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Garty Y, Bussi Y, Levin-Zaidman S, Shimoni E, Kirchhoff H, Charuvi D, Nevo R, Reich Z. Author Correction: Thylakoid membrane stacking controls electron transport mode during the dark-to-light transition by adjusting the distances between PSI and PSII. Nat Plants 2024:10.1038/s41477-024-01712-0. [PMID: 38698205 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Garty
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Bussi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Garty Y, Bussi Y, Levin-Zaidman S, Shimoni E, Kirchhoff H, Charuvi D, Nevo R, Reich Z. Thylakoid membrane stacking controls electron transport mode during the dark-to-light transition by adjusting the distances between PSI and PSII. Nat Plants 2024; 10:512-524. [PMID: 38396112 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The balance between linear electron transport (LET) and cyclic electron transport (CET) plays an essential role in plant adaptation and protection against photo-induced damage. This balance is largely maintained by phosphorylation-driven alterations in the PSII-LHCII assembly and thylakoid membrane stacking. During the dark-to-light transition, plants shift this balance from CET, which prevails to prevent overreduction of the electron transport chain and consequent photo-induced damage, towards LET, which enables efficient CO2 assimilation and biomass production. Using freeze-fracture cryo-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of Arabidopsis leaves, we reveal unique membrane regions possessing characteristics of both stacked and unstacked regions of the thylakoid network that form during this transition. A notable consequence of the morphological attributes of these regions, which we refer to as 'stacked thylakoid doublets', is an overall increase in the proximity and connectivity of the two photosystems (PSI and PSII) that drive LET. This, in turn, reduces diffusion distances and barriers for the mobile carriers that transfer electrons between the two PSs, thereby maximizing LET and optimizing the plant's ability to utilize light energy. The mechanics described here for the shift between CET and LET during the dark-to-light transition are probably also used during chromatic adaptation mediated by state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Garty
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yuval Bussi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Gal Y, Sapoznikov A, Lazar S, Shoseyov D, Aftalion M, Gutman H, Evgy Y, Gez R, Nevo R, Falach R. Long-Term Pulmonary Damage in Surviving Antitoxin-Treated Mice following a Lethal Ricin Intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:103. [PMID: 38393180 PMCID: PMC10892648 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ricin, a highly potent plant-derived toxin, is considered a potential bioterrorism weapon due to its pronounced toxicity, high availability, and ease of preparation. Acute damage following pulmonary ricinosis is characterized by local cytokine storm, massive neutrophil infiltration, and edema formation, resulting in respiratory insufficiency and death. A designated equine polyclonal antibody-based (antitoxin) treatment was developed in our laboratory and proved efficacious in alleviating lung injury and increasing survival rates. Although short-term pathogenesis was thoroughly characterized in antitoxin-treated mice, the long-term damage in surviving mice was never determined. In this study, long-term consequences of ricin intoxication were evaluated 30 days post-exposure in mice that survived antitoxin treatment. Significant pulmonary sequelae were demonstrated in surviving antitoxin-treated mice, as reflected by prominent histopathological changes, moderate fibrosis, increased lung hyperpermeability, and decreased lung compliance. The presented data highlight, for the first time to our knowledge, the possibility of long-term damage development in mice that survived lethal-dose pulmonary exposure to ricin due to antitoxin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (A.S.); (M.A.); (Y.E.)
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (A.S.); (M.A.); (Y.E.)
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (S.L.); (H.G.); (R.G.)
| | - David Shoseyov
- Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem P.O. Box 12000, Israel;
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (A.S.); (M.A.); (Y.E.)
| | - Hila Gutman
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (S.L.); (H.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Yentl Evgy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (A.S.); (M.A.); (Y.E.)
| | - Rellie Gez
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (S.L.); (H.G.); (R.G.)
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel 234, Rehovot P.O. Box 26, Israel;
| | - Reut Falach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel; (A.S.); (M.A.); (Y.E.)
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Alber S, Di Matteo P, Zdradzinski MD, Dalla Costa I, Medzihradszky KF, Kawaguchi R, Di Pizio A, Freund P, Panayotis N, Marvaldi L, Doron-Mandel E, Okladnikov N, Rishal I, Nevo R, Coppola G, Lee SJ, Sahoo PK, Burlingame AL, Twiss JL, Fainzilber M. PTBP1 regulates injury responses and sensory pathways in adult peripheral neurons. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi0286. [PMID: 37506203 PMCID: PMC10381954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is thought to be expressed only at embryonic stages in central neurons. Its down-regulation triggers neuronal differentiation in precursor and non-neuronal cells, an approach recently tested for generation of neurons de novo for amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, PTBP1 is replaced by its paralog PTBP2 in mature central neurons. Unexpectedly, we found that both proteins are coexpressed in adult sensory and motor neurons, with PTBP2 restricted mainly to the nucleus, while PTBP1 also shows axonal localization. Levels of axonal PTBP1 increased markedly after peripheral nerve injury, and it associates in axons with mRNAs involved in injury responses and nerve regeneration, including importin β1 (KPNB1) and RHOA. Perturbation of PTBP1 affects local translation in axons, nociceptor neuron regeneration and both thermal and mechanical sensation. Thus, PTBP1 has functional roles in adult axons. Hence, caution is required before considering targeting of PTBP1 for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Alber
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Pierluigi Di Matteo
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matthew D. Zdradzinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Irene Dalla Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Katalin F. Medzihradszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Agostina Di Pizio
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Philip Freund
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nicolas Panayotis
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Letizia Marvaldi
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Turin, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Ella Doron-Mandel
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nataliya Okladnikov
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ida Rishal
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Pabitra K. Sahoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Alma L. Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffery L. Twiss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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5
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Weinstein JY, Martí-Gómez C, Lipsh-Sokolik R, Hoch SY, Liebermann D, Nevo R, Weissman H, Petrovich-Kopitman E, Margulies D, Ivankov D, McCandlish DM, Fleishman SJ. Designed active-site library reveals thousands of functional GFP variants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2890. [PMID: 37210560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in a protein active site can lead to dramatic and useful changes in protein activity. The active site, however, is sensitive to mutations due to a high density of molecular interactions, substantially reducing the likelihood of obtaining functional multipoint mutants. We introduce an atomistic and machine-learning-based approach, called high-throughput Functional Libraries (htFuncLib), that designs a sequence space in which mutations form low-energy combinations that mitigate the risk of incompatible interactions. We apply htFuncLib to the GFP chromophore-binding pocket, and, using fluorescence readout, recover >16,000 unique designs encoding as many as eight active-site mutations. Many designs exhibit substantial and useful diversity in functional thermostability (up to 96 °C), fluorescence lifetime, and quantum yield. By eliminating incompatible active-site mutations, htFuncLib generates a large diversity of functional sequences. We envision that htFuncLib will be used in one-shot optimization of activity in enzymes, binders, and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Martí-Gómez
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Rosalie Lipsh-Sokolik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shlomo Yakir Hoch
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Demian Liebermann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Haim Weissman
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | | | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Dmitry Ivankov
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - David M McCandlish
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Sarel J Fleishman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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6
