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Li X, Zhang W, Niu D, Liu X. Effects of abiotic stress on chlorophyll metabolism. Plant Sci 2024; 342:112030. [PMID: 38346561 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chlorophyll, an essential pigment in the photosynthetic machinery of plants, plays a pivotal role in the absorption of light energy and its subsequent transfer to reaction centers. Given that the global production of chlorophyll reaches billions of tons annually, a comprehensive understanding of its biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms is important. The metabolic pathways governing chlorophyll biosynthesis and catabolism are complex, encompassing a series of interconnected reactions mediated by a spectrum of enzymes. Environmental fluctuations, particularly abiotic stressors such as drought, extreme temperature variations, and excessive light exposure, can significantly perturb these processes. Such disruptions in chlorophyll metabolism have profound implications for plant growth and development. This review delves into the core aspects of chlorophyll metabolism, encompassing both biosynthetic and degradative pathways. It elucidates key genes and enzymes instrumental in these processes and underscores the impact of abiotic stress on chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, the review aims to deepen the understanding of the interplay between chlorophyll metabolic dynamics and stress responses, thereby shedding light on potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Di Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Tian S, Yang Y, Fang B, Uddin S, Liu X. The CrMYB33 transcription factor positively coordinate the regulation of both carotenoid accumulation and chlorophyll degradation in the peel of citrus fruit. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 209:108540. [PMID: 38518398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Citrus, cultivated extensively across the globe, possesses considerable economic importance and nutritional value. With the degradation of chlorophyll and accumulation of carotenoids, mature citrus fruits develop an orange-yellow peel, enhancing fruit value and consumer preference. MYB transcription factors (TFs) exert a significant role in diverse plant developmental processes and investigating their involvement in fruit coloration is crucial for developing new cultivars. This work aimed to characterize a citrus TF, CrMYB33, whose expression was found to be positively correlated with carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. The interference of CrMYB33 expression in citrus fruit resulted in inhibition of carotenoid accumulation, down-regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes, and a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation. Conversely, overexpression of CrMYB33 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) enhanced chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthesis, resulting in a deeper red coloration of the fruits. Furthermore, the transcription of associated genes was upregulated in CrMYB33-overexpressing tomato fruits. Additional assays reveal that CrMYB33 exhibits direct links and activation of the promoters of lycopene β-cyclase 2 (CrLCYb2), and β-carotene hydroxylases 2 (CrBCH2), both crucial genes in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, it was found to inhibit chlorophyllase (CrCLH), a gene essential in chlorophyll degradation. These findings provide insight into the observed changes in LCYb2, BCH2, and CLH expression in the transgenic lines under investigation. In conclusion, our study revealed that CrMYB33 modulates carotenoid accumulation and chlorophyll degradation in citrus fruits through transcriptionally activating genes involved in metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Saleem Uddin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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3
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Ilyas MZ, Sa KJ, Ali MW, Lee JK. Toxic effects of lead on plants: integrating multi-omics with bioinformatics to develop Pb-tolerant crops. Planta 2023; 259:18. [PMID: 38085368 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements. Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by discovering biological players regulating plant metabolic pathways under stress. Lead (Pb) has been used for a variety of purposes since antiquity despite its toxic nature. After arsenic, lead is the most hazardous heavy metal without any known beneficial role in the biological system. It is a crucial inorganic pollutant that affects plant biochemical and morpho-physiological attributes. Lead toxicity harms plants throughout their life cycle and the extent of damage depends on the concentration and duration of exposure. Higher levels of lead exposure disrupt numerous key metabolic activities of plants including oxygen-evolving complex, organelles integrity, photosystem II connectivity, and electron transport chain. This review summarizes the detrimental effects of lead toxicity on seed germination, crop growth, and yield, oxidative and ultra-structural alterations, as well as nutrient absorption, transport, and assimilation. Further, it discusses the Pb-induced toxic modulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, respiration, metabolic-enzymatic activity, osmolytes accumulation, and antioxidant activity. It is a comprehensive review that reports on omics-based studies along with morpho-physiological and biochemical modifications caused by lead stress. With advances in DNA sequencing technologies, genomics and transcriptomics are gradually becoming popular for studying Pb stress effects in plants. Proteomics and metabolomics are still underrated and there is a scarcity of published data, and this review highlights both their technical and research gaps. Besides, there is also a discussion on how the integration of omics with bioinformatics and the use of the latest biotechnological tools can aid in developing Pb-tolerant crops. The review concludes with core challenges and research directions that need to be addressed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahaib Ilyas
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Sa
- Department of Crop Science, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Center, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ju Kyong Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Bio-Resource Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Jan S, Singh B, Bhardwaj R, Singh R, Alsahli AA, Kaushik P, Ahmad P. The pesticide thiamethoxam induced toxicity in Brassica juncea and its detoxification by Pseudomonas putida through biochemical and molecular modifications. Chemosphere 2023; 342:140111. [PMID: 37696475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are extensively exploited by humans to destroy the pests one such compound thiamethoxam is widely used over crops to offer control over wide-array of sucking insect pests. The present study unravels the detoxification potential of Pseudomonas putida in thiamethoxam exposed B. juncea seedlings. The thiamethoxam application curtailed the fresh weight, dry weight and seedling length by 106.22%, 80.29% and 116.78% while P. putida revived these growth parameters in thiamethoxam exposed B. juncea seedlings by 59.65%, 72.99% and 164.56% respectively. The exogenous supplementation of P. putida resuscitated the photosynthetic efficiency of B. juncea seedlings exposed to thiamethoxam as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were enhanced by 169.42%, 62.90%, 72.89%, 78.53%, 47.36% and 515.15% respectively in contrast to TMX exposed seedlings. Further, P. putida pre-treatment reinvigorated the osmoprotectant content in B. juncea seedlings grown in thiamethoxam as trehalose, glycine betaine and proline contents were thrusted by 21.20%, 58.98% and 34.26% respectively. The thiamethoxam exposure exorbitated the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and MDA levels by 223.03%, 130.18% and 74.63% while P. putida supplementation slackened these oxidative burst levels by 41.75%, 3.79% and 29.09% respectively in thiamethoxam treated seedlings. Notably, P. putida inoculation in thiamethoxam exposed seedlings upregulated the enzymatic antioxidant and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities as SOD, CAT and glutathione were enhanced by 163.76%, 99.29% and 114.91% respectively in contrast to thiamethoxam treated seedlings. The gene expression analysis exhibited the negative impact of thiamethoxam on B. juncea seedlings as conferred by upregulation of chlorophyllase by 443.86 folds whereas P. putida application in thiamethoxam exposed seedlings downregulated the chlorophyllase expression by 248.73 folds and upregulated CXE, GST, NADH and POD genes by 0.44, 4.07, 1.43 and 0.98 folds respectively suggesting the molecular-level thiamethoxam detoxification efficiency of P. putida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Jan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Bhupender Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, 192301, India.
