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Chandel AS, Keseroglu K, Özbudak EM. Oscillatory control of embryonic development. Development 2024; 151:dev202191. [PMID: 38727565 PMCID: PMC11128281 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Proper embryonic development depends on the timely progression of a genetic program. One of the key mechanisms for achieving precise control of developmental timing is to use gene expression oscillations. In this Review, we examine how gene expression oscillations encode temporal information during vertebrate embryonic development by discussing the gene expression oscillations occurring during somitogenesis, neurogenesis, myogenesis and pancreas development. These oscillations play important but varied physiological functions in different contexts. Oscillations control the period of somite formation during somitogenesis, whereas they regulate the proliferation-to-differentiation switch of stem cells and progenitor cells during neurogenesis, myogenesis and pancreas development. We describe the similarities and differences of the expression pattern in space (i.e. whether oscillations are synchronous or asynchronous across neighboring cells) and in time (i.e. different time scales) of mammalian Hes/zebrafish Her genes and their targets in different tissues. We further summarize experimental evidence for the functional role of their oscillations. Finally, we discuss the outstanding questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angad Singh Chandel
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Systems Biology and Physiology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kemal Keseroglu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ertuğrul M. Özbudak
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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2
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Yin Y, He GJ, Hu S, Tse EHY, Cheung TH. Muscle stem cell niche dynamics during muscle homeostasis and regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:151-177. [PMID: 38670704 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The process of skeletal muscle regeneration involves a coordinated interplay of specific cellular and molecular interactions within the injury site. This review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular components in regenerating skeletal muscle, focusing on how these cells or molecules in the niche regulate muscle stem cell functions. Dysfunctions of muscle stem cell-to-niche cell communications during aging and disease will also be discussed. A better understanding of how niche cells coordinate with muscle stem cells for muscle repair will greatly aid the development of therapeutic strategies for treating muscle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Gary J He
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shenyuan Hu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Erin H Y Tse
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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3
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Maeda Y, Kageyama R. The significance of ultradian oscillations in development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102180. [PMID: 38522266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Genes regulating developmental processes have been identified, but the mechanisms underlying their expression with the correct timing are still under investigation. Several genes show oscillatory expression that regulates the timing of developmental processes, such as somitogenesis and neurogenesis. These oscillations are also important for other developmental processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we discuss the significance of oscillatory gene expression in developmental time and other forms of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maeda
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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Lukas F, Matthaeus C, López-Hernández T, Lahmann I, Schultz N, Lehmann M, Puchkov D, Pielage J, Haucke V, Maritzen T. Canonical and non-canonical integrin-based adhesions dynamically interconvert. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2093. [PMID: 38453931 PMCID: PMC10920918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adhesions are critical for anchoring cells in their environment, as signaling platforms and for cell migration. In line with these diverse functions different types of cell-matrix adhesions have been described. Best-studied are the canonical integrin-based focal adhesions. In addition, non-canonical integrin adhesions lacking focal adhesion proteins have been discovered. These include reticular adhesions also known as clathrin plaques or flat clathrin lattices, that are enriched in clathrin and other endocytic proteins, as well as extensive adhesion networks and retraction fibers. How these different adhesion types that share a common integrin backbone are related and whether they can interconvert is unknown. Here, we identify the protein stonin1 as a marker for non-canonical αVβ5 integrin-based adhesions and demonstrate by live cell imaging that canonical and non-canonical adhesions can reciprocally interconvert by the selective exchange of components on a stable αVβ5 integrin scaffold. Hence, non-canonical adhesions can serve as points of origin for the generation of canonical focal adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Lukas
- Department for Nanophysiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Motility Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Matthaeus
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department for Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tania López-Hernández
- Department for Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ines Lahmann
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Schultz
- Department for Nanophysiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Cellular Imaging Facility, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Cellular Imaging Facility, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Pielage
- Department for Zoology and Neurobiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Department for Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Department for Nanophysiology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Motility Group, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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Liu G, Wei J, Xiao W, Xie W, Ru Q, Chen L, Wu Y, Mobasheri A, Li Y. Insights into the Notch signaling pathway in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders: Mechanisms and perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115884. [PMID: 37981460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative musculoskeletal disorders are a group of age-related diseases of the locomotive system that severely affects the patient's ability to work and cause adverse sequalae such as fractures and even death. The incidence and prevalence of degenerative musculoskeletal disorders is rising owing to the aging of the world's population. The Notch signaling pathway, which is expressed in almost all organ systems, extensively regulates cell proliferation and differentiation as well as cellular fate. Notch signaling shows increased activity in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders and retards the progression of degeneration to some extent. The review focuses on four major degenerative musculoskeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia) and summarizes the pathophysiological functions of Notch signaling in these disorders, especially its role in stem/progenitor cells in each disorder. Finally, a conclusion will be presented to explore the research and application of the perspectives on Notch signaling in degenerative musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qin Ru
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Clinical Medical School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.
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Caven L, Carabeo R. Chlamydial YAP activation in host endocervical epithelial cells mediates pro-fibrotic paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts. mSystems 2023; 8:e0090423. [PMID: 37874141 PMCID: PMC10734534 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00904-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chronic or repeated infection of the female upper genital tract by C. trachomatis can lead to severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. In this report, we define a transcriptional program specific to C. trachomatis infection of the upper genital tract, identifying tissue-specific induction of host YAP-a pro-fibrotic transcriptional cofactor-as a potential driver of infection-mediated fibrotic gene expression. Furthermore, we show that infected endocervical epithelial cells stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts and implicate chlamydial induction of YAP in this effect. Our results define a mechanism by which infection mediates tissue-level fibrotic pathology via paracrine signaling and identify YAP as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of Chlamydia-associated scarring of the female genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Caven
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Rey Carabeo
