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Liu S, Zheng J. Adaptive strategies based on shrub leaf-stem anatomy and their environmental interpretations in the eastern Qaidam Basin. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:323. [PMID: 38658848 PMCID: PMC11040798 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water stress seriously affects the survival of plants in natural ecosystems. Plant resistance to water stress relies on adaptive strategies, which are mainly based on plant anatomy with following relevant functions: (1) increase in water uptake and storage; (2) reduction of water loss; and (3) mechanical reinforcement of tissues. We measured 15 leaf-stem anatomical traits of five dominant shrub species from 12 community plots in the eastern Qaidam Basin to explore adaptive strategies based on plant leaf-stem anatomy at species and community levels. and their relationship with environmental stresses were tested. RESULTS Results showed that the combination of leaf-stem anatomical traits formed three types of adaptive strategies with the drought tolerance of leaf and stem taken as two coordinate axes. Three types of water stress were caused by environmental factors in the eastern Qaidam Basin, and the established adaptive strategy triangle could be well explained by these environmental stresses. The interpretation of the strategic triangle was as follows: (1) exploitative plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt the hydraulic efficiency strategy and safety strategy, respectively. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in sandy desert (i.e., Nitraria tangutorum, and Artemisia sphaerocephala) which is mainly influenced by drought stress; (2) stable plant strategy, in which both leaf/assimilation branches and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in salty desert (i.e., Kalidium foliatum and Haloxylon ammodendron) which aridity has little effect on them; and (3) opportunistic plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy and water transport efficiency strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in multiple habitats (i.e., Sympegma regelii) which is mainly affected by coldness stress. CONCLUSION The proposed adaptive strategy system could provide a basis for elucidating the ecological adaptation mechanism of desert woody plants and the scientific management of natural vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Ecosystem Processes, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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2
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Smith KE, Cowan L, Taylor B, McAusland L, Heatley M, Yant L, Murchie EH. Physiological adaptation to irradiance in duckweeds is species and accession specific and depends on light habitat niche. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2046-2063. [PMID: 38217537 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Duckweeds span 36 species of free-floating aquatic organisms with body sizes ranging from 2 mm to 10 mm, where each plant body plan is reduced to a largely leaf-like structure. As an emerging crop, their fast growth rates offer potential for cultivation in closed systems. We describe a novel UK collection derived from low light (dLL) or high light (dHL) habitats, profiled for growth, photosynthesis, and photoprotection (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) responses. Twenty-three accessions of three Lemna species and one Spirodela polyrhiza were grown under relatively low light (LL: 100 μmol m-2 s-1) and high light (HL: 350 μmol m-2 s-1) intensities. We observed broad within- and between-species level variation in photosynthesis acclimation. Duckweeds grown under HL exhibited a lower growth rate, biomass, chlorophyll, and quantum yield of photosynthesis. In HL compared with LL, carotenoid de-epoxidation state and NPQ were higher, whilst PSII efficiency (φPSII) and Chl a:b ratios were unchanged. The dLL plants showed relatively stronger acclimation to HL compared with dHL plants, especially Lemna japonica accessions. These achieved faster growth in HL with concurrent higher carotenoid levels and NPQ, and less degradation of chlorophyll. We conclude that these data support local adaptation to the light environment in duckweed affecting acclimation in controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Smith
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Laura Cowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Beth Taylor
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lorna McAusland
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Matthew Heatley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Levi Yant
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
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3
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Scalabrin E, Radaelli M, Capodaglio G, Pierobon M, Del Vecchio S, Buffa G. Hemp cultivation opportunities for marginal lands development. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299981. [PMID: 38512945 PMCID: PMC10956763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Agricultural diversification and high-quality products deriving from sustainable crops such as hemp can represent a solution to revitalize marginal areas and reverse land abandonment. This study aimed at comparing four different hemp cultivars (Carmagnola Selezionata, "CS"; Futura 75, "FUT"; Felina 32, "FEL"; Secuieni Jubileu, "JUB") to provide information to select the best suited cultivar for cultivation in mountain marginal areas and for specific end-use applications. Hemp cultivars were cultivated in a single experimental field to compare their ecological and agronomic behavior (duration of life cycle phases, plant size and biomass allocation, and plant resource-use strategies). Through metabolomic analysis of both vegetative and reproductive parts of the plants we tested the presence of substances of nutraceutical interest and traced seed nutritional profile. The four cultivars had different ecological and agronomic behavior, and nutritional profile. We found several compounds with potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical values in all parts of the plant (leaves, inflorescences, and stems). JUB resulted the most suitable for seed production while CS showed the highest content of bioactive compounds in flowers and leaves. FUT, showed the best suitability for multi-purpose cultivation, while FEL seemed to be not appropriate for the cultivation in mountain area. The multi-disciplinary approach we adopted was effective in distinguish across hemp cultivars and provided information to farmers for the selection of the best hemp cultivar to select. Hemp had a high potential for cultivation in marginal lands, demonstrating to be an economic resource due to its multi-purpose use and to the possibility to generate high-added values products. Our results could serve as a stimulus for the reintroduction of this culture in the study area and in other similar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scalabrin
- National Research Council, Polar Science Institute, Venice-Mestre, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Marta Radaelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capodaglio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Manuela Pierobon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Venice-Mestre, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Vecchio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Venice-Mestre, Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Buffa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ Foscari, Venice-Mestre, Italy
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4
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Behroozian M, Pierce S, Ejtehadi H, Memariani F, Rafiee F, Joharchi MR. Relative contributions of taxonomic and functional diversity to the assembly of plant communities hosting endemic Dianthus species in a mountain steppe. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5471. [PMID: 38443610 PMCID: PMC10915155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant community assembly is the outcome of long-term evolutionary events (evident as taxonomic diversity; TD) and immediate adaptive fitness (functional diversity; FD); a balance expected to shift in favour of FD in 'harsh' habitats under intense selection pressures. We compared TD and FD responses along climatic and edaphic gradients for communities of two species (Dianthus pseudocrinitus and D. polylepis) endemic to the montane steppes of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province, NE Iran. 75 plots at 15 sites were used to relate TD and FD to environmental gradients. In general, greater TD was associated with variation in soil factors (potassium, lime, organic matter contents), whereas FD was constrained by aridity (drought adaptation). Crucially, even plant communities hosting different subspecies of D. polylepis responded differently to aridity: D. polylepis subsp. binaludensis communities included a variety of broadly stress-tolerant taxa with no clear environmental response, but TD of D. polylepis subsp. polylepis communities was directly related to precipitation, with consistently low FD reflecting a few highly specialized stress-tolerators. Integrating taxonomic and functional diversity metrics is essential to understand the communities hosting even extremely closely related taxa, which respond idiosyncratically to climate and soil gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshid Memariani
- Herbarium FUMH, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahime Rafiee
- Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Sheng W, Liu L, Wu Y, Yin M, Yu Q, Guo X, Song H, Guo W. Exploring salt tolerance and indicator traits across four temperate lineages of the common wetland plant, Phragmites australis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169100. [PMID: 38086483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a widely utilized plant for wetland restoration and construction, facing challenges posed by high salinity as a stressor. Among the diverse P. australis lineages, functional traits variation provides a valuable genetic resource for identifying salt-tolerant individuals. However, previous investigations on P. australis salt tolerance have been restricted to regional scales, hindering the identification of key functional traits associated with salt tolerance in natural habitats. To address this gap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to assess and compare the salt tolerance of four major temperate P. australis lineages worldwide. We utilized the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) as a health indicator, while final biomass and wilt status served as indicators of salt tolerance across lineages. Our findings revealed significant differentiation in plant functional traits among different lineages, but no significant effect of interaction between salinity and lineage on most traits. Correlation analyses between salt-tolerance indicators and functional traits in the control group indicated that biomass, leaf width, and relative leaf water content are potential predictors of salt tolerance. However, ecological strategies, physiological traits, and latitudinal origin did not exhibit significant correlations with salt tolerance. Our study provides valuable indicator traits for effectively screening salinity-tolerant genotypes of P. australis in field settings, and holds significant potential for enhancing wetland construction and biomass production in marginal lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lele Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Meiqi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Land Development Group Co., Ltd, 2688 Aotixi Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Huijia Song
