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Broderson M, Niyogi KK, Iwai M. Macroscale structural changes of thylakoid architecture during high light acclimation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-023-01067-1. [PMID: 38180578 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoprotection mechanisms are ubiquitous among photosynthetic organisms. The photoprotection capacity of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is correlated with protein levels of stress-related light-harvesting complex (LHCSR) proteins, which are strongly induced by high light (HL). However, the dynamic response of overall thylakoid structure during acclimation to growth in HL has not been fully understood. Here, we combined live-cell super-resolution microscopy and analytical membrane subfractionation to investigate macroscale structural changes of thylakoid membranes during HL acclimation in Chlamydomonas. Subdiffraction-resolution live-cell imaging revealed that the overall thylakoid structures became thinned and shrunken during HL acclimation. The stromal space around the pyrenoid also became enlarged. Analytical density-dependent membrane fractionation indicated that the structural changes were partly a consequence of membrane unstacking. The analysis of both an LHCSR loss-of-function mutant, npq4 lhcsr1, and a regulatory mutant that over-expresses LHCSR, spa1-1, showed that structural changes occurred independently of LHCSR protein levels, demonstrating that LHCSR was neither necessary nor sufficient to induce the thylakoid structural changes associated with HL acclimation. In contrast, stt7-9, a mutant lacking a kinase of major light-harvesting antenna proteins, had a slower thylakoid structural response to HL relative to all other lines tested but still showed membrane unstacking. These results indicate that neither LHCSR- nor antenna-phosphorylation-dependent HL acclimation are required for the observed macroscale structural changes of thylakoid membranes in HL conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Broderson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Hoh D, Froehlich JE, Kramer DM. Redox regulation in chloroplast thylakoid lumen: The pmf changes everything, again. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023. [PMID: 38111217 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the foundation of life on Earth. However, if not well regulated, it can also generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause photodamage. Regulation of photosynthesis is highly dynamic, responding to both environmental and metabolic cues, and occurs at many levels, from light capture to energy storage and metabolic processes. One general mechanism of regulation involves the reversible oxidation and reduction of protein thiol groups, which can affect the activity of enzymes and the stability of proteins. Such redox regulation has been well studied in stromal enzymes, but more recently, evidence has emerged of redox control of thylakoid lumenal enzymes. This review/hypothesis paper summarizes the latest research and discusses several open questions and challenges to achieving effective redox control in the lumen, focusing on the distinct environments and regulatory components of the thylakoid lumen, including the need to transport electrons across the thylakoid membrane, the effects of pH changes by the proton motive force (pmf) in the stromal and lumenal compartments, and the observed differences in redox states. These constraints suggest that activated oxygen species are likely to be major regulatory contributors to lumenal thiol redox regulation, with key components and processes yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Hoh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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3
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Adler L, Lau CS, Shaikh KM, van Maldegem KA, Payne-Dwyer AL, Lefoulon C, Girr P, Atkinson N, Barrett J, Emrich-Mills TZ, Dukic E, Blatt MR, Leake MC, Peltier G, Spetea C, Burlacot A, McCormick AJ, Mackinder LCM, Walker CE. The role of BST4 in the pyrenoid of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.545204. [PMID: 38014171 PMCID: PMC10680556 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.545204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In many eukaryotic algae, CO2 fixation by Rubisco is enhanced by a CO2-concentrating mechanism, which utilizes a Rubisco-rich organelle called the pyrenoid. The pyrenoid is traversed by a network of thylakoid-membranes called pyrenoid tubules, proposed to deliver CO2. In the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas), the pyrenoid tubules have been proposed to be tethered to the Rubisco matrix by a bestrophin-like transmembrane protein, BST4. Here, we show that BST4 forms a complex that localizes to the pyrenoid tubules. A Chlamydomonas mutant impaired in the accumulation of BST4 (bst4) formed normal pyrenoid tubules and heterologous expression of BST4 in Arabidopsis thaliana did not lead to the incorporation of thylakoids into a reconstituted Rubisco condensate. Chlamydomonas bst4 mutant did not show impaired growth at air level CO2. By quantifying the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence, we show that bst4 displays a transiently lower thylakoid lumenal pH during dark to light transition compared to control strains. When acclimated to high light, bst4 had sustained higher NPQ and elevated levels of light-induced H2O2 production. We conclude that BST4 is not a tethering protein, but rather is an ion channel involved in lumenal pH regulation possibly by mediating bicarbonate transport across the pyrenoid tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Adler
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA
| | - Chun Sing Lau
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Kashif M Shaikh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kim A van Maldegem
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Alex L Payne-Dwyer
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Girr
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicky Atkinson
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - James Barrett
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Z Emrich-Mills
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Emilija Dukic
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C Leake
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305 USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alistair J McCormick
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Engineering Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Luke C M Mackinder
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E Walker
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products (CNAP), Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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4
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Remodeling of algal photosystem I through phosphorylation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232211. [PMID: 36477263 PMCID: PMC9874419 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) with its associated light-harvesting system is the most important generator of reducing power in photosynthesis. The PSI core complex is highly conserved, whereas peripheral subunits as well as light-harvesting proteins (LHCI) reveal a dynamic plasticity. Moreover, in green alga, PSI-LHCI complexes are found as monomers, dimers, and state transition complexes, where two LHCII trimers are associated. Herein, we show light-dependent phosphorylation of PSI subunits PsaG and PsaH as well as Lhca6. Potential consequences of the dynamic phosphorylation of PsaG and PsaH are structurally analyzed and discussed in regard to the formation of the monomeric, dimeric, and LHCII-associated PSI-LHCI complexes.
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5
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Virtanen O, Tyystjärvi E. Plastoquinone pool redox state and control of state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in darkness and under illumination. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:59-76. [PMID: 36282464 PMCID: PMC9792418 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Movement of LHCII between two photosystems has been assumed to be similarly controlled by the redox state of the plastoquinone pool (PQ-pool) in plants and green algae. Here we show that the redox state of the PQ-pool of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can be determined with HPLC and use this method to compare the light state in C. reinhardtii with the PQ-pool redox state in a number of conditions. The PQ-pool was at least moderately reduced under illumination with all tested types of visible light and oxidation was achieved only with aerobic dark treatment or with far-red light. Although dark incubations and white light forms with spectral distribution favoring one photosystem affected the redox state of PQ-pool differently, they induced similar Stt7-dependent state transitions. Thus, under illumination the dynamics of the PQ-pool and its connection with light state appears more complicated in C. reinhardtii than in plants. We suggest this to stem from the larger number of LHC-units and from less different absorption profiles of the photosystems in C. reinhardtii than in plants. The data demonstrate that the two different control mechanisms required to fulfill the dual function of state transitions in C. reinhardtii in photoprotection and in balancing light utilization are activated via different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Virtanen
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Life Technologies/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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6
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Naschberger A, Mosebach L, Tobiasson V, Kuhlgert S, Scholz M, Perez-Boerema A, Ho TTH, Vidal-Meireles A, Takahashi Y, Hippler M, Amunts A. Algal photosystem I dimer and high-resolution model of PSI-plastocyanin complex. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1191-1201. [PMID: 36229605 PMCID: PMC9579051 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) enables photo-electron transfer and regulates photosynthesis in the bioenergetic membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Being a multi-subunit complex, its macromolecular organization affects the dynamics of photosynthetic membranes. Here we reveal a chloroplast PSI from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that is organized as a homodimer, comprising 40 protein subunits with 118 transmembrane helices that provide scaffold for 568 pigments. Cryogenic electron microscopy identified that the absence of PsaH and Lhca2 gives rise to a head-to-head relative orientation of the PSI-light-harvesting complex I monomers in a way that is essentially different from the oligomer formation in cyanobacteria. The light-harvesting protein Lhca9 is the key element for mediating this dimerization. The interface between the monomers is lacking PsaH and thus partially overlaps with the surface area that would bind one of the light-harvesting complex II complexes in state transitions. We also define the most accurate available PSI-light-harvesting complex I model at 2.3 Å resolution, including a flexibly bound electron donor plastocyanin, and assign correct identities and orientations to all the pigments, as well as 621 water molecules that affect energy transfer pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Naschberger
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victor Tobiasson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Kuhlgert
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annemarie Perez-Boerema
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Ho
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - André Vidal-Meireles
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-CREST, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan.
