1
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Mainwaring OJ, Weishaupt H, Zhao M, Rosén G, Borgenvik A, Breinschmid L, Verbaan AD, Richardson S, Thompson D, Clifford SC, Hill RM, Annusver K, Sundström A, Holmberg KO, Kasper M, Hutter S, Swartling FJ. ARF suppression by MYC but not MYCN confers increased malignancy of aggressive pediatric brain tumors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1221. [PMID: 36869047 PMCID: PMC9984535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, often harbors MYC amplifications. Compared to high-grade gliomas, MYC-amplified medulloblastomas often show increased photoreceptor activity and arise in the presence of a functional ARF/p53 suppressor pathway. Here, we generate an immunocompetent transgenic mouse model with regulatable MYC that develop clonal tumors that molecularly resemble photoreceptor-positive Group 3 medulloblastoma. Compared to MYCN-expressing brain tumors driven from the same promoter, pronounced ARF silencing is present in our MYC-expressing model and in human medulloblastoma. While partial Arf suppression causes increased malignancy in MYCN-expressing tumors, complete Arf depletion promotes photoreceptor-negative high-grade glioma formation. Computational models and clinical data further identify drugs targeting MYC-driven tumors with a suppressed but functional ARF pathway. We show that the HSP90 inhibitor, Onalespib, significantly targets MYC-driven but not MYCN-driven tumors in an ARF-dependent manner. The treatment increases cell death in synergy with cisplatin and demonstrates potential for targeting MYC-driven medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Mainwaring
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Breinschmid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annemieke D Verbaan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Dean Thompson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rebecca M Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Borgenvik A, Holmberg KO, Bolin S, Zhao M, Savov V, Rosén G, Hutter S, Garancher A, Rahmanto AS, Bergström T, Olsen TK, Mainwaring OJ, Sattanino D, Verbaan AD, Rusert JM, Sundström A, Bravo MB, Dang Y, Wenz AS, Richardson S, Fotaki G, Hill RM, Dubuc AM, Kalushkova A, Remke M, Čančer M, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Giraud G, Chen X, Taylor MD, Sangfelt O, Clifford SC, Schüller U, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. Dormant SOX9-Positive Cells Facilitate MYC-Driven Recurrence of Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4586-4603. [PMID: 36219398 PMCID: PMC9755969 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Relapse is the leading cause of death in patients with medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying recurrence could lead to more effective therapies for targeting tumor relapses. Here, we observed that SOX9, a transcription factor and stem cell/glial fate marker, is limited to rare, quiescent cells in high-risk medulloblastoma with MYC amplification. In paired primary-recurrent patient samples, SOX9-positive cells accumulated in medulloblastoma relapses. SOX9 expression anti-correlated with MYC expression in murine and human medulloblastoma cells. However, SOX9-positive cells were plastic and could give rise to a MYC high state. To follow relapse at the single-cell level, an inducible dual Tet model of medulloblastoma was developed, in which MYC expression was redirected in vivo from treatment-sensitive bulk cells to dormant SOX9-positive cells using doxycycline treatment. SOX9 was essential for relapse initiation and depended on suppression of MYC activity to promote therapy resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. p53 and DNA repair pathways were downregulated in recurrent tumors, whereas MGMT was upregulated. Recurrent tumor cells were found to be sensitive to treatment with an MGMT inhibitor and doxorubicin. These findings suggest that recurrence-specific targeting coupled with DNA repair inhibition comprises a potential therapeutic strategy in patients affected by medulloblastoma relapse. SIGNIFICANCE SOX9 facilitates therapy escape and recurrence in medulloblastoma via temporal inhibition of MYC/MYCN genes, revealing a strategy to specifically target SOX9-positive cells to prevent tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O. Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bolin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vasil Savov
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | | | - Tobias Bergström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thale Kristin Olsen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oliver J. Mainwaring
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiana Sattanino
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annemieke D. Verbaan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica M. Rusert
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mar Ballester Bravo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yonglong Dang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amelie S. Wenz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Grammatiki Fotaki
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca M. Hill
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M. Dubuc
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonia Kalushkova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc Remke
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Géraldine Giraud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xingqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olle Sangfelt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven C. Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J. Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Fredrik J. Swartling, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden. E-mail:
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3
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Zhao M, Mainwaring O, Rosén G, Olsen TK, Rijpkema S, Sundström A, Weishaupt H, Furukawa T, Swartling F. MODL-31. PHOTORECEPTOR-POSITIVE PROGENITORS PUTATIVE CELLS OF ORIGIN IN MYC-DRIVEN GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9661015 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The cell of origin of Group 3 medulloblastoma, the most malignant medulloblastoma subgroup, is currently unknown and remains controversial. Transcriptional profiling has revealed that Group 3 medulloblastomas are characterized by elevated expression of a photoreceptor program, which has not been described in the normal cerebellar development but is well characterized in the developing retina and pineal gland. We used lineage tracing and single-cell sequencing to compare normal brain development with tumor development in our previously generated MYC-driven transgenic mouse model (GMYC), where mice spontaneously develop Group 3 medulloblastoma after 4-6 months of age. We found that tumor cells emerged from progenitor cells where MYC overexpression drove the transformation of immature progenitor cells with photoreceptor pathway activity. Our data suggest that MYC-driven Group 3 medulloblastoma originates from progenitor cells expressing a photoreceptor program, which has implications for future research and the development of novel treatments targeting this devastating childhood malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhao
- Uppsala University, Uppsala , Uppsala Lan , Sweden
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4
