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Huang L, Kim JH, You L, Park SH, Zhang J, Shin CY, Sutopo NC, Byun HW, Omaliss K, Masphal K, Son J, Kim GR, Lee BH, Kim JH, Lee J, Cho JY. Anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Connarus semidecandrus Jack ethanol extract in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117574. [PMID: 38097025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Connarus semidecandrus Jack (Family: connaraceae) is a medicinal plant known for its wide distribution throughout Southeast Asia. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, it has been traditionally used for treating fever, skin irritation, and colic. AIM OF THE STUDY Numerous individuals suffer from skin issues, including wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and inflammation, due to environmental factors. Although many drugs are available to treat skin problems, chemical drugs have many shortcomings and side effects. Therefore, natural products are attractive potential medicines for alleviating skin troubles. We recently showed that Connarus semidecandrus Jack ethanol extract (Cs-EE) has anti-alopecia potential. This paper aims to explore the potential skin-protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of Connarus semidecandrus Jack in UVB-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Before utilization, Cs-EE was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and was preserved at a temperature of -20 °C. The phytochemical constituents of Cs-EE were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Sequentially, HaCaT cells were exposed to varying concentrations of Cs-EE prior to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Evaluations of cellular responses in HaCaT cells, including assessments of cell viability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and gene and protein expressions, were carried out. To explore the specific signaling pathway involved, we conducted a luciferase assay in addition to validating these pathways using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular reactive oxygen species were decreased. Melanin production through the activation of melanocytes by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) was also inhibited by Cs-EE. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of key factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 exhibited a remarkable decrease. In addition, the phosphorylation of TAK1 within the signaling cascade exhibited a decline, and the activities of the transcription factor AP-1 were decreased according to a luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anti-apoptotic effects of Cs-EE indicate the compound's potential usefulness as a natural component in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Hye-Woo Byun
- Biodiversity Research and Cooperation Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keo Omaliss
- Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, #40 Norodom Blvd, Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, 12205, Cambodia.
| | - Kry Masphal
- Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, #40 Norodom Blvd, Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, 12205, Cambodia.
| | - Jino Son
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ga Ryun Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Asare O, Ayala Y, Hafeez BB, Ramirez-Correa GA, Cho YY, Kim DJ. Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and its Impacts on Cutaneous Phosphorylation Signaling in Carcinogenesis: Focusing on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases †. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:344-355. [PMID: 36029171 DOI: 10.1111/php.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight exposure is a significant risk factor for UV-induced deteriorating transformations of epidermal homeostasis leading to skin carcinogenesis. The ability of UVB radiation to cause melanoma, as well as basal and squamous cell carcinomas, makes UVB the most harmful among the three known UV ranges. UVB-induced DNA mutations and dysregulation of signaling pathways contribute to skin cancer formation. Among various signaling pathways modulated by UVB, tyrosine phosphorylation signaling which is mediated by the action of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) on specific tyrosine residues is highly implicated in photocarcinogenesis. Following UVB irradiation, PTKs get activated and their downstream signaling pathways contribute to photocarcinogenesis by promoting the survival of damaged keratinocytes and increasing cell proliferation. While UVB activates oncogenic signaling pathways, it can also activate tumor suppressive signaling pathways as initial protective mechanisms to maintain epidermal homeostasis. Tyrosine dephosphorylation is one of the protective mechanisms and is mediated by the action of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTP can counteract UVB-mediated PTK activation and downregulate oncogenic signaling pathways. However, PTPs have not been studied extensively in photocarcinogenesis with previous studies regarding their inactivation induced by UVB. This current review will summarize the recent progress in the protective function of PTPs in epidermal photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obed Asare
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Yasmin Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Bilal Bin Hafeez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.,South Texas Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
| | - Genaro A Ramirez-Correa
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX.,South Texas Center for Excellence in Cancer Research, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX.,Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX
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3
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Son J, Mogre S, Chalmers FE, Ibinson J, Worrell S, Glick AB. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor IRE1α Regulates the UV DNA Repair Response through the Control of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1682-1691.e7. [PMID: 34808241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response is activated by UVB irradiation, but the role of a key mediator, IRE1α, is not clear. In this study, we show that mice with an epidermal IRE1α deletion are sensitized to UV with increased apoptosis, rapid loss of UV-induced cyclopyrimidine dimer‒positive keratinocytes, and sloughing of the epidermis. In vitro, Ire1α-deficient keratinocytes have increased UVB sensitivity, reduced cyclopyrimidine dimer repair, and reduced accumulation of γH2AX and phosphorylated ATR, suggesting defective activation of nucleotide excision repair. Knockdown of XBP1 or pharmacologic inhibition of the IRE1α ribonuclease did not phenocopy Ire1α deficiency. The altered UV response was linked to elevated intracellular calcium levels and ROS, and this was due to dysregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel InsP3R. Pharmacologic, genetic, and biochemical studies linked the regulation of the Ins3PR, intracellular calcium, and normal UV DNA damage response to CIB1 and the IRE1α‒TRAF2‒ASK1 complex. These results suggest a model where IRE1α activation state drives CIB1 binding either to the InsP3R or ASK1 to regulate endoplasmic reticulum calcium efflux, ROS, and DNA repair responses after UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Son
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saie Mogre
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fiona E Chalmers
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jack Ibinson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen Worrell
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam B Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel R. The Modulatory Influence of Plant-Derived Compounds on Human Keratinocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12488. [PMID: 34830374 PMCID: PMC8618348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a rich source of secondary metabolites with numerous properties, including the potential to modify keratinocyte biology. Keratinocytes are important epithelial cells that play a protective role against various chemical, physical and biological stimuli, and participate in reactive oxygen scavenging and inflammation and wound healing processes. The epidermal cell response may be modulated by phytochemicals via changes in signal transduction pathways. Plant extracts and single secondary compounds can possess a high antioxidant capacity and may suppress reactive oxygen species release, inhibit pro-apoptotic proteins and apoptosis and activate antioxidant enzymes in keratinocytes. Moreover, selected plant extracts and single compounds also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and exposure may result in limited production of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in keratinocytes. In addition, plant extracts and single compounds may promote keratinocyte motility and proliferation via the regulation of growth factor production and enhance wound healing. While such plant compounds may modulate keratinocyte functions, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed on their mechanisms of action, and more specific toxicity and clinical studies are needed to ensure their effectiveness and safety for use on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
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5
