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Sarmah P, Das B, Verma JS, Banik D. The functional and structural characterisation of the bZIP transcription factors from Myristica fragrans Houtt. associated to plant disease-resistant defence: An insight from transcriptomics and computational modelling. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131817. [PMID: 38670182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The bZIP transcription factors play crucial roles in various aspects of plant biology, including development, defence mechanisms, senescence, and responses to both biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. Myristica fragrans Houtt. transcriptome analysis has identified 15 bZIP transcription factors, each exhibiting major conserved domains and motifs such as BRLZ, MFMR, and DOG1. Functional characterisation of these identified MfbZIP factors indicates their predominant localisation within the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that MfbZIP factors cluster into three subgroups alongside annotated bZIP sequences from Magnolia sinica and Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis highlights several key functions of MfbZIP, including involvement in defence responses, abscisic acid-induced signalling pathways, and DNA-binding transcription factor activity. Further investigation through KEGG pathway analysis reveals that the amino acid sequences of MfbZIP contain binding motifs for proteins such as TGA, implicated in plant hormone signal transduction pathways associated with disease resistance. To confirm the disease-defence-related activity of the TGA binding protein within MfbZIP, we employed amino acid sequences for 3-D ab initio modelling. Subsequently, we analysed TGA-NPR1 interactions using docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis. These analyses shed light on the functional and structural aspects of TGA, demonstrating its stable association with NPR1 protein and its significance in the expression of PR1 protein, thus playing a pivotal role in defence responses against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Sarmah
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bikas Das
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Verma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Engineering Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785 006, Assam, India.
| | - Dipanwita Banik
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Liu X, Cao X, Chen M, Li D, Zhang Z. Two transcription factors, RhERF005 and RhCCCH12, regulate rose resistance to Botrytis cinerea by modulating cytokinin levels. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2584-2597. [PMID: 38314882 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive diseases in rose (Rosa spp.). Rose infection by B. cinerea leads to severe economic losses due to necrosis, tissue collapse, and rot. In rose, cytokinins (CKs) positively regulate a defense response to B. cinerea, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we characterized two ethylene/jasmonic acid-regulated transcription factors, RhEFR005 and RhCCCH12, that bind to the promoter region of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 10.1 (RhPR10.1) and promote its transcription, leading to decreased susceptibility to B. cinerea. The RhEFR005/RhCCCH12-RhPR10.1 module regulated cytokinin content in rose, and the susceptibility of RhEFR005-, RhCCCH12-, and RhPR10.1-silenced rose petals can be rescued by exogenous CK. In summary, our results reveal that the RhERF005/RhCCCH12-RhPR10.1 module regulates the CK-induced defense response of rose to B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Lu C, Liu X, Tang Y, Fu Y, Zhang J, Yang L, Li P, Zhu Z, Dong P. A comprehensive review of TGA transcription factors in plant growth, stress responses, and beyond. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128880. [PMID: 38141713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
TGA transcription factors (TFs), belonging to the D clade of the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family, exhibit a specific ability to recognize and bind to regulatory elements with TGACG as the core recognition sequence, enabling the regulation of target gene expression and participation in various biological regulatory processes. In plant growth and development, TGA TFs influence organ traits and phenotypes, including initial root length and flowering time. They also play a vital role in responding to abiotic stresses like salt, drought, and cadmium exposure. Additionally, TGA TFs are involved in defending against potential biological stresses, such as fungal bacterial diseases and nematodes. Notably, TGA TFs are sensitive to the oxidative-reductive state within plants and participate in pathways that aid in the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during stressful conditions. TGA TFs also participate in multiple phytohormonal signaling pathways (ABA, SA, etc.). This review thoroughly examines the roles of TGA TFs in plant growth, development, and stress response. It also provides detailed insights into the mechanisms underlying their involvement in physiological and pathological processes, and their participation in plant hormone signaling. This multifaceted exploration distinguishes this review from others, offering a comprehensive understanding of TGA TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuqin Tang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingqi Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiaomei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liting Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Peihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Xichang University, Xichang, Sichuan 615013, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Lim MN, Lee SE, Jeon JS, Yoon IS, Hwang YS. OsbZIP38/87-mediated activation of OsHXK7 improves the viability of rice cells under hypoxic conditions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 293:154182. [PMID: 38277982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of energy metabolism is critical for rice (Oryza sativa) tolerance under submerged cultivation. Here, OsHXK7 was the most actively induced hexokinase gene in the embryos of hypoxically germinating rice seeds. Suspension-cultured cells established from seeds of T-DNA null mutants for the OsHXK7 locus did not regrow after 3-d-hypoxic stress and showed increased susceptibility to low-oxygen stress-in terms of viability-and decreased alcoholic fermentation activities compared to those of the wild-type. The promoter element containing the TGACG-motif, a well-known target site for the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, was responsible for sugar regulation of the OsHXK7 promoter activity. Systematic screening of the OsbZIP genes showing the similar expression patterns to that of OsHXK7 in the transcriptomic datasets produced two bZIP genes, OsbZIP38 and 87, belonging to the S1 bZIP subfamily as the candidate for the activator for this gene expression. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments through transient expression assays have demonstrated that these two bZIP proteins are indeed involved in the induction of OsHXK7 expression under starvation or low-energy conditions. Our finding suggests that C/S1 bZIP network-mediated hypoxic deregulation of sugar-responsive genes may work in concert for the molecular adaptation of rice cells to submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - In Sun Yoon
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, 565-851, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
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Ma N, Sun P, Li ZY, Zhang FJ, Wang XF, You CX, Zhang CL, Zhang Z. Plant disease resistance outputs regulated by AP2/ERF transcription factor family. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:2. [PMID: 38163824 PMCID: PMC10758382 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a complex and elaborate signaling network to respond appropriately to the pathogen invasion by regulating expression of defensive genes through certain transcription factors. The APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family members have been determined as key regulators in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Moreover, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the critical roles of AP2/ERFs in plant disease resistance. In this review, we describe recent advances for the function of AP2/ERFs in defense responses against microbial pathogens. We summarize that AP2/ERFs are involved in plant disease resistance by acting downstream of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and regulating expression of genes associated with hormonal signaling pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and formation of physical barriers in an MAPK-dependent or -independent manner. The present review provides a multidimensional perspective on the functions of AP2/ERFs in plant disease resistance, which will facilitate the understanding and future investigation on the roles of AP2/ERFs in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Fu-Jun Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, National Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
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Kumar V, Wegener M, Knieper M, Kaya A, Viehhauser A, Dietz KJ. Strategies of Molecular Signal Integration for Optimized Plant Acclimation to Stress Combinations. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2832:3-29. [PMID: 38869784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3973-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and survival in their natural environment require versatile mitigation of diverse threats. The task is especially challenging due to the largely unpredictable interaction of countless abiotic and biotic factors. To resist an unfavorable environment, plants have evolved diverse sensing, signaling, and adaptive molecular mechanisms. Recent stress studies have identified molecular elements like secondary messengers (ROS, Ca2+, etc.), hormones (ABA, JA, etc.), and signaling proteins (SnRK, MAPK, etc.). However, major gaps remain in understanding the interaction between these pathways, and in particular under conditions of stress combinations. Here, we highlight the challenge of defining "stress" in such complex natural scenarios. Therefore, defining stress hallmarks for different combinations is crucial. We discuss three examples of robust and dynamic plant acclimation systems, outlining specific plant responses to complex stress overlaps. (a) The high plasticity of root system architecture is a decisive feature in sustainable crop development in times of global climate change. (b) Similarly, broad sensory abilities and apparent control of cellular metabolism under adverse conditions through retrograde signaling make chloroplasts an ideal hub. Functional specificity of the chloroplast-associated molecular patterns (ChAMPs) under combined stresses needs further focus. (c) The molecular integration of several hormonal signaling pathways, which bring together all cellular information to initiate the adaptive changes, needs resolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melanie Wegener
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Madita Knieper
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armağan Kaya
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andrea Viehhauser
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Bergman ME, Evans SE, Kuai X, Franks AE, Despres C, Phillips MA. Arabidopsis TGA256 Transcription Factors Suppress Salicylic-Acid-Induced Sucrose Starvation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3284. [PMID: 37765448 PMCID: PMC10534317 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is produced by plants in response to pathogen infection. SA binds the NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES (NPR) family of receptors to regulate both positive (NPR1) and negative (NPR3/4) plant immune responses by interacting with the clade II TGACG (TGA) motif-binding transcription factors (TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6). Here, we report that the principal metabolome-level response to SA treatment in Arabidopsis is a reduction in sucrose and other free sugars. We observed nearly identical effects in the tga256 triple mutant, which lacks all clade II TGA transcription factors. The tga256 mutant presents reduced leaf blade development and elongated hypocotyls, roots, and petioles consistent with sucrose starvation. No changes were detected in auxin levels, and mutant seedling growth could be restored to that of wild-type by sucrose supplementation. Although the retrograde signal 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate is known to stimulate SA biosynthesis and defense signaling, we detected no negative feedback by SA on this or any other intermediate of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway. Trehalose, a proxy for the sucrose regulator trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), was highly reduced in tga256, suggesting that defense-related reductions in sugar availability may be controlled by changes in T6P levels. We conclude that the negative regulatory roles of TGA2/5/6 include maintaining sucrose levels in healthy plants. Disruption of TGA2/5/6-NPR3/4 inhibitory complexes by mutation or SA triggers sucrose reductions in Arabidopsis leaves, consistent with the 'pathogen starvation' hypothesis. These findings highlight sucrose availability as a mechanism by which TGA2/5/6 balance defense and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Bergman
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; (M.E.B.); (S.E.E.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Sonia E. Evans
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; (M.E.B.); (S.E.E.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Xiahezi Kuai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada (C.D.)
| | - Anya E. Franks
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; (M.E.B.); (S.E.E.); (A.E.F.)
| | - Charles Despres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada (C.D.)
| | - Michael A. Phillips
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada; (M.E.B.); (S.E.E.); (A.E.F.)
