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Zhang N, Hu W, Wu K, Wang K, Miao X, Wang Y, Zhong X, Lin F, Zhang Z, Xu H. The Amino Acid Transporter PtCAT7 and Ammonium Nutrition Enhance the Uptake of Thiamethoxam in Citrus Rootstock Seedlings. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6942-6953. [PMID: 38506763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (THX), when applied to the soil, can be taken up by citrus roots and subsequently transported to the leaves, providing effective protection of plants against the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). In this study, the field experiments showed that the coapplication of THX and nitrogen fertilizer (AN) did not affect THX uptake in six-year-old citrus plants. However, their coapplication promoted THX uptake in three-year-old Potassium trifoliate rootstocks and relieved the inhibition of AN at a higher level on plant growth characteristics, including biomass and growth of root and stem. RNA-seq analysis found that THX induced upregulation of a cationic amino acid transporter (PtCAT7) in citrus leaves. PtCAT7 facilitated THX uptake in the yeast strain to inhibit its growth, and the PtCAT7 protein was localized on the plasma membrane. Our results demonstrate that THX and N fertilizer can be coapplied and PtCAT7 may be involved in THX uptake in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Keer Wu
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kejing Wang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoran Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongqing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fei Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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The SV, Santiago JP, Pappenberger C, Hammes UZ, Tegeder M. UMAMIT44 is a key player in glutamate export from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Plant Cell 2024; 36:1119-1139. [PMID: 38092462 PMCID: PMC10980354 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Selective partitioning of amino acids among organelles, cells, tissues, and organs is essential for cellular metabolism and plant growth. Nitrogen assimilation into glutamine and glutamate and de novo biosynthesis of most protein amino acids occur in chloroplasts; therefore, various transport mechanisms must exist to accommodate their directional efflux from the stroma to the cytosol and feed the amino acids into the extraplastidial metabolic and long-distance transport pathways. Yet, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transporters functioning in plastidial export of amino acids remained undiscovered. Here, USUALLY MULTIPLE ACIDS MOVE IN AND OUT TRANSPORTER 44 (UMAMIT44) was identified and shown to function in glutamate export from Arabidopsis chloroplasts. UMAMIT44 controls glutamate homeostasis within and outside of chloroplasts and influences nitrogen partitioning from leaves to sinks. Glutamate imbalances in chloroplasts and leaves of umamit44 mutants impact cellular redox state, nitrogen and carbon metabolism, and amino acid (AA) and sucrose supply of growing sinks, leading to negative effects on plant growth. Nonetheless, the mutant lines adjust to some extent by upregulating alternative pathways for glutamate synthesis outside the plastids and by mitigating oxidative stress through the production of other amino acids and antioxidants. Overall, this study establishes that the role of UMAMIT44 in glutamate export from chloroplasts is vital for controlling nitrogen availability within source leaf cells and for sink nutrition, with an impact on growth and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Vivia The
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - James P Santiago
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Clara Pappenberger
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Nanjareddy K, Guerrero-Carrillo MF, Lara M, Arthikala MK. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the Amino Acid Transporter (AAT) gene family and their roles during Phaseolus vulgaris symbioses. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38430379 PMCID: PMC10908646 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are essential integral membrane proteins that serve multiple roles, such as facilitating the transport of amino acids across cell membranes. They play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Phaseolus vulgaris, a significant legume crop, serves as a valuable model for studying root symbiosis. In this study, we have conducted an exploration of the AAT gene family in P. vulgaris. In this research, we identified 84 AAT genes within the P. vulgaris genome sequence and categorized them into 12 subfamilies based on their similarity and phylogenetic relationships with AATs found in Arabidopsis and rice. Interestingly, these AAT genes were not evenly distributed across the chromosomes of P. vulgaris . Instead, there was an unusual concentration of these genes located toward the outer edges of chromosomal arms. Upon conducting motif analysis and gene structural analysis, we observed a consistent presence of similar motifs and an intron-exon distribution pattern among the subfamilies. When we analyzed the expression profiles of PvAAT genes, we noted tissue-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, our investigation into AAT gene expression under rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiotic conditions revealed that certain genes exhibited high levels of expression. Specifically, ATLa5 and LHT2 was notably upregulated under both symbiotic conditions. These findings point towards a potential role of AATs in the context of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in P. vulgaris, in addition to their well-established regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México.
| | - María Fernanda Guerrero-Carrillo
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México.
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Soto-Cerda BJ, Larama G, Cloutier S, Fofana B, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Aravena G. The Genetic Dissection of Nitrogen Use-Related Traits in Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) at the Seedling Stage through the Integration of Multi-Locus GWAS, RNA-seq and Genomic Selection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17624. [PMID: 38139451 PMCID: PMC10743809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), the most important macro-nutrient for plant growth and development, is a key factor that determines crop yield. Yet its excessive applications pollute the environment and are expensive. Hence, studying nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops is fundamental for sustainable agriculture. Here, an association panel consisting of 123 flax accessions was evaluated for 21 NUE-related traits at the seedling stage under optimum N (N+) and N deficiency (N-) treatments to dissect the genetic architecture of NUE-related traits using a multi-omics approach integrating genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptome analysis and genomic selection (GS). Root traits exhibited significant and positive correlations with NUE under N- conditions (r = 0.33 to 0.43, p < 0.05). A total of 359 QTLs were identified, accounting for 0.11% to 23.1% of the phenotypic variation in NUE-related traits. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1034 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under contrasting N conditions. DEGs involved in N metabolism, root development, amino acid transport and catabolism and others, were found near the QTLs. GS models to predict NUE stress tolerance index (NUE_STI) trait were tested using a random genome-wide SNP dataset and a GWAS-derived QTLs dataset. The latter produced superior prediction accuracy (r = 0.62 to 0.79) compared to the genome-wide SNP marker dataset (r = 0.11) for NUE_STI. Our results provide insights into the QTL architecture of NUE-related traits, identify candidate genes for further studies, and propose genomic breeding tools to achieve superior NUE in flax under low N input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio J. Soto-Cerda
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (C.I.-B.); (G.A.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Sylvie Cloutier
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;
| | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (C.I.-B.); (G.A.)
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile
| | - Gabriela Aravena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4781312, Chile; (C.I.-B.); (G.A.)
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Kalwan G, Priyadarshini P, Kumar K, Yadava YK, Yadav S, Kohli D, Gill SS, Gaikwad K, Hegde V, Jain PK. Genome wide identification and characterization of the amino acid transporter (AAT) genes regulating seed protein content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126324. [PMID: 37591427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs), besides, being a crucial component for nutrient partitioning system are also vital for growth and development of the plants and stress resilience. In order to understand the role of AAT genes in seed quality proteins, a comprehensive analysis of AAT gene family was carried out in chickpea leading to identification of 109 AAT genes, representing 10 subfamilies with random distribution across the chickpea genome. Several important stress responsive cis-regulatory elements like Myb, ABRE, ERE were detected in the promoter region of these CaAAT genes. Most of the genes belonging to the same sub-families shared the intron-exon distribution pattern owing to their conserved nature. Random distribution of these CaAAT genes was observed on plasma membrane, vacuolar membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, which may be associated to distinct biochemical pathways. In total 92 out 109 CaAAT genes arise as result of duplication, among which segmental duplication was more prominent over tandem duplication. As expected, the phylogenetic tree was divided into 2 major clades, and further sub-divided into different sub-families. Among the 109 CaAAT genes, 25 were found to be interacting with 25 miRNAs, many miRNAs like miR156, miR159 and miR164 were interacting only with single AAT genes. Tissues specific expression pattern of many CaAAT genes was observed like CaAAP7 and CaAVT18 in nodules, CaAAP17, CaAVT5 and CaCAT9 in vegetative tissues while CaCAT10 and CaAAP23 in seed related tissues as per the expression analysis. Mature seed transcriptome data revealed that genotypes having high protein content (ICC 8397, ICC 13461) showed low CaAATs expression as compared to the genotypes having low protein content (FG 212, BG 3054). Amino acid profiling of these genotypes revealed a significant difference in amount of essential and non-essential amino acids, probably due to differential expression of CaAATs. Thus, the present study provides insights into the biological role of AAT genes in chickpea, which will facilitate their functional characterization and role in various developmental stages, stress responses and involvement in nutritional quality enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Kalwan
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parichita Priyadarshini
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 284003, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; ICAR - Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208024, India
| | | | - Sheel Yadav
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India; PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deshika Kohli
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology & Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124 001, Haryana, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Venkatraman Hegde
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Shi Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Xie Z, Luo Y, Long Q, Feng J, Liu X, Wang B, He D, Ren J, Guo P, Xing J, He L, Fernie AR, Chen W, Liu X, Luo Y, Jin C, Luo J. Natural variations of OsAUX5, a target gene of OsWRKY78, control the neutral essential amino acid content in rice grains. Mol Plant 2023; 16:322-336. [PMID: 36540024 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grain essential amino acid (EAA) levels contribute to rice nutritional quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EAA accumulation and natural variation in rice grains remain unclear. Here we report the identification of a previously unrecognized auxin influx carrier subfamily gene, OsAUX5, which encodes an amino acid transporter that functions in uptake of multiple amino acids. We identified an elite haplotype of Pro::OsAUX5Hap2 that enhances grain EAA accumulation without an apparent negative effect on agronomic traits. Natural variations of OsAUX5 occur in the cis elements of its promoter, which are differentially activated because of the different binding affinity between OsWRKY78 and the W-box, contributing to grain EAA variation among rice varieties. The two distinct haplotypes were shown to have originated from different Oryza rufipogon progenitors, which contributed to the divergence between japonica and indica. Introduction of the indica-type Pro::OsAUX5Hap2 genotype into japonica could significantly increase EAA levels, indicating that indica-type Pro::OsAUX5Hap2 can be utilized to increase grain EAAs of japonica varieties. Collectively, our study uncovers an WRKY78-OsAUX5-based regulatory mechanism controlling grain EAA accumulation and provides a potential target for breeding EAA-rich rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Shi
