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Hu Y, Khan S, Yin L, Tang H, Huang J. Investigating aluminum toxicity effects on callose deposition, oxidative stress, and nutrient homeostasis in banana genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33071-w. [PMID: 38632199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity, particularly in acidic soils. The banana crop, predominantly cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates, often grapples with low pH and Al toxicity. This study seeks to explore the differential responses of two banana genotypes with varying Al tolerance (Baodao and Baxi) to Al exposure (100 and 500 µM) for 24 h. Microscopic analysis uncovered distinctive structural modifications in root cells, with Baodao displaying more severe alterations in response to Al stress. There was higher superoxide (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and lipid peroxidation in Baodao indicating enhanced oxidative stress and membrane damage. Al accumulation in root tips was higher in Baxi than Baodao, while the roots of Baodao had a higher accumulation of callose. Nutrient content analysis revealed alterations in ion levels, highlighting the impact of Al exposure on nutrient uptake and homeostasis. In summary, Al differentially affects callose deposition, which, in turn, leads to Al uptake and nutrient homeostasis alteration in two contrasting banana genotypes. This intricate interplay is a key factor in understanding plant responses to aluminum toxicity and can inform strategies for crop improvement and soil management in aluminum-stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
- One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hua Tang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, 572022, China.
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Li Z, Huang F, Shen Y, Ling S. Functional groups on wheat (Triticum aestivum) root surface affect aluminium transverse accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114178. [PMID: 36244168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant root growth is inhibited markedly by aluminium (Al) even at micromolar concentration and Al is mainly accumulated in plant roots outer layer cell walls. But the underlying reason for this asymmetric transverse distribution is unknown. In this study, two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes ET8 and ES8 differing in Al resistance were investigated by hydroculture. The Al-tolerant ET8 expressed a higher root elongation rate (RER) than Al-sensitive ES8 under Al stress. Morphological examination showed symptoms such as root surface ruptures were observed in ET8 and ES8, with ES8 being more obvious. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) values of root tips of ES8 under different Al concentrations are higher than those of ET8. The sensitive genotype ES8 accumulated more Al than ET8 in plant apical root tips as well as cell walls. Under 48 h Al exposure, the root cell wall pectin concentration was increased with a higher magnitude in ES8 than in ET8. The functional groups on ET8 and ES8 roots outer layer and inner cells were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) under Al stress. The FTIR spectra of selected examined areas showed that the characteristic absorption peaks were located at 1692, 2920, and 3380 cm-1. The outer layer cells had stronger peaks than inner cells at wavenumber 1680-1740 cm-1, indicating root outer layer cells contain more carboxyls in both ET8 and ES8. The results demonstrate that Al transverse distribution on plants apical root cross section is likely influenced by functional groups such as negatively charged carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigen Li
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fan Huang
- Tea Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yixia Shen
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Sihao Ling
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Jin J, Essemine J, Xu Z, Duan J, Shan C, Mei Z, Zhu J, Cai W. Arabidopsis ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 directly regulates the expression of PG1β-like family genes in response to aluminum stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4923-4940. [PMID: 35661874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genes in the subfamily PG1β (beta subunit of poly-galacturonase isoenzyme 1) have a clear effect on the biosynthesis pathway of pectin, a main component of the cell wall. However, the detailed functions of the PG1β-like gene members in Arabidopsis (AtPG1-3) have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated their functional roles in response to aluminum (Al) stress. Our results indicate that the PG1β-like gene members are indeed involved in the Al-stress response and they can modulate its accumulation in roots to achieve optimum root elongation and hence better seedling growth. We found that transcription factor EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) alters pectin metabolism and the EIN3 gene responds to Al stress to affect the pectin content in the root cell walls, leading to exacerbation of the inhibition of root growth, as reflected by the phenotypes of overexpressing lines. We determined that EIN3 can directly bind to the promoter regions of PG1-3, which act downstream of EIN3. Thus, our results show that EIN3 responds to Al stress in Arabidopsis directly through regulating the expression of PG1-3. Hence, EIN3 mediates their functions by acting as a biomarker in their molecular biosynthesis pathways, and consequently orchestrates their biological network in response to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Guangzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Pazhou Dadao Rd. 17-19, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Shan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiling Mei
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Nagayama T, Tatsumi A, Nakamura A, Yamaji N, Satoh S, Furukawa J, Iwai H. Effects of polygalacturonase overexpression on pectin distribution in the elongation zones of roots under aluminium stress. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac003. [PMID: 35356145 PMCID: PMC8963292 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The roots of many plant species contain large amounts of pectin and it contributes to the formation of the rhizosphere. In the present study, the relationship between the root-tip pectin content and aluminium (Al) tolerance in wild-type (WT) and demethylesterified pectin degradation enzyme gene overexpressor (OsPG2-FOX) rice lines was compared. OsPG2-FOX rice showed reduced pectin content in roots, even under control conditions; Al treatment reduced root elongation and the pectin content in the root elongation zone. Wild-type rice showed more pectin accumulation in the root elongation zone after Al treatment. Relative to WT rice, OsPG2-FOX rice showed more Al accumulation in the root elongation zone. These results indicate that the amount of pectin influences Al tolerance and that the distribution of pectin in the root elongation zone inhibits Al accumulation in rice roots. Pectin accumulation in cell walls in the root elongation zone may play a role in protecting rice plants from the Al-induced inhibition of root elongation by regulating pectin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nagayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Akane Tatsumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: iwai.hiroaki.gb.@u.tsukuba.ac.jp;
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Corresponding authors’ e-mail addresses: iwai.hiroaki.gb.@u.tsukuba.ac.jp;
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Zhao L, Cui J, Cai Y, Yang S, Liu J, Wang W, Gai J, Hu Z, Li Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Contrasting Soybean Varieties in Response to Aluminum Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4316. [PMID: 32560405 PMCID: PMC7352676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
: Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major factor limiting crop productivity on acid soils. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important oil crop and there is great variation in Al tolerance in soybean germplasms. However, only a few Al-tolerance genes have been reported in soybean. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify candidate Al tolerance genes by comparative transcriptome analysis of two contrasting soybean varieties in response to Al stress. Two soybean varieties, M90-24 (M) and Pella (P), which showed significant difference in Al tolerance, were used for RNA-seq analysis. We identified a total of 354 Al-tolerance related genes, which showed up-regulated expression by Al in the Al-tolerant soybean variety M and higher transcript levels in M than P under Al stress. These genes were enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms of cellular glucan metabolic process and regulation of transcription. Five out of 11 genes in the enriched GO term of cellular glucan metabolic process encode cellulose synthases, and one cellulose synthase gene (Glyma.02G205800) was identified as the key hub gene by co-expression network analysis. Furthermore, treatment of soybean roots with a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor decreased the Al tolerance, indicating an important role of cellulose production in soybean tolerance to Al toxicity. This study provides a list of candidate genes for further investigation on Al tolerance mechanisms in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Jingjing Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Songnan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Juge Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Junyi Gai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
| | - Zhubing Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.C.); (S.Y.); (J.L.); (W.W.); (J.G.)