- National Natural History Museum of China, 126 Tianqiao South Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Vynokurov D, Borovyk D, Chusova O, Davydova A, Davydov D, Danihelka J, Dembicz I, Iemelianova S, Kolomiiets G, Moysiyenko I, Shapoval V, Shynder O, Skobel N, Buzhdygan O, Kuzemko A. Ukrainian Plant Trait Database: UkrTrait v. 1.0. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e118128. [PMID: 38384789 PMCID: PMC10880025 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e118128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the growing demand for plant trait data and taking into account the lack of trait data from Eastern Europe, especially from its steppic region, we launched a new Ukrainian Plant Trait Database (UkrTrait v. 1.0) aiming at collecting all the available plant trait data from Ukraine.To facilitate further use of this database, we linked the trait terminology to the TRY Plant Trait Database, Thesaurus of Plant Characteristics (TOP) and Plant Trait Ontology (TO). For taxa names, we provide the crosswalks between the Ukrainian checklist and international sources, i.e. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (World Checklist of Vascular Plants (World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP), World Flora Online (WFO) and Euro+Med PlantBase. We aim to integrate our data into the relevant global (TRY Plant Trait Database) and pan-European (FloraVeg.EU) databases. The current version of the database is freely available at the Zenodo repository and will be updated in the future. New information Until now, plant traits for the Ukrainian flora were scattered across literature, often focusing on single species and written mainly in Ukrainian. Additionally, many traits were in grey literature or remained non-digitised, which rendered them inaccessible to the global scientific community. Addressing this gap, our Ukrainian Plant Trait Database (UkrTrait v. 1.0) represents a significant step forward. We compiled and digitised plant traits from local Ukrainian literature sources. Furthermore, we performed our own field and laboratory measurements of various plant traits that were not previously available in literature. In the current version of the UkrTrait, we focus on vascular plant species that are absent from the other European trait databases, with emphasis on species that are representative for the steppe vegetation. Traits assembled from literature include life span (annuals, biennials, perennials), plant height, flowering period (flowering months), life form (by Raunkiaer), plant growth form and others. Our own measured traits include seed mass, seed shape, leaf area, leaf nitrogen concentration and leaf phosphorus concentration. The current version, i.e. UkrTrait v. 1.0, comprises digitised literature data of 287,948 records of 75 traits for 6,198 taxa and our own trait measurements of 2,390 records of 12 traits for 388 taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Vynokurov
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, SpainDepartment of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Dariia Borovyk
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Olha Chusova
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Anastasia Davydova
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Denys Davydov
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Jiří Danihelka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Iwona Dembicz
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Svitlana Iemelianova
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ganna Kolomiiets
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Ivan Moysiyenko
- Department of Botany, Kherson State University, Kherson, UkraineDepartment of Botany, Kherson State UniversityKhersonUkraine
| | - Viktor Shapoval
- Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova" NAAS of Ukraine, Askania-Nova, UkraineFalz-Fein Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova" NAAS of UkraineAskania-NovaUkraine
| | - Oleksandr Shynder
- M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Akademy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineM.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Akademy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Nadiia Skobel
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsawPoland
- Department of Botany, Kherson State University, Kherson, UkraineDepartment of Botany, Kherson State UniversityKhersonUkraine
| | - Oksana Buzhdygan
- Theoretical Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, GermanyTheoretical Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anna Kuzemko
- Department of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineDepartment of Geobotany and Ecology, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
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7
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Guo K, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Kinlock NL, Lučanová M, Leitch IJ, Pierce S, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Guo WY. Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1330. [PMID: 38351066 PMCID: PMC10864296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for specific regions, a multi-factor and multi-stage analysis at the global scale is lacking. Here, we employ a multi-level framework to investigate the interplay between plant characteristics (genome size, Grime's adaptive CSR-strategies and native range size) and economic use and how these factors collectively affect plant naturalization and invasion success worldwide. While our findings derived from structural equation models highlight the substantial contribution of human assistance in both the naturalization and spread of invasive plants, we also uncovered the pivotal role of species' adaptive strategies among the factors studied, and the significantly varying influence of these factors across invasion stages. We further revealed that the effects of genome size on plant invasions were partially mediated by species adaptive strategies and native range size. Our study provides insights into the complex and dynamic process of plant invasions and identifies its key drivers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Evolutionary Plant Biology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Ren J, Wang C, Wang Q, Song W, Sun W. Nitrogen addition regulates the effects of variation in precipitation patterns on plant biomass formation and allocation in a Leymus chinensis grassland of northeast China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1323766. [PMID: 38283970 PMCID: PMC10810989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1323766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to change precipitation amount and reduce precipitation frequency, which may alter grassland primary productivity and biomass allocation, especially when interact with other global change factors, such as nitrogen deposition. The interactive effects of changes in precipitation amount and nitrogen addition on productivity and biomass allocation are extensively studied; however, how these effects may be regulated by the predicted reduction in precipitation frequency remain largely unknown. Using a mesocosm experiment, we investigated responses of primary productivity and biomass allocation to the manipulated changes in precipitation amount (PA: 150 mm, 300 mm, 450 mm), precipitation frequency (PF: medium and low), and nitrogen addition (NA: 0 and 10 g N m-2 yr-1) in a Leymus chinensis grassland. We detected significant effects of the PA, PF and NA treatments on both aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB); but the interactive effects were only significant between the PA and NA on AGB. Both AGB and BGB increased with an increment in precipitation amount and nitrogen addition; the reduction in PF decreased AGB, but increased BGB. The reduced PF treatment induced an enhancement in the variation of soil moisture, which subsequently affected photosynthesis and biomass formation. Overall, there were mismatches in the above- and belowground biomass responses to changes in precipitation regime. Our results suggest the predicted changes in precipitation regime, including precipitation amount and frequency, is likely to alter primary productivity and biomass allocation, especially when interact with nitrogen deposition. Therefore, predicting the influence of global changes on grassland structure and functions requires the consideration of interactions among multiple global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Ren
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Institute of Resources and Ecology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaoxin Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenzheng Song
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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9
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Poorter L, Amissah L, Bongers F, Hordijk I, Kok J, Laurance SGW, Lohbeck M, Martínez-Ramos M, Matsuo T, Meave JA, Muñoz R, Peña-Claros M, van der Sande MT. Successional theories. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:2049-2077. [PMID: 37455023 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology because it indicates how species populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time on new substrate or after a disturbance. A mechanistic understanding of succession is needed to predict how ecosystems will respond to land-use change and to design effective ecosystem restoration strategies. Yet, despite a century of conceptual advances a comprehensive successional theory is lacking. Here we provide an overview of 19 successional theories ('models') and their key points, group them based on conceptual similarity, explain conceptual development in successional ideas and provide suggestions how to move forward. Four groups of models can be recognised. The first group (patch & plants) focuses on plants at the patch level and consists of three subgroups that originated in the early 20th century. One subgroup focuses on the processes (dispersal, establishment, and performance) that operate sequentially during succession. Another subgroup emphasises individualistic species responses during succession, and how this is driven by species traits. A last subgroup focuses on how vegetation structure and underlying demographic processes change during succession. A second group of models (ecosystems) provides a more holistic view of succession by considering the ecosystem, its biota, interactions, diversity, and ecosystem structure and processes. The third group (landscape) considers a larger spatial scale and includes the effect of the surrounding landscape matrix on succession as the distance to neighbouring vegetation patches determines the potential for seed dispersal, and the quality of the neighbouring patches determines the abundance and composition of seed sources and biotic dispersal vectors. A fourth group (socio-ecological systems) includes the human component by focusing on socio-ecological systems where management practices have long-lasting legacies on successional pathways and where regrowing vegetations deliver a range of ecosystem services to local and global stakeholders. The four groups of models differ in spatial scale (patch, landscape) or organisational level (plant species, ecosystem, socio-ecological system), increase in scale and scope, and reflect the increasingly broader perspective on succession over time. They coincide approximately with four periods that reflect the prevailing view of succession of that time, although all views still coexist. The four successional views are: succession of plants (from 1910 onwards) where succession was seen through the lens of species replacement; succession of communities and ecosystems (from 1965 onwards) when there was a more holistic view of succession; succession in landscapes (from 2000 onwards) when it was realised that the structure and composition of landscapes strongly impact successional pathways, and increased remote-sensing technology allowed for a better quantification of the landscape context; and succession with people (from 2015 onwards) when it was realised that people and societal drivers have strong effects on successional pathways, that ecosystem processes and services are important for human well-being, and that restoration is most successful when it is done by and for local people. Our review suggests that the hierarchical successional framework of Pickett is the best starting point to move forward as this framework already includes several factors, and because it is flexible, enabling application to different systems. The framework focuses mainly on species replacement and could be improved by focusing on succession occurring at different hierarchical scales (population, community, ecosystem, socio-ecological system), and by integrating it with more recent developments and other successional models: by considering different spatial scales (landscape, region), temporal scales (ecosystem processes occurring over centuries, and evolution), and by taking the effects of the surrounding landscape (landscape integrity and composition, the disperser community) and societal factors (previous and current land-use intensity) into account. Such a new, comprehensive framework could be tested using a combination of empirical research, experiments, process-based modelling and novel tools. Applying the framework to seres across broadscale environmental and disturbance gradients allows a better insight into what successional processes matter and under what conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, PO Box UP63, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Hordijk
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jazz Kok
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Rd, Smithfield, 4878, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, CP 58190, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Tomonari Matsuo