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qiyuan Long
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiahui Feng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dujun He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junxia Ren
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peizhen Guo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junwei Xing
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liqiang He
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Andleeb T, Knight E, Borrill P. Wheat NAM genes regulate the majority of early monocarpic senescence transcriptional changes including nitrogen remobilization genes. G3 (Bethesda) 2022; 13:6760127. [PMID: 36226803 PMCID: PMC9911049 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence enables the remobilization of nitrogen and micronutrients from vegetative tissues of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) into the grain. Understanding the molecular players in this process will enable the breeding of wheat lines with tailored grain nutrient content. The NAC transcription factor NAM-B1 is associated with earlier senescence and higher levels of grain protein, iron, and zinc contents due to increased nutrient remobilization. To investigate how related NAM genes control nitrogen remobilization at the molecular level, we carried out a comparative transcriptomic study using flag leaves at 7 time points (3, 7, 10, 13, 15, 19, and 26 days after anthesis) in wild type and NAM RNA interference lines with reduced NAM gene expression. Approximately 2.5 times more genes were differentially expressed in wild type than NAM RNA interference plants during this early senescence time course (6,508 vs 2,605 genes). In both genotypes, differentially expressed genes were enriched for gene ontology terms related to photosynthesis, hormones, amino acid transport, and nitrogen metabolism. However, nitrogen metabolism genes including glutamine synthetase (GS1 and GS2), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and asparagine synthetase (ASN1) showed stronger or earlier differential expression in wild-type than in NAM RNA interference plants, consistent with higher nitrogen remobilization. The use of time course data identified the dynamics of NAM-regulated and NAM-independent gene expression changes during senescence and provides an entry point to functionally characterize the pathways regulating senescence and nutrient remobilization in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Andleeb
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK,Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 15320, Pakistan
| | - Emilie Knight
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Philippa Borrill
- Corresponding author: Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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Chen X, Wu Z, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Rui C, Wang J, Malik WA, Lu X, Wang D, Wang J, Guo L, Wang S, Zhao L, Zebinisso Qaraevna B, Chen C, Wang X, Ye W. Comprehensive genomic characterization of cotton cationic amino acid transporter genes reveals that GhCAT10D regulates salt tolerance. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:441. [PMID: 36109698 PMCID: PMC9476346 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03829-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cationic amino acid transporters (CAT) play indispensable roles in maintaining metabolic functions, such as synthesis of proteins and nitric oxide (NO), biosynthesis of polyamine, and flow of amino acids, by mediating the bidirectional transport of cationic amino acids in plant cells. RESULTS In this study, we performed a genome-wide and comprehensive study of 79 CAT genes in four species of cotton. Localization of genes revealed that CAT genes reside on the plasma membrane. Seventy-nine CAT genes were grouped into 7 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. Structure analysis of genes showed that CAT genes from the same subgroup have similar genetic structure and exon number. RNA-seq and real-time PCR indicated that the expression of most GhCAT genes were induced by salt, drought, cold and heat stresses. Cis-elements analysis of GhCAT promoters showed that the GhCAT genes promoters mainly contained plant hormones responsive elements and abiotic stress elements, which indicated that GhCAT genes may play key roles in response to abiotic stress. Moreover, we also conducted gene interaction network of the GhCAT proteins. Silencing GhCAT10D expression decreased the resistance of cotton to salt stress because of a decrease in the accumulation of NO and proline. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that CAT genes might be related with salt tolerance in cotton and lay a foundation for further study on the regulation mechanism of CAT genes in cationic amino acids transporting and distribution responsing to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, Hebei, China
| | - Zujun Yin
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Cun Rui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Bobokhonova Zebinisso Qaraevna
- Department of Cotton Growing, Genetics, Breeding and Seed, Tajik Agrarian University Named Shirinsho Shotemur Dushanbe, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Institute of Coastal Agriculture, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Tangshan, 063299, Hebei, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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9
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Zhang X, Khadka P, Puchalski P, Leehan JD, Rossi FR, Okumoto S, Pilot G, Danna CH. MAMP-elicited changes in amino acid transport activity contribute to restricting bacterial growth. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:2315-2331. [PMID: 35579373 PMCID: PMC9342991 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants live under the constant challenge of microbes that probe the environment in search of potential hosts. Plant cells perceive microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from incoming microbes and activate defense responses that suppress attempted infections. Despite the substantial progress made in understanding MAMP-triggered signaling pathways, the downstream mechanisms that suppress bacterial growth and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover how MAMP perception in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) elicits dynamic changes in extracellular concentrations of free L-amino acids (AA). Within the first 3 h of MAMP perception, a fast and transient inhibition of AA uptake produces a transient increase in extracellular AA concentrations. Within 4 and 12 h of MAMP perception, a sustained enhanced uptake activity decreases the extracellular concentrations of AA. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylic acid-mediated signaling contributes to inducing the expression of AA/H+ symporters responsible for the MAMP-induced enhanced uptake. A screening of loss-of-function mutants identified the AA/H+ symporter lysin/histidine transporter-1 as an important contributor to MAMP-induced enhanced uptake of AA. Infection assays in lht1-1 seedlings revealed that high concentrations of extracellular AA promote bacterial growth in the absence of induced defense elicitation but contribute to suppressing bacterial growth upon MAMP perception. Overall, the data presented in this study reveal a mechanistic connection between MAMP-induced plant defense and suppression of bacterial growth through the modulation of AA transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Pramod Khadka
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Patryk Puchalski
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Joss D Leehan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Franco R Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
| | | | - Guillaume Pilot
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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10
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Feng ZQ, Wang X, Li T, Wang XF, Li HF, You CX. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of genes encoding AAPs in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Gene X 2022; 832:146558. [PMID: 35569773 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid permeases (AAPs) play important roles in plant amino acid transport and nitrogen metabolism. In this study, we carried a comprehensive analysis for apple genes encoding AAPs using bioinformatics and molecular biology. Eleven MdAAPs were identified by a genome-wide search and comparative genomic analysis revealed relatively conserved gene composition, transmembrane characteristics, and protein structures. Phylogenetic tree construction and analysis of the conserved motifs of MdAAPs and AtAAPs showed that AAPs can be classified into three groups (I, II, and III). We compared the promoters of the identified genes and did gene functional annotation and qRT-PCR and found a relationship between apple AAPs and nitrogen deficiency. The expression profile data implied that MdAAPs exhibit diversified distributions and functions in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Quan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Feng Li
- Shandong Institue of Pomology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Wang X, Zheng J, Men Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Han Y, Hou S, Sun Z. Amino acid transporter (AAT) gene family in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn.): Characterization, expression analysis and functional prediction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:330-344. [PMID: 35839952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn., TB) is an ancient minor crop and an important food source for humans to supplement nutrients such as flavonoids and essential amino acids. Amino acid transporters (AATs) play critical roles in plant growth and development through the transport of amino acids. In this study, 104 AATs were identified in TB genome and divided into 11 subfamilies by phylogenetic relationships. Tandem and segmental duplications promoted the expansion of FtAAT gene family, and the variations of gene sequence, protein structure and expression pattern were the main reasons for the functional differentiation of FtAATs. Based on RNA-seq and qRT-PCR, the expression patterns of FtAATs in different tissues and under different abiotic stresses were analyzed, and several candidate FtAATs that might affect grain development and response to abiotic stresses were identified, such as FtAAP12 and FtCAT7. Finally, combined with the previous studies, the expression patterns and phylogenetic relationships of AATs in multiple species, the functions of multiple high-confidence FtAAT genes were predicted, and the schematic diagram of FtAATs in TB was initially drawn. Overall, this work provided a framework for further functional analysis of FtAAT genes and important clues for the improvement of TB quality and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinfang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihan Men
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Yijuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China
| | - Siyu Hou
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- College of Agriculture, Ministerial and Provincial Co-Innovation Centre for Endemic Crops Production with High-quality and Effciency in Loess Plateau, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Kumar P, Eriksen RL, Simko I, Shi A, Mou B. Insights into nitrogen metabolism in the wild and cultivated lettuce as revealed by transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9852. [PMID: 35701518 PMCID: PMC9197935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers applied during lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production are lost due to leaching or volatilization, causing severe environmental pollution and increased costs of production. Developing lettuce varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is the eco-friendly solution to reduce nitrogen pollution. Hence, in-depth knowledge of nitrogen metabolism and assimilation genes and their regulation is critical for developing high NUE varieties. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptomic analysis of the cultivated lettuce (L. sativa L.) and its wild progenitor (L. serriola) under high and low nitrogen conditions. A total of 2,704 differentially expressed genes were identified. Key enriched biological processes included photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction process, chlorophyll biosynthetic process, and cell redox homeostasis. The transcription factors (TFs) belonging to the ethylene responsive factor family and basic helix-loop-helix family were among the top differentially expressed TFs. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis we constructed nine co-expression modules. Among these, two modules were further investigated because of their significant association with total nitrogen content and photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II. Three highly correlated clusters were identified which included hub genes for nitrogen metabolism, secondary metabolites, and carbon assimilation, and were regulated by cluster specific TFs. We found that the expression of nitrogen transportation and assimilation genes varied significantly between the two lettuce species thereby providing the opportunity of introgressing wild alleles into the cultivated germplasm for developing lettuce cultivars with more efficient use of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA.