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Jagoda SV, Dixon KM. Protective effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its analogs on ultraviolet radiation-induced oxidative stress: a review. Redox Rep 2021; 25:11-16. [PMID: 32093585 PMCID: PMC7054951 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1731261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The active vitamin D compound, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) is produced in skin cells following exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from the sun. However, there are many harmful effects of UV which include DNA damage caused by direct absorption of UV, as well as that caused indirectly via UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, 1,25D and analogs have been shown to reduce both direct and indirect UV-induced DNA damage in skin cells. This was accompanied by reductions in ROS and in nitric oxide products with 1,25D following UV. Moreover, following acute UV exposure, 1,25D has been demonstrated to increase p53 levels in skin, which would presumably allow for repair of cells with damaged DNA, or apoptosis of cells with irreparably damaged DNA. Previous studies have also shown that p53 reduces intracellular ROS. Furthermore, 1,25D has been shown to induce metallothioneins, which are potent free radical scavengers. In addition to these protective effects, 1,25D has been demonstrated to inhibit stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases following UV exposure, and to increase levels of the stress-induced protein heme oxygenase-1 in a model of oxidative stress. Herein, we discuss the protective effects of 1,25D and analogs in the context of UV, oxidative stress and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemani Vishalya Jagoda
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Katie Marie Dixon
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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6
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Liu H, Guo X, Yi T, Zhu Y, Ren X, Guo R, Dai Y, Liang S. Frog Skin Derived Peptides With Potential Protective Effects on Ultraviolet B-Induced Cutaneous Photodamage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613365. [PMID: 34149681 PMCID: PMC8206783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyla annectans is a tree frog living in the southwestern plateau area of China where there is strong ultraviolet radiation and long duration of sunshine. So their naked skin may possess chemical defense components that protect it from acute photo-damage. However, no such peptide or components has been identified till to date. In the current work, two novel peptides (FW-1, FWPLI-NH2 and FW-2, FWPMI-NH2) were identified from the skin of the tree frog. Five copies of FW-1 and four copies of FW-2 are encoded by an identical gene and released from the same protein precursor, which possess 167 amino acid residues. FW-1 and -2 can exert significant anti-inflammatory functions by directly inhibiting Ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB)-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). They may achieve this function by modulating the UV-induced stress signaling pathways such as Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB). Besides, FW-1 and -2 showed potential antioxidant effects on epidermis by attenuating the UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through an unknown mechanism. Considering small peptides' easy production, storage, and potential photo-protective activity, FW-1/2 might be exciting leading compounds or templates for the development of novel pharmacological agents for the suppression of UVB-induced skin inflammation. Moreover, this study might expand our knowledge on skin defensive mechanism of tree frog upon UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaopu Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tangwei Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Renxian Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaohui Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Li L, Huang T, Liu H, Zang J, Wang P, Jiang X. Purification, structural characterization and anti-UVB irradiation activity of an extracellular polysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:1002-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Bianco JN, Schumacher B. MPK-1/ERK pathway regulates DNA damage response during development through DAF-16/FOXO. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:6129-6139. [PMID: 29788264 PMCID: PMC6159517 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) induces distorting lesions to the DNA that can lead to stalling of the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and that are removed by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER). In humans, mutations in the TC-NER genes CSA and CSB lead to severe postnatal developmental defects in Cockayne syndrome patients. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in the TC-NER genes csa-1 and csb-1, lead to developmental growth arrest upon UV treatment. We conducted a genetic suppressor screen in the nematode to identify mutations that could suppress the developmental defects in csb-1 mutants. We found that mutations in the ERK1/2 MAP kinase mpk-1 alleviate the developmental retardation in TC-NER mutants, while constitutive activation of the RAS-MAPK pathway exacerbates the DNA damage-induced growth arrest. We show that MPK-1 act via insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway and regulates the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 to mediate the developmental DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien N Bianco
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Chen Q, Shi P, Wang D, Liu Q, Li X, Wang Y, Zou D, Huang Z, Gao X, Lin Z. Epidermis-Activated Gasdermin-A3 Enhances Thermogenesis of Brown Adipose Tissue through IL-6/Stat3 Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1041-1052. [PMID: 30790561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the gasdermin-A3 (Gsdma3) gene are associated with skin inflammation and hair loss in mice. However, the physiological function of Gsdma3 remains unclear. Herein, we reported that mice carrying the Gsdma3 Y344H mutation that encodes a presumptive activated form of Gsdma3 show increased heat production along with lower body fat percentages. Detailed analysis indicated that this metabolic phenotype is mediated by serum IL-6-induced up-regulation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. The mutant form of Gsdma3 promotes the expression of IL-6 in the epidermis in a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling-dependent manner. The higher whole-body heat production in alopecia and excoriation mice could be suppressed by an IL-6 receptor/GP130 inhibitor. Our results uncovered Gsdma3/IL-6-dependent cross talk between the skin and brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiliang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Li L, Huang T, Lan C, Ding H, Yan C, Dou Y. Protective effect of polysaccharide from Sophora japonica L. flower buds against UVB radiation in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 191:135-142. [PMID: 30639995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natured botanical extract has attracted considerable attention recently in the field of skin anti-ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As a medicinal herb, Sophora japonica flower buds contained several components such as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, triterpenes, alkaloids and polysaccharides, which have multiple pharmacological properties except hemostatic agents which have been used in China and Korea for centuries. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether polysaccharide extracted from Sophora japonica L. flower buds (PS) was able to attenuate UVB-induced damage using a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). HaCaT cells were pretreated with PS in a serum-free medium for 2 h and then irradiated with different doses of UVB rays. The results showed that the PS attenuated UVB-induced cytotoxicity which was verified by MTT method and morphology feature assay. UVB exposure (30-120 mJ/cm2) reduced HaCaT cells viability significantly following with the increased irradiation dose 24 h later, while pretreatment with PS (0.25-2.0 mg/mL) attenuated UVB-induced cytotoxicity significantly and increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner except 30 mJ/cm2 group. The PS reduced the ROS generation, down-regulated the expression of phosphor-JNK and phosphor-p38 MAPK proteins significantly through MAPK pathway in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. It also decreased the apoptosis rate at low dose of UVB ray and protected the cells from apoptosis which had been identified by the down-regulated level of active-caspase3 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In conclusion, PS pretreatment protected HaCaT keratinocytes from UVB irradiation-induced skin injuries effectively, and the underlying mechanism may involve MAPK signaling pathway which contribute to apoptotic cell death. However, further studies especially whose using human systems are needed to determine efficacy of PS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Li
- Medical School, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China; College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Medical School, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China.