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masha T van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 342, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Locqueville J, Violle C, McKey D, Caillon S, Coq S. A feedback loop between management, intraspecific trait variation and harvesting practices. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad077. [PMID: 38046405 PMCID: PMC10691405 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in plants is a major ecological mechanism whose local determinants are still poorly understood. In particular, the relationship between this variation and human practices may be key to understanding human-nature relationships. We argue that it is necessary to consider how human practices both influence and depend on the phenotypic variability of species of interest. Arnica montana (arnica) is a good model to study the complex interactions between human actions and plant phenotype, as (i) its ecological niche is shaped by human management actions and (ii) its variability has consequences for harvesters. Using a functional trait approach, we examined feedback loops linking management actions, plant phenotype and harvesting practices. In 27 sites in southeastern France, we measured vegetative and reproductive functional traits of arnica of interest for harvesters, and recorded management actions (grazing; mowing) and ecological variables (including height of surrounding vegetation and tree cover). We examined their effects on plant traits with linear mixed models and used path analysis to test if the effects of human management on traits are mediated by the height of surrounding vegetation. Management actions affected functional traits of arnica. Biomass removal practices (grazing, mowing) were associated with smaller plants producing smaller leaves with reduced specific leaf area. We uncovered the core role of the height of surrounding vegetation in determining this phenotype. Tree cover was associated with reduced flowering. The observed intraspecific variation in response to management actions differentially impacts the two main harvesting practices. Flower-head harvesting depends on reproductive traits that are not impacted by mowing (which is done in winter) but adversely affected by tree cover. In contrast, traits associated with large biomass under tree cover or with high surrounding vegetation are favourable for whole-plant harvesters. Our trait-based approach unveiled clear links between management actions and plant phenotype, with impacts on both vegetative and reproductive traits. These changes induced by management also affect the practices of harvesters. We thus demonstrated a feedback loop between human actions and plant phenotype and provided a novel perspective on human-related causes and consequences of plant intraspecific variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Locqueville
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS EPHE, IRD, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS EPHE, IRD, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Doyle McKey
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS EPHE, IRD, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Sophie Caillon
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS EPHE, IRD, Montpellier 34293, France
| | - Sylvain Coq
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS EPHE, IRD, Montpellier 34293, France
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11
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Kim EJ, Lee SH, Kim SH, Park JH, You YH. Changes in Competitors, Stress Tolerators, and Ruderals (CSR) Ecological Strategies after the Introduction of Shrubs and Trees in Disturbed Semiarid Steppe Grasslands in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1479. [PMID: 38132305 PMCID: PMC10740407 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the changes in the life history characteristics of grassland plants due to vegetation restoration, plant species and communities were analyzed for their competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) ecological strategies after the introduction of woody plants in the damaged steppe grassland and were compared with those in reference sites in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. As a result, it was found that the introduction of the woody plants (Corethrodeneron fruticosum, Caragana microphylla, Populus canadensis, and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) into the damaged land greatly increased the plant species diversity and CSR eco-functional diversity as the succession progressed. The plant strategies of the temperate typical steppe (TTS) and woodland steppe (WS) in this Asian steppe are CSR and S/SR, respectively, which means that the plants are adapted to disturbances or stress. As the restoration time elapsed in the damaged lands exhibiting (R/CR) (Corispermum hyssopifolium), the ecological strategies were predicted to change in two ways: (1) →R/CSR (Cynanchum thesioides, Astragalus laxmannii, etc.) → CSR in places (TSS) (Galium verum var. asiaticum, Saussurea japonica, etc.) where only shrubs were introduced, and (2) → S/SR (Allium mongolicum, Ulmus pumila, etc.) → S/SR in sites (WS) (Ulmus pumila, Thalictrum squarrosum, etc.) where trees and shrubs were planted simultaneously. The results mean that the driving force that causes succession in the restoration of temperate grasslands is determined by the life-form (trees/shrubs) of the introduced woody plants. This means that for the restoration of these grasslands to be successful, it is necessary to introduce woody tree species at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Joo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Seung-Hyuk Lee
- Garden Promotion Department, Korea Arboreta and Gardens Institute, Sejong-si 30129, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
| | - Young-Han You
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-H.P.)
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12
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Kang P, Cheng J, Hu J, Jing Y, Wang J, Yang H, Ding X, Yan X. Quercus wutaishanica shrub affects temperate forest community composition and soil properties under different restoration stage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294159. [PMID: 37976250 PMCID: PMC10655981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercus wutaishanica is the dominant tree species in the natural ecosystem restoration of temperate forests in China, and it plays an active role in maintaining ecological balance. However, little is known about how ecosystem versatility develops during the restoration of forest ecosystems dominated by Q. wutaishanica. In this study, we investigated the species composition of the Q. wutaishanica community, soil nutrients, and their functional traits at various restoration stages, and comprehensively analyzed the correlations among them. At the early stage of restoration (10 years of restoration), there were Spiraea pubescens and Syringa pubescens in Q. wutaishanica community (87% of the total species), while had a larger niche width. In the middle of restoration (30 years of restoration), shannon and evenness indices were the largest, while soil total carbon, ammonium nitrogen and chlorophyll content of Q. wutaishanica leaves were the highest; among them, soil total carbon was 15.7% higher than that in 10 years of restoration, 32.4% higher than that in 40 years of restoration, ammonium nitrogen was 71.7% higher than that in 40 years of restoration, and chlorophyll content was 217.9% higher than that in 10 years of restoration, and 51.8% higher than that in 40 years of restoration. At the later stage of restoration (40 years of restoration), Lonicera ferdinandii occupied the dominant ecological niche, and soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus content and leaf thickness were the largest; while AN was 10.9% higher than that of 10 years of restoration, 16.5% higher than that of 30 years of restoration, AP was 60.6% higher than that of 10 years of restoration, 21.6% higher than that of 30 years of restoration, leaf thickness was 22.3% higher than that of 10 years of restoration, 84.9% higher than that of 30 years of restoration. However, the restriction of various soil nutrients was reduced. Our study highlighted the effectiveness of soil resource availability in plant communities during restoration, reduced competition for light among plants, and altered species richness. Furthermore, changes in the interrelationship between plant community composition and leaf functional traits of the dominant species responded positively to community restoration. These results further deepen our understanding of forest management and restoration of forest communities. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the influence of various factors on forest community restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kang
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiming Cheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinpeng Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yongshun Jing
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Liupanshan Forestry Bureau, Guyuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingfu Yan
- College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yinchuan, China
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13
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Wala M, Kołodziejek J, Mazur J, Patykowski J. Experimental investigation of the responses of meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris L.) to sodic salinity and its implications for habitat monitoring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15611. [PMID: 37730898 PMCID: PMC10511526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ranunculus acris L. is a native species widely distributed throughout Europe and is invasive in nonnative areas, causing substantial economic losses in pasture productivity. The present study examined the effects of sodic salinity on the growth and functioning of this species. Salinity stresses the germination process and seedling growth, indicating that the studied species experience serious limitations at 60-90 mmol dm-3 NaCl and cannot establish in habitats where salinity is equal to or greater than 150 mmol dm-3 NaCl. R. acris is tuned to subsaline habitats characteristic of temperate meadows, as its growth and functioning were the best when the plants were treated with 30 mmol dm-3 NaCl. Increasing salinity (60 and 90 mmol dm-3 NaCl) hampered growth, leaf morphology and photosynthesis but not mineral nutrition, as Na accumulation seemed to be the most outlined effect of NaCl application. Changes in leaf morphological characteristics coordinated well with Na content in those organs, which indicates that leaf appearance can be easily catchable sign of progressing salinity. Ultimately, progressing salinity reduces the competitiveness of the studied species, shifting its strategy to ruderal behavior, but under subsaline conditions, the strategy of this species seems to be most balanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Wala
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Jeremi Kołodziejek
- Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Mazur
- Laboratory of Computer and Analytical Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
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14
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Ceriani A, Dalle Fratte M, Agosto G, Montagnoli A, Cerabolini BEL. Using Plant Functional Traits to Define the Biomass Energy Potential of Invasive Alien Plant Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3198. [PMID: 37765361 PMCID: PMC10535227 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The eradication of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) is mandatory worldwide, but the resulting biomass is still considered waste. The energy use of biomasses obtained from IAPS eradication may represent ecological and economic benefits, creating synergies with restoration projects. We evaluated whether the growth forms and functional types identified using the functional space of 63 IAPS corresponded to a possible bioenergy use through multivariate analysis techniques. We extracted leaf and nutrient traits and Grime's CSR plant strategies from an existing database. We calculated the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N) and gross heating value (GHV) as indicators of biochemical or thermal processes, respectively. For 10 species, we measured the above-ground biomass C:N and GHV (including leaves, stems and branches) and correlated them with those of leaves and with plant adaptive strategies. We identified four groups of IAPS indicative of the main trade-offs between plant economics and size variation, which respectively correlated with C:N and GHV. Herbaceous IAPS were better suited to biochemical processes, and woody IAPS to thermal ones. Overall, Grime's CSR strategies were the best tool to define the IAPS bioenergy potential. In the long term, competitive and ruderal IAPSs can represent a reusable feedstock until their complete eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ceriani
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Michele Dalle Fratte
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Gustavo Agosto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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15
