1
|
Lim SL, Liu J, Dupouy G, Singh G, Baudrey S, Yang L, Zhong JY, Chabouté ME, Lim BL. In planta imaging of pyridine nucleotides using second-generation fluorescent protein biosensors. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38761168 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Redox changes of pyridine nucleotides in cellular compartments are highly dynamic and their equilibria are under the influence of various reducing and oxidizing reactions. To obtain spatiotemporal data on pyridine nucleotides in living plant cells, typical biochemical approaches require cell destruction. To date, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are considered to be the best option to bridge the existing technology gap, as they provide a fast, accurate, and real-time readout. However, the existing pyridine nucleotides genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are either sensitive to pH change or slow in dissociation rate. Herein, we employed the biosensors which generate readouts that are pH stable for in planta measurement of NADH/NAD+ ratio and NADPH level. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express these biosensors in plastid stroma and cytosol of whole plants and pollen tubes under the control of CaMV 35S and LAT52 promoters, respectively. These transgenic biosensor lines allow us to monitor real-time dynamic changes in NADH/NAD+ ratio and NADPH level in the plastids and cytosol of various plant tissues, including pollen tubes, root hairs, and mesophyll cells, using a variety of fluorescent instruments. We anticipate that these valuable transgenic lines may allow improvements in plant redox biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shey-Li Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilles Dupouy
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Gaurav Singh
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Stéphanie Baudrey
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Lang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Yi Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulich I, Schmid J, Teplova A, Qi L, Friml J. Rapid translocation of NGR proteins driving polarization of PIN-activating D6 protein kinase during root gravitropism. eLife 2024; 12:RP91523. [PMID: 38441122 PMCID: PMC10942638 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Root gravitropic bending represents a fundamental aspect of terrestrial plant physiology. Gravity is perceived by sedimentation of starch-rich plastids (statoliths) to the bottom of the central root cap cells. Following gravity perception, intercellular auxin transport is redirected downwards leading to an asymmetric auxin accumulation at the lower root side causing inhibition of cell expansion, ultimately resulting in downwards bending. How gravity-induced statoliths repositioning is translated into asymmetric auxin distribution remains unclear despite PIN auxin efflux carriers and the Negative Gravitropic Response of roots (NGR) proteins polarize along statolith sedimentation, thus providing a plausible mechanism for auxin flow redirection. In this study, using a functional NGR1-GFP construct, we visualized the NGR1 localization on the statolith surface and plasma membrane (PM) domains in close proximity to the statoliths, correlating with their movements. We determined that NGR1 binding to these PM domains is indispensable for NGR1 functionality and relies on cysteine acylation and adjacent polybasic regions as well as on lipid and sterol PM composition. Detailed timing of the early events following graviperception suggested that both NGR1 repolarization and initial auxin asymmetry precede the visible PIN3 polarization. This discrepancy motivated us to unveil a rapid, NGR-dependent translocation of PIN-activating AGCVIII kinase D6PK towards lower PMs of gravity-perceiving cells, thus providing an attractive model for rapid redirection of auxin fluxes following gravistimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kulich
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Julia Schmid
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | | | - Linlin Qi
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuběnová L, Haberland J, Dvořák P, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Spatiotemporal distribution of reactive oxygen species production, delivery, and use in Arabidopsis root hairs. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2337-2360. [PMID: 37666000 PMCID: PMC10663114 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent selective probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in living cells are versatile tools for the documentation of ROS production in plant developmental or stress reactions. We employed high-resolution live-cell imaging and semiquantitative analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stained with CM-H2DCFDA, CellROX Deep Red, and Amplex Red for functional characterization of the spatiotemporal mode of ROS production, delivery, and utilization during root hair formation. Cell viability marker fluorescein diacetate served as a positive control for dye loading and undisturbed root hair tip growth after staining. Using a colocalization analysis with subcellular molecular markers and two root hair mutants with similar phenotypes of nonelongating root hairs, but with contrasting reasons for this impairment, we found that: (i) CM-H2DCFDA is a sensitive probe for ROS generation in the cytoplasm, (ii) CellROX Deep Red labels ROS in mitochondria, (iii) Amplex Red labels apoplastic ROS and mitochondria and shows high selectivity to root hairs, (iv) the root hair defective 2-1 (rhd2-1) mutant with nonfunctional NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG PROTEIN C/ROOT HAIR-DEFECTIVE 2 (AtRBOHC/RHD2) has a low level of CM-H2DCFDA-reactive ROS in cytoplasm and lacks Amplex Red-reactive ROS in apoplast, and (v) the ACTIN2-deficient deformed root hairs1-3 (der1-3) mutant is not altered in these aspects. The sensitivity of CellROX Deep Red was documented by discrimination between larger ROS-containing mitochondria and small, yet ROS-free premature mitochondria in the growing tip of root hairs. We characterized spatial changes in ROS production and compartmentalization induced by external ROS modulators, ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and ionophore valinomycin. This dynamic and high-resolution study of ROS production and utilization opens opportunities for precise speciation of particular ROS involved in root hair formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kuběnová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Haberland
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvořák
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parra-Aguilar TJ, Sarmiento-López LG, Santana O, Olivares JE, Pascual-Morales E, Jiménez-Jiménez S, Quero-Hostos A, Palacios-Martínez J, Chávez-Martínez AI, Cárdenas L. TETRASPANIN 8-1 from Phaseolus vulgaris plays a key role during mutualistic interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152493. [PMID: 37465390 PMCID: PMC10352089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and rhizobia form two of the most important plant-microbe associations for the assimilation of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Symbiont-derived signals are able to coordinate the infection process by triggering multiple responses in the plant root, such as calcium influxes and oscillations, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoskeletal rearrangements and altered gene expression. An examination was made of the role of tetraspanins, which are transmembrane proteins that self-organize into tetraspanin web regions, where they recruit specific proteins into platforms required for signal transduction, membrane fusion, cell trafficking, and ROS generation. In plant cells, tetraspanins are scaffolding proteins associated with root radial patterning, biotic and abiotic stress responses, cell fate determination, plasmodesmata and hormonal regulation. Some plant tetraspanins, such as Arabidopsis thaliana TETRASPANIN 8 and TETRASPANIN 9 (AtTET8 and AtTET9) are associated with exosomes during inter-kingdom communication. In this study, a homolog of AtTET8, PvTET8-1, in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Negro Jamapa) was examined in roots during interactions with Rhizobium tropici and Rhizophagus irregularis. The promoter of PvTET8-1 contained several cis-acting regulatory DNA elements potentially related to mutualistic interactions, and PvTET8-1 was transcriptionally activated during AM fungal and rhizobial associations. Silencing it decreased the size and number of nodules, nitrogen fixation, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation, whereas overexpressing it increased the size and number of nodules, and mycorrhizal arbuscule formation but decreased nitrogen fixation. PvTET8-1 appears to be an important element in both of these mutualistic interactions, perhaps through its interaction with NADPH oxidase and the generation of ROS during the infection processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thelma J. Parra-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Olivia Santana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Juan Elías Olivares
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Edgar Pascual-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Saul Jiménez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Andrea Quero-Hostos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Janet Palacios-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana I. Chávez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stroppa N, Onelli E, Moreau P, Maneta-Peyret L, Berno V, Cammarota E, Ambrosini R, Caccianiga M, Scali M, Moscatelli A. Sterols and Sphingolipids as New Players in Cell Wall Building and Apical Growth of Nicotiana tabacum L. Pollen Tubes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 36616135 PMCID: PMC9824051 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes are tip-growing cells that create safe routes to convey sperm cells to the embryo sac for double fertilization. Recent studies have purified and biochemically characterized detergent-insoluble membranes from tobacco pollen tubes. These microdomains, called lipid rafts, are rich in sterols and sphingolipids and are involved in cell polarization in organisms evolutionarily distant, such as fungi and mammals. The presence of actin in tobacco pollen tube detergent-insoluble membranes and the preferential distribution of these domains on the apical plasma membrane encouraged us to formulate the intriguing hypothesis that sterols and sphingolipids could be a "trait d'union" between actin dynamics and polarized secretion at the tip. To unravel the role of sterols and sphingolipids in tobacco pollen tube growth, we used squalestatin and myriocin, inhibitors of sterol and sphingolipid biosynthesis, respectively, to determine whether lipid modifications affect actin fringe morphology and dynamics, leading to changes in clear zone organization and cell wall deposition, thus suggesting a role played by these lipids in successful fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Stroppa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Onelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrick Moreau