| | - Alexey Amunts
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
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7
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Foyer CH, Hanke G. ROS production and signalling in chloroplasts: cornerstones and evolving concepts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:642-661. [PMID: 35665548 PMCID: PMC9545066 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide (O2●- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) are the markers of living cells. Oxygenic photosynthesis produces ROS in abundance, which act as a readout of a functional electron transport system and metabolism. The concept that photosynthetic ROS production is a major driving force in chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signalling is embedded in the literature, as is the role of chloroplasts as environmental sensors. The different complexes and components of the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) regulate O2●- production in relation to light energy availability and the redox state of the stromal Cys-based redox systems. All of the ROS generated in chloroplasts have the potential to act as signals and there are many sulphhydryl-containing proteins and peptides in chloroplasts that have the potential to act as H2 O2 sensors and function in signal transduction. While ROS may directly move out of the chloroplasts to other cellular compartments, ROS signalling pathways can only be triggered if appropriate ROS-sensing proteins are present at or near the site of ROS production. Chloroplast antioxidant systems serve either to propagate these signals or to remove excess ROS that cannot effectively be harnessed in signalling. The key challenge is to understand how regulated ROS delivery from the PETC to the Cys-based redox machinery is organised to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus. Redox changes associated with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also play a key role in chloroplast signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonB15 2TTUK
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSUK
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8
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Steen CJ, Burlacot A, Short AH, Niyogi KK, Fleming GR. Interplay between LHCSR proteins and state transitions governs the NPQ response in Chlamydomonas during light fluctuations. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2428-2445. [PMID: 35678230 PMCID: PMC9540987 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight as the primary energy source to fix CO2 . However, in nature, light energy is highly variable, reaching levels of saturation for periods ranging from milliseconds to hours. In the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, safe dissipation of excess light energy by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is mediated by light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins and redistribution of light-harvesting antennae between the photosystems (state transition). Although each component underlying NPQ has been documented, their relative contributions to NPQ under fluctuating light conditions remain unknown. Here, by monitoring NPQ in intact cells throughout high light/dark cycles of various illumination periods, we find that the dynamics of NPQ depend on the timescales of light fluctuations. We show that LHCSRs play a major role during the light phases of light fluctuations and describe their role in growth under rapid light fluctuations. We further reveal an activation of NPQ during the dark phases of all high light/dark cycles and show that this phenomenon arises from state transition. Finally, we show that LHCSRs and state transition synergistically cooperate to enable NPQ response during light fluctuations. These results highlight the dynamic functioning of photoprotection under light fluctuations and open a new way to systematically characterize the photosynthetic response to an ever-changing light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J. Steen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrien Burlacot
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Audrey H. Short
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Group in BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience InstituteBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Graduate Group in BiophysicsUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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9
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Electron transfer via cytochrome b6f complex displays sensitivity to Antimycin A upon STT7 kinase activation. Biochem J 2022; 479:111-127. [PMID: 34981811 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome b6f complex (b6f) has been initially considered as the ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase (FQR) during cyclic electron flow (CEF) with photosystem I that is inhibited by antimycin A (AA). The binding of AA to the b6f Qi-site is aggravated by heme-ci, which challenged the FQR function of b6f during CEF. Alternative models suggest that PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION5 (PGR5) is involved in a b6f-independent, AA-sensitive FQR. Here, we show in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that the b6f is conditionally inhibited by AA in vivo and that the inhibition did not require PGR5. Instead, activation of the STT7 kinase upon anaerobic treatment induced the AA sensitivity of b6f which was absent in stt7-1. However, a lock in State 2 due to persisting phosphorylation in the phosphatase double mutant pph1;pbcp did not increase AA sensitivity of electron transfer. The latter required a redox poise, supporting the view that state transitions and CEF are not coercively coupled. This suggests that the b6f-interacting kinase is required for structure-function modulation of the Qi-site under CEF favoring conditions. We propose that PGR5 and STT7 independently sustain AA-sensitive FQR activity of the b6f. Accordingly, PGR5-mediated electron injection into an STT7-modulated Qi-site drives a Mitchellian Q cycle in CEF conditions.
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10
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Couso I, Smythers AL, Ford MM, Umen JG, Crespo JL, Hicks LM. Inositol polyphosphates and target of rapamycin kinase signalling govern photosystem II protein phosphorylation and photosynthetic function under light stress in Chlamydomonas. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2011-2025. [PMID: 34529857 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stress and nutrient availability influence cell proliferation through complex intracellular signalling networks. In a previous study it was found that pyro-inositol polyphosphates (InsP7 and InsP8 ) produced by VIP1 kinase, and target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase signalling interacted synergistically to control cell growth and lipid metabolism in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the relationship between InsPs and TOR was not completely elucidated. We used an in vivo assay for TOR activity together with global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to assess differences between wild-type and vip1-1 in the presence and absence of rapamycin. We found that TOR signalling is more severely affected by the inhibitor rapamycin in a vip1-1 mutant compared with wild-type, indicating that InsP7 and InsP8 produced by VIP1 act independently but also coordinately with TOR. Additionally, among hundreds of differentially phosphorylated peptides detected, an enrichment for photosynthesis-related proteins was observed, particularly photosystem II proteins. The significance of these results was underscored by the finding that vip1-1 strains show multiple defects in photosynthetic physiology that were exacerbated under high light conditions. These results suggest a novel role for inositol pyrophosphates and TOR signalling in coordinating photosystem phosphorylation patterns in Chlamydomonas cells in response to light stress and possibly other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Couso
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Amanda L Smythers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Megan M Ford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - James G Umen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - José L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Leslie M Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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11
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Longoni FP, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. Thylakoid Protein Phosphorylation in Chloroplasts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1094-1107. [PMID: 33768241 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their abundance and extensive phosphorylation, numerous thylakoid proteins stand out amongst the phosphoproteins of plants and algae. In particular, subunits of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and of photosystem II (PSII) are dynamically phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in response to light conditions and metabolic demands. These phosphorylations are controlled by evolutionarily conserved thylakoid protein kinases and counteracting protein phosphatases, which have distinct but partially overlapping substrate specificities. The best characterized are the kinases STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7/STT7) and STATE TRANSITION 8 (STN8), and the antagonistic phosphatases PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38) and PHOTOSYSTEM II CORE PHOSPHATASE (PBCP). The phosphorylation of LHCII is mainly governed by STN7 and PPH1/TAP38 in plants. LHCII phosphorylation is essential for state transitions, a regulatory feedback mechanism that controls the allocation of this antenna to either PSII or PSI, and thus maintains the redox balance of the electron transfer chain. Phosphorylation of several core subunits of PSII, regulated mainly by STN8 and PBCP, correlates with changes in thylakoid architecture, the repair cycle of PSII after photodamage as well as regulation of light harvesting and of alternative routes of photosynthetic electron transfer. Other kinases, such as the PLASTID CASEIN KINASE II (pCKII), also intervene in thylakoid protein phosphorylation and take part in the chloroplast kinase network. While some features of thylakoid phosphorylation were conserved through the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes, others have diverged in different lineages possibly as a result of their adaptation to varied environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Paolo Longoni
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel 2000, Switzerland
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12
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Wu J, Rong L, Lin W, Kong L, Wei D, Zhang L, Rochaix JD, Xu X. Functional redox links between lumen thiol oxidoreductase1 and serine/threonine-protein kinase STN7. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:964-976. [PMID: 33620491 PMCID: PMC8195503 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to changing light quantity and quality, photosynthetic organisms perform state transitions, a process which optimizes photosynthetic yield and mitigates photo-damage. The serine/threonine-protein kinase STN7 phosphorylates the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (PSII; light-harvesting complex II), which then migrates from PSII to photosystem I (PSI), thereby rebalancing the light excitation energy between the photosystems and restoring the redox poise of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Two conserved cysteines forming intra- or intermolecular disulfide bonds in the lumenal domain (LD) of STN7 are essential for the kinase activity although it is still unknown how activation of the kinase is regulated. In this study, we show lumen thiol oxidoreductase 1 (LTO1) is co-expressed with STN7 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and interacts with the LD of STN7 in vitro and in vivo. LTO1 contains thioredoxin (TRX)-like and vitamin K epoxide reductase domains which are related to the disulfide-bond formation system in bacteria. We further show that the TRX-like domain of LTO1 is able to oxidize the conserved lumenal cysteines of STN7 in vitro. In addition, loss of LTO1 affects the kinase activity of STN7 in Arabidopsis. Based on these results, we propose that LTO1 helps to maintain STN7 in an oxidized active state in state 2 through redox interactions between the lumenal cysteines of STN7 and LTO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei Rong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijun Lin
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingxi Kong
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dengjie Wei
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Author for communication:
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13