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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Zhang H, Ding X, Wang H, Chen H, Dong W, Zhu J, Wang J, Peng S, Dai H, Mei W. Systematic evolution of bZIP transcription factors in Malvales and functional exploration of AsbZIP14 and AsbZIP41 in Aquilaria sinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1243323. [PMID: 37719219 PMCID: PMC10499555 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1243323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Agarwood, the dark-brown resin produced by Aquilaria trees, has been widely used as incense, spice, perfume or traditional medicine and 2-(2-phenethyl) chromones (PECs) are the key markers responsible for agarwood formation. But the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanism of PECs were still not illuminated. The transcription factor of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) presented the pivotal regulatory roles in various secondary metabolites biosynthesis in plants, which might also contribute to regulate PECs biosynthesis. However, molecular evolution and function of bZIP are rarely reported in Malvales plants, especially in Aquilaria trees. Methods and results Here, 1,150 bZIPs were comprehensively identified from twelve Malvales and model species genomes and the evolutionary process were subsequently analyzed. Duplication types and collinearity indicated that bZIP is an ancient or conserved TF family and recent whole genome duplication drove its evolution. Interesting is that fewer bZIPs in A. sinensis than that species also experienced two genome duplication events in Malvales. 62 AsbZIPs were divided into 13 subfamilies and gene structures, conservative domains, motifs, cis-elements, and nearby genes of AsbZIPs were further characterized. Seven AsbZIPs in subfamily D were significantly regulated by ethylene and agarwood inducer. As the typical representation of subfamily D, AsbZIP14 and AsbZIP41 were localized in nuclear and potentially regulated PECs biosynthesis by activating or suppressing type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) genes expression via interaction with the AsPKS promoters. Discussion Our results provide a basis for molecular evolution of bZIP gene family in Malvales and facilitate the understanding the potential functions of AsbZIP in regulating 2-(2-phenethyl) chromone biosynthesis and agarwood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shiqing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haofu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Wenli Mei
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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9
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Jing Y, Zou X, Sun C, Qin X, Zheng X. Danger-associate peptide regulates root immunity in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:163-170. [PMID: 37121126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) are recognized by two receptor-like kinases, PEPR1 and PEPR2, and trigger plant immunity responses and root growth inhibition. In this study, we reveal that the Pep-PEPR system triggers root immunity responses in Arabidopsis. Pep1 incubation initiated callose and lignin deposition in roots of wild type but not in that of pepr1 pepr2 mutant seedlings. The plasma membrane-associated kinase BIK1, which serves downstream of the Pep-PEPR signaling pathway, was essential for Pep1-induced root immunity responses. Interestingly, disruption of PEPR1/2-associated coreceptor BAK1 enhanced the deposition of both callose and lignin induced by Pep1 in roots. Ethylene and salicylic acid signaling are involved in Pep1-induced root immunity responses. Furthermore, we showed that the successful phytopathogen, P. syringae (DC3000) could effectively suppress Pep1-trigged root callose and lignin accumulation. These results demonstrated the endogenous Pep-triggered root immunity responses and pathogenic suppression of the Pep-PEPR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jing
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xingyue Zou
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Chenjie Sun
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, 610015, China; School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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10
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Gong J, Wang Z, Guo Z, Yao L, Zhao C, Lin S, Ma S, Shen Y. DORN1 and GORK regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis mediated by volatile organic compound ethyl vinyl ketone. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123503. [PMID: 36736975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evk (ethyl vinyl ketone) is a signal substance for plant defense, but little is known about how evk mediates stomatal closure. Through stomatal biology experiments, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure, and stomatal closure is weakened when DORN1 (DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1) and GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) are mutated. In addition, it was found by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) that the K+ efflux mediated by evk was significantly weakened when DORN and GORK were mutated. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that DORN1 and GORK could interact in vitro and in vivo. It was found by molecular docking that evk could combine with MRP (Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein), thus affecting ATP transport, promoting eATP (extracellular ATP) concentration increase and realizing downstream signal transduction. Through inoculation of botrytis cinerea, it was found that evk improved the antibacterial activity of Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the expression of defense related genes was enhanced by evk treatment. Evk is a potential green antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Sheng Lin
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Songling Ma
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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11
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Huang LJ, Zhang J, Lin Z, Yu P, Lu M, Li N. The AP2/ERF transcription factor ORA59 regulates ethylene-induced phytoalexin synthesis through modulation of an acyltransferase gene expression. J Cell Physiol 2022. [PMID: 36538653 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous ethylene (ET) and the oxylipin-derived jasmonic acid (JA) in plants jointly regulate an arsenal of pathogen responsive genes involved in defending against necrotrophic pathogens. The APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factor ORA59 is a major positive regulator of the ET/JA-mediated defense pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis agmatine coumaroyltransferase (AtACT) catalyzes the formation of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) which are effective toxic antimicrobial substances known as phytoalexins and play an important role in plant defense response. However, induction and regulation of AtACT gene expression and HCAAs synthesis in plants remain less understood. Through gene coexpression network analysis, we identified a list of GCC-box cis-element containing genes that were coexpressed with ORA59 under diverse biotic stress conditions and might be potential downstream targets of this AP2/ERF-domain transcription factor. Particularly, ORA59 directly binds to AtACT gene promoter via the GCC-boxes and activates AtACT gene expression. The ET precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-treatment significantly induces AtACT gene expression. Both ORA59 and members of the class II TGA transcription factors are indispensable for ACC-induced AtACT expression. Interestingly, the expression of AtACT is also subject to the signaling crosstalk of the salicylic acid- and ET/JA-mediated defense response pathways. In addition, we found that genes of the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway were specifically induced by Botrytis cinerea. Taking together, these evidence suggest that the ET/JA signaling pathway activate the expression of AtACT to increase antimicrobial HCAAs production through the transcription factor ORA59 in response to the infection of necrotrophic plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Huang
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Bio-resources and Integrated Pest Management for Higher Education in Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
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12
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Zhou J, Mu Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Yu H, Huang T, He Y, Dai S, Meng X. Multilayered synergistic regulation of phytoalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, jasmonate, and MAPK signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3066-3087. [PMID: 35543483 PMCID: PMC9338818 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Camalexin, an indolic antimicrobial metabolite, is the major phytoalexin in Arabidopsis thaliana, and plays a crucial role in pathogen resistance. Our previous studies revealed that the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 positively regulate pathogen-induced camalexin biosynthesis via phosphoactivating the transcription factor WRKY33. Here, we report that the ethylene and jasmonate (JA) pathways act synergistically with the MPK3/MPK6-WRKY33 module at multiple levels to induce camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis upon pathogen infection. The ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) transcription factor integrates the ethylene and JA pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis via directly upregulating camalexin biosynthetic genes. ERF1 also interacts with and depends on WRKY33 to upregulate camalexin biosynthetic genes, indicating that ERF1 and WRKY33 form transcriptional complexes to cooperatively activate camalexin biosynthetic genes, thereby mediating the synergy of ethylene/JA and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis. Moreover, as an integrator of the ethylene and JA pathways, ERF1 also acts as a substrate of MPK3/MPK6, which phosphorylate ERF1 to increase its transactivation activity and therefore further cooperate with the ethylene/JA pathways to induce camalexin biosynthesis. Taken together, our data reveal the multilayered synergistic regulation of camalexin biosynthesis by ethylene, JA, and MPK3/MPK6 signaling pathways via ERF1 and WRKY33 transcription factors in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinggeng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qiao Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Haoze Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Tengzhou Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yunxia He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shaojun Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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13
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Luo K, Zhao H, Wang X, Kang Z. Prevalent Pest Management Strategies for Grain Aphids: Opportunities and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:790919. [PMID: 35082813 PMCID: PMC8784848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.790919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cereal plants in natural ecological systems are often either sequentially or simultaneously attacked by different species of aphids, which significantly decreases the quality and quantity of harvested grain. The severity of the damage is potentially aggravated by microbes associated with the aphids or the coexistence of other fungal pathogens. Although chemical control and the use of cultivars with single-gene-based antibiosis resistance could effectively suppress grain aphid populations, this method has accelerated the development of insecticide resistance and resulted in pest resurgence. Therefore, it is important that effective and environmentally friendly pest management measures to control the damage done by grain aphids to cereals in agricultural ecosystems be developed and promoted. In recent decades, extensive studies have typically focused on further understanding the relationship between crops and aphids, which has greatly contributed to the establishment of sustainable pest management approaches. This review discusses recent advances and challenges related to the control of grain aphids in agricultural production. Current knowledge and ongoing research show that the integration of the large-scale cultivation of aphid-resistant wheat cultivars with agricultural and/or other management practices will be the most prevalent and economically important management strategy for wheat aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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14
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Li Y, Liu K, Tong G, Xi C, Liu J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Ren D, Han S. MPK3/MPK6-mediated phosphorylation of ERF72 positively regulates resistance to Botrytis cinerea through directly and indirectly activating the transcription of camalexin biosynthesis enzymes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:413-428. [PMID: 34499162 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factor (ERF) Group VII members generally function in regulating plant growth and development, abiotic stress responses, and plant immunity in Arabidopsis; however, the details of the regulatory mechanism by which Group VII ERFs mediate plant immune responses remain elusive. Here, we characterized one such member, ERF72, as a positive regulator that mediates resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the erf72 mutant showed lower camalexin concentration and was more susceptible to B. cinerea, while complementation of ERF72 in erf72 rescued the susceptibility phenotype. Moreover, overexpression of ERF72 in the WT promoted camalexin biosynthesis and increased resistance to B. cinerea. We identified the camalexin-biosynthesis genes PAD3 and CYP71A13 and the transcription factor WRKY33 as target genes of ERF72. We also determined that MPK3 and MPK6 phosphorylated ERF72 at Ser151 and improved its transactivation activity, resulting in increased camalexin concentration and increased resistance to B. cinerea. Thus, ERF72 acts in plant immunity to coordinate camalexin biosynthesis both directly by regulating the expression of biosynthetic genes and indirectly by targeting WRKK33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganlu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yingdian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shengcheng Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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15