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Shaashua L, Ben-Shmuel A, Pevsner-Fischer M, Friedman G, Levi-Galibov O, Nandakumar S, Barki D, Nevo R, Brown LE, Zhang W, Stein Y, Lior C, Kim HS, Bojmar L, Jarnagin WR, Lecomte N, Mayer S, Stok R, Bishara H, Hamodi R, Levy-Lahad E, Golan T, Porco JA, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Schultz N, Tuveson DA, Lyden D, Kelsen D, Scherz-Shouval R. BRCA mutational status shapes the stromal microenvironment of pancreatic cancer linking clusterin expression in cancer associated fibroblasts with HSF1 signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6513. [PMID: 36316305 PMCID: PMC9622893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors initiate by mutations in cancer cells, and progress through interactions of the cancer cells with non-malignant cells of the tumor microenvironment. Major players in the tumor microenvironment are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which support tumor malignancy, and comprise up to 90% of the tumor mass in pancreatic cancer. CAFs are transcriptionally rewired by cancer cells. Whether this rewiring is differentially affected by different mutations in cancer cells is largely unknown. Here we address this question by dissecting the stromal landscape of BRCA-mutated and BRCA Wild-type pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We comprehensively analyze pancreatic cancer samples from 42 patients, revealing different CAF subtype compositions in germline BRCA-mutated vs. BRCA Wild-type tumors. In particular, we detect an increase in a subset of immune-regulatory clusterin-positive CAFs in BRCA-mutated tumors. Using cancer organoids and mouse models we show that this process is mediated through activation of heat-shock factor 1, the transcriptional regulator of clusterin. Our findings unravel a dimension of stromal heterogeneity influenced by germline mutations in cancer cells, with direct implications for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Shaashua
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meirav Pevsner-Fischer
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Friedman
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oshrat Levi-Galibov
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Debra Barki
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Wenhan Zhang
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yaniv Stein
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Lior
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Han Sang Kim
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XChildren’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Linda Bojmar
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XChildren’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - William R. Jarnagin
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Shimrit Mayer
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roni Stok
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hend Bishara
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rawand Hamodi
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- grid.415593.f0000 0004 0470 7791The Fuld Family Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center at Tel-Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John A. Porco
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - David A. Tuveson
- grid.225279.90000 0004 0387 3667Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY USA
| | - David Lyden
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XChildren’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - David Kelsen
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XGastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Gutman H, Aftalion M, Melamed S, Politi B, Nevo R, Havusha-Laufer S, Achdout H, Gur D, Israely T, Dachir S, Mamroud E, Sagi I, Vagima Y. Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression Is Associated with SARS-CoV-2-Induced Lung Pathology and Extracellular-Matrix Remodeling in K18-hACE2 Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:1627. [PMID: 35893698 PMCID: PMC9332556 DOI: 10.3390/v14081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection induced lung inflammation characterized by cytokine storm and fulminant immune response of both resident and migrated immune cells, accelerating alveolar damage. In this work we identified members of the matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) family associated with lung extra-cellular matrix (ECM) destruction using K18-hACE2-transgenic mice (K18-hACE2) infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Five days post infection, the lungs exhibited overall alveolar damage of epithelial cells and massive leukocytes infiltration. A substantial pulmonary increase in MMP8, MMP9, and MMP14 in the lungs post SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with degradation of ECM components including collagen, laminin, and proteoglycans. The process of tissue damage and ECM degradation during SARS-CoV-2 lung infection is suggested to be associated with activity of members of the MMPs family, which in turn may be used as a therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Gutman
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel 234, Rehovot P.O. Box 26, Israel;
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel 234, Rehovot P.O. Box 26, Israel;
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Boaz Politi
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel 234, Rehovot P.O. Box 26, Israel;
| | - Sapir Havusha-Laufer
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel 234, Rehovot P.O. Box 26, Israel;
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - David Gur
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Tomer Israely
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Shlomit Dachir
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Emanuelle Mamroud
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzel 234, Rehovot P.O. Box 26, Israel;
| | - Yaron Vagima
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona P.O. Box 19, Israel; (H.G.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (B.P.); (H.A.); (D.G.); (T.I.); (S.D.); (E.M.)
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8
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Ofir-Birin Y, Ben Ami Pilo H, Cruz Camacho A, Rudik A, Rivkin A, Revach OY, Nir N, Block Tamin T, Abou Karam P, Kiper E, Peleg Y, Nevo R, Solomon A, Havkin-Solomon T, Rojas A, Rotkopf R, Porat Z, Avni D, Schwartz E, Zillinger T, Hartmann G, Di Pizio A, Quashie NB, Dikstein R, Gerlic M, Torrecilhas AC, Levy C, Nolte-'t Hoen ENM, Bowie AG, Regev-Rudzki N. Malaria parasites both repress host CXCL10 and use it as a cue for growth acceleration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4851. [PMID: 34381047 PMCID: PMC8357946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens are thought to use host molecular cues to control when to initiate life-cycle transitions, but these signals are mostly unknown, particularly for the parasitic disease malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. The chemokine CXCL10 is present at high levels in fatal cases of cerebral malaria patients, but is reduced in patients who survive and do not have complications. Here we show a Pf 'decision-sensing-system' controlled by CXCL10 concentration. High CXCL10 expression prompts P. falciparum to initiate a survival strategy via growth acceleration. Remarkably, P. falciparum inhibits CXCL10 synthesis in monocytes by disrupting the association of host ribosomes with CXCL10 transcripts. The underlying inhibition cascade involves RNA cargo delivery into monocytes that triggers RIG-I, which leads to HUR1 binding to an AU-rich domain of the CXCL10 3'UTR. These data indicate that when the parasite can no longer keep CXCL10 at low levels, it can exploit the chemokine as a cue to shift tactics and escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Ofir-Birin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hila Ben Ami Pilo
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abel Cruz Camacho
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Rudik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Rivkin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Or-Yam Revach
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Netta Nir
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Block Tamin
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edo Kiper
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Structural Proteomics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aryeh Solomon
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Havkin-Solomon
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alicia Rojas
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror Avni
- The Institute of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases and the Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Schwartz
- The Institute of Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases and the Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Research, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Neils Ben Quashie
- Epidemiology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Centre for Tropical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rivka Dikstein
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther N M Nolte-'t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Friedman G, Levi-Galibov O, David E, Bornstein C, Giladi A, Dadiani M, Mayo A, Halperin C, Pevsner-Fischer M, Lavon H, Mayer S, Nevo R, Stein Y, Balint-Lahat N, Barshack I, Ali HR, Caldas C, Gal-Yam EN, Alon U, Amit I, Scherz-Shouval R. Abstract LB009: Dynamic changes in the compositions of cancer associated-fibroblasts correlate with clinical outcome in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prevalent in carcinomas. CAFs are also heterogeneous and perform various tumor-promoting tasks. Understanding whether distinct CAF-subsets exert specific functions, and how the composition of CAFs changes as tumors evolve could improve the accuracy of cancer treatment. Here, we analyzed thousands of CAFs by single-cell RNA-sequencing and index-sorting at several timepoints along breast tumor progression in mice, revealing distinct CAF-subsets. We discovered that the transcriptional programs of these subsets change over time, shifting from an immune-regulatory program at earlier timepoints to wound-healing and antigen-presenting programs at later timepoints, indicating that the composition and functions of CAFs are dynamic. We also found the two main CAF subsets in human breast tumors, wherein their ratio was associated with disease outcome. This association was particularly correlated with BRCA mutations in triple-negative breast cancer. Our findings indicate that the diverse composition of CAFs in breast cancer changes over time as tumors progress, and that these changes are linked to disease outcome.
