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Ghazal M, Susloparova A, Lefebvre C, Daher Mansour M, Ghodhbane N, Melot A, Scholaert C, Guérin D, Janel S, Barois N, Colin M, Buée L, Yger P, Halliez S, Coffinier Y, Pecqueur S, Alibart F. Electropolymerization processing of side-chain engineered EDOT for high performance microelectrode arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115538. [PMID: 37506488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) are popular tools for in vitro extracellular recording. They are often optimized by surface engineering to improve affinity with neurons and guarantee higher recording quality and stability. Recently, PEDOT:PSS has been used to coat microelectrodes due to its good biocompatibility and low impedance, which enhances neural coupling. Herein, we investigate on electro-co-polymerization of EDOT with its triglymated derivative to control valence between monomer units and hydrophilic functions on a conducting polymer. Molecular packing, cation complexation, dopant stoichiometry are governed by the glycolation degree of the electro-active coating of the microelectrodes. Optimal monomer ratio allows fine-tuning the material hydrophilicity and biocompatibility without compromising the electrochemical impedance of microelectrodes nor their stability while interfaced with a neural cell culture. After incubation, sensing readout on the modified electrodes shows higher performances with respect to unmodified electropolymerized PEDOT, with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and higher spike counts on the same neural culture. Reported SNR values are superior to that of state-of-the-art PEDOT microelectrodes and close to that of state-of-the-art 3D microelectrodes, with a reduced fabrication complexity. Thanks to this versatile technique and its impact on the surface chemistry of the microelectrode, we show that electro-co-polymerization trades with many-compound properties to easily gather them into single macromolecular structures. Applied on sensor arrays, it holds great potential for the customization of neurosensors to adapt to environmental boundaries and to optimize extracted sensing features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghazal
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anna Susloparova
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Camille Lefebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Michel Daher Mansour
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Najami Ghodhbane
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Melot
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies & Nanosystèmes (LN2, UMI 3463) | CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, J1X0A5, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Corentin Scholaert
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France
| | - David Guérin
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Janel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Barois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Morvane Colin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Yger
- Plasticity & SubjectivitY Team, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Research Centre, University of Lille, INSERM U1172, Lille, France; Institut de La Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Sébastien Pecqueur
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Fabien Alibart
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN, UMR 8520) | Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 59000, Lille, France; Laboratoire Nanotechnologies & Nanosystèmes (LN2, UMI 3463) | CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, J1X0A5, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Ghazal M, Scholaert C, Dumortier C, Lefebvre C, Barois N, Janel S, Tarhan MC, Colin M, Buée L, Halliez S, Pecqueur S, Coffinier Y, Alibart F, Yger P. Precision of neuronal localization in 2D cell cultures by using high-performance electropolymerized microelectrode arrays correlated with optical imaging. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2023; 9. [PMID: 36745905 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/acb93e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the development of electronic devices to extracellularly record the simultaneous electrical activities of numerous neurons has been blooming, opening new possibilities to interface and decode neuronal activity. In this work, we tested how the use of EDOT electropolymerization to tune post-fabrication materials could optimize the cell/electrode interface of such devices. Our results showed an improved signal-to-noise ratio, better biocompatibility, and a higher number of neurons detected in comparison with gold electrodes. Then, using such enhanced recordings with 2D neuronal cultures combined with fluorescent optical imaging, we checked the extent to which the positions of the recorded neurons could be estimated solely via their extracellular signatures. Our results showed that assuming neurons behave as monopoles, positions could be estimated with a precision of approximately tens of micrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghazal
- Institut d'Électronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS, UMR 8520, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Corentin Scholaert
- Institut d'Électronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS, UMR 8520, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Corentin Dumortier
- Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (lilNCog)-U1172 (INSERM, Lille), Univ Lille, CHU Lille 59045 Lille, France
| | - Camille Lefebvre
- Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (lilNCog)-U1172 (INSERM, Lille), Univ Lille, CHU Lille 59045 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Barois
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Janel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mehmet Cagatay Tarhan
- Institut d'Électronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS, UMR 8520, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Morvane Colin
- Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (lilNCog)-U1172 (INSERM, Lille), Univ Lille, CHU Lille 59045 Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (lilNCog)-U1172 (INSERM, Lille), Univ Lille, CHU Lille 59045 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (lilNCog)-U1172 (INSERM, Lille), Univ Lille, CHU Lille 59045 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Pecqueur
- Institut d'Électronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS, UMR 8520, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- Institut d'Électronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS, UMR 8520, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Fabien Alibart
- Institut d'Électronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie (IEMN), CNRS, UMR 8520, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire Nanotechnologies & Nanosystèmes (LN2), CNRS, Université de Sherbrooke, J1X0A5, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Pierre Yger
- Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (lilNCog)-U1172 (INSERM, Lille), Univ Lille, CHU Lille 59045 Lille, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012 Paris, France
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Goshi N, Kim H, Girardi G, Gardner A, Seker E. Electrophysiological Activity of Primary Cortical Neuron-Glia Mixed Cultures. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050821. [PMID: 36899957 PMCID: PMC10001406 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a central role in many neurological disorders, ranging from traumatic brain injuries to neurodegeneration. Electrophysiological activity is an essential measure of neuronal function, which is influenced by neuroinflammation. In order to study neuroinflammation and its electrophysiological fingerprints, there is a need for in vitro models that accurately capture the in vivo phenomena. In this study, we employed a new tri-culture of primary rat neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in combination with extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques using multiple electrode arrays (MEAs) to determine the effect of microglia on neural function and the response to neuroinflammatory stimuli. Specifically, we established the tri-culture and its corresponding neuron-astrocyte co-culture (lacking microglia) counterpart on custom MEAs and monitored their electrophysiological activity for 21 days to assess culture maturation and network formation. As a complementary assessment, we quantified synaptic puncta and averaged spike waveforms to determine the difference in excitatory to inhibitory neuron ratio (E/I ratio) of the neurons. The results demonstrate that the microglia in the tri-culture do not disrupt neural network formation and stability and may be a better representation of the in vivo rat cortex due to its more similar E/I ratio as compared to more traditional isolated neuron and neuron-astrocyte co-cultures. In addition, only the tri-culture displayed a significant decrease in both the number of active channels and spike frequency following pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide exposure, highlighting the critical role of microglia in capturing electrophysiological manifestations of a representative neuroinflammatory insult. We expect the demonstrated technology to assist in studying various brain disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Goshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyehyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gregory Girardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander Gardner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erkin Seker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California—Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
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Le Floch P, Li Q, Lin Z, Zhao S, Liu R, Tasnim K, Jiang H, Liu J. Stretchable Mesh Nanoelectronics for 3D Single-Cell Chronic Electrophysiology from Developing Brain Organoids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106829. [PMID: 35014735 PMCID: PMC8930507 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived brain organoids have shown great potential for studies of human brain development and neurological disorders. However, quantifying the evolution of the electrical properties of brain organoids during development is currently limited by the measurement techniques, which cannot provide long-term stable 3D bioelectrical interfaces with developing brain organoids. Here, a cyborg brain organoid platform is reported, in which "tissue-like" stretchable mesh nanoelectronics are designed to match the mechanical properties of brain organoids and to be folded by the organogenetic process of progenitor or stem cells, distributing stretchable electrode arrays across the 3D organoids. The tissue-wide integrated stretchable electrode arrays show no interruption to brain organoid development, adapt to the volume and morphological changes during brain organoid organogenesis, and provide long-term stable electrical contacts with neurons within brain organoids during development. The seamless and noninvasive coupling of electrodes to neurons enables long-term stable, continuous recording and captures the emergence of single-cell action potentials from early-stage brain organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Le Floch