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Bag P. Light Harvesting in Fluctuating Environments: Evolution and Function of Antenna Proteins across Photosynthetic Lineage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1184. [PMID: 34200788 PMCID: PMC8230411 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the major natural process that can harvest and harness solar energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis is performed by a vast number of organisms from single cellular bacteria to higher plants and to make the process efficient, all photosynthetic organisms possess a special type of pigment protein complex(es) that is (are) capable of trapping light energy, known as photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae. From an evolutionary point of view, simpler (unicellular) organisms typically have a simple antenna, whereas higher plants possess complex antenna systems. The higher complexity of the antenna systems provides efficient fine tuning of photosynthesis. This relationship between the complexity of the antenna and the increasing complexity of the organism is mainly related to the remarkable acclimation capability of complex organisms under fluctuating environmental conditions. These antenna complexes not only harvest light, but also provide photoprotection under fluctuating light conditions. In this review, the evolution, structure, and function of different antenna complexes, from single cellular organisms to higher plants, are discussed in the context of the ability to acclimate and adapt to cope under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushan Bag
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, UPSC, Umeå University, 90736 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Malone LA, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Hunter CN, Johnson MP. Cytochrome b 6f - Orchestrator of photosynthetic electron transfer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2021; 1862:148380. [PMID: 33460588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2021.148380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) lies at the heart of the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis, where it serves as a link between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) through the oxidation and reduction of the electron carriers plastoquinol (PQH2) and plastocyanin (Pc). A mechanism of electron bifurcation, known as the Q-cycle, couples electron transfer to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient for ATP synthesis. Cytb6f catalyses the rate-limiting step in linear electron transfer (LET), is pivotal for cyclic electron transfer (CET) and plays a key role as a redox-sensing hub involved in the regulation of light-harvesting, electron transfer and photosynthetic gene expression. Together, these characteristics make cytb6f a judicious target for genetic manipulation to enhance photosynthetic yield, a strategy which already shows promise. In this review we will outline the structure and function of cytb6f with a particular focus on new insights provided by the recent high-resolution map of the complex from Spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna A Malone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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15
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Roach T. LHCSR3-Type NPQ Prevents Photoinhibition and Slowed Growth under Fluctuating Light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111604. [PMID: 33218177 PMCID: PMC7698959 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural light intensities can rise several orders of magnitude over subsecond time spans, posing a major challenge for photosynthesis. Fluctuating light tolerance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires alternative electron pathways, but the role of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is not known. Here, fluctuating light (10 min actinic light followed by 10 min darkness) led to significant increase in NPQ/qE-related proteins, LHCSR1 and LHCSR3, relative to constant light of the same subsaturating or saturating intensity. Elevated levels of LHCSR1/3 increased the ability of cells to safely dissipate excess light energy to heat (i.e., qE-type NPQ) during dark to light transition, as measured with chlorophyll fluorescence. The low qE phenotype of the npq4 mutant, which is unable to produce LHCSR3, was abolished under fluctuating light, showing that LHCSR1 alone enables very high levels of qE. Photosystem (PS) levels were also affected by light treatments; constant light led to lower PsbA levels and Fv/Fm values, while fluctuating light led to lower PsaA and maximum P700+ levels, indicating that constant and fluctuating light induced PSII and PSI photoinhibition, respectively. Under fluctuating light, npq4 suffered more PSI photoinhibition and significantly slower growth rates than parental wild type, whereas npq1 and npq2 mutants affected in xanthophyll carotenoid compositions had identical growth under fluctuating and constant light. Overall, LHCSR3 rather than total qE capacity or zeaxanthin is shown to be important in C. reinhardtii in tolerating fluctuating light, potentially via preventing PSI photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Roach T, Na CS, Stöggl W, Krieger-Liszkay A. The non-photochemical quenching protein LHCSR3 prevents oxygen-dependent photoinhibition in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2650-2660. [PMID: 31943079 PMCID: PMC7210768 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) helps dissipate surplus light energy, preventing formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the thylakoid membrane protein LHCSR3 is involved in pH-dependent (qE-type) NPQ, lacking in the npq4 mutant. Preventing PSII repair revealed that npq4 lost PSII activity faster than the wild type (WT) in elevated O2, while no difference between strains was observed in O2-depleted conditions. Low Fv/Fm values remained 1.5 h after moving cells out of high light, and this qH-type quenching was independent of LHCSR3 and not accompanied by losses of maximum PSII activity. Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30-35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in the WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Colony growth of npq4 was severely restricted at elevated O2, and npq4 accumulated more reactive electrophile species (RES) than the WT, which could damage PSI. Levels of PsaA (PSI) were lower in npq4 grown at 35% O2, while PsbA (PSII) levels remained stable. We conclude that even at high O2 concentrations, the PSII repair cycle is sufficient to maintain net levels of PSII. However, LHCSR3 has an important function in protecting PSI against O2-mediated damage, such as via RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biology Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biology Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
- Seed Conservation Research Division, Department of Seed Vault, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Munsu-ro, Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Centre for Molecular Biology Innsbruck, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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17
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The BF4 and p71 antenna mutants from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148085. [PMID: 31672413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two pale green mutants of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which have been used over the years in many photosynthesis studies, the BF4 and p71 mutants, were characterized and their mutated gene identified in the nuclear genome. The BF4 mutant is defective in the insertase Alb3.1 whereas p71 is defective in cpSRP43. The two mutants showed strikingly similar deficiencies in most of the peripheral antenna proteins associated with either photosystem I or photosystem 2. As a result the two photosystems have a reduced antenna size with photosystem 2 being the most affected. Still up to 20% of the antenna proteins remain in these strains, with the heterodimer Lhca5/Lhca6 showing a lower sensitivity to these mutations. We discuss these phenotypes in light of those of other allelic mutants that have been described in the literature and suggest that eventhough the cpSRP route serves as the main biogenesis pathway for antenna proteins, there should be an escape pathway which remains to be genetically identified.
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18
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Nawrocki WJ, Liu X, Croce R. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Exhibits De Facto Constitutive NPQ Capacity in Physiologically Relevant Conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:472-479. [PMID: 31653716 PMCID: PMC6945880 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus must be able to withstand light conditions that exceed its capacity for carbon fixation. Photosynthetic organisms developed nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), a process that dissipates excess absorbed light energy as heat and limits the production of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the LHCSR pigment-binding proteins are essential for NPQ. These complexes are not constitutively present in the thylakoid membranes; however, in laboratory conditions their expression depends on prior high light exposure of cells. To investigate the role of NPQ, we measured cells grown under a day-night cycle with a high light peak at mid-day. LHCSRs are present and NPQ is active consistently throughout the day, likely due to their slow degradation in vivo. This suggests that in physiologically relevant conditions, Chlamydomonas cells are prepared to immediately activate photoprotection, as is the case in vascular plants. We further reveal that state transitions are fully functional under these conditions and that PsbS is highly expressed throughout the day, suggesting it might have a more impactful role than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Scholz M, Gäbelein P, Xue H, Mosebach L, Bergner SV, Hippler M. Light-dependent N-terminal phosphorylation of LHCSR3 and LHCB4 are interlinked in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:877-894. [PMID: 31033075 PMCID: PMC6851877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation dynamics of LHCSR3 were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by quantitative proteomics and genetic engineering. LHCSR3 protein expression and phosphorylation were induced in high light. Our data revealed synergistic and dynamic N-terminal LHCSR3 phosphorylation. Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated LHCSR3 associated with PSII-LHCII supercomplexes. The phosphorylation status of LHCB4 was closely linked to the phosphorylation of multiple sites at the N-terminus of LHCSR3, indicating that LHCSR3 phosphorylation may operate as a molecular switch modulating LHCB4 phosphorylation, which in turn is important for PSII-LHCII disassembly. Notably, LHCSR3 phosphorylation diminished under prolonged high light, which coincided with onset of CEF. Hierarchical clustering of significantly altered proteins revealed similar expression profiles of LHCSR3, CRX, and FNR. This finding indicated the existence of a functional link between LHCSR3 protein abundance and phosphorylation, photosynthetic electron flow, and the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterSchlossplatz 8Münster48143Germany
| | - Philipp Gäbelein
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterSchlossplatz 8Münster48143Germany
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterSchlossplatz 8Münster48143Germany
| | - Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterSchlossplatz 8Münster48143Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterSchlossplatz 8Münster48143Germany
- Present address:
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyAm Mühlenberg 1Potsdam‐Golm14476Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of MünsterSchlossplatz 8Münster48143Germany
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20
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Binding of ferredoxin NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR) to plant photosystem I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:689-698. [PMID: 31336103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The binding of FNR to PSI has been postulated long ago, however, a clear evidence is still missing. In this work, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we found that FNR binds to photosystem I with its light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) from C. reinhardtii with a 1:1 stoichiometry, a Kd of ~0.8 μM and ∆H of -20.7 kcal/mol. Titrations at different temperatures were used to determine the heat capacity change, ∆CP, of the binding, through which the size of the interface area between the proteins was assessed as ~3000 Å2. In a different set of ITC experiments, introduction of various sucrose concentrations was used to estimate that ~95 water molecules are released to the solvent. These observations support the notion of a binding site shared by few of the photosystem I - light harvesting complex I (PSI-LHCI) subunits in addition to PsaE. Based on these results, a hypothetical model was built for the binding site of FNR at PSI, using known crystallographic structures of: cyanobacterial PSI in complex with ferredoxin (Fd), plant PSI-LHCI and Fd:FNR complex from cyanobacteria. FNR binding site location is proposed to be at the foot of the stromal ridge and above the inner LHCI belt. It is expected to form contacts with PsaE, PsaB, PsaF and at least one of the LHCI. In addition, a ~4.5-fold increased affinity between FNR and PSI-LHCI under crowded 1 M sucrose environment led us to conclude that in C. reinhardtii FNR also functions as a subunit of PSI-LHCI.