Citation Format: Gil Friedman, Oshrat Levi-Galibov, Eyal David, Chamutal Bornstein, Amir Giladi, Maya Dadiani, Avi Mayo, Coral Halperin, Meirav Pevsner-Fischer, Hagar Lavon, Shimrit Mayer, Reinat Nevo, Yaniv Stein, Nora Balint-Lahat, Iris Barshack, H. Raza Ali, Carlos Caldas, Einav Nili Gal-Yam, Uri Alon, Ido Amit, Ruth Scherz-Shouval. Dynamic changes in the compositions of cancer associated-fibroblasts correlate with clinical outcome in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Friedman
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Eyal David
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Amir Giladi
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Dadiani
- 2Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Cancer Research Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avi Mayo
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Hagar Lavon
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Reinat Nevo
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaniv Stein
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Iris Barshack
- 3Pathology Institute, Tel-Hashomer, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - H. Raza Ali
- 4Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- 4Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Einav Nili Gal-Yam
- 5Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Tel-Hashomer, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Galibov OL, Lavon H, Wassermann-Dozorets R, Pevsner-Fischer M, Mayer S, Wershof E, Stein Y, Brown LE, Zhang W, Friedman G, Nevo R, Golani O, Katz LH, Yaeger R, Laish I, Porco JA, Sahai E, Shouval DS, Kelsen D, Scherz-Shouval R. Abstract LB204: HSF1 promotes inflammation induced tumor development through ECM remodeling. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
HSF1 promotes inflammation induced tumor development through ECM remodelingAbstractIn the colon, long-term exposure to chronic inflammation drives colitis associated colon cancer (CAC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Chronic inflammation underlies tumor initiation, promotion, invasion, and metastasis. While the causal and clinical link between chronic inflammation and CAC is well established, we lack a molecular understanding of what is the way in which chronic inflammation leads to develop colon cancer. Within the tumor, cancer cells are surrounded by a variety of non-malignant cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, neutrophils, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and together with the extracellular matrix (ECM) they compose the tumor microenvironment (TME), also termed the stroma. Even the most aggressive cancers depend and interact with their environment mostly through secreted factors. Unlike cancer cells, stromal cells are genomically stable, and do not harbor oncogenic mutations that could drive their co-evolution and functional reprogramming. Rather, stromal reprogramming is thought to be achieved by transcriptional rewiring. Previous work by us and others has shown that the master regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a crucial role in this process, by mediating a transcriptional program in fibroblasts that enables their reprogramming into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to promote malignancy. We hypothesizde that HSF1 plays a crucial role in inflammation-driven cancer by initiation of a transcriptional program that leads to changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). We found that, in cell culture, cancer-induced ECM assembly by fibroblasts requires HSF1. Using an inflammation-driven cancer model in mice, we measured the changes in proteomic and ECM organization over time. We found that HSF1 drives a transcriptional program that leads to ECM remodeling in early stages and results in development of colon cancer. Loss of HSF1 prevents inflammation-induced ECM remodeling. Further to that, in CAC patients, we found high activation of stromal HSF1 and similarity to our HSF1 proteomic ECM signature in human colorectal cancer driven by HSF1. Thus, HSF1-dependent ECM remodeling mediates the transition from chronic inflammation to colon cancer.
Citation Format: Oshrat Levi Galibov, Hagar Lavon, Rina Wassermann-Dozorets, Meirav Pevsner-Fischer, Shimrit Mayer, Esther Wershof, Yaniv Stein, Lauren E. Brown, Wenhan Zhang, Gil Friedman, Reinat Nevo, Ofra Golani, Lior H. Katz, Rona Yaeger, Ido Laish, John A. Porco, Erik Sahai, Dror S Shouval, David Kelsen, Ruth Scherz-Shouval. HSF1 promotes inflammation induced tumor development through ECM remodeling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB204.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hagar Lavon
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaniv Stein
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- 3Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Wenhan Zhang
- 3Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Gil Friedman
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- 1The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior H. Katz
- 4Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rona Yaeger
- 5Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ido Laish
- 6Gastroenterology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - John A. Porco
- 3Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Erik Sahai
- 2The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dror S Shouval
- 7Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Kelsen
- 5Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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11
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Levi-Galibov O, Lavon H, Wassermann-Dozorets R, Pevsner-Fischer M, Mayer S, Wershof E, Stein Y, Brown LE, Zhang W, Friedman G, Nevo R, Golani O, Katz LH, Yaeger R, Laish I, Porco JA, Sahai E, Shouval DS, Kelsen D, Scherz-Shouval R. Heat Shock Factor 1-dependent extracellular matrix remodeling mediates the transition from chronic intestinal inflammation to colon cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6245. [PMID: 33288768 PMCID: PMC7721883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the colon, long-term exposure to chronic inflammation drives colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. While the causal and clinical links are well established, molecular understanding of how chronic inflammation leads to the development of colon cancer is lacking. Here we deconstruct the evolving microenvironment of CAC by measuring proteomic changes and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization over time in a mouse model of CAC. We detect early changes in ECM structure and composition, and report a crucial role for the transcriptional regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in orchestrating these events. Loss of HSF1 abrogates ECM assembly by colon fibroblasts in cell-culture, prevents inflammation-induced ECM remodeling in mice and inhibits progression to CAC. Establishing relevance to human disease, we find high activation of stromal HSF1 in CAC patients, and detect the HSF1-dependent proteomic ECM signature in human colorectal cancer. Thus, HSF1-dependent ECM remodeling plays a crucial role in mediating inflammation-driven colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshrat Levi-Galibov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagar Lavon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Shimrit Mayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yaniv Stein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lauren E Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gil Friedman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior H Katz
- Gastroenterology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ido Laish
- Gastroenterology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dror S Shouval
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Kelsen
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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12
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Martinez S, Kolodny Y, Shemesh E, Scucchia F, Nevo R, Levin-Zaidman S, Paltiel Y, Keren N, Tchernov D, Mass T. Energy Sources of the Depth-Generalist Mixotrophic Coral Stylophora pistillata. Front Mar Sci 2020; 7:988. [PMID: 33409285 PMCID: PMC7116548 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.566663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy sources of corals, ultimately sunlight and plankton availability, change dramatically from shallow to mesophotic (30-150 m) reefs. Depth-generalist corals, those that occupy both of these two distinct ecosystems, are adapted to cope with such extremely diverse conditions. In this study, we investigated the trophic strategy of the depth-generalist hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata and the ability of mesophotic colonies to adapt to shallow reefs. We compared symbiont genera composition, photosynthetic traits and the holobiont trophic position and carbon sources, calculated from amino acids compound-specific stable isotope analysis (AA-CSIA), of shallow, mesophotic and translocated corals. This species harbors different Symbiodiniaceae genera at the two depths: Cladocopium goreaui (dominant in mesophotic colonies) and Symbiodinium microadriaticum (dominant in shallow colonies) with a limited change after transplantation. This allowed us to determine which traits stem from hosting different symbiont species compositions across the depth gradient. Calculation of holobiont trophic position based on amino acid δ15N revealed that heterotrophy represents the same portion of the total energy budget in both depths, in contrast to the dogma that predation is higher in corals growing in low light conditions. Photosynthesis is the major carbon source to corals growing at both depths, but the photosynthetic rate is higher in the shallow reef corals, implicating both higher energy consumption and higher predation rate in the shallow habitat. In the corals transplanted from deep to shallow reef, we observed extensive photo-acclimation by the Symbiodiniaceae cells, including substantial cellular morphological modifications, increased cellular chlorophyll a, lower antennae to photosystems ratios and carbon signature similar to the local shallow colonies. In contrast, non-photochemical quenching remains low and does not increase to cope with the high light regime of the shallow reef. Furthermore, host acclimation is much slower in these deep-to-shallow transplanted corals as evident from the lower trophic position and tissue density compared to the shallow-water corals, even after long-term transplantation (18 months). Our results suggest that while mesophotic reefs could serve as a potential refuge for shallow corals, the transition is complex, as even after a year and a half the acclimation is only partial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Martinez
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine
Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of
Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
| | - Yuval Kolodny
- Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Shemesh
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine
Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Federica Scucchia
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine
Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat,
Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Jerusalem, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander
Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem,
Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine
Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of
Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine
Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of
Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
- Correspondence: Tali Mass,
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13
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Friedman G, Levi-Galibov O, David E, Bornstein C, Giladi A, Dadiani M, Mayo A, Halperin C, Pevsner-Fischer M, Lavon H, Mayer S, Nevo R, Stein Y, Balint-Lahat N, Barshack I, Ali HR, Caldas C, Nili-Gal-Yam E, Alon U, Amit I, Scherz-Shouval R. Cancer-associated fibroblast compositions change with breast cancer progression linking the ratio of S100A4 + and PDPN + CAFs to clinical outcome. Nat Cancer 2020; 1:692-708. [PMID: 35122040 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are supported by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). CAFs are heterogeneous and carry out distinct cancer-associated functions. Understanding the full repertoire of CAFs and their dynamic changes as tumors evolve could improve the precision of cancer treatment. Here we comprehensively analyze CAFs using index and transcriptional single-cell sorting at several time points along breast tumor progression in mice, uncovering distinct subpopulations. Notably, the transcriptional programs of these subpopulations change over time and in metastases, transitioning from an immunoregulatory program to wound-healing and antigen-presentation programs, indicating that CAFs and their functions are dynamic. Two main CAF subpopulations are also found in human breast tumors, where their ratio is associated with disease outcome across subtypes and is particularly correlated with BRCA mutations in triple-negative breast cancer. These findings indicate that the repertoire of CAF changes over time in breast cancer progression, with direct clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Friedman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oshrat Levi-Galibov
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chamutal Bornstein
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Dadiani
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Cancer Research Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avi Mayo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Coral Halperin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Hagar Lavon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimrit Mayer
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaniv Stein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Iris Barshack
- Pathology Institute, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Breast Cancer Programme, Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Ruth Scherz-Shouval
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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14
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Roy D, Levi K, Kiss V, Nevo R, Eisenbach M. Rhodopsin and melanopsin coexist in mammalian sperm cells and activate different signaling pathways for thermotaxis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:112. [PMID: 31924821 PMCID: PMC6954197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, various opsin types, known to be involved in vision, were demonstrated to be present in human and mouse sperm cells and to be involved there in thermosensing for thermotaxis. In vision, each opsin type is restricted to specific cells. The situation in this respect in sperm cells is not known. It is also not known whether or not both signaling pathways, found to function in sperm thermotaxis, are each activated by specific opsins, as in vision. Here we addressed these questions. Choosing rhodopsin and melanopsin as test cases and employing immunocytochemical analysis with antibodies against these opsins, we found that the majority of sperm cells were stained by both antibodies, indicating that most of the cells contained both opsins. By employing mutant mouse sperm cells that do not express melanopsin combined with specific signaling inhibitors, we furthermore demonstrated that rhodopsin and melanopsin each activates a different pathway. Thus, in mammalian sperm thermotaxis, as in vision, rhodopsin and melanopsin each triggers a different signaling pathway but, unlike in vision, both opsin types coexist in the same sperm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarun Roy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kohava Levi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Eisenbach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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15
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Bussi Y, Shimoni E, Weiner A, Kapon R, Charuvi D, Nevo R, Efrati E, Reich Z. Fundamental helical geometry consolidates the plant photosynthetic membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22366-22375. [PMID: 31611387 PMCID: PMC6825288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905994116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant photosynthetic (thylakoid) membranes are organized into complex networks that are differentiated into 2 distinct morphological and functional domains called grana and stroma lamellae. How the 2 domains join to form a continuous lamellar system has been the subject of numerous studies since the mid-1950s. Using different electron tomography techniques, we found that the grana and stroma lamellae are connected by an array of pitch-balanced right- and left-handed helical membrane surfaces of different radii and pitch. Consistent with theoretical predictions, this arrangement is shown to minimize the surface and bending energies of the membranes. Related configurations were proposed to be present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in dense nuclear matter phases theorized to exist in neutron star crusts, where the right- and left-handed helical elements differ only in their handedness. Pitch-balanced helical elements of alternating handedness may thus constitute a fundamental geometry for the efficient packing of connected layers or sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Bussi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Allon Weiner
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Cimi-Paris, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ruti Kapon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Center, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efi Efrati
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel;
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16
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Tamary E, Nevo R, Naveh L, Levin‐Zaidman S, Kiss V, Savidor A, Levin Y, Eyal Y, Reich Z, Adam Z. Chlorophyll catabolism precedes changes in chloroplast structure and proteome during leaf senescence. Plant Direct 2019; 3:e00127. [PMID: 31245770 PMCID: PMC6508775 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The earliest visual changes of leaf senescence occur in the chloroplast as chlorophyll is degraded and photosynthesis declines. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the sequence of catabolic events occurring in chloroplasts during natural leaf senescence is still missing. Here, we combined confocal and electron microscopy together with proteomics and biochemistry to follow structural and molecular changes during Arabidopsis leaf senescence. We observed that initiation of chlorophyll catabolism precedes other breakdown processes. Chloroplast size, stacking of thylakoids, and efficiency of PSII remain stable until late stages of senescence, whereas the number and size of plastoglobules increase. Unlike catabolic enzymes, whose level increase, the level of most proteins decreases during senescence, and chloroplast proteins are overrepresented among these. However, the rate of their disappearance is variable, mostly uncoordinated and independent of their inherent stability during earlier developmental stages. Unexpectedly, degradation of chlorophyll-binding proteins lags behind chlorophyll catabolism. Autophagy and vacuole proteins are retained at relatively high levels, highlighting the role of extra-plastidic degradation processes especially in late stages of senescence. The observation that chlorophyll catabolism precedes all other catabolic events may suggest that this process enables or signals further catabolic processes in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tamary
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Leah Naveh
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
| | - Smadar Levin‐Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Alon Savidor
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yishai Levin
- de Botton Institute for Protein ProfilingThe Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant SciencesThe Volcani Center ARORishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew UniversityRehovotIsrael
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17
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Swid N, Nevo R, Kiss V, Kapon R, Dagan S, Snir O, Adam Z, Falconet D, Reich Z, Charuvi D. Differential impacts of FtsZ proteins on plastid division in the shoot apex of Arabidopsis. Dev Biol 2018; 441:83-94. [PMID: 29920253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
FtsZ proteins of the FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 families play important roles in the initiation and progression of plastid division in plants and green algae. Arabidopsis possesses a single FTSZ1 member and two FTSZ2 members, FTSZ2-1 and FTSZ2-2. The contribution of these to chloroplast division and partitioning has been mostly investigated in leaf mesophyll tissues. Here, we assessed the involvement of the three FtsZs in plastid division at earlier stages of chloroplast differentiation. To this end, we studied the effect of the absence of specific FtsZ proteins on plastids in the vegetative shoot apex, where the proplastid-to-chloroplast transition takes place. We found that the relative contribution of the two major leaf FtsZ isoforms, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2-1, to the division process varies with cell lineage and position within the shoot apex. While FtsZ2-1 dominates division in the L1 and L3 layers of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), in the L2 layer, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2-1 contribute equally toward the process. Depletion of the third isoform, FtsZ2-2, generally resulted in stronger effects in the shoot apex than those observed in mature leaves. The implications of these findings, along with additional observations made in this work, to our understanding of the mechanisms and regulation of plastid proliferation in the shoot apex are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neora Swid
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ruti Kapon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shlomi Dagan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Orli Snir