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6
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Li Z, Wehr JB, Wang P, Menzies NW, Kopittke PM. Understanding the delayed expression of Al resistance in signal grass (Urochloa decumbens). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:841-850. [PMID: 31838513 PMCID: PMC7182589 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) is a widely used pasture grass in tropical and sub-tropical areas due to its high aluminiun (Al) resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms conferring this resistance are not clearly understood. METHODS The Al concentrations of bulk root tissues and the intracellular compartment were examined, including the impact of a metabolic inhibitor, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). Next, we examined changes in the properties of signal grass root tissues following exposure to toxic levels of Al, including the cell wall cation exchange capacity (CEC), degree of methylation and concentrations of cell wall fractions. KEY RESULTS Although signal grass was highly resistant to Al, there was a delay of 24-48 h before the expression of this resistance. We found that this delay in the expression of Al resistance was not related to the total Al concentration in the bulk apical root tissues, nor was it related to changes in the Al bound to the cell wall. We also examined changes in other properties of the cell wall, including the CEC, degree of methylation and changes in the concentration of pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose. We noted that concentrations of intracellular Al decreased by approx. 50 % at the same time that the root elongation rate improved after 24-48 h. Using CCCP as a metabolic inhibitor, we found that the intracellular Al concentration increased approx. 14-fold and that the CCCP prevented the subsequent decrease in intracellular Al. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the delayed expression of Al resistance was not associated with the Al concentration in the bulk apical root tissues or bound to the cell wall, nor was it associated with changes in other properties of the cell wall. Rather, signal grass has an energy-dependent Al exclusion mechanism, and this mechanism requires 24-48 h to exclude Al from the intracellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigen Li
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Bernhard Wehr
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Hou M, Huo Y, Yang X, He Z. Absorption, transport, content, and subcellular distribution of vanadium in the polysaccharide fraction of cell wall in corn seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:153-158. [PMID: 32070908 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the tolerance of plants to vanadium (Ⅴ). The hydroponic method was employed to evaluate the absorption, transport, content, and subcellular distribution of vanadium in the polysaccharide fraction of corn seedlings cell wall under different concentrations of vanadium stress. Results showed that: (a) vanadium was mainly concentrated in the roots of the corn seedlings, and only trace amounts were transported to the leaves; (b) in terms of its subcellular distribution, vanadium was mainly enriched in cell wall regions followed by soluble fraction; (c) the content of vanadium in polysaccharide fraction was highest in alkali-soluble pectin, followed by chelated pectin (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yan Huo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinhan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road No.12, Guilin City, Guangxi, China
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Zhang J, Qian Y, Chen Z, Amee M, Niu H, Du D, Yao J, Chen K, Chen L, Sun J. Lead-induced oxidative stress triggers root cell wall remodeling and increases lead absorption through esterification of cell wall polysaccharide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121524. [PMID: 31699479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) shows remarkable tolerance to lead (Pb), but the mechanisms involved in metal tolerance are not yet well understood. Here, tall fescue were firstly cultivated hydroponically with Pb2+ (0, 50, 200 and 1000 mg/L) for 14 days. The results showed that remodeling of root architecture plays important roles in tolerance of tall fescue to Pb2+ stress. Increased cell wall (CW) components contribute to restrict high amount of Pb2+ in roots. Additionally, the uronic acid contents of pectin, hemicellulose 1 (HC1) and hemicellulose 2 (HC2) increased under Pb2+ stress. We further observed that tall fescue cultivated with H2O2 showed similar remodeling of root architecture as Pb2+ treatment. Furthermore, pectin, HC1 and HC2 fractions were sequentially extracted from 0 and 10 mM H2O2 treated roots, and Pb2+ adsorption capacity and contents of carboxyl groups of pectin and HC2 fractions were steadily increased under H2O2 treatment in vitro. Our results suggest that degrees of esterification of pectin and HC2 are regulated by H2O2. High amount of low-esterified pectin and HC2 offer more carboxyl groups, provide more Pb2+ binding sites, and restrict more Pb2+ in the CW, which may enhance tolerance of tall fescue to Pb2+ stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maurice Amee
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hong Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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Wu J, Wang Q, Zhu X. A new approach to protect tobacco plants from Cd contamination using the attenuated recombinant virus CMV△2b containing the PvSR2 gene. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1777898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan, PR China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan, PR China
- Qionghu Academy of Classical Learning, Yuanjiang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiwu Zhu
- Institute of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan, PR China
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Unravelling calcium-alleviated aluminium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana: Insights into regulatory mechanisms using proteomics. J Proteomics 2019; 199:15-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nagayama T, Nakamura A, Yamaji N, Satoh S, Furukawa J, Iwai H. Changes in the Distribution of Pectin in Root Border Cells Under Aluminum Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1216. [PMID: 31632431 PMCID: PMC6783878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Root border cells (RBCs) surround the root apices in most plant species and are involved in the production of root exudates. We tested the relationship between pectin content in root tips and aluminum (Al) tolerance by comparing these parameters in wild-type (WT) and sensitive-to-Al-rhizotoxicity (star1) mutant rice plants. Staining for demethylesterified pectin decreased after Al treatment in the WT. A high level of pectin was observed in RBCs of the root tips. The level of total pectin was increased by about 50% compared with the control. In the Al-sensitive star1 mutant, Al treatment decreased root elongation and pectin content, especially in RBCs. In addition, almost no Al accumulation was observed in the control, whereas more Al was accumulated in the RBCs of STAR1 roots. These results show that the amount of pectin influences Al tolerance; that Al accumulation in rice roots is reduced by the distribution of pectin in root-tip RBCs; and that these reactions occur in the field around the RBCs, including the surrounding mucilage. Al accumulation in rice roots is reduced by the distribution of pectin in root tips, and pectin in the root cell walls contributes to the acquisition of Al tolerance in rice by regulating its distribution. The release of Al-binding mucilage by RBCs could play a role in protecting root tips from Al-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Nagayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Furukawa, ; Hiroaki Iwai, iwai.hiroaki.gb.@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Furukawa, ; Hiroaki Iwai, iwai.hiroaki.gb.@u.tsukuba.ac.jp
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Yan L, Riaz M, Wu X, Du C, Liu Y, Jiang C. Ameliorative effects of boron on aluminum induced variations of cell wall cellulose and pectin components in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.) rootstock. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:764-774. [PMID: 29778812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity is a major limitation in the production of crops in the soils with pH ≤ 5. Boron (B) is indispensable nutrient for the development of higher plants and B role has been reported in the alleviation Al toxicity. Trifoliate orange rootstock was grown in two B and two Al concentrations. The results of the present study showed that Al toxicity adversely inhibited root elongation and exhibited higher oxidative stress in terms of H2O2 and O2- under B-deficiency. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the increase of the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall (CW). Al-induced remarkable variations in the CW components were prominent in terms of alkali-soluble pectin, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO) and the degree of methyl-esterification (DME) of pectin. Interesting, B supply reduced the pectin (alkali-soluble) under Al toxicity. Moreover, the results of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and 13C-NMR (13C nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra revealed the decrease of carboxyl groups and cellulose by B application during Al exposure. Furthermore, B supply tended to decrease the Al uptake, CW thickness and callose formation. The study concluded that B could mitigate Al phytotoxicity by shielding potential Al binding sites and by reducing Al induced alterations in the CW cellulose and pectin components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Chenqing Du
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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13
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Pan CL, Yao SC, Xiong WJ, Luo SZ, Wang YL, Wang AQ, Xiao D, Zhan J, He LF. Nitric Oxide Inhibits Al-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Root Tips of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) by Affecting Physiological Properties of Antioxidants Systems and Cell Wall. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1037. [PMID: 29311970 PMCID: PMC5742856 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that nitric oxide (NO) is a negative regulator of aluminum (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in peanut root tips. However, the inhibiting mechanism of NO on Al-induced PCD is unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism by which NO inhibits Al-induced PCD, the effects of co-treatment Al with the exogenous NO donor or the NO-specific scavenger on peanut root tips, the physiological properties of antioxidants systems and cell wall (CW) in root tip cells of NO inhibiting Al-induced PCD were studied with two peanut cultivars. The results showed that Al exposure induced endogenous NO accumulation, and endogenous NO burst increased antioxidant enzyme activity in response to Al stress. The addition of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) relieved Al-induced root elongation inhibition, cell death and Al adsorption in CW, as well as oxidative damage and ROS accumulation. Furthermore, co-treatment with the exogenous NO donor decreased MDA content, LOX activity and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity and relative expression of the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH-32) gene. Taken together, exogenous NO alleviated Al-induced PCD by inhibiting Al adsorption in CW, enhancing antioxidant defense and reducing peroxidation of membrane lipids, alleviating the inhibition of Al on root elongation by maintaining the extensibility of CW, decreasing PME activity, and increasing XET activity and relative XTH-32 expression of CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liu Pan
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Shao-Chang Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | | | - Shu-Zhen Luo