| | - Renee L Eriksen
- Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Ivan Simko
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Beiquan Mou
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
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13
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Zhang H, Rutherford S, Qi S, Huang P, Dai Z, Du D. Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana roots in response to allelopathic effects of Conyza canadensis. Ecotoxicology 2022; 31:53-63. [PMID: 34647200 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying allelopathy and their role in the interactions between invasive weeds and native species remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the physiological and molecular response of plant roots of a native species to allelopathy from an invasive weed. We examined the growth and development of roots of native Arabidopsis thaliana for a 2-week period after being treated with aqueous extracts at different concentrations from invasive Conyza canadensis. Extracts with higher concentration in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media (i.e., 4 mg of extract/mL of MS) significantly affected the root growth of A. thaliana. Roots of A. thaliana displayed weakened root tip activity and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to extracts from C. canadensis. The transcriptome analysis of A. thaliana roots exposed to phytotoxicity revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cell wall formation, abiotic stress, transporter genes and signal transduction. We found that genes associated with nutrient transport, such as major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and amino acid permease (AAP3) transporters as well as genes involved in stress response, including leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs) were down-regulated. In addition, we found that many transcription factors associated with plant stress (such as APETALA2/ethylene response factors) were up-regulated while others (e.g., zinc-finger proteins) were down-regulated. Allelochemicals from C. canadensis also induced the up-regulation of detoxification (DTX) genes, ROS related genes, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) and calmodulin. Overall, our findings provided insights into allelopathy in C. canadensis at the molecular level, and contributes to our understanding of invasion mechanisms of alien plant species. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: This study does not contain any studies with clinical trials performed by any of the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Puqian Street 149, Changzhou, 213000, PR China
| | - Susan Rutherford
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, MrsMacquaries Road, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
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14
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Wong ACS, Massel K, Lam Y, Hintzsche J, Chauhan BS. Biotechnological Road Map for Innovative Weed Management. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:887723. [PMID: 35548307 PMCID: PMC9082642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In most agriculture farmlands, weed management is predominantly reliant on integrated weed management (IWM) strategies, such as herbicide application. However, the overuse and misuse of herbicides, coupled with the lack of novel active ingredients, has resulted in the uptrend of herbicide-resistant weeds globally. Moreover, weedy traits that contribute to weed seed bank persistence further exacerbate the challenges in weed management. Despite ongoing efforts in identifying and improving current weed management processes, the pressing need for novel control techniques in agricultural weed management should not be overlooked. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing systems, coupled with the recent advances in "omics" and cheaper sequencing technologies, has brought into focus the potential of managing weeds in farmlands through direct genetic control approaches, but could be achieved stably or transiently. These approaches encompass a range of technologies that could potentially manipulate expression of key genes in weeds to reduce its fitness and competitiveness, or, by altering the crop to improve its competitiveness or herbicide tolerance. The push for reducing or circumventing the use of chemicals in farmlands has provided an added incentive to develop practical and feasible molecular approaches for weed management, although there are significant technical, practical, and regulatory challenges for utilizing these prospective molecular technologies in weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chern Sun Wong
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Albert Chern Sun Wong,
| | - Karen Massel
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yasmine Lam
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Hintzsche
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
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15
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Feng L, Yu Y, Lin S, Yang T, Chen Q, Liu L, Sun J, Zheng P, Zhang Z, Wan X. Tonoplast-Localized Theanine Transporter CsCAT2 May Mediate Theanine Storage in the Root of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis L.). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:797854. [PMID: 34975988 PMCID: PMC8719441 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.797854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theanine is the component endowing tea infusion with "umami" taste and antidepression benefits. Theanine is primarily synthesized and stored in root in winter and is transported via vascular tissues to the new shoot in spring. However, the mechanism underlying theanine storage in the root of tea plants remains largely unknown. Cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CsCAT2) in tea plants is homologous to glutamine permease 1 (GNP1), the specific glutamine transporter in yeast. In this study, we identified CsCAT2 as an H+-dependent theanine transporter with medium affinity for theanine. The result of subcellular localization showed that CsCAT2 was a tonoplast-localized transporter. Importantly, CsCAT2 highly expressed in the root in winter during theanine storage and reduced its expression in the root during theanine transport from root-to-shoot in spring. In addition, CsCAT2 expression in the roots of 5 varieties at four time points during December and April was significant negatively correlated with the capacity of theanine root-to-shoot movement. Taken together, these results suggested that CsCAT2 may mediate theanine storage in the vacuole of root cells and may negatively modulate theanine transport from root to shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shijia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, School of Tea and Food science and Technology, Anhui Agricutural University, Hefei, China
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16
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Dhatterwal P, Mehrotra S, Miller AJ, Mehrotra R. Promoter profiling of Arabidopsis amino acid transporters: clues for improving crops. Plant Mol Biol 2021; 107:451-475. [PMID: 34674117 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the importance of amino acid transporters in plant growth, development, stress tolerance, and productivity. The promoter analysis provides valuable insights into their functionality leading to agricultural benefits. Arabidopsis thaliana genome is speculated to possess more than 100 amino acid transporter genes. This large number suggests the functional significance of amino acid transporters in plant growth and development. The current article summarizes the substrate specificity, cellular localization, tissue-specific expression, and expression of the amino acid transporter genes in response to environmental cues. However, till date functionality of a majority of amino acid transporter genes in plant development and stress tolerance is unexplored. Considering, that gene expression is mainly regulated by the regulatory motifs localized in their promoter regions at the transcriptional levels. The promoter regions ( ~ 1-kbp) of these amino acid transporter genes were analysed for the presence of cis-regulatory motifs responsive to developmental and external cues. This analysis can help predict the functionality of known and unexplored amino acid transporters in different tissues, organs, and various growth and development stages and responses to external stimuli. Furthermore, based on the promoter analysis and utilizing the microarray expression data we have attempted to identify plausible candidates (listed below) that might be targeted for agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Dhatterwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Sandhya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Rajesh Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India.
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17
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Yang D, Liu Y, Cheng H, Wang Q, Lv L, Zhang Y, Zuo D, Song G. Genome-Wide Analysis of AAT Genes and Their Expression Profiling during Fiber Development in Cotton. Plants 2021; 10:plants10112461. [PMID: 34834823 PMCID: PMC8619630 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are a kind of membrane proteins that mediate the transport of amino acids across cell membranes in higher plants. The AAT proteins are involved in regulating plant cell growth and various developmental processes. However, the biological function of this gene family in cotton fiber development is not clear. In this study, 190, 190, 101, and 94 full-length AAT genes were identified from Gossypiumhirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii. A total of 575 AAT genes from the four cotton species were divided into two subfamilies and 12 clades based on phylogenetic analysis. The AAT genes in the four cotton species were distributed on all the chromosomes. All GhAAT genes contain multiple exons, and each GhAAT protein has multiple conserved motifs. Transcriptional profiling and RT qPCR analysis showed that four GhATT genes tend to express specifically at the fiber initiation stage. Eight genes tend to express specifically at the fiber elongation and maturity stage, and four genes tend to express specifically at the fiber initiation and elongation stages. Our results provide a solid basis for further elucidating the biological function of AAT genes related to cotton fiber development and offer valuable genetic resources for crop improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Yang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Limin Lv
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Youping Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (G.S.); Tel.: +86-037-2256-2375 (D.Z.); +86-037-2256-2377 (G.S.)
| | - Guoli Song
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (D.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (Q.W.); (L.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (D.Z.); (G.S.); Tel.: +86-037-2256-2375 (D.Z.); +86-037-2256-2377 (G.S.)