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Ravelombola W, Dong L, Barickman TC, Xiong H, Manley A, Cason J, Pham H, Zia B, Mou B, Shi A. Genetic Architecture of Salt Tolerance in Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) at Seedling Stage Using a Whole Genome Resequencing Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15281. [PMID: 37894961 PMCID: PMC10607819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a diploid legume crop used for human consumption, feed for livestock, and cover crops. Earlier reports have shown that salinity has been a growing threat to cowpea cultivation. The objectives of this study were to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify SNP markers and to investigate candidate genes for salt tolerance in cowpea. A total of 331 cowpea genotypes were evaluated for salt tolerance by supplying a solution of 200 mM NaCl in our previous work. The cowpea panel was genotyped using a whole genome resequencing approach, generating 14,465,516 SNPs. Moreover, 5,884,299 SNPs were used after SNP filtering. GWAS was conducted on a total of 296 cowpea genotypes that have high-quality SNPs. BLINK was used for conducting GWAS. Results showed (1) a strong GWAS peak on an 890-bk region of chromosome 2 for leaf SPAD chlorophyll under salt stress in cowpea and harboring a significant cluster of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) dependent epimerase/dehydratase genes such as Vigun02g128900.1, Vigun02g129000.1, Vigun02g129100.1, Vigun02g129200.1, and Vigun02g129500.1; (2) two GWAS peaks associated with relative tolerance index for chlorophyll were identified on chromosomes 1 and 2. The peak on chromosome 1 was defined by a cluster of 10 significant SNPs mapped on a 5 kb region and was located in the vicinity of Vigun01g086000.1, encoding for a GATA transcription factor. The GWAS peak on chromosome 2 was defined by a cluster of 53 significant SNPs and mapped on a 68 bk region of chromosome 2, and (3) the highest GWAS peak was identified on chromosome 3, and this locus was associated with leaf score injury. This peak was within the structure of a potassium channel gene (Vigun03g144700.1). To the best of our knowledge, this is one the earliest reports on the salt tolerance study of cowpea using whole genome resequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltram Ravelombola
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 11708 Highway 70 South, Vernon, TX 76384, USA;
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, 370 Olsen Blvd., College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lindgi Dong
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Thomas Casey Barickman
- North Mississippi Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Verona, MS 38879, USA
| | - Haizheng Xiong
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Aurora Manley
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 11708 Highway 70 South, Vernon, TX 76384, USA;
| | - John Cason
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1129 North US Highway 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA;
| | - Hanh Pham
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1102 East Drew Street, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA
| | - Bazgha Zia
- United States Vegetable Lab (USVL), 2700 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - Beiquan Mou
- Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), 1636 E. Alisal St., Salinas, CA 93905, USA;
| | - Ainong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Xiong B, Li L, Li Q, Mao H, Wang L, Bie Y, Zeng X, Liao L, Wang X, Deng H, Zhang M, Sun G, Wang Z. Identification of Photosynthesis Characteristics and Chlorophyll Metabolism in Leaves of Citrus Cultivar ( Harumi) with Varying Degrees of Chlorosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098394. [PMID: 37176103 PMCID: PMC10179384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In autumn and spring, citrus leaves with a Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) genetic background (Harumi, Daya, etc.) are prone to abnormal physiological chlorosis. The effects of different degrees of chlorosis (normal, mild, moderate and severe) on photosynthesis and the chlorophyll metabolism of leaves of Citrus cultivar (Harumi) were studied via field experiment. Compared with severe chlorotic leaves, the results showed that chlorosis could break leaf metabolism balance, including reduced chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity and enzyme activity related to chlorophyll synthesis, increased catalase and decreased enzyme activity. In addition, the content of chlorophyll synthesis precursors showed an overall downward trend expected for uroporphyrinogen III. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes for chlorophyll synthesis (HEMA1, HEME2, HEMG1 and CHLH) was down-regulated to some extent and chlorophyll degradation (CAO, CLH, PPH, PAO and SGR) showed the opposite trend with increased chlorosis. Changes in degradation were more significant. In general, the chlorosis of Harumi leaves might be related to the blocked transformation of uroporphyrinogen III (Urogen III) to coproporphyrinogen III (Coprogen III), the weakening of antioxidant enzyme system activity, the weakening of chlorophyll synthesis and the enhancement in degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huiqiong Mao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixinyi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhui Bie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Narai-Kanayama A, Yokosaka SI, Seo Y, Mikami K, Yoshino T, Matsuda H. Evidence of increases of phytol and chlorophyllide by enzymatic dephytylation of chlorophylls in smoothie made from spinach leaves. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37122139 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytol is a diterpene alcohol found abundantly in nature as the phytyl side chain of chlorophylls. Free form of phytol and its metabolites have been attracting attention because they have a potential to improve the lipid and glucose metabolism. On the other hand, phytol is unfavorable for those who suffering from Refsum's disease. However, there is little information on the phytol contents in leafy vegetables rich in chlorophylls. This study indicated that raw spinach leaves contain phytol of 0.4-1.5 mg/100 g fresh weight. Furthermore, crude enzyme extracted from the leaves showed the enzyme activities involved in dephytylation of chlorophyll derivatives and they were high at mild alkaline pH and around 45°C, and lowered at 55°C or above. Under the optimum pH and temperature for such enzymes determined in the model reaction using the crude enzyme, phytol content in the smoothie made from raw spinach leaves increased with an increase of chlorophyllide, another reaction product. Comparison between the increased amounts of phytol and chlorophyllide showed that the enzymatic dephytylation of chlorophylls was critically responsible for the increase of phytol in the smoothie. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Phytol, which is released by the enzymes related to chlorophyll metabolism in plants, has been investigated because of its potential abilities to improve the lipid metabolism and blood glucose level. In contrast to such health benefits, they are known to be toxic for patients suffering from Refsum's disease. This research for the first time reports the phytol content in raw spinach leaves and that phytol can be increased in the smoothie made from spinach leaves by the action of endogenous enzymes on chlorophyll derivatives under a certain condition. These results help control phytol content in the smoothies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Narai-Kanayama
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokosaka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Mikami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Han H, Zhou Y, Liu H, Chen X, Wang Q, Zhuang H, Sun X, Ling Q, Zhang H, Wang B, Wang J, Tang Y, Wang H, Liu H. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Provides Insight into Leaf Color and Photosynthesis Variation of the Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant of Hami Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1623. [PMID: 37111847 PMCID: PMC10143263 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and photosynthesis. We isolated a cucumis melo spontaneous mutant (MT), which showed yellow-green leaf phenotype in the whole growing period and could be inherited stably. We compared its leaves with the wild type (WT) in terms of cytology, physiology, transcriptome and metabolism. The results showed that the thylakoid grana lamellae of MT were loosely arranged and fewer in number than WT. Physiological experiments also showed that MT had less chlorophyll content and more accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than WT. Furthermore, the activity of several key enzymes in C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway was more enhanced in MT than WT. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that differential expression genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in MT were mainly co-enriched in the pathways related to photosystem-antenna proteins, central carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid metabolism. We also analyzed several key proteins in photosynthesis and chloroplast transport by Western blot. In summary, the results may provide a new insight into the understanding of how plants respond to the impaired photosynthesis by regulating chloroplast development and photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Hongmei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
| | - Qihua Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
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9
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Farouk S, AL-Huqail AA, El-Gamal SMA. Potential Role of Biochar and Silicon in Improving Physio-Biochemical and Yield Characteristics of Borage Plants under Different Irrigation Regimes. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1605. [PMID: 37111829 PMCID: PMC10146047 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) and biochar (Bc) are key signaling conditioners that improve plant metabolic processes and promote drought tolerance. However, the specific role of their integrative application under water restrictions on economical plants is not yet well understood. Two field experiments throughout 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 were conducted to examine the physio-biochemical modifications and yield attributes of borage plants mediated by Bc (9.52 tons ha-1) and/or Si (300 mg L-1) under different irrigation regimes (100, 75, and 50% of crop evapotranspiration). Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity; relative water content, water, and osmotic potential; leaf area per plant and yield attributes; and chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chla/chlorophyllidea (Chlida), and Chlb/Chlidb were considerably reduced within the drought condition. On the other hand, oxidative biomarkers, as well as organic and antioxidant solutes, were increased under drought, associated with membrane dysfunction, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activation, and osmotic adjustment (OA) capacity as well as a hyperaccumulation of porphyrin intermediates. Supplementation of Bc and Si lessens the detrimental impacts of drought on several plant metabolic processes associated with increasing leaf area and yield attributes. Their application under normal or drought conditions significantly elicited the accumulation of organic and antioxidant solutes as well as the activation of antioxidant enzymes, followed by lessening the formation of free radical oxygen and mitigating oxidative injuries. Moreover, their application maintained water status and OA capacity. Si and/or Bc treatment reduced protoporphyrin, magnesium-protoporphyrin, and protochlorophyllide while increasing Chla and Chlb assimilation and boosting the ratio of Chla/Chlida and Chlb/Chlidb, resulting in a rise in leaf area per plant and yield components following these modifications. These findings highlight the significance of Si and/or Bc as (a) stress-signaling molecule(s) in regulating defensive systems in drought-affected borage plants by boosting antioxidant aptitude, regulating water status, and accelerating chlorophyll assimilation, thus leading to increasing leaf area and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Farouk
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham M. A. El-Gamal
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
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Ge X, Du J, Zhang L, Qu G, Hu J. PeCLH2 Gene Positively Regulate Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Populus alba × Populus glandulosa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030538. [PMID: 36980811 PMCID: PMC10048402 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt is an important environmental stress factor, which seriously affects the growth, development and distribution of plants. Chlorophyllase plays an important role in stress response. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanism of chlorophyll (Chlase, CLH) genes in plants. We cloned PeCLH2 from Populus euphratica and found that PeCLH2 was differentially expressed in different tissues, especially in the leaves of P. euphratica. To further study the role of PeCLH2 in salt tolerance, PeCLH2 overexpression and RNA interference transgenic lines were established in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa and used for salt stress treatment and physiologic indexes studies. Overexpressing lines significantly improved tolerance to salt treatment and reduced reactive oxygen species production. RNA interference lines showed the opposite. Transcriptome analysis was performed on leaves of control and transgenic lines under normal growth conditions and salt stress to predict genes regulated during salt stress. This provides a basis for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of PeCLH2 in response to salt stress and improving the tolerance of poplar under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiujun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guanzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62888862