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Valeria Berno
- ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT 1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cammarota
- ALEMBIC Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy BioImaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT 1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambrosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Scali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moscatelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kordyum EL, Artemenko OA, Hasenstein KH. Lipid Rafts and Plant Gravisensitivity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1809. [PMID: 36362962 PMCID: PMC9695138 DOI: 10.3390/life12111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity to include plants as a component of a Bioregenerative Life Support System leads to investigations to optimize plant growth facilities as well as a better understanding of the plant cell membrane and its numerous activities in the signaling, transport, and sensing of gravity, drought, and other stressors. The cell membrane participates in numerous processes, including endo- and exocytosis and cell division, and is involved in the response to external stimuli. Variable but stabilized microdomains form in membranes that include specific lipids and proteins that became known as (detergent-resistant) membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts with various subclassifications. The composition, especially the sterol-dependent recruitment of specific proteins affects endo- and exo-membrane domains as well as plasmodesmata. The enhanced saturated fatty acid content in lipid rafts after clinorotation suggests increased rigidity and reduced membrane permeability as a primary response to abiotic and mechanical stress. These results can also be obtained with lipid-sensitive stains. The linkage of the CM to the cytoskeleton via rafts is part of the complex interactions between lipid microdomains, mechanosensitive ion channels, and the organization of the cytoskeleton. These intricately linked structures and functions provide multiple future research directions to elucidate the role of lipid rafts in physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Kordyum
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga A. Artemenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Botany NASU, Tereschenkivska Str. 2, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Karl H. Hasenstein
- Biology Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ou H, Yi P. ROP GTPase-dependent polarity establishment during tip growth in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:49-57. [PMID: 35832004 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polar cell growth in plants requires a cell peripheral region that undergoes membrane extension and cell wall remodeling. Since the 1990s, RHO-RELATED GTPASES FROM PLANTS (ROPs) have been identified as master regulators that determine the site of cell growth. ROPs function to regulate actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, calcium gradients, and exocytosis, thus directing the delivery of materials for membrane and cell wall extension. In recent years, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying polar localization and the activation of ROPs has greatly advanced. Evidence points to the crucial roles of membrane lipids, receptor-like kinases, and cell wall components. In this review, we provide updates on the mechanisms underlying polarity control in tip-growing cells, with a focus on ROP effectors and membrane-associated signals. By integrating knowledge from pollen tubes, root hairs, and findings in bryophyte protonema cells and rhizoids, we hope to offer important insights into a common conceptual framework on polarity establishment governed by intercellular and extracellular signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Peishan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuběnová L, Tichá M, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 2 vesicular delivery to the apical plasma membrane domain during Arabidopsis root hair development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1563-1585. [PMID: 34986267 PMCID: PMC8896599 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root hairs develop as long tubular extensions from the rootward pole of trichoblasts and exert polarized tip growth. The establishment and maintenance of root hair polarity is a complex process involving the local apical production of reactive oxygen species generated by A. thaliana nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C/ROOT HAIR-DEFECTIVE 2 (AtRBOHC/RHD2). Loss-of-function root hair defective 2 (rhd2) mutants have short root hairs that are unable to elongate by tip growth, and this phenotype is fully complemented by GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)-RHD2 expressed under the RHD2 promoter. However, the spatiotemporal mechanism of AtRBOHC/RHD2 subcellular redistribution and delivery to the plasma membrane (PM) during root hair initiation and tip growth are still unclear. Here, we used advanced microscopy for detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of vesicular compartments containing GFP-RHD2 and characterization of their movements in developing bulges and growing root hairs. These compartments, identified by an independent molecular marker mCherry-VTI12 as the trans-Golgi network (TGN), deliver GFP-RHD2 to the apical PM domain, the extent of which corresponds with the stage of root hair formation. Movements of TGN/early endosomes, but not late endosomes, were affected in the bulging domains of the rhd2-1 mutant. Finally, we revealed that structural sterols might be involved in the accumulation, docking, and incorporation of TGN compartments containing GFP-RHD2 to the apical PM of root hairs. These results help in clarifying the mechanism of polarized AtRBOHC/RHD2 targeting, maintenance, and recycling at the apical PM domain, coordinated with different developmental stages of root hair initiation and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kuběnová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Tichá
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ying S, Blancaflor EB, Liao F, Scheible W. A phosphorus-limitation induced, functionally conserved DUF506 protein is a repressor of root hair elongation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1153-1171. [PMID: 34775627 PMCID: PMC9300206 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RHs) function in nutrient and water acquisition, root metabolite exudation, soil anchorage and plant-microbe interactions. Longer or more abundant RHs are potential breeding traits for developing crops that are more resource-use efficient and can improve soil health. While many genes are known to promote RH elongation, relatively little is known about genes and mechanisms that constrain RH growth. Here we demonstrate that a DOMAIN OF UNKNOWN FUNCTION 506 (DUF506) protein, AT3G25240, negatively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana RH growth. The AT3G25240 gene is strongly and specifically induced during phosphorus (P)-limitation. Mutants of this gene, which we call REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR ELONGATION 1 (RXR1), have much longer RHs, higher phosphate content and seedling biomass, while overexpression of the gene exhibits opposite phenotypes. Co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analyses reveal that RXR1 physically interacts with a RabD2c GTPase in nucleus, and a rabd2c mutant phenocopies the rxr1 mutant. Furthermore, N-terminal variable region of RXR1 is crucial for inhibiting RH growth. Overexpression of a Brachypodium distachyon RXR1 homolog results in repression of RH elongation in Brachypodium. Taken together, our results reveal a novel DUF506-GTPase module with a prominent role in repression of plant RH elongation especially under P stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK73401USA
- Present address:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48823USA
| | | | - Fuqi Liao
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK73401USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Durán-Medina Y, Ruiz-Cortés BE, Guerrero-Largo H, Marsch-Martínez N. Specialized metabolism and development: An unexpected friendship. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102142. [PMID: 34856480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a myriad of metabolites. Some of them have been regarded for a long time as secondary or specialized metabolites and are considered to have functions mostly in defense and the adaptation of plants to their environment. However, in the last years, new research has shown that these metabolites can also have roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, some acting as signals, through the interaction with hormonal pathways, and some independently of them. These reports provide a glimpse of the functional possibilities that specialized metabolites present in the modulation of plant development and encourage more research in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Durán-Medina
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Esperanza Ruiz-Cortés
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Herenia Guerrero-Largo
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Marsch-Martínez