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Chun HJ, Ali S, Lim JH, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Choi I. Extracellular matrix: the critical contributor to skeletal muscle regeneration-a comprehensive review. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:58. [PMID: 38008778 PMCID: PMC10680355 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative ability of skeletal muscle (SM) in response to damage, injury, or disease is a highly intricate process that involves the coordinated activities of multiple cell types and biomolecular factors. Of these, extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered a fundamental component of SM regenerative ability. This review briefly discusses SM myogenesis and regeneration, the roles played by muscle satellite cells (MSCs), other cells, and ECM components, and the effects of their dysregulations on these processes. In addition, we review the various types of ECM scaffolds and biomaterials used for SM regeneration, their applications, recent advances in ECM scaffold research, and their impacts on tissue engineering and SM regeneration, especially in the context of severe muscle injury, which frequently results in substantial muscle loss and impaired regenerative capacity. This review was undertaken to provide a comprehensive overview of SM myogenesis and regeneration, the stem cells used for muscle regeneration, the significance of ECM in SM regeneration, and to enhance understanding of the essential role of the ECM scaffold during SM regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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Mierzejewski B, Grabowska I, Michalska Z, Zdunczyk K, Zareba F, Irhashava A, Chrzaszcz M, Patrycy M, Streminska W, Janczyk-Ilach K, Koblowska M, Iwanicka-Nowicka R, Gromadka A, Kowalski K, Ciemerych MA, Brzoska E. SDF-1 and NOTCH signaling in myogenic cell differentiation: the role of miRNA10a, 425, and 5100. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:204. [PMID: 37582765 PMCID: PMC10426160 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process regulated by many cytokines and growth factors. Among the important signaling pathways regulating the myogenic cell identity are these involving SDF-1 and NOTCH. SDF-1 participates in cell mobilization and acts as an important chemoattractant. NOTCH, on the other hand, controls cell activation and myogenic determination of satellite cells. Knowledge about the interaction between SDF-1 and NOTCH signaling is limited. METHODS We analyzed two populations of myogenic cells isolated from mouse skeletal muscle, that is, myoblasts derived from satellite cells (SCs) and muscle interstitial progenitor cells (MIPCs). First, microRNA level changes in response to SDF-1 treatment were analyzed with next-generation sequencing (NGS). Second, myogenic cells, i.e., SC-derived myoblasts and MIPCs were transfected with miRNA mimics, selected on the basis of NGS results, or their inhibitors. Transcriptional changes, as well as proliferation, migration, and differentiation abilities of SC-derived myoblasts and MIPCs, were analyzed in vitro. Naive myogenic potential was assessed in vivo, using subcutaneous engrafts and analysis of cell contribution to regeneration of the skeletal muscles. RESULTS SDF-1 treatment led to down-regulation of miR10a, miR151, miR425, and miR5100 in myoblasts. Interestingly, miR10a, miR425, and miR5100 regulated the expression of factors involved in the NOTCH signaling pathway, including Dll1, Jag2, and NICD. Furthermore, miR10a, miR425, and miR5100 down-regulated the expression of factors involved in cell migration: Acta1, MMP12, and FAK, myogenic differentiation: Pax7, Myf5, Myod, Mef2c, Myog, Musk, and Myh3. However, these changes did not significantly affect myogenic cell migration or fusion either in vitro or in vivo, except when miR425 was overexpressed, or miR5100 inhibitor was used. These two molecules increased the fusion of MIPCs and myoblasts, respectively. Furthermore, miR425-transfected MIPC transplantation into injured skeletal muscle resulted in more efficient regeneration, compared to control cell transplantation. However, skeletal muscles that were injected with miR10a transfected myoblasts regenerated less efficiently. CONCLUSIONS SDF-1 down-regulates miR10a, miR425, and miR5100, what could affect NOTCH signaling, differentiation of myogenic cells, and their participation in skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Michalska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Zdunczyk
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Franciszek Zareba
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aliksandra Irhashava
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Chrzaszcz
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Patrycy
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wladyslawa Streminska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Janczyk-Ilach
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Koblowska
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roksana Iwanicka-Nowicka
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Microarray Analysis, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gromadka
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kowalski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Anna Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Brzoska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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Caven L, Carabeo R. Chlamydial YAP activation in host endocervical epithelial cells mediates pro-fibrotic paracrine stimulation of fibroblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542940. [PMID: 37398163 PMCID: PMC10312526 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection of the female genital tract by Chlamydia trachomatis can produce severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. While infection demonstrably mediates a pro-fibrotic response in host cells, it remains unclear if intrinsic properties of the upper genital tract exacerbate chlamydial fibrosis. The relatively sterile environment of the upper genital tract is primed for a pro-inflammatory response to infection, potentially enhancing fibrosis - however, subclinical C. trachomatis infections still develop fibrosis-related sequelae. Here, we compare infection-associated and steady-state gene expression of primary human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells. In the former, we observe enhanced baseline expression and infection-mediated induction of fibrosis-associated signal factors (e.g. TGFA , IL6 , IL8 , IL20 ), implying predisposition to Chlamydia -associated pro-fibrotic signaling. Transcription factor enrichment analysis identified regulatory targets of YAP, a transcriptional cofactor induced by infection of cervical epithelial cells, but not vaginal epithelial cells. YAP target genes induced by infection include secreted fibroblast-activating signal factors; therefore, we developed an in vitro model involving coculture of infected endocervical epithelial cells with uninfected fibroblasts. Coculture enhanced fibroblast expression of type I collagen, as well as prompting reproducible (albeit statistically insignificant) induction of α-smooth muscle actin. Fibroblast collagen induction was sensitive to siRNA-mediated YAP knockdown in infected epithelial cells, implicating chlamydial YAP activation in this effect. Collectively, our results present a novel mechanism of fibrosis initiated by Chlamydia, wherein infection-mediated induction of host YAP facilitates pro-fibrotic intercellular communication. Chlamydial YAP activation in cervical epithelial cells is thus a determinant of this tissue's susceptibility to fibrosis. Importance Chronic or repeated infection of the female upper genital tract by C. trachomatis can lead to severe fibrotic sequelae, including tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. In this report, we define a transcriptional program specific to C. trachomatis infection of the upper genital tract, identifying tissue-specific induction of host YAP - a pro-fibrotic transcriptional cofactor - as a potential driver of infection-mediated fibrotic gene expression. Further, we show that infected endocervical epithelial cells stimulate collagen production by fibroblasts, and implicate chlamydial induction of YAP in this effect. Our results define a mechanism by which infection mediates tissue-level fibrotic pathology via paracrine signaling, and identify YAP as a potential therapeutic target for prevention of Chlamydia -associated scarring of the female genital tract.
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10
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Maeda Y, Isomura A, Masaki T, Kageyama R. Differential cell-cycle control by oscillatory versus sustained Hes1 expression via p21. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112520. [PMID: 37200191 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory Hes1 expression activates cell proliferation, while high and sustained Hes1 expression induces quiescence, but the mechanism by which Hes1 differentially controls cell proliferation depending on its expression dynamics is unclear. Here, we show that oscillatory Hes1 expression down-regulates the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (Cdkn1a), which delays cell-cycle progression, and thereby activates the proliferation of mouse neural stem cells (NSCs). By contrast, sustained Hes1 overexpression up-regulates p21 expression and inhibits NSC proliferation, although it initially down-regulates p21 expression. Compared with Hes1 oscillation, sustained Hes1 overexpression represses Dusp7, a phosphatase for phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk), and increases the levels of p-Erk, which can up-regulate p21 expression. These results indicate that p21 expression is directly repressed by oscillatory Hes1 expression, but indirectly up-regulated by sustained Hes1 overexpression, suggesting that depending on its expression dynamics, Hes1 differentially controls NSC proliferation via p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maeda
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Isomura
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taimu Masaki
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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11
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Suroto H, Wardana GR, Sugianto JA, Aprilya D, Samijo S. Time to surgery and myo-d expression in biceps muscle of adult brachial plexus injury: a preliminary study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:51. [PMID: 37055794 PMCID: PMC10103435 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) is one of the peripheral nerve injuries which causes severe functional impairment and disability. Without prompt treatment, prolonged denervation will cause severe muscle atrophy. MyoD, which is expressed by satellite cells, is one of the parameters that relate to the regeneration process in post-injury muscle and it is presumed to determine the clinical outcome following neurotization procedure. This study aims to understand the correlation between time to surgery (TTS) and MyoD expression in satellite cells in the biceps muscle of adult brachial plexus injury patients. METHODS Analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. All patients with BPI who underwent surgery between May 2013 and December 2015 were included. Muscle biopsy was taken and stained using immunohistochemistry for MyoD expression. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between MyoD expression with TTS and with age. RESULTS Twenty-two biceps muscle samples were examined. Most patients are males (81.8%) with an average age of 25.5 years. MyoD expression was found to be highest at TTS of 4 months and then dropped significantly (and plateau) from 9 to 36 months. MyoD expression is significantly correlated with TTS (r=-0.895; p = 0.00) but not with age (r=-0.294; p = 0.184). CONCLUSION Our study found, from the cellular point of view, that treatment of BPI needs to be done as early as possible before the regenerative potential - as indicated by MyoD expression - declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heri Suroto
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia.