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Zuwan Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Kazi Tasnim
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Han Jiang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Vėbraitė I, Hanein Y. Soft Devices for High-Resolution Neuro-Stimulation: The Interplay Between Low-Rigidity and Resolution. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:675744. [PMID: 35047928 PMCID: PMC8757739 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.675744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neurostimulation has evolved over the last few decades from a crude, low-resolution approach to a highly sophisticated methodology entailing the use of state-of-the-art technologies. Neurostimulation has been tested for a growing number of neurological applications, demonstrating great promise and attracting growing attention in both academia and industry. Despite tremendous progress, long-term stability of the implants, their large dimensions, their rigidity and the methods of their introduction and anchoring to sensitive neural tissue remain challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise introduction to the field of high-resolution neurostimulation from a technological perspective and to focus on opportunities stemming from developments in materials sciences and engineering to reduce device rigidity while optimizing electrode small dimensions. We discuss how these factors may contribute to smaller, lighter, softer and higher electrode density devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vėbraitė
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Atmaramani R, Chakraborty B, Rihani RT, Usoro J, Hammack A, Abbott J, Nnoromele P, Black BJ, Pancrazio JJ, Cogan SF. Ruthenium oxide based microelectrode arrays for in vitro and in vivo neural recording and stimulation. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:565-574. [PMID: 31678740 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the in vitro and in vivo extracellular neural recording and stimulation properties of ruthenium oxide (RuOx) based microelectrodes. Cytotoxicity and functional neurotoxicity assays were carried out to confirm the in vitro biocompatibility of RuOx. Material extract assays, in accordance to ISO protocol "10993-5: Biological evaluation of medical devices", revealed no significant effect on neuronal cell viability or the functional activity of cortical networks. In vitro microelectrode arrays (MEAs), with indium tin oxide (ITO) sites modified with sputtered iridium oxide (IrOx) and RuOx in a single array, were developed for a direct comparison of electrochemical and recording performance of RuOx to ITO and IrOx deposited microelectrode sites. The impedance of the RuOx-coated electrodes measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was notably lower than that of ITO electrodes, resulting in robust extracellular recordings from cortical networks in vitro. We found comparable signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for RuOx and IrOx, both significantly higher than the SNR for ITO. RuOx-based MEAs were also fabricated and implanted in the rat motor cortex to demonstrate manufacturability of the RuOx processing and acute recording capabilities in vivo. We observed single-unit extracellular action potentials with a SNR >22, representing a first step for neurophysiological recordings in vivo with RuOx based microelectrodes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A critical challenge in neural interface technology is the development of microelectrodes that have recording and electrical stimulation capabilities suitable for bidirectional communication between the external electronic device and the nervous system. The present study explores the feasibility and functional capabilities of ruthenium oxide microelectrodes as a neural interface. Significant improvement in electrochemical properties and neuronal recordings are reported when compared to commercially available indium tin oxide and was similar to that of iridium oxide electrodes. The data demonstrate the potential for future development of chronic neural interfaces using ruthenium oxide based microelectrodes for recording and stimulation.
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Hondrich TJJ, Deußen O, Grannemann C, Brinkmann D, Offenhäusser A. Improvements of Microcontact Printing for Micropatterned Cell Growth by Contrast Enhancement. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E659. [PMID: 31574944 PMCID: PMC6848919 DOI: 10.3390/mi10100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patterned neuronal cell cultures are important tools for investigating neuronal signal integration, network function, and cell-substrate interactions. Because of the variable nature of neuronal cells, the widely used coating method of microcontact printing is in constant need of improvements and adaptations depending on the pattern, cell type, and coating solutions available for a certain experimental system. In this work, we report on three approaches to modify microcontact printing on borosilicate glass surfaces, which we evaluate with contact angle measurements and by determining the quality of patterned neuronal growth. Although background toxification with manganese salt does not result in the desired pattern enhancement, a simple heat treatment of the glass substrates leads to improved background hydrophobicity and therefore neuronal patterning. Thirdly, we extended a microcontact printing process based on covalently linking the glass surface and the coating molecule via an epoxysilane. This extension is an additional hydrophobization step with dodecylamine. We demonstrate that shelf life of the silanized glass is at least 22 weeks, leading to consistently reliable neuronal patterning by microcontact printing. Thus, we compared three practical additions to microcontact printing, two of which can easily be implemented into a workflow for the investigation of patterned neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm J J Hondrich
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52076 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Deußen
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52076 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Caroline Grannemann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52076 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Brinkmann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, 52076 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Koklu A, Atmaramani R, Hammack A, Beskok A, Pancrazio JJ, Gnade BE, Black BJ. Gold nanostructure microelectrode arrays for in vitro recording and stimulation from neuronal networks. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:235501. [PMID: 30776783 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab07cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An ideal microelectrode array (MEA) design should include materials and structures which exhibit biocompatibility, low electrode polarization, low impedance/noise, and structural durability. Here, the fabrication of MEAs with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes deposited with self-similar gold nanostructures (GNS) is described. We show that fern leaf fractal-like GNS deposited on ITO electrodes are conducive for neural cell attachment and viability while reducing the interfacial impedance more than two orders of magnitude at low frequencies (100-1000 Hz) versus bare ITO. GNS MEAs, with low interfacial impedance, allowed the detection of extracellular action potentials with excellent signal-to-noise ratios (SNR, 20.26 ± 2.14). Additionally, the modified electrodes demonstrated electrochemical and mechanical stability over 29 d in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75205, United States of America
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9
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Mateus JC, Lopes CDF, Cerquido M, Leitão L, Leitão D, Cardoso S, Ventura J, Aguiar P. Improved in vitro electrophysiology using 3D-structured microelectrode arrays with a micro-mushrooms islets architecture capable of promoting topotaxis. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036012. [PMID: 30818300 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0b86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José C Mateus
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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10
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Matlab software for impedance spectroscopy designed for neuroscience applications. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 307:70-83. [PMID: 29964081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal electrodes are a mainstay of neuroscience. Characterization of the electrical impedance properties of these cuffs is important to ensure successful and repeatable fabrication, achieve a target impedance, revise novel designs, and quantify the success or failure of implantation and any potential subsequent damage or encapsulation by scar tissue. NEW METHODS Impedances are frequently characterized using lumped-parameter circuit models of the electrode-electrolyte interface. Open-source tools to gather and analyze these frequency sweep data are lacking. Here, we present such software, in the form of Matlab code, which includes a GUI. It automatically acquires frequency sweep data and subsequently fits a simplified Randles model to these data, over a user specified frequency range, providing the user with the model parameter estimates. Also, it can measure an unknown impedance of an element over a range of frequencies, as long as an external resistor can be added for the measurements. RESULTS The tool was tested on five bright platinum nerve cuffs in vitro. The average charge transfer resistance, solution resistance, CPE value, and impedance magnitude were estimated. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHODS The measured values of the impedance of cuffs were in agreement with the literature (Wei and Grill, 2009). Variation between cuffs fabricated as consistently as possible amounted to 10% for impedance magnitude and 4° for impedance phase. CONCLUSION The results show that this low-cost tool can be used to characterize a cuff across different conditions including after implantation. The latter makes it useful for a longer-term study of electrode viability.