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Yang YN, Kim Y, Kim H, Kim SJ, Cho KM, Kim Y, Lee DS, Lee MH, Kim SY, Hong JC, Kwon SJ, Choi J, Park OK. The transcription factor ORA59 exhibits dual DNA binding specificity that differentially regulates ethylene- and jasmonic acid-induced genes in plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2763-2784. [PMID: 34890461 PMCID: PMC8644270 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling modulate plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens in a synergistic and interdependent manner, while JA and ET also have independent roles in certain processes, e.g. in responses to wounding and flooding, respectively. These hormone pathways lead to transcriptional reprogramming, which is a major part of plant immunity and requires the roles of transcription factors. ET response factors are responsible for the transcriptional regulation of JA/ET-responsive defense genes, of which ORA59 functions as a key regulator of this process and has been implicated in the JA-ET crosstalk. We previously demonstrated that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) GDSL LIPASE 1 (GLIP1) depends on ET for gene expression and pathogen resistance. Here, promoter analysis of GLIP1 revealed ERELEE4 as the critical cis-element for ET-responsive GLIP1 expression. In a yeast one-hybrid screening, ORA59 was isolated as a specific transcription factor that binds to the ERELEE4 element, in addition to the well-characterized GCC box. We found that ORA59 regulates JA/ET-responsive genes through direct binding to these elements in gene promoters. Notably, ORA59 exhibited a differential preference for GCC box and ERELEE4, depending on whether ORA59 activation is achieved by JA and ET, respectively. JA and ET induced ORA59 phosphorylation, which was required for both activity and specificity of ORA59. Furthermore, RNA-seq and virus-induced gene silencing analyses led to the identification of ORA59 target genes of distinct functional categories in JA and ET pathways. Our results provide insights into how ORA59 can generate specific patterns of gene expression dynamics through JA and ET hormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Nam Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Youngsung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyeri Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kwang-Moon Cho
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, AccuGene, Incheon 22006, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Sook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myoung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sun Jae Kwon
- Molecular Diagnosis Division, AccuGene, Incheon 22006, Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ohkmae K Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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16
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Dudley QM, Cai YM, Kallam K, Debreyne H, Carrasco Lopez JA, Patron NJ. Biofoundry-assisted expression and characterization of plant proteins. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2021; 6:ysab029. [PMID: 34693026 PMCID: PMC8529701 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many goals in synthetic biology, including the elucidation and refactoring of biosynthetic pathways and the engineering of regulatory circuits and networks, require knowledge of protein function. In plants, the prevalence of large gene families means it can be particularly challenging to link specific functions to individual proteins. However, protein characterization has remained a technical bottleneck, often requiring significant effort to optimize expression and purification protocols. To leverage the ability of biofoundries to accelerate design-built-test-learn cycles, we present a workflow for automated DNA assembly and cell-free expression of plant proteins that accelerates optimization and enables rapid screening of enzyme activity. First, we developed a phytobrick-compatible Golden Gate DNA assembly toolbox containing plasmid acceptors for cell-free expression using Escherichia coli or wheat germ lysates as well as a set of N- and C-terminal tag parts for detection, purification and improved expression/folding. We next optimized automated assembly of miniaturized cell-free reactions using an acoustic liquid handling platform and then compared tag configurations to identify those that increase expression. We additionally developed a luciferase-based system for rapid quantification that requires a minimal 11-amino acid tag and demonstrate facile removal of tags following synthesis. Finally, we show that several functional assays can be performed with cell-free protein synthesis reactions without the need for protein purification. Together, the combination of automated assembly of DNA parts and cell-free expression reactions should significantly increase the throughput of experiments to test and understand plant protein function and enable the direct reuse of DNA parts in downstream plant engineering workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Dudley
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk UK
| | - Yao-Min Cai
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk UK
| | - Kalyani Kallam
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk UK
| | - Hubert Debreyne
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk UK
| | | | - Nicola J Patron
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk UK
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17
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Expression Analysis of MaTGA8 Transcription Factor in Banana and Its Defence Functional Analysis by Overexpression in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179344. [PMID: 34502265 PMCID: PMC8430518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TGA transcription factor is a member of the D subfamily of the basic region-leucine zippers (bZIP) family. It is a type of transcription factor that was first identified in plants and is the main regulator in plant development and physiological processes, including morphogenesis and seed formation in response to abiotic and biotic stress and maintaining plant growth. The present study examined the sequence of the MaTGA8 transcription factor, the sequence of which belonged to subfamily D of the bZIP and had multiple cis-acting elements such as the G-box, TCA-element, TGACG-element, and P-box. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that MaTGA8 was significantly down-regulated by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc TR4). Under the induction of salicylic acid (SA), MaTGA8 was down-regulated, while different members of the MaNPR1 family responded significantly differently. Among them, MaNPR11 and MaNPR3 showed an overall upward trend, and the expression level of MaNPR4, MaNPR8, and MaNPR13 was higher than other members. MaTGA8 is a nuclear-localized transcription factor through strong interaction with MaNPR11 or weaker interaction with MaNPR4, and it is implied that the MaPR gene can be activated. In addition, the MaTGA8 transgenic Arabidopsis has obvious disease resistance and higher chlorophyll content than the wild-type Arabidopsis with the infection of Foc TR4. These results indicate that MaTGA8 may enhance the resistance of bananas to Foc TR4 by interacting with MaNPR11 or MaNPR4. This study provides a basis for further research on the application of banana TGA transcription factors in Foc TR4 stress and disease resistance and molecular breeding programs.
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18
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Moghaddam SM, Oladzad A, Koh C, Ramsay L, Hart JP, Mamidi S, Hoopes G, Sreedasyam A, Wiersma A, Zhao D, Grimwood J, Hamilton JP, Jenkins J, Vaillancourt B, Wood JC, Schmutz J, Kagale S, Porch T, Bett KE, Buell CR, McClean PE. The tepary bean genome provides insight into evolution and domestication under heat stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2638. [PMID: 33976152 PMCID: PMC8113540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolis A. Gray), native to the Sonoran Desert, is highly adapted to heat and drought. It is a sister species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important legume protein source for direct human consumption, and whose production is threatened by climate change. Here, we report on the tepary genome including exploration of possible mechanisms for resilience to moderate heat stress and a reduced disease resistance gene repertoire, consistent with adaptation to arid and hot environments. Extensive collinearity and shared gene content among these Phaseolus species will facilitate engineering climate adaptation in common bean, a key food security crop, and accelerate tepary bean improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mafi Moghaddam
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Atena Oladzad
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Plant Sciences and Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Chushin Koh
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada ,grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XGlobal Institute for Food Security (GIFS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Larissa Ramsay
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - John P. Hart
- USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, PR USA
| | - Sujan Mamidi
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Genevieve Hoopes
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Avinash Sreedasyam
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA
| | - Andrew Wiersma
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Dongyan Zhao
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - John P. Hamilton
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Joshua C. Wood
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- grid.417691.c0000 0004 0408 3720HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Sateesh Kagale
- grid.24433.320000 0004 0449 7958National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Timothy Porch
- USDA-ARS-Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, PR USA
| | - Kirstin E. Bett
- grid.25152.310000 0001 2154 235XDepartment of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - C. Robin Buell
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA ,grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Michigan State University AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Phillip E. McClean
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Plant Sciences and Genomics and Bioinformatics Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
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19
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Kofsky J, Zhang H, Song BH. Novel resistance strategies to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in wild soybean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7967. [PMID: 33846373 PMCID: PMC8041904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycine Ichinohe) is the most damaging soybean pest worldwide and management of SCN remains challenging. The current SCN resistant soybean cultivars, mainly developed from the cultivated soybean gene pool, are losing resistance due to SCN race shifts. The domestication process and modern breeding practices of soybean cultivars often involve strong selection for desired agronomic traits, and thus, decreased genetic variation in modern cultivars, which consequently resulted in limited sources of SCN resistance. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is the wild ancestor of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and it's gene pool is indisputably more diverse than G. max. Our aim is to identify novel resistant genetic resources from wild soybean for the development of new SCN resistant cultivars. In this study, resistance response to HG type 2.5.7 (race 5) of SCN was investigated in a newly identified SCN resistant ecotype, NRS100. To understand the resistance mechanism in this ecotype, we compared RNA seq-based transcriptomes of NRS100 with two SCN-susceptible accessions of G. soja and G. max, as well as an extensively studied SCN resistant cultivar, Peking, under both control and nematode J2-treated conditions. The proposed mechanisms of resistance in NRS100 includes the suppression of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway in order to allow for salicylic acid (SA) signaling-activated resistance response and polyamine synthesis to promote structural integrity of root cell walls. Our study identifies a set of novel candidate genes and associated pathways involved in SCN resistance and the finding provides insight into the mechanism of SCN resistance in wild soybean, advancing the understanding of resistance and the use of wild soybean-sourced resistance for soybean improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Kofsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Hengyou Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA.