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Qi L, Song Y, Zhang P, Sun W, Wang W, Yi S, Li J, Liu H, Bi Z, Du N, Guo W. The combined effect of fire and nitrogen addition on biodiversity and herbaceous aboveground productivity in a coastal shrubland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240591. [PMID: 37705707 PMCID: PMC10497117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Fire and nitrogen (N) deposition each impact biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. However, the effect of N deposition on ecosystem recovery after fire is still far from understood, especially in coastal wetlands. Methods We selected a typical coastal shrubland to simulate three N deposition levels (0, 10, and 20 g N m-2 year-1) under two different burned conditions (unburned and burned) in the Yellow River Delta of North China. Soil properties, soil microbial biodiversity, shrub growth parameters, herbaceous biodiversity, and aboveground productivity were determined after experimental treatments for 1 year. Results We found that fire had a stronger influence on the ecosystem than N addition. One year after the fire, shrub growth had significantly decreased, while soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, herbaceous biodiversity, soil microbial biodiversity, and herbaceous aboveground productivity significantly increased. Conversely, a single year of N addition only slightly increased herbaceous aboveground productivity. The combined effect of fire and N addition was only significant for fungus biodiversity and otherwise had minimal influence. Interestingly, we found that herbaceous aboveground productivity was positively associated with fungal community diversity under unburned conditions but not in burned shrublands. Fire showed a great impact on soil parameters and biodiversity in the coastal wetland ecosystem even after a full year of recovery. Discussion Fire may also diminish the influence of several belowground factors on herbaceous aboveground productivity, which ultimately reduces recovery and stability. Appropriate N addition may be an effective way to improve the ecosystem productivity in a wetland dominated by shrub species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Puyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Observation and Research Station of Bohai Strait Eco-Corridor, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Shijie Yi
- Observation and Research Station of Bohai Strait Eco-Corridor, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying, China
| | - Haifang Liu
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying, China
| | - Zhenggang Bi
- Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Committee, Dongying, China
| | - Ning Du
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning, Protection and Restoration of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Tonin R, Wilhelmi S, Gültas M, Gerdol R, Paun O, Trucchi E, Schmitt AO, Wellstein C. Ice holes microrefugia harbor genetically and functionally distinct populations of Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Ericaceae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13055. [PMID: 37567871 PMCID: PMC10421893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mountain terrain, ice holes are little depressions between rock boulders that are characterized by the exit of cold air able to cool down the rock surface even in summer. This cold air creates cold microrefugia in warmer surroundings that preserve plant species probably over thousands of years under extra-zonal climatic conditions. We hypothesized that ice hole populations of the model species Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Ericaceae) show genetic differentiation from nearby zonal subalpine populations, and high functional trait distinctiveness, in agreement with genetic patterns. We genotyped almost 30,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and measured eight functional traits indicative of individual performance and ecological strategies. Genetic results showed high differentiation among the six populations suggesting isolation. On siliceous bedrock, ice hole individuals exhibited higher levels of admixture than those from subalpine populations which could have experienced more bottlenecks during demographic fluctuations related to glacial cycles. Ice hole and subalpine calcareous populations clearly separated from siliceous populations, indicating a possible effect of bedrock in shaping genetic patterns. Trait analysis reflected the bedrock effect on populations' differentiation. The significant correlation between trait and genetic distances suggests the genetic contribution in shaping intraspecific functional differentiation. In conclusion, extra-zonal populations reveal a prominent genetic and phenotypic differentiation determined by history and ecological contingency. Therefore, microrefugia populations can contribute to the overall variability of the species and lead to intraspecific-driven responses to upcoming environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Tonin
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bozen, Italy
| | - Selina Wilhelmi
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, 59494, Soest, Germany
| | - Renato Gerdol
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ovidiu Paun
- Department for Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emiliano Trucchi
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armin Otto Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Camilla Wellstein
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100, Bozen, Italy.
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17
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Wingler A, Sandel B. Relationships of the competitor, stress tolerator, ruderal functional strategies of grass species with lifespan, photosynthetic type, naturalization and climate. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad021. [PMID: 37197712 PMCID: PMC10184452 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Grass species (family Poaceae) are globally distributed, adapted to a wide range of climates and express a diversity of functional strategies. We explored the functional strategies of grass species using the competitor, stress tolerator, ruderal (CSR) system and asked how a species' strategy relates to its functional traits, climatic distribution and propensity to become naturalized outside its native range. We used a global set of trait data for grass species to classify functional strategies according to the CSR system based on leaf traits. Differences in strategies in relation to lifespan (annual or perennial), photosynthetic type (C3 or C4), or naturalisation (native or introduced) were investigated. In addition, correlations with traits not included in the CSR classification were analyzed, and a model was fitted to predict a species' average mean annual temperature and annual precipitation across its range as a function of CSR scores. Values for competitiveness were higher in C4 species than in C3 species, values for stress tolerance were higher in perennials than in annuals, and introduced species had more pronounced competitive-ruderal strategies than native species. Relationships between the CSR classification, based on leaf traits, and other functional traits were analyzed. Competitiveness was positively correlated with height, while ruderality was correlated with specific root length, indicating that both above- and belowground traits underlying leaf and root economics contribute to realized CSR strategies. Further, relationships between climate and CSR classification showed that species with competitive strategies were more common in warm climates and at high precipitation, whereas species with stress tolerance strategies were more common in cold climates and at low precipitation. The findings presented here demonstrate that CSR classification of functional strategies based on leaf traits matches expectations for the adaptations of grass species that underlie lifespan, photosynthetic type, naturalization and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
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Aragón L, Messier J, Atuesta-Escobar N, Lasso E. Tropical shrubs living in an extreme environment show convergent ecological strategies but divergent ecophysiological strategies. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:491-502. [PMID: 36655596 PMCID: PMC10072103 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Trait-based frameworks assess plant survival strategies using different approaches. Some frameworks use functional traits to assign species to a priori defined ecological strategies. Others use functional traits as the central element of a species ecophysiological strategy. We compared these two approaches by asking: (1) what is the primary ecological strategy of three dominant co-occurring shrub species from inselbergs based on the CSR scheme, and (2) what main functional traits characterize the ecophysiological strategy of the species based on their use of carbon, water and light? METHODS We conducted our study on a Colombian inselberg. In this extreme environment with multiple stressors (high temperatures and low resource availability), we expected all species to be stress tolerant (S in the CSR scheme) and have similar ecophysiological strategies. We measured 22 anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf traits. KEY RESULTS The three species have convergent ecological strategies as measured by CSR (S, Acanthella sprucei; and S/CS, Mandevilla lancifolia and Tabebuia orinocensis) yet divergent resource-use strategies as measured by their functional traits. A. sprucei has the most conservative carbon use, risky water use and a shade-tolerant strategy. M. lancifolia has acquisitive carbon use, safe water use and a shade-tolerant strategy. T. orinocensis has intermediate carbon use, safe water use and a light-demanding strategy. Additionally, stomatal traits that are easy to measure are valuable to describe resource-use strategies because they are highly correlated with two physiological functions that are hard to measure: stomatal conductance and maximum photosynthesis per unit mass. CONCLUSIONS The two approaches provide complementary information on species strategies. Plant species can co-occur in extreme environments, such as inselbergs, because they exhibit convergent primary ecological strategies but divergent ecophysiological strategies, allowing them to use limiting resources differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Aragón
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Messier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Eloisa Lasso
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apt. 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá
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Dong H, Xie L, Cao H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xing J, Fu X, Wang J, Han D, Zhong H, Luo C, Qu Y, Ni H, Wang J. Propagation strategies of Deyeuxia angustifolia in heterogeneous habitats. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants utilize different strategies in different environments to maximize population expansion. Understanding plant reproductive strategies in heterogeneous habitats is therefore important for explaining plant ecological adaptability, and for effectively managing and conserving ecosystems. We wanted to explore the reproductive strategy transformation of D. angustifolia in heterogeneous habitats, as well as the environmental factors driving and affecting its reproductive characteristics. To do this we measured the reproductive characteristics of D. angustifolia, as well as the soil physical and chemical properties of these heterogeneous habitats. The density, biomass per unit area, and proportion of aboveground biomass in swampy meadows were significantly higher compared to other habitats. The proportion of rhizome node buds gradually increased from swampy to typical to miscellaneous grass meadows, while the proportion of tillering node buds decreased. The allocation of sexual reproduction within D. angustifolia populations was significantly and positively correlated with plant rhizome biomass and negatively correlated with the number of tillering node buds. The propagation strategies of D. angustifolia in heterogeneous habitats were consistent with CSR theory (Competitor, Stress-tolerator, and Ruderal). The proportions of inflorescence (2.07 ± 0.52%; 1.01 ± 0.15%) and root (23.8 ± 1.5%; 19.6 ± 1.4%) biomass in miscellaneous and typical meadows were high, which tended toward the “Ruderal” adaptation strategy. In swampy meadow, D. angustifolia invested mostly in vegetative growth to produce tiller node buds (14426.67 buds/m2; 46%) and ramets (1327.11 ± 102.10 plants/m2), which is characteristic of the “Competitor” strategy. Swamp D. angustifolia resisted flooding by maintaining a resource balance in its body, and was therefore biased toward the “Stress-tolerator” strategy. Environmental factors accounted for 74.63% of reproductive characteristic variation, in which the interpretative proportions of soil water content, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were significant (p < 0.01). When soil water content, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen increased, D. angustifolia tended toward the C strategy; in contrast, when soil water content decreased, amine nitrogen and available phosphorus increased, and D. angustifolia tended toward the R strategy. In a stressful environment, the escape mechanism constitutes an increased rhizome and sexual reproduction investment. In contrast, for suitable habitats, tillering node buds increased in order to expand the population via new plant production, which was the propagation strategy of D. angustifolia in heterogeneous habitats.