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Weishaupt H, Čančer M, Rosén G, Holmberg KO, Häggqvist S, Bunikis I, Jiang Y, Sreedharan S, Gyllensten U, Becher OJ, Uhrbom L, Ameur A, Swartling FJ. Novel cancer gene discovery using a forward genetic screen in RCAS-PDGFB-driven gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2022; 25:97-107. [PMID: 35738865 PMCID: PMC9825320 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant gliomas, the most common malignant brain tumors in adults, represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with poor prognosis. Retroviruses can cause permanent genetic alterations that modify genes close to the viral integration site. METHODS Here we describe the use of a high-throughput pipeline coupled to the commonly used tissue-specific retroviral RCAS-TVA mouse tumor model system. Utilizing next-generation sequencing, we show that retroviral integration sites can be reproducibly detected in malignant stem cell lines generated from RCAS-PDGFB-driven glioma biopsies. RESULTS A large fraction of common integration sites contained genes that have been dysregulated or misexpressed in glioma. Others overlapped with loci identified in previous glioma-related forward genetic screens, but several novel putative cancer-causing genes were also found. Integrating retroviral tagging and clinical data, Ppfibp1 was highlighted as a frequently tagged novel glioma-causing gene. Retroviral integrations into the locus resulted in Ppfibp1 upregulation, and Ppfibp1-tagged cells generated tumors with shorter latency on orthotopic transplantation. In human gliomas, increased PPFIBP1 expression was significantly linked to poor prognosis and PDGF treatment resistance. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the current study has demonstrated a novel approach to tagging glioma genes via forward genetics, validating previous results, and identifying PPFIBP1 as a putative oncogene in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susana Häggqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ignas Bunikis
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Smitha Sreedharan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oren J Becher
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Pediatrics and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Corresponding Author: Fredrik J. Swartling, PhD, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjoldsv. 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden ()
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5
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Zhao M, Mainwaring O, Rosén G, Elgendy R, Doroszko M, Rijpkema S, Sundstrom A, Nelander S, Weishaupt H, Furukawa T, Swartling FJ. MEDB-55. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals progenitor cells expressing a photoreceptor program as putative cells origin of MYC-driven Group 3 Medulloblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9165179 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Brain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer-related death. Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor with about 70% survival. Medulloblastoma comprises four distinct subgroups respective of genomic and molecular drivers influencing tumorigenesis. It has been established that despite being considered a single disease entity, each subgroup arises from a distinct population of cells found within unique compartments of the developing brain. The cell of origin of Group 3 medulloblastoma, the most malignant medulloblastoma subgroups, is currently unknown and remains controversial. Transcriptional profiling has revealed that Group 3 medulloblastomas are characterized by elevated expression of a photoreceptor program, which has not been described in the normal cerebellar development but is well characterized in the developing pineal gland and retinal. By investigating and comparing brain and tumor development between our previously developed medulloblastoma mice model (GMYC), where mice spontaneously develop Group 3 medulloblastoma after 4-6 months of age, and their control counterparts, we found that tumor cells emerged from progenitor cells where MYC overexpression drove the transformation of immature progenitor cells expressing a photoreceptor program. Our data suggest that MYC-driven Group 3 medulloblastoma originates from progenitor cells expressing a photoreceptor program, which has implications for future research and the development of novel treatments targeting this devastating childhood malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhao
- Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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6
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Borgenvik A, Bolin S, Savov V, Holmberg KO, Zhao M, Rosén G, Hutter S, Garancher A, Rahmanto AS, Bergström T, Mainwaring O, Sattanino D, Verbaan AD, Rusert J, Sundström A, Dang Y, Wenz A, Richardson S, Fotaki G, Giraud G, Hill R, Dubuc A, Kalushkova A, Remke M, Cancer M, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Chen X, Taylor MD, Sangfelt O, Clifford S, Schüller U, Wechsler-Reya R, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. TMOD-25. LATENT SOX9-POSITIVE CELLS BEHIND MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA RELAPSE. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor recurrence developing from therapy resistance, immune escape and metastasis is the leading cause of death in medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor. Amplification of MYC genes is the most common genetic alteration in Group 3 and Group 4 subgroups that constitute two thirds of medulloblastoma. SOX9 is a transcription factor present in stem cells in the normal brain but is limited to rare, quiescent cells in medulloblastoma patients with MYC gene amplifications. By studying paired primary-recurrent patient samples and patient-derived xenografts we here identified significant accumulation of SOX9-positive cells in Group 3 and Group 4 relapses. To follow relapse at the single cell level we developed an inducible dual Tet model of MYC-driven MB, where MYC was re-directed from the treatment-sensitive bulk cells to resistant, dormant SOX9-positive cells by doxycycline. In this model, distant recurrent tumors and spinal metastases developed. SOX9 promoted immune escape, DNA repair suppression and was essential for recurrence. Tumor cell dormancy was non-hierarchical, migratory and depended on MYC suppression by SOX9 to promote relapse. By using computational modeling and treatment we also showed how doxorubicin and MGMT inhibitors were specifically targeting recurrent cells that could be of potential use in future treatments for patients affected by these fatal relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Borgenvik
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Uppsala Lan, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Miao Zhao
- Uppsala University, IGP, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Rusert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Amelie Wenz
- Uppsala University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stacey Richardson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Rebecca Hill
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Adrian Dubuc
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pathology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) University Hospital Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Matko Cancer
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olle Sangfelt
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Clifford
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer & Professor of Molecular Paediatric Oncology, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Fredrik Swartling
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Mainwaring O, Weishaupt H, Hutter S, Zhao M, Borgenvik A, Rosén G, Breinschmid L, Verbaan AD, Sundström A, Annusver K, Kasper M, Swartling F. TMOD-28. MYC GENERATES AGGRESSIVE MEDULLOBLASTOMA BY HSP90 PATHWAY ACTIVATION AND ARF SILENCING. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab196.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, often shows amplification or overexpression of the MYC transcription factor and arises in the presence of a functional p53 tumor suppressor protein. To elucidate the mechanism behind this inexplicable tumor development we generated an inducible, immunocompetent transgenic mouse model of MYC-expressing medulloblastoma. Aggressive tumors developed clonally in the presence of an unaltered p53 gene that molecularly resembled Group 3 medulloblastoma. Compared to MYCN-expressing medulloblastoma driven from the same promoter, we instead discovered pronounced and MIZ1-independent silencing of the ARF suppressor, which was also suppressed in MYC-amplified as compared to MYCN-amplified human medulloblastoma. While MYCN-driven tumor malignancy was more sensitive to ARF depletion, it dramatically increased metastatic spread of MYC-driven tumors. DNMT inhibition could restore ARF levels in MYC-expressing tumors but did not show any therapeutic advantage in tumors in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis further showed a strong correlation of the HSP90 pathway with MYC in human Group 3 MB and in the MYC-driven mouse model. The HSP90 inhibitor Onalespib showed significant selectivity for targeting MYC-driven as compared to MYCN-driven tumors. The drug promoted ARF restoration and increased the survival in our animal model which suggests that it could be potentially used in the treatment of MYC-driven ARF-silenced brain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miao Zhao