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Herrera-Vásquez A, Fonseca A, Ugalde JM, Lamig L, Seguel A, Moyano TC, Gutiérrez RA, Salinas P, Vidal EA, Holuigue L. TGA class II transcription factors are essential to restrict oxidative stress in response to UV-B stress in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1891-1905. [PMID: 33188435 PMCID: PMC7921300 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a robust metabolic network for sensing and controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels upon stress conditions. Evidence shown here supports a role for TGA class II transcription factors as critical regulators of genes controlling ROS levels in the tolerance response to UV-B stress in Arabidopsis. First, tga256 mutant plants showed reduced capacity to scavenge H2O2 and restrict oxidative damage in response to UV-B, and also to methylviologen-induced photooxidative stress. The TGA2 transgene (tga256/TGA2 plants) complemented these phenotypes. Second, RNAseq followed by clustering and Gene Ontology term analyses indicate that TGA2/5/6 positively control the UV-B-induced expression of a group of genes with oxidoreductase, glutathione transferase, and glucosyltransferase activities, such as members of the glutathione S-transferase Tau subfamily (GSTU), which encodes peroxide-scavenging enzymes. Accordingly, increased glutathione peroxidase activity triggered by UV-B was impaired in tga256 mutants. Third, the function of TGA2/5/6 as transcriptional activators of GSTU genes in the UV-B response was confirmed for GSTU7, GSTU8, and GSTU25, using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and ChIP analyses. Fourth, expression of the GSTU7 transgene complemented the UV-B-susceptible phenotype of tga256 mutant plants. Together, this evidence indicates that TGA2/5/6 factors are key regulators of the antioxidant/detoxifying response to an abiotic stress such as UV-B light overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Herrera-Vásquez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Fonseca
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Manuel Ugalde
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamig
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Seguel
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás C Moyano
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Salinas
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena A Vidal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Holuigue
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Das D, Baruah IK, Panda D, Paswan RR, Acharjee S, Sarmah BK. Bruchid beetle ovipositioning mediated defense responses in black gram pods. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 33430784 PMCID: PMC7802178 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black gram [Vigna mungo (L)] seeds are a rich source of digestible protein and dietary fibre, both for human and animal consumption. However, the quality and quantity of the Vigna seeds are severely affected by bruchid beetles during storage. Therefore, analyses of the expression of the bruchid induced transcript dynamics in black gram pods would be helpful to understand the underlying defense mechanism against bruchid oviposition. RESULTS We used the RNAseq approach to survey the changes in transcript profile in the developing seeds of a moderately resistant cultivar IC-8219 against bruchid oviposition using a susceptible cultivar T-9 as a control. A total of 96,084,600 and 99,532,488 clean reads were generated from eight (4 each) samples of IC-8219 and T-9 cultivar, respectively. Based on the BLASTX search against the NR database, 32,584 CDSs were generated of which 31,817 CDSs were significantly similar to Vigna radiata, a close relative of Vigna mungo. The IC-8219 cultivar had 630 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which 304 and 326 genes up and down-regulated, respectively. However, in the T-9 cultivar, only 168 DEGs were identified of which 142 and 26 genes up and down-regulated, respectively. The expression analyses of 10 DEGs by qPCR confirmed the accuracy of the RNA-Seq data. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses helped us to better understand the role of these DEGs in oviposition mediated defense response of black gram. In both the cultivars, the most significant transcriptomic changes in response to the oviposition were related to the induction of defense response genes, transcription factors, secondary metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, and signal transduction pathways. It appears that the bruchid ovipositioning mediated defense response in black gram is induced by SA signaling pathways and defense genes such as defensin, genes for secondary metabolites, and enzyme inhibitors could be potential candidates for resistance to bruchids. CONCLUSION We generated a transcript profile of immature black gram pods upon bruchid ovipositioning by de novo assembly and studied the underlying defense mechanism of a moderately resistant cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajit Das
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Indrani K Baruah
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair) and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Distributed Information Centre, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Ricky Raj Paswan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Sumita Acharjee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair) and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India.
| | - Bidyut Kumar Sarmah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India.
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair) and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India.
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22
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Aerts N, Pereira Mendes M, Van Wees SCM. Multiple levels of crosstalk in hormone networks regulating plant defense. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:489-504. [PMID: 33617121 PMCID: PMC7898868 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular pathway and these different hormone pathways are integrated in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions. This inter-pathway communication is called hormone crosstalk. By influencing the immune network topology, hormone crosstalk is essential for tailoring plant responses to diverse microbes and insects in diverse environmental and internal contexts. Crosstalk provides robustness to the immune system but also drives specificity of induced defense responses against the plethora of biotic interactors. Recent advances in dry-lab and wet-lab techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of the broad-scale effects of hormone crosstalk on immune network functioning and have revealed underlying principles of crosstalk mechanisms. Molecular studies have demonstrated that hormone crosstalk is modulated at multiple levels of regulation, such as by affecting protein stability, gene transcription and hormone homeostasis. These new insights into hormone crosstalk regulation of plant defense are reviewed here, with a focus on crosstalk acting on the jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, highlighting the transcription factors MYC2 and ORA59 as major targets for modulation by other hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Aerts
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyScience4LifeUtrecht UniversityP.O. Box 800.56Utrecht3408 TBThe Netherlands
| | - Marciel Pereira Mendes
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyScience4LifeUtrecht UniversityP.O. Box 800.56Utrecht3408 TBThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C. M. Van Wees
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyScience4LifeUtrecht UniversityP.O. Box 800.56Utrecht3408 TBThe Netherlands
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23
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Bassal M, Abukhalaf M, Majovsky P, Thieme D, Herr T, Ayash M, Tabassum N, Al Shweiki MR, Proksch C, Hmedat A, Ziegler J, Lee J, Neumann S, Hoehenwarter W. Reshaping of the Arabidopsis thaliana Proteome Landscape and Co-regulation of Proteins in Development and Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1709-1732. [PMID: 33007468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteome remodeling is a fundamental adaptive response, and proteins in complexes and functionally related proteins are often co-expressed. Using a deep sampling strategy we define core proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana tissues with around 10 000 proteins per tissue, and absolutely quantify (copy numbers per cell) nearly 16 000 proteins throughout the plant lifecycle. A proteome-wide survey of global post-translational modification revealed amino acid exchanges pointing to potential conservation of translational infidelity in eukaryotes. Correlation analysis of protein abundance uncovered potentially new tissue- and age-specific roles of entire signaling modules regulating transcription in photosynthesis, seed development, and senescence and abscission. Among others, the data suggest a potential function of RD26 and other NAC transcription factors in seed development related to desiccation tolerance as well as a possible function of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) as ROS sensors in senescence. All of the components of ribosome biogenesis factor (RBF) complexes were found to be co-expressed in a tissue- and age-specific manner, indicating functional promiscuity in the assembly of these less-studied protein complexes in Arabidopsis.Furthermore, we characterized detailed proteome remodeling in basal immunity by treating Arabidopsis seeldings with flg22. Through simultaneously monitoring phytohormone and transcript changes upon flg22 treatment, we obtained strong evidence of suppression of jasmonate (JA) and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) levels by deconjugation and hydroxylation by IAA-ALA RESISTANT3 (IAR3) and JASMONATE-INDUCED OXYGENASE 2 (JOX2), respectively, under the control of JASMONATE INSENSITIVE 1 (MYC2), suggesting an unrecognized role of a new JA regulatory switch in pattern-triggered immunity. Taken together, the datasets generated in this study present extensive coverage of the Arabidopsis proteome in various biological scenarios, providing a rich resource available to the whole plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Bassal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abukhalaf
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Petra Majovsky
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Domenika Thieme
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Tobias Herr
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ayash
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Naheed Tabassum
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Mhd Rami Al Shweiki
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Carsten Proksch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Ali Hmedat
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Jörg Ziegler
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoehenwarter
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry of Plant Interactions Department, Proteome Biology of Plant Interactions Research Group, Weinberg 3, Halle/Saale D-06120, Germany.