- Cell and Tissue Bank-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Gestana Retaha Wardana
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Julius Albert Sugianto
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Dina Aprilya
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, Siloam Agora Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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12
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Yeh CJ, Sattler KM, Lepper C. Molecular regulation of satellite cells via intercellular signaling. Gene 2023; 858:147172. [PMID: 36621659 PMCID: PMC9928918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are tissue-specific reserve cells tasked to sustain tissue homeostasis in adulthood and/or effect tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. The stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue are the satellite cells, which were originally described and named after their localization beneath the muscle fiber lamina and attached to the multi-nucleated muscle fibers. During adult homeostasis, satellite cells are maintained in quiescence, a state of reversible cell cycle arrest. Yet, upon injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, becoming highly mitotically active to generate large numbers of myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate the injured muscle fibers. A subset self-renews to replenish the pool of muscle stem cells.Complex intrinsic gene regulatory networks maintain the quiescent state of satellite cells, or upon injury, direct their activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Molecular cues from the satellite cells' environment provide the essential information as to when and where satellite cells are to stay quiescent or break quiescence and effect regenerative myogenesis. Predominantly, these cues are secreted, diffusible or membrane-bound ligands that bind to and activate their specific cognate receptors on the satellite cell to activate downstream signaling cascades and elicit context-specific cell behavior. This review aims to offer a concise overview of major intercellular signaling pathways regulating satellite cells during quiescence and in injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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13
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Kageyama R, Isomura A, Shimojo H. Biological Significance of the Coupling Delay in Synchronized Oscillations. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36256636 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of the coupling delay, which is the time required for interactions between coupled oscillators, in various oscillatory dynamics has been investigated mathematically for more than three decades, but its biological significance has been revealed only recently. In the segmentation clock, which regulates the periodic formation of somites in embryos, Hes7 expression oscillates synchronously between neighboring presomitic mesoderm (PSM) cells, and this synchronized oscillation is controlled by Notch signaling-mediated coupling between PSM cells. Recent studies have shown that inappropriate coupling delays dampen and desynchronize Hes7 oscillations, as simulated mathematically, leading to the severe fusion of somites and somite-derived tissues such as the vertebrae and ribs. These results indicate the biological significance of the coupling delay in synchronized Hes7 oscillations in the segmentation clock. The recent development of an in vitro PSM-like system will facilitate the detailed analysis of the coupling delay in synchronized oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichiro Kageyama
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Isomura
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Kuntawala DH, Martins F, Vitorino R, Rebelo S. Automatic Text-Mining Approach to Identify Molecular Target Candidates Associated with Metabolic Processes for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2283. [PMID: 36767649 PMCID: PMC9915907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects skeletal muscle, resulting in myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness, and atrophy, but also affects other tissues and systems, such as the heart and central nervous system. Despite some studies reporting therapeutic strategies for DM1, many issues remain unsolved, such as the contribution of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunctions to DM1 pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular target candidates associated with metabolic processes for DM1. In this study, resorting to a bibliometric analysis, articles combining DM1, and metabolic/metabolism terms were identified and further analyzed using an unbiased strategy of automatic text mining with VOSviewer software. A list of candidate molecular targets for DM1 associated with metabolic/metabolism was generated and compared with genes previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, g:Profiler was used to perform a functional enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) and REAC databases. Enriched signaling pathways were identified using integrated bioinformatics enrichment analyses. The results revealed that only 15 of the genes identified in the bibliometric analysis were previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Of note, we identified 71 genes not previously associated with DM1, which are of particular interest and should be further explored. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that regulation of cellular metabolic and metabolic processes were the most associated biological processes. Additionally, a number of signaling pathways were found to be enriched, e.g., signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling by NRTK1 (TRKA), TRKA activation by NGF, PI3K-AKT activation, prolonged ERK activation events, and axon guidance. Overall, several valuable target candidates related to metabolic processes for DM1 were identified, such as NGF, NTRK1, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, DAG, ACTA, ID1, ID2 MYOD, and MYOG. Therefore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that metabolic dysfunctions contribute to DM1 pathogenesis, and the exploitation of metabolic dysfunction targets is crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions for DM1.
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15
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Lahmann I, Birchmeier C. Visualizing MyoD Oscillations in Muscle Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:259-276. [PMID: 36995601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factor MyoD is a master regulator of myogenic differentiation, and its sustained expression in fibroblasts suffices to differentiate them into muscle cells. MyoD expression oscillates in activated muscle stem cells of developing, postnatal and adult muscle under various conditions: when the stem cells are dispersed in culture, when they remain associated with single muscle fibers, or when they reside in muscle biopsies. The oscillatory period is around 3 h and thus much shorter than the cell cycle or circadian rhythm. Unstable MyoD oscillations and long periods of sustained MyoD expression are observed when stem cells undergo myogenic differentiation. The oscillatory expression of MyoD is driven by the oscillatory expression of the bHLH transcription factor Hes1 that periodically represses MyoD. Ablation of the Hes1 oscillator interferes with stable MyoD oscillations and leads to prolonged periods of sustained MyoD expression. This interferes with the maintenance of activated muscle stem cells and impairs muscle growth and repair. Thus, oscillations of MyoD and Hes1 control the balance between the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells. Here, we describe time-lapse imaging methods using luciferase reporters, which can monitor dynamic MyoD gene expression in myogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lahmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Berlin, Germany
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungzentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, Berlin, Germany.
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungzentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Identification of Key Genes and Biological Pathways Associated with Skeletal Muscle Maturation and Hypertrophy in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243471. [PMID: 36552391 PMCID: PMC9774933 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to identify the major genes and pathways involved in the process of hypertrophy and skeletal muscle maturation that is common for Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa species. Gene expression profiles related to Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa muscle, with accession numbers GSE44030, GSE23563, and GSE38518, respectively, were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using the Limma package of R software. Genes with Fold Change > 2 and an adjusted p-value < 0.05 were identified as significantly different between two treatments in each species. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Moreover, hub genes were detected by creating a protein−protein interaction network (PPI). The results of the analysis in Bos taurus showed that in the period of 280 dpc−3-months old, a total of 1839 genes showed a significant difference. In Ovis aries, however, during the period of 135dpc−2-months old, a total of 486 genes were significantly different. Additionally, in the 91 dpc−adult period, a total of 2949 genes were significantly different in Sus scrofa. The results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GO function annotation in each species separately revealed that in Bos taurus, DEGs were mainly enriched through skeletal muscle fiber development and skeletal muscle contraction, and the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, PPAR signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. In Ovis aries, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating cell growth, skeletal muscle fiber development, the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, skeletal muscle cell differentiation, and the PI3K-Akt signaling, HIF-1 signaling, and Rap1 signaling pathways. In Sus scrofa, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating striated muscle tissue development, the negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation and myoblast differentiation, and the HIF-1 signaling, AMPK signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Using a Venn diagram, 36 common DEGs were identified between Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa. A biological pathways analysis of 36 common DEGs in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa allowed for the identification of common pathways/biological processes, such as myoblast differentiation, the regulation of muscle cell differentiation, and positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, that orchestrated the development and maturation of skeletal muscle. As a result, hub genes were identified, including PPARGC1A, MYOD1, EPAS1, IGF2, CXCR4, and APOA1, in all examined species. This study provided a better understanding of the relationships between genes and their biological pathways in the skeletal muscle maturation process.
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17
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Porpiglia E, Blau HM. Plasticity of muscle stem cells in homeostasis and aging. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 77:101999. [PMID: 36308777 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We are living longer, but our healthspan has not increased. The goal of regenerative medicine is to increase quality of life through an understanding of the cellular and molecular processes that underlie effective tissue repair in order to restore damaged tissues. The drivers of muscle regeneration are the muscle stem cells that cycle between quiescent and activated states to meet tissue regenerative demands. Here we review recent findings on the role of the niche, or tissue microenvironment, in the modulation of muscle stem cell plasticity and the mechanisms responsible for the drastic loss of stem cell function with aging. These new studies unveil fundamental mechanisms of stem cell plasticity with broad relevance to other tissues and lay the foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies to boost the regenerative potential of aged muscle stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Porpiglia
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark. https://twitter.com/richlopez41
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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18
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Mohawk impedes angiofibrosis by preventing the differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells into myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20003. [PMID: 36411329 PMCID: PMC9678895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult tendons heal via fibrovascular scarring with inferior biomechanical properties. Mohawk (Mkx) emerged as a pivotal actor in tenolineage commitment. However, its precise function in tendinopathy remains poorly understood. This study investigates the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Mkx' role in fibrovascular healing. Human samples were collected to test fibrovascular markers. We then performed RNAseq on Mkx-/- mice compared to their wild type littermates to decipher Mkx regulome. We therefore sought to reproduce TSPCs transition to myofibroblasts in-vitro by over-expressing MyoD and followed by phenotypic and experimental cells' characterization using microscopy, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry sorting, presto-blue cell viability assay and immunofluorescence. Two different in vivo models were used to assess the effect of the MyoD-expressing myofibroblasts: transplantation in the dorsal area of immunodeficient mice and in an adult Achilles tendon injury model. To prevent angiofibrosis, we tested the molecule Xav939 and proceeded with histological stainings, q-RT PCR transcriptional quantification of angifibrotic markers, mechanical tests, and immunofluorescence. Tendinopathy samples showed fibrovascular healing with decreased tenolineage phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of Mkx-/- tendons revealed myofibroblast-associated biological processes. Over-expression of MyoD in WT tendon stem progenitor cells (TSPCs) gave rise to myofibroblasts reprogramming in-vitro and fibrovascular scarring in-vivo. MKX directly binds to MyoD promoter and underlies global regulative processes related to angiogenesis and Wnt signaling pathway. Blocking Wnt signaling with the small molecule Xav393 resulted in higher histological and biomechanical properties. Taken together, our data provide the first in vivo and in-vitro evidence of tendon stem progenitor cells to myofibroblasts transition and show improved tendon healing via angiofibrosis modulation, thus opening potential therapeutic avenues to treat tendinopathy patients.