- Biotecnology and Biochemistry Department, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Irapuato Unit, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Objectives: The beneficial role of ROS was probably in promoting intercellular communication by modifying membrane constituents [Liang D. A salutary role of reactive oxygen species in intercellular tunnel-mediated communication. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018;6:2]. We investigated how the membrane lipids were responding to ROS and ROS inhibitors. Methods: To examine how ROS affected the lipid profiles, we used thin-layer chromatography to characterize lipid profiles in Arabidopsis plants. Then, the confocal microscopy imaging was used to confirm the change of membrane lipid in a plasma membrane marker line exposed to ROS and ROS inhibitors. Results: We found the relative contents of most lipids in H2O2-treated Arabidopsis plants were increased in roots, rather than in shoots. The increased fluorescent signal of membrane marker induced by H2O2 was mainly enriched in the conductive parts of roots. Several ROS inhibitors also strongly affected the lipid profiles. Among them, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) can progressively change the lipid profiles with treatment going on. Membrane marker signal was mainly accumulated in the root tips and epidermal cells after treatment by DDC. Discussion: H2O2 may enhance intercellular communication by inducing different lipid species in the conductive parts of roots. The lipid profiles were widely responding to various ROS reagents and might play a role in intercellular signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuying Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dacheng Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Arabidopsis P4 ATPase-mediated cell detoxification confers resistance to Fusarium graminearum and Verticillium dahliae. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6426. [PMID: 34741039 PMCID: PMC8571369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many toxic secondary metabolites produced by phytopathogens can subvert host immunity, and some of them are recognized as pathogenicity factors. Fusarium head blight and Verticillium wilt are destructive plant diseases worldwide. Using toxins produced by the causal fungi Fusarium graminearum and Verticillium dahliae as screening agents, here we show that the Arabidopsis P4 ATPases AtALA1 and AtALA7 are responsible for cellular detoxification of mycotoxins. Through AtALA1-/AtALA7-mediated vesicle transport, toxins are sequestered in vacuoles for degradation. Overexpression of AtALA1 and AtALA7 significantly increases the resistance of transgenic plants to F. graminearum and V. dahliae, respectively. Notably, the concentration of deoxynivalenol, a mycotoxin harmful to the health of humans and animals, was decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis siliques and maize seeds. This vesicle-mediated cell detoxification process provides a strategy to increase plant resistance against different toxin-associated diseases and to reduce the mycotoxin contamination in food and feed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kumar K, Gibbs HC, Yeh AT, Griffing LR. The Sterol Trafficking Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:616631. [PMID: 34122463 PMCID: PMC8187924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.616631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the trafficking mechanisms by which sterols move through the plant and into target cells are unknown. Earlier studies identified endosomes as primary candidates for internalization of sterols in plants, but these results have come into question. Here, we show that in elongating root cells, the internalization of sterol occurs primarily by a non-endocytic mechanism. Added fluorescent sterols [dehydroergosterol (DHE) and BODIPY-cholesterol (BCh)] do not initially label endosomes identified by fluorescent protein markers or by internalized FM4-64. Instead, the nuclear envelope, an organelle not associated with the endocytic pathway but part of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), becomes labeled. This result is supported by experiments with the inducible overexpression of auxilin-2-like protein (AUX2 line), which blocks most endocytosis upon induction. Internalization and nuclear envelope labeling still occur in induced AUX2 cells. Longer-term incubation labels the oil body, a site involved in sterol storage. Although the first site of localization, the nuclear envelope, is part of the ER, other domains of the ER do not accumulate the label. The trafficking pathway differs from vesicular endocytosis and points toward a different pathway of sterol transport possibly involving other mechanisms, such as ER-plasma membrane contact sites and cytoplasmic transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Interdisciplinary Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Holly C. Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Alvin T. Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Griffing
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences Interdisciplinary Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar V, Vogelsang L, Schmidt RR, Sharma SS, Seidel T, Dietz KJ. Remodeling of Root Growth Under Combined Arsenic and Hypoxia Stress Is Linked to Nutrient Deprivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:569687. [PMID: 33193499 PMCID: PMC7644957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture responds to environmental stress. Stress-induced metabolic and nutritional changes affect the endogenous root development program. Transcriptional and translational changes realize the switch between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation, lateral root or root hair formation and root functionality for stress acclimation. The current work explores the effects of stress combination of arsenic toxicity (As) and hypoxia (Hpx) on root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed previously, combined As and Hpx treatment leads to severe nutritional disorder evident from deregulation of root transcriptome and plant mineral contents. Both As and Hpx were identified to pose stress-specific constraints on root development that lead to unique root growth phenotype under their combination. Besides inhibition of root apical meristem (RAM) activity under all stresses, As induced lateral root growth while root hair density and lengths were strongly increased by Hpx and HpxAs-treatments. A dual stimulation of phosphate (Pi)-starvation response was observed for HpxAs-treated plant roots; however, the response under HpxAs aligned more with Hpx than As. Transcriptional evidence along with biochemical data suggests involvement of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1; PHR1-dependent systemic signaling. Pi metabolism-related transcripts in close association with cellular iron homeostasis modulate root development under HpxAs. Early redox potential changes in meristematic cells, differential ROS accumulation in root hair zone cell layers and strong deregulation of NADPH oxidases, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases and peroxidases signify a role of redox and ROS signaling in root architecture remodeling under HpxAs. Differential aquaporin expression suggests transmembrane ROS transport to regulate root hair induction and growth. Reorganization of energy metabolism through NO-dependent alternate oxidase, lactate fermentation, and phosphofructokinase seems crucial under HpxAs. TOR and SnRK-signaling network components were potentially involved in control of sustainable utilization of available energy reserves for root hair growth under combined stress as well as recovery on reaeration. Findings are discussed in context of combined stress-induced signaling in regulation of root development in contrast to As and Hpx alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Romy R. Schmidt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Shanti S. Sharma
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Thibivilliers S, Farmer A, Libault M. Biological and Cellular Functions of the Microdomain-Associated FWL/CNR Protein Family in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030377. [PMID: 32204387 PMCID: PMC7154862 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane microdomains/nanodomains are sub-compartments of the plasma membrane enriched in sphingolipids and characterized by their unique protein composition. They play important roles in regulating plant development and plant-microbe interactions including mutualistic symbiotic interactions. Several protein families are associated with the microdomain fraction of biological membranes such as flotillins, prohibitins, and remorins. More recently, GmFWL1, a FWL/CNR protein exclusively expressed in the soybean nodule, was functionally characterized as a new microdomain-associated protein. Interestingly, GmFWL1 is homologous to the tomato FW2-2 protein, a major regulator of tomato fruit development. In this review, we summarize the knowledge gained about the biological, cellular, and physiological functions of members of the FWL/CNR family across various plant species. The role of the FWL/CNR proteins is also discussed within the scope of their evolution and transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA;
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA;
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-4530
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dynamics and Endocytosis of Flot1 in Arabidopsis Require CPI1 Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051552. [PMID: 32106431 PMCID: PMC7084554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane microdomains are nano-scale domains (10–200 nm) enriched in sterols and sphingolipids. They have many important biological functions, including vesicle transport, endocytosis, and pathogen invasion. A previous study reported that the membrane microdomain-associated protein Flotillin1 (Flot1) was involved in plant development in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, whether sterols affect the plant immunity conveyed by Flot1 is unknown. Here, we showed that the root length in sterol-deficient cyclopropylsterol isomerase 1 (cpi1-1) mutants expressing Flot1 was significantly shorter than in control seedlings. The cotyledon epidermal cells in cpi1-1 mutants expressing Flot1 were smaller than in controls. Moreover, variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (VA-TIRFM) and single-particle tracking (SPT) analysis demonstrated that the long-distance Flot1-GFP movement was decreased significantly in cpi1-1 mutants compared with the control seedlings. Meanwhile, the value of the diffusion coefficient Ĝ was dramatically decreased in cpi1-1 mutants after flagelin22 (flg22) treatment compared with the control seedlings, indicating that sterols affect the lateral mobility of Flot1-GFP within the plasma membrane. Importantly, using confocal microscopy, we determined that the endocytosis of Flot1-GFP was decreased in cpi1-1 mutants, which was confirmed by fluorescence cross spectroscopy (FCS) analysis. Hence, these results demonstrate that sterol composition plays a critical role in the plant defense responses of Flot1.