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18
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Song X, Liu H, Bu D, Xu H, Ma Q, Pei D. Rejuvenation remodels transcriptional network to improve rhizogenesis in mature Juglans tree. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:1938-1952. [PMID: 34014320 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious rooting of walnut species (Juglans L.) is known to be rather difficult, especially for mature trees. The adventitious root formation (ARF) capacities of mature trees can be significantly improved by rejuvenation. However, the underlying gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of rejuvenation remain largely unknown. To characterize such regulatory networks, we carried out the transcriptomic study using RNA samples of the cambia and peripheral tissues on the bottom of rejuvenated and mature walnut (Juglans hindsii × J. regia) cuttings during the ARF. The RNA sequencing data suggested that zeatin biosynthesis, energy metabolism and substance metabolism were activated by rejuvenation, whereas photosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and the synthesis pathways for secondary metabolites were inhibited. The inter- and intra-module GRNs were constructed using differentially expressed genes. We identified 35 hub genes involved in five modules associated with ARF. Among these hub genes, particularly, beta-glucosidase-like (BGLs) family members involved in auxin metabolism were overexpressed at the early stage of the ARF. Furthermore, BGL12 from the cuttings of Juglans was overexpressed in Populus alba × P. glandulosa. Accelerated ARF and increased number of ARs were observed in the transgenic poplars. These results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene activity during ARF and help to uncover the regulatory modules associated with the ARF promoted by rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dechao Bu
- Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.6 Kexueyuan South Road Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huzhi Xu
- Forestry Bureau of Luoning County, Luoning County, Luoyang City, Henan Province 471700, China
| | - Qingguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, the Chinese Academy of Forestry, 1958 Box, Beijing 100091, China
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19
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McIntyre KE, Bush DR, Argueso CT. Cytokinin Regulation of Source-Sink Relationships in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:677585. [PMID: 34504504 PMCID: PMC8421792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.677585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are plant hormones known for their role in mediating plant growth. First discovered for their ability to promote cell division, this class of hormones is now associated with many other cellular and physiological functions. One of these functions is the regulation of source-sink relationships, a tightly controlled process that is essential for proper plant growth and development. As discovered more recently, cytokinins are also important for the interaction of plants with pathogens, beneficial microbes and insects. Here, we review the importance of cytokinins in source-sink relationships in plants, with relation to both carbohydrates and amino acids, and highlight a possible function for this regulation in the context of plant biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. McIntyre
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Daniel R. Bush
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cristiana T. Argueso
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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20
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Singh A, Singh S, Singh R, Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh IK. Dynamics of Zea mays transcriptome in response to a polyphagous herbivore, Spodoptera litura. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:571-592. [PMID: 34415472 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Zea mays defense response is well-crafted according to the physical and chemical weapons utilized by their invaders during the coevolutionary period. Maize plants employ diversified defense strategies and alter the spatiotemporal distribution of several classes of defensive compounds to affect insect herbivore performance. However, only little knowledge is available about the defense orchestration of maize in response to Spodoptera litura, a voracious Noctuidae pest. In order to decipher the defense status of Zea mays (African tall variety) against S. litura, a comparative feeding bioassay was executed, which revealed reduced performance of the herbivore on maize. In order to understand the molecular mechanism behind maize tolerance against S. litura, a microarray-based genome-wide expression analysis was performed. The comparative analysis displayed 792 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), wherein 357 genes were upregulated and 435 genes were downregulated at fold change ≥ 2 and p value ≤ 0.05. The upregulated genes were identified and categorized as defense-related, oxidative stress-related, transcription regulatory genes, protein synthesis genes, phytohormone-related, and primary and secondary metabolism-related. In contrast, downregulated genes were mainly associated with plant growth and development, indicating a balance of growth and defense response and utilization of a highly evolved C-diversion response were noticed. Maize plants showed better tolerance against herbivory and maintained its fitness using a combinatorial strategy. This peculiar response of Zea mays against S. litura offers an excellent possibility of managing polyphagous pests by spicing up the plant's defensive response with tolerance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sujata Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, Delhi-110019, India
| | - Ragini Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, Delhi-110019, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Singh
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, Delhi-110019, India. .,DBC i4 Centre, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, Delhi-110019, India.
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21
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Li F, Dong C, Yang T, Bao S, Fang W, Lucas WJ, Zhang Z. The tea plant CsLHT1 and CsLHT6 transporters take up amino acids, as a nitrogen source, from the soil of organic tea plantations. Hortic Res 2021; 8:178. [PMID: 34333546 PMCID: PMC8325676 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic tea is more popular than conventional tea that originates from fertilized plants. Amino acids inorganic soils constitute a substantial pool nitrogen (N) available for plants. However, the amino-acid contents in soils of tea plantations and how tea plants take up these amino acids remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that the amino-acid content in the soil of an organic tea plantation is significantly higher than that of a conventional tea plantation. Glutamate, alanine, valine, and leucine were the most abundant amino acids in the soil of this tea plantation. When 15N-glutamate was fed to tea plants, it was efficiently absorbed and significantly increased the contents of other amino acids in the roots. We cloned seven CsLHT genes encoding amino-acid transporters and found that the expression of CsLHT1, CsLHT2, and CsLHT6 in the roots significantly increased upon glutamate feeding. Moreover, the expression of CsLHT1 or CsLHT6 in a yeast amino-acid uptake-defective mutant, 22∆10α, enabled growth on media with amino acids constituting the sole N source. Amino-acid uptake assays indicated that CsLHT1 and CsLHT6 are H+-dependent high- and low-affinity amino-acid transporters, respectively. We further demonstrated that CsLHT1 and CsLHT6 are highly expressed in the roots and are localized to the plasma membrane. Moreover, overexpression of CsLHT1 and CsLHT6 in Arabidopsis significantly improved the uptake of exogenously supplied 15N-glutamate and 15N-glutamine. Taken together, our findings are consistent with the involvement of CsLHT1 and CsLHT6 in amino-acid uptake from the soil, which is particularly important for tea plants grown inorganic tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunxia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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22
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Yang Y, Chai Y, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhao Z, Amo A, Cui C, Lu Q, Chen L, Hu YG. Amino acid transporter (AAT) gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.): widespread family expansion, functional differentiation, roles in quality formation and response to abiotic stresses. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:519. [PMID: 34238217 PMCID: PMC8268433 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amino acid transporters (AATs) plays an essential roles in growth and development of plants, including amino acids long-range transport, seed germination, quality formation, responsiveness to pathogenic bacteria and abiotic stress by modulating the transmembrane transfer of amino acids. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screening to analyze the AAT genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), especially those associated with quality formation and abiotic stresses response. Results A total number of 94 AAT genes were identified and divided into 12 subfamilies by their sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationship. A large number (58/94, 62%) of AAT genes in foxtail millet were expanded via gene duplication, involving 13 tandem and 12 segmental duplication events. Tandemly duplicated genes had a significant impact on their functional differentiation via sequence variation, structural variation and expression variation. Further comparison in multiple species showed that in addition to paralogous genes, the expression variations of the orthologous AAT genes also contributed to their functional differentiation. The transcriptomic comparison of two millet cultivars verified the direct contribution of the AAT genes such as SiAAP1, SiAAP8, and SiAUX2 in the formation of grain quality. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis suggested that several AAT genes continuously responded to diverse abiotic stresses, such as SiATLb1, SiANT1. Finally, combined with the previous studies and analysis on sequence characteristics and expression patterns of AAT genes, the possible functions of the foxtail millet AAT genes were predicted. Conclusion This study for the first time reported the evolutionary features, functional differentiation, roles in the quality formation and response to abiotic stresses of foxtail millet AAT gene family, thus providing a framework for further functional analysis of SiAAT genes, and also contributing to the applications of AAT genes in improving the quality and resistance to abiotic stresses of foxtail millet, and other cereal crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07779-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongmao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhangchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aduragbemi Amo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunge Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiumei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yin-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Regions of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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23
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Holzheu P, Krebs M, Larasati C, Schumacher K, Kummer U. An integrative view on vacuolar pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana: Combining mathematical modeling and experimentation. Plant J 2021; 106:1541-1556. [PMID: 33780094 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The acidification of plant vacuoles is of great importance for various physiological processes, as a multitude of secondary active transporters utilize the proton gradient established across the vacuolar membrane. Vacuolar-type H+ -translocating ATPases and a pyrophosphatase are thought to enable vacuoles to accumulate protons against their electrochemical potential. However, recent studies pointed to the ATPase located at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) to contribute to vacuolar acidification in a manner not understood as of now. Here, we combined experimental data and computational modeling to test different hypotheses for vacuolar acidification mechanisms. For this, we analyzed different models with respect to their ability to describe existing experimental data. To better differentiate between alternative acidification mechanisms, new experimental data have been generated. By fitting the models to the experimental data, we were able to prioritize the hypothesis in which vesicular trafficking of Ca2+ /H+ -antiporters from the TGN/EE to the vacuolar membrane and the activity of ATP-dependent Ca2+ -pumps at the tonoplast might explain the residual acidification observed in Arabidopsis mutants defective in vacuolar proton pump activity. The presented modeling approach provides an integrative perspective on vacuolar pH regulation in Arabidopsis and holds potential to guide further experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Holzheu
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, COS Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Catharina Larasati
- Department of Cell Biology, COS Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, COS Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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24
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Zhu QH, Stiller W, Moncuquet P, Gordon S, Yuan Y, Barnes S, Wilson I. Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant. G3 (Bethesda) 2021; 11:1-14. [PMID: 33704434 PMCID: PMC8022719 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0-6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hao Zhu
- Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | | | - Philippe Moncuquet
- Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Stuart Gordon
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Yuman Yuan
- Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Scott Barnes
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Iain Wilson
- Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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25
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Hasan MM, Rima R. Genetic engineering to improve essential and conditionally essential amino acids in maize: transporter engineering as a reference. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:207-220. [PMID: 33583006 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants and humans are unable to synthesize essential amino acids (EAAs) and conditionally essential amino acids (CEAAs) under normal conditions and need to acquire them from plant sources. Maize plays, as a major crop, a central role in global food security. However, maize is deficient in several EAAs and CEAAs. Genetic engineering has been successfully used to enrich the EAA content of maize to some extent, including the content of Lys, Trp, and Met. However, research on other EAAs is lacking. Genetic engineering provides several viable approaches for increasing the EAA content in maize, including transformation of a single gene, transformation of multiple genes in a single cassette, overexpression of putative amino acid transporters, engineering the amino acid biosynthesis pathway including silencing of feedback inhibition enzymes, and overexpression of major enzymes in this pathway. These challenging processes require a deep understanding of the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of individual amino acids, and the interaction of individual amino acids with other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Rima Rima
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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26
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Valadares RBS, Marroni F, Sillo F, Oliveira RRM, Balestrini R, Perotto S. A Transcriptomic Approach Provides Insights on the Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of the Mediterranean Orchid Limodorum abortivum in Nature. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:251. [PMID: 33525474 PMCID: PMC7911150 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of orchid mycorrhizal interactions is particularly complex because of the peculiar life cycle of these plants and their diverse trophic strategies. Here, transcriptomics has been applied to investigate gene expression in the mycorrhizal roots of Limodorum abortivum, a terrestrial mixotrophic orchid that associates with ectomycorrhizal fungi in the genus Russula. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying plant-fungus interactions in adult orchids in nature and in particular into the plant responses to the mycorrhizal symbiont(s) in the roots of mixotrophic orchids. Our results indicate that amino acids may represent the main nitrogen source in mycorrhizal roots of L. abortivum, as already suggested for orchid protocorms and other orchid species. The upregulation, in mycorrhizal L. abortivum roots, of some symbiotic molecular marker genes identified in mycorrhizal roots from other orchids as well as in arbuscular mycorrhiza, may mirror a common core of plant genes involved in endomycorrhizal symbioses. Further efforts will be required to understand whether the specificities of orchid mycorrhiza depend on fine-tuned regulation of these common components, or whether specific additional genes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. S. Valadares
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, 66050-000 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (R.B.S.V.); (R.R.M.O.)