| | - Chong Lan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China
| | - Hui Ding
- Medical School, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Yan
- Medical School, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China
| | - Yanli Dou
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Drug Discovery of Small Molecules, Huanghe Science & Technology University, Zhengzhou 450063, PR China
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11
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Baek M, Kim M, Lim JS, Morales LD, Hernandez J, Mummidi S, Williams-Blangero S, Jang IS, Tsin AT, Kim DJ. Epidermal-specific deletion of TC-PTP promotes UVB-induced epidermal cell survival through the regulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:730. [PMID: 29955047 PMCID: PMC6023867 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UVB exposure can contribute to the development of skin cancer by modulating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. It has been suggested that UVB radiation increases the ligand-dependent activation of PTKs and induces PTP inactivation. Our recent studies have shown that T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) attenuates skin carcinogenesis induced by chemical regimens, which indicates its critical role in the prevention of skin cancer. In the current work, we report that TC-PTP increases keratinocyte susceptibility to UVB-induced apoptosis via the downregulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. We showed that loss of TC-PTP led to resistance to UVB-induced apoptosis in vivo epidermis. We established immortalized primary keratinocytes (IPKs) from epidermal-specific TC-PTP-deficient (K14Cre.Ptpn2fl/fl) mice. Immortalized TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes (TC-PTP/KO IPKs) showed increased cell survival against UVB-induced apoptosis which was concomitant with a UVB-mediated increase in Flk-1 phosphorylation, especially on tyrosine residue 1173. Inhibition of Flk-1 by either its specific inhibitors or siRNA in TC-PTP/KO IPKs reversed this effect and significantly increased cell death after UVB irradiation in comparison with untreated TC-PTP/KO IPKs. Immunoprecipitation analysis using the TC-PTP substrate-trapping mutant TCPTP-D182A indicated that TC-PTP directly interacts with Flk-1 to dephosphorylate it and their interaction was stimulated by UVB. Following UVB-mediated Flk-1 activation, the level of JNK phosphorylation was also significantly increased in TC-PTP/KO IPKs compared to control IPKs. Similar to our results with Flk-1, treatment of TC-PTP/KO IPKs with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly increased apoptosis after UVB irradiation, confirming that the effect of TC-PTP on UVB-mediated apoptosis is regulated by Flk-1/JNK signaling. Western blot analysis showed that both phosphorylated Flk-1 and phosphorylated JNK were significantly increased in the epidermis of TC-PTP-deficient mice compared to control mice following UVB. Our results suggest that TC-PTP plays a protective role against UVB-induced keratinocyte cell damage by promoting apoptosis via negative regulation of Flk-1/JNK survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Liza D Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew T Tsin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
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12
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Kusumaningrum N, Lee DH, Yoon HS, Kim YK, Park CH, Chung JH. Gasdermin C is induced by ultraviolet light and contributes to MMP-1 expression via activation of ERK and JNK pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:180-189. [PMID: 29428815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays important roles in various skin diseases including premature aging and cancer. UV has been shown to regulate the expressions of many genes including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Gasdermin C (GSDMC) belongs to Gasdermin family and is known to be expressed in the epithelial cells of many tissues including the skin. However, the functions of GSDMC remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of GSDMC in UV-induced MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 expressions in human skin keratinocytes. METHODS Primary human skin keratinocytes and an immortalized human skin keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) were irradiated with UV. Knockdown and overexpression of GSDMC were performed to study the effect of GSDMC. The mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS We found that GSDMC expression is increased by UV irradiation in human skin keratinocytes. Further studies showed that GSDMC expression is increased at relatively late time points after UV irradiation and that this GSDMC induction plays important roles in the expressions of MMP-1, but not of MMP-3 and MMP-9, and the activations of ERK and JNK induced by UV. In addition, we found that overexpression of GSDMC increases the MMP-1 expression and the activities of ERK and JNK and that GSDMC-induced MMP-1 expression is suppressed by inhibition of ERK or JNK activities. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GSDMC is increased by UV radiation and contributes to UV-induced MMP-1 expression through the activation of ERK and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novi Kusumaningrum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kenny FN, Drymoussi Z, Delaine-Smith R, Kao AP, Laly AC, Knight MM, Philpott MP, Connelly JT. Tissue stiffening promotes keratinocyte proliferation via activation of epidermal growth factor signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215780. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue biomechanics regulate a wide range of cellular functions, but the influences on epidermal homeostasis and repair remain unclear. Here, we examined the role of extracellular matrix stiffness on human keratinocyte behavior using elastomeric substrates with defined mechanical properties. Increased matrix stiffness beyond normal physiologic levels promoted keratinocyte proliferation but did not alter the ability to self-renew or terminally differentiate. Activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling mediated the proliferative response to matrix stiffness and depended on focal adhesion assembly and cytoskeletal tension. Comparison of normal skin with keloid scar tissue further revealed an up-regulation of EGF signaling within the epidermis of stiffened scar tissue. We conclude that matrix stiffness regulates keratinocyte proliferation independently of changes in cell fate and is mediated by EGF signaling. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how keratinocytes sense and respond to their mechanical environment and suggest that matrix biomechanics may play a role in the pathogenesis keloid scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona N. Kenny
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Zoe Drymoussi
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Robin Delaine-Smith
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Alexander P. Kao
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Ana Catarina Laly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Martin M. Knight
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Michael P. Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - John T. Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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14
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Kang BS, Hwang YJ, Dong Z. ERK1 Directly Interacts With JNK1 Leading to Regulation of JNK1/c-Jun Activity and Cell Transformation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2357-2370. [PMID: 28106280 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ERK1 and ERK2 share a great deal of homology and have been presumed to have similar functions. Available antibodies recognize both isoforms making the elucidation of functional differences challenging. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase networks are commonly depicted in the literature as linear and sequential phosphorylation cascades; however, the activation of these pathways is not mutually exclusive. Little doubt exists that MAP kinases engage in crosstalk, but the extent or the direct effect of these "conversations" is unclear. Here, we report the possible points of direct interaction as "crosstalk" points between ERK1 and JNK1 and a potential mechanism for ERK1 function in repressing Ras/JNK-mediated cell transformation. ERK1, but not ERK2, directly interacts with and antagonizes JNK1 phosphorylation and activity, resulting in suppression of neoplastic cell transformation mediated by the Ras/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Interestingly, ERK1 phosphorylation was increased in normal tissues compared to liver cancer tissues. Furthermore, predominant JNK/c-Jun activation was observed in liver cancer tissues. These phenomena can provide evidence for the existence of a functional association between ERK and JNK signaling pathways during in vivo tumorigenesis. Overall, our findings provide new evidence supporting the paradigm of an ERK1/JNK1 antagonistic interaction as a novel mechanism of trans-regulation between different MAP kinase signaling modules. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2357-2370, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Seok Kang
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Hwang
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, Minnesota, 55912
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15
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Bugara B, Konieczny P, Wolnicka-Glubisz A, Eckhart L, Fischer H, Skalniak L, Borowczyk-Michalowska J, Drukala J, Jura J. MCPIP1 contributes to the inflammatory response of UVB-treated keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 87:10-18. [PMID: 28377026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1), also known as regnase-1, negatively regulates many cellular processes including the cellular response to inflammatory agents, differentiation, viability, and proliferation. It possesses a PilT N-terminus (PIN) domain that is directly involved in regulating the stability of transcripts and miRNAs by recognizing stem loop structures and degrading them by endonucleolytic cleavage. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of MCPIP1 in the response of human primary keratinocytes to UVB stress. METHODS Keratinocytes were treated with UVB, siRNA against MCPIP1, pharmacological inhibitors of signaling pathways, or subjected to control treatments. The mRNA and protein levels of MCPIP1 and MCPIP1-dependent changes gene expression were analyzed by quantitative (Q)-RT-PCRs and Western blots. Secretion of TNFα and IL-8 was determined by ELISA. RESULTS UVB treatment of keratinocytes induced upregulation of MCPIP1 at the mRNA level after 4-8h and at the protein level after 8-16h. MCPIP1 abundance depended on NF-κB activity. Using an siRNA strategy, we found that diminished MCPIP1 resulted in an up-regulation of transcripts coding for IL-8, TNFα, COX-2, and BCL-2, as well as an enhanced release of IL-8. Moreover, decreased phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways were observed in addition to a slight up-regulation of ERK1/2 directly after UVB treatment. Twenty-four hours later, decreased phosphorylation was observed only for NF-κB and p38. Furthermore, in MCPIP1-suppressed cells, the levels of pro-apoptotic Puma, the phosphorylated form of p53 and the abundance of its target p21 as well as the activity of caspase 3 decreased, while the level of cyclin D1 increased. CONCLUSION MCPIP1 contributes to the UVB response of keratinocytes by altering metabolic and apoptotic processes and the release of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bugara
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczny
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Fischer
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Borowczyk-Michalowska
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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16
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Impact on Autophagy and Ultraviolet B Induced Responses of Treatment with the MTOR Inhibitors Rapamycin, Everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242 in Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5930639. [PMID: 28400912 PMCID: PMC5376460 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5930639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of Rapamycin (MTOR) protein is a crucial signaling regulator in mammalian cells that is extensively involved in cellular biology. The function of MTOR signaling in keratinocytes remains unclear. In this study, we detected the MTOR signaling and autophagy response in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and human epidermal keratinocytes treated with MTOR inhibitors. Moreover, we detected the impact of MTOR inhibitors on keratinocytes exposed to the common carcinogenic stressors ultraviolet B (UVB) and UVA radiation. As a result, keratinocytes were sensitive to the MTOR inhibitors Rapamycin, everolimus, Torin 1, and pp242, but the regulation of MTOR downstream signaling was distinct. Next, autophagy induction only was observed in HaCaT cells treated with Rapamycin. Furthermore, we found that MTOR signaling was insensitive to UVB but sensitive to UVA radiation. UVB treatment also had no impact on the inhibition of MTOR signaling by MTOR inhibitors. Finally, MTOR inhibition by Rapamycin, everolimus, or pp242 did not affect the series of biological events in keratinocytes exposed to UVB, including the downregulation of BiP and PERK, activation of Histone H2A and JNK, and cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Our study demonstrated that MTOR inhibition in keratinocytes cannot always induce autophagy, and the MTOR pathway does not play a central role in the UVB triggered cellular response.