- Uppsala University, IGP, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fredrik Swartling
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Brüschweiler H, Sieber V, Weishaupt H. Dünnschichtchromatographische Analyse von anionaktiven und nichtionogenen Tensiden. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1980-170305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Mainwaring O, Weishaupt H, Hutter S, Zhao M, Rosén G, Breinschmid L, Verbaan A, Sundström A, Annusver K, Kasper M, Swartling F. EMBR-07. MYC BUT NOT MYCN GENERATES AGGRESSIVE GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA BY ARF PATHWAY SUPPRESSION. Neuro Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC8168170 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab090.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, often harbor MYC amplifications and arise in the presence of a functional p53 suppressor protein. To elucidate the mechanism behind this inexplicable tumor development we generated an inducible, immunocompetent transgenic mouse model of MYC-driven MB. Tumors driven from the glutamate transporter promoter molecularly resembled aggressive Group 3 MB driven by an enriched photoreceptor program. They developed embryonically in a monoclonal fashion in the presence of a functional unmutated p53 gene. Compared to MYCN-expressing MB driven from the same promoter, we discovered pronounced silencing of the ARF suppressor upstream of p53. We similarly found significant methylation of the ARF promoter in MYC-amplified as compared to MYCN-amplified human MB samples. While MYCN-driven tumor malignancy was more sensitive to ARF depletion, it dramatically increased metastatic spread of MYC-driven tumors. DNMT inhibition could restore ARF levels in MYC-expressing tumors but did not show any therapeutic advantage in tumors in vivo. Computational modeling suggested the HSP90 protein to act as a more specific target and ARF could indeed be restored by the HSP90 inhibitor onalespib that promoted increased survival in our inducible animal model suggesting that HSP90 inhibition could be potentially used in patients affected by MYC-driven ARF-silenced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mainwaring
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miao Zhao
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Breinschmid
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annemieke Verbaan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Swartling
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Bolin S, Savov V, Borgenvik A, Rosén G, Olausson KH, Zhao M, Garancher A, Rahmanto AS, Hutter S, Mainwaring O, Rusert J, Sundstrom A, Richardson S, Fotaki G, Hill RM, Dubuc AM, Kalushkova A, Remke M, Čančer M, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Ramaswamy V, Chen X, Taylor MD, Sangfelt O, Schüller U, Clifford SC, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. MBRS-10. QUIESCENT SOX9-POSITIVE CELLS BEHIND MYC DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA RECURRENCE. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715168 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death in medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor. Recurrence occurs when subpopulations of cancer cells evade standard therapy by acquiring features of immune escape, metastatic spread, and treatment resistance. The transcription factor SOX9 correlated with treatment resistance and dissemination in aggressive Group 3 medulloblastoma. By studying paired primary-recurrent medulloblastoma samples and patient-derived xenograft models, we identified rare SOX9-positive slow-cycling, therapy-resistant tumor cells that accumulate in relapses and in metastases. In an inducible transgenic Group 3 tumor model, doxycycline treatment kills all tumor cells by turning MYC off. However, when MYC expression was redirected to the SOX9 promoter, recurrences from rare, dormant SOX9-positive cells developed with 100% penetrance. Expression profiling revealed that recurrences were more inflammatory, metastatic, and showed elevated MGMT methyltransferase levels which depleted recurrent cells when selectively inhibited. Our model explains how recurrences develop from SOX9-induced quiescence in MYC-driven brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Rusert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca M Hill
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Marc Remke
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulrich Schüller
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Weishaupt H, Johansson P, Sundström A, Lubovac-Pilav Z, Olsson B, Nelander S, Swartling FJ. Batch-normalization of cerebellar and medulloblastoma gene expression datasets utilizing empirically defined negative control genes. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:3357-3364. [PMID: 30715209 PMCID: PMC6748729 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Medulloblastoma (MB) is a brain cancer predominantly arising in children. Roughly 70% of patients are cured today, but survivors often suffer from severe sequelae. MB has been extensively studied by molecular profiling, but often in small and scattered cohorts. To improve cure rates and reduce treatment side effects, accurate integration of such data to increase analytical power will be important, if not essential. Results We have integrated 23 transcription datasets, spanning 1350 MB and 291 normal brain samples. To remove batch effects, we combined the Removal of Unwanted Variation (RUV) method with a novel pipeline for determining empirical negative control genes and a panel of metrics to evaluate normalization performance. The documented approach enabled the removal of a majority of batch effects, producing a large-scale, integrative dataset of MB and cerebellar expression data. The proposed strategy will be broadly applicable for accurate integration of data and incorporation of normal reference samples for studies of various diseases. We hope that the integrated dataset will improve current research in the field of MB by allowing more large-scale gene expression analyses. Availability and implementation The RUV-normalized expression data is available through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and can be accessed via the GSE series number GSE124814. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zelmina Lubovac-Pilav
- Division for Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Bioscience, The Systems Biology Research Centre, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Björn Olsson