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21
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Tcherkez G, Limami AM. Net photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation: more than just CO 2 and O 2 reduction cycles. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:520-529. [PMID: 30927445 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Net photosynthetic assimilation in C3 plants is mostly viewed as a simple balance between CO2 fixation by Rubisco-catalyzed carboxylation and CO2 production by photorespiration (and to a lower extent, by day respiration) that can be easily manipulated during gas exchange experiments using the CO2 : O2 ratio of the environment. However, it now becomes clear that it is not so simple, because the photosynthetic response to gaseous conditions involves 'ancillary' metabolisms, even in the short-term. That is, carbon and nitrogen utilization by pathways other than the Calvin cycle and the photorespiratory cycle, as well as rapid signaling events, can influence the observed rate of net photosynthesis. The potential impact of such ancillary metabolisms is assessed as well as how it must be taken into account to avoid misinterpretation of photosynthetic CO2 response curves or low O2 effects in C3 leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Anis M Limami
- IRHS Centre INRA d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 42 rue George Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
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22
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Durante L, Hübner W, Lauersen KJ, Remacle C. Characterization of the GPR1/FUN34/YaaH protein family in the green microalga Chlamydomonas suggests their role as intracellular membrane acetate channels. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00148. [PMID: 31245784 PMCID: PMC6556978 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a powerful photosynthetic model organism which is capable of heterotrophic growth on acetate as a sole carbon source. This capacity has enabled its use for investigations of perturbations in photosynthetic machinery as mutants can be recovered heterotrophically. Fixation of acetate into cellular carbon metabolism occurs first by its conversion into acetyl-CoA by a respective synthase and the generation of succinate by the glyoxylate cycle. These metabolic steps have been recently determined to largely occur in the peroxisomes of this alga; however, little is known about the trafficking and import of acetate or its subcellular compartmentalization. Recently, the genes of five proteins belonging to the GPR1/FUN34/YaaH (GFY) superfamily were observed to exhibit increased expression in C. reinhardtii upon acetate addition, however, no further characterization has been reported. Here, we provide several lines of evidence to implicate Cr GFY1-5 as channels which share structural homology with bacterial succinate-acetate channels and specifically localize to microbodies, which are surprisingly distinct from the glyoxylate cycle-containing peroxisomes. We demonstrate structural models, gene expression profiling, and in vivo fluorescence localization of all five isoforms in the algal cell to further support this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Durante
- Genetics and Physiology of MicroalgaeInBios/PhytosystemsUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Biomolecular PhotonicsDepartment of PhysicsBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Kyle J. Lauersen
- Faculty of BiologyCenter for Biotechnology (CeBiTec)Bielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Claire Remacle
- Genetics and Physiology of MicroalgaeInBios/PhytosystemsUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium
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23
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LHCSR3 is a nonphotochemical quencher of both photosystems in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4212-4217. [PMID: 30782831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809812116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms prevent oxidative stress from light energy absorbed in excess through several photoprotective mechanisms. A major component is thermal dissipation of chlorophyll singlet excited states and is called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). NPQ is catalyzed in green algae by protein subunits called LHCSRs (Light Harvesting Complex Stress Related), homologous to the Light Harvesting Complexes (LHC), constituting the antenna system of both photosystem I (PSI) and PSII. We investigated the role of LHCSR1 and LHCSR3 in NPQ activation to verify whether these proteins are involved in thermal dissipation of PSI excitation energy, in addition to their well-known effect on PSII. To this aim, we measured the fluorescence emitted at 77 K by whole cells in a quenched or unquenched state, using green fluorescence protein as the internal standard. We show that NPQ activation by high light treatment in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii leads to energy quenching in both PSI and PSII antenna systems. By analyzing quenching properties of mutants affected on the expression of LHCSR1 or LHCSR3 gene products and/or state 1-state 2 transitions or zeaxanthin accumulation, namely, npq4, stt7, stt7 npq4, npq4 lhcsr1, lhcsr3-complemented npq4 lhcsr1 and npq1, we showed that PSI undergoes NPQ through quenching of the associated LHCII antenna. This quenching event is fast-reversible on switching the light off, is mainly related to LHCSR3 activity, and is dependent on thylakoid luminal pH. Moreover, PSI quenching could also be observed in the absence of zeaxanthin or STT7 kinase activity.
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24
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LHC-like proteins involved in stress responses and biogenesis/repair of the photosynthetic apparatus. Biochem J 2019; 476:581-593. [PMID: 30765616 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LHC (light-harvesting complex) proteins of plants and algae are known to be involved both in collecting light energy for driving the primary photochemical reactions of photosynthesis and in photoprotection when the absorbed light energy exceeds the capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus. These proteins usually contain three transmembrane (TM) helices which span the thylakoid membranes and bind several chlorophyll, carotenoid and lipid molecules. In addition, the LHC protein family includes LHC-like proteins containing one, two, three or even four TM domains. One-helix proteins are not only present in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms but also in cyanobacteria where they have been named high light-inducible proteins. These small proteins are probably the ancestors of the members of the extant LHC protein family which arouse through gene duplications, deletions and fusions. During evolution, some of these proteins have diverged and acquired novel functions. In most cases, LHC-like proteins are induced in response to various stress conditions including high light, high salinity, elevated temperature and nutrient limitation. Many of these proteins play key roles in photoprotection, notably in non-photochemical quenching of absorbed light energy. Moreover, some of these proteins appear to be involved in the regulation of chlorophyll synthesis and in the assembly and repair of Photosystem II and also of Photosystem I possibly by mediating the insertion of newly synthesized pigments into the photosynthetic reaction centers.