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17
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Moriyama M, Moriyama H, Uda J, Kubo H, Nakajima Y, Goto A, Morita T, Hayakawa T. BNIP3 upregulation via stimulation of ERK and JNK activity is required for the protection of keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2576. [PMID: 28151469 PMCID: PMC5386491 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The human skin has an important role in barrier function. Ultraviolet rays (UV) from sunlight exposure can cause cell apoptosis in the skin epidermis, resulting in the disruption of the barrier. Previously, we have demonstrated that BNIP3 stimulates autophagy in epidermal keratinocytes and has a protective effect in these cells upon UVB irradiation. In this study, we found that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by UVB irradiation was sufficient to trigger the activation of JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human primary epidermal keratinocytes. In turn, activated JNK and ERK MAPK mediated the upregulation of BNIP3 expression. Treatment with an antioxidant reagent or a specific inhibitor of MAPK, U0126, and a JNK inhibitor significantly attenuated the expression of BNIP3 triggered by UVB, followed by the induction of cell death by apoptosis. Furthermore, UVB-induced apoptosis was significantly stimulated by chloroquine or bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of autophagy. Moreover, BNIP3 was required for the degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria upon UVB irradiation. These data clearly indicated that BNIP3-induced autophagy, which occurs via UVB-generated ROS-mediated JNK and ERK MAPK activation, has a crucial role in the protection of the skin epidermis against UVB irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Moriyama
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junki Uda
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kubo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakajima
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arisa Goto
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Morita
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Hayakawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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18
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Huang CH, Li HJ, Wu NL, Hsiao CY, Lin CN, Chang HH, Hung CF. Photoprotective Effects of Cycloheterophyllin against UVA-Induced Damage and Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161767. [PMID: 27583973 PMCID: PMC5008741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly ultraviolet A (UVA), is known to play a major role in photoaging of the human skin. Many studies have demonstrated that UV exposure causes the skin cells to generate reactive oxygen species and activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Previous studies have also demonstrated that cycloheterophyllin has an antioxidant effect and can effectively scavenge free radicals. Extending the aforementioned investigations, in this study, human dermal fibroblasts were used to investigate the protective effect of cycloheterophyllin against UV-induced damage. We found that cycloheterophyllin not only significantly increased cell viability, but also attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK after UVA exposure. Furthermore, cycloheterophyllin could reduce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and down-regulate H2O2-induced MAPK phosphorylation. In the in vivo studies, the topical application of cycloheterophyllin before UVA irradiation significantly decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, and blood flow rate. These results indicate that cycloheterophyllin is a photoprotective agent that inhibits UVA-induced oxidative stress and damage, and could be used in the research on and prevention of skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hua Huang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Guang University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hsien Chang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Semenchenko K, Wasylyk C, Cheung H, Tourrette Y, Maas P, Schalken JA, van der Pluijm G, Wasylyk B. XRP44X, an Inhibitor of Ras/Erk Activation of the Transcription Factor Elk3, Inhibits Tumour Growth and Metastasis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159531. [PMID: 27427904 PMCID: PMC4948895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors have an important role in cancer but are difficult targets for the development of tumour therapies. These factors include the Ets family, and in this study Elk3 that is activated by Ras oncogene /Erk signalling, and is involved in angiogenesis, malignant progression and epithelial-mesenchymal type processes. We previously described the identification and in-vitro characterisation of an inhibitor of Ras / Erk activation of Elk3 that also affects microtubules, XRP44X. We now report an initial characterisation of the effects of XRP44X in-vivo on tumour growth and metastasis in three preclinical models mouse models, subcutaneous xenografts, intra-cardiac injection-bone metastasis and the TRAMP transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer progression. XRP44X inhibits tumour growth and metastasis, with limited toxicity. Tumours from XRP44X-treated animals have decreased expression of genes containing Elk3-like binding motifs in their promoters, Elk3 protein and phosphorylated Elk3, suggesting that perhaps XRP44X acts in part by inhibiting the activity of Elk3. Further studies are now warranted to develop XRP44X for tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostyantyn Semenchenko
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Christine Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Henry Cheung
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yves Tourrette
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Peter Maas
- SPECS, Kluyverweg 6, 2629 HT Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail:
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20
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Boros G, Miko E, Muramatsu H, Weissman D, Emri E, van der Horst GTJ, Szegedi A, Horkay I, Emri G, Karikó K, Remenyik É. Identification of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer-Responsive Genes Using UVB-Irradiated Human Keratinocytes Transfected with In Vitro-Synthesized Photolyase mRNA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131141. [PMID: 26121660 PMCID: PMC4488231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major biological effects of UVB are attributed to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), the most common photolesions formed on DNA. To investigate the contribution of CPDs to UVB-induced changes of gene expression, a model system was established by transfecting keratinocytes with pseudouridine-modified mRNA (Ψ-mRNA) encoding CPD-photolyase. Microarray analyses of this model system demonstrated that more than 50% of the gene expression altered by UVB was mediated by CPD photolesions. Functional classification of the gene targets revealed strong effects of CPDs on the regulation of the cell cycle and transcriptional machineries. To confirm the microarray data, cell cycle-regulatory genes, CCNE1 and CDKN2B that were induced exclusively by CPDs were selected for further investigation. Following UVB irradiation, expression of these genes increased significantly at both mRNA and protein levels, but not in cells transfected with CPD-photolyase Ψ-mRNA and exposed to photoreactivating light. Treatment of cells with inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) blocked the UVB-dependent upregulation of both genes suggesting a role for JNK in relaying the signal of UVB-induced CPDs into transcriptional responses. Thus, photolyase mRNA-based experimental platform demonstrates CPD-dependent and -independent events of UVB-induced cellular responses, and, as such, has the potential to identify novel molecular targets for treatment of UVB-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Boros
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Miko
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eszter Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Irén Horkay
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Katalin Karikó
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Éva Remenyik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Lim DY, Lee MH, Shin SH, Chen H, Ryu J, Shan L, Li H, Bode AM, Zhang WD, Dong Z. (+)-2-(1-Hydroxyl-4-oxocyclohexyl) ethyl caffeate suppresses solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis by targeting PI3K, ERK1/2, and p38. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:856-65. [PMID: 24845061 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For decades, skin cancer incidence has increased, mainly because of oncogenic signaling pathways activated by solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (i.e., sun exposure). Solar UV induces multiple signaling pathways that are critical in the development of skin cancer, and therefore the development of compounds capable of targeting multiple molecules for chemoprevention of skin carcinogenesis is urgently needed. Herein, we examined the chemopreventive effects and the molecular mechanism of (+)-2-(1-hydroxyl-4-oxocyclohexyl) ethyl caffeate (HOEC), isolated from Incarvillea mairei var. grandiflora (Wehrhahn) Grierson. HOEC strongly inhibited neoplastic transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells without toxicity. PI3K, ERK1/2, and p38 kinase activities were suppressed by direct binding with HOEC in vitro. Our in silico docking data showed that HOEC binds at the ATP-binding site of each kinase. The inhibition of solar UV-induced PI3K, ERK1/2, and p38 kinase activities resulted in suppression of their downstream signaling pathways and AP1 and NF-κB transactivation in JB6 cells. Furthermore, topical application of HOEC reduced skin cancer incidence and tumor volume in SKH-1 hairless mice chronically exposed to solar UV. In summary, our results show that HOEC exerts inhibitory effects on multiple kinase targets and their downstream pathways activated by solar UV in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that HOEC is a potent chemopreventive compound against skin carcinogenesis caused by solar UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Lim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota; Program in Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hanyoung Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Joohyun Ryu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Second Military Medical University