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ya-Lun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Long-Fei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Guangxi Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China
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14
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Maejima E, Osaki M, Wagatsuma T, Watanabe T. Contribution of constitutive characteristics of lipids and phenolics in roots of tree species in Myrtales to aluminum tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:11-20. [PMID: 27800617 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High aluminum (Al) concentration in soil solution is the most important factor restricting plant growth in acidic soils. However, various plant species naturally grow in such soils. Generally, they are highly tolerant to Al, but organic acid exudation, the most common Al tolerance mechanism, cannot explain their tolerance. Lower phospholipid and higher sterol proportions in root plasma membrane enhance Al tolerance. Other cellular components, such as cell walls and phenolics, may also be involved in Al tolerance mechanisms. In this study, the relationships between these cellular components and the Al tolerance mechanisms in Melastoma malabathricum and Melaleuca cajuputi, both highly Al-tolerant species growing in strongly acidic soils, were investigated. Both species contained lower proportions of phospholipids and higher proportions of sterols in roots, respectively. Concentrations of phenolics in roots of both species were higher than that of rice; their phenolics could form chelates with Al. In these species, phenolic concentrations and composition were the same irrespective of the presence or absence of Al in the medium, suggesting that a higher concentration of phenolics is not a physiological response to Al but a constitutive characteristic. These characteristics of cellular components in roots may be cooperatively involved in their high Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Maejima
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Osaki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tadao Wagatsuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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15
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Chowra U, Yanase E, Koyama H, Panda SK. Aluminium-induced excessive ROS causes cellular damage and metabolic shifts in black gram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:293-302. [PMID: 26769708 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium-induced oxidative damage caused by excessive ROS production was evaluated in black gram pulse crop. Black gram plants were treated with different aluminium (Al3+) concentrations (10, 50 and 100 μM with pH 4.7) and further the effects of Al3+ were characterised by means of root growth inhibition, histochemical assay, ROS content analysis, protein carbonylation quantification and 1H-NMR analysis. The results showed that aluminium induces excessive ROS production which leads to cellular damage, root injury, stunt root growth and other metabolic shifts. In black gram, Al3+ induces cellular damage at the earliest stage of stress which was characterised from histochemical analysis. From this study, it was observed that prolonged stress can activate certain aluminium detoxification defence mechanism. Probably excessive ROS triggers such defence mechanism in black gram. Al3+ can induce excessive ROS initially in the root region then transported to other parts of the plant. As much as the Al3+ concentration increases, the rate of cellular injury and ROS production also increases. But after 72 h of stress, plants showed a lowered ROS level and cellular damage which indicates the upregulation of defensive mechanisms. Metabolic shift analysis also showed that the black gram plant under stress has less metabolic content after 24 h of treatment, but gradually, it was increased after 72 h of treatment. It was assumed that ROS played the most important role as a signalling molecule for aluminium stress in black gram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umakanta Chowra
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Emiko Yanase
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
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16
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McKenna BA, Wehr JB, Mikkelsen D, Blamey FPC, Menzies NW. Aluminium effects on mechanical properties of cell wall analogues. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:382-388. [PMID: 27213484 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity adversely impacts plant productivity in acid soils by restricting root growth and although several mechanisms are involved the physiological basis of decreased root elongation remains unclear. Understanding the primary mechanisms of Al rhizotoxicity is hindered due to the rapid effects of soluble Al on root growth and the close proximity of many cellular components within the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol and nucleus with which Al may react. To overcome some of these difficulties, we report on a novel method for investigating Al interactions with Komagataeibacter xylinus bacterial cellulose (BC)-pectin composites as cell wall analogues. The growth of K. xylinus in the presence of various plant cell wall polysaccharides, such as pectin, has provided a unique in vitro model system with which to investigate the interactions of Al with plant cell wall polysaccharides. The BC-pectin composites reacted in a similar way with Al as do plant cell walls, providing insights into the effects of Al on the mechanical properties of the BC-pectin composites as cell wall analogues. Our findings indicated that there were no significant effects of Al (4-160 μM) on the tensile stress, tensile strain or Young's modulus of the composites. This finding was consistent with cellulose, not pectin, being the major load bearing component in BC-pectin composites, as is also the case in plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid A McKenna
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - J Bernhard Wehr
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- The University of Queensland, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - F Pax C Blamey
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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17
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Vatehová Z, Malovíková A, Kollárová K, Kučerová D, Lišková D. Impact of cadmium stress on two maize hybrids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 108:90-98. [PMID: 27423219 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Some physiological parameters and composition of the root cell walls of two maize hybrids (monocots), the sensitive Novania and the tolerant Almansa were studied after treatment with cadmium cations. After 10 days of Cd2+ treatment (1 × 10-5 M and 5 × 10-5 M), plant growth inhibition, in the sensitive hybrid in particular, as well as a certain alteration in root structure and pigment content were observed. The Cd2+ accumulation was ten times higher in the roots than in the shoots. Chemical analyses and atomic absorption spectroscopy proved that Cd2+ modified the composition of the root cell walls by a significant increase in the content of alkali-soluble polysaccharide fractions, particularly in the tolerant hybrid. An increase in the content of phenolic compounds, mainly in the tolerant hybrid, and a decrease in protein content were observed in the presence of Cd2+ in the alkali fractions. The results indicate that the changes in the cell wall polysaccharide fractions and their proportion to lignin and cellulose are obviously involved in the tolerance and/or defence against Cd2+ of the maize hybrids studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vatehová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Malovíková
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Danica Kučerová
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Desana Lišková
- Institute of Chemistry, Centre of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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18
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Silva P, Matos M. Assessment of the impact of Aluminum on germination, early growth and free proline content in Lactuca sativa L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 131:151-6. [PMID: 27229755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major problem in crop production on acid soils. The use of industrial or municipal wastewaters, which may be contaminated with metals, for irrigation in agriculture is common over the world. This action can increase the concentration of these agents in the soil and decrease crops yields. In order to evaluate the toxicological effects of recommended Al levels in irrigation water, under acidic conditions, on lettuce, seeds of two cultivars ("cv Reine de Mai" and "cv White Boston") were exposed to five different Al concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 20mg/L) and germination percentage, root and shoot lengths were measured. Also, the germination rate and the vigor index were calculated, and the proline content was estimated for all concentrations. Results showed that seed germination was not negatively affected by Al, but the germination rate decreased in both cultivars. For the other factors analyzed, with the exception of 20mg/L concentration for "cv White Boston", Al induced, in general, negative effects including the content of proline that increased in the seeds that were exposed to this metal. The "cv Reine de Mai" was more sensitive for the analyzed concentrations than the other cultivar.. The results indicated that even recommended Al concentrations for irrigation, under acidic conditions, can interfere negatively in seed germination and seedling establishment and possibly with crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Silva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Matos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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de Sousa A, AbdElgawad H, Han A, Teixeira J, Matos M, Fidalgo F. Oxidative Metabolism of Rye (Secale cereale L.) after Short Term Exposure to Aluminum: Uncovering the Glutathione-Ascorbate Redox Network. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:685. [PMID: 27252711 PMCID: PMC4877395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the major limitations to plant growth and yield in acidic soils is the prevalence of soluble aluminum ions (Al(3+)) in the soil solution, which can irreversible damage the root apex cells. Nonetheless, many Al-tolerant species overcome Al toxicity and are well-adapted to acidic soils, being able to complete their life cycle under such stressful conditions. At this point, the complex physiological and biochemical processes inherent to Al tolerance remain unclear, especially in what concerns the behavior of antioxidant enzymes and stress indicators at early plant development. Since rye (Secale cereale L.), is considered the most Al-tolerant cereal, in this study we resort to seedlings of two genotypes with different Al sensitivities in order to evaluate their oxidative metabolism after short term Al exposure. Al-induced toxicity and antioxidant responses were dependent on rye genotype, organ and exposure period. Al affected biomass production and membrane integrity in roots and leaves of the sensitive (RioDeva) genotype. Catalase was the primary enzyme involved in H2O2 detoxification in the tolerant (Beira) genotype, while in RioDeva this task was mainly performed by GPX and POX. Evaluation of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, as well the oxalate content, revealed that Beira genotype coped with Al stress by converting DHA into oxalate and tartarate, which posteriorly may bind to Al forming non-toxic chelates. In contrast, RioDeva genotype used a much more ineffective strategy which passed through ascorbate regeneration. So, remarkable differences between MDHAR and DHAR activities appear to be the key for a higher Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra de Sousa
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Asard Han
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Jorge Teixeira
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Matos
- Departamento de Genética e Biotecnologia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto-DouroVila Real, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal