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Cai YM, Kallam K, Tidd H, Gendarini G, Salzman A, Patron NJ. Rational design of minimal synthetic promoters for plants. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11845-11856. [PMID: 32856047 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.14.095406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Promoters serve a critical role in establishing baseline transcriptional capacity through the recruitment of proteins, including transcription factors. Previously, a paucity of data for cis-regulatory elements in plants meant that it was challenging to determine which sequence elements in plant promoter sequences contributed to transcriptional function. In this study, we have identified functional elements in the promoters of plant genes and plant pathogens that utilize plant transcriptional machinery for gene expression. We have established a quantitative experimental system to investigate transcriptional function, investigating how identity, density and position contribute to regulatory function. We then identified permissive architectures for minimal synthetic plant promoters enabling the computational design of a suite of synthetic promoters of different strengths. These have been used to regulate the relative expression of output genes in simple genetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Min Cai
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Kalyani Kallam
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Henry Tidd
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Giovanni Gendarini
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Amanda Salzman
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Nicola J Patron
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
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25
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Cai YM, Kallam K, Tidd H, Gendarini G, Salzman A, Patron N. Rational design of minimal synthetic promoters for plants. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11845-11856. [PMID: 32856047 PMCID: PMC7708054 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoters serve a critical role in establishing baseline transcriptional capacity through the recruitment of proteins, including transcription factors. Previously, a paucity of data for cis-regulatory elements in plants meant that it was challenging to determine which sequence elements in plant promoter sequences contributed to transcriptional function. In this study, we have identified functional elements in the promoters of plant genes and plant pathogens that utilize plant transcriptional machinery for gene expression. We have established a quantitative experimental system to investigate transcriptional function, investigating how identity, density and position contribute to regulatory function. We then identified permissive architectures for minimal synthetic plant promoters enabling the computational design of a suite of synthetic promoters of different strengths. These have been used to regulate the relative expression of output genes in simple genetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Min Cai
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Kalyani Kallam
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Henry Tidd
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Giovanni Gendarini
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Amanda Salzman
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Nicola J Patron
- Engineering Biology, Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK
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26
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Chen CY, Lin PH, Chen KH, Cheng YS. Structural insights into Arabidopsis ethylene response factor 96 with an extended N-terminal binding to GCC box. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:483-498. [PMID: 32813232 PMCID: PMC7593309 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is widely involved in many developmental processes and is a crucial regulator of defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Ethylene-responsive element binding protein, a member of the APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily, is a transcription factor that regulates stress-responsive genes by recognizing a specific cis-acting element of target DNA. A previous study showed only the NMR structure of the AP2/ERF domain of AtERF100 in complex with a GCC box DNA motif. In this report, we determined the crystal structure of AtERF96 in complex with a GCC box at atomic resolution. We analyzed the binding residues of the conserved AP2/ERF domain in the DNA recognition sequence. In addition to the AP2/ERF domain, an N-terminal α-helix of AtERF96 participates in DNA interaction in the flanking region. We also demonstrated the structure of AtERF96 EDLL motif, a unique conserved motif in the group IX of AP2/ERF family, might involve in the transactivation of defense-related genes. Our study establishes the structural basis of the AtERF96 transcription factor in complex with the GCC box, as well as the DNA binding mechanisms of the N-terminal α-helix and AP2/ERF domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yen Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hung Chen
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Cheng
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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27
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Völz R, Park JY, Kim S, Park SY, Harris W, Chung H, Lee YH. The rice/maize pathogen Cochliobolus spp. infect and reproduce on Arabidopsis revealing differences in defensive phytohormone function between monocots and dicots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:412-429. [PMID: 32168401 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Cochliobolus describes necrotrophic pathogens that give rise to significant losses on rice, wheat, and maize. Revealing plant mechanisms of non-host resistance (NHR) against Cochliobolus will help to uncover strategies that can be exploited in engineered cereals. Therefore, we developed a heterogeneous pathosystem and studied the ability of Cochliobolus to infect dicotyledons. We report here that C. miyabeanus and C. heterostrophus infect Arabidopsis accessions and produce functional conidia, thereby demonstrating the ability to accept Brassica spp. as host plants. Some ecotypes exhibited a high susceptibility, whereas others hindered the necrotrophic disease progression of the Cochliobolus strains. Natural variation in NHR among the tested Arabidopsis accessions can advance the identification of genetic loci that prime the plant's defence repertoire. We found that applied phytotoxin-containing conidial fluid extracts of C. miyabeanus caused necrotic lesions on rice leaves but provoked only minor irritations on Arabidopsis. This result implies that C. miyabeanus phytotoxins are insufficiently adapted to promote dicot colonization, which corresponds to a retarded infection progression. Previous studies on rice demonstrated that ethylene (ET) promotes C. miyabeanus infection, whereas salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) exert a minor function. However, in Arabidopsis, we revealed that the genetic disruption of the ET and JA signalling pathways compromises basal resistance against Cochliobolus, whereas SA biosynthesis mutants showed a reduced susceptibility. Our results refer to the synergistic action of ET/JA and indicate distinct defence systems between Arabidopsis and rice to confine Cochliobolus propagation. Moreover, this heterogeneous pathosystem may help to reveal mechanisms of NHR and associated defensive genes against Cochliobolus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Völz
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- R&D Institute, YUHAN Inc., Yongin, 17084, Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Korea
| | - Sook-Young Park
- Department of Plant Medicine, Suncheon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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28
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Valanciene E, Jonuskiene I, Syrpas M, Augustiniene E, Matulis P, Simonavicius A, Malys N. Advances and Prospects of Phenolic Acids Production, Biorefinery and Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E874. [PMID: 32517243 PMCID: PMC7356249 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotechnological production of phenolic acids is attracting increased interest due to their superior antioxidant activity, as well as other antimicrobial, dietary, and health benefits. As secondary metabolites, primarily found in plants and fungi, they are effective free radical scavengers due to the phenolic group available in their structure. Therefore, phenolic acids are widely utilised by pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and chemical industries. A demand for phenolic acids is mostly satisfied by utilising chemically synthesised compounds, with only a low quantity obtained from natural sources. As an alternative to chemical synthesis, environmentally friendly bio-based technologies are necessary for development in large-scale production. One of the most promising sustainable technologies is the utilisation of microbial cell factories for biosynthesis of phenolic acids. In this paper, we perform a systematic comparison of the best known natural sources of phenolic acids. The advances and prospects in the development of microbial cell factories for biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds are discussed in more detail. A special consideration is given to the modern production methods and analytics of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naglis Malys
- Bioprocess Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; (E.V.); (I.J.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
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29
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Novel markers for high-throughput protoplast-based analyses of phytohormone signaling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234154. [PMID: 32497144 PMCID: PMC7272087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones mediate most diverse processes in plants, ranging from organ development to immune responses. Receptor protein complexes perceive changes in intracellular phytohormone levels and trigger a signaling cascade to effectuate downstream responses. The in planta analysis of elements involved in phytohormone signaling can be achieved through transient expression in mesophyll protoplasts, which are a fast and versatile alternative to generating plant lines that stably express a transgene. While promoter-reporter constructs have been used successfully to identify internal or external factors that change phytohormone signaling, the range of available marker constructs does not meet the potential of the protoplast technique for large scale approaches. The aim of our study was to provide novel markers for phytohormone signaling in the Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplast system. We validated 18 promoter::luciferase constructs towards their phytohormone responsiveness and specificity and suggest an experimental setup for high-throughput analyses. We recommend novel markers for the analysis of auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid responses that will facilitate future screens for biological elements and environmental stimuli affecting phytohormone signaling.
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30
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Wang HQ, Sun LP, Wang LX, Fang XW, Li ZQ, Zhang FF, Hu X, Qi C, He JM. Ethylene mediates salicylic-acid-induced stomatal closure by controlling reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110464. [PMID: 32234220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene induce stomatal closure and positively regulate stomatal immunity, but their interactions in guard cell signaling are unclear. Here, we observed that SA induced the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes; the production of ethylene, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO); and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, SA-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by an ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor and mutations in ethylene biosynthetic genes, ethylene-signaling genes [RESPONSE TO ANTAGONIST 1 (RAN1), ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1), ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), EIN3 and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2)], NADPH oxidase genes [ATRBOHD and ATRBOHF], and nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2). Furthermore, SA-triggered ROS production in guard cells was impaired in ran1, etr1, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, but not in ein2, ein3 or arr2. SA-triggered NO production was impaired in all ethylene-signaling mutants tested and in nia1 and nia2. The stomata of mutants for CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) showed constitutive ROS and NO production and closure. These results indicate that ethylene mediates SA-induced stomatal closure by activating ATRBOHD/F-mediated ROS synthesis in an RAN1-, ETR1- and CTR1-dependent manner. This in turn induces NIA1/2-mediated NO production and subsequent stomatal closure via the ETR1, EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2-dependent pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Kandel SL, Hulse-Kemp AM, Stoffel K, Koike ST, Shi A, Mou B, Van Deynze A, Klosterman SJ. Transcriptional analyses of differential cultivars during resistant and susceptible interactions with Peronospora effusa, the causal agent of spinach downy mildew. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6719. [PMID: 32317662 PMCID: PMC7174412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew of spinach is caused by the obligate oomycete pathogen, Peronospora effusa. The disease causes significant economic losses, especially in the organic sector of the industry where the use of synthetic fungicides is not permitted for disease control. New pathotypes of this pathogen are increasingly reported which are capable of breaking resistance. In this study, we took advantage of new spinach genome resources to conduct RNA-seq analyses of transcriptomic changes in leaf tissue of resistant and susceptible spinach cultivars Solomon and Viroflay, respectively, at an early stage of pathogen establishment (48 hours post inoculation, hpi) to a late stage of symptom expression and pathogen sporulation (168 hpi). Fold change differences in gene expression were recorded between the two cultivars to identify candidate genes for resistance. In Solomon, the hypersensitive inducible genes such as pathogenesis-related gene PR-1, glutathione-S-transferase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase were significantly up-regulated uniquely at 48 hpi and genes involved in zinc finger CCCH protein, glycosyltransferase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase homologs, receptor-like protein kinases were expressed at 48 hpi through 168 hpi. The types of genes significantly up-regulated in Solomon in response to the pathogen suggests that salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways mediate resistance. Furthermore, many genes involved in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were highly expressed in Viroflay compared to Solomon at 168 hpi. As anticipated, an abundance of significantly down-regulated genes was apparent at 168 hpi, reflecting symptom development and sporulation in cultivar Viroflay, but not at 48 hpi. In the pathogen, genes encoding RxLR-type effectors were expressed during early colonization of cultivar Viroflay while crinkler-type effector genes were expressed at the late stage of the colonization. Our results provide insights on gene expression in resistant and susceptible spinach-P. effusa interactions, which can guide future studies to assess candidate genes necessary for downy mildew resistance in spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam L Kandel
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Amanda M Hulse-Kemp
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA-ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kevin Stoffel
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Beiquan Mou
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, Salinas, CA, 93905, USA.