| | - Honglin Li
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, PR China; and
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Second Military Medical University;
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota;
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Inhibitory effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on UVB-induced skin inflammatory responses and carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2610-2619. [PMID: 24732403 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species produced in response to UVR are important in skin tumor development. We have previously reported that deficiency of the Ogg1 gene, encoding the repair enzyme for 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), increases skin tumor incidence in mice upon repetitive UVB exposure and modulation of UVB-induced inflammatory response. Spirulina platensis is used as a human food supplement because it contains abundant nutritional and antioxidant components. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of S. platensis on UVB-induced skin tumor development in Ogg1 knockout-(KO) mice and the wild-type (WT) counterpart. Dietary S. platensis suppressed tumor induction and development in both genotypes compared with our previous data without S. platensis. Induction of erythema and ear swelling, one of the hallmarks of UVB-induced inflammatory responses, was suppressed in the skin of Ogg1-KO mice and albino hairless mice fed with dietary S. platensis. Compared with untreated mice, S. platensis-administered mice showed significantly reduced 8-oxoG formation in the skin after UVB exposure. Moreover, we found that S. platensis effectively downregulated the signal proteins p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase after UVB exposure especially in Ogg1-KO mice. Our results suggest that S. platensis exerts antitumor effects against UVB irradiation in the skin through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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The Effects of Brazilian Green Propolis against Excessive Light-Induced Cell Damage in Retina and Fibroblast Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:238279. [PMID: 24416064 PMCID: PMC3876711 DOI: 10.1155/2013/238279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. We investigated the effects of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents against white light- or UVA-induced cell damage in mouse retinal cone-cell line 661W or human skin-derived fibroblast cells (NB1-RGB). Methods. Cell damage was induced by 3,000lx white light for 24 h or 4/10 J/cm2 UVA exposure. Cell viability was assessed by Hoechst33342 and propidium iodide staining or by tetrazolium salt (WST-8) cell viability assay. The radical scavenging activity of propolis induced by UVA irradiation in NB1-RGB cells was measured using a reactive-oxygen-species- (ROS-) sensitive probe CM-H2DCFDA. Moreover, the effects of propolis on the UVA-induced activation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were examined by immunoblotting. Results. Treatment with propolis and two dicaffeoylquinic acids significantly inhibited the decrease in cell viability induced by white light in 661W. Propolis and its constituents inhibited the decrease in cell viability induced by UVA in NB1-RGB. Moreover, propolis suppressed the intracellular ROS production by UVA irradiation. Propolis also inhibited the levels of phosphorylated-p38 and ERK by UVA irradiation. Conclusion. Brazilian green propolis may become a major therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AMD and skin damage induced by UV irradiation.
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Lee SH, Yang JH, Park YK, Han JJ, Chung GH, Hahm DH, Choi HD. Protective effect and mechanism of phosphatidylserine in UVB-induced human dermal fibroblasts. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Sungnam; Gyeonggi; Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Yang
- Korea Food Research Institute; World Institute of Kimchi; Sungnam; Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kon Park
- Korea Food Research Institute; Sungnam; Gyeonggi; Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Han
- Glonet BU; Doosan Co.; Suwon; Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk-Hoon Chung
- Glonet BU; Doosan Co.; Suwon; Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- College of Oriental Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul; Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Don Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute; Sungnam; Gyeonggi; Republic of Korea
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Choi HD, Han JJ, Yang JH, Lee SH, Kim YS, Chung GH, Hahm DH. Effect of soy phosphatidylserine supplemented diet on skin wrinkle and moisture in Vivo and clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-3012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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The pattern and time course of somatosensory changes in the human UVB sunburn model reveal the presence of peripheral and central sensitization. Pain 2013; 154:586-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Petersen AC, McKenna MJ, Medved I, Murphy KT, Brown MJ, Della Gatta P, Cameron-Smith D. Infusion with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuates early adaptive responses to exercise in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:382-92. [PMID: 21827635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal muscle is markedly increased during exercise and may be essential for exercise adaptation. We, therefore, investigated the effects of infusion with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on exercise-induced activation of signalling pathways and genes involved in exercise adaptation in human skeletal muscle. METHODS Subjects completed two exercise tests, 7 days apart, with saline (control, CON) or NAC infusion before and during exercise. Exercise tests comprised of cycling at 71% VO(2peak) for 45 min, and then 92% VO(2peak) to fatigue, with vastus lateralis biopsies at pre-infusion, after 45-min cycling and at fatigue. RESULTS Analysis was conducted on the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways, demonstrating that NAC infusion blocked the exercise-induced increase in JNK phosphorylation, but not ERK1/2, or p38 MAPK. Nuclear factor-κB p65 phosphorylation was unaffected by exercise; however, it was reduced in NAC at fatigue by 14% (P < 0.05) compared with pre-infusion. Analysis of exercise and/or ROS-sensitive genes demonstrated that exercise-induced mRNA expression is ROS dependent of MnSOD, but not PGC-1α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, or heat-shock protein 70. CONCLUSION These results suggest that inhibition of ROS attenuates some skeletal muscle cell signalling pathways and gene expression involved in adaptations to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Petersen
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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López-Camarillo C, Ocampo EA, Casamichana ML, Pérez-Plasencia C, Álvarez-Sánchez E, Marchat LA. Protein kinases and transcription factors activation in response to UV-radiation of skin: implications for carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:142-72. [PMID: 22312244 PMCID: PMC3269678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important environmental factor that leads to immune suppression, inflammation, photoaging, and skin carcinogenesis. Here, we reviewed the specific signal transduction pathways and transcription factors involved in the cellular response to UV-irradiation. Increasing experimental data supporting a role for p38, MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and ATM kinases in the response network to UV exposure is discussed. We also reviewed the participation of NF-κB, AP-1, and NRF2 transcription factors in the control of gene expression after UV-irradiation. In addition, we discussed the promising chemotherapeutic intervention of transcription factors signaling by natural compounds. Finally, we focused on the review of data emerging from the use of DNA microarray technology to determine changes in global gene expression in keratinocytes and melanocytes in response to UV treatment. Efforts to obtain a comprehensive portrait of the transcriptional events regulating photodamage of intact human epidermis after UV exposure reveals the existence of novel factors participating in UV-induced cell death. Progress in understanding the multitude of mechanisms induced by UV-irradiation could lead to the potential use of protein kinases and novel proteins as specific targets for the prevention and control of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- César López-Camarillo
- Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.L.-C.); (E.Á.-S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-5488-6661 ext. 15307
| | - Elena Aréchaga Ocampo
- Carcinogenesis Laboratory, National Institute of Cancerology, Av. Saint Fernando 22, 14080, México; E-Mail:
| | - Mavil López Casamichana
- Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.L.-C.); (E.Á.-S.)