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20
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Sun C, Lu L, Yu Y, Liu L, Hu Y, Ye Y, Jin C, Lin X. Decreasing methylation of pectin caused by nitric oxide leads to higher aluminium binding in cell walls and greater aluminium sensitivity of wheat roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:979-89. [PMID: 26663393 PMCID: PMC4737084 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive molecule involved in cell wall metabolism, which has been recognized as a major target of aluminium (Al) toxicity. We have investigated the effects of Al-induced NO production on cell wall composition and the subsequent Al-binding capacity in roots of an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yang-5). We found that Al exposure induced NO accumulation in the root tips. Eliminating NO production with an NO scavenger (cPTIO) significantly alleviated the Al-induced inhibition of root growth and thus reduced Al accumulation. Elimination of NO, however, did not significantly affect malate efflux or rhizosphere pH changes under Al exposure. Levels of cell wall polysaccharides (pectin, hemicelluloses 1, and hemicelluloses 2) and pectin methylesterase activity, as well as pectin demethylation in the root apex, significantly increased under Al treatment. Exogenous cPTIO application significantly decreased pectin methylesterase activity and increased the degree of methylation of pectin in the root cell wall, thus decreasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin. These results suggest that the Al-induced enhanced production of NO decreases cell wall pectin methylation, thus increasing the Al-binding capacity of pectin and negatively regulating Al tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yiquan Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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21
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Yang J, Qu M, Fang J, Shen RF, Feng YM, Liu JY, Bian JF, Wu LS, He YM, Yu M. Alkali-Soluble Pectin Is the Primary Target of Aluminum Immobilization in Root Border Cells of Pea (Pisum sativum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1297. [PMID: 27679639 PMCID: PMC5020075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that a discrepancy of Al binding in cell wall constituents determines Al mobility in root border cells (RBCs) of pea (Pisum sativum), which provides protection for RBCs and root apices under Al toxicity. Plants of pea (P. sativum L. 'Zhongwan no. 6') were subjected to Al treatments under mist culture. The concentration of Al in RBCs was much higher than that in the root apex. The Al content in RBCs surrounding one root apex (10(4) RBCs) was approximately 24.5% of the total Al in the root apex (0-2.5 mm), indicating a shielding role of RBCs for the root apex under Al toxicity. Cell wall analysis showed that Al accumulated predominantly in alkali-soluble pectin (pectin 2) of RBCs. This could be attributed to a significant increase of uronic acids under Al toxicity, higher capacity of Al adsorption in pectin 2 [5.3-fold higher than that of chelate-soluble pectin (pectin 1)], and lower ratio of Al desorption from pectin 2 (8.5%) compared with pectin 1 (68.5%). These results indicate that pectin 2 is the primary target of Al immobilization in RBCs of pea, which impairs Al access to the intracellular space of RBCs and mobility to root apices, and therefore protects root apices and RBCs from Al toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Mei Qu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of ScienceNanjing, China
| | - Ying Ming Feng
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
| | - Jia You Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
| | - Jian Feng Bian
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
| | - Li Shu Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of ScienceNanjing, China
| | - Yong Ming He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan UniversityFoshan, China
- *Correspondence: Min Yu,
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22
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Lin C, Hara A, Comparini D, Bouteau F, Kawano T. Zinc-Dependent Protection of Tobacco and Rice Cells From Aluminum-Induced Superoxide-Mediated Cytotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1079. [PMID: 26648960 PMCID: PMC4664629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Al(3+) toxicity in growing plants is considered as one of the major factors limiting the production of crops on acidic soils worldwide. In the last 15 years, it has been proposed that Al(3+) toxicity are mediated with distortion of the cellular signaling mechanisms such as calcium signaling pathways, and production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative damages. On the other hand, zinc is normally present in plants at high concentrations and its deficiency is one of the most widespread micronutrient deficiencies in plants. Earlier studies suggested that lack of zinc often results in ROS-mediated oxidative damage to plant cells. Previously, inhibitory action of Zn(2+) against lanthanide-induced superoxide generation in tobacco cells have been reported, suggesting that Zn(2+) interferes with the cation-induced ROS production via stimulation of NADPH oxidase. In the present study, the effect of Zn(2+) on Al(3+)-induced superoxide generation in the cell suspension cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cell-line, BY-2) and rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Nipponbare), was examined. The Zn(2+)-dependent inhibition of the Al(3+)-induced oxidative burst was observed in both model cells selected from the monocots and dicots (rice and tobacco), suggesting that this phenomenon (Al(3+)/Zn(2+) interaction) can be preserved in higher plants. Subsequently induced cell death in tobacco cells was analyzed by lethal cell staining with Evans blue. Obtained results indicated that presence of Zn(2+) at physiological concentrations can protect the cells by preventing the Al(3+)-induced superoxide generation and cell death. Furthermore, the regulation of the Ca(2+) signaling, i.e., change in the cytosolic Ca(2+) ion concentration, and the cross-talks among the elements which participate in the pathway were further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Lin
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hara
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Diego Comparini
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Plant Neurobiology Laboratory, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - François Bouteau
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Plant Neurobiology Laboratory, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Institut des Energies de Demain (FRE3597), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
- University of Florence LINV Kitakyushu Research Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
- International Plant Neurobiology Laboratory, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 7 Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute, Paris, France
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Harun IG, Benson EM, Benjamin OD. Effect of lime and goat manure on soil acidity and maize (Zea mays) growth parameters at Kavutiri, Embu County- Central Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jssem15.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Wang W, Zhao XQ, Chen RF, Dong XY, Lan P, Ma JF, Shen RF. Altered cell wall properties are responsible for ammonium-reduced aluminium accumulation in rice roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1382-90. [PMID: 25444246 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxicity of aluminium (Al) ions can be alleviated by ammonium (NH4(+)) in rice and this effect has been attributed to the decreased Al accumulation in the roots. Here, the effects of different nitrogen forms on cell wall properties were compared in two rice cultivars differing in Al tolerance. An in vitro Al-binding assay revealed that neither NH4(+) nor NO3(-) altered the Al-binding capacity of cell walls, which were extracted from plants not previously exposed to N sources. However, cell walls extracted from NH4(+)-supplied roots displayed lower Al-binding capacity than those from NO3(-)-supplied roots when grown in non-buffered solutions. Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy analysis revealed that, compared with NO3(-)-supplied roots, NH4(+)-supplied roots possessed fewer Al-binding groups (-OH and COO-) and lower contents of pectin and hemicellulose. However, when grown in pH-buffered solutions, these differences in the cell wall properties were not observed. Further analysis showed that the Al-binding capacity and properties of cell walls were also altered by pHs alone. Taken together, our results indicate that the NH4(+)-reduced Al accumulation was attributed to the altered cell wall properties triggered by pH decrease due to NH4(+) uptake rather than direct competition for the cell wall binding sites between Al(3+) and NH4(+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rong Fu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiao Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Aluminum-Induced Inhibition of Root Growth: Roles of Cell Wall Assembly, Structure, and Function. ALUMINUM STRESS ADAPTATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wu D, Shen H, Yokawa K, Baluška F. Alleviation of aluminium-induced cell rigidity by overexpression of OsPIN2 in rice roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5305-15. [PMID: 25053643 PMCID: PMC4157713 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Al-induced cell rigidity is one of the symptoms of Al toxicity, but the mechanism by which plants tolerate this toxicity is still unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of OsPIN2, an auxin transporter gene, could alleviate Al-induced cell rigidity in rice root apices. A freeze-thawing experiment showed that the Al-treated roots of wild-type (WT) plants had more damage in the epidermal and outer cortex cells than that found in lines overexpressing OsPIN2 (OXs), and the freeze-disrupt coefficient was 2-fold higher in the former than in the latter. Furthermore, Al could induce aberrations of the cell wall-plasma membrane interface, which was more prominent in the epidermal cells of the elongation zone of the WT. Overexpressed OsPIN2 reduced Al-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and weakened Al-induced lipid peroxidation and lignification in roots. Compared with WT, a 16.6-32.6% lower Al-triggered hemicellulose 1 accumulation was observed in root apices of OXs, and 17.4-20.5% less Al accumulated in the cell wall of OXs. Furthermore, overexpression of OsPIN2 ameliorated the Al inhibitory effect on basipetal auxin transport and increased Al-induced IAA and proton release. Taken together, our results suggest that by decreasing the binding of Al to the cell wall and Al-targeted oxidative cellular damage, OXs lines show less Al-induced damage. By modulating PIN2-based auxin transport, IAA efflux, and cell wall acidification, lines overexpressing OsPIN2 alleviate Al-induced cell rigidity in the rice root apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, IZMB, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany
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Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is the third most abundant metallic element in soil but becomes available to plants only when the soil pH drops below 5.5. At those conditions, plants present several signals of Al toxicity. As reported by literature, major consequences of Al exposure are the decrease of plant production and the inhibition of root growth. The root growth inhibition may be directly/indirectly responsible for the loss of plant production. In this paper the most remarkable symptoms of Al toxicity in plants and the latest findings in this area are addressed. Root growth inhibition, ROS production, alterations on root cell wall and plasma membrane, nutrient unbalances, callose accumulation, and disturbance of cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis, among other signals of Al toxicity are discussed, and, when possible, the behavior of Al-tolerant versus Al-sensitive genotypes under Al is compared.