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Zuo L, Yu S, Briggs CA, Kantor S, Pan JY. Design and Fabrication of a Three-Dimensional Multi-Electrode Array for Neuron Electrophysiology. J Biomech Eng 2018; 139:2654975. [PMID: 28975276 DOI: 10.1115/1.4037948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neural recording and stimulation with high spatial and temporal resolution are highly desirable in the study of neurocommunication and diseases. Planar multiple microelectrode arrays (MEA) or quasi-three-dimensional (3D) MEA with fixed height have been proposed by many researchers and become commercially available. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and test of a novel true 3D multiple electrode array for brain slice stimulation and recording. This MEA is composed of 105 microelectrodes with 50 μm diameter and 125 μm center-to-center spacing integrated in a 1.2 × 1.2 mm2 area. This "true" 3D MEA allows us to precisely position the individual electrodes by piezoelectric-based actuators to penetrate the inactive tissue layer and to approach the active neurons so as to optimize the recording and stimulation of electrical field potential. The capability to stimulate nerve fibers and record postsynaptic field potentials was demonstrated in an experiment using mouse brain hippocampus slice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 e-mail:
| | - Shifeng Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Clark A Briggs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Stanislaw Kantor
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Jeffery Y Pan
- Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064 e-mail:
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Schürmann M, Shepheard N, Frese N, Geishendorf K, Sudhoff H, Gölzhäuser A, Rückert U, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B, Thomas A. Technical feasibility study for production of tailored multielectrode arrays and patterning of arranged neuronal networks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192647. [PMID: 29474358 PMCID: PMC5825013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we first reveal a simple ultra violet laser lithographic method to design and produce plain tailored multielectrode arrays. Secondly, we use the same lithographic setup for surface patterning to enable controlled attachment of primary neuronal cells and help neurite guidance. For multielectrode array production, we used flat borosilicate glass directly structured with the laser lithography system. The multi layered electrode system consists of a layer of titanium coated with a layer of di-titanium nitride. Finally, these electrodes are covered with silicon nitride for insulation. The quality of the custom made multielectrode arrays was investigated by light microscopy, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The performance was verified by the detection of action potentials of primary neurons. The electrical noise of the custom-made MEA was equal to commercially available multielectrode arrays. Additionally, we demonstrated that structured coating with poly lysine, obtained with the aid of the same lithographic system, could be used to attach and guide neurons to designed structures. The process of neuron attachment and neurite guidance was investigated by light microscopy and charged particle microscopy. Importantly, the utilization of the same lithographic system for MEA fabrication and poly lysine structuring will make it easy to align the architecture of the neuronal network to the arrangement of the MEA electrode.. In future studies, this will lead to multielectrode arrays, which are able to specifically attach neuronal cell bodies to their chemically defined electrodes and guide their neurites, gaining a controlled connectivity in the neuronal network. This type of multielectrode array would be able to precisely assign a signal to a certain neuron resulting in an efficient way for analyzing the maturation of the neuronal connectivity in small neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schürmann
- Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (AT)
| | - Norman Shepheard
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, Cognitive Interaction Technology Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Natalie Frese
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kevin Geishendorf
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Institute for Metallic Materials, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Gölzhäuser
- Physics of Supramolecular Systems and Surfaces, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rückert
- Cognitronics and Sensor Systems, Cognitive Interaction Technology Center of Excellence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andy Thomas
- Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Physics Department, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Institute for Metallic Materials, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (MS); (AT)
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Koitmäe A, Müller M, Bausch CS, Harberts J, Hansen W, Loers G, Blick RH. Designer Neural Networks with Embedded Semiconductor Microtube Arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1528-1534. [PMID: 29261324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a designer's approach to building cellular neuronal networks based on a biocompatible negative photoresist with embedded coaxial feedthroughs made of semiconductor microtubes. The diameter of the microtubes is tailored and adjusted to the diameter of cerebellum axons having a diameter of 2-3 μm. The microtubes as well as the SU-8 layer serve as a topographical cue to the axons. Apart from the topographical guidance, we also employ chemical guidance cues enhancing neuron growth at designed spots. Therefore, the amino acid poly-l-lysine is printed in droplets of pl volume in the front of the tube entrances. Our artificial neuronal network has an extremely high yield of 85% of the somas settled at the desired locations. We complete this by basic patch-clamp measurements on single cells within the neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aune Koitmäe
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (INF), University of Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 159, Gebäude 600, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Manuel Müller
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (INF), University of Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 159, Gebäude 600, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Cornelius S Bausch
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (INF), University of Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Jann Harberts
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (INF), University of Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 159, Gebäude 600, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hansen
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (INF), University of Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 159, Gebäude 600, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert H Blick
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics (INF), University of Hamburg , Jungiusstraße 11c, Hamburg 20355, Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures (CHyN), University of Hamburg , Luruper Chaussee 159, Gebäude 600, Hamburg 22761, Germany
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14
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Marcus M, Baranes K, Park M, Choi IS, Kang K, Shefi O. Interactions of Neurons with Physical Environments. Adv Healthc Mater 2017. [PMID: 28640544 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nerve growth strongly relies on multiple chemical and physical signals throughout development and regeneration. Currently, a cure for injured neuronal tissue is an unmet need. Recent advances in fabrication technologies and materials led to the development of synthetic interfaces for neurons. Such engineered platforms that come in 2D and 3D forms can mimic the native extracellular environment and create a deeper understanding of neuronal growth mechanisms, and ultimately advance the development of potential therapies for neuronal regeneration. This progress report aims to present a comprehensive discussion of this field, focusing on physical feature design and fabrication with additional information about considerations of chemical modifications. We review studies of platforms generated with a range of topographies, from micro-scale features down to topographical elements at the nanoscale that demonstrate effective interactions with neuronal cells. Fabrication methods are discussed as well as their biological outcomes. This report highlights the interplay between neuronal systems and the important roles played by topography on neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, and development. The influence of substrate structures on different neuronal cells and parameters including cell fate, outgrowth, intracellular remodeling, gene expression and activity is discussed. Matching these effects to specific needs may lead to the emergence of clinical solutions for patients suffering from neuronal injuries or brain-machine interface (BMI) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Marcus