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Via delle Scienze, I-33100 Udine, Italy;
- Istituto di Genomica Applicata, Via Linussio 51, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Renato R. M. Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, 66050-000 Belém, Pará, Brazil; (R.B.S.V.); (R.R.M.O.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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27
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Tian R, Yang Y, Chen M. Genome-wide survey of the amino acid transporter gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Identification, expression analysis and response to abiotic stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1372-1387. [PMID: 32781128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs), which transport amino acids across cell membranes, play important roles in alleviating plant damage under stresses and in plant growth. To data, little is known about the AAT genes in wheat because of its complex genome. In this study, a total of 296 AAT genes were identified from the latest wheat genome sequence (IWGSC v1.1) and classified into 12 distinct subfamilies based upon their sequence composition and phylogenetic relationship. The expansion of the wheat AAT family was mainly the results of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and tandem events. The unequal expansion of different subfamilies brought new features to TaAATs. TaAATs were highly expressed and exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. On the basis of homology and expression pattern analysis, we identified several wheat AAT family members that may affect grain quality. In addition, TaAAP3, TaATLa2 and TaATLb13 exhibited sustained expression in response to drought and high-temperature stress. These genes are involved in the response of wheat to abiotic stress by regulating the transport and distribution of amino acids. Overall, our results help to understand the complexity of TaAATs and provide a theoretical basis for further identification and utilization of AATs in wheat and other crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizheng Tian
- Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Maohua Chen
- Northwest A&F University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China.
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Liu S, Wang D, Mei Y, Xia T, Xu W, Zhang Y, You X, Zhang X, Li L, Wang NN. Overexpression of GmAAP6a enhances tolerance to low nitrogen and improves seed nitrogen status by optimizing amino acid partitioning in soybean. Plant Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1749-1762. [PMID: 31945255 PMCID: PMC7336375 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transport via phloem is one of the major source-to-sink nitrogen translocation pathways in most plant species. Amino acid permeases (AAPs) play essential roles in amino acid transport between plant cells and subsequent phloem or seed loading. In this study, a soybean AAP gene, annotated as GmAAP6a, was cloned and demonstrated to be significantly induced by nitrogen starvation. Histochemical staining of GmAAP6a:GmAAP6a-GUS transgenic soybean revealed that GmAAP6a is predominantly expressed in phloem and xylem parenchyma cells. Growth and transport studies using toxic amino acid analogs or single amino acids as a sole nitrogen source suggest that GmAAP6a can selectively absorb and transport neutral and acidic amino acids. Overexpression of GmAAP6a in Arabidopsis and soybean resulted in elevated tolerance to nitrogen limitation. Furthermore, the source-to-sink transfer of amino acids in the transgenic soybean was markedly improved under low nitrogen conditions. At the vegetative stage, GmAAP6a-overexpressing soybean showed significantly increased nitrogen export from source cotyledons and simultaneously enhanced nitrogen import into sink primary leaves. At the reproductive stage, nitrogen import into seeds was greatly enhanced under both sufficient and limited nitrogen conditions. Collectively, our results imply that overexpression of GmAAP6a enhances nitrogen stress tolerance and source-to-sink transport and improves seed quality in soybean. Co-expression of GmAAP6a with genes specialized in source nitrogen recycling and seed loading may represent an interesting application potential in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Dan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuanyuan Mei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tongmei Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wei Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiang You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ning Ning Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein SciencesDepartment of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Yao X, Nie J, Bai R, Sui X. Amino Acid Transporters in Plants: Identification and Function. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9080972. [PMID: 32751984 PMCID: PMC7466100 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are the main mediators of nitrogen distribution throughout the plant body, and are essential for sustaining growth and development. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the identity and biological functions of amino acid transporters in plants, and discuss the regulation of amino acid transporters in response to environmental stimuli. We focus on transporter function in amino acid assimilation and phloem loading and unloading, as well as on the molecular identity of amino acid exporters. Moreover, we discuss the effects of amino acid transport on carbon assimilation, as well as their cross-regulation, which is at the heart of sustainable agricultural production.
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Yang G, Wei Q, Huang H, Xia J. Amino Acid Transporters in Plant Cells: A Brief Review. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E967. [PMID: 32751704 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are not only a nitrogen source that can be directly absorbed by plants, but also the major transport form of organic nitrogen in plants. A large number of amino acid transporters have been identified in different plant species. Despite belonging to different families, these amino acid transporters usually exhibit some general features, such as broad expression pattern and substrate selectivity. This review mainly focuses on transporters involved in amino acid uptake, phloem loading and unloading, xylem-phloem transfer, import into seed and intracellular transport in plants. We summarize the other physiological roles mediated by amino acid transporters, including development regulation, abiotic stress tolerance and defense response. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of amino acid transporters for crop genetic improvement.
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Ram C, Annamalai M, Koramutla MK, Kansal R, Arora A, Jain PK, Bhattacharya R. Characterization of STP4 promoter in Indian mustard Brassica juncea for use as an aphid responsive promoter. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2013-2033. [PMID: 32676799 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brassica juncea, a major oilseed crop, suffers substantial yield losses due to infestation by mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi). Unavailability of resistance genes within the accessible gene pool underpins significance of the transgenic strategy in developing aphid resistance. In this study, we aimed for the identification of an aphid-responsive promoter from B. juncea, based on the available genomic resources. RESULTS A monosaccharide transporter gene, STP4 in B. juncea was activated by aphids and sustained increased expression as the aphids colonized the plants. We cloned the upstream intergenic region of STP4 and validated its stand-alone aphid-responsive promoter activity. Further, deletion analysis identified the putative cis-elements important for the aphid responsive promoter activity. CONCLUSION The identified STP4 promoter can potentially be used for driving high level aphid-inducible expression of transgenes in plants. Use of aphid-responsive promoter instead of constitutive promoters can potentially reduce the metabolic burden of transgene-expression on the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chet Ram
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Muthuganeshan Annamalai
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Murali Krishna Koramutla
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rekha Kansal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ajay Arora
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pradeep K Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ramcharan Bhattacharya
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Zhou T, Yue CP, Huang JY, Cui JQ, Liu Y, Wang WM, Tian C, Hua YP. Genome-wide identification of the amino acid permease genes and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:151. [PMID: 32268885 PMCID: PMC7140331 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N), referred to as a "life element", is a macronutrient essential for optimal plant growth and yield production. Amino acid (AA) permease (AAP) genes play pivotal roles in root import, long-distance translocation, remobilization of organic amide-N from source organs to sinks, and other environmental stress responses. However, few systematic analyses of AAPs have been reported in Brassica napus so far. RESULTS In this study, we identified a total of 34 full-length AAP genes representing eight subgroups (AAP1-8) from the allotetraploid rapeseed genome (AnAnCnCn, 2n = 4x = 38). Great differences in the homolog number among the BnaAAP subgroups might indicate their significant differential roles in the growth and development of rapeseed plants. The BnaAAPs were phylogenetically divided into three evolutionary clades, and the members in the same subgroups had similar physiochemical characteristics, gene/protein structures, and conserved AA transport motifs. Darwin's evolutionary analysis suggested that BnaAAPs were subjected to strong purifying selection pressure. Cis-element analysis showed potential differential transcriptional regulation of AAPs between the model Arabidopsis and B. napus. Differential expression of BnaAAPs under nitrate limitation, ammonium excess, phosphate shortage, boron deficiency, cadmium toxicity, and salt stress conditions indicated their potential involvement in diverse nutrient stress responses. CONCLUSIONS The genome-wide identification of BnaAAPs will provide a comprehensive insight into their family evolution and AAP-mediated AA transport under diverse abiotic stresses. The molecular characterization of core AAPs can provide elite gene resources and contribute to the genetic improvement of crop stress resistance through the modulation of AA transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Cai-peng Yue
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Jin-yong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Jia-qian Cui
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Wen-ming Wang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Chuang Tian
- Sinochem Modern Agricultural Platform, Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Ying-peng Hua
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
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Dellero Y. Manipulating Amino Acid Metabolism to Improve Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency for a Sustainable Agriculture. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:602548. [PMID: 33329673 PMCID: PMC7733991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.602548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In a context of a growing worldwide food demand coupled to the need to develop a sustainable agriculture, it is crucial to improve crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while reducing field N inputs. Classical genetic approaches based on natural allelic variations existing within crops have led to the discovery of quantitative trait loci controlling NUE under low nitrogen conditions; however, the identification of candidate genes from mapping studies is still challenging. Amino acid metabolism is the cornerstone of plant N management, which involves N uptake, assimilation, and remobilization efficiencies, and it is finely regulated during acclimation to low N conditions and other abiotic stresses. Over the last two decades, biotechnological engineering of amino acid metabolism has led to promising results for the improvement of crop NUE, and more recently under low N conditions. This review summarizes current work carried out in crops and provides perspectives on the identification of new candidate genes and future strategies for crop improvement.