Collapse
|
17
|
Korver RA, van den Berg T, Meyer AJ, Galvan‐Ampudia CS, ten Tusscher KH, Testerink C. Halotropism requires phospholipase Dζ1-mediated modulation of cellular polarity of auxin transport carriers. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:143-158. [PMID: 31430837 PMCID: PMC6972530 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis and relocalization of auxin carriers represent important mechanisms for adaptive plant growth and developmental responses. Both root gravitropism and halotropism have been shown to be dependent on relocalization of auxin transporters. Following their homology to mammalian phospholipase Ds (PLDs), plant PLDζ-type enzymes are likely candidates to regulate auxin carrier endocytosis. We investigated root tropic responses for an Arabidopsis pldζ1-KO mutant and its effect on the dynamics of two auxin transporters during salt stress, that is, PIN2 and AUX1. We found altered root growth and halotropic and gravitropic responses in the absence of PLDζ1 and report a role for PLDζ1 in the polar localization of PIN2. Additionally, irrespective of the genetic background, salt stress induced changes in AUX1 polarity. Utilizing our previous computational model, we found that these novel salt-induced AUX1 changes contribute to halotropic auxin asymmetry. We also report the formation of "osmotic stress-induced membrane structures." These large membrane structures are formed at the plasma membrane shortly after NaCl or sorbitol treatment and have a prolonged presence in a pldζ1 mutant. Taken together, these results show a crucial role for PLDζ1 in both ionic and osmotic stress-induced auxin carrier dynamics during salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruud A. Korver
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Thea van den Berg
- Theoretical Biology, Department of BiologyUtrecht University3584CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - A. Jessica Meyer
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Carlos S. Galvan‐Ampudia
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Christa Testerink
- Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1098XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kato M, Tsuge T, Maeshima M, Aoyama T. Arabidopsis PCaP2 modulates the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate signal on the plasma membrane and attenuates root hair elongation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:610-625. [PMID: 30604455 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2 ] serves as a subcellular signal on the plasma membrane, mediating various cell-polarized phenomena including polar cell growth. Here, we investigated the involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana PCaP2, a plant-unique plasma membrane protein with phosphoinositide-binding activity, in PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling for root hair tip growth. The long-root-hair phenotype of the pcap2 knockdown mutant was found to stem from its higher average root hair elongation rate compared with the wild type and to counteract the low average rate caused by a defect in the PtdIns(4,5)P2 -producing enzyme gene PIP5K3. On the plasma membrane of elongating root hairs, the PCaP2 promoter-driven PCaP2-green fluorescent protein (GFP), which complemented the pcap2 mutant phenotype, overlapped with the PtdIns(4,5)P2 marker 2xCHERRY-2xPHPLC in the subapical region, but not at the apex, suggesting that PCaP2 attenuates root hair elongation via PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling on the subapical plasma membrane. Consistent with this, a GFP fusion with the PCaP2 phosphoinositide-binding domain PCaP2N23 , root hair-specific overexpression of which caused a low average root hair elongation rate, localized more intense to the subapical plasma membrane than to the apical plasma membrane similar to PCaP2-GFP. Inducibly overexpressed PCaP2-GFP, but not its derivative lacking the PCaP2N23 domain, replaced 2xCHERRY-2xPHPLC on the plasma membrane in root meristematic epidermal cells, and suppressed FM4-64 internalization in elongating root hairs. Moreover, inducibly overexpressed PCaP2 arrested an endocytic process of PIN2-GFP recycling. Based on these results, we conclude that PCaP2 functions as a negative modulator of PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling on the subapical plasma membrane probably through competitive binding to PtdIns(4,5)P2 and attenuates root hair elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tsuge
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang HM, Devine LB, Xia X, Offler CE, Patrick JW. Ethylene and hydrogen peroxide regulate formation of a sterol-enriched domain essential for wall labyrinth assembly in transfer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1469-1482. [PMID: 30649402 PMCID: PMC6411373 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells (TCs) facilitate high rates of nutrient transport into, and within, the plant body. Their transport function is conferred by polarized wall ingrowth papillae, deposited upon a specialized uniform wall layer, that form a scaffold supporting an amplified area of plasma membrane enriched in nutrient transporters. We explored the question of whether lipid-enriched domains of the TC plasma membrane could serve as organizational platforms for proteins regulating the construction of the intricate TC wall labyrinth using developing Vicia faba cotyledons. When these cotyledons are placed in culture, their adaxial epidermal cells trans-differentiate to a TC phenotype regulated by auxin, ethylene, extracellular hydrogen peroxide (apoH2O2), and cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) arranged in series. Staining cultured cotyledons with the sterol-specific dye, Filipin III, detected a polarized sterol-enriched domain in the plasma membrane of their trans-differentiating epidermal transfer cells (ETCs). Ethylene activated sterol biosynthesis while extracellular apoH2O2 directed sterol-enriched vesicles to fuse with the outer periclinal region of the ETC plasma membrane. The sterol-enriched domain was essential for generating the [Ca2+]cyt signal and orchestrating construction of both the uniform wall layer and wall ingrowth papillae. A model is presented outlining how the sterol-enriched plasma membrane domain forms and functions to regulate wall labyrinth assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Zhang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - Luke B Devine
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - Christina E Offler
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: or
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Castillo N, Pastor V, Chávez Á, Arró M, Boronat A, Flors V, Ferrer A, Altabella T. Inactivation of UDP-Glucose Sterol Glucosyltransferases Enhances Arabidopsis Resistance to Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1162. [PMID: 31611892 PMCID: PMC6776639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Free and glycosylated sterols are both structural components of the plasma membrane that regulate their biophysical properties and consequently different plasma membrane-associated processes such as plant adaptation to stress or signaling. Several reports relate changes in glycosylated sterols levels with the plant response to abiotic stress, but the information about the role of these compounds in the response to biotic stress is scarce. In this work, we have studied the response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea in an Arabidopsis mutant that is severely impaired in steryl glycosides biosynthesis due to the inactivation of the two sterol glucosyltransferases (UGT80A2 and UGT80B1) reported in this plant. This mutant exhibits enhanced resistance against B. cinerea when compared to wild-type plants, which correlates with increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and up-regulation of two marker genes (PDF1.2 and PR4) of the ERF branch of the JA signaling pathway. Upon B. cinerea infection, the ugt80A2;B1 double mutant also accumulates higher levels of camalexin, the major Arabidopsis phytoalexin, than wild-type plants. Camalexin accumulation correlates with enhanced transcript levels of several cytochrome P450 camalexin biosynthetic genes, as well as of their transcriptional regulators WRKY33, ANAC042, and MYB51, suggesting that the Botrytis-induced accumulation of camalexin is coordinately regulated at the transcriptional level. After fungus infection, the expression of genes involved in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis is also up-regulated at a higher degree in the ugt80A2;B1 mutant than in wild-type plants. Altogether, the results of this study show that glycosylated sterols play an important role in the regulation of Arabidopsis response to B. cinerea infection and suggest that this occurs through signaling pathways involving the canonical stress-hormone JA and the tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites camalexin and possibly also indole glucosinolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Castillo
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Ángel Chávez
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Arró
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Boronat
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, ; Albert Ferrer,
| | - Teresa Altabella
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Teresa Altabella, ; Albert Ferrer,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kohanová J, Martinka M, Vaculík M, White PJ, Hauser MT, Lux A. Root hair abundance impacts cadmium accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:903-914. [PMID: 29394308 PMCID: PMC6215042 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root hairs increase the contact area of roots with soil and thereby enhance the capacity for solute uptake. The strict hair/non-hair pattern of Arabidopsis thaliana can change with nutrient deficiency or exposure to toxic elements, which modify root hair density. The effects of root hair density on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in shoots of arabidopsis genotypes with altered root hair development and patterning were studied. METHODS Arabidopsis mutants that are unable to develop root hairs (rhd6-1 and cpc/try) or produce hairy roots (wer/myb23) were compared with the ecotype Columbia (Col-0). Plants were cultivated on nutrient agar for 2 weeks with or without Cd. Cadmium was applied as Cd(NO3)2 at two concentrations, 10 and 100 µm. Shoot biomass, root characteristics (primary root length, lateral root number, lateral root length and root hair density) and Cd concentrations in shoots were assessed. Anatomical features (suberization of the endodermis and development of the xylem) that might influence Cd uptake and translocation were also examined. KEY RESULTS Cadmium inhibited plant growth and reduced root length and the number of lateral roots and root hairs per plant. Suberin lamellae in the root endodermis and xylem differentiation developed closer to the root apex in plants exposed to 100 µm Cd. The latter effect was genotype dependent. Shoot Cd accumulation was correlated with root hair abundance when plants were grown in the presence of 10 µm Cd, but not when grown in the presence of 100 µm Cd, in which treatment the development of suberin lamellae closer to the root tip appeared to restrict Cd accumulation in shoots. CONCLUSIONS Root hair density can have a large effect on Cd accumulation in shoots, suggesting that the symplasmic pathway might play a significant role in the uptake and accumulation of this toxic element.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kohanová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Martinka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Philip J White