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Koby Baranes
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Matthew Park
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research; Department of Chemistry; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Insung S. Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research; Department of Chemistry; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin Gyeonggi 17104 Korea
| | - Orit Shefi
- Faculty of Engineering and Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
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15
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Kireev D, Seyock S, Lewen J, Maybeck V, Wolfrum B, Offenhäusser A. Graphene Multielectrode Arrays as a Versatile Tool for Extracellular Measurements. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28371490 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene multielectrode arrays (GMEAs) presented in this work are used for cardio and neuronal extracellular recordings. The advantages of the graphene as a part of the multielectrode arrays are numerous: from a general flexibility and biocompatibility to the unique electronic properties of graphene. The devices used for extensive in vitro studies of a cardiac-like cell line and cortical neuronal networks show excellent ability to extracellularly detect action potentials with signal to noise ratios in the range of 45 ± 22 for HL-1 cells and 48 ± 26 for spontaneous bursting/spiking neuronal activity. Complex neuronal bursting activity patterns as well as a variety of characteristic shapes of HL-1 action potentials are recorded with the GMEAs. This paper illustrates that the potential applications of the GMEAs in biological and medical research are still numerous and diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kireev
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI‐8/ICS‐8)Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Silke Seyock
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI‐8/ICS‐8)Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Johannes Lewen
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI‐8/ICS‐8)Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI‐8/ICS‐8)Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- NeuroelectronicsMunich Schnool of BioengineeringDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTechnical University of Munich (TUM) & BCCN Munich Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI‐8/ICS‐8)Forschungszentrum Jülich 52425 Jülich Germany
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16
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Weegink KJ, Bellette PA, Varghese JJ, Silburn PA, Meehan PA, Bradley AP. A Parametric Simulation of Neuronal Noise From Microelectrode Recordings. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2573318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Repić T, Madirazza K, Bektur E, Sapunar D. Characterization of dorsal root ganglion neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39560. [PMID: 28008963 PMCID: PMC5180168 DOI: 10.1038/srep39560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study focuses on characterization of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates (MPS) with the ultimate goal of designing micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) for successful electrophysiological recordings of DRG neurons. Adult and neonatal DRG neurons were cultured on MPS and glass coverslips for 7 days in vitro. DRG neuronal distribution and morphometric analysis, including neurite alignment and length, was performed on MPS areas with different pillar width and spacing. We showed that MPS provide an environment for growth of adult and neonatal DRG neurons as permissive as control glass surfaces. Neonatal DRG neurons were present on MPS areas with narrow pillar spacing, while adult neurons preferred wider pillar spacing. Compared to the control glass surfaces the neonatal and adult DRG neurons in regions with narrow pillar spacing range developed a smaller number of longer neurites. In the same area, neurites were preferentially oriented along three directional axes at 30°, 90° and 150°. MPS architecture influenced growth directionality of all main DRG neuronal subtypes. We can conclude that specific micro-pillar substrate topography affects the morphology of DRG neurons. This knowledge can enable development of MEAs with precisely defined physical features for various neuroscience applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Repić
- Laboratory for Pain Research, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Madirazza
- Speech and Hearing Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Ezgi Bektur
- Histology and Embryology Department, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey
| | - Damir Sapunar
- Laboratory for Pain Research, School of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia
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18
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Zhao Z, Gong R, Zheng L, Wang J. In Vivo Neural Recording and Electrochemical Performance of Microelectrode Arrays Modified by Rough-Surfaced AuPt Alloy Nanoparticles with Nanoporosity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E1851. [PMID: 27827893 PMCID: PMC5134510 DOI: 10.3390/s16111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to reduce the impedance and improve in vivo neural recording performance of our developed Michigan type silicon electrodes, rough-surfaced AuPt alloy nanoparticles with nanoporosity were deposited on gold microelectrode sites through electro-co-deposition of Au-Pt-Cu alloy nanoparticles, followed by chemical dealloying Cu. The AuPt alloy nanoparticles modified gold microelectrode sites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in vivo neural recording experiment. The SEM images showed that the prepared AuPt alloy nanoparticles exhibited cauliflower-like shapes and possessed very rough surfaces with many different sizes of pores. Average impedance of rough-surfaced AuPt alloy nanoparticles modified sites was 0.23 MΩ at 1 kHz, which was only 4.7% of that of bare gold microelectrode sites (4.9 MΩ), and corresponding in vitro background noise in the range of 1 Hz to 7500 Hz decreased to 7.5 μ V rms from 34.1 μ V rms at bare gold microelectrode sites. Spontaneous spike signal recording was used to evaluate in vivo neural recording performance of modified microelectrode sites, and results showed that rough-surfaced AuPt alloy nanoparticles modified microelectrode sites exhibited higher average spike signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 4.8 in lateral globus pallidus (GPe) due to lower background noise compared to control microelectrodes. Electro-co-deposition of Au-Pt-Cu alloy nanoparticles combined with chemical dealloying Cu was a convenient way for increasing the effective surface area of microelectrode sites, which could reduce electrode impedance and improve the quality of in vivo spike signal recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ruxue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an 710049, China.
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19
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Electrochemical and in vitro neuronal recording characteristics of multi-electrode arrays surface-modified with electro-co-deposited gold-platinum nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:14. [PMID: 26830410 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to complement the high impedance electrical property of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) we have performed electro-co-deposition of gold-platinum nanoparticles (Au-Pt NPs) onto the Au multi-electrode array (MEA) and modified the Au-Pt NPs surface with cell adhesive poly-D-lysine via thiol chemistry based covalent binding. The Au-Pt NPs were analyzed to have bimetallic nature not the mixture of Au NPs and Pt NPs by X-ray diffraction analysis and to have impedance value (4.0 × 10(4) Ω (at 1 kHz)) comparable to that of Pt NPs. The performance of Au-Pt NP-modified MEAs was also checked in relation to neuronal signal recording. The noise level in Au-Pt NP-modified MEAs was lower than in that of Au NP-modified MEA.