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11
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Zoufan P, Zare Bavani MR, Tousi S, Rahnama A. Effect of exogenous melatonin on improvement of chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency of PSII in mallow plants ( Malva parviflora L.) treated with cadmium. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2023; 29:145-157. [PMID: 36733842 PMCID: PMC9886756 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a growth regulator that improves the growth and chlorophyll (chl) content in plants. This study aims to investigate the effect of melatonin pretreatment on chl synthesis and fluorescence parameters in Malva parviflora exposed to cadmium (Cd). The 42-day-old plants were transferred to nutrient solutions containing 50 μM melatonin. After two days, some plants were exposed to 50 μM Cd. Eight days after Cd treatment, some indicators related to chl fluorescence and some biochemical parameters were measured. In this study, melatonin increased chl content and chl a/pheophytin a (pheo a) ratio, chlorophyllide a (chlide a), porphyrin compounds, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in the presence of Cd. However, it decreased chl a/chlide a ratio under these conditions. Whereas Cd treatment resulted in significant reductions in photochemical activity and electron transfer rate in PSII, melatonin improved photochemical efficiency of PSII by reducing the toxic effect of Cd on the activity of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) on the electron donor site and reducing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Based on the results, it appears that melatonin can maintain the chl content of plants exposed to Cd by increasing the precursors of the chl biosynthesis pathway and reducing its degradation rate. These results may, at least in our experimental conditions, partly explain the reason for the improved yield and growth of Cd-exposed plants when pretreated with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parzhak Zoufan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zare Bavani
- Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Saham Tousi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afrasyab Rahnama
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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12
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Lu X, Ma L, Zhang C, Yan H, Bao J, Gong M, Wang W, Li S, Ma S, Chen B. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) responses to salt stress and alkali stress: transcriptional and metabolic profiling. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:528. [PMID: 36376811 PMCID: PMC9661776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization and alkalization are widespread environmental problems that limit grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growth and yield. However, little is known about the response of grapevine to alkali stress. This study investigated the differences in physiological characteristics, chloroplast structure, transcriptome, and metabolome in grapevine plants under salt stress and alkali stress. RESULTS We found that grapevine plants under salt stress and alkali stress showed leaf chlorosis, a decline in photosynthetic capacity, a decrease in chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity, an imbalance of Na+ and K+, and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure. Fv/Fm decreased under salt stress and alkali stress. NPQ increased under salt stress whereas decreased under alkali stress. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by salt stress and alkali stress were involved in different biological processes and have varied molecular functions. The expression of stress genes involved in the ABA and MAPK signaling pathways was markedly altered by salt stress and alkali stress. The genes encoding ion transporter (AKT1, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2, TPC1A, TPC1B) were up-regulated under salt stress and alkali stress. Down-regulation in the expression of numerous genes in the 'Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism', 'Photosynthesis-antenna proteins', and 'Photosynthesis' pathways were observed under alkali stress. Many genes in the 'Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms' pathway in salt stress and alkali stress were down-regulated. Metabolome showed that 431 and 378 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in salt stress and alkali stress, respectively. L-Glutamic acid and 5-Aminolevulinate involved in chlorophyll synthesis decreased under salt stress and alkali stress. The abundance of 19 DAMs under salt stress related to photosynthesis decreased. The abundance of 16 organic acids in salt stress and 22 in alkali stress increased respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that alkali stress had more adverse effects on grapevine leaves, chloroplast structure, ion balance, and photosynthesis than salt stress. Transcriptional and metabolic profiling showed that there were significant differences in the effects of salt stress and alkali stress on the expression of key genes and the abundance of pivotal metabolites in grapevine plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Lei Ma
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - CongCong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - HaoKai Yan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - JinYu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - MeiShuang Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - WenHui Wang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of HorticultureCollege of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - ShaoYing Ma
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - BaiHong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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13
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Ajermoun N, Aghris S, Ettadili F, Alaoui OT, Laghrib F, Farahi A, Lahrich S, Bakasse M, Saqrane S, El Mhammedi MA. Phytotoxic effect of the insecticide imidacloprid in Phaseolus vulgaris L. plant and evaluation of its bioaccumulation and translocation by electrochemical methods. Environ Res 2022; 214:113794. [PMID: 35809636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the toxicological effect of the imidacloprid (IMD) on common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L) when used at high doses and its quantification by electrochemical method. Common bean plants were exposed to increasing concentrations of IMD and the different plant tissues were subjected to various analyses. The IMD detection in different tissues of the bean plant was performed after extraction on the metallic silver electrode using square wave voltammetry. The analytical and calibration parameters (Slope, correlation coefficient, linear range, detection limit and relative standard deviation) were calculated for the different plant tissues. The effect of different doses (5.0 × 10-3 to 5.0 × 10-2 mol L-1) of IMD was evaluated on germination, seedling (vigour, growth) and photosynthetic pigments in the bean plant. The results indicate that germination rate and seed vigour index reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) only in the applied concentrations above the recommended dose. A similar effect of IMD was observed on seedling development in term of roots length, plant length, number of leaves and number of nods. Concerning pigments content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll maximally decreased by 95.26%, 80.44% and 82.15% respectively at high applied dose. The bioaccumulation and translocation behaviour of IMD in bean plant was investigated, revealing that the IMD can be bioaccumulated in roots and can easily be translocated into stems and leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ajermoun
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - S Aghris
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - F Ettadili
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - O Tahiri Alaoui
- Moulay Ismail University, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - F Laghrib
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic, Molecular Materials, and Environment, Faculty of sciences, Fez, Morocco
| | - A Farahi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - S Lahrich
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M Bakasse
- Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Bioorganic Chemistry and Environment, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - S Saqrane
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco
| | - M A El Mhammedi
- Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Laboratory of Materials Science, Mathematics and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty, 25 000 Khouribga, Morocco.
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Liu G, Meng X, Ren Y, Zhang M, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Pang X, Zhang X. Genes, Structural, and Biochemical Characterization of Four Chlorophyllases from Solanum lycopersicum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11716. [PMID: 36233017 PMCID: PMC9570282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have confirmed that chlorophyllase (CLH), a long-found chlorophyll (Chl) dephytylation enzyme for initiating Chl catabolism, has no function in leaf senescence-related Chl breakdown. Yet, CLH is considered to be involved in fruit degreening and responds to external and hormonal stimuli. The purpose of this work was to elucidate in detail the biochemical, structural properties, and gene expression of four CLHs from the Solanum lycopersicum genome so as to understand the roles of Solanum lycopersicum chlorophyllases (SlCLHs). SlCLH1/4 were the predominantly expressed CLH genes during leaf and fruit development/ripening stages, and SlCLH1 in mature green fruit was modulated by light. SlCLH1/2/3/4 contained a highly conserved GHSXG lipase motif and a Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad. We identified Ser159, Asp226, and His258 as the essential catalytic triad by site-directed mutagenesis in recombinant SlCLH1. Kinetic analysis of the recombinant enzymes revealed that SlCLH1 had high hydrolysis activities against Chl a, Chl b, and pheophytin a (Phein a), but preferred Chl a and Chl b over Phein a; SlCLH2/3 only showed very low activity to Chl a and Chl b, while SlCLH4 showed no Chl dephytylation activity. The recombinant SlCLH1/2/3 had different pH stability and temperature optimum. Removal of the predicted N-terminal processing peptide caused a partial loss of activity in recombinant SlCLH1/2 but did not compromise SlCLH3 activity. These different characteristics among SlCLHs imply that they may have different physiological functions in tomato.
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15
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Ye S, Yang J, Huang Y, Liu J, Ma X, Zhao L, Ma C, Tu J, Shen J, Fu T, Wen J. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses reveal candidate genes associated with albino phenotype in Brassica napus. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:994616. [PMID: 36119587 PMCID: PMC9478516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inheritable albino mutants are excellent models for exploring the mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis and development. However, only a few non-lethal albino mutations have been reported to date in Brassica species. Here, we describe a resynthesized Brassica napus mutant, whose leaf, stem, and silique tissues showed an inheritable albino phenotype under field conditions after the bud stage but green phenotype in the greenhouse during the whole growing season, indicating that the albino phenotype depends on environmental conditions. Compared with the green leaves of the field-grown wild-type (GL) and greenhouse-grown mutant (WGL) plants, white leaves of the field-grown mutant (WL) showed significantly lower chlorophyll contents and structural defects in chloroplasts. Genetic analysis revealed that the albino phenotype of WL is recessive and is controlled by multiple genes. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing (BSA-Seq) indicated that the candidate regions responsible for the albino phenotype spanned a total physical distance of approximately 49.68 Mb on chromosomes A03, A07, A08, C03, C04, C06, and C07. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that control chloroplast development in B. napus, we performed transcriptome (RNA-Seq) analysis of GL, WGL, and WL samples. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with leaf color were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis and chlorophyll metabolism. Further analysis indicated that DEGs involved in chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism were likely the main factors responsible for the albino phenotype in B. napus. A total of 59 DEGs were screened in the candidate regions, and four DEGs (BnaC03G0522600NO, BnaC07G0481600NO, BnaC07G0497800NO, and BnaA08G0016300NO) were identified as the most likely candidates responsible for the albino phenotype. Altogether, this study provides clues for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast development in B. napus.