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Shi T, Joshi V, Joshi M, Vitha S, Gibbs H, Wang K, Okumoto S. Broad-Spectrum Amino Acid Transporters ClAAP3 and ClAAP6 Expressed in Watermelon Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5855. [PMID: 31766598 PMCID: PMC6928636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon fruit contains a high percentage of amino acid citrulline (Cit) and arginine (Arg). Cit and Arg accumulation in watermelon fruit are most likely mediated by both de novo synthesis from other amino acids within fruits and direct import from source tissues (leaves) through the phloem. The amino acid transporters involved in the import of Cit, Arg, and their precursors into developing fruits of watermelon have not been reported. In this study, we have compiled the list of putative amino acid transporters in watermelon and characterized transporters that are expressed in the early stage of fruit development. Using the yeast complementation study, we characterized ClAAP3 (Cla023187) and ClAAP6 (Cla023090) as functional amino acid transporters belonging to the family of amino acid permease (AAP) genes. The yeast growth and uptake assays of radiolabeled amino acid suggested that ClAAP3 and ClAAP6 can transport a broad spectrum of amino acids. Expression of translational fusion proteins with a GFP reporter in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves confirmed the ER- and plasma membrane-specific localization, suggesting the role of ClAAP proteins in the cellular import of amino acids. Based on the gene expression profiles and functional characterization, ClAAP3 and ClAAP6 are expected to play a major role in regulation of amino acid import into developing watermelon fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianran Shi
- Department of Soil and Crop, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Vijay Joshi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA; (V.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Madhumita Joshi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Uvalde, TX 78801, USA; (V.J.); (M.J.)
| | - Stanislav Vitha
- Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; (S.V.); (H.G.)
| | - Holly Gibbs
- Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; (S.V.); (H.G.)
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Sakiko Okumoto
- Department of Soil and Crop, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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de Ï Vila Silva L, Condori-Apfata JA, Costa PMDA, Martino PBO, Tavares ACA, Marcelino MM, Raimundi SBCJR, Picoli EADT, Araï Jo WL, Zsï Gï N A, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A. Source Strength Modulates Fruit Set by Starch Turnover and Export of Both Sucrose and Amino Acids in Pepper. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:2319-2330. [PMID: 31268146 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fruit set is an important yield-related parameter, which varies drastically due to genetic and environmental factors. Here, two commercial cultivars of Capsicum chinense (Biquinho and Habanero) were evaluated in response to light intensity (unshaded and shaded) and N supply (deficiency and sufficiency) to understand the role of source strength on fruit set at the metabolic level. We assessed the metabolic balance of primary metabolites in source leaves during the flowering period. Furthermore, we investigated the metabolic balance of the same metabolites in flowers to gain more insights into their influence on fruit set. Genotype and N supply had a strong effect on fruit set and the levels of primary metabolites, whereas light intensity had a moderate effect. Higher fruit set was mainly related to the export of both sucrose and amino acids from source leaves to flowers. Additionally, starch turnover in source leaves, but not in flowers, had a central role on the sucrose supply to sink organs at night. In flowers, our results not only confirmed the role of the daily supply of carbohydrates on fruit set but also indicated a potential role of the balance of amino acids and malate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Ï Vila Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Brandï O Martino
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana C Azevedo Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wagner L Araï Jo
- Max-Planck Partner Group, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsï Gï N
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Laboratory, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Vi�osa, Vi�osa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhou W, Chen Q, Wang XB, Hughes TO, Liu JJ, Zhang X. De novo assembly of the Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco transcriptome provides insight into the development and pollination mechanism of female cone based on RNA-Seq data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10191. [PMID: 31308452 PMCID: PMC6629706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For seed-bearing plants, the basis of seed and fruit formation is pollination. The normal progression of pollination is through advances in continuous signal exchange and material transfer, which occur mainly in female reproductive organs; thus, the molecular mechanism of development in female reproductive organs is vital for understanding the principle of pollination. However, molecular biology studies on the development of female cones related to pollination are rare and unclear in gymnosperms, especially in Cupressaceae. In this study, Platycladus orientalis, a monotypic genus within Cupressaceae, was chosen to examine female cone transcriptomes at pre-pollination and pollination stages by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology to de novo sequence six libraries with 3 biological replicates. These libraries were used to construct a P. orientalis transcriptome database containing 71,669 unigenes (4,963 upregulated unigenes and 11,747 downregulated unigenes at the pollination stage) for subsequent analysis. Based on the annotations and expression levels, the functions of differentially expressed unigenes and enriched pathways between the developmental processes of female cones were analysed to detail the preliminary development and pollination mechanism of the female cone. Targeted investigations were specifically performed to determine the elementary mechanism of secretion and functioning of the pollination drop, a vital ovule secretion at the pollination stage. Ultimately, the expression of 15 unigenes selected between two stages were further assessed and confirmed using qRT-PCR, which demonstrated reliable data and significant differences in the expression profiles of key genes. As one of the largest available transcriptomic resources of this species, the database is constructed to prospectively adapt to the physiological and genomic data of woody plants. This work provided the first transcriptome profile of P. orientalis female cones at different developmental stages, and will promote the illumination of the pollination mechanism of P. orientalis, and will serve as the basis for in-depth genomic study in the Cupressaceae family. This initiative will arouse the interest and attention of scholars and pave the way for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Tyler O Hughes
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture on the Loess Plateau State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P.R. China.
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Wiegmann M, Thomas WTB, Bull HJ, Flavell AJ, Zeyner A, Peiter E, Pillen K, Maurer A. "Wild barley serves as a source for biofortification of barley grains". Plant Sci 2019; 283:83-94. [PMID: 31128718 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuing growth of the human population creates an inevitable necessity for higher crop yields, which are mandatory for the supply with adequate amounts of food. However, increasing grain yield may lead to a reduction of grain quality, such as a decline in protein and mineral nutrient concentrations causing the so-called hidden hunger. To assess the interdependence between quantity and quality and to evaluate the biofortification potential of wild barley, we conducted field studies, examining the interplay between plant development, yield, and nutrient concentrations, using HEB-YIELD, a subset of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. A huge variation of nutrient concentration in grains was obtained, since we identified lines with a more than 50% higher grain protein, iron, and zinc concentration in comparison to the recurrent parent 'Barke'. We observed a negative relationship between grain yield and nutritional value in barley, indicated by predominantly negative correlations between yield and nutrient concentrations. Analyzing the genetic control of nutrient concentration in mature grains indicated that numerous genomic regions determine the final nutritional value of grains and wild alleles were frequently associated with higher nutrient concentrations. The targeted introgression of wild barley alleles may enable biofortification in future barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Wiegmann
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - William T B Thomas
- The James Hutton Institute (JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Hazel J Bull
- The James Hutton Institute (JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Andrew J Flavell
- University of Dundee at JHI, School of Life Sciences, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Animal Nutrition, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Nutrition, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Cosco J, Regina TMR, Scalise M, Galluccio M, Indiveri C. Regulatory Aspects of the Vacuolar CAT2 Arginine Transporter of S. lycopersicum: Role of Osmotic Pressure and Cations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E906. [PMID: 30791488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins are localized at the vacuolar membrane, but most of them are still poorly described, due to the inaccessibility of this membrane from the extracellular environment. This work focused on the characterization of the CAT2 transporter from S. lycopersicum (SlCAT2) that was previously overexpressed in E. coli and reconstituted in proteoliposomes for transport assay as [3H]Arg uptake. The orientation of the reconstituted transporter has been attempted and current data support the hypothesis that the protein is inserted in the liposome in the same orientation as in the vacuole. SlCAT2 activity was dependent on the pH, with an optimum at pH 7.5. SlCAT2 transport activity was stimulated by the increase of internal osmolality from 0 to 175 mOsmol while the activity was inhibited by the increase of external osmolality. K+, Na+, and Mg2+ present on the external side of proteoliposomes at physiological concentrations, inhibited the transport activity; differently, the cations had no effect when included in the internal proteoliposome compartment. This data highlighted an asymmetric regulation of SlCAT2. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate, included in the proteoliposomal membrane, stimulated the SlCAT2 transport activity. The homology model of the protein was built using, as a template, the 3D structure of the amino acid transporter GkApcT. Putative substrate binding residues and cholesterol binding domains were proposed. Altogether, the described results open new perspectives for studying the response of SlCAT2 and, in general, of plant vacuolar transporters to metabolic and environmental changes.
