2
|
Nitert MD, Dayeh T, Volkov P, Elgzyri T, Hall E, Nilsson E, Yang BT, Lang S, Parikh H, Wessman Y, Weishaupt H, Attema J, Abels M, Wierup N, Almgren P, Jansson PA, Rönn T, Hansson O, Eriksson KF, Groop L, Ling C. Impact of an exercise intervention on DNA methylation in skeletal muscle from first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2012; 61:3322-32. [PMID: 23028138 PMCID: PMC3501844 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To identify epigenetic patterns, which may predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to a family history (FH) of the disease, we analyzed DNA methylation genome-wide in skeletal muscle from individuals with (FH(+)) or without (FH(-)) an FH of T2D. We found differential DNA methylation of genes in biological pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), insulin, and calcium signaling (P ≤ 0.007) and of individual genes with known function in muscle, including MAPK1, MYO18B, HOXC6, and the AMP-activated protein kinase subunit PRKAB1 in skeletal muscle of FH(+) compared with FH(-) men. We further validated our findings from FH(+) men in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for T2D, and 40% of 65 analyzed genes exhibited differential DNA methylation in muscle of both FH(+) men and diabetic twins. We further examined if a 6-month exercise intervention modifies the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in skeletal muscle of the FH(+) and FH(-) individuals. DNA methylation of genes in retinol metabolism and calcium signaling pathways (P < 3 × 10(-6)) and with known functions in muscle and T2D including MEF2A, RUNX1, NDUFC2, and THADA decreased after exercise. Methylation of these human promoter regions suppressed reporter gene expression in vitro. In addition, both expression and methylation of several genes, i.e., ADIPOR1, BDKRB2, and TRIB1, changed after exercise. These findings provide new insights into how genetic background and environment can alter the human epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Dekker Nitert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tasnim Dayeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Targ Elgzyri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elin Hall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatrice T. Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hemang Parikh
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ylva Wessman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Holger Weishaupt
- Immunology Unit, Institute for Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joanne Attema
- Immunology Unit, Institute for Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mia Abels
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nils Wierup
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Charlotte Ling,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shannon MF, Coles LS, Attema J, Diamond P. The role of architectural transcription factors in cytokine gene transcription. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69:21-32. [PMID: 11200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The strict control of cytokine gene transcription is required for the correct regulation of an immune response. Cytokine gene transcription is generally inducible and can also be cell-type specific. Promoter and enhancer regions that control the expression of these genes assemble complex arrays of transcription factors known as enhanceosomes. One important aspect of the organization of these multi-protein complexes is the presence of proteins known as architectural transcription factors. Architectural proteins influence structural aspects of enhanceosomes through protein:DNA as well as protein:protein interactions. The high mobility group I(Y) and the cold shock domain families of architectural proteins have been shown to play roles in cytokine gene transcription and will be discussed here. These families of proteins interact with specific structural features of DNA, modulate transcription factor binding to DNA, and interact directly with other transcription factors. The mechanisms by which they affect inducible cytokine gene transcription will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Shannon
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, South Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Shannon
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
| | - L. S. Coles
- Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J. Attema
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra
| | - P. Diamond
- Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The Mdm2 protein is a key regulator of p53 activity and stability. Upon binding, Mdm2 inhibits the transcription regulatory activity of p53 and promotes its rapid degradation. In this study we investigated the effect of the human Mdm2 homologue Hdmx on p53 stability. We found that Hdmx does not target p53 for degradation, although, like Mdm2, it inhibits p53-mediated transcription activation. On the contrary, Hdmx was found to counteract the degradation of p53 by Mdm2, and to stabilize both p53 and Mdm2. The RING finger of Hdmx was found to be necessary and sufficient for this stabilization, and it probably involves hetero-oligomerization with the RING finger of Mdm2, which may lead to inhibition of Mdm2's ubiquitin ligase activity. However, Hdmx does not relieve the inhibition by Mdm2 of transcription activation by p53, probably due to the formation of a trimeric complex consisting of Hdmx, Mdm2, and p53. We propose a model in which Hdmx secures a pool of largely inactive p53, which, upon the induction of stress, can be quickly activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Stad
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Center for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9503, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scharnhorst V, Menke AL, Attema J, Haneveld JK, Riteco N, van Steenbrugge GJ, van der Eb AJ, Jochemsen AG. EGR-1 enhances tumor growth and modulates the effect of the Wilms' tumor 1 gene products on tumorigenicity. Oncogene 2000; 19:791-800. [PMID: 10698497 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor 1 gene (WT1) encodes a transcription factor of the zinc-finger family and is homozygously mutated or deleted in a subset of Wilms' tumors. Through alternative mRNA splicing, the gene is expressed as four main polypeptides that differ by a stretch of 17 amino acids just N-terminal of the four zinc-fingers and three amino acids between zinc fingers 3 and 4. We have previously shown that expression of the WT1(-/-) isoform, lacking both inserts, increases the tumor growth rate of the adenovirus-transformed baby rat kidney (AdBRK) cell line 7C3H2, whereas expression of the WT1(-/+) isoform, lacking the 17aa insert, strongly suppresses the tumorigenic phenotype. In the present study we show that expression of these splice variants does not affect the tumorigenic potential of the similar AdBRK cell line, 7C1T1. In contrast to the 7C3H2 cell line, this AdBRK cell line expresses high endogenous levels of EGR-1 (early growth response-1) protein, a transcription factor structurally related to WT1. Ectopic expression of EGR-1 in the 7C3H2 AdBRK cells significantly increases their in vivo growth rate and nullifies the tumor suppressor activity of the WT1(-/+) protein. Furthermore, we find that EGR-1 levels are elevated in some Wilms' tumors. These data are the first to show that EGR-1 overexpression causes enhanced tumor growth and that WT1 and EGR-1 exert antagonizing effects on growth regulation in baby rat kidney cells, which might reflect the situation in some Wilms' tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Scharnhorst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shang C, Attema J, Cakouros D, Cockerill PN, Shannon MF. Nuclear factor of activated T cells contributes to the function of the CD28 response region of the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor promoter. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1945-56. [PMID: 10590260 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.12.1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promoter contains a 10 bp element known as CK-1 or CD28RE that specifically responds to the co-stimulatory signal delivered to T cells via the CD28 surface receptor. This element is a variant NFkappaB site that does not function alone but requires an adjacent promoter region that includes a classical NFkappaB element, an Sp-1 site and a putative activator protein-1 (AP-1)-like binding site. The entire region is referred to as the CD28 response region (CD28RR). The GM-CSF CK-1 element has been shown to bind NFkappaB proteins, in particular c-Rel, whose binding and function is dependent on the architectural transcription factor HMGI(Y). It has been previously suggested that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family of proteins also plays a role in the activity of this region. We show here that recombinant NFATp but not AP-1 can bind to the GM-CSF CD28RR. NFATp present in activated Jurkat T cell extracts can also interact with the CD28RR. The binding of NFATp and Rel proteins requires the same core CK-1 sequences, and appears to be mutually exclusive. We investigated the functional significance of NFATp binding to CK-1 by overexpressing the protein in Jurkat T cells and found that NFATp cannot activate the CD28RR alone but can cooperate with signals generated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/calcium ionophore. The CD28RR is therefore a complex region that can bind and respond to a combination of transcription factors and signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Shang
- Division of Human Immunology, Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The ability of CD4- T helper (Th) cells to differentiate into two phenotypes distinguished by their cytokine profile is a major determinant of the type of immune response elicited by bacterial, viral or parasitic infections. The development of Th1 cells is associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immune responses while Th2 responses are associated with humoral immunity and allergic inflammation. While these phenotypes exist at the extremes of the immune response and are associated with pathological conditions, there is an enormous plasticity that allows reversibility and the development of a wide array of cytokine profiles. There has been considerable interest in determining the signals and transcription factors that govern the differential production of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines. There are now several candidate transcription factors that may play a role in skewing the cytokine profile in a distinct direction. Because of the plasticity of the system, these transcription factors must be able to respond to environmental signals in a very subtle manner and not simply be on/off switches for expression of the cytokine genes. The architectural transcription factor high mobility group (HMG) I(Y) is a modulator of the function of many of the transcription factors that control cytokine gene transcription. HMGI(Y) appears to play either a positive or negative role depending on the cytokine promoter and its ratio to other transcription factors. It is proposed that HMGI(Y) may have a role in regulating the production of cytokines in favour of a given immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Shannon
- Division of Human Immunology, Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schaapveld RQ, Schepens JT, Robinson GW, Attema J, Oerlemans FT, Fransen JA, Streuli M, Wieringa B, Hennighausen L, Hendriks WJ. Impaired mammary gland development and function in mice lacking LAR receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase activity. Dev Biol 1997; 188:134-46. [PMID: 9245518 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The LAR receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase is composed of two intracellular tyrosine phosphatase domains and a cell adhesion molecule-like extracellular region containing three immunoglubulin-like domains in combination with eight fibronectin type-III-like repeats. This architecture suggests that LAR may function in cellular signalling by the regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation through cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions. We used gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells to generate mice lacking sequences encoding both LAR phosphatase domains. Northern blot analysis of various tissues revealed the presence of a truncated LAR mRNA lacking the cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase domains and indicated that this LAR mutation is not accompanied by obvious changes in the expression levels of one of the LAR-like receptor tyrosine phosphatases PTPdelta or PTPsigma. LAR-/- mice develop and grow normally and display no appreciable histological tissue abnormalities. However, upon breeding we observed an abnormal neonatal death rate for pups from LAR-/- females. Mammary glands of LAR-/- females were incapable of delivering milk due to an impaired terminal differentiation of alveoli at late pregnancy. As a result, the glands failed to switch to a lactational state and showed a rapid involution postpartum. In wild-type mice, LAR expression is regulated during pregnancy reaching maximum levels around Day 16 of gestation. Taken together, these findings suggest an important role for LAR-mediated signalling in mammary gland development and function.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Differentiation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Targeting
- Histocytochemistry
- Lactation
- Male
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nerve Tissue Proteins
- Pregnancy
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Q Schaapveld
- Institute of Cellular Signalling, University of Nijmegen, Adelbertusplein 1, Nijmegen, 6525 EK, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|