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Wang Z, Li C, Zou D, Ji S, Cheng S, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Li M, Wei B. Chlorine dioxide alleviates the yellowing process of broccoli by regulating chlorophyll degrading enzyme activity and gene expression. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Chenkai Li
- Shenyang Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institution Shenyang City China
| | - Dan Zou
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Shujuan Ji
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Shunchang Cheng
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Meilin Li
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
| | - Baodong Wei
- Post‐harvest Biology and Storage of Fruits and Vegetables laboratory, Department of Food Science College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang City China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Shenyang Agricultural University Ministry of Education China
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Tulkova EG, Savchenko GE, Kabashnikova LF. Degradation of Chlorophyll in the Leaves of Reed Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) under the Action of Volatile Organic Compounds and Benzo(a)pyrene. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s106235902204015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Lin YP, Shen YY, Shiu YB, Charng YY, Grimm B. Chlorophyll dephytylase 1 and chlorophyll synthase: a chlorophyll salvage pathway for the turnover of photosystems I and II. Plant J 2022; 111:979-994. [PMID: 35694901 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is made up of the tetrapyrrole chlorophyllide and phytol, a diterpenoid alcohol. The photosynthetic protein complexes utilize Chl for light harvesting to produce biochemical energy for plant development. However, excess light and adverse environmental conditions facilitate generation of reactive oxygen species, which damage photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) and induce their turnover. During this process, Chl is released, and is thought to be recycled via dephytylation and rephytylation. We previously demonstrated that Chl recycling in Arabidopsis under heat stress is mediated by the enzymes chlorophyll dephytylase 1 (CLD1) and chlorophyll synthase (CHLG) using chlg and cld1 mutants. Here, we show that the mutants with high CLD1/CHLG ratio, by different combinations of chlg-1 (a knock-down mutant) and the hyperactive cld1-1 alleles, develop necrotic leaves when grown under long- and short-day, but not continuous light conditions, owing to the accumulation of chlorophyllide in the dark. Combination of chlg-1 with cld1-4 (a knock-out mutant) leads to reduced chlorophyllide accumulation and necrosis. The operation of CLD1 and CHLG as a Chl salvage pathway was also explored in the context of Chl recycling during the turnover of Chl-binding proteins of the two photosystems. CLD1 was found to interact with CHLG and the light-harvesting complex-like proteins OHP1 and LIL3, implying that auxiliary factors are required for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Pin Lin
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yen Shen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Bin Shiu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yee-Yung Charng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 Building 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Wang S, Wang T, Li Q, Xu C, Tian J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wu T. Phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4 promotes apple fruit peel degreening during light/dark transitions. Plant Cell 2022; 34:1980-2000. [PMID: 35166845 PMCID: PMC9048921 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As apple fruits (Malus domestica) mature, they accumulate anthocyanins concomitantly with losing chlorophyll (Chl); however, the molecular pathways and events that coordinate Chl degradation and fruit coloration have not been elucidated. We showed previously that the transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR17 (MdERF17) modulates Chl degradation in apple fruit peels and that variation in the pattern of MdERF17 serine (Ser) residues is responsible for differences in its transcriptional regulatory activity. Here, we report that MdERF17 interacts with and is phosphorylated by MAP KINASE4 (MdMPK4-14G). Phosphorylation of MdERF17 at residue Thr67 by MdMPK4-14G is necessary for its transcriptional regulatory activity and its regulation of Chl degradation. We also show that MdERF17 mutants with different numbers of Ser repeat insertions exhibit altered phosphorylation profiles, with more repeats increasing its interaction with MdMPK4. MdMPK4-14G can be activated by exposure to darkness and is involved in the dark-induced degreening of fruit peels. We also demonstrate that greater phosphorylation of MdERF17 by MdMPK4-14G is responsible for the regulation of Chl degradation during light/dark transitions. Overall, our findings reveal the mechanism by which MdMPK4 controls fruit peel coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ting Wu
- Author for correspondence: (T.W.), (Z.H.)
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20
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Abstract
The color of virgin olive oils, ranging from intense green to brown-yellow, is one of the main selection factors for consumers and a quality criterion in specific legislations. Such coloration is due to their chlorophyll content and depends on the composition of the olive fruit. Through analytical chemistry (HPLC-hrMSn), biochemistry (enzymatic activity), and molecular biology (qRT-PCR) approaches, we have analyzed the origin of the differences in the chlorophyll content among several varieties of olive fruit throughout their ripening process. The higher chlorophyll biosynthetic capacity in olive fruits is due to the enzyme protochlorophyllide reductase, whereas chlorophyll degradation is accomplished through the stay-green and pheophytinase pathways. For the first time, the implication of chlorophyll dephytylase during the turnover of chlorophylls in fruit is shown to be responsible for the exclusive accumulation of dephytylated chlorophyll in Arbequina fruit. The multiomics results excluded the in vivo participation of chlorophyllase in chlorophyll degradation in olive fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Roca
- . Tel.: +00 34 954.61.15.50. Fax: +00 34 954.61.67.90
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21
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Neshat M, Abbasi A, Hosseinzadeh A, Sarikhani MR, Dadashi Chavan D, Rasoulnia A. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) induce antioxidant tolerance against salinity stress through biochemical and physiological mechanisms. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2022; 28:347-361. [PMID: 35400886 PMCID: PMC8943118 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stress in the world. Also, the irrigated lands have been treated with second salinity. Canola is one of the most important industrial crops for oil production all over the world which is affected by salinity. Salt stress causes imbalanced ion hemostasis (Na+ and K+) and interrupted mineral absorption in canola. Also, salinity stress leads to oxidative stress (production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of ROS is extremely dangerous and lethal for plants. As a consequence, canola production is reduced under salinity stress. So, a suitable approach should be found to deal with salinity stress and prevent the loss of production oilseed. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize on the plant root surface and alleviate the salt stress effect by providing minerals like nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. Also, they alleviate salt stress by phytohormones like auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CK), and abscisic acid (ABA). This study focus on physiological parameters like leaf area (LA), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), chlorophyll fluorescence indexes (Fv/Fm and Fv/F0), relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage index (ELI), photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids), Na+, and K+; and biochemical parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide content (H2O2), total protein content, proline, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities in canola through the inoculation with Enterobacter sp. S16-3 and Pseudomonas sp. C16-2O. This study showed that LA, RL, SL, chlorophyll fluorescence indexes, RWC were significantly increased and ELI was significantly decreased in bacteria inoculated treatments. Also, MDA, H2O2 were decreased, and antioxidant capacity, proline, and antioxidant enzymes were increased due to inoculation with these bacteria. Besides, the amount of K+ as an index of salinity tolerance significantly increased, and leaf Na+ content was significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Neshat
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Abbasi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdulhadi Hosseinzadeh
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sarikhani
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, P.O. Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Dadashi Chavan
- Plant Biotechnology and Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, P.O. Box 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Rasoulnia
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 31587-11167, Karaj, Iran
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22
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Wang C, Ding Y, Wang W, Zhao X, Liu Y, Timko MP, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Insights into Gene Regulation of Jasmonate-Induced Whole-Plant Senescence of Tobacco under Non-Starvation Conditions. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:45-56. [PMID: 34523687 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA)-induced plant senescence has been mainly studied with a dark/starvation-promoted system using detached leaves; yet, the induction of whole-plant senescence by JA remains largely unclear. This work reports the finding of a JA-induced whole-plant senescence of tobacco under light/non-starvation conditions and the investigation of underlying regulations. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment induces the whole-plant senescence of tobacco in a light-intensity-dependent manner, which is suppressed by silencing of NtCOI1 that encodes the receptor protein of JA-Ile (the bioactive derivative of JA). MeJA treatment could induce the senescence-specific cysteine protease gene SAG12 and another cysteine protease gene SAG-L1 to high expression levels in the detached leaf patches under dark conditions but failed to induce their expression in tobacco whole plants under light conditions. Furthermore, MeJA attenuates the RuBisCo activase (RCA) level in the detached leaves but has no effect on this protein in the whole plant under light conditions. A genome-wide transcriptional assay also supports the presence of a differential regulatory pattern of senescence-related genes during MeJA-induced whole-plant senescence under non-starvation conditions and results in the finding of a chlorophylase activity increase in this process. We also observed that the MeJA-induced senescence of tobacco whole plants is reversible, which is accompanied by a structural change of chloroplasts. This work provides novel insights into JA-induced plant senescence under non-starvation conditions and is helpful to dissect the JA-synchronized process of whole-plant senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkai Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yongqiang Ding
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Gilmer Hall, 485 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 11 Fourth Keyuan Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266101, China
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23
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Bhatt U, Sharma S, Kumar D, Soni V. Impact of streetlights on physiology, biochemistry and diversity of urban bryophyte: a case study on moss Semibarbula orientalis. Journal of Urban Ecology 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jue/juac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The use of artificial light at night is a very basic symbol of urbanization and has distorted many ecological, biochemical and physiological phenomena in plants, which have settled for millions of years in the biological system. Continuous illumination of light significantly alters the circadian rhythm of all organisms. The present study was focused to understand the effects of continuous light (CL) on the biochemistry and physiology of moss Semibarbula orientalis. It was observed that H2O2 accumulation and activities of chlorophyllase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes significantly enhanced in plants growing under streetlights. Similarly, plants under CL showed a marked reduction in photosynthetic performance. Specific fluxes (ABS/RC, TR/RC, ET/RC), phenomenological fluxes (ABS/CS, TR/CS, ET/CS), density of photosystem-II, quantum yield of photosynthesis and chlorophyll concentration markedly declined in plants growing under streetlights. Depletion in performance indices (PIcs and PIabs) and primary and secondary photochemistry [PHIO/(1 − PHIO) and PSIO/(1 − PSIO)] were also noticed, which indicated failure of adaptive strategies of photosystem-II, resulting in the loss of biomass of S. orientalis. Biomass decline is also shown by a decrease in coverage, which reduces the bryophyte species richness of the chosen locations. Present studies clearly indicate that artificial light at night drastically affects the moss population. The reduction in the dominating species, S. orientalis, improves species evenness and results in a slow growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Bhatt