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Guo W, Zhang F, Bao A, You Q, Li Z, Chen J, Cheng Y, Zhao W, Shen X, Zhou X, Jiao Y. The soybean Rhg1 amino acid transporter gene alters glutamate homeostasis and jasmonic acid-induced resistance to soybean cyst nematode. Mol Plant Pathol 2019; 20:270-286. [PMID: 30264924 PMCID: PMC6637870 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhg1 (resistance to Heterodera glycines 1) is an important locus that contributes to resistance against soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), which is the most economically damaging disease of soybean worldwide. Simultaneous overexpression of three genes encoding a predicted amino acid transporter, an α-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (α-SNAP) and a predicted wound-induced protein resulted in resistance to SCN provided by this locus. However, the roles of two of these genes (excluding α-SNAP) remain unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization of Glyma.18G022400, a gene at the Rhg1 locus that encodes the predicted amino acid transporter Rhg1-GmAAT. Although the direct role of Rhg1-GmAAT in glutamate transport was not demonstrated, multiple lines of evidence showed that Rhg1-GmAAT impacts glutamic acid tolerance and glutamate transportation in soybean. Transcriptomic and metabolite profiling indicated that overexpression of Rhg1-GmAAT activated the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. Treatment with a JA biosynthesis inhibitor reduced the resistance provided by the Rhg1-containing PI88788 to SCN, which suggested that the JA pathway might play a role in Rhg1-mediated resistance to SCN. Our results could be helpful for the clarification of the mechanism of resistance to SCN provided by Rhg1 in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Aili Bao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Qingbo You
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesDaqingHeilongjiang163316China
| | - Jingsheng Chen
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesDaqingHeilongjiang163316China
| | - Yihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Xinjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Xinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of AgricultureOil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanHubei430062China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouHenan450002China
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Guo L, Wang P, Jaini R, Dudareva N, Chapple C, Morgan JA. Dynamic modeling of subcellular phenylpropanoid metabolism in Arabidopsis lignifying cells. Metab Eng 2018; 49:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Babst BA, Coleman GD. Seasonal nitrogen cycling in temperate trees: Transport and regulatory mechanisms are key missing links. Plant Sci 2018; 270:268-277. [PMID: 29576080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient accumulation, one of the major ecosystem services provided by forests, is largely due to the accumulation and retention of nutrients in trees. This review focuses on seasonal cycling of nitrogen (N), often the most limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems. When leaves are shed during autumn, much of the N may be resorbed and stored in the stem over winter, and then used for new stem and leaf growth in spring. A framework exists for understanding the metabolism and transport of N in leaves and stems during winter dormancy, but many of the underlying genes remain to be identified and/or verified. Transport of N during seasonal N cycling is a particularly weak link, since the physical pathways for loading and unloading of amino N to and from the phloem are poorly understood. Short-day photoperiod followed by decreasing temperatures are the environmental cues that stimulate dormancy induction, and nutrient remobilization and storage. However, beyond the involvement of phytochrome, very little is known about the signal transduction mechanisms that link environmental cues to nutrient remobilization and storage. We propose a model whereby nutrient transport and sensing plays a major role in source-sink transitions of leaves and stems during seasonal N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Babst
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Monticello, AR 71656, USA; School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA.
| | - Gary D Coleman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Jungnickel KEJ, Parker JL, Newstead S. Structural basis for amino acid transport by the CAT family of SLC7 transporters. Nat Commun 2018; 9:550. [PMID: 29416041 PMCID: PMC5803215 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids play essential roles in cell biology as regulators of metabolic pathways. Arginine in particular is a major signalling molecule inside the cell, being a precursor for both l-ornithine and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and a key regulator of the mTORC1 pathway. In mammals, cellular arginine availability is determined by members of the solute carrier (SLC) 7 family of cationic amino acid transporters. Whereas CAT-1 functions to supply cationic amino acids for cellular metabolism, CAT-2A and -2B are required for macrophage activation and play important roles in regulating inflammation. Here, we present the crystal structure of a close homologue of the mammalian CAT transporters that reveals how these proteins specifically recognise arginine. Our structural and functional data provide a model for cationic amino acid transport in mammalian cells and reveals mechanistic insights into proton-coupled, sodium-independent amino acid transport in the wider APC superfamily. Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) belong to the physiologically important solute carrier (SLC) 7 family. Here, the authors present the structure of the mammalian CAT transporter homologue Geobacillus kaustophilus GkApcT, which reveals how arginine is recognized, and propose a model for proton-coupled amino acid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Tegeder M, Masclaux-Daubresse C. Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use. New Phytol 2018; 217:35-53. [PMID: 29120059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 35 I. Introduction 35 II. Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation 36 III. Root-to-shoot transport of nitrogen 38 IV. Nitrogen storage pools in vegetative tissues 39 V. Nitrogen transport from source leaf to sink 40 VI. Nitrogen import into sinks 42 VII. Relationship between source and sink nitrogen transport processes and metabolism 43 VIII. Regulation of nitrogen transport 43 IX. Strategies for crop improvement 44 X. Conclusions 46 Acknowledgements 47 References 47 SUMMARY: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. World-wide, large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizer are applied to ensure maximum crop productivity. However, nitrogen fertilizer application is expensive and negatively affects the environment, and subsequently human health. A strategy to address this problem is the development of crops that are efficient in acquiring and using nitrogen and that can achieve high seed yields with reduced nitrogen input. This review integrates the current knowledge regarding inorganic and organic nitrogen management at the whole-plant level, spanning from nitrogen uptake to remobilization and utilization in source and sink organs. Plant partitioning and transient storage of inorganic and organic nitrogen forms are evaluated, as is how they affect nitrogen availability, metabolism and mobilization. Essential functions of nitrogen transporters in source and sink organs and their importance in regulating nitrogen movement in support of metabolism, and vegetative and reproductive growth are assessed. Finally, we discuss recent advances in plant engineering, demonstrating that nitrogen transporters are effective targets to improve crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. While inorganic and organic nitrogen transporters were examined separately in these studies, they provide valuable clues about how to successfully combine approaches for future crop engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Céline Masclaux-Daubresse
- INRA-AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles, France
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Lynch JH, Orlova I, Zhao C, Guo L, Jaini R, Maeda H, Akhtar T, Cruz-Lebron J, Rhodes D, Morgan J, Pilot G, Pichersky E, Dudareva N. Multifaceted plant responses to circumvent Phe hyperaccumulation by downregulation of flux through the shikimate pathway and by vacuolar Phe sequestration. Plant J 2017; 92:939-950. [PMID: 28977710 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental effects of hyperaccumulation of the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) in animals, known as phenylketonuria, are mitigated by excretion of Phe derivatives; however, how plants endure Phe accumulating conditions in the absence of an excretion system is currently unknown. To achieve Phe hyperaccumulation in a plant system, we simultaneously decreased in petunia flowers expression of all three Phe ammonia lyase (PAL) isoforms that catalyze the non-oxidative deamination of Phe to trans-cinnamic acid, the committed step for the major pathway of Phe metabolism. A total decrease in PAL activity by 81-94% led to an 18-fold expansion of the internal Phe pool. Phe accumulation had multifaceted intercompartmental effects on aromatic amino acid metabolism. It resulted in a decrease in the overall flux through the shikimate pathway, and a redirection of carbon flux toward the shikimate-derived aromatic amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. Accumulation of Phe did not lead to an increase in flux toward phenylacetaldehyde, for which Phe is a direct precursor. Metabolic flux analysis revealed this to be due to the presence of a distinct metabolically inactive pool of Phe, likely localized in the vacuole. We have identified a vacuolar cationic amino acid transporter (PhCAT2) that contributes to sequestering excess of Phe in the vacuole. In vitro assays confirmed PhCAT2 can transport Phe, and decreased PhCAT2 expression in PAL-RNAi transgenic plants resulted in 1.6-fold increase in phenylacetaldehyde emission. These results demonstrate mechanisms by which plants maintain intercompartmental aromatic amino acid homeostasis, and provide critical insight for future phenylpropanoid metabolic engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Irina Orlova
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Longyun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Rohit Jaini