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20
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Wang L, Xu SW, Xu HR, Song YL, Liu JT, Luo JP, Cai XX. Spatio-temporally resolved measurement of quantal exocytosis from single cells using microelectrode array modified with poly l-lysine and poly dopamine. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Samhaber R, Schottdorf M, El Hady A, Bröking K, Daus A, Thielemann C, Stühmer W, Wolf F. Growing neuronal islands on multi-electrode arrays using an accurate positioning-μCP device. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 257:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Foroushani AN, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Toward on-chip functional neuronal networks: computational study on the effect of synaptic connectivity on neural activity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:1553-6. [PMID: 25570267 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new unified computational-experimental approach to study the role of the synaptic activity on the activity of neurons in the small neuronal networks (NNs). In a neuronal tissue/organ, this question is investigated with higher complexities by recording action potentials from population of neurons in order to find the relationship between connectivity and the recorded activities. In this approach, we study the dynamics of very small cortical neuronal networks, which can be experimentally synthesized on chip with constrained connectivity. Multi-compartmental Hodgkin-Huxley model is used in NEURON software to reproduce cells by extracting the experimental data from the synthesized NNs. We thereafter demonstrate how the type of synaptic activity affects the network response to specific spike train using the simulation results.
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23
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Obien MEJ, Deligkaris K, Bullmann T, Bakkum DJ, Frey U. Revealing neuronal function through microelectrode array recordings. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:423. [PMID: 25610364 PMCID: PMC4285113 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays and microprobes have been widely utilized to measure neuronal activity, both in vitro and in vivo. The key advantage is the capability to record and stimulate neurons at multiple sites simultaneously. However, unlike the single-cell or single-channel resolution of intracellular recording, microelectrodes detect signals from all possible sources around every sensor. Here, we review the current understanding of microelectrode signals and the techniques for analyzing them. We introduce the ongoing advancements in microelectrode technology, with focus on achieving higher resolution and quality of recordings by means of monolithic integration with on-chip circuitry. We show how recent advanced microelectrode array measurement methods facilitate the understanding of single neurons as well as network function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosmas Deligkaris
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN Kobe, Japan ; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Douglas J Bakkum
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, RIKEN Kobe, Japan ; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University Osaka, Japan ; Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Applying Information Theory to Neuronal Networks: From Theory to Experiments. ENTROPY 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/e16115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Kim R, Joo S, Jung H, Hong N, Nam Y. Recent trends in microelectrode array technology for in vitro neural interface platform. Biomed Eng Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-014-0130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Dermutz H, Grüter RR, Truong AM, Demkó L, Vörös J, Zambelli T. Local polymer replacement for neuron patterning and in situ neurite guidance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7037-46. [PMID: 24850409 DOI: 10.1021/la5012692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
By locally dispensing poly-L-lysine (PLL) molecules with a FluidFM onto a protein and cell resistant poly-L-lysine-graft-polyethylene glycol (PLL-g-PEG) coated substrate, the antifouling layer can be replaced under the tip aperture by the cell adhesive PLL. We used this approach for guiding the adhesion and axonal outgrowth of embryonic hippocampal neurons in situ. Cultures of hippocampal neurons were chosen because they mostly contain pyramidal neurons. The hippocampus is known to be involved in memory formation, and the stages of network development are well characterized, which is an asset to fundamental research. After fabricating diffuse PLL spots with 10-250 μm diameter, seeded hippocampal cells stick preferentially onto the spots migrating toward the spot center along the PLL gradient. Cell clusters were formed depending on the lateral size of the PLL dots and the density of seeded cells. In a second step of this protocol, the FluidFM is used to connect in situ the obtained clusters. The outgrowth of neurites, which are known to grow preferentially on adhesive substrates, is tailored by writing PLL lines. Antibody staining confirms that the outgrowing neurites are mostly axons, while the activity of the neurons is assessed by a calcium indicator, proving cell viability. The calcium signal intensity of two actively interconnected clusters showed to be correlated, corroborating the formation of vectored and polarized interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Dermutz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich , CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Fattahi P, Yang G, Kim G, Abidian MR. A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1846-85. [PMID: 24677434 PMCID: PMC4373558 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology have generated wide interest in applying nanomaterials for neural prostheses. An ideal neural interface should create seamless integration into the nervous system and performs reliably for long periods of time. As a result, many nanoscale materials not originally developed for neural interfaces become attractive candidates to detect neural signals and stimulate neurons. In this comprehensive review, an overview of state-of-the-art microelectrode technologies provided fi rst, with focus on the material properties of these microdevices. The advancements in electro active nanomaterials are then reviewed, including conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, silicon nanowires, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials, for neural recording, stimulation, and growth. Finally, technical and scientific challenges are discussed regarding biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical properties faced by these nanomaterials for the development of long-lasting functional neural interfaces.
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28
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Park JW, Kim HJ, Kang MW, Jeon NL. Advances in microfluidics-based experimental methods for neuroscience research. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:509-521. [PMID: 23306275 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The application of microfluidics to neuroscience applications has always appealed to neuroscientists because of the capability to control the cellular microenvironment in both a spatial and temporal manner. Recently, there has been rapid development of biological micro-electro-mechanical systems (BioMEMS) for both fundamental and applied neuroscience research. In this review, we will discuss the applications of BioMEMS to various topics in the field of neuroscience. The purpose of this review is to summarise recent advances in the components and design of the BioMEMS devices, in vitro disease models, electrophysiology and neural stem cell research. We envision that microfluidics will play a key role in future neuroscience research, both fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Park
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Guo J, Yuan J, Chan M. Modeling of the cell-electrode interface noise for microelectrode arrays. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2012; 6:605-613. [PMID: 23853261 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2012.2189569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrodes are widely used in the physiological recording of cell field potentials. As microelectrode signals are generally in the μV range, characteristics of the cell-electrode interface are important to the recording accuracy. Although the impedance of the microelectrode-solution interface has been well studied and modeled in the past, no effective model has been experimentally verified to estimate the noise of the cell-electrode interface. Also in existing interface models, spectral information is largely disregarded. In this work, we developed a model for estimating the noise of the cell-electrode interface from interface impedances. This model improves over existing noise models by including the cell membrane capacitor and frequency dependent impedances. With low-noise experiment setups, this model is verified by microelectrode array (MEA) experiments with mouse muscle myoblast cells. Experiments show that the noise estimated from this model has <;10% error, which is much less than estimations from existing models. With this model, noise of the cell-electrode interface can be estimated by simply measuring interface impedances. This model also provides insights for micro- electrode design to achieve good recording signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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30