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, LPCV-BIG, UMR 5168 CNRS-CEA-INRA-Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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Chenu A, Keren N, Paltiel Y, Nevo R, Reich Z, Cao J. Light Adaptation in Phycobilisome Antennas: Influence on the Rod Length and Structural Arrangement. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9196-9202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Chenu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602 Singapore
| | - Nir Keren
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute
of Life Sciences, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Department
of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute
of Life Sciences, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602 Singapore
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Bar Eyal L, Ranjbar Choubeh R, Cohen E, Eisenberg I, Tamburu C, Dorogi M, Ünnep R, Appavou MS, Nevo R, Raviv U, Reich Z, Garab G, van Amerongen H, Paltiel Y, Keren N. Changes in aggregation states of light-harvesting complexes as a mechanism for modulating energy transfer in desert crust cyanobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9481-9486. [PMID: 28808031 PMCID: PMC5584450 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708206114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we propose an energy dissipation mechanism that is completely reliant on changes in the aggregation state of the phycobilisome light-harvesting antenna components. All photosynthetic organisms regulate the efficiency of excitation energy transfer (EET) to fit light energy supply to biochemical demands. Not many do this to the extent required of desert crust cyanobacteria. Following predawn dew deposition, they harvest light energy with maximum efficiency until desiccating in the early morning hours. In the desiccated state, absorbed energy is completely quenched. Time and spectrally resolved fluorescence emission measurements of the desiccated desert crust Leptolyngbya ohadii strain identified (i) reduced EET between phycobilisome components, (ii) shorter fluorescence lifetimes, and (iii) red shift in the emission spectra, compared with the hydrated state. These changes coincide with a loss of the ordered phycobilisome structure, evident from small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy data. Based on these observations we propose a model where in the hydrated state the organized rod structure of the phycobilisome supports directional EET to reaction centers with minimal losses due to thermal dissipation. In the desiccated state this structure is lost, giving way to more random aggregates. The resulting EET path will exhibit increased coupling to the environment and enhanced quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeat Bar Eyal
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Reza Ranjbar Choubeh
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eyal Cohen
- Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ido Eisenberg
- Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Carmen Tamburu
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Márta Dorogi
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Renata Ünnep
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600, Israel
| | - Uri Raviv
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7600, Israel
| | - Győző Garab
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied Physics Department, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
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Chuartzman SG, Nevo R, Waichman S, Shental D, Piehler J, Levy Y, Reich Z, Kapon R. Binding of interferon reduces the force of unfolding for interferon receptor 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175413. [PMID: 28403186 PMCID: PMC5389645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential signaling of the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) has been correlated with the ability of its subunit, IFNAR1, to differentially recognize a large spectrum of different ligands, which involves intricate conformational re-arrangements of multiple interacting domains. To shed light onto the structural determinants governing ligand recognition, we compared the force-induced unfolding of the IFNAR1 ectodomain when bound to interferon and when free, using the atomic force microscope and steered molecular dynamics simulations. Unexpectedly, we find that IFNAR1 is easier to mechanically unfold when bound to interferon than when free. Analysis of the structures indicated that the origin of the reduction in unfolding forces is a conformational change in IFNAR1 induced by ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G. Chuartzman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Waichman
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Dalit Shental
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yaakov Levy
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (RK); (ZR)
| | - Ruti Kapon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (RK); (ZR)
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21
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Veit S, Takeda K, Tsunoyama Y, Baymann F, Nevo R, Reich Z, Rögner M, Miki K, Rexroth S. Structural and functional characterisation of the cyanobacterial PetC3 Rieske protein family. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2016; 1857:1879-1891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Charuvi D, Nevo R, Kaplan-Ashiri I, Shimoni E, Reich Z. Studying the Supramolecular Organization of Photosynthetic Membranes within Freeze-fractured Leaf Tissues by Cryo-scanning Electron Microscopy. J Vis Exp 2016:54066. [PMID: 27403565 PMCID: PMC4993236 DOI: 10.3791/54066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of freeze-fractured samples allows investigation of biological structures at near native conditions. Here, we describe a technique for studying the supramolecular organization of photosynthetic (thylakoid) membranes within leaf samples. This is achieved by high-pressure freezing of leaf tissues, freeze-fracturing, double-layer coating and finally cryo-SEM imaging. Use of the double-layer coating method allows acquiring high magnification (>100,000X) images with minimal beam damage to the frozen-hydrated samples as well as minimal charging effects. Using the described procedures we investigated the alterations in supramolecular distribution of photosystem and light-harvesting antenna protein complexes that take place during dehydration of the resurrection plant Craterostigma pumilum, in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Charuvi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science; Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center;
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | | | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science
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23
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Pinnola A, Cazzaniga S, Alboresi A, Nevo R, Levin-Zaidman S, Reich Z, Bassi R. Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related Proteins Catalyze Excess Energy Dissipation in Both Photosystems of Physcomitrella patens. Plant Cell 2015; 27:3213-27. [PMID: 26508763 PMCID: PMC4682295 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two LHC-like proteins, Photosystem II Subunit S (PSBS) and Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR), are essential for triggering excess energy dissipation in chloroplasts of vascular plants and green algae, respectively. The mechanism of quenching was studied in Physcomitrella patens, an early divergent streptophyta (including green algae and land plants) in which both proteins are active. PSBS was localized in grana together with photosystem II (PSII), but LHCSR was located mainly in stroma-exposed membranes together with photosystem I (PSI), and its distribution did not change upon high-light treatment. The quenched conformation can be preserved by rapidly freezing the high-light-treated tissues in liquid nitrogen. When using green fluorescent protein as an internal standard, 77K fluorescence emission spectra on isolated chloroplasts allowed for independent assessment of PSI and PSII fluorescence yield. Results showed that both photosystems underwent quenching upon high-light treatment in the wild type in contrast to mutants depleted of LHCSR, which lacked PSI quenching. Due to the contribution of LHCII, P. patens had a PSI antenna size twice as large with respect to higher plants. Thus, LHCII, which is highly abundant in stroma membranes, appears to be the target of quenching by LHCSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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24
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Charuvi D, Nevo R, Shimoni E, Naveh L, Zia A, Adam Z, Farrant JM, Kirchhoff H, Reich Z. Photoprotection conferred by changes in photosynthetic protein levels and organization during dehydration of a homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant. Plant Physiol 2015; 167:1554-65. [PMID: 25713340 PMCID: PMC4378169 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During desiccation, homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants retain most of their photosynthetic apparatus, allowing them to resume photosynthetic activity quickly upon water availability. These plants rely on various mechanisms to prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species and/or protect their tissues from the damage they inflict. In this work, we addressed the issue of how homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants deal with the problem of excessive excitation/electron pressures during dehydration using Craterostigma pumilum as a model plant. To investigate the alterations in the supramolecular organization of photosynthetic protein complexes, we examined cryoimmobilized, freeze-fractured leaf tissues using (cryo)scanning electron microscopy. These examinations revealed rearrangements of photosystem II (PSII) complexes, including a lowered density during moderate dehydration, consistent with a lower level of PSII proteins, as shown by biochemical analyses. The latter also showed a considerable decrease in the level of cytochrome f early during dehydration, suggesting that initial regulation of the inhibition of electron transport is achieved via the cytochrome b6f complex. Upon further dehydration, PSII complexes are observed to arrange into rows and semicrystalline arrays, which correlates with the significant accumulation of sucrose and the appearance of inverted hexagonal lipid phases within the membranes. As opposed to PSII and cytochrome f, the light-harvesting antenna complexes of PSII remain stable throughout the course of dehydration. Altogether, these results, along with photosynthetic activity measurements, suggest that the protection of retained photosynthetic components is achieved, at least in part, via the structural rearrangements of PSII and (likely) light-harvesting antenna complexes into a photochemically quenched state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Charuvi
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Leah Naveh
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Ahmad Zia
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Zach Adam
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry (D.C., R.N., Z.R.) and Electron Microscopy Unit (E.S.), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel (L.N., Z.A.);Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6340 (A.Z., H.K.); andDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa (J.M.F.)