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Programme, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Grosjean K, Der C, Robert F, Thomas D, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Gerbeau-Pissot P. Interactions between lipids and proteins are critical for organization of plasma membrane-ordered domains in tobacco BY-2 cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3545-3557. [PMID: 29722895 PMCID: PMC6022670 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The laterally heterogeneous plant plasma membrane (PM) is organized into finely controlled specialized areas that include membrane-ordered domains. Recently, the spatial distribution of such domains within the PM has been identified as playing a key role in cell responses to environmental challenges. To examine membrane order at a local level, BY-2 tobacco suspension cell PMs were labelled with an environment-sensitive probe (di-4-ANEPPDHQ). Four experimental models were compared to identify mechanisms and cell components involved in short-term (1 h) maintenance of the ordered domain organization in steady-state cell PMs: modulation of the cytoskeleton or the cell wall integrity of tobacco BY-2 cells; and formation of giant vesicles using either a lipid mixture of tobacco BY-2 cell PMs or the original lipid and protein combinations of the tobacco BY-2 cell PM. Whilst inhibiting phosphorylation or disrupting either the cytoskeleton or the cell wall had no observable effects, we found that lipids and proteins significantly modified both the abundance and spatial distribution of ordered domains. This indicates the involvement of intrinsic membrane components in the local physical state of the plant PM. Our findings support a major role for the 'lipid raft' model, defined as the sterol-dependent ordered assemblies of specific lipids and proteins in plant PM organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Grosjean
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Der
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Franck Robert
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Konrad KR, Maierhofer T, Hedrich R. Spatio-temporal Aspects of Ca2+ Signalling: Lessons from Guard Cells and Pollen Tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986225. [PMID: 29701811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) serve to transmit information in eukaryotic cells. The involvement of this second messenger in plant cell growth as well as osmotic- and water relations is well established. After almost 40 years of intense research on the coding and decoding of plant Ca2+ signals, numerous proteins involved in Ca2+ action have been identified. However, we are still far from understanding the complexity of Ca2+ networks. New in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques combined with molecular genetics allow visualisation of spatio-temporal aspects of Ca2+ signalling. In parallel, cell biology together with protein biochemistry and electrophysiology are able to dissect information processing by this second messenger in space and time. Here we focus on the time-resolved changes in cellular events upon Ca2+ signals, concentrating on the two best-studied cell types, pollen tubes and guard cells. We put their signalling networks side by side, compare them with those of other cell types and discuss rapid signalling in the context of Ca2+ transients and oscillations to regulate ion homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Maierhofer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Han B, Yang N, Pu H, Wang T. Quantitative Proteomics and Cytology of Rice Pollen Sterol-Rich Membrane Domains Reveals Pre-established Cell Polarity Cues in Mature Pollen. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1532-1546. [PMID: 29508613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Pu
- Bruker Daltonics Inc. (China), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nakamura M, Grebe M. Outer, inner and planar polarity in the Arabidopsis root. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:46-53. [PMID: 28869926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots control uptake of water and nutrients and cope with environmental challenges. The root epidermis provides the first selective interface for nutrient absorption, while the endodermis produces the main apoplastic diffusion barrier in the form of a structure called the Casparian strip. The positioning of root hairs on epidermal cells, and of the Casparian strip around endodermal cells, requires asymmetries along cellular axes (cell polarity). Cell polarity is termed planar polarity, when coordinated within the plane of a given tissue layer. Here, we review recent molecular advances towards understanding both the polar positioning of the proteo-lipid membrane domain instructing root hair initiation, and the cytoskeletal, trafficking and polar tethering requirements of proteins at outer or inner plasma membrane domains. Finally, we highlight progress towards understanding mechanisms of Casparian strip formation and underlying endodermal cell polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritaka Nakamura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sena F, Sotelo-Silveira M, Astrada S, Botella MA, Malacrida L, Borsani O. Spectral phasor analysis reveals altered membrane order and function of root hair cells in Arabidopsis dry2/sqe1-5 drought hypersensitive mutant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:224-231. [PMID: 28910707 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes allow the regulation of numerous cellular processes, which are affected when unfavorable environmental factors are perceived. Lipids and proteins are the principal components of biological membranes. Each lipid has unique biophysical properties, and, therefore the lipid composition of the membrane is critical to maintaining the bilayer structure and functionality. Membrane composition and integrity are becoming the focus of studies aiming to understand how plants adapt to its environment. In this study, using a combination of di-4-ANEPPDHQ fluorescence and spectral phasor analysis, we report that the drought hypersensitive/squalene epoxidase (dry2/sqe1-5) mutant with reduced major sterols such as sitosterol and stigmasterol in roots presented higher membrane fluidity than the wild type. Moreover, analysis of endomembrane dynamics showed that vesicle formation was affected in dry2/sqe1-5. Further analysis of proteins associated with sterol rich micro domains showed that dry2/sqe1-5 presented micro domains function altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Sena
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | | | - Miguel A Botella
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Leonel Malacrida
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo-Uruguay, Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur of Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Omar Borsani
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Agronomía, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu M, Liu H, Dong Z, Xiao J, Su B, Fan L, Komis G, Šamaj J, Lin J, Li R. The dynamics and endocytosis of Flot1 protein in response to flg22 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 215:73-84. [PMID: 28582732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane microdomains play vital roles in the process of bacterial infection. The membrane microdomain-associated protein Flot1 acts in an endocytic pathway and is required for seedling development, however, whether Flot1 is a part of host defense mechanisms remains unknown. During an analysis of callose deposition, we found that Flot1 amiRNAi mutants exhibited defects in response to flg22. Using variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (VA-TIRFM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and fluorescence cross spectroscopy (FCS), we determined that the dynamic behavior of GFP-Flot1 in Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon epidermal cells changed significantly in plants treated with the elicitor flg22. Moreover, we found that Flot1 was constitutively recycled via an endocytic pathway and that flg22 could promote endocytosis. Importantly, targeting of Flot1 to the late endosome/vacuole for degradation increased in response to flg22 treatment; immunoblot analysis showed that when triggered by flg22, GFP-Flot1 was gradually degraded in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that the changing of dynamics and oligomeric states can promote the endocytosis and degradation of Flot1 under flg22 treatment in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyi Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bodan Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lusheng Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - George Komis
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 78301, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 78301, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ferrer A, Altabella T, Arró M, Boronat A. Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
López M, Muñoz N, Lascano HR, Izaguirre-Mayoral ML. The seed-borne Southern bean mosaic virus hinders the early events of nodulation and growth in Rhizobium-inoculated Phaseolus vulgaris L. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:208-218. [PMID: 32480558 DOI: 10.1071/fp16180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To simulate seed-borne virus transmission, a noninvasive protocol was designed to infect the radicle of germinating seeds, with 100% effectiveness. Preinfection of 24-h-old black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) radicles by Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) followed by Rhizobium inoculation 48h later caused a drastic reduction in root nodulation. Results were attributed to active virus replication within the elongating zone of the radicle at least 32h before Rhizobium inoculation, which elicited severe anatomical malformations; an abnormal accumulation of apoplastic reactive oxygen species in the rhizodermis, cortex, inner cortical and endodermic root cells; the formation of atypical root hair tips and the collapse of 94% of the root hairs in the SBMV-preinfected radicles. Adult SBMV-preinfected plants showed exacerbated virus symptoms and 80% growth reduction ascribed to major virus-induced ultrastructural alterations in the nodules. The accumulation of ureides, α-amino acids and total reducing sugars in the leaves and nodules of SBMV-preinfected plants are indicators of the hindering effects of SBMV infection on N2 fixation and ureide catabolism, causing N starvation. The exogenous addition of 1 or 4μM naringenin, genistein or daidzein did not counteract the deleterious effects of SBMV preinfection on nodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariadaniela López
- Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Postgrado de Agronomia, Laboratorio de Virologia, Barquisimeto 03023, Venezuela
| | - Nacira Muñoz
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 5119 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hernan Ramiro Lascano
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, 5119 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Izaguirre-Mayoral
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular, apartado postal 21827 Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Griffing LR, Lin C, Perico C, White RR, Sparkes I. Plant ER geometry and dynamics: biophysical and cytoskeletal control during growth and biotic response. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:43-56. [PMID: 26862751 PMCID: PMC5216105 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-0945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intricate and dynamic network of membrane tubules and cisternae. In plant cells, the ER 'web' pervades the cortex and endoplasm and is continuous with adjacent cells as it passes through plasmodesmata. It is therefore the largest membranous organelle in plant cells. It performs essential functions including protein and lipid synthesis, and its morphology and movement are linked to cellular function. An emerging trend is that organelles can no longer be seen as discrete membrane-bound compartments, since they can physically interact and 'communicate' with one another. The ER may form a connecting central role in this process. This review tackles our current understanding and quantification of ER dynamics and how these change under a variety of biotic and developmental cues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R Griffing