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- Massive Sequencing Unit, National Institute of Cancerology, Av. Saint Fernando 22, 14080, México; E-Mail:
- Genomics Laboratory, FES-I, UBIMED, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. De los Barrios 1, 54090, México
| | - Elizbeth Álvarez-Sánchez
- Genomics Sciences Program, Oncogenomics and Cancer Proteomics Laboratory, University Autonomous of Mexico City, Av. San Lorenzo 290, 03100, Mexico; E-Mails: (M.L.-C.); (E.Á.-S.)
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Biotechnology Program, Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, National School of Medicine and Homeopathy of the National Polytechnic Institute, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, 07320, Mexico; E-Mail:
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Li J, Mottamal M, Li H, Liu K, Zhu F, Cho YY, Sosa CP, Zhou K, Bowden GT, Bode AM, Dong Z. Quercetin-3-methyl ether suppresses proliferation of mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells by targeting ERKs. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:459-65. [PMID: 22139441 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention has been acknowledged as an important and practical strategy for the management of skin cancer. Quercetin-3-methyl ether, a naturally occurring compound present in various plants, has potent anticancer-promoting activity. We identified this compound by in silico virtual screening of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database using extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) as the target protein. Here, we showed that quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibited proliferation of mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle G(2)-M phase accumulation. It also suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced neoplastic cell transformation in a dose-dependent manner. Its inhibitory effect was greater than quercetin. The activation of activator protein-1 was dose-dependently suppressed by quercetin-3-methyl ether treatment. Western blot and kinase assay data revealed that quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibited ERKs kinase activity and attenuated phosphorylation of ERKs. Pull-down assays revealed that quercetin-3-methyl ether directly binds with ERKs. Furthermore, a loss-of-function ERK2 mutation inhibited the effectiveness of the quercetin-3-methyl ether. Overall, these results indicated that quercetin-3-methyl ether exerts potent chemopreventive activity by targeting ERKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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Li J, Malakhova M, Mottamal M, Reddy K, Kurinov I, Carper A, Langfald A, Oi N, Kim MO, Zhu F, Sosa CP, Zhou K, Bode AM, Dong Z. Norathyriol suppresses skin cancers induced by solar ultraviolet radiation by targeting ERK kinases. Cancer Res 2011; 72:260-70. [PMID: 22084399 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the leading factor in the development of skin cancer, prompting great interest in chemopreventive agents for this disease. In this study, we report the discovery of norathyriol, a plant-derived chemopreventive compound identified through an in silico virtual screening of the Chinese Medicine Library. Norathyriol is a metabolite of mangiferin found in mango, Hypericum elegans, and Tripterospermum lanceolatum and is known to have anticancer activity. Mechanistic investigations determined that norathyriol acted as an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activity to attenuate UVB-induced phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling cascades. We confirmed the direct and specific binding of norathyriol with ERK2 through a cocrystal structural analysis. The xanthone moiety in norathyriol acted as an adenine mimetic to anchor the compound by hydrogen bonds to the hinge region of the protein ATP-binding site on ERK2. Norathyriol inhibited in vitro cell growth in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells at the level of G(2)-M phase arrest. In mouse skin tumorigenesis assays, norathyriol significantly suppressed solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Further analysis indicated that norathyriol mediates its chemopreventive activity by inhibiting the ERK-dependent activity of transcriptional factors AP-1 and NF-κB during UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Taken together, our results identify norathyriol as a safe new chemopreventive agent that is highly effective against development of UV-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Li
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA
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Kim HJ, Song SB, Yang Y, Eun YS, Cho BK, Park HJ, Cho DH. Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) is a proapototic factor in human keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:920-5. [PMID: 21995813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Mackanos MA, Helms M, Kalish F, Contag CH. Image-guided genomic analysis of tissue response to laser-induced thermal stress. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:058001. [PMID: 21639585 PMCID: PMC3107838 DOI: 10.1117/1.3573387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The cytoprotective response to thermal injury is characterized by transcriptional activation of "heat shock proteins" (hsp) and proinflammatory proteins. Expression of these proteins may predict cellular survival. Microarray analyses were performed to identify spatially distinct gene expression patterns responding to thermal injury. Laser injury zones were identified by expression of a transgene reporter comprised of the 70 kD hsp gene and the firefly luciferase coding sequence. Zones included the laser spot, the surrounding region where hsp70-luc expression was increased, and a region adjacent to the surrounding region. A total of 145 genes were up-regulated in the laser irradiated region, while 69 were up-regulated in the adjacent region. At 7 hours the chemokine Cxcl3 was the highest expressed gene in the laser spot (24 fold) and adjacent region (32 fold). Chemokines were the most common up-regulated genes identified. Microarray gene expression was successfully validated using qRT- polymerase chain reaction for selected genes of interest. The early response genes are likely involved in cytoprotection and initiation of the healing response. Their regulatory elements will benefit creating the next generation reporter mice and controlling expression of therapeutic proteins. The identified genes serve as drug development targets that may prevent acute tissue damage and accelerate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Mackanos
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Clark Center E-150, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5427, USA
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Martínez-Carpio PA, Trelles MA. Cutaneous epidermal growth factor receptor system following ultraviolet irradiation: exploring the role of molecular mechanisms. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 26:250-6. [PMID: 20831699 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00534.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway appears to be essential in many cutaneous disorders. It is well established that ultraviolet (UV) irradiation activates the EGFR in the animal and human skin; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in such activation remain unclear. Our aim is to review and analyse them. METHODS Computerized search and selection of original papers in the MEDLINE database (PubMed) from 1988 to 2009 were performed. Systematic analysis and breakdown of the information selected were carried out. RESULTS Full manuscripts were retrieved for 32 citations. It was proven that UV light acts directly and indirectly on EGFR (ErbB1/ErbB2) and on numerous intermediaries of extracellular and intracellular signalling. The most closely observed changes imply concentrations and/or molecular activity of the reactive oxygen species group, hydrogen peroxide, matrix metalloproteinases, p38MAPKinase, p21WAF1, p53, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 and telomerase. CONCLUSION Our results help to clarify the working and importance of the UV-EGFR system in the human skin.
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Lu PH, Kuo TC, Chang KC, Chang CH, Chu CY. Gefitinib-induced epidermal growth factor receptor-independent keratinocyte apoptosis is mediated by the JNK activation pathway. Br J Dermatol 2010; 164:38-46. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nicotinamide inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-induced IL-8 production in keratinocytes through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. J Dermatol Sci 2009; 56:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Muthusamy V, Piva TJ. The UV response of the skin: a review of the MAPK, NFkappaB and TNFalpha signal transduction pathways. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 302:5-17. [PMID: 19756672 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The sun emits different types of ultraviolet (UV) light. Our skin is a natural target of UV radiation which is involved in vitamin D3 production in our body. UV radiation at high doses is an environmental carcinogen which can elicit skin damage as well as inducing skin cancer. It can mediate inflammatory and immunological reactions through activation of receptors, DNA/RNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species. It is also involved in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, of which TNFalpha has been implicated in tumorigenic activities. In order to mediate its effects, UV radiation is known to activate multiple signalling cascades such as the p38 MAPK, Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and NFkappaB pathways in skin cells. The role each of these pathways plays in mediating the release of cytokines such as TNFalpha remains to be fully characterized. Once the function of these pathways is known, this information may provide for the formulation of therapy which will prevent the release of immunosuppressive cytokines resulting in a reduction in skin cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalini Muthusamy
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP27 induces p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and apoptosis in HeLa cells. J Virol 2008; 83:1767-77. [PMID: 19073744 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01944-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) protein ICP27 has been implicated in a variety of functions important for viral replication including host shutoff, viral gene expression, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and apoptosis inhibition. In the present study we sought to examine the functions of ICP27 in the absence of viral infection by creating stable HeLa cell lines that inducibly express ICP27. Here, we characterize two such cell lines and show that ICP27 expression is associated with a cellular growth defect. The observed defect is caused at least in part by the induction of apoptosis as indicated by caspase-3 activation, annexin V staining, and characteristic changes in cellular morphology. In an effort to identify the function of ICP27 responsible for inducing apoptosis, we show that ICP27 expression is sufficient to activate p38 signaling to a level that is similar to that observed during wild-type HSV-1 infection. However, ICP27 expression alone is unable to lead to a strong activation of JNK signaling. Using chemical inhibitors, we show that the ICP27-mediated activation of p38 signaling is responsible for the observed induction of apoptosis in the induced cell lines. Our findings suggest that during viral infection, ICP27 activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways via two distinct mechanisms. ICP27 directly activates p38 signaling, leading to stimulation of the host cell apoptotic pathways. In contrast, robust activation of JNK signaling by ICP27 requires one or more delayed early or late viral gene products and may be associated with the inhibition of apoptosis.