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19
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Saini SK, Pérez‐Cremades D, Cheng HS, Kosmac K, Peterson CA, Li L, Tian L, Dong G, Wu KK, Bouverat B, Wohlgemuth SE, Ryan T, Sufit RL, Ferrucci L, McDermott MM, Leeuwenburgh C, Feinberg MW. Dysregulated Genes, MicroRNAs, Biological Pathways, and Gastrocnemius Muscle Fiber Types Associated With Progression of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Preliminary Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023085. [PMID: 36300658 PMCID: PMC9673627 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with gastrocnemius muscle abnormalities. However, the biological pathways associated with gastrocnemius muscle dysfunction and their associations with progression of PAD are largely unknown. This study characterized differential gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in gastrocnemius biopsies from people without PAD compared with those with PAD. Participants with PAD included those with and without PAD progression. Methods and Results mRNA and miRNA sequencing were performed to identify differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed miRNAs, mRNA-miRNA interactions, and associated biological pathways for 3 sets of comparisons: (1) PAD progression (n=7) versus non-PAD (n=7); (2) PAD no progression (n=6) versus non-PAD; and (3) PAD progression versus PAD no progression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine gastrocnemius muscle fiber types and muscle fiber size. Differentially expressed genes and differentially expressed miRNAs were more abundant in the comparison of PAD progression versus non-PAD compared with PAD with versus without progression. Among the top significant cellular pathways in subjects with PAD progression were muscle contraction or development, transforming growth factor-beta, growth/differentiation factor, and activin signaling, inflammation, cellular senescence, and notch signaling. Subjects with PAD progression had increased frequency of smaller Type 2a gastrocnemius muscle fibers in exploratory analyses. Conclusions Humans with PAD progression exhibited greater differences in the number of gene and miRNA expression, biological pathways, and Type 2a muscle fiber size compared with those without PAD. Fewer differences were observed between people with PAD without progression and control patients without PAD. Further study is needed to confirm whether the identified transcripts may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and progression of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Saini
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of BiophysicsNew DelhiIndia
| | - Daniel Pérez‐Cremades
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | - Henry S. Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Kate Kosmac
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Gengfu Dong
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Kevin K. Wu
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Brian Bouverat
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Terence Ryan
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of FloridaGainesvilleFL
| | - Robert L. Sufit
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on AgingBaltimoreMD
| | - Mary M. McDermott
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Institute on AgingGainesvilleFL
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
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20
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Casani-Galdon P, Garcia-Ojalvo J. Signaling oscillations: Molecular mechanisms and functional roles. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 78:102130. [PMID: 36130445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that oscillatory activity is widespread in cell signaling. Here, we review some of this recent evidence, focusing on both the molecular mechanisms that potentially underlie such dynamical behavior, and the potential advantages that signaling oscillations might have in cell function. The biological processes considered include cellular differentiation and tissue maintenance, intermittent responses in pluripotent stem cells, and collective cell migration during wound healing. With the aid of mathematical modeling, we review recent examples in which delayed negative feedback has been seen to act as a unifying principle that underpins this wide variety of phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Casani-Galdon
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Kovach AR, Oristian KM, Kirsch DG, Bentley RC, Cheng C, Chen X, Chen P, Chi JA, Linardic CM. Identification and targeting of a
HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C
functional interaction in fusion‐negative rhabdomyosarcoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3587-3605. [PMID: 36037042 PMCID: PMC9580881 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a cancer characterized by features of skeletal muscle, is the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma of childhood. With 5‐year survival rates among high‐risk groups at < 30%, new therapeutics are desperately needed. Previously, using a myoblast‐based model of fusion‐negative RMS (FN‐RMS), we found that expression of the Hippo pathway effector transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (YAP1) permitted senescence bypass and subsequent transformation to malignant cells, mimicking FN‐RMS. We also found that YAP1 engages in a positive feedback loop with Notch signaling to promote FN‐RMS tumorigenesis. However, we could not identify an immediate downstream impact of this Hippo‐Notch relationship. Here, we identify a HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C functional interaction, and show that knockdown of the Notch effector HES1 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1) impairs growth of multiple FN‐RMS cell lines, with knockdown resulting in decreased YAP1 and increased CDKN1C expression. In silico mining of published proteomic and transcriptomic profiles of human RMS patient‐derived xenografts revealed the same pattern of HES1‐YAP1‐CDKN1C expression. Treatment of FN‐RMS cells in vitro with the recently described HES1 small‐molecule inhibitor, JI130, limited FN‐RMS cell growth. Inhibition of HES1 in vivo via conditional expression of a HES1‐directed shRNA or JI130 dosing impaired FN‐RMS tumor xenograft growth. Lastly, targeted transcriptomic profiling of FN‐RMS xenografts in the context of HES1 suppression identified associations between HES1 and RAS‐MAPK signaling. In summary, these in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies support the further investigation of HES1 as a therapeutic target in FN‐RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Kovach
- Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Kristianne M Oristian
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Rex C Bentley
- Department of Pathology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Changde Cheng
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA
| | - Po‐Han Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Jen‐Tsan Ashley Chi
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA
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22
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Shirakawa T, Toyono T, Inoue A, Matsubara T, Kawamoto T, Kokabu S. Factors Regulating or Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors in Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091493. [PMID: 35563799 PMCID: PMC9104119 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MyoD, Myf5, myogenin, and MRF4 (also known as Myf6 or herculin) are myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). MRFs are regarded as master transcription factors that are upregulated during myogenesis and influence stem cells to differentiate into myogenic lineage cells. In this review, we summarize MRFs, their regulatory factors, such as TLE3, NF-κB, and MRF target genes, including non-myogenic genes such as taste receptors. Understanding the function of MRFs and the physiology or pathology of satellite cells will contribute to the development of cell therapy and drug discovery for muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Shirakawa
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takashi Toyono
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Asako Inoue
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; (T.S.); (A.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-582-1131; Fax: +81-93-285-6000
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23
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The Notch signaling network in muscle stem cells during development, homeostasis, and disease. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 35459219 PMCID: PMC9027478 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells have a central role in muscle growth and regeneration. They reside as quiescent cells in resting muscle and in response to damage they transiently amplify and fuse to produce new myofibers or self-renew to replenish the stem cell pool. A signaling pathway that is critical in the regulation of all these processes is Notch. Despite the major differences in the anatomical and cellular niches between the embryonic myotome, the adult sarcolemma/basement-membrane interphase, and the regenerating muscle, Notch signaling has evolved to support the context-specific requirements of the muscle cells. In this review, we discuss the diverse ways by which Notch signaling factors and other modifying partners are operating during the lifetime of muscle stem cells to establish an adaptive dynamic network.