- Biology Department, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Congping Lin
- Mathematics Research Institute, Harrison Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Chiara Perico
- Biosciences, CLES, Exeter University, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rhiannon R White
- Biosciences, CLES, Exeter University, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Imogen Sparkes
- Biosciences, CLES, Exeter University, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Rd, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Klíma P, Laňková M, Zažímalová E. Inhibitors of plant hormone transport. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1391-1404. [PMID: 26494150 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present an overview of what is known about endogenous plant compounds that act as inhibitors of hormonal transport processes in plants, about their identity and mechanism of action. We have also summarized commonly and less commonly used compounds of non-plant origin and synthetic drugs that show at least partial 'specificity' to transport or transporters of particular phytohormones. Our main attention is focused on the inhibitors of auxin transport. The urgent need to understand precisely the molecular mechanism of action of these inhibitors is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klíma
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Laňková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Zažímalová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Deng S, Wei T, Tan K, Hu M, Li F, Zhai Y, Ye S, Xiao Y, Hou L, Pei Y, Luo M. Phytosterol content and the campesterol:sitosterol ratio influence cotton fiber development: role of phytosterols in cell elongation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:183-93. [PMID: 26803301 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols play an important role in plant growth and development, including cell division, cell elongation, embryogenesis, cellulose biosynthesis, and cell wall formation. Cotton fiber, which undergoes synchronous cell elongation and a large amount of cellulose synthesis, is an ideal model for the study of plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis. The role of phytosterols in fiber growth was investigated by treating the fibers with tridemorph, a sterol biosynthetic inhibitor. The inhibition of phytosterol biosynthesis resulted in an apparent suppression of fiber elongation in vitro or in planta. The determination of phytosterol quantity indicated that sitosterol and campesterol were the major phytosterols in cotton fibers; moreover, higher concentrations of these phytosterols were observed during the period of rapid elongation of fibers. Furthermore, the decrease and increase in campesterol:sitosterol ratio was associated with the increase and decease in speed of elongation, respectively, during the elongation stage. The increase in the ratio was associated with the transition from cell elongation to secondary cell wall synthesis. In addition, a number of phytosterol biosynthetic genes were down-regulated in the short fibers of ligon lintless-1 mutant, compared to its near-isogenic wild-type TM-1. These results demonstrated that phytosterols play a crucial role in cotton fiber development, and particularly in fiber elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Kunling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Mingyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yunlan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Shue Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yuehua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stanislas T, Hüser A, Barbosa ICR, Kiefer CS, Brackmann K, Pietra S, Gustavsson A, Zourelidou M, Schwechheimer C, Grebe M. Arabidopsis D6PK is a lipid domain-dependent mediator of root epidermal planar polarity. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15162. [PMID: 27251533 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of diverse multicellular organisms relies on coordination of single-cell polarities within the plane of the tissue layer (planar polarity). Cell polarity often involves plasma membrane heterogeneity generated by accumulation of specific lipids and proteins into membrane subdomains. Coordinated hair positioning along Arabidopsis root epidermal cells provides a planar polarity model in plants, but knowledge about the functions of proteo-lipid domains in planar polarity signalling remains limited. Here we show that Rho-of-plant (ROP) 2 and 6, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 3 (PIP5K3), DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN (DRP) 1A and DRP2B accumulate in a sterol-enriched, polar membrane domain during root hair initiation. DRP1A, DRP2B, PIP5K3 and sterols are required for planar polarity and the AGCVIII kinase D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) is a modulator of this process. D6PK undergoes phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate- and sterol-dependent basal-to-planar polarity switching into the polar, lipid-enriched domain just before hair formation, unravelling lipid-dependent D6PK localization during late planar polarity signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stanislas
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anke Hüser
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inês C R Barbosa
- Technische Universität München, Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4,DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian S Kiefer
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klaus Brackmann
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefano Pietra
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustavsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melina Zourelidou
- Technische Universität München, Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4,DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Technische Universität München, Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4,DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Grebe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sekereš J, Pleskot R, Pejchar P, Žárský V, Potocký M. The song of lipids and proteins: dynamic lipid-protein interfaces in the regulation of plant cell polarity at different scales. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1587-98. [PMID: 25716697 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Successful establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is crucial for many aspects of plant development, cellular morphogenesis, response to pathogen attack, and reproduction. Polar cell growth depends on integrating membrane and cell-wall dynamics with signal transduction pathways, changes in ion membrane transport, and regulation of vectorial vesicle trafficking and the dynamic actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we address the critical importance of protein-membrane crosstalk in the determination of plant cell polarity and summarize the role of membrane lipids, particularly minor acidic phospholipids, in regulation of the membrane traffic. We focus on the protein-membrane interface dynamics and discuss the current state of knowledge on three partially overlapping levels of descriptions. Finally, due to their multiscale and interdisciplinary nature, we stress the crucial importance of combining different strategies ranging from microscopic methods to computational modelling in protein-membrane studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Sekereš
- 1 Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic 2 Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pleskot
- 1 Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- 1 Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Žárský
- 1 Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic 2 Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 5, 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Potocký
- 1 Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Moscatelli A, Gagliardi A, Maneta-Peyret L, Bini L, Stroppa N, Onelli E, Landi C, Scali M, Idilli AI, Moreau P. Characterisation of detergent-insoluble membranes in pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum (L.). Biol Open 2015; 4:378-99. [PMID: 25701665 PMCID: PMC4359744 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen tubes are the vehicle for sperm cell delivery to the embryo sac during fertilisation of Angiosperms. They provide an intriguing model for unravelling mechanisms of growing to extremes. The asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins in the pollen tube plasma membrane modulates ion fluxes and actin dynamics and is maintained by a delicate equilibrium between exocytosis and endocytosis. The structural constraints regulating polarised secretion and asymmetric protein distribution on the plasma membrane are mostly unknown. To address this problem, we investigated whether ordered membrane microdomains, namely membrane rafts, might contribute to sperm cell delivery. Detergent insoluble membranes, rich in sterols and sphingolipids, were isolated from tobacco pollen tubes. MALDI TOF/MS analysis revealed that actin, prohibitins and proteins involved in methylation reactions and in phosphoinositide pattern regulation are specifically present in pollen tube detergent insoluble membranes. Tubulins, voltage-dependent anion channels and proteins involved in membrane trafficking and signalling were also present. This paper reports the first evidence of membrane rafts in Angiosperm pollen tubes, opening new perspectives on the coordination of signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and polarised secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moscatelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Assunta Gagliardi
- Laboratorio di Proteomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Luca Bini
- Laboratorio di Proteomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nadia Stroppa
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Onelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Landi
- Laboratorio di Proteomica Funzionale, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Scali
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aurora Irene Idilli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy Present address: Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council and FBK, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Patrick Moreau
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao X, Li R, Lu C, Baluška F, Wan Y. Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, a fluorescent probe for the visualisation of membrane microdomains in living Arabidopsis thaliana cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 87:53-60. [PMID: 25549979 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-enriched microdomains, also called lipid rafts, are nanoscale membrane structures with a high degree of structural order. Since these microdomains play important roles in dynamic cytological events, such as cell signalling and membrane trafficking, the detection and tracking of microdomain behaviours are crucial to studies on modern membrane physiology. Currently, observation of microdomains is mostly based on the detection of specific raft-resident constituents using artificial cross-link fluorescent probes. However, only a few microdomain-specific fluorescent dyes are available for plant cell biology studies. In this study, the photophysical properties of di-4-ANEPPDHQ were analysed. The use of confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)-based methods in the visualisation of microdomains in living cells of Arabidopsis thaliana was assessed. The results confirmed that the generalised polarisation (GP) method can be used to quantitatively visualise the membrane orders in live plant cells. This dye was found to have low cytotoxicity in plant root epidermal cells and root hairs. These findings suggest that di-4-ANEPPDHQ is an appropriate tool for the visualisation of microdomains in living plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cunfu Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D53115, Germany.