- Division for Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Bioscience, The Systems Biology Research Centre, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Čančer M, Hutter S, Holmberg KO, Rosén G, Sundström A, Tailor J, Bergström T, Garancher A, Essand M, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Falk A, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. Humanized Stem Cell Models of Pediatric Medulloblastoma Reveal an Oct4/mTOR Axis that Promotes Malignancy. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:855-870.e11. [PMID: 31786016 PMCID: PMC6900751 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor, can arise from cellular malfunctions during hindbrain development. Here we generate humanized models for Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup MB via MYCN overexpression in primary human hindbrain-derived neuroepithelial stem (hbNES) cells or iPSC-derived NES cells, which display a range of aggressive phenotypes upon xenografting. iPSC-derived NES tumors develop quickly with leptomeningeal dissemination, whereas hbNES-derived cells exhibit delayed tumor formation with less dissemination. Methylation and expression profiling show that tumors from both origins recapitulate hallmarks of infant SHH MB and reveal that mTOR activation, as a result of increased Oct4, promotes aggressiveness of human SHH tumors. Targeting mTOR decreases cell viability and prolongs survival, showing the utility of these varied models for dissecting mechanisms mediating tumor aggression and demonstrating the value of humanized models for a better understanding of pediatric cancers. Human iPSC-derived or primary neuroepithelial stem cells can be transformed by MYCN MYCN drives infant SHH medulloblastoma with clinically relevant features Epigenetically regulated Oct4 promotes mTOR hyperactivation in infant SHH tumors mTOR inhibition efficiently targets metastatic SHH medulloblastoma models and PDXs
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Affiliation(s)
- Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jignesh Tailor
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Tobias Bergström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 92037 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 92037 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Čančer M, Drews LF, Bengtsson J, Bolin S, Rosén G, Westermark B, Nelander S, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Uhrbom L, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. BET and Aurora Kinase A inhibitors synergize against MYCN-positive human glioblastoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:881. [PMID: 31754113 PMCID: PMC6872649 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients usually undergo surgery followed by aggressive radio- and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Still, median survival is only 12–15 months after diagnosis. Many human cancers including GBMs demonstrate addiction to MYC transcription factor signaling and can become susceptible to inhibition of MYC downstream genes. JQ1 is an effective inhibitor of BET Bromodomains, a class of epigenetic readers regulating expression of downstream MYC targets. Here, we show that BET inhibition decreases viability of patient-derived GBM cell lines. We propose a distinct expression signature of MYCN-elevated GBM cells that correlates with significant sensitivity to BET inhibition. In tumors showing JQ1 sensitivity, we found enrichment of pathways regulating cell cycle, DNA damage response and repair. As DNA repair leads to acquired chemoresistance to TMZ, JQ1 treatment in combination with TMZ synergistically inhibited proliferation of MYCN-elevated cells. Bioinformatic analyses further showed that the expression of MYCN correlates with Aurora Kinase A levels and Aurora Kinase inhibitors indeed showed synergistic efficacy in combination with BET inhibition. Collectively, our data suggest that BET inhibitors could potentiate the efficacy of either TMZ or Aurora Kinase inhibitors in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Bengtsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bolin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science For Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Huang M, Tailor J, Zhen Q, Gillmor AH, Miller ML, Weishaupt H, Chen J, Zheng T, Nash EK, McHenry LK, An Z, Ye F, Takashima Y, Clarke J, Ayetey H, Cavalli FMG, Luu B, Moriarity BS, Ilkhanizadeh S, Chavez L, Yu C, Kurian KM, Magnaldo T, Sevenet N, Koch P, Pollard SM, Dirks P, Snyder MP, Largaespada DA, Cho YJ, Phillips JJ, Swartling FJ, Morrissy AS, Kool M, Pfister SM, Taylor MD, Smith A, Weiss WA. Engineering Genetic Predisposition in Human Neuroepithelial Stem Cells Recapitulates Medulloblastoma Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:433-446.e7. [PMID: 31204176 PMCID: PMC6731167 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human neural stem cell cultures provide progenitor cells that are potential cells of origin for brain cancers. However, the extent to which genetic predisposition to tumor formation can be faithfully captured in stem cell lines is uncertain. Here, we evaluated neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells, representative of cerebellar progenitors. We transduced NES cells with MYCN, observing medulloblastoma upon orthotopic implantation in mice. Significantly, transcriptomes and patterns of DNA methylation from xenograft tumors were globally more representative of human medulloblastoma compared to a MYCN-driven genetically engineered mouse model. Orthotopic transplantation of NES cells generated from Gorlin syndrome patients, who are predisposed to medulloblastoma due to germline-mutated PTCH1, also generated medulloblastoma. We engineered candidate cooperating mutations in Gorlin NES cells, with mutation of DDX3X or loss of GSE1 both accelerating tumorigenesis. These findings demonstrate that human NES cells provide a potent experimental resource for dissecting genetic causation in medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miller Huang
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jignesh Tailor
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Qiqi Zhen
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Aaron H Gillmor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew L Miller
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Justin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tina Zheng
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Emily K Nash
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lauren K McHenry
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhenyi An
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fubaiyang Ye
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - James Clarke
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shirin Ilkhanizadeh
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lukas Chavez
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunying Yu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 1, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Thierry Magnaldo
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice UMR CNRS 7284 INSERM U1081 UNS/UCA, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Sevenet
- Institut Bergonie & INSERM U1218, Universite de Bordeaux, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Philipp Koch
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim and Hector Institut for Translational Brain Research (HITBR gGmbH), Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven M Pollard
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Dirks
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoon Jae Cho
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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15
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Mainwaring O, Weishaupt H, Hutter S, Rosen G, Annusver K, Kasper M, Swartling F. MEDU-16. MYC BUT NOT MYCN GENERATES AGGRESSIVE GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA THROUGH ARF SUPPRESSION. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Bolin S, Savov V, Borgenvik A, Rosen G, Garancher A, Rahmanto AS, Hutter S, Mainwaring O, Olausson KH, Rusert J, Sundstrom A, Richardson S, Fotaki G, Hill R, Dubuc A, Kalushkova A, Remke M, Cancer M, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Ramaswamy V, Taylor M, Sangfelt O, Clifford S, Schuller U, Wechsler-Reya R, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. MEDU-26. LATENT SOX9-POSITIVE CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA RECURRENCE. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz036.