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubhangani Sharma
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vineet Soni
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University , Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
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Naeem A, Aslam M, Mühling KH. Lithium: Perspectives of nutritional beneficence, dietary intake, biogeochemistry, and biofortification of vegetables and mushrooms. Sci Total Environ 2021; 798:149249. [PMID: 34329936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although lithium (Li) is not an essential nutrient for humans, low Li intakes are associated with increased suicide and homicide rates, aggressive behaviors, unipolar/bipolar disorders, acute mania, etc. On the other hand, Li is one of the most effective psychopharmacological agents used for the treatment of these psycho-behavioral disorders. The beneficial normothymic effect of Li could be achieved at lower doses, therefore, modern psychiatry has called to consider Li biofortification of foods to improve its dietary intake. The concept of agronomic biofortification of crops with Li is juvenile and there exist a limited number of studies, mainly focused on vegetables or mushrooms. This review, first of its kind, discusses the nutritional beneficence and dietary intake of Li, its biogeochemistry, and opportunities and challenges in the Li biofortification of food crops. Literature showed that dietary intake of Li in many countries of the world is insufficient, compared to the provisional recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 1.0 mg day-1 for a 70 kg adult. Lithium contents of soils are widely variable and the metal has high mobility in soils, making it more prone to leaching, and available for plant uptake. Biofortification studies reveal that plants can accumulate significant quantities of Li in their edible tissues without yield loss and quality associated negative effects. At lower application rates, Li tissue concentration could reach to the level that consuming 100-200 g of Li-biofortified fresh vegetables or mushrooms could support its RDA. It seems impossible to enrich the plants with Li to the levels that allow their application in psychiatric treatments, which requires the dosage of 600-1200 mg day-1. However, there is need to refine the methods of Li biofortification strategies to obtains plant specific concentration of Li in edible parts so that consuming a specific amount could provide the proposed dietary intake requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Naeem
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Karl H Mühling
- Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann Rodewald Strasse 2, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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25
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Hu X, Khan I, Jiao Q, Zada A, Jia T. Chlorophyllase, a Common Plant Hydrolase Enzyme with a Long History, Is Still a Puzzle. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121871. [PMID: 34946820 PMCID: PMC8702186 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyllase (Chlase, CLH) is one of the earliest discovered enzymes present in plants and green algae. It was long considered to be the first enzyme involved in chlorophyll (Chl) degradation, while strong evidence showed that it is not involved in Chl breakdown during leaf senescence. On the other hand, it is possible that CLH is involved in Chl breakdown during fruit ripening. Recently, it was discovered that Arabidopsis CLH1 is located in developing chloroplasts but not in mature chloroplasts, and it plays a role in protecting young leaves from long-term photodamage by catalysing Chl turnover in the photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle. However, there remain other important questions related to CLH. In this article, we briefly reviewed the research progress on CLH and listed the main unanswered questions related to CLH for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Hu
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.)
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Qingsong Jiao
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ahmad Zada
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (I.K.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ting Jia
- International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (Q.J.)
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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26
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Bhatt M, Pandey SS, Tiwari AK, Tiwari BS. Plastid-mediated singlet oxygen in regulated cell death. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:686-694. [PMID: 33768665 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation within a cell is a natural process of specific subcellular components involved in redox reactions. Within a plant cell, chloroplasts are one of the major sources of ROS generation. Plastid-generated ROS molecules include singlet oxygen (1 O2 ), superoxide radical (O2 - ), hydroxyl radical (OH• ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), which are produced mainly during photochemical reactions of photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthetic process. Under normal growth and developmental, generated ROS molecules act as a secondary messenger controlling several metabolic reactions; however, perturbed environmental conditions lead to multi-fold amplification of cellular ROS that eventually kill the target cell. To maintain homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS, the cell has instituted several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machineries to maintain ROS at a physiological level. Among chloroplastic ROS molecules, excess generation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) is highly deleterious to the cell metabolic functions and survival. Interestingly, within cellular antioxidant machinery, enzymes involved in detoxification of 1 O2 are lacking. Recent studies suggest that under optimal concentrations, 1 O2 acts as a signalling molecule and drives the cell to either the acclimation pathway or regulated cell death (RCD). Stress-induced RCD is a survival mechanism for the whole plant, while the involvement of chloroplasts and chloroplast-localized molecules that execute RCD are not well understood. In this review, we advocate for participation of chloroplasts-generated 1 O2 in signalling and RCD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bhatt
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India
| | - S S Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P., India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India
| | - B S Tiwari
- Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India
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27
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Touzout N, Mehallah H, Moralent R, Moulay M, Nemmiche S. Phytotoxic evaluation of neonicotinoid imidacloprid and cadmium alone and in combination on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:1126-1137. [PMID: 34085160 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids and heavy metals pollution exist simultaneously in agro ecosystem. However, little is known about their combined ecotoxicological effects on non-target crop plants. We have selected imidacloprid (IMI) and cadmium (Cd), applied alone and in combination, to evaluate their effect on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of tomato. Results showed that the single application of contaminants (IMI and/or Cd) adversely affected both the growth and chlorophyll pigment, and Cd alone application was more phytotoxic than IMI. However, their combined action aggravated the inhibitory effect and indicate a synergistic effect, but it exerted antagonistic effects on chlorophyll pigment inhibition compared with IMI and Cd alone treatments. Both chemicals increased hydrogen peroxide level and generated lipid peroxidation, and the co-contamination exacerbates oxidative stress by their synergistic effect. Those results implicate that disturbance of cellular redox status is the plausible mechanism for IMI and Cd induced toxicity. In conclusion, the single or combined IMI and Cd cause negative effects on tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Touzout
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
| | - Hafidha Mehallah
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
| | - Radia Moralent
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria
- Stem Cells Research Group, KFMRC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saïd Nemmiche
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, 27000, Algeria.
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28
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Wang L, Wu S, Huang H, Chen F, Ye M, Yin J, Luo Z, Qi Y, Chen M, Chen Y. High oxygen atmospheric packaging treatment regulates the postharvest changes of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) during storage. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3884-3895. [PMID: 34333772 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chinese kale is one of the most popular vegetables in southern China and Asia, but it has a short shelf-life. The effect of high oxygen atmospheric packaging (HOAP) treatment on the respiration rate as well as chlorophyll content and the expression of their metabolism-related genes of the soluble proteins in Chinese kale during storage were assessed. The results showed that Chinese kale subjected to HOAP treatment showed stimulated respiration rate and regulated expression of chlorophyll metabolism-related genes, such as BrChlases, BrPPH (pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase), BrPAO (pheidea oxygenase gene), BrRCCR (red chlorophyll catabolite reductase), and BrSAG12 (senescence-associated gene), compared to the Chinese kale in the control. The activities of chlorophyll enzymes, that is, Chlase and Mg-dechelatase, were also influenced by HOAP treatment during storage. Furthermore, the total content of soluble proteins was stimulated to accumulate, and the intensity of protein bands, detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiling, increased in HOAP-treated samples. Based on the current results, as well as the results of our previous study regarding HOAP treatment of other vegetables, we speculate that HOAP may function by regulating the respiration rate and the accumulation of functional proteins, especially chlorophyll catabolic and antioxidant enzymes, to maintain the freshness of Chinese kale during storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: HOAP treatment could be a potential method for delaying quality changes and extending the shelf-life of Chinese kale after harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Siliang Wu
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feiping Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Ye
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yin
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Qi
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minhui Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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29
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Wang YT, Yang CH, Huang KS, Shaw JF. Chlorophyllides: Preparation, Purification, and Application. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081115. [PMID: 34439782 PMCID: PMC8392590 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyllides can be found in photosynthetic organisms. Generally, chlorophyllides have a-, b-, c-, d-, and f-type derivatives, and all chlorophyllides have a tetrapyrrole structure with a Mg ion at the center and a fifth isocyclic pentanone. Chlorophyllide a can be synthesized from protochlorophyllide a, divinyl chlorophyllide a, or chlorophyll. In addition, chlorophyllide a can be transformed into chlorophyllide b, chlorophyllide d, or chlorophyllide f. Chlorophyllide c can be synthesized from protochlorophyllide a or divinyl protochlorophyllide a. Chlorophyllides have been extensively used in food, medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, chlorophyllides exhibit many biological activities, such as anti-growth, antimicrobial, antiviral, antipathogenic, and antiproliferative activity. The photosensitivity of chlorophyllides that is applied in mercury electrodes and sensors were discussed. This article is the first detailed review dedicated specifically to chlorophyllides. Thus, this review aims to describe the definition of chlorophyllides, biosynthetic routes of chlorophyllides, purification of chlorophyllides, and applications of chlorophyllides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Pharmacy Department of E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 106214, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-S.H.); (J.-F.S.); Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7063) (K.-S.H.); +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7310) (J.-F.S.); Fax: +886-7-6151959 (J.-F.S.)