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
von Wangenheim D, Rosero A, Komis G, Šamajová O, Ovečka M, Voigt B, Šamaj J. Endosomal Interactions during Root Hair Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1262. [PMID: 26858728 PMCID: PMC4731515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic localization of endosomal compartments labeled with targeted fluorescent protein tags is routinely followed by time lapse fluorescence microscopy approaches and single particle tracking algorithms. In this way trajectories of individual endosomes can be mapped and linked to physiological processes as cell growth. However, other aspects of dynamic behavior including endosomal interactions are difficult to follow in this manner. Therefore, we characterized the localization and dynamic properties of early and late endosomes throughout the entire course of root hair formation by means of spinning disc time lapse imaging and post-acquisition automated multitracking and quantitative analysis. Our results show differential motile behavior of early and late endosomes and interactions of late endosomes that may be specified to particular root hair domains. Detailed data analysis revealed a particular transient interaction between late endosomes-termed herein as dancing-endosomes-which is not concluding to vesicular fusion. Endosomes preferentially located in the root hair tip interacted as dancing-endosomes and traveled short distances during this interaction. Finally, sizes of early and late endosomes were addressed by means of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) to corroborate measurements on the spinning disc. This is a first study providing quantitative microscopic data on dynamic spatio-temporal interactions of endosomes during root hair tip growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel von Wangenheim
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Amparo Rosero
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Voigt
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Jozef Šamaj
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao X, Zhang X, Qu Y, Li R, Baluška F, Wan Y. Mapping of Membrane Lipid Order in Root Apex Zones of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1151. [PMID: 26734047 PMCID: PMC4685293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used the fluorescence probe, Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, to map the distribution of membrane lipid order in the apical region of Arabidopsis roots. The generalized polarization (GP) value of Di-4-ANEPPDHQ-stained roots indicated the highest lipid order in the root transition zone (RTZ). The cortical cells have higher lipid order than the epidermal cells in same regions, while the developing root hairs show very prominent cell polarity with high lipid order in apical region. Moreover, the endosomes had lower lipid order than that of the plasma membrane (PM). Brefeldin A (BFA) treatment decreased the lipid order in both the plasma and endosomal membranes of epidermal cells in the RTZ. The lipid order of BFA-induced compartments became higher than that of the PM after BFA treatment in epidermal cells. Meanwhile, the polarly growing tips of root hairs did not show the same behavior. The lipid order of the PM remained unchanged, with higher values than that of the endosomes. This suggests that the lipid ordering in the PM was affected by recycling of endosomal vesicles in epidermal cells of the root apex transition zone but not in the root hairs of Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Xiran Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yanli Qu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Ruili Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglang Wan,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Onelli E, Idilli AI, Moscatelli A. Emerging roles for microtubules in angiosperm pollen tube growth highlight new research cues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25713579 PMCID: PMC4322846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, actin filaments have an important role in organelle movement and cytoplasmic streaming. Otherwise microtubules (MTs) have a role in restricting organelles to specific areas of the cell and in maintaining organelle morphology. In somatic plant cells, MTs also participate in cell division and morphogenesis, allowing cells to take their definitive shape in order to perform specific functions. In the latter case, MTs influence assembly of the cell wall, controlling the delivery of enzymes involved in cellulose synthesis and of wall modulation material to the proper sites. In angiosperm pollen tubes, organelle movement is generally attributed to the acto-myosin system, the main role of which is in distributing organelles in the cytoplasm and in carrying secretory vesicles to the apex for polarized growth. Recent data on membrane trafficking suggests a role of MTs in fine delivery and repositioning of vesicles to sustain pollen tube growth. This review examines the role of MTs in secretion and endocytosis, highlighting new research cues regarding cell wall construction and pollen tube-pistil crosstalk, that help unravel the role of MTs in polarized growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora I. Idilli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moscatelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Moscatelli, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 26, 20113 Milano, Italy e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Berson T, von Wangenheim D, Takáč T, Šamajová O, Rosero A, Ovečka M, Komis G, Stelzer EHK, Šamaj J. Trans-Golgi network localized small GTPase RabA1d is involved in cell plate formation and oscillatory root hair growth. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:252. [PMID: 25260869 PMCID: PMC4180857 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small Rab GTPases are important regulators of vesicular trafficking in plants. AtRabA1d, a member of the RabA1 subfamily of small GTPases, was previously found in the vesicle-rich apical dome of growing root hairs suggesting a role during tip growth; however, its specific intracellular localization and role in plants has not been well described. RESULTS The transient expression of 35S::GFP:RabA1d construct in Allium porrum and Nicotiana benthamiana revealed vesicular structures, which were further corroborated in stable transformed Arabidopsis thaliana plants. GFP-RabA1d colocalized with the trans-Golgi network marker mCherry-VTI12 and with early FM4-64-labeled endosomal compartments. Late endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum labeled with FYVE-DsRed and ER-DsRed, respectively, were devoid of GFP-RabA1d. The accumulation of GFP-RabA1d in the core of brefeldin A (BFA)-induced-compartments and the quantitative upregulation of RabA1d protein levels after BFA treatment confirmed the association of RabA1d with early endosomes/TGN and its role in vesicle trafficking. Light-sheet microscopy revealed involvement of RabA1d in root development. In root cells, GFP-RabA1d followed cell plate expansion consistently with cytokinesis-related vesicular trafficking and membrane recycling. GFP-RabA1d accumulated in disc-like structures of nascent cell plates, which progressively evolved to marginal ring-like structures of the growing cell plates. During root hair growth and development, GFP-RabA1d was enriched at root hair bulges and at the apical dome of vigorously elongating root hairs. Importantly, GFP-RabA1d signal intensity exhibited an oscillatory behavior in-phase with tip growth. Progressively, this tip localization dissapeared in mature root hairs suggesting a link between tip localization of RabA1d and root hair elongation. Our results support a RabA1d role in events that require vigorous membrane trafficking. CONCLUSIONS RabA1d is located in early endosomes/TGN and is involved in vesicle trafficking. RabA1d participates in both cell plate formation and root hair oscillatory tip growth. The specific GFP-RabA1d subcellular localization confirms a correlation between its specific spatio-temporal accumulation and local vesicle trafficking requirements during cell plate and root hair formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Berson
- />Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, D-53115 Germany
| | - Daniel von Wangenheim
- />Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Amparo Rosero
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - George Komis
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Ernst HK Stelzer
- />Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- />Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, Olomouc, 783 71 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Grierson C, Nielsen E, Ketelaarc T, Schiefelbein J. Root hairs. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2014; 12:e0172. [PMID: 24982600 PMCID: PMC4075452 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Roots hairs are cylindrical extensions of root epidermal cells that are important for acquisition of nutrients, microbe interactions, and plant anchorage. The molecular mechanisms involved in the specification, differentiation, and physiology of root hairs in Arabidopsis are reviewed here. Root hair specification in Arabidopsis is determined by position-dependent signaling and molecular feedback loops causing differential accumulation of a WD-bHLH-Myb transcriptional complex. The initiation of root hairs is dependent on the RHD6 bHLH gene family and auxin to define the site of outgrowth. Root hair elongation relies on polarized cell expansion at the growing tip, which involves multiple integrated processes including cell secretion, endomembrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell wall modifications. The study of root hair biology in Arabidopsis has provided a model cell type for insights into many aspects of plant development and cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1UG
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Tijs Ketelaarc