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Wang JH, Gu KD, Han PL, Yu JQ, Wang CK, Zhang QY, You CX, Hu DG, Hao YJ. Apple ethylene response factor MdERF11 confers resistance to fungal pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110351. [PMID: 31928678 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene response factor (ERF) is a plant-specific transcription factor involved in many biological processes including root formation, hypocotyl elongation, fruit ripening, organ senescence and stress responses, as well as fruit quality formation. However, its underlying mechanism in plant pathogen defense against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea) remains poorly understood. Here, we isolate MdERF11, an apple nucleus-localized ERF transcription factor, from apple cultivar 'Royal Gala'. qRT-PCR assays show that the expression of MdERF11 is significantly induced in apple fruits after B. dothidea infection. Overexpression of MdERF11 gene in apple calli significantly increases the resistance to B.dothidea infection, while silencing MdERF11 in apple calli results in reduced resistance. Ectopic expression of MdERF11 in Arabidopsis also exhibits enhanced resistance to B. dothidea infection compared to that of wild type. Infections in apple calli and Arabidopsis leaves by B. dothidea respectively cause an increase in endogenous levels of salicylic acid (SA) followed by induction of SA synthesis-related and signaling-related gene expression. Taken together, these findings illustrate a potential mechanism by which MdERF11 elevates plant pathogen defense against B. dothidea by regulating SA synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Peng-Liang Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Trichoderma parareesei Favors the Tolerance of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Salinity and Drought Due to a Chorismate Mutase. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Both drought and salinity represent the greatest plant abiotic stresses in crops. Increasing plant tolerance against these environmental conditions must be a key strategy in the development of future agriculture. The genus of Trichoderma filament fungi includes several species widely used as biocontrol agents for plant diseases but also some with the ability to increase plant tolerance against abiotic stresses. In this sense, using the species T. parareesei and T. harzianum, we have verified the differences between the two after their application in rapeseed (Brassica napus) root inoculation, with T. parareesei being a more efficient alternative to increase rapeseed productivity under drought or salinity conditions. In addition, we have determined the role that T. parareesei chorismate mutase plays in its ability to promote tolerance to salinity and drought in plants by increasing the expression of genes related to the hormonal pathways of abscisic acid (ABA) under drought stress, and ethylene (ET) under salt stress.
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Han J, Liu HT, Wang SC, Wang CR, Miao GP. A class I TGA transcription factor from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. modulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in both native and heterologous hosts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110293. [PMID: 31779893 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Class I TGA transcription factors (TFs) are known to participate in plant resistance responses, however, their regulatory functions in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were rarely revealed. In this study, a class I TGA TF, TwTGA1, from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. was cloned and characterized. Overexpression of TwTGA1 in T. wilfordii Hook.f. cells increased the production of triptolide and two sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids, which was further enhanced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. RNA interference of TwTGA1 showed no significant effects on the production of these metabolites, indicating the existence of other TGA partner(s) with overlapping functions. Heterologous expression of TwTGA1 in tobacco By-2 cells promoted the biosynthesis of pyridine alkaloids. Under the elicitation of MeJA, the contents of nonpyrrolidine alkaloids further increased but not for nicotine. TwTGA1 could induce the expression of Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) and N-methylputrescine oxidase 1 (MPO1) through binding to their promoters. Finally, transient expression of TwTGA1 in leaves of Catharanthus roseus changed both the profiles of vinca alkaloids (increased contents of serpentine and catharanthine, but decreased that of vinblastine) and the expressions of biosynthesis-related genes. The metabolic and transcriptional data indicated a relationship between jasmonic acid signaling pathway and the functions of TwTGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Cheng-Run Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China
| | - Guo-Peng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China; Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui Province, 232038, China.
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35
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Fröschel C, Iven T, Walper E, Bachmann V, Weiste C, Dröge-Laser W. A Gain-of-Function Screen Reveals Redundant ERF Transcription Factors Providing Opportunities for Resistance Breeding Toward the Vascular Fungal Pathogen Verticillium longisporum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1095-1109. [PMID: 31365325 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-19-0055-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium longisporum is a vascular fungal pathogen leading to severe crop loss, particular in oilseed rape. Transcription factors (TF) are highly suited for genetic engineering of pathogen-resistant crops, as they control sets of functionally associated genes. Applying the AtTORF-Ex (Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor open reading frame expression) collection, a simple and robust screen of TF-overexpressing plants was established displaying reduced fungal colonization. Distinct members of the large ethylene response factor (ERF) family, namely ERF96 and the six highly related subgroup IXb members ERF102 to ERF107, were identified. Whereas overexpression of these ERF significantly reduces fungal propagation, single loss-of-function approaches did not reveal altered susceptibility. Hence, this gain-of-function approach is particularly suited to identify redundant family members. Expression analyses disclosed distinct ERF gene activation patterns in roots and leaves, suggesting functional differences. Transcriptome studies performed on chemically induced ERF106 expression revealed an enrichment of genes involved in the biosynthesis of antimicrobial indole glucosinolates (IG), such as CYP81F2 (CYTOCHROME P450-MONOOXYGENASE 81F2), which is directly regulated by IXb-ERF via two GCC-like cis-elements. The impact of IG in restricting fungal propagation was further supported as the cyp81f2 mutant displayed significantly enhanced susceptibility. Taken together, this proof-of-concept approach provides a novel strategy to identify candidate TF that are valuable genetic resources for engineering or breeding pathogen-resistant crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fröschel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Tim Iven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Walper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Vanessa Bachmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut, Biozentrum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
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36
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Sánchez-Vicente I, Fernández-Espinosa MG, Lorenzo O. Nitric oxide molecular targets: reprogramming plant development upon stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4441-4460. [PMID: 31327004 PMCID: PMC6736187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms that need to complete their life cycle by the integration of different abiotic and biotic environmental signals, tailoring developmental cues and defense concomitantly. Commonly, stress responses are detrimental to plant growth and, despite the fact that intensive efforts have been made to understand both plant development and defense separately, most of the molecular basis of this trade-off remains elusive. To cope with such a diverse range of processes, plants have developed several strategies including the precise balance of key plant growth and stress regulators [i.e. phytohormones, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Among RNS, nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gasotransmitter involved in redox homeostasis that regulates specific checkpoints to control the switch between development and stress, mainly by post-translational protein modifications comprising S-nitrosation of cysteine residues and metals, and nitration of tyrosine residues. In this review, we have sought to compile those known NO molecular targets able to balance the crossroads between plant development and stress, with special emphasis on the metabolism, perception, and signaling of the phytohormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid during abiotic and biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Guadalupe Fernández-Espinosa
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/ Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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37
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Zander M, Willige BC, He Y, Nguyen TA, Langford AE, Nehring R, Howell E, McGrath R, Bartlett A, Castanon R, Nery JR, Chen H, Zhang Z, Jupe F, Stepanova A, Schmitz RJ, Lewsey MG, Chory J, Ecker JR. Epigenetic silencing of a multifunctional plant stress regulator. eLife 2019; 8:47835. [PMID: 31418686 PMCID: PMC6739875 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The central regulator of the ethylene (ET) signaling pathway, which controls a plethora of developmental programs and responses to environmental cues in plants, is ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2). Here we identify a chromatin-dependent regulatory mechanism at EIN2 requiring two genes: ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE6 (EIN6), which is a H3K27me3 demethylase also known as RELATIVE OF EARLY FLOWERING6 (REF6), and EIN6 ENHANCER (EEN), the Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast INO80 chromatin remodeling complex subunit IES6 (INO EIGHTY SUBUNIT). Strikingly, EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex redundantly control the level and the localization of the repressive histone modification H3K27me3 and the histone variant H2A.Z at the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) intron of EIN2. Concomitant loss of EIN6 (REF6) and the INO80 complex shifts the chromatin landscape at EIN2 to a repressive state causing a dramatic reduction of EIN2 expression. These results uncover a unique type of chromatin regulation which safeguards the expression of an essential multifunctional plant stress regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zander
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Björn C Willige
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yupeng He
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Thu A Nguyen
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Amber E Langford
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Ramlah Nehring
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Elizabeth Howell
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Robert McGrath