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Wang J, Zhang C, Luo P, Yang H, Luo C. Water yield response to plant community conversion caused by vegetation degradation and improvement in an alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159174. [PMID: 36191703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water provision is an important ecological function of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Quantitative assessment of the effects of vegetation change induced by vegetation degradation and improvement on water yield (WY) in alpine meadows is urgent for rational water and grassland resources conservation and management. Previous studies mainly focused on the effects of vegetation coverage. What is less clear is how the WY of alpine meadow changes under plant community conversion caused by vegetation degradation and improvement. To test the hypotheses that lysimeter drainage (LD) decreases in the vegetation-degraded meadow and recovers in the vegetation-improved meadow, and the LD decreases as the stress tolerance of dominant strategy decreases, in situ lysimeters with intact monoliths of well-vegetated alpine meadows subjected to vegetation intact (sedge-dominated), degraded (forb-dominated) and improved (fast-growing grass-dominated) were employed, and then plant communities among treatments were compared based on the quantitative competitor, stress tolerator, and ruderal (CSR) theory. Compared to the vegetation-intact monoliths, the LD of vegetation-degraded monoliths was 59 % lower owing to the deeper roots and greater aboveground growth. The LD of vegetation-improved monoliths was 83 % higher than that of vegetation-degraded monoliths due to the shallower roots but was 25 % lower than that of vegetation-intact monoliths due to the greater aboveground growth. The LD decreased along a plant community conversion gradient in which the S-selection of the dominance strategy decreased (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.022) and the C-selection increased (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.001), likely due to the significant covariation between community-weighted CSR strategy with eco-hydrological plant and soil properties. These results indicated that the community conversion caused by vegetation degradation reduces the WY of alpine meadows, and sowing fast-growing grasses can only partly restore this function. Application of stress-tolerant plants for vegetation improvement may be more efficient in recovering the WY of degraded meadows, especially in flat meadows under humid climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuan Luo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Temporal dynamics in alpine snowpatch plants along a snowmelt gradient explained by functional traits and strategies. Oecologia 2023; 201:155-171. [PMID: 36472669 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alpine snowpatches are characterised by persistent snow cover, short growing seasons and periglacial processes, which has resulted in highly specialised plant communities. Hence, these snowpatch communities are among the most threatened from climate change. However, temporal dynamics in snowpatch microclimate and plant composition are rarely explored, especially in the marginal alpine environments of Australia. Seven snowpatches were categorised into early, mid and late snowmelt zones based on growing season length, with soil temperatures recorded from 2003 to 2020 and plant composition surveyed in 84 1 m2 quadrats in 2007, 2013 and 2020. Microclimate, species diversity, plant cover and composition, along with community-weighted trait means and plant strategies were assessed to understand snowpatch dynamics in response to climate change. We found that growing season length and temperatures have increased in late melt zones, while changes were less consistent in early and mid melt zones. There were few changes in species diversity, but increases in graminoids and declines in snowpatch specialists in mid and late melt zones. Community-weighted plant height, leaf area and leaf weight also increased, particularly in mid and late melt zones, while plant strategies shifted from compositions of ruderal-tolerant to stress-tolerant. Here, we show that snowpatch communities are rapidly changing in response to longer growing seasons and warmer temperatures, with the greatest changes occurring where snow persists the longest. The results highlight the climate-induced loss of defining biotic and abiotic characteristics of snowpatches, as temporal convergence of compositions along snowmelt gradients threatens the distinctiveness of snowpatch plant communities.
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Growth-survival trade-offs and the restoration of non-forested open ecosystems. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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23
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Rojas‐Sandoval J, Ackerman JD, Marcano‐Vega H, Willig MR. Alien species affect the abundance and richness of native species in tropical forests: The role of adaptive strategies. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - James D. Ackerman
- Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico USA
| | | | - Michael R. Willig
- Institute of the Environment, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
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Krauss L, Rippy MA. Adaptive strategy biases in engineered ecosystems: Implications for plant community dynamics and the provisioning of ecosystem services to people. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Krauss
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Manassas Virginia USA
| | - Megan A. Rippy
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Manassas Virginia USA
- Center for Coastal Studies Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
- Disaster Resilience and Risk Management (DRRM) Blacksburg Virginia USA
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Yang KT, Zhao LH, Li Z, Zhou WZ, Lu J, Chen GP. Do the same genus plants have consistent adaptation strategies in cold-wet environments? A case study of leaf suitability of 19 Syringa species. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gardarin A, Valantin‐Morison M. Initial assemblage characteristics determine the functional dynamics of flower-strip plant communities. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9435. [PMID: 36267684 PMCID: PMC9579737 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In agroecosystems, species‐rich habitats, such as linear field margins and flower strips, are beneficial to the overall biodiversity and contribute to pest control. Their effects are thought to be mediated by plant species composition and diversity. However, the management of plant communities with targeted levels of functional diversity has been little investigated. In an open field landscape, we compared the effects of the sown species richness (9, 14, and 29 species) and functional diversity (high vs. low) of eight different seed mixtures, sown in flower strips, on the 4‐year temporal dynamics of their functional diversity. There was a good agreement between the expected and realized species richness and functional diversity at the start of the experiment. All plant assemblages progressively lost species over time, but this decline was lower for assemblages sown with a high initial functional diversity, in which species evenness was maintained at higher levels. Species‐rich assemblages had a higher degree of functional redundancy, and their functional diversity remained higher over time than less rich assemblages. A possible explanation for this is that functional redundancy would have enabled the compensation for the loss of species by functionally equivalent species. The realized functional diversity of the sown species also limited the establishment of spontaneous species, perhaps due to a higher degree of niche occupancy. This study provides useful insight into the creation of functionally diversified plant communities. A high level of initial species and functional diversity is required to guarantee a greater temporal persistence of the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gardarin
- UMR Agronomie, INRAE, AgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayThiverval‐GrignonFrance
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Relating Trait Variation to Species and Community Productivity in Contrasting Oro-Mediterranean Pastures: A 7-Years Study in the Pollino National Park (S-Italy). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192471. [PMID: 36235336 PMCID: PMC9570707 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how functional traits influence community assemblage and functioning is crucial for assessing the effects of global change on vegetation composition. We studied the functional composition (i.e., plant size (SIZE), leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf dry matter content (LDMC)) of a xerophile pasture and a mesophile grassland in southern Italy, and recorded species richness (SR), plant cover (COV) and flowering rates (FLOW) over a 7-year period. Both communities revealed the dominance of stress-tolerators, probably reflecting an adaptation to the Mediterranean climate. The functional classification of species distinguished three groups. Species from the mesophile community had larger SIZE and LA, while those from the xerophile pasture showed higher LDMC; SLA was not connected to the source community. Community-level analyses confirmed such patterns, but with higher SLA in the mesophile grassland. While SR was comparable, COV and FLOW varied between the communities. At the species level, LDMC was positively related to FLOW and the inter-annual variability of COV and FLOW. At the community level, SIZE, LA and SLA were positively related to COV, while LDMC was positively related to FLOW. Trait variations can significantly contribute to the xerophile–mesophile shift in Mediterranean mountain vegetation, by regulating the productivity of species and communities in the two contexts and, possibly, their responsiveness to global change.