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Baek NS, Kim YH, Han YH, Offenhäusser A, Chung MA, Jung SD. Fine neurite patterns from photocrosslinking of cell-repellent benzophenone copolymer. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 210:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Hogan NC, Talei-Franzesi G, Abudayyeh O, Taberner A, Hunter I. Low-cost, flexible polymer arrays for long-term neuronal culture. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2012:803-806. [PMID: 23366014 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are promising materials for fabrication of microelectrode arrays for both neural stimulation and recording. Our ability to engineer the morphology and composition of polypyrrole together with its suitability as an electrically addressable tissue/cell substrate have been used to develop an inexpensive, disposable three-dimensional polymeric array for use in neuronal culture and drug discovery. These arrays could be interfaced with a fixed, parallel stimulation and optical imaging system, amenable to automated handling and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Catherine Hogan
- BioInstrumentation Laboratory in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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32
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Greene AC, Washburn CM, Bachand GD, James CD. Combined chemical and topographical guidance cues for directing cytoarchitectural polarization in primary neurons. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8860-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kanagasabapathi TT, Ciliberti D, Martinoia S, Wadman WJ, Decré MMJ. Dual-compartment neurofluidic system for electrophysiological measurements in physically segregated and functionally connected neuronal cell culture. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2011; 4:13. [PMID: 22025913 PMCID: PMC3198030 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2011.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a dual-compartment neurofluidic system with inter-connecting microchannels to connect neurons from their respective compartments, placed on a planar microelectrode arrays. The design and development of the compartmented microfluidic device for neuronal cell culture, protocol for sustaining long-term cultures, and neurite growth through microchannels in such a closed compartment device are presented. Using electrophysiological measurements of spontaneous network activity in the compartments and selective pharmacological manipulation of cells in one compartment, the biological origin of network activity and the fluidic isolation between the compartments are demonstrated. The connectivity between neuronal populations via the microchannels and the crossing-over of neurites are verified using transfection experiments and immunofluorescence staining. In addition to the neurite cross-over to the adjacent compartment, functional connectivity between cells in both the compartments is verified using cross-correlation (CC) based techniques. Bidirectional signal propagation between the compartments is demonstrated using functional connectivity maps. CC analysis and connectivity maps demonstrate that the two neuronal populations are not only functionally connected within each compartment but also with each other and a well connected functional network was formed between the compartments despite the physical barrier introduced by the microchannels.
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34
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A biofunctionalization scheme for neural interfaces using polydopamine polymer. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Qin G, Gu J, Liu K, Xiao Z, Yam CM, Cai C. Conductive AFM patterning on oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated alkyl monolayers on silicon substrates: proposed mechanism and fabrication of avidin patterns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6987-94. [PMID: 21526810 PMCID: PMC3230272 DOI: 10.1021/la1047358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanopatterns of biomolecules on inert, ultrathin platforms on nonoxidized silicon are ideal interfaces between silicon-based microelectronics and biological systems. We report here the local oxidation nanolithography with conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) on highly protein-resistant, oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-terminated alkyl monolayers on nonoxidized silicon substrates. We propose a mechanism for this process, suggesting that it is possible to oxidize only the top ethylene glycol units to generate carboxylic acid and aldehyde groups on the film surface. We show that avidin molecules can be attached selectively to the oxidized pattern and the density can be varied by altering the bias voltage during cAFM patterning. Biotinylated molecules and nanoparticles are selectively immobilized on the resultant avidin patterns. Since one of the most established methods for immobilization of biomolecules is based on avidin-biotin binding and a wide variety of biotinylated biomolecules are available, this approach represents a versatile means for prototyping any nanostructures presenting these biomolecules on silicon substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
| | | | - Chi Ming Yam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77024, United States
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36
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Urbanová V, Li Y, Vytřas K, Yvert B, Kuhn A. Macroporous microelectrode arrays for measurements with reduced noise. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Baek NS, Lee JH, Kim YH, Lee BJ, Kim GH, Kim IH, Chung MA, Jung SD. Photopatterning of cell-adhesive-modified poly(ethyleneimine) for guided neuronal growth. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:2717-2722. [PMID: 21291243 DOI: 10.1021/la103372v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe photopatterning technique that employs the photodegradation of cell-adhesive-modified poly(ethyleneimine) (m-PEI) to fabricate precise micropatterns on the indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate for guided neuronal growth. The photodegradation of m-PEI coated on hydroxyl group-terminated ITO substrate created micropatterns over a large area through deep UV irradiation. The photopatterned m-PEI layer can effectively guide neurite outgrowth and control neurite extensions from individual neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Seob Baek
- IT Convergence Technology Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute , 138 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
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38
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Jing G, Wang Y, Zhou T, Perry SF, Grimes MT, Tatic-Lucic S. Cell patterning using molecular vapor deposition of self-assembled monolayers and lift-off technique. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1094-103. [PMID: 20934542 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a precise, live cell-patterning method by means of patterning a silicon or glass substrate with alternating cytophilic and cytophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited via molecular vapor deposition. Specifically, a stack of hydrophobic heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrichlorosilane SAMs and a silicon oxide adhesion layer were patterned on the substrate surface, and a hydrophilic SAM derived from 3-trimethoxysilyl propyldiethylenetriamine was coated on the remaining non-treated areas on the substrate surface to promote cell growth. The primary characteristics of the reported method include: (i) single-cell resolution; (ii) easy alignment of the patterns with the pre-existing patterns on the substrate; (iii) easy formation of nanoscale patterns (depending on the exposure equipment); (iv) long shelf life of the substrate pattern prior to cell culturing; (v) compatibility with conventional, inverted, optical microscopes for simple visualization of patterns formed on a glass wafer; and (vi) the ability to support patterned cell (osteoblast) networks for at least 2 weeks. Here, we describe the deposition technique and the characterization of the deposited layers, as well as the application of this method in the fabrication of multielectrode arrays supporting patterned neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshan Jing
- Sherman Fairchild Center, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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39