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rosa Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Florian Jupe
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Robert J Schmitz
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
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38
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Lv Z, Guo Z, Zhang L, Zhang F, Jiang W, Shen Q, Fu X, Yan T, Shi P, Hao X, Ma Y, Chen M, Li L, Zhang L, Chen W, Tang K. Interaction of bZIP transcription factor TGA6 with salicylic acid signaling modulates artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3969-3979. [PMID: 31120500 PMCID: PMC6685660 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone produced by the Chinese traditional herb Artemisia annua and is used for the treatment of malaria. It is known that salicylic acid (SA) can enhance artemisinin content but the mechanism by which it does so is not known. In this study, we systematically investigated a basic leucine zipper family transcription factor, AaTGA6, involved in SA signaling to regulate artemisinin biosynthesis. We found specific in vivo and in vitro binding of the AaTGA6 protein to a 'TGACG' element in the AaERF1 promoter. Moreover, we demonstrated that AaNPR1 can interact with AaTGA6 and enhance its DNA-binding activity to its cognate promoter element 'TGACG' in the promoter of AaERF1, thus enhancing artemisinin biosynthesis. The artemisinin contents in AaTGA6-overexpressing and RNAi transgenic plants were increased by 90-120% and decreased by 20-60%, respectively, indicating that AaTGA6 plays a positive role in artemisinin biosynthesis. Importantly, heterodimerization with AaTGA3 significantly inhibits the DNA-binding activity of AaTGA6 and plays a negative role in target gene activation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that binding of AaTGA6 to the promoter of the artemisinin-regulatory gene AaERF1 is enhanced by AaNPR1 and inhibited by AaTGA3. Based on these findings, AaTGA6 has potential value in the genetic engineering of artemisinin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyou Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lida Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence: , , or
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: , , or
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: , , or
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Salvato F, Loziuk P, Kiyota E, Daneluzzi GS, Araújo P, Muddiman DC, Mazzafera P. Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Enriched Nuclei from Sugarcane (Saccharum ssp) Stems in Response to Drought Stress. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900004. [PMID: 31172662 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drought is considered the major abiotic stress limiting crop productivity. This study seeks to identify proteins involved in the drought response in sugarcane stems submitted to drought stress. The integration of nuclei enrichment sample preparation with the shotgun proteomic approach results in great coverage of the sugarcane stem proteome with 5381 protein groups identified. A total of 1204 differentially accumulated proteins are detected in response to drought, among which 586 and 618 are increased and reduced in abundance, respectively. A total of 115 exclusive proteins are detected, being 41 exclusives of drought-stressed plants and 74 exclusives of control plants. In the control plants, most of these proteins are related to cell wall metabolism, indicating that drought affects negatively the cell wall metabolism. Also, 37 transcription factors (TFs) are identified, which are low abundant nuclear proteins and are differentially accumulated in response to drought stress. These TFs are associated to protein domains such as leucine-rich (bZIP), C2H2, NAC, C3H, LIM, Myb-related, heat shock factor (HSF) and auxin response factor (ARF). Increased abundance of chromatin remodeling and RNA processing proteins are also observed. It is suggested that these variations result from an imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation processes induced by drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Salvato
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081, Brazil
| | - Philip Loziuk
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva Daneluzzi
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418, Brazil
| | - Pedro Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081, Brazil
| | - David C Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13081, Brazil.,Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418, Brazil
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40
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Zheng X, Xing J, Zhang K, Pang X, Zhao Y, Wang G, Zang J, Huang R, Dong J. Ethylene Response Factor ERF11 Activates BT4 Transcription to Regulate Immunity to Pseudomonas syringae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1132-1151. [PMID: 30926656 PMCID: PMC6548261 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae, a major hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen, causes many devastating plant diseases. However, the transcriptional regulation of plant defense responses to P. syringae remains largely unknown. Here, we found that gain-of-function of BTB AND TAZ DOMAIN PROTEIN 4 (BT4) enhanced the resistance of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to Pst DC3000 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000). Disruption of BT4 also weakened the salicylic acid (SA)-induced defense response to Pst DC3000 in bt4 mutants. Further investigation indicated that, under Pst infection, transcription of BT4 is modulated by components of both the SA and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. Intriguingly, the specific binding elements of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) proteins, including dehydration responsive/C-repeat elements and the GCC box, were found in the putative promoter of BT4 Based on publicly available microarray data and transcriptional confirmation, we determined that ERF11 is inducible by salicylic acid and Pst DC3000 and is modulated by the SA and ET signaling pathways. Consistent with the function of BT4, loss-of-function of ERF11 weakened Arabidopsis resistance to Pst DC3000 and the SA-induced defense response. Biochemical and molecular assays revealed that ERF11 binds specifically to the GCC box of the BT4 promoter to activate its transcription. Genetic studies further revealed that the BT4-regulated Arabidopsis defense response to Pst DC3000 functions directly downstream of ERF11. Our findings indicate that transcriptional activation of BT4 by ERF11 is a key step in SA/ET-regulated plant resistance against Pst DC3000, enhancing our understanding of plant defense responses to hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xi Pang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinping Zang
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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41
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Li N, Han X, Feng D, Yuan D, Huang LJ. Signaling Crosstalk between Salicylic Acid and Ethylene/Jasmonate in Plant Defense: Do We Understand What They Are Whispering? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030671. [PMID: 30720746 PMCID: PMC6387439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifetime, plants encounter numerous biotic and abiotic stresses with diverse modes of attack. Phytohormones, including salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin (CK) and the recently identified strigolactones (SLs), orchestrate effective defense responses by activating defense gene expression. Genetic analysis of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has advanced our understanding of the function of these hormones. The SA- and ET/JA-mediated signaling pathways were thought to be the backbone of plant immune responses against biotic invaders, whereas ABA, auxin, BR, GA, CK and SL were considered to be involved in the plant immune response through modulating the SA-ET/JA signaling pathways. In general, the SA-mediated defense response plays a central role in local and systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) against biotrophic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas syringae, which colonize between the host cells by producing nutrient-absorbing structures while keeping the host alive. The ET/JA-mediated response contributes to the defense against necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, which invade and kill hosts to extract their nutrients. Increasing evidence indicates that the SA- and ET/JA-mediated defense response pathways are mutually antagonistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Dan Feng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Deyi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Lu Y, Yao J. Chloroplasts at the Crossroad of Photosynthesis, Pathogen Infection and Plant Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3900. [PMID: 30563149 PMCID: PMC6321325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense are three important biological processes that have been investigated separately for decades. Photosynthesis generates ATP, NADPH, and carbohydrates. These resources are utilized for the synthesis of many important compounds, such as primary metabolites, defense-related hormones abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, and antimicrobial compounds. In plants and algae, photosynthesis and key steps in the synthesis of defense-related hormones occur in chloroplasts. In addition, chloroplasts are major generators of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, and a site for calcium signaling. These signaling molecules are essential to plant defense as well. All plants grown naturally are attacked by pathogens. Bacterial pathogens enter host tissues through natural openings or wounds. Upon invasion, bacterial pathogens utilize a combination of different virulence factors to suppress host defense and promote pathogenicity. On the other hand, plants have developed elaborate defense mechanisms to protect themselves from pathogen infections. This review summarizes recent discoveries on defensive roles of signaling molecules made by plants (primarily in their chloroplasts), counteracting roles of chloroplast-targeted effectors and phytotoxins elicited by bacterial pathogens, and how all these molecules crosstalk and regulate photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense, using chloroplasts as a major battlefield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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Dröge-Laser W, Snoek BL, Snel B, Weiste C. The Arabidopsis bZIP transcription factor family-an update. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 45:36-49. [PMID: 29860175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The basic (region) leucine zippers (bZIPs) are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors in eukaryotic organisms. Here, we have updated the classification of the Arabidopsis thaliana bZIP-family, comprising 78 members, which have been assorted into 13 groups. Arabidopsis bZIPs are involved in a plethora of functions related to plant development, environmental signalling and stress response. Based on the classification, we have highlighted functional and regulatory aspects of selected well-studied bZIPs, which may serve as prototypic examples for the particular groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dröge-Laser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Weiste
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, Germany.