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Saegusa J, Hsu DK, Liu W, Kuwabara I, Kuwabara Y, Yu L, Liu FT. Galectin-3 protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis by enhancing AKT activation and suppressing ERK activation. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:2403-11. [PMID: 18463681 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes undergo apoptosis in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Galectin-3 is a member of a family of beta-galactoside-binding animal lectins expressed abundantly in keratinocytes and other epithelial cells. Here, we have studied the regulatory role of galectin-3 in keratinocyte apoptosis by using cells from gene-targeted galectin-3 null (gal3(-/-)) mice. We showed that galectin-3 mRNA was transiently upregulated in ultraviolet-B (UVB)-irradiated wild-type keratinocytes. We found that gal3(-/-) keratinocytes were significantly more sensitive to apoptosis induced by UVB as well as various other stimuli, both in vitro and in vivo, than wild-type cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that increased apoptosis in gal3(-/-) keratinocytes was attributable to higher extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and lower AKT activation after UVB irradiation. We conclude that endogenous galectin-3 is an anti-apoptotic molecule in keratinocytes functioning by suppressing ERK activation and enhancing AKT activation and may play a role in the development of apoptosis-related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Saegusa
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95816, USA
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UVB-induced activation of NF-kappaB is regulated by the IGF-1R and dependent on p38 MAPK. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 128:1022-9. [PMID: 18059487 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To manage the frequent exposure to carcinogenic UVB wavelengths found in sunlight, keratinocytes have extensive protective measures to handle UVB-induced DNA damage. Recent in vitro evidence and epidemiological data suggest that one possible protective mechanism is dependent on the functional status of the IGF-1R signaling network. A second important signaling pathway regulating the response of keratinocytes to UVB involves the activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor. Although it is clear that proper functioning of both the IGF-1R and NF-kappaB signaling networks are critical for the appropriate response of keratinocytes to UVB irradiation, it is currently uncertain if these two pathways interact. We now demonstrate that the activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor by UVB is altered by the functional status of the IGF-1R. In the absence of ligand-activated IGF-1R, UVB-induced NF-kappaB consisted primarily of p50:p50 homodimers. Furthermore, the p38 kinase MAPK directs the subunit composition of NF-kappaB following UVB irradiation, most likely in an IGF-1R-dependent manner. We hypothesize that UVB irradiation leads to an activated p38 MAPK that is regulated in an IGF-1R-dependent manner, leading to NF-kappaB p50:RelA/p65 activation and a survival phenotype. In the absence of ligand-activated IGF-1R, UVB irradiation leads to the induction of NF-kappaB p50:p50 homodimers and a p38-dependent increased susceptibility to apoptosis.
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Black AT, Gray JP, Shakarjian MP, Laskin DL, Heck DE, Laskin JD. Distinct effects of ultraviolet B light on antioxidant expression in undifferentiated and differentiated mouse keratinocytes. Carcinogenesis 2007; 29:219-25. [PMID: 17984112 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B causes oxidative stress, which has been implicated in carcinogenesis. We determined if the sensitivity of keratinocytes to UVB-induced oxidative stress is dependent on their differentiation state. In primary cultures of undifferentiated and differentiated mouse keratinocytes, UVB (25 mJ/cm(2)) stimulated production of reactive oxygen intermediates. This was associated with increased messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the glutathione S-transferase (GST), GSTA1-2. The effects of UVB on GSTA1-2 were greater in undifferentiated when compared with differentiated cells. UVB also induced GSTM1, but only in undifferentiated cells. In contrast, UVB reduced expression of manganese superoxide dismutase, metallothionein-2, GSTA3 and microsomal glutathione S-transferase (mGST)3 in both cell types, whereas it had no major effects on catalase, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, GSTP1, mGST1 or mGST2. Of note, levels of GSTA4 mRNA were 4- to 5-fold greater in differentiated relative to undifferentiated cells. Moreover, whereas GSTA4 was induced by UVB in undifferentiated cells, it was inhibited in differentiated cells. UVB activated p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in both undifferentiated and differentiated keratinocytes. Whereas inhibition of these kinases blocked UVB-induced HO-1 in both cell types, GSTA1-2 and GST-4 were only suppressed in undifferentiated cells. In differentiated keratinocytes, p38 inhibition also suppressed GSTA1-2. In contrast, MAP kinase inhibition had no major effects on UVB-induced suppression of GSTA4 in differentiated cells. These data indicate that UVB-induced alterations in antioxidant expression are differentiation dependent. Moreover, MAP kinases are critical regulators of this response. Alterations in antioxidants are likely to be important mechanisms for protecting the skin from UVB-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T Black
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Afaq F, Malik A, Syed D, Maes D, Matsui MS, Mukhtar H. Pomegranate Fruit Extract Modulates UV-B-mediated Phosphorylation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases and Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb01520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Soriani M, Hejmadi V, Tyrrell RM. Modulation of c-jun and c-fos Transcription by UVB and UVA Radiations in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and KB Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0710551mocjac2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Matsuda N, Horikawa M, Wang LH, Yoshida M, Okaichi K, Okumura Y, Watanabe M. Differential Activation of ERK 1/2 and JNK in Normal Human Fibroblast-like Cells in Response to UVC Radiation Under Different Oxygen Tensions ¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720334daoeaj2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Giordani A, Martin ME, Beaumont C, Santus R, Morlière P. Inactivation of Iron Responsive Element-binding Capacity and Aconitase Function of Iron Regulatory Protein-1 of Skin Cells by Ultraviolet A. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720746ioireb2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kabuyama Y, Homma MK, Sekimata M, Homma Y. Wavelength-specific Activation of MAP Kinase Family Proteins by Monochromatic UV Irradiation¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0730147wsaomk2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Frusić-Zlotkin M, Raichenberg D, Wang X, David M, Michel B, Milner Y. Apoptotic mechanism in pemphigus autoimmunoglobulins-induced acantholysis--possible involvement of the EGF receptor. Autoimmunity 2007; 39:563-75. [PMID: 17101500 DOI: 10.1080/08916930600971836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus is an autoimmune cutaneous disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies that cause blistering and erosions on skin and mucous membranes. Circulating autoantibodies bind to epidermal cell membrane and cause cell-cell detachment (acantholysis), leading to epidermal tissue damage and cell death. The principal target of pemphigus vulgaris autoantibodies (PV-IgG) is desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), a constituent of desmosomes, mediating cell-cell adhesion. Several hypotheses for the mechanisms of acantholysis induction by PV-IgG exist, but the actual mechanism is not clear as yet. We have previously reported on apoptosis induction in PV-IgG-mediated epidermal tissue and cell damage as a possible mechanism of acantholysis and cell death (Wang et al. 2004, Apoptosis, 9:131-143). In this study we investigated the involvement of the EGFR and intracellular signal transduction pathways in the PV-IgG-induced apoptosis. We show here that PV-IgG induced activation/autophosphorylation of EGFR in cultured keratinocytes in vitro. The specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 abrogated EGFR autophosphorylation, cell death, FasL appearance and acantholysis, all induced by PV-IgG, in parallel, confirming the involvement of EGFR in this Fas apoptotic cascade. Activation of EGFR was followed by phosphorylation of its downstream substrates, MAP kinase ERK and transcription factor c-Jun, and internalization of EGFR. Pharmacological inactivation of the EGFR and ERK kinase activities, by use of specific inhibitors AG1478 and PD98059 respectively, blocked PV-IgG-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK and c-Jun and cellular apoptosis, measured by flow cytometry and caspase 3 activity. Prolonged activation of EGFR by PV-IgG led to dramatic internalization of this receptor, possibly reducing the ability of the cell to perform survival signals. This suggests that activation of EGFR, followed by its internalization, is pivotal for intracellular apoptotic signal transduction via ERK/c-Jun pathways, leading to acantholysis. Our experimental data indicate that the EGFR is instrumental in transducing apoptotic/acantholytic signals in keratinocytes cultures in response to PV-IgG treatment. The acantholytic effect caused by PV-IgG binding to cell surface receptors begins with and depends on cell surface receptor (EGFR) activation of intracellular signaling pathways (ERK pathway) and apoptosis induction (FasR pathway), which later lead to major cell-cell separation (acantholysis) and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Frusić-Zlotkin