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Zhang Z, Wang H, Wang X, Bi Y. Nitric oxide enhances aluminum tolerance by affecting cell wall polysaccharides in rice roots. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1701-11. [PMID: 21553108 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signal molecule involved in many physiological processes in plants. To study the mechanisms of exogenous NO contribution to alleviate the aluminum (Al) toxicity, roots of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings pre-treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) were used to investigate the effect of Al in this study. Results indicated that NO alleviated the lipid peroxidation induced by Al and promoted the root elongation, whereas butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), an efficient lipophilic antioxidant, alleviated the lipid peroxidation only. Rice seedling roots pre-treated with SNP followed by Al treatment had lower contents of pectin and hemicellulose, lower Al accumulation in root tips and cell walls, higher degree of methylation of pectin and lower wall Al-binding capacity than the roots with Al treatment only. Therefore, the decreased Al accumulation in the cell walls of rice roots is likely to be the reason for the NO-induced increase of Al tolerance in rice, and it seems that exogenous NO enhanced Al tolerance in rice roots by decreasing the contents of pectin and hemicellulose, increasing the degree of methylation of pectin, and decreasing Al accumulation in root cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yang JL, Zhu XF, Peng YX, Zheng C, Li GX, Liu Y, Shi YZ, Zheng SJ. Cell wall hemicellulose contributes significantly to aluminum adsorption and root growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1885-92. [PMID: 21285327 PMCID: PMC3091086 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.172221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) has been recognized as the major target of aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, the components responsible for Al accumulation and the mechanisms of Al-induced CW function disruption are still elusive. The contribution of different CW components (pectin, hemicellulose 1 [HC1], and HC2) to adsorb Al and the effect of Al on xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolyase activity were investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in this study. A fractionation procedure was optimized to effectively extract different CW components, especially to prevent the HC fraction from pectin contamination. When CW materials extracted from Al-treated roots (50 μm Al for 24 h) were fractionated, about 75% of CW Al accumulated in the HC1 fraction. A time-dependent kinetic study showed that only when the HC1 fraction was removed was the amount of Al adsorbed decreased sharply. In vivo localization of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity showed that Al greatly inhibited this enzyme activity within 30 min of exposure, which was concomitant with Al-induced callose deposition in roots. Results from real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated that three genes may constitute the major contributors to XET activity and that the inhibition of XET activity by Al is caused by transcriptional regulation. These results, to our knowledge for the first time, demonstrate that HC is the major pool for Al accumulation. Furthermore, Al-induced reduction in XET activity could play an important role in Al-induced root growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China (J.L.Y., X.F.Z., Y.X.P., C.Z., Y.L., S.J.Z.); College of Agronomy and Biotechnology (G.X.L.) and Department of Plant Physiology and Nutrition (Y.Z.S.), Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
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30
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Horst WJ, Wang Y, Eticha D. The role of the root apoplast in aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongation and in aluminium resistance of plants: a review. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:185-97. [PMID: 20237112 PMCID: PMC2889789 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aluminium (Al) toxicity is the most important soil constraint for plant growth and development in acid soils. The mechanism of Al-induced inhibition of root elongation is still not well understood, and it is a matter of debate whether the primary lesions of Al toxicity are apoplastic or symplastic. SCOPE The present review focuses on the role of the apoplast in Al toxicity and resistance, summarizing evidence from our own experimental work and other evidence published since 1995. CONCLUSIONS The binding of Al in the cell wall particularly to the pectic matrix and to the apoplastic face of the plasma membrane in the most Al-sensitive root zone of the root apex thus impairing apoplastic and symplastic cell functions is a major factor leading to Al-induced inhibition of root elongation. Although symplastic lesions of Al toxicity cannot be excluded, the protection of the root apoplast appears to be a prerequisite for Al resistance in both Al-tolerant and Al-accumulating plant species. In many plant species the release of organic acid anions complexing Al, thus protecting the root apoplast from Al binding, is a most important Al resistance mechanism. However, there is increasing physiological, biochemical and, most recently also, molecular evidence showing that the modification of the binding properties of the root apoplast contributes to Al resistance. A further in-depth characterization of the Al-induced apoplastic reaction in the most Al-sensitive zone of the root apex is urgently required, particularly to understand the Al resistance of the most Al-resistant plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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31
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Abdel-Basset R, Ozuka S, Demiral T, Furuichi T, Sawatani I, Baskin TI, Matsumoto H, Yamamoto Y. Aluminium reduces sugar uptake in tobacco cell cultures: a potential cause of inhibited elongation but not of toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1597-610. [PMID: 20219776 PMCID: PMC2852655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium is well known to inhibit plant elongation, but the role in this inhibition played by water relations remains unclear. To investigate this, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension-cultured cells (line SL) was used, treating them with aluminium (50 microM) in a medium containing calcium, sucrose, and MES (pH 5.0). Over an 18 h treatment period, aluminium inhibited the increase in fresh weight almost completely and decreased cellular osmolality and internal soluble sugar content substantially; however, aluminium did not affect the concentrations of major inorganic ions. In aluminium-treated cultures, fresh weight, soluble sugar content, and osmolality decreased over the first 6 h and remained constant thereafter, contrasting with their continued increases in the untreated cultures. The rate of sucrose uptake, measured by radio-tracer, was reduced by approximately 60% within 3 h of treatment. Aluminium also inhibited glucose uptake. In an aluminium-tolerant cell line (ALT301) isogenic to SL, all of the above-mentioned changes in water relations occurred and tolerance emerged only after 6 h and appeared to involve the suppression of reactive oxygen species. Further separating the effects of aluminium on elongation and cell survival, sucrose starvation for 18 h inhibited elongation and caused similar changes in cellular osmolality but stimulated the production of neither reactive oxygen species nor callose and did not cause cell death. We propose that the inhibition of sucrose uptake is a mechanism whereby aluminium inhibits elongation, but does not account for the induction of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat Abdel-Basset
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ozuka
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Tijen Demiral
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Takuya Furuichi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sawatani
- Glycoscience Institute, Research Center, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., 675-1 Fujisaki, Okayama 702-8006, Japan
| | - Tobias I. Baskin
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, 611 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hideaki Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Li YY, Yang JL, Zhang YJ, Zheng SJ. Disorganized distribution of homogalacturonan epitopes in cell walls as one possible mechanism for aluminium-induced root growth inhibition in maize. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 104:235-41. [PMID: 19483201 PMCID: PMC2710910 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the most severe limitations to crop production in acid soils. Inhibition of root elongation is the primary symptom of Al toxicity. However, the underlying basis of the process is unclear. Considering the multiple physiological and biochemical functions of pectin in plants, possible involvement of homogalacturonan (HG), one of the pectic polysaccharide domains, was examined in connection with root growth inhibition induced by Al. METHODS An immunolabelling technique with antibodies specific to HG epitopes (JIM5, unesterified residues flanked by methylesterifed residues; JIM7, methyl-esterified residues flanked by unesterified residues) was used to visualize the distribution of different types of HG in cell walls of root apices of two maize cultivars differing in Al resistance. KEY RESULTS In the absence of Al, the JIM5 epitope was present around the cell wall with higher fluorescence intensity at cell corners lining the intercellular spaces, and the JIM7 epitope was present throughout the cell wall. However, treatment with 50 microm Al for 3 h produced 10 % root growth inhibition in both cultivars and caused the disappearance of fluorescence in the middle lamella of both epitopes. Prolonged Al treatment (24 h) with 50 % root growth inhibition in 'B73', an Al-sensitive cultivar, resulted in faint and irregular distribution of both epitopes. In 'Nongda3138', an Al-resistant cultivar, the distribution of HG epitopes was also restricted to the lining of intercellular spaces when a 50 % inhibition to root growth was induced by Al (100 microm Al, 9 h). Altered distribution of both epitopes was also observed when of roots were exposed to 50 microm LaCl(3) for 24 h, resulting in 40 % inhibition of root growth. CONCLUSIONS Changes in HG distribution and root growth inhibition were highly correlated, indicating that Al-induced perturbed distribution of HG epitopes is possibly involved in Al-induced inhibition of root growth in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Rangel AF, Rao IM, Horst WJ. Intracellular distribution and binding state of aluminum in root apices of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes in relation to Al toxicity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 135:162-173. [PMID: 19077142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of the intracellular distribution and binding state of aluminum (Al) in Al toxicity, using Al exchange and Al fractionation methodologies, were studied in two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes differing in Al resistance. These two genotypes are characterized by a similar initial period (4 h) of Al sensitivity followed by a contrasting recovery period (8-24 h). A higher initial Al accumulation in Quimbaya (Al resistant) in the 5-mm root apex compared with VAX-1 (Al sensitive) could be related to its higher content of unmethylated pectin and thus higher negative charge of the cell walls (CWs). The binding state and cellular distribution of Al in the root apices revealed that the root elongation rate was significantly negatively correlated with the free apoplastic and the stable-bound, not citrate-exchangeable CW Al representing the most important Al fraction in the root apex (80%), but not with the symplastic and the labile-bound, citrate-exchangeable CW Al. It is postulated that the induced and sustained recovery from the initial Al stress in the Al-resistant genotype Quimbaya requires reducing the stable-bound Al in the apoplast thus allowing cell elongation and division to resume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Rangel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, Hannover, Germany
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Sarkar P, Bosneaga E, Auer M. Plant cell walls throughout evolution: towards a molecular understanding of their design principles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3615-35. [PMID: 19687127 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Throughout their life, plants typically remain in one location utilizing sunlight for the synthesis of carbohydrates, which serve as their sole source of energy as well as building blocks of a protective extracellular matrix, called the cell wall. During the course of evolution, plants have repeatedly adapted to their respective niche, which is reflected in the changes of their body plan and the specific design of cell walls. Cell walls not only changed throughout evolution but also are constantly remodelled and reconstructed during the development of an individual plant, and in response to environmental stress or pathogen attacks. Carbohydrate-rich cell walls display complex designs, which together with the presence of phenolic polymers constitutes a barrier for microbes, fungi, and animals. Throughout evolution microbes have co-evolved strategies for efficient breakdown of cell walls. Our current understanding of cell walls and their evolutionary changes are limited as our knowledge is mainly derived from biochemical and genetic studies, complemented by a few targeted yet very informative imaging studies. Comprehensive plant cell wall models will aid in the re-design of plant cell walls for the purpose of commercially viable lignocellulosic biofuel production as well as for the timber, textile, and paper industries. Such knowledge will also be of great interest in the context of agriculture and to plant biologists in general. It is expected that detailed plant cell wall models will require integrated correlative multimodal, multiscale imaging and modelling approaches, which are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbasha Sarkar
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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35
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Sarkar P, Niki T, Gladish DK. Changes in cell wall ultrastructure induced by sudden flooding at 25{degrees}C in Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) primary roots. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2008; 95:782-792. [PMID: 21632404 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.2007381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cellular degeneration is essential for many developmental and stress acclimation processes. Undifferentiated parenchymatous cells in the central vascular cylinder of pea primary roots degenerate under hypoxic conditions created by flooding at temperatures >15°C, forming a long vascular cavity that seems to provide a conduit for longitudinal oxygen transport in the roots. We show that specific changes in the cell wall ultrastructure accompanied previously detected cytoplasmic and organellar degradation in the cavity-forming roots. The degenerating cells had thinner primary cell walls, less electron-dense middle lamellae, and less abundant cell wall homogalacturonans in altered patterns, compared to healthy cells of roots grown under cold, nonflooded conditions. Cellular breakdown and changes in wall ultrastructure, however, remained confined to cells within a 50-μm radius around the root center, even after full development of the cavity. Cells farther away maintained cellular integrity and had signs of wall synthesis, perhaps from tight regulation of wall metabolism over short distances. These observations suggest that the cell degeneration might involve programmed cell death. We also show that warm, nonflooded or cold, flooded conditions that typically do not induce vascular cavity formation can also induce variations in cell wall ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbasha Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 USA
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36
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Larsen PB, Cancel J, Rounds M, Ochoa V. Arabidopsis ALS1 encodes a root tip and stele localized half type ABC transporter required for root growth in an aluminum toxic environment. PLANTA 2007; 225:1447-58. [PMID: 17171374 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity in acid soils severely limits crop productivity through inhibition of root growth and, consequently, shoot development. Several Arabidopsis mutants were previously identified as having roots with Al hypersensitivity, suggesting that these represent deleterious mutations affecting genes required for either Al tolerance or resistance mechanisms. For this report, the als1-1 mutant was chosen for further characterization. The phenotype of als1-1 is most obviously presented in Al challenged roots, as evidenced by exaggerated root growth inhibition in conjunction with increased expression of Al-responsive genes compared to wt. Using a map-based cloning approach, the als1-1 mutation was isolated and found to represent a deleterious amino acid substitution in a previously uncharacterized half type ABC transporter, At5g39040, which is expressed in a non-Al dependent manner in all organs tested. GUS-dependent analyses revealed that ALS1 expression is primarily localized to the root tip and the vasculature throughout the plant. Concomitant with this, an ALS1: GFP fusion accumulates at the vacuolar membrane of root cells, indicating that ALS1 may be important for intracellular movement of some substrate, possibly chelated Al, as part of a mechanism of Al sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Boyce Hall, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Zakir Hossain AKM, Koyama H, Hara T. Growth and cell wall properties of two wheat cultivars differing in their sensitivity to aluminum stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 163:39-47. [PMID: 16360802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the cell wall properties in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in their sensitivity to Al stress. Seedlings of Al-resistant, Inia66 and Al-sensitive, Kalyansona cultivars were grown in complete nutrient solutions for 4 days and then subjected to treatment solutions containing Al (0, 50 microM) in a 0.5 mM CaCl(2) solution at pH 4.5 for 24 h. Root elongation was inhibited greatly by the Al treatment in the Al-sensitive cultivar compared to the Al-resistant cultivar. The Al-resistant cultivar accumulated less amount of Al in the root apex than in the Al-sensitive cultivar. The contents of pectin and hemicellulose in roots were increased with Al stress, and this increase was more conspicuous in the Al-sensitive cultivar. The molecular mass of hemicellulosic polysaccharides was increased by the Al treatment in the Al-sensitive cultivar. The increase in the content of hemicellulose was attributed to increase in the contents of glucose, arabinose and xylose in neutral sugars. Aluminum treatment increased the contents of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid especially in the Al-sensitive cultivar by increasing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5). Aluminum treatment markedly decreased the beta-glucanase activity in the Al-sensitive cultivar, but did not exert any effect in the Al-resistant cultivar. These results suggest that the modulation of the activity of beta-glucanase with Al stress may be involved in part in the alteration of the molecular mass of hemicellulosic polysaccharides in the Al-sensitive cultivar. The increase in the molecular mass of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and ferulic acid synthesis in the Al-sensitive cultivar with Al stress may induce the mechanical rigidity of the cell wall and inhibit the elongation of wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Zakir Hossain