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24
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Fujimaki S, Matsumoto T, Muramatsu M, Nagahisa H, Horii N, Seko D, Masuda S, Wang X, Asakura Y, Takahashi Y, Miyamoto Y, Usuki S, Yasunaga KI, Kamei Y, Nishinakamura R, Minami T, Fukuda T, Asakura A, Ono Y. The endothelial Dll4-muscular Notch2 axis regulates skeletal muscle mass. Nat Metab 2022; 4:180-189. [PMID: 35228746 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue that readily reduces or gains its mass in response to mechanical and metabolic stimulation; however, the upstream mechanisms that control muscle mass remain unclear. Notch signalling is highly conserved, and regulates many cellular events, including proliferation and differentiation of various types of tissue stem cell via cell-cell contact. Here we reveal that multinucleated myofibres express Notch2, which plays a crucial role in disuse- or diabetes-induced muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, in both atrophic conditions, the microvascular endothelium upregulates and releases the Notch ligand, Dll4, which then activates muscular Notch2 without direct cell-cell contact. Inhibition of the Dll4-Notch2 axis substantively prevents these muscle atrophy and promotes mechanical overloading-induced muscle hypertrophy in mice. Our results illuminate a tissue-specific function of the endothelium in controlling tissue plasticity and highlight the endothelial Dll4-muscular Notch2 axis as a central upstream mechanism that regulates catabolic signals from mechanical and metabolic stimulation, providing a therapeutic target for muscle-wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Fujimaki
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsumoto
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Muramatsu
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagahisa
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Horii
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daiki Seko
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Masuda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yukie Takahashi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Miyamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Usuki
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Yasunaga
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
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25
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Pfeuty B. Multistability and transitions between spatiotemporal patterns through versatile Notch-Hes signaling. J Theor Biol 2022; 539:111060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Esteves de Lima J, Blavet C, Bonnin MA, Hirsinger E, Havis E, Relaix F, Duprez D. TMEM8C-mediated fusion is regionalized and regulated by NOTCH signalling during foetal myogenesis. Development 2022; 149:274065. [PMID: 35005776 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The location and regulation of fusion events within skeletal muscles during development remain unknown. Using the fusion marker myomaker (Mymk), named TMEM8C in chicken, as a readout of fusion, we identified a co-segregation of TMEM8C-positive cells and MYOG-positive cells in single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of limbs from chicken embryos. We found that TMEM8C transcripts, MYOG transcripts and the fusion-competent MYOG-positive cells were preferentially regionalized in central regions of foetal muscles. We also identified a similar regionalization for the gene encoding the NOTCH ligand JAG2 along with an absence of NOTCH activity in TMEM8C+ fusion-competent myocytes. NOTCH function in myoblast fusion had not been addressed so far. We analysed the consequences of NOTCH inhibition for TMEM8C expression and myoblast fusion during foetal myogenesis in chicken embryos. NOTCH inhibition increased myoblast fusion and TMEM8C expression and released the transcriptional repressor HEYL from the TMEM8C regulatory regions. These results identify a regionalization of TMEM8C-dependent fusion and a molecular mechanism underlying the fusion-inhibiting effect of NOTCH in foetal myogenesis. The modulation of NOTCH activity in the fusion zone could regulate the flux of fusion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Esteves de Lima
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Cédrine Blavet
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Ange Bonnin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Hirsinger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Havis
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, CNRS UMR7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
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27
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Satellite Cells Exhibit Decreased Numbers and Impaired Functions on Single Myofibers Isolated from Vitamin B6-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124531. [PMID: 34960083 PMCID: PMC8705767 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research in human studies suggests an association among vitamin B6, sarcopenia, and muscle strength. However, very little is known regarding its potential role at the cellular level, especially in muscle satellite cells. Therefore, to determine whether vitamin B6 affects the satellite cells, we isolated single myofibers from muscles of vitamin B6-deficient and vitamin B6-supplemented mice. Subsequently, we subjected them to single myofiber culture and observed the number and function of the satellite cells, which remained in their niche on the myofibers. Prior to culture, the vitamin B6-deficient myofibers exhibited a significantly lower number of quiescent satellite cells, as compared to that in the vitamin B6-supplemented myofibers, thereby suggesting that vitamin B6 deficiency induces a decline in the quiescent satellite cell pool in mouse muscles. After 48 and 72 h of culture, the number of proliferating satellite cells per cluster was similar between the vitamin B6-deficient and -supplemented myofibers, but their numbers decreased significantly after culturing the myofibers in vitamin B6-free medium. After 72 h of culture, the number of self-renewing satellite cells per cluster was significantly lower in the vitamin B6-deficient myofibers, and the vitamin B6-free medium further decreased this number. In conclusion, vitamin B6 deficiency appears to reduce the number of quiescent satellite cells and suppress the proliferation and self-renewal of satellite cells during myogenesis.
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28
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Lahmann I, Zhang Y, Baum K, Wolf J, Birchmeier C. An oscillatory network controlling self-renewal of skeletal muscle stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112933. [PMID: 34793773 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The balance between proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells is tightly controlled, ensuring the maintenance of a cellular pool needed for muscle growth and repair. Muscle stem cells can proliferate, they can generate differentiating cells, or they self-renew to produce new stem cells. Notch signaling plays a crucial role in this process. Recent studies revealed that expression of the Notch effector HES1 oscillates in activated muscle stem cells. The oscillatory expression of HES1 periodically represses transcription from the genes encoding the myogenic transcription factor MYOD and the Notch ligand DLL1, thereby driving MYOD and DLL1 oscillations. This oscillatory network allows muscle progenitor cells and activated muscle stem cells to remain in a proliferative and 'undecided' state, in which they can either differentiate or self-renew. When HES1 is downregulated, MYOD oscillations become unstable and are replaced by sustained expression, which drives the cells into terminal differentiation. During development and regeneration, proliferating stem cells contact each other and the stability of the oscillatory expression depends on regular DLL1 inputs provided by neighboring cells. In such communities of cells that receive and provide Notch signals, the appropriate timing of DLL1 inputs is important, as sustained DLL1 cannot replace oscillatory DLL1. Thus, in cell communities, DLL1 oscillations ensure the appropriate balance between self-renewal and differentiation. In summary, oscillations in myogenic cells are an important example of dynamic gene expression determining cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lahmann
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungszentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yao Zhang
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Baum
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, 13125, Berlin, Germany; New address: Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, 14482, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana Wolf
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, 13125, Berlin, Germany; Free University Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungszentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction Group, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Kann AP, Hung M, Krauss RS. Cell-cell contact and signaling in the muscle stem cell niche. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 73:78-83. [PMID: 34352725 PMCID: PMC8678169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (also called satellite cells or SCs) rely on their local niche for regulatory signals during homeostasis and regeneration. While a number of cell types communicate indirectly through secreted factors, here we focus on the significance of direct contact between SCs and their neighbors. During quiescence, SCs reside under a basal lamina and receive quiescence-promoting signals from their adjacent skeletal myofibers. Upon injury, the composition of the niche changes substantially, enabling the formation of new contacts that mediate proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. In this review, we summarize the latest work in understanding cell-cell contact within the satellite cell niche and highlight areas of open questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Margaret Hung
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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30
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Gerrard JC, Hay JP, Adams RN, Williams JC, Huot JR, Weathers KM, Marino JS, Arthur ST. Current Thoughts of Notch's Role in Myoblast Regulation and Muscle-Associated Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312558. [PMID: 34886282 PMCID: PMC8657396 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway Notch is unequivocally essential for embryogenesis. Notch’s contribution to the muscle repair process in adult tissue is complex and obscure but necessary. Notch integrates with other signals in a functional antagonist manner to direct myoblast activity and ultimately complete muscle repair. There is profound recent evidence describing plausible mechanisms of Notch in muscle repair. However, the story is not definitive as evidence is slowly emerging that negates Notch’s importance in myoblast proliferation. The purpose of this review article is to examine the prominent evidence and associated mechanisms of Notch’s contribution to the myogenic repair phases. In addition, we discuss the emerging roles of Notch in diseases associated with muscle atrophy. Understanding the mechanisms of Notch’s orchestration is useful for developing therapeutic targets for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Gerrard
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Jamison P. Hay
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Ryan N. Adams
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - James C. Williams
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joshua R. Huot
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Kaitlin M. Weathers
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joseph S. Marino