- Myers Skin Biology and Biochemistry Lab, Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Boswell SA, Ongusaha PP, Nghiem P, Lee SW. The protective role of a small GTPase RhoE against UVB-induced DNA damage in keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:4850-4858. [PMID: 17170105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610532200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoE, a p53 target gene, was identified as a critical factor for the survival of human keratinocytes in response to UVB. The Rho family of GTPases regulates many aspects of cellular behavior through alterations to the actin cytoskeleton, acting as molecular switches cycling between the active, GTP-bound and the inactive, GDP-bound conformations. Unlike typical Rho family proteins, RhoE (also known as Rnd3) is GTPase-deficient and thus expected to be constitutively active. In this study, we investigated the response of cultured human keratinocyte cells to UVB irradiation. RhoE protein levels increase upon exposure to UVB, and ablation of RhoE induction through small interfering RNA resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and a reduction in the levels of the pro-survival targets p21, Cox-2, and cyclin D1, as well as an increase of reactive oxygen species levels when compared with control cells. These data indicate that RhoE is a pro-survival factor acting upstream of p38, JNK, p21, and cyclin D1. HaCat cells expressing small interfering RNA to p53 indicate that RhoE functions independently of its known associates, p53 and Rho-associated kinase I (ROCK I). Targeted expression of RhoE in epidermis using skin-specific transgenic mouse model resulted in a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic cells following UVB irradiation. Thus, RhoE induction counteracts UVB-induced apoptosis and may serve as a novel target for the prevention of UVB-induced photodamage regardless of p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Boswell
- Dermatology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Pat P Ongusaha
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center (CBRC), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 and the
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Dermatology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Sam W Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center (CBRC), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129 and the.
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Madson JG, Lynch DT, Tinkum KL, Putta SK, Hansen LA. Erbb2 regulates inflammation and proliferation in the skin after ultraviolet irradiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1402-14. [PMID: 17003495 PMCID: PMC1780187 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the major cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer, the most common form of cancer in the United States. UV irradiation has a variety of effects on the skin associated with carcinogenesis, including DNA damage and effects on signal transduction. The alterations in signaling caused by UV regulate inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. UV also activates the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase and proto-oncogene Erbb2 (HER2/neu). In this study, we demonstrate that the UV-induced activation of Erbb2 regulates the response of the skin to UV. Inhibition or knockdown of Erbb2 before UV irradiation suppressed cell proliferation, cell survival, and inflammation after UV. In addition, Erbb2 was necessary for the UV-induced expression of numerous proinflammatory genes that are regulated by the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and Comp1, including interleukin-1beta, prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), and multiple chemokines. These results reveal the influence of Erbb2 on the UV response and suggest a role for Erbb2 in UV-induced pathologies such as skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Madson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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Van Laethem A, Nys K, Van Kelst S, Claerhout S, Ichijo H, Vandenheede JR, Garmyn M, Agostinis P. Apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 connects reactive oxygen species to p38 MAPK-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1361-71. [PMID: 17023263 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway controls critical premitochondrial events culminating in apoptosis of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes, but the upstream mediators of this stress signal are not completely defined. This study shows that in human keratinocytes exposed to UVB the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) acts as a mediator of apoptosis signal regulating kinase-1 (Ask-1), a redox-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) regulating p38 MAPK and JNK cascades. The NADPH oxidase antagonist diphenylene iodonium chloride and the EGFR inhibitor AG1487 prevent UVB-mediated ROS generation, the activation of the Ask-1-p38 MAPK stress response pathway, and apoptosis, evidencing the link existing between the early plasma membrane-generated ROS and the activation of a lethal cascade initiated by Ask-1. Consistent with this, Ask-1 overexpression considerably sensitizes keratinocytes to UVB-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Although the JNK pathway is also stimulated after UVB, the killing effect of Ask-1 overexpression is reverted by p38 MAPK inhibition, suggesting that Ask-1 exerts its lethal effects mainly through the p38 MAPK pathway. Moreover, p38alpha(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts are protected from UVB-induced apoptosis even if JNK activation is fully preserved. These results argue for an important role of the UVB-generated ROS as mediators of the Ask-1-p38 MAPK pathway that, by culminating in apoptosis, restrains the propagation of potentially mutagenic keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Van Laethem
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Kim SY, Kim DS, Kwon SB, Park ES, Huh CH, Youn SW, Kim SW, Park KC. Protective effects of EGCG on UVB-induced damage in living skin equivalents. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 28:784-90. [PMID: 16114492 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated living skin equivalents (LSEs). Histologically, UVB irradiation induced thinning of the LSE epidermis, whereas EGCG treatment led to thickening of the epidermis. Moreover, EGCG treatment protected LSEs against damage and breakdown caused by UVB exposure. Immunohistochemically, UVB-exposed LSEs expressed p53, Fas, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), all of which are associated with apoptosis. However, EGCG treatment reduced the levels of UVB-induced apoptotic markers in the LSEs. In order to determine the signaling pathways induced by UVB, Western blot analysis was performed for both c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are associated with UVB-induced oxidative stress. UVB activated JNK in the epidermis and dermis of the LSEs, and EGCG treatment reduced the UVB-induced phosphorylation of JNK. In addition, p38 MAPK was also found to have increased in the UVB-exposed LSEs. Also, EGCG reduced levels of the phosphorylation of UVB-induced p38 MAPK. In conclusion, pretreatment with EGCG protects against UVB irradiation via the suppression of JNK and p38 MAPK activation. Our results suggest that EGCG may be useful in the prevention of UVB-induced human skin damage, and LSEs may constitute a potential substitute for animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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