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25
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Buchert F, Hamon M, Gäbelein P, Scholz M, Hippler M, Wollman FA. The labile interactions of cyclic electron flow effector proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17559-17573. [PMID: 30228184 PMCID: PMC6231120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramolecular organization of membrane proteins (MPs) is sensitive to environmental changes in photosynthetic organisms. Isolation of MP supercomplexes from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which are believed to contribute to cyclic electron flow (CEF) between the cytochrome b6f complex (Cyt-b6f) and photosystem I (PSI), proved difficult. We were unable to isolate a supercomplex containing both Cyt-b6f and PSI because in our hands, most of Cyt-b6f did not comigrate in sucrose density gradients, even upon using chemical cross-linkers or amphipol substitution of detergents. Assisted by independent affinity purification and MS approaches, we utilized disintegrating MP assemblies and demonstrated that the algae-specific CEF effector proteins PETO and ANR1 are bona fide Cyt-b6f interactors, with ANR1 requiring the presence of an additional, presently unknown, protein. We narrowed down the Cyt-b6f interface, where PETO is loosely attached to cytochrome f and to a stromal region of subunit IV, which also contains phosphorylation sites for the STT7 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buchert
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR7141 CNRS-Sorbonne-Université, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Marion Hamon
- the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR8226/FRC550 CNRS-Sorbonne-Université, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philipp Gäbelein
- the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Martin Scholz
- the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Michael Hippler
- the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- From the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR7141 CNRS-Sorbonne-Université, 13 Rue P et M Curie, 75005 Paris, France,
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26
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Ozawa SI, Bald T, Onishi T, Xue H, Matsumura T, Kubo R, Takahashi H, Hippler M, Takahashi Y. Configuration of Ten Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/ b Complex I Subunits in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Photosystem I. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:583-595. [PMID: 30126869 PMCID: PMC6181050 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the photosystem I (PSI) core complex stably associates with its light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex I (LHCI) to form the PSI-LHCI supercomplex. The vascular plant PSI core complex associates with four distinct LHCI subunits, whereas that of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii binds nine distinct LHCI subunits (LHCA1-LHCA9). The stoichiometry and configuration of these LHCI subunits in the PSI-LHCI supercomplex of C. reinhardtii remain controversial. Here, we determined the stoichiometry of the nine distinct LHCI subunits relative to PSI subunits through uniform labeling of total proteins using 14C. We separated the nine LHCI polypeptides by three different sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems. Our data revealed that the PSI-LHCI supercomplex contains two LHCA1 proteins and one of each of the other eight LHCI subunits. Subsequently, we identified their cross-linked products by immunodetection and mass spectrometry to determine the configuration of the 10 LHCI subunits within the PSI-LHCI supercomplex. Furthermore, analyses of PSI-LHCI complexes isolated from ΔLHCA2 and ΔLHCA5 mutants and oligomeric LHCI from a PSI-deficient (ΔpsaA/B) mutant provided supporting evidence for the LHCI subunit configuration. In conclusion, eight LHCI subunits bind to the PSI core at the site of PSAF subunit in two layers: LHCA1-LHCA8-LHCA7-LHCA3 from PSAG to PSAK, in the inner layer, and LHCA1-LHCA4-LHCA6-LHCA5 in the outer layer. The other two LHCI subunits, LHCA2 and LHCA9, bind PSAB between PSAG and PSAH, PSAG-LHCA9-LHCA2-PSAH. Our study provides new insights into the LHCI configuration linked to the PSI core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-CREST, 4-1-8 Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Till Bald
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Takahito Onishi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Takunori Matsumura
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryota Kubo
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency-CREST, 4-1-8 Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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27
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Structure of a PSI-LHCI-cyt b 6f supercomplex in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii promoting cyclic electron flow under anaerobic conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10517-10522. [PMID: 30254175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809973115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic linear electron flow (LEF) produces ATP and NADPH, while cyclic electron flow (CEF) exclusively drives photophosphorylation to supply extra ATP. The fine-tuning of linear and cyclic electron transport levels allows photosynthetic organisms to balance light energy absorption with cellular energy requirements under constantly changing light conditions. As LEF and CEF share many electron transfer components, a key question is how the same individual structural units contribute to these two different functional modes. Here, we report the structural identification of a photosystem I (PSI)-light harvesting complex I (LHCI)-cytochrome (cyt) b6f supercomplex isolated from the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under anaerobic conditions, which induces CEF. This provides strong evidence for the model that enhanced CEF is induced by the formation of CEF supercomplexes, when stromal electron carriers are reduced, to generate additional ATP. The additional identification of PSI-LHCI-LHCII complexes is consistent with recent findings that both CEF enhancement and state transitions are triggered by similar conditions, but can occur independently from each other. Single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy indicates a physical association between cyt b6f and fluorescent chlorophyll containing PSI-LHCI supercomplexes. Single particle analysis identified top-view projections of the corresponding PSI-LHCI-cyt b6f supercomplex. Based on molecular modeling and mass spectrometry analyses, we propose a model in which dissociation of LHCA2 and LHCA9 from PSI supports the formation of this CEF supercomplex. This is supported by the finding that a Δlhca2 knockout mutant has constitutively enhanced CEF.
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28
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The evolution of the photoprotective antenna proteins in oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1263-1277. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms require rapid and reversible down-regulation of light harvesting to avoid photodamage. Response to unpredictable light fluctuations is achieved by inducing energy-dependent quenching, qE, which is the major component of the process known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. qE is controlled by the operation of the xanthophyll cycle and accumulation of specific types of proteins, upon thylakoid lumen acidification. The protein cofactors so far identified to modulate qE in photosynthetic eukaryotes are the photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR/LHCX) proteins. A transition from LHCSR- to PsbS-dependent qE took place during the evolution of the Viridiplantae (also known as ‘green lineage’ organisms), such as green algae, mosses and vascular plants. Multiple studies showed that LHCSR and PsbS proteins have distinct functions in the mechanism of qE. LHCX(-like) proteins are closely related to LHCSR proteins and found in ‘red lineage’ organisms that contain secondary red plastids, such as diatoms. Although LHCX proteins appear to control qE in diatoms, their role in the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present the current knowledge on the functions and evolution of these crucial proteins, which evolved in photosynthetic eukaryotes to optimise light harvesting.
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29
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Rea G, Antonacci A, Lambreva MD, Mattoo AK. Features of cues and processes during chloroplast-mediated retrograde signaling in the alga Chlamydomonas. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:193-206. [PMID: 29807591 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde signaling is an intracellular communication process defined by cues generated in chloroplast and mitochondria which traverse membranes to their destination in the nucleus in order to regulate nuclear gene expression and protein synthesis. The coding and decoding of such organellar message(s) involve gene medleys and metabolic components about which more is known in higher plants than the unicellular organisms such as algae. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an oxygenic microalgal model for genetic and physiological studies. It harbors a single chloroplast and is amenable for generating mutants. The focus of this review is on studies that delineate retrograde signaling in Chlamydomonas vis a vis higher plants. Thus, communication networks between chloroplast and nucleus involving photosynthesis- and ROS-generated signals, functional tetrapyrrole biosynthesis intermediates, and Ca2+-signaling that modulate nuclear gene expression in this alga are discussed. Conceptually, different signaling components converge to regulate either the same or functionally-overlapping gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Rea
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29, 3 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Amina Antonacci
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29, 3 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Maya D Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29, 3 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Autar K Mattoo
- The Henry A Wallace Agricultural Research Centre, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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30
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LHCSR Expression under HSP70/RBCS2 Promoter as a Strategy to Increase Productivity in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010155. [PMID: 29303960 PMCID: PMC5796104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms considered as potential alternative sources for biomass, biofuels or high value products. However, limited biomass productivity is commonly experienced in their cultivating system despite their high potential. One of the reasons for this limitation is the high thermal dissipation of the light absorbed by the outer layers of the cultures exposed to high light caused by the activation of a photoprotective mechanism called non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). In the model organism for green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NPQ is triggered by pigment binding proteins called light-harvesting-complexes-stress-related (LHCSRs), which are over-accumulated in high light. It was recently reported that biomass productivity can be increased both in microalgae and higher plants by properly tuning NPQ induction. In this work increased light use efficiency is reported by introducing in C. reinhardtii a LHCSR3 gene under the control of Heat Shock Protein 70/RUBISCO small chain 2 promoter in a npq4 lhcsr1 background, a mutant strain knockout for all LHCSR genes. This complementation strategy leads to a low expression of LHCSR3, causing a strong reduction of NPQ induction but is still capable of protecting from photodamage at high irradiance, resulting in an improved photosynthetic efficiency and higher biomass accumulation.
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31
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Mosebach L, Heilmann C, Mutoh R, Gäbelein P, Steinbeck J, Happe T, Ikegami T, Hanke G, Kurisu G, Hippler M. Association of Ferredoxin:NADP + oxidoreductase with the photosynthetic apparatus modulates electron transfer in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:291-306. [PMID: 28593495 PMCID: PMC5683061 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxins (FDX) and the FDX:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNR) represent a key junction of electron transport downstream of photosystem I (PSI). Dynamic recruitment of FNR to the thylakoid membrane has been considered as a potential mechanism to define the fate of photosynthetically derived electrons. In this study, we investigated the functional importance of the association of FNR with the photosynthetic apparatus in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In vitro assays based on NADP+ photoreduction measurements as well as NMR chemical shift perturbation analyses showed that FNR preferentially interacts with FDX1 compared to FDX2. Notably, binding of FNR to a PSI supercomplex further enhanced this preference for FDX1 over FDX2, suggesting that FNR is potentially capable of channelling electrons towards distinct routes. NADP+ photoreduction assays and immunoblotting revealed that the association of FNR with the thylakoid membrane including the PSI supercomplex is impaired in the absence of Proton Gradient Regulation 5 (PGR5) and/or Proton Gradient Regulation 5-Like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1), implying that both proteins, directly or indirectly, contribute to the recruitment of FNR to the thylakoid membrane. As assessed via in vivo absorption spectroscopy and immunoblotting, PSI was the primary target of photodamage in response to high-light stress in the absence of PGR5 and/or PGRL1. Anoxia preserved the activity of PSI, pointing to enhanced electron donation to O2 as the source of the observed PSI inactivation and degradation. These findings establish another perspective on PGR5/PGRL1 knockout-related phenotypes and potentially interconnect FNR with the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport and PSI photoprotection in C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosebach
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Heilmann
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Philipp Gäbelein
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Janina Steinbeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Takahisa Ikegami
- Structural Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Münster, Germany.