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.-S.H.); (J.-F.S.); Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7063) (K.-S.H.); +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7310) (J.-F.S.); Fax: +886-7-6151959 (J.-F.S.)
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30
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Tian YN, Zhong RH, Wei JB, Luo HH, Eyal Y, Jin HL, Wu LJ, Liang KY, Li YM, Chen SZ, Zhang ZQ, Pang XQ. Arabidopsis CHLOROPHYLLASE 1 protects young leaves from long-term photodamage by facilitating FtsH-mediated D1 degradation in photosystem II repair. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1149-1167. [PMID: 33857689 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic degradation of the photodamaged D1 core subunit during the photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle is well understood, but chlorophyll turnover during D1 degradation remains unclear. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana CHLOROPHYLLASE 1 (CLH1) plays important roles in the PSII repair process. The abundance of CLH1 and CLH2 peaks in young leaves and is induced by high-light exposure. Seedlings of clh1 single and clh1-1/2-2 double mutants display increased photoinhibition after long-term high-light exposure, whereas seedlings overexpressing CLH1 have enhanced light tolerance compared with the wild type. CLH1 is localized in the developing chloroplasts of young leaves and associates with the PSII-dismantling complexes RCC1 and RC47, with a preference for the latter upon exposure to high light. Furthermore, degradation of damaged D1 protein is retarded in young clh1-1/2-2 leaves after 18-h high-light exposure but is rescued by the addition of recombinant CLH1 in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of CLH1 in a variegated mutant (var2-2) that lacks thylakoid protease FtsH2, with which CLH1 interacts, suppresses the variegation and restores D1 degradation. A var2-2 clh1-1/2-2 triple mutant shows more severe variegation and seedling death. Taken together, these results establish CLH1 as a long-sought chlorophyll dephytylation enzyme that is involved in PSII repair and functions in long-term adaptation of young leaves to high-light exposure by facilitating FtsH-mediated D1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Hao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yoram Eyal
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Hong-Lei Jin
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - La-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Man Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Qun Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Z, He Y, Li L, Zhang X, Xu X, Shi Y, Wu JL. Characterization of a novel allele encoding pheophorbide a oxygenase in rice. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1864606. [PMID: 33369525 PMCID: PMC7889113 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1864606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We identified a rapid cell death 2 (rcd2) mutant from an indica cultivar Zhongjian100 mutant bank. The red-brown lesions appeared firstly on young seedling leaves, then gradually merged and the leaves completely withered at the late tillering stage. rcd2 displayed apparent cell death at/around the lesions, accumulation of superoxide anion (O2-) and disturbed ROS scavenging system, impaired photosynthetic capacity with significantly reduced chlorophyll content. The lesion formation was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene and induced by natural light as well as mechanical wounding. A single base mutation (A1726T) at the 6th exon of OsMH_03G0040800 resulted in I576F substitution in the encoding protein, pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO). Functional complementation could rescue the mutant phenotype and PAO-knockout lines exhibited the similar phenotype to rcd2. The activity of PAO decreased significantly while the content of PAO substrate, pheophorbide a, increased apparently in rcd2. The expression of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation-related genes and the contents of metabolic intermediates were largely changed. Furthermore, the level of chlorophyllide a, the product of chlorophyllase, increased significantly, indicating chlorophyllase might play a role in chlorophyll degradation in rice. Our results suggested that the I576F substitution disrupted PAO function, leading to O2- accumulation and chlorophyll degradation breakdown in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Nguyen TT, Uthairatanakij A, Srilaong V, Laohakunjit N, Kato M, Jitareerat P. Impact of electron beam irradiation on the chlorophyll degradation and antioxidant capacity of mango fruit. Appl Biol Chem 2021; 64:19. [PMID: 33553856 PMCID: PMC7854327 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-021-00592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At the present, the mechanism of chlorophyll degradation in response to ionizing irradiation in harvested fruits have not been examined. To understand the effect of electron beam (E-beam) irradiation on the chlorophyll degrading pathway in relation to chlorophyll degrading enzymes activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacities of harvested mangoes stored at 13 °C for 16 days were studied. E-beam-treated fruit significantly suppressed the activities of chlorophyll degrading enzymes especially pheophytinase (PPH) and chlorophyll degrading peroxidase (Chl-POX) in the late stage of storage. This resulted in the chlorophyll content being maintained. However, E-beam irradiation did not affect the activities of chlorophyllase (Chlase) and magnesium de-chelatase (MD). The respiration rate, ethylene production, ROS accumulation (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and superoxide radical [O-. 2]) immediately increased after E-beam treatment, following which they significantly decreased in comparison to the control. E-beam treatment enhanced the fruit's antioxidant capacity by activating the activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione (GSH) content, and inactivated the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Further, it did not affect the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), vitamin C content, or total phenolic content. These results imply that E-beam treatment has the potential to delay chlorophyll degradation by suppressing the Chl-POX and PPH activities as well as reduce ROS production via CAT, APX, and SOD activities and GSH content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Trung Nguyen
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
| | - Apiradee Uthairatanakij
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Varit Srilaong
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Natta Laohakunjit
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
| | - Masaya Kato
- Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Pongphen Jitareerat
- Division of Postharvest Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140 Thailand
- Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission of Higher Education, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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Gu S, Dai X, Xu Z, Niu Q, Jiang J, Liu Y. Molecular, structural and biochemical characterization of a novel recombinant chlorophyllase from cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acuminata PCC 6304. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:14. [PMID: 33430874 PMCID: PMC7802212 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Chlorophyllase catalyzes the hydrolysis of chlorophyll and produces chlorophyllide and phytol. Cyanobacterial chlorophyllases are likely to be more highly heterologously expressed than plant chlorophyllases. A novel recombinant chlorophyllase from the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acuminata PCC 6304 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Results The putative N-terminal 28-amino-acid signal peptide sequence of O. acuminata chlorophyllase (OaCLH) is essential for its activity, but may confer poor solubility on OaCLH. The C-terminal fusion of a 6 × His tag caused a partial loss of activity in recombinant OaCLH, but an N-terminal 6 × His tag did not destroy its activity. The optimal pH and temperature for recombinant OaCLH activity are 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Recombinant OaCLH has hydrolysis activities against chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, bacteriochlorophyll a, and pheophytin a, but prefers chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a as substrates. The results of site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that the catalytic triad of OaCLH consists of Ser159, Asp226, and His258. Conclusions The high-level expression and broad substrate specificity of recombinant OaCLH make it suitable for genetically engineering and a promising biocatalyst for industrial production, with applications in vegetable oil refining and laundry detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Jiangsu, 214122, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,Wilmar Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, 200137, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, 200137, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Xu
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, 200137, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Niu
- Wilmar Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd, 200137, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Jiangsu, 214122, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Jiangsu, 214122, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Hu B, Zhu J, Wu H, Xu K, Zhai H, Guo N, Gao Y, Yang J, Zhu D, Xia Z. Enhanced Chlorophyll Degradation Triggers the Pod Degreening of "Golden Hook," a Special Ecotype in Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Front Genet 2020; 11:570816. [PMID: 33133159 PMCID: PMC7573562 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.570816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal genetic factors or pathways involved in the pod degreening, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses using a yellow pod cultivar of the common bean "golden hook" ecotype and its green pod mutants yielded via gamma radiation. Transcriptional profiling showed that expression levels of red chlorophyll catabolite reductase (RCCR, Phvul.008G280300) involved in chlorophyll degradation was strongly enhanced at an early stage (2 cm long) in wild type but not in green pod mutants. The expression levels of genes involved in cellulose synthesis was inhibited by the pod degreening. Metabolomic profiling showed that the content of most flavonoid, flavones, and isoflavonoid was decreased during pod development, but the content of afzelechin, taxifolin, dihydrokaempferol, and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside was remarkably increased in both wild type and green pod mutant. This study revealed that the pod degreening of the golden hook resulting from chlorophyll degradation could trigger changes in cellulose and flavonoids biosynthesis pathway, offering this cultivar a special color appearance and good flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science of Xuhuai Region, Huai'an, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