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death among children with medulloblastoma, the most common type of malignant pediatric brain tumors. The mechanisms behind medulloblastoma recurrence are not fully understood. We previously showed that the transcription factor SOX9 promotes cisplatin treatment resistance in medulloblastoma. Here we show that SOX9 levels correlate with poor prognosis in Group 3 tumors. By studying paired primary-recurrent medulloblastoma samples and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models we further identified rare SOX9-positive slow-cycling, therapy-resistant tumor cells that accumulate in relapses and in leptomenigeal metastases of Group 3 and Group 4 patients. By using an inducible Tet-OFF transgenic (GTML) mouse model for malignant MYCN-driven Group 3 tumors we identified rare SOX9-positive, quiescent brain tumor cells that are more resistant to cisplatin. Dox treatment normally cures GTML transgenic animals that developed aggressive medulloblastoma by turning MYCN off. However, when crossing the Tet-OFF GTML model with a Tet-ON rtTA-Sox9 model we can redirect MYCN expression to the Sox9 promoter ultimately driving brain tumor recurrence from rare SOX9-positive cells with 100% penetrance. In this novel animal model, recurrent tumors were actively disseminating from the hindbrain to the spinal cord and into the forebrain similar to distant relapses found in patients. By overexpressing SOX9 in human Group 3 tumor cells, MYC was directly inhibited and cell proliferation was decreased. PDX models of Group 3 tumors further showed increased levels of SOX9-positivity and less proliferative cells in metastatic compartments. Expression profiling revealed that recurrences were more inflammatory, metastatic, immune evasive and showed elevated MGMT methyltransferase levels which depleted recurrent cells and sensitized them for chemotherapy when using the MGMT inhibitor lomeguatrib. To summarize, our data clarify important and complex mechanisms by which latent medulloblastoma cells fail to respond to standard therapy and generate relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bolin
- Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Rusert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Hill
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Dubuc
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marc Remke
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven Clifford
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Schuller
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Rosén G, Weishaupt H, Mainwaring O, Swartling F. TMOD-38. GMYC: A NOVEL INDUCIBLE TRANSGENIC MODEL OF GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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18
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Bolin S, Savov V, Borgenvik A, Garancher A, Rosén G, Rahmanto A, Hutter S, Rusert J, Garzia L, Fotaki G, Hill RM, Dubuc AM, Remke M, aner M, Ramaswamy V, Clifford S, Sangfelt O, Schüller U, Taylor M, Wechsler-Reya R, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. TMOD-35. CAN RARE SOX9-POSITIVE CELLS INCITE MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA RECURRENCE? Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Garancher
- Tumor Initiation & Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Aldwin Rahmanto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jessica Rusert
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Livia Garzia
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rebecca M Hill
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M Dubuc
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Remke
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Clifford
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulrich Schüller
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Čančer M, Drews L, Rosén G, Westermark B, Nelander S, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Uhrbom L, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. EXTH-65. BET INHIBITION IN COMBINATION WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE TARGETS MYCN-POSITIVE GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Hutter S, Weishaupt H, Rosén G, Swartling F. TMOD-28. MYC OVEREXPRESSION DRIVES MEDULLOBLASTOMA FROM HUMAN NEUROEPITHELIAL STEM CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy148.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Weishaupt H, Mainwaring O, Hutter S, Kalushkova A, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Rosén G, Swartling FJ. MBRS-42. GMYC: A NOVEL INDUCIBLE TRANSGENIC MODEL OF GROUP 3 MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oliver Mainwaring
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Antonia Kalushkova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Roy A, Attarha S, Weishaupt H, Edqvist PH, Swartling FJ, Bergqvist M, Siebzehnrubl FA, Smits A, Pontén F, Tchougounova E. Serglycin as a potential biomarker for glioma: association of serglycin expression, extent of mast cell recruitment and glioblastoma progression. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24815-24827. [PMID: 28445977 PMCID: PMC5421891 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan with a unique ability to adopt highly divergent structures by glycosylation with variable types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when expressed by different cell types. Serglycin is overexpressed in aggressive cancers suggesting its protumorigenic role. In this study, we explored the expression of serglycin in human glioma and its correlation with survival and immune cell infiltration. We demonstrate that serglycin is expressed in glioma and that increased expression predicts poor survival of patients. Analysis of serglycin expression in a large cohort of low- and high-grade human glioma samples reveals that its expression is grade dependent and is positively correlated with mast cell (MC) infiltration. Moreover, serglycin expression in patient-derived glioma cells is significantly increased upon MC co-culture. This is also accompanied by increased expression of CXCL12, CXCL10, as well as markers of cancer progression, including CD44, ZEB1 and vimentin.In conclusion, these findings indicate the importance of infiltrating MCs in glioma by modulating signaling cascades involving serglycin, CD44 and ZEB1. The present investigation reveals serglycin as a potential prognostic marker for glioma and demonstrates an association with the extent of MC recruitment and glioma progression, uncovering potential future therapeutic opportunities for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanaz Attarha
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Henrik Edqvist
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- Cardiff University School of Biosciences, European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Smits
- Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Tchougounova
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Weishaupt H, Johansson P, Engström C, Nelander S, Silvestrov S, Swartling FJ. Loss of Conservation of Graph Centralities in Reverse-engineered Transcriptional Regulatory Networks. Methodol Comput Appl Probab 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11009-017-9554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Čančer M, Hutter S, Rosén G, Hellström AC, Essand M, Huang M, Tailor J, Smith A, Weiss WA, Falk A, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. TMOD-05. MYCN OVEREXPRESSION AND STABILIZATION DRIVES MEDULLOBLASTOMA FROM HUMAN NEURO-EPITHELIAL STEM CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.1044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Bolin S, Savov V, Borgenvik A, Garancher A, Rosén G, Rahmanto AS, Hutter S, Rusert J, Fotaki G, Hill R, Dubuc A, Remke M, Čančer M, Ramaswamy V, Clifford S, Sangfelt O, Schüller U, Taylor M, Wechsler-Reya R, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. TMOD-31. RARE SOX9+ CELLS BEHIND MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA RECURRENCE. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Bolin S, Borgenvik A, Persson C, Sundström A, Qi J, Bradner J, Weiss W, Cho YJ, Weishaupt H, Swartling F. PDTM-34. COMBINED BET BROMODOMAIN AND CDK2 INHIBITION IN MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox168.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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27