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Susan T. Arthur
- Department of Applied Physiology, Health and Clinical Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (J.C.G.); (J.P.H.); (R.N.A.); (J.C.W.III); (K.M.W.); (J.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Collins BC, Kardon G. It takes all kinds: heterogeneity among satellite cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors during skeletal muscle regeneration. Development 2021; 148:dev199861. [PMID: 34739030 PMCID: PMC8602941 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate skeletal muscle is composed of multinucleate myofibers that are surrounded by muscle connective tissue. Following injury, muscle is able to robustly regenerate because of tissue-resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. In addition, efficient and complete regeneration depends on other cells resident in muscle - including fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). Increasing evidence from single-cell analyses and genetic and transplantation experiments suggests that satellite cells and FAPs are heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we review our current understanding of the heterogeneity of satellite cells, their myogenic derivatives and FAPs in terms of gene expression, anatomical location, age and timing during the regenerative process - each of which have potentially important functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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32
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Saburina IN, Kosheleva NV, Kopylov AT, Lipina TV, Krasina ME, Zurina IM, Gorkun AA, Girina SS, Pulin AA, Kaysheva AL, Morozov SG. Proteomic and electron microscopy study of myogenic differentiation of alveolar mucosa multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in three-dimensional culture. Proteomics 2021; 22:e2000304. [PMID: 34674377 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocyte differentiation is featured by adaptation processes, including mitochondria repopulation and cytoskeleton re-organization. The difference between monolayer and spheroid cultured cells at the proteomic level is uncertain. We cultivated alveolar mucosa multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in spheroids in a myogenic way for the proper conditioning of ECM architecture and cell morphology, which induced spontaneous myogenic differentiation of cells within spheroids. Electron microscopy analysis was used for the morphometry of mitochondria biogenesis, and proteomic was used complementary to unveil events underlying differences between two-dimensional/three-dimensional myoblasts differentiation. The prevalence of elongated mitochondria with an average area of 0.097 μm2 was attributed to monolayer cells 7 days after the passage. The population of small mitochondria with a round shape and area of 0.049 μm2 (p < 0.05) was observed in spheroid cells cultured under three-dimensional conditions. Cells in spheroids were quantitatively enriched in proteins of mitochondria biogenesis (DNM1L, IDH2, SSBP1), respiratory chain (ACO2, ATP5I, COX5A), extracellular proteins (COL12A1, COL6A1, COL6A2), and cytoskeleton (MYL6, MYL12B, MYH10). Most of the Rab-related transducers were inhibited in spheroid culture. The proteomic assay demonstrated delicate mechanisms of mitochondria autophagy and repopulation, cytoskeleton assembling, and biogenesis. Differences in the ultrastructure of mitochondria indicate active biogenesis under three-dimensional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Saburina
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nastasia V Kosheleva
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arthur T Kopylov
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Proteomic Research, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Lipina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina E Krasina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina M Zurina
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya A Gorkun
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana S Girina
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Pulin
- Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna L Kaysheva
- Department of Proteomic Research, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey G Morozov
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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33
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Esteves de Lima J, Relaix F. Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:31. [PMID: 34595600 PMCID: PMC8484369 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the skeletal muscles of the body and their associated stem cells originate from muscle progenitor cells, during development. The specification of the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs, relies on the activity of distinct genetic hierarchies. The major regulators of trunk and limb muscle specification are the paired-homeobox transcription factors PAX3 and PAX7. Distinct gene regulatory networks drive the formation of the different muscles of the head. Despite the redeployment of diverse upstream regulators of muscle progenitor differentiation, the commitment towards the myogenic fate requires the expression of the early myogenic regulatory factors MYF5, MRF4, MYOD and the late differentiation marker MYOG. The expression of these genes is activated by muscle progenitors throughout development, in several waves of myogenic differentiation, constituting the embryonic, fetal and postnatal phases of muscle growth. In order to achieve myogenic cell commitment while maintaining an undifferentiated pool of muscle progenitors, several signaling pathways regulate the switch between proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. The identification of the gene regulatory networks operating during myogenesis is crucial for the development of in vitro protocols to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into myoblasts required for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, EnvA, EFS, AP-HP, IMRB, 94010, Creteil, France.
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34
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Engel-Pizcueta C, Pujades C. Interplay Between Notch and YAP/TAZ Pathways in the Regulation of Cell Fate During Embryo Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711531. [PMID: 34490262 PMCID: PMC8417249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells in growing tissues receive both biochemical and physical cues from their microenvironment. Growing evidence has shown that mechanical signals are fundamental regulators of cell behavior. However, how physical properties of the microenvironment are transduced into critical cell behaviors, such as proliferation, progenitor maintenance, or differentiation during development, is still poorly understood. The transcriptional co-activators YAP/TAZ shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus in response to multiple inputs and have emerged as important regulators of tissue growth and regeneration. YAP/TAZ sense and transduce physical cues, such as those from the extracellular matrix or the actomyosin cytoskeleton, to regulate gene expression, thus allowing them to function as gatekeepers of progenitor behavior in several developmental contexts. The Notch pathway is a key signaling pathway that controls binary cell fate decisions through cell-cell communication in a context-dependent manner. Recent reports now suggest that the crosstalk between these two pathways is critical for maintaining the balance between progenitor maintenance and cell differentiation in different tissues. How this crosstalk integrates with morphogenesis and changes in tissue architecture during development is still an open question. Here, we discuss how progenitor cell proliferation, specification, and differentiation are coordinated with morphogenesis to construct a functional organ. We will pay special attention to the interplay between YAP/TAZ and Notch signaling pathways in determining cell fate decisions and discuss whether this represents a general mechanism of regulating cell fate during development. We will focus on research carried out in vertebrate embryos that demonstrate the important roles of mechanical cues in stem cell biology and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Engel-Pizcueta
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pujades
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Leiz J, Rutkiewicz M, Birchmeier C, Heinemann U, Schmidt-Ott KM. Technologies for profiling the impact of genomic variants on transcription factor binding. MED GENET-BERLIN 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2021-2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner and thereby regulate target gene expression. TF binding and its regulatory activity is highly context dependent, and is not only determined by specific cell types or differentiation stages but also relies on other regulatory mechanisms, such as DNA and chromatin modifications. Interactions between TFs and their DNA binding sites are critical mediators of phenotypic variation and play important roles in the onset of disease. A continuously growing number of studies therefore attempts to elucidate TF:DNA interactions to gain knowledge about regulatory mechanisms and disease-causing variants. Here we summarize how TF-binding characteristics and the impact of variants can be investigated, how bioinformatic tools can be used to analyze and predict TF:DNA binding, and what additional information can be obtained from the TF protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Leiz
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine , Hindenburgdamm 30 , Berlin , Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Molecular and Translational Kidney Research , Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 , Berlin , Germany
| | - Maria Rutkiewicz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Macromolecular Structure and Interaction , Berlin , Germany
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Developmental Biology and Signal Transduction , Berlin , Germany
| | - Udo Heinemann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Macromolecular Structure and Interaction , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kai M. Schmidt-Ott
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine , Hindenburgdamm 30 , Berlin , Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) , Molecular and Translational Kidney Research , Robert-Rössle-Str. 10 , Berlin , Germany
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36
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Feedback regulation of Notch signaling and myogenesis connected by MyoD-Dll1 axis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009729. [PMID: 34370738 PMCID: PMC8376015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle precursor cells known as myoblasts are essential for muscle development and regeneration. Notch signaling is an ancient intercellular communication mechanism that plays prominent roles in controlling the myogenic program of myoblasts. Currently whether and how the myogenic cues feedback to refine Notch activities in these cells are largely unknown. Here, by mouse and human gene gain/loss-of-function studies, we report that MyoD directly turns on the expression of Notch-ligand gene Dll1 which activates Notch pathway to prevent precautious differentiation in neighboring myoblasts, while autonomously inhibits Notch to facilitate a myogenic program in Dll1 expressing cells. Mechanistically, we studied cis-regulatory DNA motifs underlying the MyoD-Dll1-Notch axis in vivo by characterizing myogenesis of a novel E-box deficient mouse model, as well as in human cells through CRISPR-mediated interference. These results uncovered the crucial transcriptional mechanism that mediates the reciprocal controls of Notch and myogenesis.