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Liu X, Barizuddin S, Shin W, Mathai CJ, Gangopadhyay S, Gillis KD. Microwell device for targeting single cells to electrochemical microelectrodes for high-throughput amperometric detection of quantal exocytosis. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2445-51. [PMID: 21355543 DOI: 10.1021/ac1033616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical microelectrodes are commonly used to detect spikes of amperometric current that correspond to exocytosis of oxidizable transmitter from individual vesicles, i.e., quantal exocytosis. We are developing transparent multielectrochemical electrode arrays on microchips in order to automate measurement of quantal exocytosis. Here, we report development of an improved device to target individual cells to each microelectrode in an array. Efficient targeting (~75%) is achieved using cell-sized microwell traps fabricated in SU-8 photoresist together with patterning of poly(l-lysine) in register with electrodes to promote cell adhesion. The surface between electrodes is made resistant to cell adhesion using poly(ethylene glycol) in order to facilitate movement of cells to electrode "docking sites". We demonstrate the activity of the electrodes using the test analyte ferricyanide and perform recordings of quantal exocytosis from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells on the device. Multiple cell recordings on a single device demonstrate the consistency of spike measurements, and multiple recordings from the same electrodes demonstrate that the device can be cleaned and reused without degradation of performance. The new device will enable high-throughput studies of quantal exocytosis and may also find application in rapidly screening drugs or toxins for effects on exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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40
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Leclair AM, Ferguson SS, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Surface patterning using plasma-deposited fluorocarbon thin films for single-cell positioning and neural circuit arrangement. Biomaterials 2011; 32:1351-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Precise cell patterning using cytophobic self-assembled monolayer deposited on top of semi-transparent gold. Biomed Microdevices 2011; 12:935-48. [PMID: 20571865 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-010-9448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a simple and effective method for cell patterning by using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-treated glass surface which is surrounded by semi-transparent gold coated with another type of SAM. Specifically, a hydrophobic SAM, derived from 1-hexadecanethiol (HDT), was coated on the gold surface to prevent cell growth, and a hydrophilic SAM, derived from 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl-diethylenetriamine (DETA), was coated on the exposed glass surface to promote cell growth. The capabilities of this technique are as follows: 1) single-cell resolution, 2) easy alignment of the cell patterns to the structures already existing on the substrate, 3) visualization and verification of the predefined cytophobic/cytophilic pattern prior to cell growth, and 4) convenient monitoring cell growth at the same location for an extended long term period of time. Whereas a number of earlier techniques have demonstrated the single cell resolution, or visualization and verification of the cytophobic/cytophilic patterns prior to cell growth, we believe that our technique is unique in possessing all of these beneficial qualities at the same time. The distinguishing characteristic of our technique is, however, that the use of semi-transparent Cr/Au film allows for convenient brightfield pattern visualization and offers an advantage over previously developed methods which require fluorescent imaging. We have successfully demonstrated the patterning of four different kinds of cells using this technique: immortalized mouse hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7), mouse osteoblast cells (MC3T3), mouse fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) and primary rat hippocampal neurons. This study was performed with a specific ultimate application-the creation of a multi electrode array (MEA) with predefined localization of cell bodies on top of the electrodes, as well as predefined patterns for cell extensions to grow in between the electrodes. With that goal in mind, we have also determined critical parameters for patterning of each of these cell types, such as the minimum size of a cell-adherent island for exclusively anchoring one cell or two cells, as well as the width of the cytophilic pathway between two islands that enables cell extensions to grow, while preventing the anchoring of the cell bodies. Additionally, we have provided statistical analysis of the occupancy for various sizes and shape of cell-anchoring islands. As demonstrated here, we have developed a novel and reliable cell patterning technique, which can be utilized in various applications, such as biosensors or tissue engineering.
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42
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Fung AO, Tsiokos C, Paydar O, Chen LH, Jin S, Wang Y, Judy JW. Electrochemical properties and myocyte interaction of carbon nanotube microelectrodes. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:4321-7. [PMID: 20954739 DOI: 10.1021/nl1013986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of carbon nanotube (CNT) microelectrodes (nominal geometric surface areas 20-200 μm(2)) were fabricated by photolithography with chemical vapor deposition of randomly oriented CNTs. Raman spectroscopy showed strong peak intensities in both G and D bands (G/D = 0.86), indicative of significant disorder in the graphitic layers of the randomly oriented CNTs. The impedance spectra of gold and CNT microelectrodes were compared using equivalent circuit models. Compared to planar gold surfaces, pristine nanotubes lowered the overall electrode impedance at 1 kHz by 75%, while nanotubes treated in O(2) plasma reduced the impedance by 95%. Cyclic voltammetry in potassium ferricyanide showed potential peak separations of 133 and 198 mV for gold and carbon nanotube electrodes, respectively. The interaction of cultured cardiac myocytes with randomly oriented and vertically aligned CNTs was investigated by the sectioning of myocytes using focused-ion-beam milling. Vertically aligned nanotubes deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were observed to penetrate the membrane of neonatal-rat ventricular myocytes, while randomly oriented CNTs remained external to the cells. These results demonstrated that CNT electrodes can be leveraged to reduce impedance and enhance biological interfaces for microelectrodes of subcellular size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Fung
- Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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43
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Rothschild RM. Neuroengineering tools/applications for bidirectional interfaces, brain-computer interfaces, and neuroprosthetic implants - a review of recent progress. FRONTIERS IN NEUROENGINEERING 2010; 3:112. [PMID: 21060801 PMCID: PMC2972680 DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2010.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to provide a holistic amalgamated overview of the most recent human in vivo techniques for implementing brain–computer interfaces (BCIs), bidirectional interfaces, and neuroprosthetics. Neuroengineering is providing new methods for tackling current difficulties; however neuroprosthetics have been studied for decades. Recent progresses are permitting the design of better systems with higher accuracies, repeatability, and system robustness. Bidirectional interfaces integrate recording and the relaying of information from and to the brain for the development of BCIs. The concepts of non-invasive and invasive recording of brain activity are introduced. This includes classical and innovative techniques like electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy. Then the problem of gliosis and solutions for (semi-) permanent implant biocompatibility such as innovative implant coatings, materials, and shapes are discussed. Implant power and the transmission of their data through implanted pulse generators and wireless telemetry are taken into account. How sensation can be relayed back to the brain to increase integration of the neuroengineered systems with the body by methods such as micro-stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation are then addressed. The neuroprosthetic section discusses some of the various types and how they operate. Visual prosthetics are discussed and the three types, dependant on implant location, are examined. Auditory prosthetics, being cochlear or cortical, are then addressed. Replacement hand and limb prosthetics are then considered. These are followed by sections concentrating on the control of wheelchairs, computers and robotics directly from brain activity as recorded by non-invasive and invasive techniques.