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32
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Dumas L, Zito F, Blangy S, Auroy P, Johnson X, Peltier G, Alric J. A stromal region of cytochrome b6f subunit IV is involved in the activation of the Stt7 kinase in Chlamydomonas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:12063-12068. [PMID: 29078388 PMCID: PMC5692589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713343114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome (cyt) b6f complex and Stt7 kinase regulate the antenna sizes of photosystems I and II through state transitions, which are mediated by a reversible phosphorylation of light harvesting complexes II, depending on the redox state of the plastoquinone pool. When the pool is reduced, the cyt b6f activates the Stt7 kinase through a mechanism that is still poorly understood. After random mutagenesis of the chloroplast petD gene, coding for subunit IV of the cyt b6f complex, and complementation of a ΔpetD host strain by chloroplast transformation, we screened for impaired state transitions in vivo by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. We show that residues Asn122, Tyr124, and Arg125 in the stromal loop linking helices F and G of cyt b6f subunit IV are crucial for state transitions. In vitro reconstitution experiments with purified cyt b6f and recombinant Stt7 kinase domain show that cyt b6f enhances Stt7 autophosphorylation and that the Arg125 residue is directly involved in this process. The peripheral stromal structure of the cyt b6f complex had, until now, no reported function. Evidence is now provided of a direct interaction with Stt7 on the stromal side of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dumas
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Francesca Zito
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, UMR7099, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean Alric
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France;
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Leufken J, Niehues A, Sarin LP, Wessel F, Hippler M, Leidel SA, Fufezan C. pyQms enables universal and accurate quantification of mass spectrometry data. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1736-1745. [PMID: 28729385 PMCID: PMC5629261 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m117.068007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) is a key technique in many research areas (1), including proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, and lipidomics. Because all of the corresponding molecules can be described by chemical formulas, universal quantification tools are highly desirable. Here, we present pyQms, an open-source software for accurate quantification of all types of molecules measurable by MS. pyQms uses isotope pattern matching that offers an accurate quality assessment of all quantifications and the ability to directly incorporate mass spectrometer accuracy. pyQms is, due to its universal design, applicable to every research field, labeling strategy, and acquisition technique. This opens ultimate flexibility for researchers to design experiments employing innovative and hitherto unexplored labeling strategies. Importantly, pyQms performs very well to accurately quantify partially labeled proteomes in large scale and high throughput, the most challenging task for a quantification algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leufken
- From the ‡Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany.,§Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Anna Niehues
- From the ‡Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - L Peter Sarin
- §Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Florian Wessel
- From the ‡Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany.,¶Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, G181 DKFZ-Bayer Joint Immunotherapy Laboratory, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- From the ‡Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- §Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 54, 48149 Muenster, Germany; .,‖Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,**Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Fufezan
- From the ‡Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; .,‡‡Cellzome A GSK Company, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Pfannmüller A, Leufken J, Studt L, Michielse CB, Sieber CMK, Güldener U, Hawat S, Hippler M, Fufezan C, Tudzynski B. Comparative transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals a global impact of the nitrogen regulators AreA and AreB on secondary metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176194. [PMID: 28441411 PMCID: PMC5404775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of multiple secondary metabolites in the phytopathogenic ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi is strongly affected by nitrogen availability. Here, we present the first genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analysis that compared the wild type and deletion mutants of the two major nitrogen regulators AreA and AreB. We show that AreB acts not simply as an antagonist of AreA counteracting the expression of AreA target genes as suggested based on the yeast model. Both GATA transcription factors affect a large and diverse set of common as well as specific target genes and proteins, acting as activators and repressors. We demonstrate that AreA and AreB are not only involved in fungal nitrogen metabolism, but also in the control of several complex cellular processes like carbon metabolism, transport and secondary metabolism. We show that both GATA transcription factors can be considered as master regulators of secondary metabolism as they affect the expression of more than half of the 47 putative secondary metabolite clusters identified in the genome of F. fujikuroi. While AreA acts as a positive regulator of many clusters under nitrogen-limiting conditions, AreB is able to activate and repress gene clusters (e.g. bikaverin) under nitrogen limitation and sufficiency. In addition, ChIP analyses revealed that loss of AreA or AreB causes histone modifications at some of the regulated gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pfannmüller
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Leufken
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Computational Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Studt
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Division of Microbial Genetics and Pathogen Interaction, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Campus-Tulln, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline B. Michielse
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian M. K. Sieber
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Güldener
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Genome-oriented Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Susan Hawat
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Fufezan
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Computational Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bettina Tudzynski
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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35
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LHCSR3 affects de-coupling and re-coupling of LHCII to PSII during state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43145. [PMID: 28233792 PMCID: PMC5324048 DOI: 10.1038/srep43145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have to tolerate rapid changes in light intensity, which is facilitated by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and involves modification of energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes (LHC) to the photosystem reaction centres. NPQ includes dissipating excess light energy to heat (qE) and the reversible coupling of LHCII to photosystems (state transitions/qT), which are considered separate NPQ mechanisms. In the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the LHCSR3 protein has a well characterised role in qE. Here, it is shown in the npq4 mutant, deficient in LHCSR3, that energy coupling to photosystem II (PSII) more akin to qT is also disrupted, but no major differences in LHC phosphorylation or LHC compositions were found in comparison to wild-type cells. The qT of wild-type cells possessed two kinetically distinguishable phases, with LHCSR3 participating in the more rapid (<2 min) phase. This LHCSR3-mediated qT was sensitive to physiological levels of H2O2, which accelerated qE induction, revealing a way that may help C. reinhardtii tolerate a sudden increase in light intensity. Overall, a clear mechanistic overlap between qE and qT is shown.
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Chaux F, Johnson X, Auroy P, Beyly-Adriano A, Te I, Cuiné S, Peltier G. PGRL1 and LHCSR3 Compensate for Each Other in Controlling Photosynthesis and Avoiding Photosystem I Photoinhibition during High Light Acclimation of Chlamydomonas Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:216-218. [PMID: 27693674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chaux
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Audrey Beyly-Adriano
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Isabelle Te
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108, France.
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A blue-light photoreceptor mediates the feedback regulation of photosynthesis. Nature 2016; 537:563-566. [PMID: 27626383 DOI: 10.1038/nature19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In plants and algae, light serves both as the energy source for photosynthesis and a biological signal that triggers cellular responses via specific sensory photoreceptors. Red light is perceived by bilin-containing phytochromes and blue light by the flavin-containing cryptochromes and/or phototropins (PHOTs), the latter containing two photosensory light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains. Photoperception spans several orders of light intensity, ranging from far below the threshold for photosynthesis to values beyond the capacity of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Excess light may cause oxidative damage and cell death, processes prevented by enhanced thermal dissipation via high-energy quenching (qE), a key photoprotective response. Here we show the existence of a molecular link between photoreception, photosynthesis, and photoprotection in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We show that PHOT controls qE by inducing the expression of the qE effector protein LHCSR3 (light-harvesting complex stress-related protein 3) in high light intensities. This control requires blue-light perception by LOV domains on PHOT, LHCSR3 induction through PHOT kinase, and light dissipation in photosystem II via LHCSR3. Mutants deficient in the PHOT gene display severely reduced fitness under excessive light conditions, indicating that the sensing, utilization, and dissipation of light is a concerted process that plays a vital role in microalgal acclimation to environments of variable light intensities.