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Tsabari O, Nevo R, Meir S, Carrillo LR, Kramer DM, Reich Z. Differential effects of ambient or diminished CO2 and O2 levels on thylakoid membrane structure in light-stressed plants. Plant J 2015; 81:884-894. [PMID: 25619921 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain may severely damage the photosynthetic apparatus as well as other constituents of the chloroplast and the cell. Here, we exposed Arabidopsis leaves to saturating light either under normal atmospheric conditions or under CO2--and O2 -limiting conditions, which greatly increase excitation and electron pressures by draining terminal electron acceptors. The two treatments were found to have very different, often opposing, effects on the structure of the thylakoid membranes, including the width of the granal lumenal compartment. Modulation of the latter is proposed to be related to movements of ions across the thylakoid membrane, which alter the relative osmolarity of the lumen and stroma and affect the partitioning of the proton motive force into its electrical and osmotic components. The resulting changes in thylakoid organization and lumenal width should facilitate the repair of photodamaged photosystem II complexes in response to light stress under ambient conditions, but are expected to inhibit the repair cycle when the light stress occurs concurrently with CO2 and O2 depletion. Under the latter conditions, the changes in thylakoid structure are predicted to complement other processes that restrict the flow of electrons into the high-potential chain, thus moderating the production of deleterious reactive oxygen species at photosystem I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onie Tsabari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Scheuring S, Nevo R, Liu LN, Mangenot S, Charuvi D, Boudier T, Prima V, Hubert P, Sturgis JN, Reich Z. The architecture of Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1837:1263-70. [PMID: 24685429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chromatophores of Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides represent a minimal bio-energetic system, which efficiently converts light energy into usable chemical energy. Despite extensive studies, several issues pertaining to the morphology and molecular architecture of this elemental energy conversion system remain controversial or unknown. To tackle these issues, we combined electron microscope tomography, immuno-electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We found that the intracellular Rb. sphaeroides chromatophores form a continuous reticulum rather than existing as discrete vesicles. We also found that the cytochrome bc1 complex localizes to fragile chromatophore regions, which most likely constitute the tubular structures that interconnect the vesicles in the reticulum. In contrast, the peripheral light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) is preferentially hexagonally packed within the convex vesicular regions of the membrane network. Based on these observations, we propose that the bc1 complexes are in the inter-vesicular regions and surrounded by reaction center (RC) core complexes, which in turn are bounded by arrays of peripheral antenna complexes. This arrangement affords rapid cycling of electrons between the core and bc1 complexes while maintaining efficient excitation energy transfer from LH2 domains to the RCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France.
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille F-13009, France
| | | | - Dana Charuvi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Boudier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Valerie Prima
- LISM CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Hubert
- LISM CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - James N Sturgis
- LISM CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract
The process of oxygenic photosynthesis enabled and still sustains aerobic life on Earth. The most elaborate form of the apparatus that carries out the primary steps of this vital process is the one present in higher plants. Here, we review the overall composition and supramolecular organization of this apparatus, as well as the complex architecture of the lamellar system within which it is harbored. Along the way, we refer to the genetic, biochemical, spectroscopic and, in particular, microscopic studies that have been employed to elucidate the structure and working of this remarkable molecular energy conversion device. As an example of the highly dynamic nature of the apparatus, we discuss the molecular and structural events that enable it to maintain high photosynthetic yields under fluctuating light conditions. We conclude the review with a summary of the hypotheses made over the years about the driving forces that underlie the partition of the lamellar system of higher plants and certain green algae into appressed and non-appressed membrane domains and the segregation of the photosynthetic protein complexes within these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Charuvi D, Kiss V, Nevo R, Shimoni E, Adam Z, Reich Z. Gain and loss of photosynthetic membranes during plastid differentiation in the shoot apex of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2012; 24:1143-57. [PMID: 22438022 PMCID: PMC3336127 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.094458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts of higher plants develop from proplastids, which are undifferentiated plastids that lack photosynthetic (thylakoid) membranes. In flowering plants, the proplastid-chloroplast transition takes place at the shoot apex, which consists of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the flanking leaf primordia. It has been believed that the SAM contains only proplastids and that these become chloroplasts only in the primordial leaves. Here, we show that plastids of the SAM are neither homogeneous nor necessarily null. Rather, their developmental state varies with the specific region and/or layer of the SAM in which they are found. Plastids throughout the L1 and L3 layers of the SAM possess fairly developed thylakoid networks. However, many of these plastids eventually lose their thylakoids during leaf maturation. By contrast, plastids at the central, stem cell-harboring region of the L2 layer of the SAM lack thylakoid membranes; these appear only at the periphery, near the leaf primordia. Thus, plastids in the SAM undergo distinct differentiation processes that, depending on their lineage and position, lead to either development or loss of thylakoid membranes. These processes continue along the course of leaf maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Charuvi
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zach Adam
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Address correspondence to
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Golomb L, Bublik DR, Wilder S, Nevo R, Kiss V, Grabusic K, Oren M. Importin 7 and exportin 1 link c-Myc and p53 to regulation of ribosomal biogenesis. Mol Cell 2012; 45:222-32. [PMID: 22284678 PMCID: PMC3270374 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the β-karyopherin family mediate nuclear import of ribosomal proteins and export of ribosomal subunits, both required for ribosome biogenesis. We report that transcription of the β-karyopherin genes importin 7 (IPO7) and exportin 1 (XPO1), and several additional nuclear import receptors, is regulated positively by c-Myc and negatively by p53. Partial IPO7 depletion triggers p53 activation and p53-dependent growth arrest. Activation of p53 by IPO7 knockdown has distinct features of ribosomal biogenesis stress, with increased binding of Mdm2 to ribosomal proteins L5 and L11 (RPL5 and RPL11). Furthermore, p53 activation is dependent on RPL5 and RPL11. Of note, IPO7 and XPO1 are frequently overexpressed in cancer. Altogether, we propose that c-Myc and p53 counter each other in the regulation of elements within the nuclear transport machinery, thereby exerting opposing effects on the rate of ribosome biogenesis. Perturbation of this balance may play a significant role in promoting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Golomb
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Debora Rosa Bublik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sylvia Wilder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vladimir Kiss
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Kristina Grabusic
- Department of Molecular medicine and Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, School of Medicine, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Tamary E, Kiss V, Nevo R, Adam Z, Bernát G, Rexroth S, Rögner M, Reich Z. Structural and functional alterations of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes induced by high-light stress. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1817:319-27. [PMID: 22138629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of cyanobacterial or red algal cells to high light has been proposed to lead to excitonic decoupling of the phycobilisome antennae (PBSs) from the reaction centers. Here we show that excitonic decoupling of PBSs of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is induced by strong light at wavelengths that excite either phycobilin or chlorophyll pigments. We further show that decoupling is generally followed by disassembly of the antenna complexes and/or their detachment from the thylakoid membrane. Based on a previously proposed mechanism, we suggest that local heat transients generated in the PBSs by non-radiative energy dissipation lead to alterations in thermo-labile elements, likely in certain rod and core linker polypeptides. These alterations disrupt the transfer of excitation energy within and from the PBSs and destabilize the antenna complexes and/or promote their dissociation from the reaction centers and from the thylakoid membranes. Possible implications of the aforementioned alterations to adaptation of cyanobacteria to light and other environmental stresses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Tamary
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Kapon R, Naim B, Zbaida D, Nevo R, Tsabari O, Reich Z. Permeating the nuclear pore complex. Nucleus 2010; 1:475-80. [PMID: 21327089 PMCID: PMC3027049 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.1.6.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive and multifaceted traffic between nucleus and cytoplasm is handled by a single type of macromolecular assembly called the nuclear pore complex (NPC). While being readily accessible to ions and metabolites, the NPC imposes stringent selectivity on the passage of proteins and RNA, tightly regulating their traffic between the two major cellular compartments. Here we discuss how shuttling carriers, which mediate the transport of macromolecules through NPCs, cross its permeability barrier. We also discuss the co-existence of receptor-mediated macromolecular transport with the passive diffusion of small molecules in the context of the various models suggested for the permeability barrier of the NPC. Finally, we speculate on how nuclear transport receptors negotiate the dependence of their NPC-permeating abilities on hydrophobic interactions with the necessity of avoiding these promiscuous interactions in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruti Kapon