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Gao J, Liang D, Xu Q, Yang F, Zhu G. Involvement of CsERF2 in leaf variegation of Cymbidium sinense 'Dharma'. Planta 2020; 252:29. [PMID: 32725285 PMCID: PMC7387381 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION CsERF2, an ethylene response factor, plays a role in leaf variegation. Leaf variegation is a main ornamental characteristic in Cymbidium sinense (C. sinense). However, the mechanisms of leaf color variegation remain largely unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the cytological and physiological features, as well as molecular analyses of leaves from wild-type (WT) and leaf variegation mutants of Cymbidium sinense 'Dharma'. Chloroplasts with typical and functional structures were discovered in WT and green sectors of the mutants leaves (MG), but not in yellow sectors of the mutant leaves (MY). The activities of key enzymes involved in chlorophyll (Chl) degradation and their substrate contents were significantly increased in MY. Genes related to Chl degradation also showed a significant up-regulation in MY. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of all identified ethylene response factors (ERFs) was significantly up-regulated, and the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content in MY was significantly higher compared with MG. QRT-PCR analysis validated that the expression levels of genes related to Chl degradation could be positively affected by ethylene (ETH) treatment. Stable overexpression of CsERF2 in Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) led to a decrease in Chl content and abnormal chloroplast. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that the KEGG pathway related to chloroplast development and function showed significant change in transgenic N. tabacum. Therefore, the leaf color formation of C. sinense was greatly affected by chloroplast development and Chl metabolism. CsERF2 played an important role in leaf variegation of C. sinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
| | - Genfa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 People’s Republic of China
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Forlani S, Cozzi C, Rosa S, Tadini L, Masiero S, Mizzotti C. HEBE, a novel positive regulator of senescence in Solanum lycopersicum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11021. [PMID: 32620827 PMCID: PMC7335192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence and plant aging are traits of great interest for breeders. Senescing cells undergo important physiological and biochemical changes, while cellular structures such as chloroplasts are degraded with dramatic metabolic consequences for the whole plant. The possibility of prolonging the photosynthetic ability of leaves could positively impact the plant's life span with benefits for biomass production and metabolite accumulation; plants with these characteristics display a stay-green phenotype. A group of plant transcription factors known as NAC play a pivotal role in controlling senescence: here we describe the involvement of the tomato NAC transcription factor Solyc12g036480, which transcript is present in leaves and floral buds. Since its silencing delays leaf senescence and prevents plants from ageing, we renamed Solyc12g0364 HḖBĒ, for the Greek goddess of youth. In this manuscript we describe how HEB downregulation negatively affects the progression of senescence, resulting in changes in transcription of senescence-promoting genes, as well as the activity of enzymes involved in chlorophyll degradation, thereby explaining the stay-green phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Forlani
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Cozzi
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Rosa
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Tadini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Lu Y, Li D, Li L, Belwal T, Xu Y, Lin X, Duan Z, Luo Z. Effects of elevated CO2 on pigment metabolism of postharvest mandarin fruit for degreening. Food Chem 2020; 318:126462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Song T, Yang F, Das D, Chen M, Hu Q, Tian Y, Cheng C, Liu Y, Zhang J. Transcriptomic analysis of photosynthesis‐related genes regulated by alternate wetting and drying irrigation in flag leaves of rice. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Moxian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
| | - Qijuan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Chaolin Cheng
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong
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Opriș O, Lung I, Soran ML, Ciorîță A, Copolovici L. Investigating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the composition and ultrastructure of green leafy vegetables with important nutritional values. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:342-351. [PMID: 32272352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been particularly considered a concerning problem with unknown consequences. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world, and as a result, they are commonly found in different environmental compartments. In the present work, we studied the effects of NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) on the composition and ultrastructure of Atriplex patula L., S. oleracea, and Lactuca sativa L., three green leafy vegetables with significant nutritional value. Contaminant solutions of NSAIDs were applied every two days using concentrations of 0.1 mg L-1, 0.5 mg L-1, and 1 mg L-1. After eight weeks of exposure of the green leafy vegetables to the selected NSAIDs, the chlorophylls (a + b), carotenoids (zeaxanthin, lutein, and ß-carotene), total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and the ultrastructural modifications were determined. The obtained results indicated a moderate reduction in the assimilating pigments, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, ultrastructural damages of the chloroplasts and cell walls were observed in the leaves of the selected vegetables, which were exposed to abiotic stress-induced by NSAIDs. All data collectively suggest that this group of drugs induced harmful effects on plants, and implicitly they may also negatively affected human health on the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocsana Opriș
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ildikó Lung
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maria-Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciorîță
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, 5-7 Clinicilor, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection and Institute of Research, Innovation and Development in Technical and Natural Sciences of "Aurel Vlaicu" University, 2 Elena Drăgoi, 310330, Arad, Romania
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Chen X, Yang X, Xie J, Ding W, Li Y, Yue Y, Wang L. Biochemical and Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Key Genes Involved in Major Metabolic Regulation Related to Colored Leaf Formation in Osmanthus fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' during Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040549. [PMID: 32260448 PMCID: PMC7226453 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' not only has a beautiful shape and fresh floral fragrance, but also rich leaf colors that change, making the tree useful for landscaping. In order to study the mechanisms of color formation in O. fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' leaves, we analyzed the colored and green leaves at different developmental stages in terms of leaf pigment content, cell structure, and transcriptome data. We found that the chlorophyll content in the colored leaves was lower than that of green leaves throughout development. By analyzing the structure of chloroplasts, the colored leaves demonstrated more stromal lamellae and low numbers of granum thylakoid. However, there was a large number of plastoglobuli. Using transcriptome sequencing, we demonstrated that the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chlorophyll degradation was upregulated, i.e., heme oxygennase-1 (HO1), pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), and chlorophyllase-2 (CLH2), affecting the synthesis of chlorophyll in colored leaves. The stay-green gene (SGR) was upregulated in colored leaves. Genes involved in carotenoid synthesis, i.e., phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) and 1-Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), were downregulated in colored leaves, impeding the synthesis of carotenoids. In the later stage of leaf development, the downregulated expression of Golden2-Like (GLK) inhibited chloroplast development in colored leaves. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the correlation between physiological indicators and DEGs, we chose the modules with the highest degree of relevance to chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid metabolism. A total of five genes (HSFA2, NFYC9, TCP20, WRKY3, and WRKY4) were identified as hub genes. These analyses provide new insights into color formation mechanisms in O. fragrans 'Yinbi Shuanghui' leaves at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- College of Fine Arts, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, No.1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China;
| | - Xiulian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jun Xie
- College of Fine Arts, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, No.1 Shennong Road, Nanjing 210038, China;
| | - Wenjie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuli Li
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-138-0900-7625 (L.W.)
| | - Lianggui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Province, College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, No. 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.C.); (X.Y.); (W.D.); (Y.L.)
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-138-0900-7625 (L.W.)
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Tokarz KM, Makowski W, Tokarz B, Hanula M, Sitek E, Muszyńska E, Jędrzejczyk R, Banasiuk R, Chajec Ł, Mazur S. Can Ceylon Leadwort ( Plumbago zeylanica L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?-Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1866. [PMID: 32182862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l−1). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l−1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways.