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Roy A, Libard S, Weishaupt H, Gustavsson I, Uhrbom L, Hesselager G, Swartling FJ, Pontén F, Alafuzoff I, Tchougounova E. Mast Cell Infiltration in Human Brain Metastases Modulates the Microenvironment and Contributes to the Metastatic Potential. Front Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28626727 PMCID: PMC5454042 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic brain tumors continue to be a clinical problem, despite new therapeutic advances in cancer treatment. Brain metastases (BMs) are among the most common mass lesions in the brain that are resistant to chemotherapies, have a very poor prognosis, and currently lack any efficient diagnostic tests. Predictions estimate that about 40% of lung and breast cancer patients will develop BM. Despite this, very little is known about the immunological and genetic aberrations that drive tumorigenesis in BM. In this study, we demonstrate the infiltration of mast cells (MCs) in a large cohort of human BM samples with different tissues of origin for primary cancer. We applied patient-derived BM cell models to the study of BM cell-MC interactions. BM cells when cocultured with MCs demonstrate enhanced growth and self-renewal capacity. Gene set enrichment analyses indicate increased expression of signal transduction and transmembrane proteins related genes in the cocultured BM cells. MCs exert their effect by release of mediators such as IL-8, IL-10, matrix metalloprotease 2, and vascular endothelial growth factor, thereby permitting metastasis. In conclusion, we provide evidence for a role of MCs in BM. Our findings indicate MCs' capability of modulating gene expression in BM cells and suggest that MCs can serve as a new target for drug development against metastases in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sylwia Libard
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Gustavsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hesselager
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Tchougounova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Hutter S, Bolin S, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. Modeling and Targeting MYC Genes in Childhood Brain Tumors. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040107. [PMID: 28333115 PMCID: PMC5406854 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are the second most common group of childhood cancers, accounting for about 20%–25% of all pediatric tumors. Deregulated expression of the MYC family of transcription factors, particularly c-MYC and MYCN genes, has been found in many of these neoplasms, and their expression levels are often correlated with poor prognosis. Elevated c-MYC/MYCN initiates and drives tumorigenesis in many in vivo model systems of pediatric brain tumors. Therefore, inhibition of their oncogenic function is an attractive therapeutic target. In this review, we explore the roles of MYC oncoproteins and their molecular targets during the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of childhood brain tumors. We also briefly summarize recent progress in the development of therapeutic approaches for pharmacological inhibition of MYC activity in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Bolin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Sreedharan S, Maturi NP, Xie Y, Sundström A, Jarvius M, Libard S, Alafuzoff I, Weishaupt H, Fryknäs M, Larsson R, Swartling FJ, Uhrbom L. Mouse Models of Pediatric Supratentorial High-grade Glioma Reveal How Cell-of-Origin Influences Tumor Development and Phenotype. Cancer Res 2016; 77:802-812. [PMID: 28115362 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-grade glioma (HGG) is a group of primary malignant brain tumors with dismal prognosis. Whereas adult HGG has been studied extensively, childhood HGG, a relatively rare disease, is less well-characterized. Here, we present two novel platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-driven mouse models of pediatric supratentorial HGG. Tumors developed from two different cells of origin reminiscent of neural stem cells (NSC) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC). Cross-species transcriptomics showed that both models are closely related to human pediatric HGG as compared with adult HGG. Furthermore, an NSC-like cell-of-origin enhanced tumor incidence, malignancy, and the ability of mouse glioma cells (GC) to be cultured under stem cell conditions as compared with an OPC-like cell. Functional analyses of cultured GC from these tumors showed that cells of NSC-like origin were more tumorigenic, had a higher rate of self-renewal and proliferation, and were more sensitive to a panel of cancer drugs compared with GC of a more differentiated origin. These two mouse models relevant to human pediatric supratentorial HGG propose an important role of the cell-of-origin for clinicopathologic features of this disease. Cancer Res; 77(3); 802-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Sreedharan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naga Prathyusha Maturi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sylwia Libard
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten Fryknäs
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rolf Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.
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30
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Suryo Rahmanto A, Savov V, Brunner A, Bolin S, Weishaupt H, Malyukova A, Rosén G, Čančer M, Hutter S, Sundström A, Kawauchi D, Jones DT, Spruck C, Taylor MD, Cho YJ, Pfister SM, Kool M, Korshunov A, Swartling FJ, Sangfelt O. FBW7 suppression leads to SOX9 stabilization and increased malignancy in medulloblastoma. EMBO J 2016; 35:2192-2212. [PMID: 27625374 PMCID: PMC5069553 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201693889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX9 is a master transcription factor that regulates development and stem cell programs. However, its potential oncogenic activity and regulatory mechanisms that control SOX9 protein stability are poorly understood. Here, we show that SOX9 is a substrate of FBW7, a tumor suppressor, and a SCF (SKP1/CUL1/F‐box)‐type ubiquitin ligase. FBW7 recognizes a conserved degron surrounding threonine 236 (T236) in SOX9 that is phosphorylated by GSK3 kinase and consequently degraded by SCFFBW7α. Failure to degrade SOX9 promotes migration, metastasis, and treatment resistance in medulloblastoma, one of the most common childhood brain tumors. FBW7 is either mutated or downregulated in medulloblastoma, and in cases where FBW7 mRNA levels are low, SOX9 protein is significantly elevated and this phenotype is associated with metastasis at diagnosis and poor patient outcome. Transcriptional profiling of medulloblastoma cells expressing a degradation‐resistant SOX9 mutant reveals activation of pro‐metastatic genes and genes linked to cisplatin resistance. Finally, we show that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activity destabilizes SOX9 in a GSK3/FBW7‐dependent manner, rendering medulloblastoma cells sensitive to cytostatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasil Savov
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrä Brunner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Bolin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena Malyukova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Rosén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Hutter
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Tw Jones
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charles Spruck
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Sangfelt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Cancer M, Weishaupt H, Rosen G, Bunikis I, Jiang Y, Sreedharan S, Bolin S, Gyllensten U, Becher OJ, Uhrbom L, Ameur A, Swartling FJ. Abstract 2688: A forward genetics screen of murine brain tumors identifies novel candidate genes involved in gliomagenesis. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in adults. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling is commonly activated in glioma. We have used a retrovirus-driven PDGFB-induced murine glioma model that causes tumors that closely resemble human gliomas of various grades. Knowing that retroviruses have a capacity to induce insertional mutagenesis, we have employed whole genome sequencing to identify potential genes that, together with PDGFB, drive glioma development.