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Bracha Naim
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - David Zbaida
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Onie Tsabari
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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Arad-Haase G, Chuartzman SG, Dagan S, Nevo R, Kouza M, Mai BK, Nguyen HT, Li MS, Reich Z. Mechanical unfolding of acylphosphatase studied by single-molecule force spectroscopy and MD simulations. Biophys J 2010; 99:238-47. [PMID: 20655852 PMCID: PMC2895382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule manipulation methods provide a powerful means to study protein transitions. Here we combined single-molecule force spectroscopy and steered molecular-dynamics simulations to study the mechanical properties and unfolding behavior of the small enzyme acylphosphatase (AcP). We find that mechanical unfolding of AcP occurs at relatively low forces in an all-or-none fashion and is decelerated in the presence of a ligand, as observed in solution measurements. The prominent energy barrier for the transition is separated from the native state by a distance that is unusually long for alpha/beta proteins. Unfolding is initiated at the C-terminal strand (beta(T)) that lies at one edge of the beta-sheet of AcP, followed by unraveling of the strand located at the other. The central strand of the sheet and the two helices in the protein unfold last. Ligand binding counteracts unfolding by stabilizing contacts between an arginine residue (Arg-23) and the catalytic loop, as well as with beta(T) of AcP, which renders the force-bearing units of the protein resistant to force. This stabilizing effect may also account for the decelerated unfolding of ligand-bound AcP in the absence of force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Arad-Haase
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvia G. Chuartzman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomi Dagan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maksim Kouza
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Saigon Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Tien Nguyen
- Saigon Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Rangl M, Nevo R, Liashkovich I, Shahin V, Reich Z, Ebner A, Hinterdorfer P. Inside Cover: Stable, Non-Destructive Immobilization of Native Nuclear Membranes to Micro-Structured PDMS for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy (ChemPhysChem 9-10/2009). Chemphyschem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200990035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rangl M, Nevo R, Liashkovich I, Shahin V, Reich Z, Ebner A, Hinterdorfer P. Stable, non-destructive immobilization of native nuclear membranes to micro-structured PDMS for single-molecule force spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1553-8. [PMID: 19507204 PMCID: PMC3013320 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double-membraned nuclear envelope (NE). Exchange of molecules between the two compartments is mediated by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) that are embedded in the NE membranes. The translocation of molecules such as proteins and RNAs through the nuclear membrane is executed by transport shuttling factors (karyopherines). They thereby dock to particular binding sites located all over the NPC, the so-called phenylalanine-glycin nucleoporines (FG Nups). Molecular recognition force spectroscopy (MRFS) allows investigations of the binding at the single-molecule level. Therefore the AFM tip carries a ligand for example, a particular karyopherin whereas the nuclear membrane with its receptors is mounted on a surface. Hence, one of the first requirements to study the nucleocytoplasmatic transport mechanism using MRFS is the development of an optimized membrane preparation that preserves structure and function of the NPCs. In this study we present a stable non-destructive preparation method of Xenopus laevis nuclear envelopes. We use micro-structured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that provides an ideal platform for immobilization and biological integrity due to its elastic, chemical and mechanical properties. It is a solid basis for studying molecular recognition, transport interactions, and translocation processes through the NPC. As a first recognition system we investigate the interaction between an important transport shuttling factor, importin beta, and its binding sites on the NPC, the FG-domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rangl
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 (Israel)
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Department of Physiology, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-str. 27b, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Victor Shahin
- Department of Physiology, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-str. 27b, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100 (Israel)
| | - Andreas Ebner
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute for Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
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Nevo R, Chuartzman SG, Tsabari O, Reich Z, Charuvi D, Shimoni E. Architecture of Thylakoid Membrane Networks. Lipids in Photosynthesis 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brumfeld V, Charuvi D, Nevo R, Chuartzman S, Tsabari O, Ohad I, Shimoni E, Reich Z. A note on three-dimensional models of higher-plant thylakoid networks. Plant Cell 2008; 20:2546-9; author reply 2549-51. [PMID: 18952775 PMCID: PMC2590742 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.062299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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Chuartzman SG, Nevo R, Shimoni E, Charuvi D, Kiss V, Ohad I, Brumfeld V, Reich Z. Thylakoid membrane remodeling during state transitions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2008; 20:1029-39. [PMID: 18398051 PMCID: PMC2390732 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.055830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptability of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms to fluctuations in light spectral composition and intensity is conferred by state transitions, short-term regulatory processes that enable the photosynthetic apparatus to rapidly adjust to variations in light quality. In green algae and higher plants, these processes are accompanied by reversible structural rearrangements in the thylakoid membranes. We studied these structural changes in the thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts using atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and confocal imaging. Based on our results and on the recently determined three-dimensional structure of higher-plant thylakoids trapped in one of the two major light-adapted states, we propose a model for the transitions in membrane architecture. The model suggests that reorganization of the membranes involves fission and fusion events that occur at the interface between the appressed (granal) and nonappressed (stroma lamellar) domains of the thylakoid membranes. Vertical and lateral displacements of the grana layers presumably follow these localized events, eventually leading to macroscopic rearrangements of the entire membrane network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia G Chuartzman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizman Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Nevo R, Charuvi D, Shimoni E, Schwarz R, Kaplan A, Ohad I, Reich Z. Thylakoid membrane perforations and connectivity enable intracellular traffic in cyanobacteria. EMBO J 2007; 26:1467-73. [PMID: 17304210 PMCID: PMC1817639 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, the progenitors of plant and algal chloroplasts, enabled aerobic life on earth by introducing oxygenic photosynthesis. In most cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic membranes are arranged in multiple, seemingly disconnected, concentric shells. In such an arrangement, it is unclear how intracellular trafficking proceeds and how different layers of the photosynthetic membranes communicate with each other to maintain photosynthetic homeostasis. Using electron microscope tomography, we show that the photosynthetic membranes of two distantly related cyanobacterial species contain multiple perforations. These perforations, which are filled with particles of different sizes including ribosomes, glycogen granules and lipid bodies, allow for traffic throughout the cell. In addition, different layers of the photosynthetic membranes are joined together by internal bridges formed by branching and fusion of the membranes. The result is a highly connected network, similar to that of higher-plant chloroplasts, allowing water-soluble and lipid-soluble molecules to diffuse through the entire membrane network. Notably, we observed intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles, which were frequently fused to the photosynthetic membranes and may play a role in transport to these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Charuvi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- The Robert H Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Shimoni
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rakefet Schwarz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- The Institute of Life Sciences and Avron-Even-Ari Minerva Center for Photosynthesis Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Itzhak Ohad