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Yu H, Chen Y, Zhou G, Xu Z. Coordination of leaf functional traits under climatic warming in an arid ecosystem. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:439. [PMID: 36100908 PMCID: PMC9472406 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03818-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climatic warming is increasing regionally and globally, and results concerning warming and its consequent drought impacts have been reported extensively. However, due to a lack of quantitative analysis of warming severities, it is still unclear how warming and warming-induced drought influence leaf functional traits, particularly how the traits coordinate with each other to cope with climatic change. To address these uncertainties, we performed a field experiment with ambient, moderate and severe warming regimes in an arid ecosystem over 4 years. RESULTS Severe warming significantly reduced the specific leaf area and net photosynthetic rate with a relatively stable change and even enhancement under moderate warming, especially showing species-specific performance. The current results largely indicate that a coordinated trade-off can exist between plant functional traits in plant communities in a dryland ecosystem under ambient temperature conditions, which is strongly amplified by moderate warming but diminished or even eliminated by severe warming. Based on the present findings and recent results in the relevant literature, we advance the ecological conceptual models (e.g., LES and CSR) in the response to climatic warming in arid grassland communities, where the few key species play a crucial role by balancing their functional performances to cope with environmental change. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of coordination and/or trade-off between leaf functional traits for understanding patterns of climatic change-induced vegetation degradation and suggest that the plant community composition in these drylands could be shifted under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhuji, 311800, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Yu J, Hou G, Zhou T, Shi P, Zong N, Sun J. Variation of plant CSR strategies across a precipitation gradient in the alpine grasslands on the northern Tibet Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156512. [PMID: 35679928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying ecological strategies based on functional traits can help us better understand plants' adaptations and changes in ecological processes, and thus predict the impact of climate change on ecosystems, especially in the vulnerable alpine grasslands. Herein, we investigated the plant CSR strategies of four grassland types (alpine meadows, AM; alpine meadow steppes, AMS; alpine steppes, AS; and alpine desert steppes, ADS) and its functional groups (grasses, sedges, legumes, and forbs) along the east-to-west gradient of decreasing precipitation on the northern Tibetan grasslands by using Grime's CSR (C: competitor, S: stress tolerator, and R: ruderal) analysis. Although alpine grasslands were dominated by S-strategy, our results also indicated that AM with higher water, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability had significantly lower S-strategy values and relatively higher C- and R-strategy values (C: S: R = 6: 63: 31 %) than those in AMS (C: S: R = 3: 94: 3 %,), AS (C: S: R = 3: 87: 10 %), and ADS (C: S: R = 1: 94: 5 %). The CSR strategy values of forbs and legumes showed greater variability compared with grasses and sedges in the environmental gradient. Furthermore, water variability on the precipitation gradient eventually affected plant traits and CSR strategies through soil N and P availability and pH. Our findings highlighted that plant CSR strategies were regulated by the availability of soil resources, and plants adopted more flexible adaptation strategies in relatively resource-rich environments. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of plant adaptation to the changing environment in the alpine grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tiancai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ning Zong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Veeken A, Santos MJ, McGowan S, Davies AL, Schrodt F. Pollen-based reconstruction reveals the impact of the onset of agriculture on plant functional trait composition. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1937-1951. [PMID: 35816121 PMCID: PMC9544184 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The onset of agriculture improved the capacity of ecosystems to produce food, but inadvertently altered other vital ecosystem functions. Plant traits play a central role in determining ecosystem properties, therefore we investigated how the onset of agriculture in Europe changed plant trait composition using 78 pollen records. Using a novel Bayesian approach for reconstructing plant trait composition from pollen records, we provide a robust method that can account for trait variability within pollen types. We estimate an overall four-fold decrease in plant size through agriculture and associated decreases in leaf and seed size. We show an increase in niche space towards the resource-acquisitive end of the leaf economic spectrum. Decreases in leaf phosphorus might have been caused by nutrient depletion through grazing and burning. Our results show that agriculture, from its start, has likely been gradually impacting biogeochemical cycles through altered vegetation composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria J Santos
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne McGowan
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Aquatic Ecology Department, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Althea L Davies
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Ecological Strategy Spectra for Communities of Different Successional Stages in the Tropical Lowland Rainforest of Hainan Island. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant ecological strategies are shaped by long-term adaptation to the environment and are beneficial to plant survival and reproduction. Research is ongoing to better understand how plants best allocate resources for growth, survival and reproduction, as well as how ecological strategies may shift in plant communities over the course of succession. In this study, 12 forest dynamics plots in three different successional stages were selected for study in the tropical lowland rainforest ecosystem of Hainan Island. For each plot, using Grime’s competitor, a stress-tolerator, the ruderal (CSR) scheme and using the CSR ratio tool “StrateFy”, an ecological strategy spectrum was constructed using functional trait data obtained by collecting leaf samples from all woody species. The ecological strategy spectra were compared across successional stages to reveal successional dynamics. The results showed: (1) The ecological strategy spectra varied among forest communities belonging to three different successional stages. (2) The community-weighted mean CSR (CWM-CSR) strategies shifted with succession: CWM-S values decreased, while the CWM-C and CWM-R values increased. Overall, shifts in plant functional traits occurred slowly and steadily with succession showing complex and diverse trade-offs and leading to variation among the ecological strategy spectra of different successional stages.
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Endemic Plants Can Be Resources for Mountain Agro-Ecosystems: The Case of Sanguisorba dodecandra Moretti. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sanguisorba dodecandra Moretti is an endemic plant of the Alps of the Lombardy region (Northern Italy). Differently from most endemic species, this plant grows in diverse environments, and it is often very abundant and a distinctive element of some mountain and sub-alpine agro-ecosystems. The ecological features and the role of this species in some mountain agricultural activities are poorly investigated. This article shows the results of a synecological analysis of S. dodecandra and the evaluation of its functional strategy. Furthermore, its forage value was investigated and melissopalynological analysis was used to characterize the honey produced in an area where this species grows. The ecological analysis defined this plant as euriecious and ruderal/competitive-ruderal strategist. Bromatological analysis showed a good forage value, confirming the ethnobotanical knowledge concerning this species. In fact, it has good protein content (12.92 ± 1.89%) and non-fiber carbohydrates (47.12 ± 3.62%) in pre-flowering. S. dodecandra pollen was identified as a “frequent pollen” in the honey, showing that this plant is attractive to honeybees. This research allowed a deeper knowledge of S. dodecandra ecology and showed that this species is a resource for traditional and sustainable agricultural activities of the Lombardy Alps such as pastoralism and beekeeping.
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Vasseur F, Cornet D, Beurier G, Messier J, Rouan L, Bresson J, Ecarnot M, Stahl M, Heumos S, Gérard M, Reijnen H, Tillard P, Lacombe B, Emanuel A, Floret J, Estarague A, Przybylska S, Sartori K, Gillespie LM, Baron E, Kazakou E, Vile D, Violle C. A Perspective on Plant Phenomics: Coupling Deep Learning and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836488. [PMID: 35668791 PMCID: PMC9163986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The trait-based approach in plant ecology aims at understanding and classifying the diversity of ecological strategies by comparing plant morphology and physiology across organisms. The major drawback of the approach is that the time and financial cost of measuring the traits on many individuals and environments can be prohibitive. We show that combining near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with deep learning resolves this limitation by quickly, non-destructively, and accurately measuring a suite of traits, including plant morphology, chemistry, and metabolism. Such an approach also allows to position plants within the well-known CSR triangle that depicts the diversity of plant ecological strategies. The processing of NIRS through deep learning identifies the effect of growth conditions on trait values, an issue that plagues traditional statistical approaches. Together, the coupling of NIRS and deep learning is a promising high-throughput approach to capture a range of ecological information on plant diversity and functioning and can accelerate the creation of extensive trait databases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Cornet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Grégory Beurier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Messier
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lauriane Rouan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Bresson
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Ecarnot
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Mark Stahl
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Heumos
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marianne Gérard
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Reijnen
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Tillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Emanuel
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Floret
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Kevin Sartori
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Etienne Baron
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elena Kazakou
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Temperature Mediates the Dynamic of MODIS NPP in Alpine Grassland on the Tibetan Plateau, 2001–2019. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although alpine grassland net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in balancing the carbon cycle and is extremely vulnerable to climate factors, on the Tibetan Plateau, the generalized effect of climate factors on the NPP in areas with humid and arid conditions is still unknown. Hence, we determined the effects of precipitation and temperature on the MODIS NPP in alpine grassland areas from 2001 to 2019 according to information from humid and arid climatic regions. On a spatial scale, we found that temperature generated a larger effect on the NPP than precipitation did in humid regions, but as a primary factor, precipitation had an impact on the NPP in arid regions. These results suggest that temperature and precipitation are the primary limiting factors for plant growth in humid and arid regions. We also found that temperature produced a greater effect on the NPP in humid regions than in arid regions, but no significant differences were observed in the effects of precipitation on the NPP in humid and arid regions. In a time series (2001–2019), the effects of precipitation and temperature on the NPP presented fluctuating decrease (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.05) and increase (R2 = 0.24, p < 0.05) trends in arid regions. However, the effect of the climate on the NPP remained stable in humid regions. In both humid and arid regions, the dynamics of the NPP from 2001 to 2019 were mediated by an increase in temperature. Specifically, 35.9% and 2.57% of the dynamic NPP in humid regions and 45.1 and 7.53% of the dynamic NPP in arid regions were explained by variations in the temperature and precipitation, respectively. Our findings highlighted that grassland areas in humid regions can adapt to dynamic climates, but plants in arid regions are sensitive to changes in the climate. These findings can increase our understanding of climate and ecological responses and provide a framework for adapting management practices.