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44
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Gabi M, Larmagnac A, Schulte P, Vörös J. Electrically controlling cell adhesion, growth and migration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 79:365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Barizuddin S, Liu X, Mathai JC, Hossain M, Gillis KD, Gangopadhyay S. Automated targeting of cells to electrochemical electrodes using a surface chemistry approach for the measurement of quantal exocytosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:590-597. [PMID: 21113333 DOI: 10.1021/cn1000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a method to fabricate a multi-channel high-throughput microchip device for measurement of quantal transmitter release from individual cells. Instead of bringing carbon-fiber electrodes to cells, the device uses a surface chemistry approach to bring cells to an array of electrochemical microelectrodes. The microelectrodes are small and "cytophilic" in order to promote adhesion of a single cell whereas all other areas of the chip are covered with a thin "cytophobic" film to block cell attachement and facilitate movement of cells to electrodes. This cytophobic film also insulates unused areas of the conductive film, thus the alignment of cell docking sites to working electrodes is automatic. Amperometric spikes resulting from single-granule fusion events were recorded on the device and had amplitudes and kinetics similar to those measured using carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Use of this device will increase the pace of basic neuroscience research and may also find applications in drug discovery or validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Barizuddin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Xin Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
| | | | | | - Kevin, D. Gillis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
- Department of Biological Engineering
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
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46
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de Asis ED, Leung J, Wood S, Nguyen CV. Empirical study of unipolar and bipolar configurations using high resolution single multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes for electrophysiological probing of electrically excitable cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:125101. [PMID: 20182008 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/12/125101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the neurophysiological basis underlying learning and memory in the mammalian central nervous system requires the development of biocompatible, high resolution, low electrode impedance electrophysiological probes; however, physically, electrode impedance will always be finite and, at times, large. Herein, we demonstrate through experiments performed on frog sartorius muscle that single multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode (sMWNT electrode) geometry and placement are two degrees of freedom that can improve biocompatibility of the probe and counteract the detrimental effects of MWNT/electrolyte interface impedance on the stimulation efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We show that high aspect ratio dependent electric field enhancement at the MWNT tip can boost stimulation efficiency. Derivation of the sMWNT electrode's electrical equivalent indicates that, at low stimulus voltage regimes below 1 V, current conduction is mediated by charge fluctuation in the double layer obviating electrolysis of water, which is potentially toxic to pH sensitive biological tissue. Despite the accompanying increase in electrode impedance, a pair of closely spaced sMWNT electrodes in a two probe (bipolar) configuration maintains biocompatibility and enhances stimulation efficiency and SNR compared to the single probe (unipolar) configuration. For stimulus voltages below 1 V, the electrical equivalent verifies that current conduction in the two probe configuration still proceeds via charge fluctuation in the double layer. As an extracellular stimulation electrode, the two sMWNT electrodes comprise a current dipole that concentrates the electric field and the current density in a smaller region of sartorius; consequently, the bipolar configuration can elicit muscle fiber twitching at low voltages that preclude electrolysis of water. When recording field potentials, the bipolar configuration subtracts the potential between two points allowing for the detection of higher signal amplitudes. As a result, SNR is improved. These results indicate that use of the high aspect ratio MWNT in a bipolar configuration can achieve a biocompatible electrode that offers enhanced stimulation efficiency and higher SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D de Asis
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA
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47
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Microfluidic compartmentalized co-culture platform for CNS axon myelination research. Biomed Microdevices 2010; 11:1145-53. [PMID: 19554452 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-009-9331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a circular microfluidic compartmentalized co-culture platform that can be used for central nervous system (CNS) axon myelination research. The microfluidic platform is composed of a soma compartment and an axon/glia compartment connected through arrays of axon-guiding microchannels. Myelin-producing glia, oligodendrocytes (OLs), placed in the axon/glia compartment, interact with only axons but not with neuronal somata confined to the soma compartment, reminiscent to in vivo situation where many axon fibres are myelinated by OLs at distance away from neuronal cell bodies. Primary forebrain neurons from embryonic day 16-18 rats were cultured inside the soma compartment for two weeks to allow them to mature and form extensive axon networks. OL progenitors, isolated from postnatal day 1-2 rat brains, were then added to the axon/glia compartment and co-cultured with neurons for an additional two weeks. The microdevice showed fluidic isolation between the two compartments and successfully isolated neuronal cell bodies and dendrites from axons growing through the arrays of axon-guiding microchannels into the axon/glia compartment. The circular co-culture device developed here showed excellent cell loading characteristics where significant numbers of cells were positioned near the axon-guiding microchannels. This significantly increased the probability of axons crossing these microchannels as demonstrated by the more than 51 % of the area of the axon/glia compartment covered with axons two weeks after cell seeding. OL progenitors co-cultured with axons inside the axon/glia compartment successfully differentiated into mature OLs. These results indicate that this device can be used as an excellent in vitro co-culture platform for studying localized axon-glia interaction and signalling.
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48
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Jungblut M, Knoll W, Thielemann C, Pottek M. Triangular neuronal networks on microelectrode arrays: an approach to improve the properties of low-density networks for extracellular recording. Biomed Microdevices 2009; 11:1269-78. [PMID: 19757074 PMCID: PMC2776171 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-009-9346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Multi-unit recording from neuronal networks cultured on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) is a widely used approach to achieve basic understanding of network properties, as well as the realization of cell-based biosensors. However, network formation is random under primary culture conditions, and the cellular arrangement often performs an insufficient fit to the electrode positions. This results in the successful recording of only a small fraction of cells. One possible approach to overcome this limitation is to raise the number of cells on the MEA, thereby accepting an increased complexity of the network. In this study, we followed an alternative strategy to increase the portion of neurons located at the electrodes by designing a network in confined geometries. Guided settlement and outgrowth of neurons is accomplished by taking control over the adhesive properties of the MEA surface. Using microcontact printing a triangular two-dimensional pattern of the adhesion promoter poly-D-lysine was applied to the MEA offering a meshwork that at the same time provides adhesion points for cell bodies matching the electrode positions and gives frequent branching points for dendrites and axons. Low density neocortical networks cultivated under this condition displayed similar properties to random networks with respect to the cellular morphology but had a threefold higher electrode coverage. Electrical activity was dominated by periodic burst firing that could pharmacologically be modulated. Geometry of the network and electrical properties of the patterned cultures were reproducible and displayed long-term stability making the combination of surface structuring and multi-site recording a promising tool for biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jungblut
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christiane Thielemann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Applied Science, Würzburger Straße 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Mark Pottek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department for Zoology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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49
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LIU WW, CHEN ZL, JIANG XY. Methods for Cell Micropatterning on Two-Dimensional Surfaces and Their Applications in Biology. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60113-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Jaber FT, Labeed FH, Hughes MP. Action potential recording from dielectrophoretically positioned neurons inside micro-wells of a planar microelectrode array. J Neurosci Methods 2009; 182:225-35. [PMID: 19540265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To organise in vitro neural networks at the cellular level and study their electrical patterns, we have fabricated 4 x 4 planar microelectrode arrays using conventional photolithography. The electrode sites of these arrays are located inside micro-wells, for confining the neurons, which are connected with neighbouring wells via micro-trenches capable of guiding the outgrowth of neurites. In order to load a single neuron inside each micro-well, a simple system has been developed that utilises the phenomenon of dielectrophoresis. It operates by moving neurons towards each electrode site of an array using a dielectrophoretic force, checking for the presence of a neuron inside each micro-well using image processing, and stopping the dielectrophoretic force when detecting a neuron inside a micro-well in order to prevent more cells from being trapped. This system provides a fast, effective and inexpensive way to assemble neural grids consisting of contacts between electrodes and single neurons, as the use of micromanipulator guided micropipettes can be avoided. Spontaneous and evoked action potentials from trapped neurons were successfully recorded using a 16-channel acquisition/stimulation unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi T Jaber
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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