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tariq Akhtar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - David Rhodes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Kuang Q, Zhang S, Wu P, Chen Y, Li M, Jiang H, Wu G. Global gene expression analysis of the response of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) to medium- and long-term nitrogen deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182700. [PMID: 28817702 PMCID: PMC5560629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is an important biofuel plant with excellent tolerance of barren environments. However, studies on the regulatory mechanisms that operate in this plant in response to nitrogen (N) shortage are scarce. In this study, genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the roots and leaves of 8-week old physic nut seedlings were analyzed after 2 and 16 days of N starvation. Enrichment results showed that genes associated with N metabolism, processing and regulation of RNA, and transport predominated among those showing alterations in expression. Genes encoding transporter families underwent major changes in expression in both roots and leaves; in particular, those with roles in ammonia, amino acid and peptide transport were generally up-regulated after long-term starvation, while AQUAPORIN genes, whose products function in osmoregulation, were down-regulated. We also found that ASPARA−GINASE B1 and SARCOSINE OXIDASE genes were up-regulated in roots and leaves after 2 and 16 d N starvation. Genes associated with ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation were significantly up-regulated. In addition, genes in the JA biosynthesis pathway were strongly activated while expression of those in GA signaling was inhibited in leaves. We showed that four major classes of genes, those with roles in N uptake, N reutilization, C/N ratio balance, and cell structure and synthesis, were particularly influenced by long-term N limitation. Our discoveries may offer clues to the molecular mechanisms that regulate N reallocation and reutilization so as to maintain or increase plant performance even under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HWJ); (GJW)
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HWJ); (GJW)
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Regina TMR, Galluccio M, Scalise M, Pochini L, Indiveri C. Bacterial production and reconstitution in proteoliposomes of Solanum lycopersicum CAT2: a transporter of basic amino acids and organic cations. Plant Mol Biol 2017; 94:657-667. [PMID: 28695314 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The vacuolar SlCAT2 was cloned, over-produced in E. coli and reconstituted in proteoliposomes. Arg, Ornithine and Lys were identified as substrates. Unexpectedly, also the organic cations Tetraethylammonium and Acetylcholine were transported indicating involvement of SlCAT2 in signaling. In land plants several transporters are involved in ion and metabolite flux across membranes of cells or intracellular organelles. The vacuolar amino acid transporter CAT2 from Solanum lycopersicum was investigated in this work. SlCAT2 was cloned from tomato flower cDNA, over-produced in Escherichia coli and purified by Nichel-chelating chromatography. For functional studies, the transporter was reconstituted in proteoliposomes. Competence of SlCAT2 for Arg transport was demonstrated measuring uptake of [3H]Arg in proteoliposomes which was trans-stimulated by internal Arg or ornithine. Uptake of [3H]Ornithine and [3H]Lys was also detected at lower efficiency with respect to [3H]Arg. Transport was activated by the presence of intraliposomal ATP suggesting regulation by the nucleotide. The prototype for organic cations tetraethylammonium (TEA) was also transported by SlCAT2. However, scarce reciprocal inhibition between TEA and Arg was found, while the biguanide metformin was able to strongly inhibit uptake of both substrates. These findings suggest that amino acids and organic cations may interact with the transporter through different functional groups some of which are common for the two types of substrates. Interestingly, reconstituted SlCAT2 showed competence for acetylcholine transport, which was also inhibited by metformin. Kinetics of Arg and Ach transport were performed from which Km values of 0.29 and 0.79 mM were derived, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maria Rosaria Regina
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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Zhang H, Yin L, Wang H, Wang G, Ma X, Li M, Wu H, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Yi H. Genome-wide identification of Hami melon miRNAs with putative roles during fruit development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180600. [PMID: 28742088 PMCID: PMC5524408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs represent a family of small endogenous, non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Hami melon is famous for its attractive flavor and excellent nutritional value, however, the mechanisms underlying the fruit development and ripening remains largely unknown. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing to investigate the roles of miRNAs during Hami melon fruit development. Two batches of flesh samples were collected at four fruit development stages. Small RNA sequencing yielded a total of 54,553,424 raw reads from eight libraries. 113 conserved miRNAs belonging to 30 miRNA families and nine novel miRNAs comprising nine miRNA families were identified. The expression of 42 conserved miRNAs and three Hami melon-specific miRNAs significantly changed during fruit development. Furthermore, 484 and 124 melon genes were predicted as putative targets of 29 conserved and nine Hami melon-specific miRNA families, respectively. GO enrichment analysis were performed on target genes, "transcription, DNA-dependent", "rRNA processing", "oxidation reduction", "signal transduction", "regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent", and "metabolic process" were the over-represented biological process terms. Cleavage sites of six target genes were validated using 5' RACE. Our results present a comprehensive set of identification and characterization of Hami melon fruit miRNAs and their potential targets, which provide valuable basis towards understanding the regulatory mechanisms in programmed process of normal Hami fruit development and ripening. Specific miRNAs could be selected for further research and applications in breeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yin
- ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiushi Fu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongping Yi
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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48
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Wan Y, King R, Mitchell RAC, Hassani-Pak K, Hawkesford MJ. Spatiotemporal expression patterns of wheat amino acid transporters reveal their putative roles in nitrogen transport and responses to abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5461. [PMID: 28710348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters have roles in amino acid uptake from soil, long-distance transport, remobilization from vegetative tissues and accumulation in grain. Critically, the majority of wheat grain nitrogen is derived from amino acids remobilized from vegetative organs. However, no systematic analysis of wheat AAT genes has been reported to date. Here, 283 full length wheat AAT genes representing 100 distinct groups of homeologs were identified and curated by selectively consolidating IWGSC CSSv2 and TGACv1 Triticum aestivum genome assemblies and reassembling or mapping of IWGSC CSS chromosome sorted reads to fill any gaps. Gene expression profiling was performed using public RNA-seq data from root, leaf, stem, spike, grain and grain cells (transfer cell (TC), aleurone cell (AL), and starchy endosperm (SE)). AATs highly expressed in roots are good candidates for amino acid uptake from soil whilst AATs highly expressed in senescing leaves and stems may be involved in translocation to grain. AATs in TC (TaAAP2 and TaAAP19) and SE (TaAAP13) may play important roles in determining grain protein content and grain yield. The expression levels of AAT homeologs showed unequal contributions in response to abiotic stresses and development, which may aid wheat adaptation to a wide range of environments.
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49
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Wan Y, King R, Mitchell RAC, Hassani-Pak K, Hawkesford MJ. Spatiotemporal expression patterns of wheat amino acid transporters reveal their putative roles in nitrogen transport and responses to abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28710348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04473-4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters have roles in amino acid uptake from soil, long-distance transport, remobilization from vegetative tissues and accumulation in grain. Critically, the majority of wheat grain nitrogen is derived from amino acids remobilized from vegetative organs. However, no systematic analysis of wheat AAT genes has been reported to date. Here, 283 full length wheat AAT genes representing 100 distinct groups of homeologs were identified and curated by selectively consolidating IWGSC CSSv2 and TGACv1 Triticum aestivum genome assemblies and reassembling or mapping of IWGSC CSS chromosome sorted reads to fill any gaps. Gene expression profiling was performed using public RNA-seq data from root, leaf, stem, spike, grain and grain cells (transfer cell (TC), aleurone cell (AL), and starchy endosperm (SE)). AATs highly expressed in roots are good candidates for amino acid uptake from soil whilst AATs highly expressed in senescing leaves and stems may be involved in translocation to grain. AATs in TC (TaAAP2 and TaAAP19) and SE (TaAAP13) may play important roles in determining grain protein content and grain yield. The expression levels of AAT homeologs showed unequal contributions in response to abiotic stresses and development, which may aid wheat adaptation to a wide range of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Wan
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Robert King
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Rowan A C Mitchell
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Computational and Analytical Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
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Murphree CA, Dums JT, Jain SK, Zhao C, Young DY, Khoshnoodi N, Tikunov A, Macdonald J, Pilot G, Sederoff H. Amino Acids Are an Ineffective Fertilizer for Dunaliella spp. Growth. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:847. [PMID: 28603530 PMCID: PMC5445130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic microalgae are a promising bioproducts platform. However, the fundamental requirements these organisms have for nitrogen fertilizer severely limit the impact and scale of their cultivation. As an alternative to inorganic fertilizers, we investigated the possibility of using amino acids from deconstructed biomass as a nitrogen source in the genus Dunaliella. We found that only four amino acids (glutamine, histidine, cysteine, and tryptophan) rescue Dunaliella spp. growth in nitrogen depleted media, and that supplementation of these amino acids altered the metabolic profile of Dunaliella cells. Our investigations revealed that histidine is transported across the cell membrane, and that glutamine and cysteine are not transported. Rather, glutamine, cysteine, and tryptophan are degraded in solution by a set of oxidative chemical reactions, releasing ammonium that in turn supports growth. Utilization of biomass-derived amino acids is therefore not a suitable option unless additional amino acid nitrogen uptake is enabled through genetic modifications of these algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Murphree
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Jacob T. Dums
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Siddharth K. Jain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, BlacksburgVA, United States
| | - Danielle Y. Young
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | | | - Andrey Tikunov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HillNC, United States
| | - Jeffrey Macdonald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HillNC, United States
| | - Guillaume Pilot
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, BlacksburgVA, United States
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
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