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37
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Fukada SI, Nakamura A. Exercise/Resistance Training and Muscle Stem Cells. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:737-744. [PMID: 34372625 PMCID: PMC8419599 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has attracted attention as endocrine organ, because exercise-dependent cytokines called myokines/exerkines are released from skeletal muscle and are involved in systemic functions. While, local mechanical loading to skeletal muscle by exercise or resistance training alters myofiber type and size and myonuclear number. Skeletal muscle-resident stem cells, known as muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for the increased number of myonuclei. Under steady conditions, MuSCs are maintained in a mitotically quiescent state but exit from that state and start to proliferate in response to high physical activity. Alterations in MuSC behavior occur when myofibers are damaged, but the lethal damage to myofibers does not seem to evoke mechanical loading-dependent MuSC activation and proliferation. Given that MuSCs proliferate without damage, it is unclear how the different behaviors of MuSCs are controlled by different physical activities. Recent studies demonstrated that myonuclear number reflects the size of myofibers; hence, it is crucial to know the properties of MuSCs and the mechanism of myonuclear accretion by MuSCs. In addition, the elucidation of mechanical load-dependent changes in muscle resident cells, including MuSCs, will be necessary for the discovery of new myokines/exerkines and understating skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayasa Nakamura
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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38
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Weterings SDC, van Oostrom MJ, Sonnen KF. Building bridges between fields: bringing together development and homeostasis. Development 2021; 148:270964. [PMID: 34279592 PMCID: PMC8326920 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite striking parallels between the fields of developmental biology and adult tissue homeostasis, these are disconnected in contemporary research. Although development describes tissue generation and homeostasis describes tissue maintenance, it is the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation that coordinates both processes. Upstream signalling regulates this balance to achieve the required outcome at the population level. Both development and homeostasis require tight regulation of stem cells at the single-cell level and establishment of patterns at the tissue-wide level. Here, we emphasize that the general principles of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis are similar, and argue that interactions between these disciplines will be beneficial for both research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja D C Weterings
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marek J van Oostrom
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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39
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Tutukova S, Tarabykin V, Hernandez-Miranda LR. The Role of Neurod Genes in Brain Development, Function, and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:662774. [PMID: 34177462 PMCID: PMC8221396 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.662774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is essential for the correct functioning of cells during development and in postnatal life. The basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) superfamily of transcription factors is well conserved throughout evolution and plays critical roles in tissue development and tissue maintenance. A subgroup of this family, called neural lineage bHLH factors, is critical in the development and function of the central nervous system. In this review, we will focus on the function of one subgroup of neural lineage bHLH factors, the Neurod family. The Neurod family has four members: Neurod1, Neurod2, Neurod4, and Neurod6. Available evidence shows that these four factors are key during the development of the cerebral cortex but also in other regions of the central nervous system, such as the cerebellum, the brainstem, and the spinal cord. We will also discuss recent reports that link the dysfunction of these transcription factors to neurological disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Tutukova
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Cell- and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Cell- and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R Hernandez-Miranda
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Cell- and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Zhang L, Kubota M, Nakamura A, Kaji T, Seno S, Uezumi A, Andersen DC, Jensen CH, Fukada SI. Dlk1 regulates quiescence in calcitonin receptor-mutant muscle stem cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:306-317. [PMID: 33295098 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells, also called muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), are responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration and are sustained in an undifferentiated and quiescent state under steady conditions. The calcitonin receptor (CalcR)-protein kinase A (PKA)-Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) axis is one pathway that maintains quiescence in MuSCs. Although CalcR signaling in MuSCs has been identified, the critical CalcR signaling targets are incompletely understood. Here, we show the relevance between the ectopic expression of delta-like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (Dlk1) and the impaired quiescent state in CalcR-conditional knockout (cKO) MuSCs. Dlk1 expression was rarely detected in both quiescent and proliferating MuSCs in control mice, whereas Dlk1 expression was remarkably increased in CalcR-cKO MuSCs at both the mRNA and protein levels. It is noteworthy that all Ki67+ non-quiescent CalcR-cKO MuSCs express Dlk1, and non-quiescent CalcR-cKO MuSCs are enriched in the Dlk1+ fraction by cell sorting. Using mutant mice, we demonstrated that PKA-activation or Yap1-depletion suppressed Dlk1 expression in CalcR-cKO MuSCs, which suggests that the CalcR-PKA-Yap1 axis inhibits the expression of Dlk1 in quiescent MuSCs. Moreover, the loss of Dlk1 rescued the quiescent state in CalcR-cKO MuSCs, which indicates that the ectopic expression of Dlk1 disturbs quiescence in CalcR-cKO. Collectively, our results suggest that ectopically expressed Dlk1 is responsible for the impaired quiescence in CalcR-cKO MuSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manami Kubota
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayasa Nakamura
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kaji
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Muscle Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG), Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ditte Caroline Andersen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Harken Jensen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - So-Ichiro Fukada
- Project for Muscle Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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41
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Zhang Y, Lahmann I, Baum K, Shimojo H, Mourikis P, Wolf J, Kageyama R, Birchmeier C. Oscillations of Delta-like1 regulate the balance between differentiation and maintenance of muscle stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1318. [PMID: 33637744 PMCID: PMC7910593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions mediated by Notch are critical for the maintenance of skeletal muscle stem cells. However, dynamics, cellular source and identity of functional Notch ligands during expansion of the stem cell pool in muscle growth and regeneration remain poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that oscillating Delta-like 1 (Dll1) produced by myogenic cells is an indispensable Notch ligand for self-renewal of muscle stem cells in mice. Dll1 expression is controlled by the Notch target Hes1 and the muscle regulatory factor MyoD. Consistent with our mathematical model, our experimental analyses show that Hes1 acts as the oscillatory pacemaker, whereas MyoD regulates robust Dll1 expression. Interfering with Dll1 oscillations without changing its overall expression level impairs self-renewal, resulting in premature differentiation of muscle stem cells during muscle growth and regeneration. We conclude that the oscillatory Dll1 input into Notch signaling ensures the equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation in myogenic cell communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ines Lahmann
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Baum
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jana Wolf
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungzentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Bautista JL, Cramer NT, Miller CN, Chavez J, Berrios DI, Byrnes LE, Germino J, Ntranos V, Sneddon JB, Burt TD, Gardner JM, Ye CJ, Anderson MS, Parent AV. Single-cell transcriptional profiling of human thymic stroma uncovers novel cellular heterogeneity in the thymic medulla. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1096. [PMID: 33597545 PMCID: PMC7889611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus' key function in the immune system is to provide the necessary environment for the development of diverse and self-tolerant T lymphocytes. While recent evidence suggests that the thymic stroma is comprised of more functionally distinct subpopulations than previously appreciated, the extent of this cellular heterogeneity in the human thymus is not well understood. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively profile the human thymic stroma across multiple stages of life. Mesenchyme, pericytes and endothelial cells are identified as potential key regulators of thymic epithelial cell differentiation and thymocyte migration. In-depth analyses of epithelial cells reveal the presence of ionocytes as a medullary population, while the expression of tissue-specific antigens is mapped to different subsets of epithelial cells. This work thus provides important insight on how the diversity of thymic cells is established, and how this heterogeneity contributes to the induction of immune tolerance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhoanne L Bautista
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathan T Cramer
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corey N Miller
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Chavez
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David I Berrios
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Byrnes
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joe Germino
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Ntranos
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Neonatology and the Children's Health & Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James M Gardner
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun J Ye
- Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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43
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Massenet J, Gardner E, Chazaud B, Dilworth FJ. Epigenetic regulation of satellite cell fate during skeletal muscle regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 33431060 PMCID: PMC7798257 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to muscle injury, muscle stem cells integrate environmental cues in the damaged tissue to mediate regeneration. These environmental cues are tightly regulated to ensure expansion of muscle stem cell population to repair the damaged myofibers while allowing repopulation of the stem cell niche. These changes in muscle stem cell fate result from changes in gene expression that occur in response to cell signaling from the muscle environment. Integration of signals from the muscle environment leads to changes in gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Such mechanisms, including post-translational modification of chromatin and nucleosome repositioning, act to make specific gene loci more, or less, accessible to the transcriptional machinery. In youth, the muscle environment is ideally structured to allow for coordinated signaling that mediates efficient regeneration. Both age and disease alter the muscle environment such that the signaling pathways that shape the healthy muscle stem cell epigenome are altered. Altered epigenome reduces the efficiency of cell fate transitions required for muscle repair and contributes to muscle pathology. However, the reversible nature of epigenetic changes holds out potential for restoring cell fate potential to improve muscle repair in myopathies. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms allowing muscle stem cell fate transitions during regeneration and how it is altered in muscle disease. In addition, we provide some examples of how epigenetics could be harnessed therapeutically to improve regeneration in various muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Massenet