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu-shi, Japan
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Kikui S, Sasaki T, Maekawa M, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Matsumoto H, Yamamoto Y. Physiological and genetic analyses of aluminium tolerance in rice, focusing on root growth during germination. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:1837-44. [PMID: 16095709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) ion limits root growth of plants in acidic soils, and rice exhibits the highest level of Al-tolerance among graminous crops. To elucidate Al-tolerance mechanisms in rice, response to Al was compared between rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. Nipponbare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ET8), focusing on seminal root growth at seedling stage and germination stage. At seedling stage, rice and wheat were similarly sensitive to Al in both dose- and time-dependent manner during a 24-h Al exposure. On the contrary, at germination stage, rice was more tolerant to Al than wheat, and wheat roots displayed the loss of plasma membrane integrity more extensively than rice. A rice mutant exhibiting Al hypersensitivity at germination stage was obtained by screening 42,840 R2 progeny derived from the regenerated R0 plants of Nipponbare and thereafter confirmation of the mutant phenotype in R3 progeny. At germination stage, root growth of the mutant was strongly inhibited in the presence of Al but not in the absence of Al. However, at seedling stage, root growth of the mutant and wild type was similarly tolerant to Al. Taken together, we conclude that rice possesses Al-tolerant function that is under genetic control and specifically operates for root growth at germination stage, making rice more tolerant to Al than wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kikui
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
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Lin C, Yu Y, Kadono T, Iwata M, Umemura K, Furuichi T, Kuse M, Isobe M, Yamamoto Y, Matsumoto H, Yoshizuka K, Kawano T. Action of aluminum, novel TPC1-type channel inhibitor, against salicylate-induced and cold-shock-induced calcium influx in tobacco BY-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 332:823-30. [PMID: 15913561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, effect of Al ions on calcium signaling was assessed in tobacco cells expressing a Ca2+-monitoring luminescent protein, aequorin and a newly isolated putative plant Ca2+ channel protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, AtTPC1 (two-pore channel 1). TPC1 channels were shown to be the only channel known to be sensitive to Al and they are responsive to reactive oxygen species and cryptogein, a fungal elicitor protein. Thus, involvement of TPC1 channels in calcium signaling leading to development of plant defense mechanism has been suggested. Then, the use of Al as a specific inhibitor of TPC1-type plant calcium channels has been proposed. Here, using transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells expressing aequorin, we report on the evidence in support of the involvement of Al-sensitive signaling pathway requiring TPC1-type channel-dependent Ca2+ influx in response to salicylic acid, a key plant defense-inducing agent, but not to an elicitor prepared from the cell wall of rice blast disease fungus Magnaporthe grisea. In addition, involvement of Al-sensitive Ca2+ channels in response to cold shock was also tested. The data suggested that the elicitor used here induces the Ca2+ influx via Al-insensitive path, while salicylic acid and cold-shock-stimulate the influx of Ca2+ via Al-sensitive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Lin
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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Larsen PB, Geisler MJB, Jones CA, Williams KM, Cancel JD. ALS3 encodes a phloem-localized ABC transporter-like protein that is required for aluminum tolerance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 41:353-63. [PMID: 15659095 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils is a worldwide agricultural problem that severely limits crop productivity through inhibition of root growth. Previously, Arabidopsis mutants with increased Al sensitivity were isolated in order to identify genes important for Al tolerance in plants. One mutant, als3, exhibited extreme root growth inhibition in the presence of Al, suggesting that this mutation negatively impacts a gene required for Al tolerance. Map-based cloning of the als3-1 mutation resulted in the isolation of a novel gene that encodes a previously undescribed ABC transporter-like protein, which is highly homologous to a putative bacterial metal resistance protein, ybbM. Northern analysis for ALS3 expression revealed that it is found in all organs examined, which is consistent with the global nature of Al sensitivity displayed by als3, and that expression increases in roots following Al treatment. Based on GUS fusion and in situ hybridization analyses, ALS3 is primarily expressed in leaf hydathodes and the phloem throughout the plant, along with the root cortex following Al treatment. Immunolocalization indicates that ALS3 predominantly accumulates in the plasma membrane of cells that express ALS3. From our results, it appears that ALS3 encodes an ABC transporter-like protein that is required for Al resistance/tolerance and may function to redistribute accumulated Al away from sensitive tissues in order to protect the growing root from the toxic effects of Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Hossain AZ, . HK, . TH. Sugar Compositions and Molecular Mass Distributions of Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides in Wheat Plants under Aluminum Stress at Higher Level of Calcium Supply. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2005.11.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kawano T, Kadono T, Fumoto K, Lapeyrie F, Kuse M, Isobe M, Furuichi T, Muto S. Aluminum as a specific inhibitor of plant TPC1 Ca2+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 324:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nagy NE, Dalen LS, Jones DL, Swensen B, Fossdal CG, Eldhuset TD. Cytological and enzymatic responses to aluminium stress in root tips of Norway spruce seedlings. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 163:595-607. [PMID: 33873739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Aluminium (Al) stress reduces plant growth. However, some species such as Norway spruce (Picea abies) seem to tolerate high Al concentrations. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics possibly involved in Al tolerance in Norway spruce seedlings. • Seedlings (10-d-old) were exposed to Al3+ concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mm for up to 168 h. The effect of Al stress on root growth, cell morphology and Al distribution, callose production, and peroxidase and chitinase activity was analysed. • Root growth decreased after 1 d and 2 d with 5 and 0.5 mm Al, respectively. Callose concentration increased strongly after 6 h treatment with 5 mm Al. The activity of many peroxidase and chitinase isoforms decreased after 1-24 h exposure of both treatments. Several isoforms increased after 48-168 h exposure to 5 mm Al. • We postulate that, with external Al concentrations 0.5 mm or lower, an increased production above constitutive levels of peroxidase or chitinase is not required for Al tolerance in young Norway spruce seedlings. High constitutive levels of peroxidase and chitinase in this species may be part of this Al tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Jones
- School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Berit Swensen
- Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Høgskoleveien 8, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Toril D Eldhuset
- Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Høgskoleveien 8, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Ma JF, Shen R, Nagao S, Tanimoto E. Aluminum Targets Elongating Cells by Reducing Cell Wall Extensibility in Wheat Roots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 45:583-9. [PMID: 15169940 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pch060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of aluminum is characterized by a rapid inhibition of root elongation at micromolar concentrations, however, the mechanisms primarily responsible for this response are not well understood. We investigated the effect of Al on the viscosity and elasticity parameters of root cell wall by a creep-extension analysis in two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in Al resistance. The root elongation and both viscous and elastic extensibility of cell wall of the root apices were hardly affected by the exposure to 10 microM Al in an Al-resistant cultivar, Atlas 66. However, similar exposure rapidly inhibited root elongation in an Al-sensitive cultivar, Scout 66 and this was associated with a time-dependent accumulation of Al in the root tissues with more than 77% residing in the cell wall. Al caused a significant decrease in both the viscous and elastic extensibility of cell wall of the root apices of Scout 66. The "break load" of the root apex of Scout 66 was also decreased by Al. However, neither the viscosity nor elasticity of the cell wall was affected by in vitro Al treatment. Furthermore, pre-treatment of seedlings with Al in conditions where root elongation was slow (i.e. low temperature) did not affect the subsequent elongation of roots in a 0 Al treatment at room temperature. These results suggest that the Al-dependent changes in the cell wall viscosity and elasticity are involved in the inhibition of root growth. Furthermore, for Al to reduce cell wall extensibility it must interact with the cell walls of actively elongating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng Ma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan.