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ichikawa M, Hirano T, Enami K, Fuselier T, Kato N, Kwon C, Voigt B, Schulze-Lefert P, Baluška F, Sato MH. Syntaxin of plant proteins SYP123 and SYP132 mediate root hair tip growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:790-800. [PMID: 24642714 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are fast-growing tubular protrusions on root epidermal cells that play important roles in water and nutrient uptake in plants. The tip-focused polarized growth of root hairs is accomplished by the secretion of newly synthesized materials to the tip via the polarized membrane trafficking mechanism. Here, we report the function of two different types of plasma membrane (PM) Qa-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), SYP123 and SYP132, in the growth of root hair in Arabidopsis. We found that SYP123, but not SYP132, localizes in the tip region of root hairs by recycling between the brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive endosomes and the PM of the expanding tip in an F-actin-dependent manner. The vesicle-associated membrane proteins VAMP721/722/724 also exhibited tip-focused localization in root hairs and formed ternary SNARE complexes with both SYP123 and SYP132. These results demonstrate that SYP123 and SYP132 act in a coordinated fashion to mediate tip-focused membrane trafficking for root hair tip growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Ichikawa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamonakaragi-cho 1-5, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sharfman M, Bar M, Schuster S, Leibman M, Avni A. Sterol-dependent induction of plant defense responses by a microbe-associated molecular pattern from Trichoderma viride. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:819-27. [PMID: 24351686 PMCID: PMC3912108 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.230136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions involve numerous regulatory systems essential for plant defense against pathogens. An ethylene-inducing xylanase (Eix) of Trichoderma viride is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses in specific cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). We demonstrate that tomato cyclopropyl isomerase (SlCPI), an enzyme involved in sterol biosynthesis, interacts with the LeEix2 receptor. Moreover, we examined the role of SlCPI in signaling during the LeEix/Eix defense response. We found that SlCPI is an important factor in the regulation of the induction of defense responses such as the hypersensitive response, ethylene biosynthesis, and the induction of pathogenesis-related protein expression in the case of LeEix/Eix. Our results also suggest that changes in the sterol composition reduce LeEix internalization, thereby attenuating the induction of plant defense responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miya Sharfman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Silvia Schuster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Meirav Leibman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Adi Avni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Witzel K, Matros A, Strickert M, Kaspar S, Peukert M, Mühling KH, Börner A, Mock HP. Salinity stress in roots of contrasting barley genotypes reveals time-distinct and genotype-specific patterns for defined proteins. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:336-55. [PMID: 24004485 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors threatening agriculture worldwide. Hence, particular interest exists in unraveling mechanisms leading to salt tolerance and improved crop plant performance on saline soils. Barley is considered to be one of the most salinity-tolerant crops, but varying levels of tolerance are well characterized. A proteomic analysis of the roots of two contrasting cultivars (cv. Steptoe and cv. Morex) is presented. Young plants were exposed to a period of 1, 4, 7, or 10 d at 0, 100, or 150 mM NaCl. The root proteome was analyzed based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A number of cultivar-specific and salinity stress-responsive proteins were identified. Mass spectrometry-based identification was successful for 74 proteins, and a hierarchical clustering analysis grouped these into five clusters based on similarity of expression profile. The rank product method was applied to statistically access the early and late responses, and this delivered a number of new candidate proteins underlying salinity tolerance in barley. Among these were some germin-like proteins, some pathogenesis-related proteins, and numerous as-yet uncharacterized proteins. Notably, proteins involved in detoxification pathways and terpenoid biosynthesis were detected as early responsive to salinity and may function as a means of modulating growth-regulating mechanisms and membrane stability via fine tuning of phytohormone and secondary metabolism in the root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Tip growth is one of the most preferable models in the study of plant cell polarity; cell wall deposition is restricted mainly to a certain area of the cell, and cell expansion at this specific area leads to the development of tubular outgrowth. Tip-growing root hairs are well-established systems for such studies, because their lateral position within the root makes them easily accessible for experimental approaches and microscopic observations. Fundamental structural and molecular processes driving tip growth are exocytosis, endocytosis, and all aspects of vesicular and endosomal dynamic trafficking, as related to targeted membrane flow. Study of vesicles and endosomes in living root hairs, however, is rather difficult, due to their small size and due to the resolution limits of conventional light microscopes. Here we present noninvasive approaches for visualizing vesicular and endosomal compartments in the tip of growing root hairs using electronic light microscopy, contrast-enhanced video light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). These methods allow utilizing the maximum resolution of the light microscope. Together with protocols for appropriate preparation of living plant samples, the described methods should help improve our understanding on how tiny vesicles and endosomes support the process of tip growth in root hairs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Stanislas T, Grebe M, Boutté Y. Sterol dynamics during endocytic trafficking in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1209:13-29. [PMID: 25117272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1420-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sterols are lipids found in membranes of eukaryotic cells. Functions of sterols have been demonstrated for various cellular processes including endocytic trafficking in animal, fungal, and plant cells. The ability to visualize sterols at the subcellular level is crucial to understand sterol distribution and function during endocytic trafficking. In plant cells, the polyene antibiotic filipin is the most extensively used tool for the specific detection of fluorescently labeled 3-β-hydroxysterols in situ. Filipin can to some extent be used to track sterol internalization in live cells, but this application is limited, due to the inhibitory effects filipin exerts on sterol-dependent endocytosis. Nevertheless, filipin-sterol labeling can be performed on aldehyde-fixed cells which allows for sterol detection in endocytic compartments. This approach can combine studies correlating sterol distribution with experimental manipulations of endocytic trafficking pathways. Here, we describe step-by-step protocols and troubleshooting for procedures on live and fixed cells to visualize sterols during endocytic trafficking. We also provide a detailed discussion of advantages and limitations of both methods. Moreover, we illustrate the use of the endocytic recycling inhibitor brefeldin A and a genetically modified version of one of its target molecules for studying endocytic sterol trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stanislas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, Umeå, 90 187, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Takáč T, Pechan T, Samajová O, Samaj J. Integrative chemical proteomics and cell biology methods to study endocytosis and vesicular trafficking in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1209:265-283. [PMID: 25117290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1420-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive approach combining proteomics and cell biology to study vesicular trafficking in plants. Within this approach, we exploit chemical compounds inhibiting particular vesicular trafficking events in plant cells. Treatment of plants with these relatively specific inhibitors results in intracellular accumulation of proteins being transported by vesicles as well as in a change in abundance of regulatory proteins. Such pharmacological inhibition allows for identification of key proteins, and for further detailed functional investigation using cell biological, molecular biological, and biochemical methods used for validation of proteomic results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Takáč
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Braidwood L, Breuer C, Sugimoto K. My body is a cage: mechanisms and modulation of plant cell growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:388-402. [PMID: 24033322 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
388 I. 388 II. 389 III. 389 IV. 390 V. 391 VI. 393 VII. 394 VIII. 398 399 References 399 SUMMARY: The wall surrounding plant cells provides protection from abiotic and biotic stresses, and support through the action of turgor pressure. However, the presence of this strong elastic wall also prevents cell movement and resists cell growth. This growth can be likened to extending a house from the inside, using extremely high pressures to push out the walls. Plants must increase cell volume in order to explore their environment, acquire nutrients and reproduce. Cell wall material must stretch and flow in a controlled manner and, concomitantly, new cell wall material must be deposited at the correct rate and site to prevent wall and cell rupture. In this review, we examine biomechanics, cell wall structure and growth regulatory networks to provide a 'big picture' of plant cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Braidwood
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chemical genomics: characterizing target pathways for bioactive compounds using the endomembrane trafficking network. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1174:317-28. [PMID: 24947392 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0944-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The plant endomembrane trafficking system is a highly complex set of processes. This complexity presents a challenge for its study. Classical plant genetics often struggles with loss-of-function lethality and gene redundancy. Chemical genomics allows overcoming many of these issues by using small molecules of natural or synthetic origin to inhibit specific trafficking proteins thereby affecting the processes in a tunable and reversible manner. Bioactive chemicals identified by high-throughput phenotype screens must be characterized in detail starting with understanding of the specific trafficking pathways affected. Here, we describe approaches to characterize bioactive compounds that perturb vesicle trafficking. This should equip researchers with practical knowledge on how to identify endomembrane-specific trafficking pathways that may be perturbed by specific compounds and will help to eventually identify molecular targets for these small molecules.
Collapse
|