- The Institute of Life Sciences and Avron-Even-Ari Minerva Center for Photosynthesis Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes provide the sole gateway for the exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm of interphase eukaryotic cells. They support two modes of transport: passive diffusion of ions, metabolites, and intermediate-sized macromolecules and facilitated, receptor-mediated translocation of proteins, RNA, and ribonucleoprotein complexes. It is generally assumed that both modes of transport occur through a single diffusion channel located within the central pore of the nuclear pore complex. To test this hypothesis, we studied the mutual effects between transporting molecules utilizing either the same or different modes of translocation. We find that the two modes of transport do not interfere with each other, but molecules utilizing a particular mode of transport do hinder motion of others utilizing the same pathway. We therefore conclude that the two modes of transport are largely segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bracha Naim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Nevo R, Brumfeld V, Kapon R, Hinterdorfer P, Reich Z. Direct measurement of protein energy landscape roughness. EMBO Rep 2005; 6:482-6. [PMID: 15864299 PMCID: PMC1299309 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy landscape of proteins is thought to have an intricate, corrugated structure. Such roughness should have important consequences on the folding and binding kinetics of proteins, as well as on their equilibrium fluctuations. So far, no direct measurement of protein energy landscape roughness has been made. Here, we combined a recent theory with single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy experiments to extract the overall energy scale of roughness epsilon for a complex consisting of the small GTPase Ran and the nuclear transport receptor importin-beta. The results gave epsilon > 5k(B)T, indicating a bumpy energy surface, which is consistent with the ability of importin-beta to accommodate multiple conformations and to interact with different, structurally distinct ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ruti Kapon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Tel: +972 8 934 2982; Fax: +972 8 934 6010; E-mail:
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Ohad I, Nevo R, Brumfeld V, Reich Z, Tsur T, Yair M, Kaplan A. Inactivation of photosynthetic electron flow during desiccation of desert biological sand crusts and Microcoleus sp.-enriched isolates. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2005; 4:977-82. [PMID: 16307110 DOI: 10.1039/b506300k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous cyanobacteria, the main primary producers in biological sand crusts, survive harsh environmental conditions including diurnal desiccation/rehydration cycles. Here we describe the inactivation of photosystem II during dehydration of native crusts (NC) and Microcoleus sp. isolates grown on nitrocellulose filters (NCF). The morphology of NCF cells, visualized by scanning-transmission and atomic-force microscopy, disclosed long bacterial filaments encapsulated in extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) tubes consisting of parallel fibrils (100-400 nm wide and 50-100 nm high) oriented mostly perpendicular to the tube length. Presence of empty EPS tubes indicated a gliding capability of the cells. Desiccation of NC resulted in a rapid decline of F(o) and complete loss of F(v). These changes were accompanied by a decrease of 77 K PSII fluorescence emission relative to that of PSI, when excited at 430 nm, and a significant decrease of energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PSII. Lowering the turgor pressure through the addition of 1.5 M trehalose to natural crusts, reduced F(v)/F(m) by over 50% and was accompanied by a decrease of 77 K PSI fluorescence induced by chlorophyll excitation. Excitation of phycobilisomes resulted in a downshift of the PSI emission wavelength by 8 nm, indicative of reduced energy transfer from LHCI to the core PSI. Decline of F(v)/F(m) in trehalose-incubated NCF cells did not induce significant changes in 77 K fluorescence emission. These results suggest that alterations in energy transfer from antennae to reaction centers may be part of the survival strategy of Microcoleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Ohad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Nevo R, Brumfeld V, Elbaum M, Hinterdorfer P, Reich Z. Direct discrimination between models of protein activation by single-molecule force measurements. Biophys J 2005; 87:2630-4. [PMID: 15454457 PMCID: PMC1304681 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.041889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitations imposed on the analyses of complex chemical and biological systems by ensemble averaging can be overcome by single-molecule experiments. Here, we used a single-molecule technique to discriminate between two generally accepted mechanisms of a key biological process--the activation of proteins by molecular effectors. The two mechanisms, namely induced-fit and population-shift, are normally difficult to discriminate by ensemble approaches. As a model, we focused on the interaction between the nuclear transport effector, RanBP1, and two related complexes consisting of the nuclear import receptor, importin beta, and the GDP- or GppNHp-bound forms of the small GTPase, Ran. We found that recognition by the effector proceeds through either an induced-fit or a population-shift mechanism, depending on the substrate, and that the two mechanisms can be differentiated by the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Nevo R, Stroh C, Kienberger F, Kaftan D, Brumfeld V, Elbaum M, Reich Z, Hinterdorfer P. A molecular switch between alternative conformational states in the complex of Ran and importin beta1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2003; 10:553-7. [PMID: 12808444 DOI: 10.1038/nsb940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2003] [Accepted: 05/21/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several million macromolecules are exchanged each minute between the nucleus and cytoplasm by receptor-mediated transport. Most of this traffic is controlled by the small GTPase Ran, which regulates assembly and disassembly of the receptor-cargo complexes in the appropriate cellular compartment. Here we applied dynamic force spectroscopy to study the interaction of Ran with the nuclear import receptor importin beta1 (impbeta) at the single-molecule level. We found that the complex alternates between two distinct conformational states of different adhesion strength. The application of an external mechanical force shifts equilibrium toward one of these states by decreasing the height of the interstate activation energy barrier. The other state can be stabilized by a functional Ran mutant that increases this barrier. These results support a model whereby functional control of Ran-impbeta is achieved by a population shift between pre-existing alternative conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinat Nevo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Kaftan D, Brumfeld V, Nevo R, Scherz A, Reich Z. From chloroplasts to photosystems: in situ scanning force microscopy on intact thylakoid membranes. EMBO J 2002; 21:6146-53. [PMID: 12426386 PMCID: PMC137213 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2002] [Revised: 09/17/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Envelope-free chloroplasts were imaged in situ by contact and tapping mode scanning force microscopy at a lateral resolution of 3-5 nm and vertical resolution of approximately 0.3 nm. The images of the intact thylakoids revealed detailed structural features of their surface, including individual protein complexes over stroma, grana margin and grana-end membrane domains. Structural and immunogold-assisted assignment of two of these complexes, photosystem I (PS I) and ATP synthase, allowed direct determination of their surface density, which, for both, was found to be highest in grana margins. Surface rearrangements and pigment- protein complex redistribution associated with salt-induced membrane unstacking were followed on native, hydrated specimens. Unstacking was accompanied by a substantial increase in grana diameter and, eventually, led to their merging with the stroma lamellae. Concomitantly, PS IIalpha effective antenna size decreased by 21% and the mean size of membrane particles increased substantially, consistent with attachment of mobile light-harvesting complex II to PS I. The ability to image intact photosynthetic membranes at molecular resolution, as demonstrated here, opens up new vistas to investigate thylakoid structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kaftan
- Department of Plant Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Centre for Photosynthesis, Laboratory of Applied Photobiology and Bio-Imaging, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Zámek 136, 37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Plant Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Centre for Photosynthesis, Laboratory of Applied Photobiology and Bio-Imaging, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Zámek 136, 37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Reinat Nevo
- Department of Plant Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Centre for Photosynthesis, Laboratory of Applied Photobiology and Bio-Imaging, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Zámek 136, 37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Centre for Photosynthesis, Laboratory of Applied Photobiology and Bio-Imaging, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Zámek 136, 37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Ziv Reich
- Department of Plant Sciences and Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel and Centre for Photosynthesis, Laboratory of Applied Photobiology and Bio-Imaging, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Zámek 136, 37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic Corresponding author e-mail:
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Abstract
Fifteen years after its invention, the scanning force microscope (SFM) is rooted deep in the biological sciences. Here we discuss the use of SFM in biotechnology and biomedical research. The spectrum of applications reviewed includes imaging, force spectroscopy and mapping, as well as sensor applications. It is our hope that this review will be useful for researchers considering the use of SFM in their studies but are uncertain about its scope of capabilities. For the benefit of readers unfamiliar with SFM technology, the fundamentals of SFM imaging and force measurement are also briefly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Reich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Kapon R, Nevo R, Shuhmaher N, Shahar D, Reich Z. From Single Complexes to Single Molecules Using Tapping Mode Scanning Force Microscopy and Capacitance-Based Motion Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-5171(200107)2:2<85::aid-simo85>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nevo R. [The shortage of nurses in Israel goes beyond the bounds of the permissible]. Ahot Beyisrael 1972; 20:14. [PMID: 4487346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nevo R. [Present and future of the nursing profession]. Ahot Beyisrael 1970; 16:6-7. [PMID: 5200724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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