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Meriga B, Reddy BK, Rao KR, Reddy LA, Kishor PBK. Aluminium-induced production of oxygen radicals, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2004; 161:63-8. [PMID: 15002665 DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aluminium (Al) on seedlings of two rice cultivars, Pusa Basmati and Vikas was investigated after different hours of exposure to 80 mol/L of external Al supply. With increasing time of exposure, the growing seedlings readily absorbed Al and its localization was greater in roots than shoots. Prolonged exposure to Al intensified lipid peroxidation, changed the activities of SOD and peroxidase and caused DNA damage. However, differential responses were observed between the seedlings of two rice cultivars under Al stress. A close inverse relationship existed between decreased root growth and increased Al accumulation, lipid peroxidation, SOD, peroxidase activities and DNA damage. The results demonstrate that roots are the major sites of Al localization and accumulation of Al promoted oxygen free radicals mediated peroxidation of membranes as evidenced by increased MDA levels and the activities of SOD and peroxidase. Our results for the first time showed that Al can cause DNA damage in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Meriga
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Kawano T, Kadono T, Furuichi T, Muto S, Lapeyrie F. Aluminum-induced distortion in calcium signaling involving oxidative bursts and channel regulation in tobacco BY-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 308:35-42. [PMID: 12890476 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trivalent cations such as those of Al, La, and Gd are phytotoxic. Our previous works showed that addition of LaCl(3) or GdCl(3) to tobacco cells triggers the generation of superoxide (O(2)*-). Here, we show that AlCl(3) at normal physiological pH (5.8) induces much greater production of O(2)*- (detected with a specific chemiluminescence probe), indicating that these trivalent cations similarly induce the oxidative bursts. It was shown that NADPH oxidase is involved in the generation of O(2)*- and the yield of O(2)*- was dose-dependent (ca. 6mM Al, optimal). Following the acute spike of O(2)*-, a gradual increase in cytosolic-free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) was detected with the luminescence of recombinant aequorin over-expressed in the cytosol. Interestingly, a O(2)*- scavenger and a Ca(2+) chelator significantly lowered the level of [Ca(2+)](c) increase, indicating that the Al-induced O(2)*- stimulates the influx of Ca(2+). Compared to the induction of O(2)*- generation, the [Ca(2+)](c) elevation was shown to be maximal (340 nM) at relatively lower Al concentrations (ca. 1.25 mM). Thus, the Al concentration optimal for O(2)*- is too much (inhibitory) for [Ca(2+)](c). In addition, high concentrations of Al were shown to be inhibitory to the H(2)O(2)-induced Ca(2+) influx. This explains the ineffectiveness of high Al concentration in the oxidative burst-mediated induction of [Ca(2+)](c) increase. It is likely that Al-induced [Ca(2+)](c) elevation is manifested from the finely geared balance between the O(2)*- -mediated driving force and the channel inhibition-mediated brake. Furthermore, it is note-worthy that Al (< or =10mM) showed no inhibitory effect on the hypo-osmolarity-induced Ca(2+) influx, implying that Al may be a selective inhibitor of redox-responsive Ca(2+) channels. Possible target channels of Al actions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan.
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Rengel Z, Zhang WH. Role of dynamics of intracellular calcium in aluminium-toxicity syndrome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2003; 159:295-314. [PMID: 33873357 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is concentrating on the role of aluminium (Al)-calcium (Ca) interactions in Al toxicity syndrome in plants. Disruption of cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis has been suggested as a primary trigger of Al toxicity. Aluminium causes an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity, potentially disrupting numerous biochemical and physiological processes, including those involved in the root growth. The source of Ca2+ for the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity under Al exposure is partly extracellular (likely to be due to the Al-resistant portion of the flux through depolarization-activated Ca2+ channels and fluxes through Ca2+ -permeable nonselective cation channels in the plasma membrane) as well as intracellular (increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity enhances the activity of Ca2+ release channels in the tonoplast and the endoplasmic reticulum membrane). The effect on increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity of possible Al-related inhibition of the plasma membrane and endo-membrane Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ exchangers (CaX) that sequester Ca2+ out of the cytosol is insufficiently documented at present. The relationship between Al toxicity, cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis and cytoplasmic pH needs to be elucidated. Technical improvements that would allow measurements of cytosolic Ca2+ activity within the short time after exposure to Al (seconds or shorter) are eagerly awaited. Contents I. Introduction 296 II. Symptoms of aluminium toxicity 296 III. Calcium - aluminium interactions 297 IV. The role of electrical properties of the plasma membrane in calcium-aluminium interactions 306 V. Oxidative stress 307 VI. Callose 308 VII. Cytoskeleton 308 VIII. Conclusions 309 Acknowledgements 309 References 309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - W-H Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Viticulture & Oenology, Waite Campus, Adelaide University, PMB #1, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
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Souza IRPD, Alves VMC, Parentoni SN, Oliveira ACD, Teixeira FF, MacAdam JW, Purcino AÁC. Change in root apical protein and peroxidase activity in response to aluminum in tolerant and sensitive maize inbred lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202002000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a short-term (80 min) exposure to 222 µM aluminum (Al) on the protein content and expression and on peroxidase activity and isoenzymes in the primary root of maize were evaluated. Two inbred lines differing in their level of tolerance to Al were used: Cateto 237 (tolerant) and L36 (sensitive). The apical 20 mm of the primary root was divided into 2-mm-long segments that were analyzed for total protein content and peroxidase activity. These results demonstrate that the total protein content along the root apex was not affected by Al in the tolerant inbred line, but decreased in the sensitive line. In the apical 2 mm of the root of the sensitive line, the expression of low molecular weight proteins (43 kDa or smaller) was decreased. Expression of low molecular proteins increased in the tolerant inbred line, even though total protein content did not increase. This suggests that some of these proteins could play a role in metal tolerance, perhaps as binding peptides. While the peroxidase activity of the tolerant inbred line did not change with exposure to Al, peroxidase activity in the apical 6 mm of the root of the sensitive line decreased. The tolerant inbred line constitutively expressed more anionic peroxidase isoforms. These results demonstrate that maintenance of protein expression may be an important component of the plant's resistance to Al stress, and that resistance to Al stress is associated with the higher expression of anionic peroxidase isoforms.
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Ahn SJ, Sivaguru M, Osawa H, Chung GC, Matsumoto H. Aluminum inhibits the H(+)-ATPase activity by permanently altering the plasma membrane surface potentials in squash roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 126:1381-90. [PMID: 11500538 PMCID: PMC117139 DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.4.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2000] [Revised: 02/11/2001] [Accepted: 04/24/2001] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although aluminum (AL) toxicity has been widely studied in monocotyledonous crop plants, the mechanism of Al impact on economically important dicotyledonous plants is poorly understood. Here, we report the spatial pattern of Al-induced root growth inhibition, which is closely associated with inhibition of H(+)-ATPase activity coupled with decreased surface negativity of plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from apical 5-mm root segments of squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv Tetsukabuto) plants. High-sensitivity growth measurements indicated that the central elongation zone, located 2 to 4 mm from the tip, was preferentially inhibited where high Al accumulation was found. The highest positive shifts (depolarization) in zeta potential of the isolated PM vesicles from 0- to 5-mm regions of Al-treated roots were corresponded to pronounced inhibition of H(+)-ATPase activity. The depolarization of PM vesicles isolated from Al-treated roots in response to added Al in vitro was less than that of control roots, suggesting, particularly in the first 5-mm root apex, a tight Al binding to PM target sites or irreversible alteration of PM properties upon Al treatment to intact plants. In line with these data, immunolocalization of H(+)-ATPase revealed decreases in tissue-specific H(+)-ATPase in the epidermal and cortex cells (2--3 mm from tip) following Al treatments. Our report provides the first circumstantial evidence for a zone-specific depolarization of PM surface potential coupled with inhibition of H(+)-ATPase activity. These effects may indicate a direct Al interaction with H(+)-ATPase from the cytoplasmic side of the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Ahn
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Tabuchi A, Matsumoto H. Changes in cell-wall properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots during aluminum-induced growth inhibition. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2001; 112:353-358. [PMID: 11473692 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2001.1120308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of aluminum (Al) on root elongation, the mechanical extensibility of the cell wall, and the amount of cell-wall polysaccharides in the roots of Al-resistant (Atlas 66) and Al-sensitive (Scout 66) cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. Exposure to 10 &mgr;M AlCl3 for 6 h inhibited root elongation in Scout 66 but not in Atlas 66. It also decreased the mechanical extensibility of the cell wall in the roots of both cultivars, but prominently only in the roots of Scout 66. The amount of hemicellulose in the 10-mm region of root apex of Scout 66 was increased by the exposure to Al, especially in the apical regions. Al did not influence the neutral sugar composition of either pectin or hemicellulose in Scout 66 roots. However, Al increased the weight-average molecular mass of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and the amounts of wall-bound ferulic and diferulic acids in Scout 66 roots. These findings suggest that Al modifies the metabolism of cell-wall components and thus makes the cell wall thick and rigid, thereby inhibiting the growth of wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tabuchi
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan; Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN), Omiya 331-8537, Japan
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