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Li T, Yang H, Yang X, Guo Z, Fu D, Liu C, Li S, Pan Y, Zhao Y, Xu F, Gao Y, Duan C. Community assembly during vegetation succession after metal mining is driven by multiple processes with temporal variation. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8882. [PMID: 35509610 PMCID: PMC9055294 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms governing community assembly is fundamental to ecological restoration and clarification of the assembly processes associated with severe disturbances (characterized by no biological legacy and serious environmental problems) is essential. However, a systematic understanding of community assembly in the context of severe anthropogenic disturbance remains lacking. Here, we explored community assembly processes after metal mining, which is considered to be a highly destructive activity to provide insight into the assembly rules associated with severe anthropogenic disturbance. Using a chronosequence approach, we selected vegetation patches representing different successional stages and collected data on eight plant functional traits from each stage. The traits were classified as establishment and regenerative traits. Based on these traits, null models were constructed to identify the processes driving assembly at various successional stages. Comparison of our observations with the null models indicated that establishment and regenerative traits converged in the primary stage of succession. As succession progressed, establishment traits shifted to neutral assembly, whereas regeneration traits alternately converged and diverged. The observed establishment traits were equal to expected values, whereas regenerative traits diverged significantly after more than 20 years of succession. Furthermore, the available Cr content was linked strongly to species' ecological strategies. In the initial stages of vegetation succession in an abandoned metal mine, the plant community was mainly affected by the available metal content and dispersal limitation. It was probably further affected by strong interspecific interaction after the environmental conditions had improved, and stochastic processes became dominant during the stage with a successional age of more than 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Huaju Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Xinting Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Zhaolai Guo
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Denggao Fu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Chang’e Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Shiyu Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Ying Pan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Yonggui Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
| | - Fang Xu
- YICI Municipal Garden Engineering Co. Ltd Kunming China
| | - Yang Gao
- YICI Municipal Garden Engineering Co. Ltd Kunming China
| | - Changqun Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Kunming China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments Yunnan University Kunming China
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Junker RR, Albrecht J, Becker M, Keuth R, Farwig N, Schleuning M. Towards an animal economics spectrum for ecosystem research. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants Department of Biology University of Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity University of Salzburg 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcel Becker
- Conservation Ecology Department of Biology University of Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Raya Keuth
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Conservation Ecology Department of Biology University of Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Senckenberganlage 25 60325 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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37
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Wang B, Allison SD. Climate-Driven Legacies in Simulated Microbial Communities Alter Litter Decomposition Rates. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.841824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying diversity-functioning relationships have been a consistent area of inquiry in biogeochemistry since the 1950s. Though these mechanisms remain unresolved in soil microbiomes, many approaches at varying scales have pointed to the same notion—composition matters. Confronting the methodological challenge arising from the complexity of microbiomes, this study used the model DEMENTpy, a trait-based modeling framework, to explore trait-based drivers of microbiome-dependent litter decomposition. We parameterized DEMENTpy for five sites along a climate gradient in Southern California, United States, and conducted reciprocal transplant simulations analogous to a prior empirical study. The simulations demonstrated climate-dependent legacy effects of microbial communities on plant litter decomposition across the gradient. This result is consistent with the previous empirical study across the same gradient. An analysis of community-level traits further suggests that a 3-way tradeoff among resource acquisition, stress tolerance, and yield strategies influences community assembly. Simulated litter decomposition was predictable with two community traits (indicative of two of the three strategies) plus local environment, regardless of the system state (transient vs. equilibrium). Although more empirical confirmation is still needed, community traits plus local environmental factors (e.g., environment and litter chemistry) may robustly predict litter decomposition across spatial-temporal scales. In conclusion, this study offers a potential trait-based explanation for climate-dependent community effects on litter decomposition with implications for improved understanding of whole-ecosystem functioning across scales.
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38
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Moeneclaey I, Schelfhout S, Vanhellemont M, DeCock E, Van Coillie F, Verheyen K, Baeten L. Species ecological strategy and soil phosphorus supply interactively affect plant biomass and phosphorus concentration. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Luong JC, Loik ME. Adjustments in physiological and morphological traits suggest drought‐induced competitive release of some California plants. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8773. [PMID: 35386876 PMCID: PMC8975776 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and competition affect how morphological and physiological traits are expressed in plants. California plants were previously found to respond less negatively to resource limitation compared to invasive counterparts. In a glasshouse in Santa Cruz, CA, USA, we exposed five native California C3 grassland species to episodic drought and competition (via five locally invasive species). We hypothesized that leaf morphology would be more affected by competition, and leaf photosynthetic gas exchange more so by drought, consistent with optimal partitioning and environmental filter theories. We expected that traits would exhibit trade‐offs along a spectrum for resource conservatism versus acquisition. Bromus carinatus had greater photosynthetic recovery, while Diplacus aurantiacus had lower percent loss of net assimilation (PLA) and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) during drought and competition simultaneously compared to just drought. Stipa pulchra and Sidalcea malviflora gas exchange was unaffected by drought, and leaf morphology exhibited drought‐related adjustments. Lupinus nanus exhibited trait adjustments for competition but not drought. Functional traits sorted onto two principal components related to trade‐offs for resource conservatism versus acquisition, and for above‐ versus belowground allocation. In summary, morphological traits were affected by competition and drought, whereas physiological traits, like leaf gas exchange, were primarily affected by drought. The grassland plants we studied showed diverse responses to drought and competition with trait trade‐offs related to resource conservatism versus acquisition, and for above‐ versus belowground allocation consistent with optimal partitioning and environmental filter theories. Diplacus aurantiacus experienced competitive release based on greater iWUE and lower PLA when facing drought and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Luong
- Environmental Studies Department University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Michael E. Loik
- Environmental Studies Department University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
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40
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Raiho AM, Scharf HR, Roland CA, Swanson DK, Stehn SE, Hooten MB. Searching for refuge: A framework for identifying site factors conferring resistance to climate‐driven vegetation change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Raiho
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Henry R. Scharf
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State University San Diego California USA
| | - Carl A. Roland
- Denali National Park and Preserve National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA
| | | | - Sarah E. Stehn
- Denali National Park and Preserve National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA
- Arctic Network National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Colorado USA
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41
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Han X, Xu Y, Huang J, Zang R. Species Diversity Regulates Ecological Strategy Spectra of Forest Vegetation Across Different Climatic Zones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:807369. [PMID: 35310647 PMCID: PMC8924497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.807369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological strategy is the tactics employed by species in adapting to abiotic and biotic conditions. The ecological strategy spectrum is defined as the relative proportion of species in different ecological strategy types within a community. Determinants of ecological strategy spectrum of plant community explored by most previous studies are about abiotic factors. Yet, the roles of biotic factors in driving variations of ecological strategy spectra of forest communities across different geographic regions remains unknown. In this study, we established 200 0.04-ha forest dynamics plots (FDPs) and measured three-leaf functional traits of tree and shrub species in four forest vegetation types across four climatic zones. Based on Grime's competitor, stress-tolerator, ruderal (CSR) triangular framework, and the StrateFy method, we categorized species into four ecological strategy groups (i.e., C-, S-, Int-, and R-groups) and related the ecological spectra of the forests to three species diversity indices [i.e., species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and stem density (stem abundance)]. Linear regression, redundancy analysis, and variance partition analysis were utilized for assessing the roles of species diversity in regulating ecological strategy spectra of forest communities across different climatic zones. We found that the proportion of species in the C- and Int-groups increased, while the proportion of species in the S-group decreased, with the increase of three indices of species diversity. Among the three species diversity indices, stem abundance played the most important role in driving variations in ecological strategy spectra of forests across different climatic zones. Our finding highlights the necessity of accounting for biotic factors, especially stem abundance, in modeling or predicting the geographical distributions of plant species with varied ecological adaptation strategies to future environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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42
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Estarague A, Vasseur F, Sartori K, Bastias CC, Cornet D, Rouan L, Beurier G, Exposito-Alonso M, Herbette S, Bresson J, Vile D, Violle C. Into the range: a latitudinal gradient or a center-margins differentiation of ecological strategies in Arabidopsis thaliana? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:343-356. [PMID: 34918027 PMCID: PMC8835660 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Determining within-species large-scale variation in phenotypic traits is central to elucidate the drivers of species' ranges. Intraspecific comparisons offer the opportunity to understand how trade-offs and biogeographical history constrain adaptation to contrasted environmental conditions. Here we test whether functional traits, ecological strategies from the CSR scheme and phenotypic plasticity in response to abiotic stress vary along a latitudinal or a center- margins gradient within the native range of Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS We experimentally examined the phenotypic outcomes of plant adaptation at the center and margins of its geographic range using 30 accessions from southern, central and northern Europe. We characterized the variation of traits related to stress tolerance, resource use, colonization ability, CSR strategy scores, survival and fecundity in response to high temperature (34 °C) or frost (- 6 °C), combined with a water deficit treatment. KEY RESULTS We found evidence for both a latitudinal and a center-margins differentiation for the traits under scrutiny. Age at maturity, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content varied along a latitudinal gradient. Northern accessions presented a greater survival to stress than central and southern accessions. Leaf area, C-scores, R-scores and fruit number followed a center-margins differentiation. Central accessions displayed a higher phenotypic plasticity than northern and southern accessions for most studied traits. CONCLUSIONS Traits related to an acquisitive/conservative resource-use trade-off followed a latitudinal gradient. Traits associated with a competition/colonization trade-off differentiated along the historic colonization of the distribution range and then followed a center-margins differentiation. Our findings pinpoint the need to consider the joint effect of evolutionary history and environmental factors when examining phenotypic variation across the distribution range of a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Estarague