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Mailbox 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Rockefeller Ave, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Edward Gardner
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Mailbox 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS 5310, INSERM U1217, 8 Rockefeller Ave, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Mailbox 511, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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44
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De Decker M, Lavaert M, Roels J, Tilleman L, Vandekerckhove B, Leclercq G, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van Vlierberghe P, Taghon T. HES1 and HES4 have non-redundant roles downstream of Notch during early human T-cell development. Haematologica 2021; 106:130-141. [PMID: 31919081 PMCID: PMC7776241 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In both mouse and human, Notch1 activation is the main initial driver to induce T-cell development in hematopoietic progenitor cells. The initiation of this developmental process coincides with Notch1-dependent repression of differentiation towards other hematopoietic lineages. Although well described in mice, the role of the individual Notch1 target genes during these hematopoietic developmental choices is still unclear in human, particularly for HES4 since no orthologous gene is present in the mouse. Here, we investigated the functional capacity of the Notch1 target genes HES1 and HES4 to modulate human Notch1-dependent hematopoietic lineage decisions and their requirement during early T-cell development. We show that both genes are upregulated in a Notch-dependent manner during early T-cell development and that HES1 acts as a repressor of differentiation by maintaining a quiescent stem cell signature in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. While HES4 can also inhibit natural killer and myeloid cell development like HES1, it acts differently on the T- versus B-cell lineage choice. Surprisingly, HES4 is not capable of repressing B-cell development, the most sensitive hematopoietic lineage with respect to Notch-mediated repression. In contrast to HES1, HES4 promotes initiation of early T-cell development, but ectopic expression of HES4, or HES1 and HES4 combined, is not sufficient to induce T-lineage differentiation. Importantly, knockdown of HES1 or HES4 significantly reduces human T-cell development. Overall, we show that the Notch1 target genes HES1 and HES4 have non-redundant roles during early human T-cell development which may relate to differences in mediating Notch-dependent human hematopoietic lineage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke Lavaert
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliette Roels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and of Bimolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG),Dept of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG),Dept of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Dept of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG),Dept of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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45
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Tsiairis C, Großhans H. Gene expression oscillations in C. elegans underlie a new developmental clock. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 144:19-43. [PMID: 33992153 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
During C. elegans larval development, thousands of genes, accounting for >20% of the transcriptome, exhibit oscillatory expression with large amplitudes. The time of peaking varies for different genes, but expression generally peaks once per larval stage, with both the oscillation period and larval stage duration varying in concert with temperature. This and other evidence support the existence of a gene expression oscillator that functions as a developmental clock. In this article, we review what is known about the biology, architecture and possible mechanisms of this clock. We compare it to other oscillators, and highlight tools and approaches suited to its study. Finally, we point out implications of these wide-spread and dynamic changes of gene expression on any type of gene expression profiling experiment in C. elegans larvae and how such experiments need to be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisios Tsiairis
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Helge Großhans
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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46
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Dynamics of Asymmetric and Symmetric Divisions of Muscle Stem Cells In Vivo and on Artificial Niches. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3195-3206.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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47
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Ochi S, Imaizumi Y, Shimojo H, Miyachi H, Kageyama R. Oscillatory expression of Hes1 regulates cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the embryonic brain. Development 2020; 147:dev182204. [PMID: 32094111 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The expression of the transcriptional repressor Hes1 oscillates in many cell types, including neural progenitor cells (NPCs), but the significance of Hes1 oscillations in development is not fully understood. To examine the effect of altered oscillatory dynamics of Hes1, we generated two types of Hes1 knock-in mice, a shortened (type-1) and an elongated (type-2) Hes1 gene, and examined their phenotypes focusing on neural development. Although both mutations affected Hes1 oscillations, the type-1 mutation dampened Hes1 oscillations more severely, resulting in much lower amplitudes. The average levels of Hes1 expression in type-1 mutant NPCs were also lower than in wild-type NPCs but similar to or slightly higher than those in Hes1 heterozygous mutant mice, which exhibit no apparent defects. Whereas type-2 mutant mice were apparently normal, type-1 mutant mice displayed smaller brains than wild-type mice and upregulated proneural gene expression. Furthermore, proliferation of NPCs decreased and cell death increased in type-1 mutant embryos. When Hes3 and Hes5 were additionally deleted, neuronal differentiation was also accelerated, leading to microcephaly. Thus, robust Hes1 oscillations are required for maintenance and proliferation of NPCs and the normal timing of neurogenesis, thereby regulating brain morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ochi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yui Imaizumi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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48
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KAGEYAMA R, OCHI S, SUEDA R, SHIMOJO H. The significance of gene expression dynamics in neural stem cell regulation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 96:351-363. [PMID: 33041269 PMCID: PMC7581957 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) actively proliferate and generate neurons and glial cells (active state) in the embryonic brain, whereas they are mostly dormant (quiescent state) in the adult brain. The expression dynamics of Hes1 are different between active and quiescent NSCs. In active NSCs, Hes1 expression oscillates and periodically represses the expression of proneural genes such as Ascl1, thereby driving their oscillations. By contrast, in quiescent NSCs, Hes1 oscillations maintain expression at higher levels even at trough phases (thus continuous), thereby continuously suppressing proneural gene expression. High levels of Hes1 expression and the resultant suppression of Ascl1 promote the quiescent state of NSCs, whereas oscillatory Hes1 expression and the resultant oscillatory Ascl1 expression regulate their active state. Furthermore, in other developmental contexts, high, continuous Hes1 expression induces astrocyte differentiation or the formation of boundaries, which function as signaling centers. Thus, the expression dynamics of Hes1 are a key regulatory mechanism generating and maintaining various cell types in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichiro KAGEYAMA
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohei OCHI
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Risa SUEDA
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi SHIMOJO
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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49
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Falo-Sanjuan J, Bray SJ. Decoding the Notch signal. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 62:4-14. [PMID: 31886523 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling controls many key cellular processes which differ according to the context where the pathway is deployed due to the transcriptional activation of specific sets of genes. The pathway is unusual in its lack of amplification, also raising the question of how it can efficiently activate transcription with limited amounts of nuclear activity. Here, we focus on mechanisms that enable Notch to produce appropriate transcriptional responses and speculate on models that could explain the current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Falo-Sanjuan
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Bray
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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50
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Li HJ, Ray SK, Pan N, Haigh J, Fritzsch B, Leiter AB. Intestinal Neurod1 expression impairs paneth cell differentiation and promotes enteroendocrine lineage specification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19489. [PMID: 31862906 PMCID: PMC6925293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Neurod1 is required for enteroendocrine progenitor differentiation and maturation. Several earlier studies indicated that ectopic expression of Neurod1 converted non- neuronal cells into neurons. However, the functional consequence of ectopic Neurod1 expression has not been examined in the GI tract, and it is not known whether Neurod1 can similarly switch cell fates in the intestine. We generated a mouse line that would enable us to conditionally express Neurod1 in intestinal epithelial cells at different stages of differentiation. Forced expression of Neurod1 throughout intestinal epithelium increased the number of EECs as well as the expression of EE specific transcription factors and hormones. Furthermore, we observed a substantial reduction of Paneth cell marker expression, although the expressions of enterocyte-, tuft- and goblet-cell specific markers are largely not affected. Our earlier study indicated that Neurog3+ progenitor cells give rise to not only EECs but also Goblet and Paneth cells. Here we show that the conditional expression of Neurod1 restricts Neurog3+ progenitors to adopt Paneth cell fate, and promotes more pronounced EE cell differentiation, while such effects are not seen in more differentiated Neurod1+ cells. Together, our data suggest that forced expression of Neurod1 programs intestinal epithelial cells more towards an EE cell fate at the expense of the Paneth cell lineage and the effect ceases as cells mature to EE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Joyce Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Subir K Ray
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ning Pan
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Decibel Pharmaceutical, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jody Haigh
- Department of Biomedical, Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrew B Leiter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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