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Dumas L, Chazaux M, Peltier G, Johnson X, Alric J. Cytochrome b 6 f function and localization, phosphorylation state of thylakoid membrane proteins and consequences on cyclic electron flow. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:307-320. [PMID: 27534565 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Both the structure and the protein composition of thylakoid membranes have an impact on light harvesting and electron transfer in the photosynthetic chain. Thylakoid membranes form stacks and lamellae where photosystem II and photosystem I localize, respectively. Light-harvesting complexes II can be associated to either PSII or PSI depending on the redox state of the plastoquinone pool, and their distribution is governed by state transitions. Upon state transitions, the thylakoid ultrastructure and lateral distribution of proteins along the membrane are subject to significant rearrangements. In addition, quinone diffusion is limited to membrane microdomains and the cytochrome b 6 f complex localizes either to PSII-containing grana stacks or PSI-containing stroma lamellae. Here, we discuss possible similarities or differences between green algae and C3 plants on the functional consequences of such heterogeneities in the photosynthetic electron transport chain and propose a model in which quinones, accepting electrons either from PSII (linear flow) or NDH/PGR pathways (cyclic flow), represent a crucial control point. Our aim is to give an integrated description of these processes and discuss their potential roles in the balance between linear and cyclic electron flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dumas
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marie Chazaux
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Jean Alric
- Laboratory of Microalgal and Bacterial Bioenergetics and Biotechnology, CEA Cadarache, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7161 BIAM - LB3M, 13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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Tibiletti T, Auroy P, Peltier G, Caffarri S. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PsbS Protein Is Functional and Accumulates Rapidly and Transiently under High Light. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:2717-30. [PMID: 27329221 PMCID: PMC4972282 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms must respond to excess light in order to avoid photo-oxidative stress. In plants and green algae the fastest response to high light is non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), a process that allows the safe dissipation of the excess energy as heat. This phenomenon is triggered by the low luminal pH generated by photosynthetic electron transport. In vascular plants the main sensor of the low pH is the PsbS protein, while in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii LhcSR proteins appear to be exclusively responsible for this role. Interestingly, Chlamydomonas also possesses two PsbS genes, but so far the PsbS protein has not been detected and its biological function is unknown. Here, we reinvestigated the kinetics of gene expression and PsbS and LhcSR3 accumulation in Chlamydomonas during high light stress. We found that, unlike LhcSR3, PsbS accumulates very rapidly but only transiently. In order to determine the role of PsbS in NPQ and photoprotection in Chlamydomonas, we generated transplastomic strains expressing the algal or the Arabidopsis psbS gene optimized for plastid expression. Both PsbS proteins showed the ability to increase NPQ in Chlamydomonas wild-type and npq4 (lacking LhcSR3) backgrounds, but no clear photoprotection activity was observed. Quantification of PsbS and LhcSR3 in vivo indicates that PsbS is much less abundant than LhcSR3 during high light stress. Moreover, LhcSR3, unlike PsbS, also accumulates during other stress conditions. The possible role of PsbS in photoprotection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Tibiletti
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France (T.T., S.C.); and Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, 13108 St. Paul Les Durance, France (P.A., G.P.)
| | - Pascaline Auroy
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France (T.T., S.C.); and Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, 13108 St. Paul Les Durance, France (P.A., G.P.)
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France (T.T., S.C.); and Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, 13108 St. Paul Les Durance, France (P.A., G.P.)
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, 13009 Marseille, France (T.T., S.C.); and Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, 13108 St. Paul Les Durance, France (P.A., G.P.)
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Strenkert D, Limso CA, Fatihi A, Schmollinger S, Basset GJ, Merchant SS. Genetically Programmed Changes in Photosynthetic Cofactor Metabolism in Copper-deficient Chlamydomonas. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19118-31. [PMID: 27440043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and genomic studies indicate that copper deficiency triggers changes in the expression of genes encoding key enzymes in various chloroplast-localized lipid/pigment biosynthetic pathways. Among these are CGL78 involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and HPPD1, encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase catalyzing the committed step of plastoquinone and tocopherol biosyntheses. Copper deficiency in wild-type cells does not change the chlorophyll content, but a survey of chlorophyll protein accumulation in this situation revealed increased accumulation of LHCSR3, which is blocked at the level of mRNA accumulation when either CGL78 expression is reduced or in the crd1 mutant, which has a copper-nutrition conditional defect at the same step in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Again, like copper-deficient crd1 strains, cgl78 knock-down lines also have reduced chlorophyll content concomitant with loss of PSI-LHCI super-complexes and reduced abundance of a chlorophyll binding subunit of PSI, PSAK, which connects LHCI to PSI. For HPPD1, increased mRNA results in increased abundance of the corresponding protein in copper-deficient cells concomitant with CRR1-dependent increased accumulation of γ-tocopherols, but not plastoquinone-9 nor total tocopherols. In crr1 mutants, where increased HPPD1 expression is blocked, plastochromanol-8, derived from plastoquinone-9 and purported to also have an antioxidant function, is found instead. Although not previously found in algae, this metabolite may occur only in stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strenkert
- From the Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Clariss Ann Limso
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- the Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France, and
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- From the Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Gilles J Basset
- the Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- From the Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095,
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Grieco M, Jain A, Ebersberger I, Teige M. An evolutionary view on thylakoid protein phosphorylation uncovers novel phosphorylation hotspots with potential functional implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3883-96. [PMID: 27117338 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of photosynthetic light reactions by reversible protein phosphorylation is well established today, but functional studies have so far mostly been restricted to processes affecting light-harvesting complex II and the core proteins of photosystem II. Virtually no functional data are available on regulatory effects at the other photosynthetic complexes despite the identification of multiple phosphorylation sites. Therefore we summarize the available data from 50 published phospho-proteomics studies covering the main complexes involved in photosynthetic light reactions in the 'green lineage' (i.e. green algae and land plants) as well as its cyanobacterial counterparts. In addition, we performed an extensive orthologue search for the major photosynthetic thylakoid proteins in 41 sequenced genomes and generated sequence alignments to survey the phylogenetic distribution of phosphorylation sites and their evolutionary conservation from green algae to higher plants. We observed a number of uncharacterized phosphorylation hotspots at photosystem I and the ATP synthase with potential functional relevance as well as an unexpected divergence of phosphosites. Although technical limitations might account for a number of those differences, we think that many of these phosphosites have important functions. This is particularly important for mono- and dicot plants, where these sites might be involved in regulatory processes such as stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arpit Jain
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Anlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Takahashi H, Schmollinger S, Lee JH, Schroda M, Rappaport F, Wollman FA, Vallon O. PETO Interacts with Other Effectors of Cyclic Electron Flow in Chlamydomonas. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:558-568. [PMID: 26768121 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While photosynthetic linear electron flow produces both ATP and NADPH, cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) and cytochrome b6f generates only ATP. CEF is thus essential to balance the supply of ATP and NADPH for carbon fixation; however, it remains unclear how the system tunes the relative levels of linear and cyclic flow. Here, we show that PETO, a transmembrane thylakoid phosphoprotein specific of green algae, contributes to the stimulation of CEF when cells are placed in anoxia. In oxic conditions, PETO co-fractionates with other thylakoid proteins involved in CEF (ANR1, PGRL1, FNR). In PETO-knockdown strains, interactions between these CEF proteins are affected. Anoxia triggers a reorganization of the membrane, so that a subpopulation of PSI and cytochrome b6f now co-fractionates with the CEF effectors in sucrose gradients. The absence of PETO impairs this reorganization. Affinity purification identifies ANR1 as a major interactant of PETO. ANR1 contains two ANR domains, which are also found in the N-terminal region of NdhS, the ferredoxin-binding subunit of the plant ferredoxin-plastoquinone oxidoreductase (NDH). We propose that the ANR domain was co-opted by two unrelated CEF systems (PGR and NDH), possibly as a sensor of the redox state of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Takahashi
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserlautern 67663, Germany
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserlautern 67663, Germany
| | - Fabrice Rappaport
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Olivier Vallon
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141 CNRS-UPMC, 13 rue P et M Curie, Paris 75005, France.