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Kohli SK, Handa N, Bali S, Khanna K, Arora S, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Current Scenario of Pb Toxicity in Plants: Unraveling Plethora of Physiological Responses. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 249:153-197. [PMID: 30900073 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an extremely toxic metal for all living forms including plants. It enters plants through roots from soil or soil solution. It is considered as one of the most eminent examples of anthropogenic environmental pollutant added in environment through mining and smelting of lead ores, coal burning, waste from battery industries, leaded paints, metal plating, and automobile exhaust. Uptake of Pb in plants is a nonselective process and is driven by H+/ATPases. Translocation of Pb metal ions occurs by apoplastic movement resulting in deposition of metal ions in the endodermis and is further transported by symplastic movement. Plants exposed to high concentration of Pb show toxic symptoms due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton-Haber-Weiss reaction. ROS include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, which reach to macro- and micro-cellular levels in the plant cells and cause oxidative damage. Plant growth and plethora of biochemical and physiological attributes including plant growth, water status, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidative defense system, phenolic compounds, metal chelators, osmolytes, and redox status are adversely influenced by Pb toxicity. Plants respond to toxic levels of Pb in varied ways such as restricted uptake of metal, chelation of metal ions to the root endodermis, enhancement in activity of antioxidative defense, alteration in metal transporters expression, and involvement of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | - Neha Handa
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Zulfiqar U, Farooq M, Hussain S, Maqsood M, Hussain M, Ishfaq M, Ahmad M, Anjum MZ. Lead toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation. J Environ Manage 2019; 250:109557. [PMID: 31545179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in biological systems. Pb toxicity causes a range of damages to plants from germination to yield formation; however, its toxicity is both time and concentration dependent. Its exposure at higher rates disturbs the plant water and nutritional relations and causes oxidative damages to plants. Reduced rate of seed germination and plant growth under stress is mainly due to Pb interference with enzymatic activities, membrane damage and stomatal closure because of induction of absicic acid and negative correlation of Pb with potassium in plants. Pb induced structural changes in photosynthetic apparatus and reduced biosynthesis of chlorophyll pigments cause retardation of carbon metabolism. In this review, the noxious effects of Pb on germination, stand establishment, growth, water relations, nutrient uptake and assimilation, ultra-structural and oxidative damages, carbon metabolism and enzymatic activities in plants are reported. The Pb dynamics in soil rhizosphere and role of remediation strategies i.e. physical, chemical and biological to decontaminate the Pb polluted soils has also been described. Among them, biological strategies, including phytoremediation, microbe-assisted remediation and remediation by organic amendments, are cost effective and environmentally sound remedies for cleaning Pb contaminated soils. Use of organic manures and some agricultural practices have the potential to harvest better crops yield of good quality form Pb contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maqsood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Agriculture Discipline, College of Science Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Anjum
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Sharma A, Yuan H, Kumar V, Ramakrishnan M, Kohli SK, Kaur R, Thukral AK, Bhardwaj R, Zheng B. Castasterone attenuates insecticide induced phytotoxicity in mustard. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 179:50-61. [PMID: 31026750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the current investigation, we studied role of castasterone (CS), (a bioactive brassinosteroid) in Brassica juncea grown under imidacloprid (IMI) stress. We observed that CS-seed treatment resulted in the recovery of seedling growth under IMI toxicity. Seed treatment with CS, significantly enhanced the contents of pigments like chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins and xanthophylls under stress. Oxidative stress generated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, was reduced after CS treatment under IMI toxicity. Antioxidative defense system got activated after CS-seed treatment, resulting in the increased activities of enzymes. Moreover, CS-seed treatment under IMI stress also stimulated the biosynthesis of organic acids of Krebs cycle (citrate, succinate, fumarate and malate) and phenolics. We also noticed that CS is also involved in the regulation of the gene expression of some key enzymes involved in pigment metabolism (CHLASE, PSY, CHS), carbon fixation (RUBISCO), Krebs cycle (CS, SUCLG1, SDH, FH), ROS generation (RBO), antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, DHAR, GR, GST), phenolic biosynthesis (PAL) and pesticide detoxification system (CXE, P450, NADH). This modulated gene expression after CS-treatment activated the insecticide detoxification, leading to the reduction of IMI residues. Data analysis using multivariate statistical technique i.e. multiple linear regression, also supported the fact that CS can efficiently reduce IMI induced phytotoxicity in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, 144012, Punjab, India
| | - M Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ravdeep Kaur
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Plant Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Zhang H, Wang R, Wang T, Fang C, Wang J. Methyl salicylate delays peel yellowing of 'Zaosu' pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) during storage by regulating chlorophyll metabolism and maintaining chloroplast ultrastructure. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4816-4824. [PMID: 30980406 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some cultivars, yellowing resulting from chlorophyll breakdown has a direct and negative effect on food supply and health. The 'Zaosu' pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.), a commercial Asian pear cultivar in China, rapidly turns yellow when stored at room temperature after harvest. To develop techniques that delay or suppress chlorophyll degradation, the effects of methyl salicylate (MeSA) on yellowing in 'Zaosu' pear fruit during storage were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the untreated fruit, the application of 0.05 mmol L-1 MeSA delayed the decline of the total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content, and maintained more intact chloroplasts with fewer and smaller plastoglobuli. Methyl salicylate suppressed enzyme activities, including chlorophyllase, chlorophyll-degrading peroxidase, Mg dechelatase, and pheophytinase, and the expression levels of NYC, NOL, CLH, SGR, PPH, PAO and RCCR in treated fruit. CONCLUSION Methyl salicylate could delay chlorophyll breakdown in the fruit. The results also suggested that the conversion from chlorophyll a to pheophorbide a could proceed via two pathways, and that alternative pathways for the breakdown of chlorophyll a exist in 'Zaosu' pears. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunxia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Plant Agro-Products, College of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
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Wang H, Wang S, Chang X, Hao C, Sun D, Jing R. Identification of TaPPH-7A haplotypes and development of a molecular marker associated with important agronomic traits in common wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:296. [PMID: 31286893 PMCID: PMC6615193 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature senescence of flag leaf severely affects wheat yield and quality. Chlorophyll (Chl) degradation is the most obvious symptom during leaf senescence and catalyzed by a series of enzymes. Pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase (Pheophytinase, PPH) gene encodes a Chl degradation hydrolase. RESULTS In this study, the coding, genomic and promoter sequences of wheat TaPPH-A gene were cloned. The corresponding lengths were 1467 bp, 4479 bp and 3666 bp, respectively. Sequence structure analysis showed that TaPPH-A contained five exons and four introns. After the multiple sequences alignment of TaPPH-A genome from 36 accessions in a wheat diversity panel, four SNPs and one 2-bp InDel were observed, which formed two haplotypes, TaPPH-7A-1 and TaPPH-7A-2. Based on the SNP at 1299 bp (A/G), a molecular marker TaPPH-7A-dCAPS was developed to distinguish allelic variation (A/G). Using the molecular markers, 13 SSR, and 116 SNP markers, a linkage map of chromosome 7A were integrated. TaPPH-A was mapped on the chromosome region flanked by Xwmc9 (0.94 cM) and AX-95634545 (1.04 cM) on 7A in a DH population. Association analysis between TaPPH-7A allelic variation and agronomic traits found that TaPPH-7A was associated with TGW in 11 of 12 environments and Chl content at grain-filling stage under drought stress using Population 1 consisted of 323 accessions. The accessions possessed TaPPH-7A-1 (A) had higher TGW and Chl content than those possessed TaPPH-7A-2 (G), thus TaPPH-7A-1 (A) was a favorable allelic variation. By analyzing the frequency of favorable allelic variation TaPPH-7A-1 (A) in Population 2 with 157 landraces and Population 3 with 348 modern cultivars, we found it increased from pre-1950 (0) to 1960s (54.5%), then maintained a relatively stable level about 56% from 1960s to 1990s. CONCLUSION These results suggested the favorable allelic variation TaPPH-7A-1 (A) should be valuable in enhancing grain yield by improving the source (chlorophyll content) and sink (the developing grain) simultaneously. Furthermore, the newly developed molecular marker TaPPH-7A-dCAPS could be integrated into a breeding kit of screening high TGW wheat for marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Chenyang Hao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Daizhen Sun
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
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Lee S, Sergeeva LI, Vreugdenhil D. Quantitative trait loci analysis of hormone levels in Arabidopsis roots. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219008. [PMID: 31251768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses for five groups of hormones, including cytokinins in Arabidopsis roots were performed using recombinant inbred lines (Ler×Cvi). Significant QTLs were detected for cytokinins, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Separate analysis of two sub-populations, viz., vegetative and flowering plants revealed that many of the QTLs were development-specific. Using near-isogenic lines, several significant QTLs were confirmed; three co-localized QTL regions were responsible for determining several cytokinin metabolites. Using a knock-out plant, a functional role of zeatin N-glucosyltransferase gene (UGT76C2) underlying a large-effect QTL for levels of tZ-N-glucosides and tZRMP was evaluated in the metabolism of cytokinins. Pleotropic effects of this gene were found for cytokinin levels in both roots and leaves, but significant changes of morphological traits were observed only in roots. Hormone QTL analysis reveals development-specific and organ-dependent aspects of the regulation of plant hormone content and metabolism.
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Xu D, Shi M, Jia B, Yan Z, Gao L, Guan W, Wang Q, Zuo J. Effect of ozone on the activity of antioxidant and chlorophyll‐degrading enzymes during postharvest storage of coriander (
Coriandrum sativum
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Meng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
| | - Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lipu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science Tianjin University of Commerce Tianjin China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
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Zhang S, Wu X, Cui J, Zhang F, Wan X, Liu Q, Zhong Y, Lin T. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of yellow leaf coloration in Populus deltoides Marsh. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216879. [PMID: 31112574 PMCID: PMC6529213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Populus deltoides Marsh has high ornamental value because its leaves remain yellow during the non-dormant period. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in P. deltoides Marsh. Thus, we analyzed the physiological and transcriptional differences of yellow leaves (mutant) and green leaves (wild-type) of P. deltoides Marsh. Physiological experiments showed that the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid were lower in mutant leaves, and the flavonoid content did not differ significantly between mutant and wild-type leaves. Transcriptomic sequencing was further used to identify 153 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional classifications based on Gene Ontology enrichment and Genome enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were involved in Chl biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Among these, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (CHLP) genes associated with Chl biosynthesis showed down-regulation, while chlorophyllase (CLH) genes associated with Chl degradation were up-regulated in yellow leaves. The expression levels of these genes were further confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the estimation of the main precursors of Chl confirmed that CHLP is a vital enzyme for the yellow leaf color phenotype. Consequently, the formation of yellow leaf color is due to the disruption of Chl synthesis or catabolism rather than flavonoid synthesis. These results contribute to our understanding of mechanisms and regulation of leaf color variation in poplar at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Cui
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xueqin Wan
- College of Forestry of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- College of Forestry of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiantian Lin
- College of Forestry of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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