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Proietti S, Caarls L, Coolen S, Van Pelt JA, Van Wees SC, Pieterse CM. Genome-wide association study reveals novel players in defense hormone crosstalk in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2342-2356. [PMID: 29852537 PMCID: PMC6175328 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) regulates plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and insect herbivores. Salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) can antagonize JA-regulated defenses, thereby modulating pathogen or insect resistance. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) study on natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana for the effect of SA and ABA on the JA pathway. We treated 349 Arabidopsis accessions with methyl JA (MeJA), or a combination of MeJA and either SA or ABA, after which expression of the JA-responsive marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) was quantified as a readout for GWA analysis. Both hormones antagonized MeJA-induced PDF1.2 in the majority of the accessions but with a large variation in magnitude. GWA mapping of the SA- and ABA-affected PDF1.2 expression data revealed loci associated with crosstalk. GLYI4 (encoding a glyoxalase) and ARR11 (encoding an Arabidopsis response regulator involved in cytokinin signalling) were confirmed by T-DNA insertion mutant analysis to affect SA-JA crosstalk and resistance against the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. In addition, At1g16310 (encoding a cation efflux family protein) was confirmed to affect ABA-JA crosstalk and susceptibility to Mamestra brassicae herbivory. Collectively, this GWA study identified novel players in JA hormone crosstalk with potential roles in the regulation of pathogen or insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Caarls
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Silvia Coolen
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Van Pelt
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C.M. Van Wees
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Corné M.J. Pieterse
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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45
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Kong W, Ding L, Cheng J, Wang B. Identification and expression analysis of genes with pathogen-inducible cis-regulatory elements in the promoter regions in Oryza sativa. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:52. [PMID: 30209707 PMCID: PMC6135729 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex co-regulatory networks in plants may elicit responses during pathogen infections. A number of genes are activated when these responses take place. Identification of these genes would shed new light on understanding the mechanisms of rice response to pathogen infections and the elucidation of crosstalk among diverse signaling networks in rice disease resistance/susceptibility. RESULTS Here we report the identification of genes with pathogen-inducible cis-regulatory elements (PICEs) (AS-1, G-box, GCC-box, and H-box) in the promoter regions in rice. Our results showed that a set of 882 rice genes contained these four elements in their promoter regions. Of these genes, 190 encode disease resistance/susceptibility related proteins, and 70 encode transcription factors. Analyses of the available microarray data demonstrated that 357 transcripts were differentially expressed after pathogen infections. 48 out of 53 differentially expressed transcription factors are up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 1.1-fold in response to pathogen infections. Analyses of the public mRNA-Seq data showed that 327 transcripts were differently expressed after pathogen infections. A total of 100 up-regulated genes and 37 down-regulated genes were found in common between the microarray and mRNA-Seq data. CONCLUSIONS We report here a set of rice genes that contain the four PICEs, i.e., AS-1, G-box, GCC-box, and H-box, in their promoter regions, of which, 53.5% were up- or down-regulated when pathogens attack. The PICEs in the gene promoters are critical for rice response to pathogen infections. They are also useful markers for identification of rice genes involved in response to pathogen infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Kong
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Li Ding
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Jia Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
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Ramšak Ž, Coll A, Stare T, Tzfadia O, Baebler Š, Van de Peer Y, Gruden K. Network Modeling Unravels Mechanisms of Crosstalk between Ethylene and Salicylate Signaling in Potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:488-499. [PMID: 29934298 PMCID: PMC6130022 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel crop breeding strategies, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction between plants and their pathogens. Network modeling represents a powerful tool that can unravel properties of complex biological systems. In this study, we aimed to use network modeling to better understand immune signaling in potato (Solanum tuberosum). For this, we first built on a reliable Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) immune signaling model, extending it with the information from diverse publicly available resources. Next, we translated the resulting prior knowledge network (20,012 nodes and 70,091 connections) to potato and superimposed it with an ensemble network inferred from time-resolved transcriptomics data for potato. We used different network modeling approaches to generate specific hypotheses of potato immune signaling mechanisms. An interesting finding was the identification of a string of molecular events illuminating the ethylene pathway modulation of the salicylic acid pathway through Nonexpressor of PR Genes1 gene expression. Functional validations confirmed this modulation, thus supporting the potential of our integrative network modeling approach for unraveling molecular mechanisms in complex systems. In addition, this approach can ultimately result in improved breeding strategies for potato and other sensitive crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Živa Ramšak
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Coll
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Stare
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oren Tzfadia
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Špela Baebler
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Kristina Gruden
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hou J, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Ahammed GJ, Zhou Y, Yu J, Fang H, Xia X. Glutaredoxin GRXS16 mediates brassinosteroid-induced apoplastic H 2O 2 production to promote pesticide metabolism in tomato. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:227-234. [PMID: 29747107 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of steroid phytohormones, are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth, development and stress responses. Despite recent studies on BRs-promoted pesticide metabolism in plants, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) significantly enhanced the expression of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG1 (RBOH1) and H2O2 accumulation in the apoplast of chlorothalonil (CHT, a broad spectrum nonsystemic fungicide)-treated tomato plants. Silencing of RBOH1 significantly decreased the efficiency of EBR-induced CHT metabolism. Moreover, the EBR-induced upregulation in the transcripts of glutaredoxin gene GRXS16 was suppressed in RBOH1-silenced plants. Further studies indicated that silencing of GRXS16 compromised EBR-induced increases in glutathione content, activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and transcript of GST1, leading to an increase in CHT residue. By contrast, overexpression of tomato GRXS16 enhanced the basal levels of glutathione content and GST activity that eventually decreased CHT residues in transgenic plants. Our results reveal that BR-mediated induction of a modest oxidative burst is essential for the acceleration of glutathione-dependent pesticide metabolism via redox modulators, such as GRXS16. These findings shed new light on the mechanisms of BR-induced pesticide metabolism and thus have important implication in reducing pesticide residues in agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Hou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hua Fang
- Institute of Pesticide & Environmental Toxicology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Li J, Zhang K, Meng Y, Hu J, Ding M, Bian J, Yan M, Han J, Zhou M. Jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling coordinates hydroxycinnamic acid amides biosynthesis through ORA59 transcription factor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:444-457. [PMID: 29752755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are a class of antimicrobial metabolites involved in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens, including Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea. The agmatine coumaryl transferase (AtACT) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the last reaction in the biosynthesis of HCAAs, including p-coumaroylagmatine (CouAgm) and feruloylagmatine in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the regulatory mechanism of AtACT gene expression is currently unknown. Yeast one-hybrid screening using the AtACT promoter as bait isolated the key positive regulator ORA59 that is involved in jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET)-mediated plant defense responses. AtACT gene expression and HCAAs biosynthesis were synergistically induced by a combination of JA and ET. In the AtACT promoter, two GCC-boxes function equivalently for trans-activation by ORA59 in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and mutation of either GCC-box abolished AtACT mRNA accumulation in transgenic plants. Site-directed mutation analysis demonstrated that the specific Leu residue at position 228 of the ORA59 EDLL motif mainly contributed to its transcriptional activity on AtACT gene expression. Importantly, MEDIATOR25 (MED25) and ORA59 homodimer are also required for ORA59-dependent activation of the AtACT gene. These results suggest that ORA59 and two functionally equivalent GCC-boxes form the regulatory module together with MED25 that enables AtACT gene expression and HCAAs biosynthesis to respond to simultaneous activation of the JA/ET signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Meng
- College of Landscape and Travel, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- College of Agricultural Science, Xichang University, Xichang, 615000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengqi Ding
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiahui Bian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Jianming Han
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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49
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Findling S, Stotz HU, Zoeller M, Krischke M, Zander M, Gatz C, Berger S, Mueller MJ. TGA2 signaling in response to reactive electrophile species is not dependent on cysteine modification of TGA2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195398. [PMID: 29608605 PMCID: PMC5880405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive electrophile species (RES), including prostaglandins, phytoprostanes and 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), activate detoxification responses in plants and animals. However, the pathways leading to the activation of defense reactions related to abiotic or biotic stress as a function of RES formation, accumulation or treatment are poorly understood in plants. Here, the thiol-modification of proteins, including the RES-activated basic region/leucine zipper transcription factor TGA2, was studied. TGA2 contains a single cysteine residue (Cys186) that was covalently modified by reactive cyclopentenones but not required for induction of detoxification genes in response to OPDA or prostaglandin A1. Activation of the glutathione-S-transferase 6 (GST6) promoter was responsive to cyclopentenones but not to unreactive cyclopentanones, including jasmonic acid suggesting that thiol reactivity of RES is important to activate the TGA2-dependent signaling pathway resulting in GST6 activation We show that RES modify thiols in numerous proteins in vivo, however, thiol reactivity alone appears not to be sufficient for biological activity as demonstrated by the failure of several membrane permeable thiol reactive reagents to activate the GST6 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Findling
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Henrik U. Stotz
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Zoeller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mark Zander
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Berger
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J. Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biosciences, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Yamamoto T, Yoshida Y, Nakajima K, Tominaga M, Gyohda A, Suzuki H, Okamoto T, Nishimura T, Yokotani N, Minami E, Nishizawa Y, Miyamoto K, Yamane H, Okada K, Koshiba T. Expression of RSOsPR10 in rice roots is antagonistically regulated by jasmonate/ethylene and salicylic acid via the activator OsERF87 and the repressor OsWRKY76, respectively. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00049. [PMID: 31245715 PMCID: PMC6508531 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots play important roles in absorbing water and nutrients, and in tolerance against environmental stresses. Previously, we identified a rice root-specific pathogenesis-related protein (RSOsPR10) induced by drought, salt, and wounding. RSOsPR10 expression is strongly induced by jasmonate (JA)/ethylene (ET), but suppressed by salicylic acid (SA). Here, we analyzed the promoter activity of RSOsPR10. Analyses of transgenic rice lines harboring different-length promoter::β-glucuronidase (GUS) constructs showed that the 3-kb promoter region is indispensable for JA/ET induction, SA repression, and root-specific expression. In the JA-treated 3K-promoter::GUS line, GUS activity was mainly observed at lateral root primordia. Transient expression in roots using a dual luciferase (LUC) assay with different-length promoter::LUC constructs demonstrated that the novel transcription factor OsERF87 induced 3K-promoter::LUC expression through binding to GCC-cis elements. In contrast, the SA-inducible OsWRKY76 transcription factor strongly repressed the JA-inducible and OsERF87-dependent expression of RSOsPR10. RSOsPR10 was expressed at lower levels in OsWRKY76-overexpressing rice, but at higher levels in OsWRKY76-knockout rice, compared with wild type. These results show that two transcription factors, OsERF87 and OsWRKY76, antagonistically regulate RSOsPR10 expression through binding to the same promoter. This mechanism represents a fine-tuning system to sense the balance between JA/ET and SA signaling in plants under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Makiko Tominaga
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Atsuko Gyohda
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Nishimura
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Bioagric SciNagoya UniversityNagoyaAichiJapan
| | - Naoki Yokotani
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
- Kazusa DNA Research InstituteKisarazuChibaJapan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Institute of Agrobiological SciencesNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
- Department of BiosciencesTeikyo UniversityUtsunomiyaTochigiJapan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
- Department of BiosciencesTeikyo UniversityUtsunomiyaTochigiJapan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research CenterThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Tomokazu Koshiba
- Department of Biological SciencesTokyo Metropolitan UniversityHachioji‐shiTokyoJapan
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