Gliomas were induced by RCAS virus injection into the brains of mice expressing the RCAS retroviral receptor from specific promoters. Genomic DNA from tumor cell lines was probed for retroviral tags and sequenced to identify genomic targets of the retrovirus. A streamlined analysis pipeline was developed for retrovirus integration detection and mapping to the reference mouse genome. Integration sites were analyzed and a common integration site (CIS) label was assigned to a gene, given that it was either tagged by a retrovirus more than once within a discovery set or found within the Retroviral Tagged Cancer Gene Database (RTCGD).
In a small discovery subset of 15 murine gliomas, we have identified 40 CIS, of which 37 were validated by Sanger sequencing. When compared with previously identified CIS in RTCGD, 5.5% of them were shared with our older screen, where we overexpressed PDGFB from another retrovirus in order to induce glioma. Less CIS genes were shared with other published tumor models induced by viruses driven by other cancer genes/viruses.
The majority of genes identified in our screen were tagged twice. However, Nfic, Cuecd1, Thra, Foxj1 and Nrxn1 were tagged three times, Ppfibp1 and Rhbg four times, and Mir29a/29b-1 seven times. As compared to control tumor lines, two top candidate genes, Mir29a and Ppfibp1, demonstrated significantly increased expression in tumor lines in were they were respectively tagged. Mir29a is often found downregulated in human tumors including gliomas, still high levels of Mir29a are sometimes found in certain aggressive cancers and in metastases.
Interestingly, we found that specific PDGFR inhibition negatively regulates Mir29a, indicating a possible role for PDGF signaling in Mir29a regulation. Ppfibp1 has not been extensively studied in cancer. However, Ppfibp1 seems to have a subgroup-specific expression in human glioblastoma, making it an interesting candidate for further analysis.
Here we present a new screening method that can be employed to identify genes involved in PDGFB-driven gliomagenesis. So far, we have identified 37 candidate genes by whole genome sequencing. Two of the most frequently tagged candidates, Mir29a and Ppfibp1 were upregulated as a consequence of retroviral mutagenesis. Their precise role in driving glioma formation in collaboration with PDGF is currently explored.
Citation Format: Matko Cancer, Holger Weishaupt, Gabriela Rosen, Ignas Bunikis, Yiwen Jiang, Smitha Sreedharan, Sara Bolin, Ulf Gyllensten, Oren J. Becher, Lene Uhrbom, Adam Ameur, Fredrik J. Swartling. A forward genetics screen of murine brain tumors identifies novel candidate genes involved in gliomagenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2688.
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Bolin S, Borgenvik A, Persson C, Rosén G, Sundström A, Qi J, Bradner JE, Weiss WA, Cho YJ, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ. Abstract 2473: Combined BET-bromodomain and CDK2 inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Misexpression of MYC genes (MYC and MYCN) occurs commonly in medulloblastoma (MB), the most frequent malignant childhood brain tumor. We previously showed that tumors are addicted to MYCN and that MYCN stabilization is required for MB development in mice (Swartling et al, Genes & Dev, 2010; Cancer Cell, 2012). Targeted MYCN suppression completely depleted MYCN-driven MB cells in vivo. Immediate transcriptional changes from such MYCN blockade were found by RNA-Seq and showed similarities to changes that occurred after CDK2 suppression or when inhibiting BET bromodomains. CDK2 and BET inhibitors both inhibited MYC protein expression and effectively induced cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Compared with either agent alone a sustained combination treatment over 7-10 days displayed synergy and effectively abolished tumor cell proliferation in vitro. The combined treatment further reduced tumor growth in orthotopical MB transplants and significantly prolonged survival as compared to single agent therapy. Our data suggest that dual inhibition of CDK2 and BET Bromodomains could be a novel treatment approach in suppressing medulloblastoma by targeting MYC proteins.
Citation Format: Sara Bolin, Anna Borgenvik, Camilla Persson, Gabriela Rosén, Anders Sundström, Jun Qi, James E. Bradner, William A. Weiss, Yoon-Jae Cho, Holger Weishaupt, Fredrik J. Swartling. Combined BET-bromodomain and CDK2 inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2473.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Qi
- 2Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - William A. Weiss
- 3UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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Truvé K, Dickinson P, Xiong A, York D, Jayashankar K, Pielberg G, Koltookian M, Murén E, Fuxelius HH, Weishaupt H, Swartling FJ, Andersson G, Hedhammar Å, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Bannasch D, Lindblad-Toh K. Utilizing the Dog Genome in the Search for Novel Candidate Genes Involved in Glioma Development-Genome Wide Association Mapping followed by Targeted Massive Parallel Sequencing Identifies a Strongly Associated Locus. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006000. [PMID: 27171399 PMCID: PMC4865040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common form of malignant primary brain tumors in humans and second most common in dogs, occurring with similar frequencies in both species. Dogs are valuable spontaneous models of human complex diseases including cancers and may provide insight into disease susceptibility and oncogenesis. Several brachycephalic breeds such as Boxer, Bulldog and Boston Terrier have an elevated risk of developing glioma, but others, including Pug and Pekingese, are not at higher risk. To identify glioma-associated genetic susceptibility factors, an across-breed genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 39 dog glioma cases and 141 controls from 25 dog breeds, identifying a genome-wide significant locus on canine chromosome (CFA) 26 (p = 2.8 x 10-8). Targeted re-sequencing of the 3.4 Mb candidate region was performed, followed by genotyping of the 56 SNVs that best fit the association pattern between the re-sequenced cases and controls. We identified three candidate genes that were highly associated with glioma susceptibility: CAMKK2, P2RX7 and DENR. CAMKK2 showed reduced expression in both canine and human brain tumors, and a non-synonymous variant in P2RX7, previously demonstrated to have a 50% decrease in receptor function, was also associated with disease. Thus, one or more of these genes appear to affect glioma susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Truvé
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail: (KT); (KLT)
| | - Peter Dickinson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anqi Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kartika Jayashankar
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gerli Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Koltookian
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eva Murén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans-Henrik Fuxelius
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J. Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Danika Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KT); (KLT)