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Berteotti S, Ballottari M, Bassi R. Increased biomass productivity in green algae by tuning non-photochemical quenching. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21339. [PMID: 26888481 PMCID: PMC4758054 DOI: 10.1038/srep21339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae have a high potential for the production of biofuels and highly valued metabolites. However, their current industrial exploitation is limited by a productivity in photobioreactors that is low compared to potential productivity. The high cell density and pigment content of the surface layers of photosynthetic microalgae result in absorption of excess photons and energy dissipation through non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). NPQ prevents photoinhibition, but its activation reduces the efficiency of photosynthetic energy conversion. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, NPQ is catalyzed by protein subunits encoded by three lhcsr (light harvesting complex stress related) genes. Here, we show that heat dissipation and biomass productivity depends on LHCSR protein accumulation. Indeed, algal strains lacking two lhcsr genes can grow in a wide range of light growth conditions without suffering from photoinhibition and are more productive than wild-type. Thus, the down-regulation of NPQ appears to be a suitable strategy for improving light use efficiency for biomass and biofuel production in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Berteotti
- Università di Verona, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Ballottari
- Università di Verona, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Università di Verona, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Wobbe L, Bassi R, Kruse O. Multi-Level Light Capture Control in Plants and Green Algae. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:55-68. [PMID: 26545578 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Life on Earth relies on photosynthesis, and the ongoing depletion of fossil carbon fuels has renewed interest in phototrophic light-energy conversion processes as a blueprint for the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into various organic compounds. Light-harvesting systems have evolved in plants and green algae, which are adapted to the light intensity and spectral composition encountered in their habitats. These organisms are constantly challenged by a fluctuating light supply and other environmental cues affecting photosynthetic performance. Excess light can be especially harmful, but plants and microalgae are equipped with different acclimation mechanisms to control the processing of sunlight absorbed at both photosystems. We summarize the current knowledge and discuss the potential for optimization of phototrophic light-energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Wobbe
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Universita degli Studi di Verona, Department of Biotechnology, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Pinnola A, Cazzaniga S, Alboresi A, Nevo R, Levin-Zaidman S, Reich Z, Bassi R. Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related Proteins Catalyze Excess Energy Dissipation in Both Photosystems of Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3213-27. [PMID: 26508763 PMCID: PMC4682295 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two LHC-like proteins, Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS) and Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR), are essential for triggering excess energy dissipation in chloroplasts of vascular plants and green algae, respectively. The mechanism of quenching was studied in Physcomitrella patens, an early divergent streptophyta (including green algae and land plants) in which both proteins are active. PSBS was localized in grana together with photosystem II (PSII), but LHCSR was located mainly in stroma-exposed membranes together with photosystem I (PSI), and its distribution did not change upon high-light treatment. The quenched conformation can be preserved by rapidly freezing the high-light-treated tissues in liquid nitrogen. When using green fluorescent protein as an internal standard, 77K fluorescence emission spectra on isolated chloroplasts allowed for independent assessment of PSI and PSII fluorescence yield. Results showed that both photosystems underwent quenching upon high-light treatment in the wild type in contrast to mutants depleted of LHCSR, which lacked PSI quenching. Due to the contribution of LHCII, P. patens had a PSI antenna size twice as large with respect to higher plants. Thus, LHCII, which is highly abundant in stroma membranes, appears to be the target of quenching by LHCSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Szyszka-Mroz B, Pittock P, Ivanov AG, Lajoie G, Hüner NPA. The Antarctic Psychrophile Chlamydomonas sp. UWO 241 Preferentially Phosphorylates a Photosystem I-Cytochrome b6/f Supercomplex. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:717-36. [PMID: 26169679 PMCID: PMC4577404 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas sp. UWO 241 (UWO 241) is a psychrophilic green alga isolated from Antarctica. A unique characteristic of this algal strain is its inability to undergo state transitions coupled with the absence of photosystem II (PSII) light-harvesting complex protein phosphorylation. We show that UWO 241 preferentially phosphorylates specific polypeptides associated with an approximately 1,000-kD pigment-protein supercomplex that contains components of both photosystem I (PSI) and the cytochrome b₆/f (Cyt b₆/f) complex. Liquid chromatography nano-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify three major phosphorylated proteins associated with this PSI-Cyt b₆/f supercomplex, two 17-kD PSII subunit P-like proteins and a 70-kD ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease, FtsH. The PSII subunit P-like protein sequence exhibited 70.6% similarity to the authentic PSII subunit P protein associated with the oxygen-evolving complex of PSII in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Tyrosine-146 was identified as a unique phosphorylation site on the UWO 241 PSII subunit P-like polypeptide. Assessment of PSI cyclic electron transport by in vivo P700 photooxidation and the dark relaxation kinetics of P700(+) indicated that UWO 241 exhibited PSI cyclic electron transport rates that were 3 times faster and more sensitive to antimycin A than the mesophile control, Chlamydomonas raudensis SAG 49.72. The stability of the PSI-Cyt b₆/f supercomplex was dependent upon the phosphorylation status of the PsbP-like protein and the zinc metalloprotease FtsH as well as the presence of high salt. We suggest that adaptation of UWO 241 to its unique low-temperature and high-salt environment favors the phosphorylation of a PSI-Cyt b₆/f supercomplex to regulate PSI cyclic electron transport rather than the regulation of state transitions through the phosphorylation of PSII light-harvesting complex proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Szyszka-Mroz
- Biology Department and Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 (B.S.-M., A.G.I., N.P.A.H.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4 (P.P., G.L.)
| | - Paula Pittock
- Biology Department and Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 (B.S.-M., A.G.I., N.P.A.H.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4 (P.P., G.L.)
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Biology Department and Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 (B.S.-M., A.G.I., N.P.A.H.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4 (P.P., G.L.)
| | - Gilles Lajoie
- Biology Department and Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 (B.S.-M., A.G.I., N.P.A.H.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4 (P.P., G.L.)
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Biology Department and Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 (B.S.-M., A.G.I., N.P.A.H.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2V4 (P.P., G.L.)
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Steinbeck J, Nikolova D, Weingarten R, Johnson X, Richaud P, Peltier G, Hermann M, Magneschi L, Hippler M. Deletion of Proton Gradient Regulation 5 (PGR5) and PGR5-Like 1 (PGRL1) proteins promote sustainable light-driven hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii due to increased PSII activity under sulfur deprivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:892. [PMID: 26579146 PMCID: PMC4621405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Continuous hydrogen photo-production under sulfur deprivation was studied in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pgr5 pgrl1 double mutant and respective single mutants. Under medium light conditions, the pgr5 exhibited the highest performance and produced about eight times more hydrogen than the wild type, making pgr5 one of the most efficient hydrogen producer reported so far. The pgr5 pgrl1 double mutant showed an increased hydrogen burst at the beginning of sulfur deprivation under high light conditions, but in this case the overall amount of hydrogen produced by pgr5 pgrl1 as well as pgr5 was diminished due to photo-inhibition and increased degradation of PSI. In contrast, the pgrl1 was effective in hydrogen production in both high and low light. Blocking photosynthetic electron transfer by DCMU stopped hydrogen production almost completely in the mutant strains, indicating that the main pathway of electrons toward enhanced hydrogen production is via linear electron transport. Indeed, PSII remained more active and stable in the pgr mutant strains as compared to the wild type. Since transition to anaerobiosis was faster and could be maintained due to an increased oxygen consumption capacity, this likely preserves PSII from photo-oxidative damage in the pgr mutants. Hence, we conclude that increased hydrogen production under sulfur deprivation in the pgr5 and pgrl1 mutants is caused by an increased stability of PSII permitting sustainable light-driven hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Steinbeck
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Denitsa Nikolova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Robert Weingarten
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies AlternativesSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille UniversitéSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pierre Richaud
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies AlternativesSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille UniversitéSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies AlternativesSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- CNRS, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille UniversitéSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marita Hermann
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Michael Hippler,
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Chaux F, Peltier G, Johnson X. A security network in PSI photoprotection: regulation of photosynthetic control, NPQ and O2 photoreduction by cyclic electron flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:875. [PMID: 26528325 PMCID: PMC4606052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI regulates acceptor-side limitations and has multiple functions in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Here we draw on recent and historic literature and concentrate on its role in Photosystem I (PSI) photoprotection, outlining causes and consequences of damage to PSI and CEF's role as an avoidance mechanism. We outline two functions of CEF in PSI photoprotection that are both linked to luminal acidification: firstly, its action on Photosystem II with non-photochemical quenching and photosynthetic control and secondly, its action in poising the stroma to overcome acceptor-side limitation by rebalancing NADPH and ATP ratios for carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chaux
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- UMR Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- *Correspondence: Xenie Johnson,
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Xue H, Bergner SV, Scholz M, Hippler M. Novel insights into the function of LHCSR3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1058462. [PMID: 26237677 PMCID: PMC4854336 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1058462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for photosynthesis but excess light is hazardous as it may lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Photosynthetic organisms struggle to optimize light utilization and photosynthesis while minimizing photo-oxidative damage. Hereby light to heat dissipation via specialized proteins is a potent mechanism to acclimate toward excess light. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the expression of an ancient light-harvesting protein LHCSR3 enables cells to dissipate harmful excess energy. Herein we summarize newest insights into the function of LHCSR3 from C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Xue
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Bergner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Scholz
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology; University of Münster; Münster, Germany
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