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34293, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - François Vasseur
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Kevin Sartori
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34293, Montpellier, France
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Denis Cornet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Lauriane Rouan
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregory Beurier
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398, Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Justine Bresson
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, F-34293, Montpellier, France
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43
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Luong JC. Non‐periodic grassland restoration management can promote native woody shrub encroachment. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Luong
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
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44
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Erktan A, Roumet C, Munoz F. Dissecting fine root diameter distribution at the community level captures root morphological diversity. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Erktan
- AMAP, INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
- J.F. Blumenbach Inst. of Zoology and Anthropology, Univ. of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - François Munoz
- AMAP, INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
- Univ. Grenoble‐Alpes, LIPhy Grenoble
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45
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Mugnai M, Frasconi Wendt C, Balzani P, Ferretti G, Dal Cin M, Masoni A, Frizzi F, Santini G, Viciani D, Foggi B, Lazzaro L. Small-scale drivers on plant and ant diversity in a grassland habitat through a multifaceted approach. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12517. [PMID: 35036118 PMCID: PMC8711281 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-natural grasslands are characterized by high biodiversity and require multifaceted approaches to monitor their biodiversity. Moreover, grasslands comprise a multitude of microhabitats, making the scale of investigation of fundamental importance. Despite their wide distribution, grasslands are highly threatened and are considered of high conservation priority by Directive no. 92/43/EEC. Here, we investigate the effects of small-scale ecological differences between two ecosites present within the EU habitat of Community Interest of semi-natural dry grasslands on calcareous substrates (6210 according to Dir. 92/43/EEC) occurring on a Mediterranean mountain. We measured taxonomic and functional diversity of plant and ant communities, evaluating the differences among the two ecosites, how these differences are influenced by the environment and whether vegetation affects composition of the ant community. Our results show that taxonomic and functional diversity of plant and ant communities are influenced by the environment. While vegetation has no effect on ant communities, we found plant and ant community composition differed across the two ecosites, filtering ant and plant species according to their functional traits, even at a small spatial scale. Our findings imply that small-scale monitoring is needed to effectively conserve priority habitats, especially for those that comprise multiple microhabitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Mugnai
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Paride Balzani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.,Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Giulio Ferretti
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Matteo Dal Cin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberto Masoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Filippo Frizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giacomo Santini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniele Viciani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Bruno Foggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lazzaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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46
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Henniges MC, Powell RF, Mian S, Stace CA, Walker KJ, Gornall RJ, Christenhusz MJM, Brown MR, Twyford AD, Hollingsworth PM, Jones L, de Vere N, Antonelli A, Leitch AR, Leitch IJ. A taxonomic, genetic and ecological data resource for the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland. Sci Data 2022; 9:1. [PMID: 35013360 PMCID: PMC8748506 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular flora of Britain and Ireland is among the most extensively studied in the world, but the current knowledge base is fragmentary, with taxonomic, ecological and genetic information scattered across different resources. Here we present the first comprehensive data repository of native and alien species optimized for fast and easy online access for ecological, evolutionary and conservation analyses. The inventory is based on the most recent reference flora of Britain and Ireland, with taxon names linked to unique Kew taxon identifiers and DNA barcode data. Our data resource for 3,227 species and 26 traits includes existing and unpublished genome sizes, chromosome numbers and life strategy and life-form assessments, along with existing data on functional traits, species distribution metrics, hybrid propensity, associated biomes, realized niche description, native status and geographic origin of alien species. This resource will facilitate both fundamental and applied research and enhance our understanding of the flora's composition and temporal changes to inform conservation efforts in the face of ongoing climate change and biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Henniges
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | | | - Sahr Mian
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Clive A Stace
- Appletree House, Larters Lane, Middlewood Green, Suffolk, IP14 5HB, UK
| | - Kevin J Walker
- Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland, Harrogate, HG1 1SS, UK
| | | | | | - Max R Brown
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Alex D Twyford
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 5NZ, UK
| | | | - Laura Jones
- National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, SA32 8HN, UK
| | - Natasha de Vere
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Andrew R Leitch
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Lamontagne X, Shipley B. A measure of generalized soil fertility that is largely independent of species identity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:29-36. [PMID: 34543399 PMCID: PMC8829905 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In 2019, Daou and Shipley produced an operational definition of 'generalized' soil fertility (FG) for plant community ecology and quantified FG using a structural equation model (SEM) invoking a single latent variable. We evaluate a critical assumption of this model: that FG is generalizable to any combination of plant species; i.e. that any combination of plant species will respond in the same direction to the soil 'fertility' gradient in terms of growth. METHODS We grew nine widely different species singly in each of 25 soils from southern Quebec, Canada, whose FG value had been previously quantified. The original SEM was tested using every possible combination involving from four to nine species. KEY RESULTS The assumption was rejected due to a subset of three species that responded to a second latent dimension. We then proposed an alternative model that includes FG plus a second latent variable that measures species' deviations from FG due to specific adaptations to soil pH. This alternative model was consistent with every combination of up to eight species. The predictions of FG when ignoring this second dimension and when using the new model were extremely correlated (r =0.98). CONCLUSIONS The initial unidimensional model of Daou and Shipley was successful in non-acid soils but not in soils with extreme pH and when species specifically adapted to such extreme soils were included. The alternative two-dimensional model takes into account these exceptions and is consistent with the notion of shared physiological niche responses along a gradient of generalized soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Lamontagne
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Qc), J1K 2R9, Canada
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Qc), J1K 2R9, Canada
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48
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Zhou T, Hou G, Sun J, Zong N, Shi P. Degradation shifts plant communities from S- to R-strategy in an alpine meadow, Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149572. [PMID: 34392221 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of dominant sedges/grasses with secondary forbs is common in alpine rangelands, but the underlying plant ecological strategies and their relevance to leaf traits and their variabilities of different plant functional groups remain largely unknown. Here, we measured key leaf traits and analyzed the competitor, stress-tolerator and ruderal (CSR) strategies of major species with different functional groups (sedges, grasses and forbs) in an alpine meadow along a degradation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that S-selected species were dominant in both non-degraded (C:S:R = 1:95:4%) and severely degraded (C:S:R = 2:87:11%) meadows. However, there was a shift from S- to R-strategy in the communities after rangeland degradation. More specifically, sedges and grasses with a "conservative" strategy maintained stronger S-strategy to tolerate degraded and stressful conditions. In contrast, forbs with an "opportunistic" strategy (increase 9.5% in R-score) tended to adapt to degraded stages. Moreover, 51.1% and 23.9% of the increased R-scores in forbs were accounted by leaf mass per area and specific leaf area, respectively. Generally, higher leaf water and nitrogen contents coupled with larger variations in leaf traits and flexible SR strategies in forbs enabled them to capitalize on lower soil water and nutrient availability. Our findings highlighted that the contrasting strategies of plant species in response to the decrease in available resources might lead to niche expansion of secondary forbs and loss of diversity in the degraded alpine meadow. The emerging alternative stable states in the degraded rangelands might bring about a predicament for rangeland restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ning Zong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Peili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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49
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Rawat M, Arunachalam K, Arunachalam A, Alatalo JM, Pandey R. Assessment of leaf morphological, physiological, chemical and stoichiometry functional traits for understanding the functioning of Himalayan temperate forest ecosystem. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23807. [PMID: 34893677 PMCID: PMC8664835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf functional traits support plant survival and growth in different stress and disturbed conditions and respond according to leaf habit. The present study examined 13 leaf traits (3 morphological, 3 chemical, 5 physiological, and 2 stoichiometry) of nine dominant forest tree species (3 coniferous, 3 deciduous broad-leaved, 3 evergreen broad-leafed) to understand the varied response of leaf habits. The hypothesis was to test if functional traits of the conifers, deciduous and evergreen differ significantly in the temperate forest and to determine the applicability of leaf economic theory i.e., conservative vs. acquisitive resource investment, in the temperate Himalayan region. The attributes of the functional traits i.e., leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf water content (LWC), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration (E) followed the order deciduous > evergreen > coniferous. Leaf carbon and leaf C/N ratio showed the opposite pattern, coniferous > evergreen > deciduous. Chlorophyll (Chl) and photosynthetic rate (A) were highest for evergreen species, followed by deciduous and coniferous species. Also, structural equation modelling determined that morphological factors were negatively related to physiological and positively with chemical factors. Nevertheless, physiological and chemical factors were positively related to each other. The physiological traits were mainly regulated by stomatal conductance (Gs) however the morphological traits were determined by LDMC. Stoichiometry traits, such as leaf C/N, were found to be positively related to leaf carbon, and leaf N/P was found to be positively related to leaf nitrogen. The result of the leaf functional traits relationship would lead to precise prediction for the functionality of the temperate forest ecosystem at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rawat
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India. .,Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India.
| | - Kusum Arunachalam
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Ayyandar Arunachalam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Juha M Alatalo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rajiv Pandey
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, India
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Sürmen B. Ecological Strategies of Terrestrial Plant Species Belonging Two Different Habitats in Kızılırmak Delta (Samsun/TURKEY). BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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