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Swartling FJ, Čančer M, Frantz A, Weishaupt H, Persson AI. Deregulated proliferation and differentiation in brain tumors. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 359:225-54. [PMID: 25416506 PMCID: PMC4286433 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons, is deregulated in neural stem cell (NSC)- and progenitor-derived murine models of malignant medulloblastoma and glioma, the most common brain tumors of children and adults, respectively. Molecular characterization of human malignant brain tumors, and in particular brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), has identified neurodevelopmental transcription factors, microRNAs, and epigenetic factors known to inhibit neuronal and glial differentiation. We are starting to understand how these factors are regulated by the major oncogenic drivers in malignant brain tumors. In this review, we will focus on the molecular switches that block normal neuronal differentiation and induce brain tumor formation. Genetic or pharmacological manipulation of these switches in BTSCs has been shown to restore the ability of tumor cells to differentiate. We will discuss potential brain tumor therapies that will promote differentiation in order to reduce treatment resistance, suppress tumor growth, and prevent recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Aaron Frantz
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Anders I Persson
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, Sandler Neurosciences Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Hede SM, Savov V, Weishaupt H, Sangfelt O, Swartling FJ. Oncoprotein stabilization in brain tumors. Oncogene 2014; 33:4709-21. [PMID: 24166497 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins involved in promoting cell proliferation and viability need to be timely expressed and carefully controlled for the proper development of the brain but also efficiently degraded in order to prevent cells from becoming brain cancer cells. A major pathway for targeted protein degradation in cells is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Oncoproteins that drive tumor development and tumor maintenance are often deregulated and stabilized in malignant cells. This can occur when oncoproteins escape degradation by the UPS because of mutations in either the oncoprotein itself or in the UPS components responsible for recognition and ubiquitylation of the oncoprotein. As the pathogenic accumulation of an oncoprotein can lead to effectively sustained cell growth, viability and tumor progression, it is an indisputable target for cancer treatment. The most common types of malignant brain tumors in children and adults are medulloblastoma and glioma, respectively. Here, we review different ways of how deregulated proteolysis of oncoproteins involved in major signaling cancer pathways contributes to medulloblastoma and glioma development. We also describe means of targeting relevant oncoproteins in brain tumors with treatments affecting their stability or therapeutic strategies directed against the UPS itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Hede
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Savov
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Weishaupt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O Sangfelt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Swartling FJ, Savov V, an er M, Bolin S, Fotaki G, Dubuc A, Remke M, Ramaswamy V, Weishaupt H, Taylor MD. METASTASIS AND TUMOR RECURRENCE FROM RARE SOX9-POSITIVE CELLS IN MYCN-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou208.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nitert MD, Dayeh T, Volkov P, Elgzyri T, Hall E, Nilsson E, Yang BT, Lang S, Parikh H, Wessman Y, Weishaupt H, Attema J, Abels M, Wierup N, Almgren P, Jansson PA, Rönn T, Hansson O, Eriksson KF, Groop L, Ling C. Impact of an exercise intervention on DNA methylation in skeletal muscle from first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:3322-32. [PMID: 23028138 PMCID: PMC3501844 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify epigenetic patterns, which may predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to a family history (FH) of the disease, we analyzed DNA methylation genome-wide in skeletal muscle from individuals with (FH(+)) or without (FH(-)) an FH of T2D. We found differential DNA methylation of genes in biological pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), insulin, and calcium signaling (P ≤ 0.007) and of individual genes with known function in muscle, including MAPK1, MYO18B, HOXC6, and the AMP-activated protein kinase subunit PRKAB1 in skeletal muscle of FH(+) compared with FH(-) men. We further validated our findings from FH(+) men in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for T2D, and 40% of 65 analyzed genes exhibited differential DNA methylation in muscle of both FH(+) men and diabetic twins. We further examined if a 6-month exercise intervention modifies the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in skeletal muscle of the FH(+) and FH(-) individuals. DNA methylation of genes in retinol metabolism and calcium signaling pathways (P < 3 × 10(-6)) and with known functions in muscle and T2D including MEF2A, RUNX1, NDUFC2, and THADA decreased after exercise. Methylation of these human promoter regions suppressed reporter gene expression in vitro. In addition, both expression and methylation of several genes, i.e., ADIPOR1, BDKRB2, and TRIB1, changed after exercise. These findings provide new insights into how genetic background and environment can alter the human epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Dekker Nitert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tasnim Dayeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Targ Elgzyri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elin Hall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatrice T. Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hemang Parikh
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ylva Wessman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Immunology Unit, Institute for Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanne Attema
- Immunology Unit, Institute for Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mia Abels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Charlotte Ling,
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Weishaupt H, Attema JL. A Method to Study the Epigenetic Chromatin States of Rare Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells; MiniChIP-Chip. Biol Proced Online 2010; 12:1-17. [PMID: 21406121 PMCID: PMC3396287 DOI: 10.1007/s12575-010-9031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic chromatin structure is a fundamental property of gene transcriptional regulation, and has emerged as a critical modulator of physiological processes during cellular differentiation and development. Analysis of chromatin structure using molecular biology and biochemical assays in rare somatic stem and progenitor cells is key for understanding these processes but poses a great challenge because of their reliance on millions of cells. Through the development of a miniaturized genome-scale chromatin immunoprecipitation method (miniChIP–chip), we have documented the genome-wide chromatin states of low abundant populations that comprise hematopoietic stem cells and immediate progeny residing in murine bone marrow. In this report, we describe the miniChIP methodology that can be used for increasing an understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function. Application of this method will reveal the contribution of dynamic chromatin structure in regulating the function of other somatic stem cell populations, and how this process becomes perturbed in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Weishaupt
- Immunology Unit, Institute for Experimental Medical Science, BMC D14, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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