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Caussy C, Vergès B, Leleu D, Duvillard L, Subtil F, Abichou-Klich A, Hervieu V, Milot L, Ségrestin B, Bin S, Rouland A, Delaunay D, Morcel P, Hadjadj S, Primot C, Petit JM, Charrière S, Moulin P, Levrero M, Cariou B, Disse E. Screening for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Related Advanced Fibrosis in Diabetology: A Prospective Multicenter Study. Diabetes Care 2025; 48:877-886. [PMID: 39887699 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening for advanced fibrosis (AF) resulting from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is recommended in diabetology. This study aimed to compare the performance of noninvasive tests (NITs) with that of two-step algorithms for detecting patients at high risk of AF requiring referral to hepatologists. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a planned interim analysis of a prospective multicenter study including participants with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity and MASLD with comprehensive liver assessment comprising blood-based NITs, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE). AF risk stratification was determined by a composite criterion of liver biopsy, magnetic resonance elastography, or VCTE ≥12 kPa depending on availability. RESULTS Of 654 patients (87% with type 2 diabetes, 56% male, 74% with obesity), 17.6% had an intermediate/high risk of AF, and 9.3% had a high risk of AF. The area under the empirical receiver operating characteristic curves of NITs for detection of high risk of AF were as follows: fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) score, 0.78 (95% CI 0.72-0.84); FibroMeter, 0.74 (0.66-0.83); FibroTest, 0.78 (0.72-0.85); Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test, 0.82 (0.76-0.87); and SWE, 0.84 (0.78-0.89). Algorithms with FIB-4 score/VCTE showed good diagnostic performance for referral of patients at intermediate/high risk of AF to specialized care in hepatology. An alternative FIB-4 score/ELF test strategy showed a high negative predictive value (NPV; 88-89%) and a lower positive predictive value (PPV; 39-46%) at a threshold of 9.8. The FIB-4 score/2D-SWE strategy had an NPV of 91% and a PPV of 58-62%. The age-adapted FIB-4 score threshold resulted in lower NPVs and PPVs in all algorithms. CONCLUSIONS The FIB-4 score/VCTE algorithm showed excellent diagnostic performance, demonstrating its applicability for routine screening in diabetology. The ELF test using an adapted low threshold at 9.8 may be used as an alternative to VCTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Caussy
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Institut d'Hépatologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, INSERM Unit, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Damien Leleu
- Department of Biochemistry, INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Duvillard
- Department of Biochemistry, INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
- UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amna Abichou-Klich
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique, Lyon, France
- UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Valérie Hervieu
- Biopathology of Tumors, Groupement Hospitalier Est (GHE) Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Milot
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bérénice Ségrestin
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sylvie Bin
- Service Recherche et Epidémiologie Cliniques, Pôle de Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexia Rouland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, INSERM Unit, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Delaunay
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Pierre Morcel
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Primot
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, INSERM Unit, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer (LNC) UMR 1231, Dijon University Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Sybil Charrière
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Moulin
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Massimo Levrero
- Institut d'Hépatologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1350, UMR PaThLiv, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Département Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre-Bénite, France
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Wang Y, Fang Z, Fu Q, Yao D, Jin X. Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: a cross-sectional population study. PeerJ 2025; 13:e19405. [PMID: 40406231 PMCID: PMC12097236 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.19405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly linked with metabolic syndrome and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a non-invasive technique, to monitor atherosclerosis (AS) in NAFLD patients and to evaluate the AS risk in various sub-populations of NAFLD patients. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4,844 participants, enrolled from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, at the Physical Examination Center of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Participants were aged 18 to 88 years. According to the main points of the ultrasonic diagnosis of NAFLD, the ultrasonic image report was made for the subjects. AS is defined as baPWV ≥ 1,400 cm/s. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between NAFLD and AS, and multiple linear regression analysis to explore the correlation between NAFLD and baPWV by modeling. Subgroup analysis was performed based on age and gender to adjust for confounding bias and complete sensitivity analysis. Results The prevalence of NAFLD was 38.3% in all participants, with 45.4% in men and 25.1% in women. Among the overall NAFLD population and male NAFLD patients, baPWV exceeded the diagnostic threshold for AS (1,419.70 ± 205.51, 1,429.71 ± 196.13) starting from the 45-55 age group. Through the analysis of the age-baPWV scatter plots and fitted lines, along with sensitivity analysis, it is recommended that male patients should start monitoring at 46 years old for AS using baPWV, while female patients should begin at 51 years old. NAFLD was associated with increased odds of AS (OR: 1.206, 95% CI [1.021-1.423], P = 0.027) after adjusting for confounders. NAFLD was independently positively correlated with baPWV (Model 2: β = 0.086, ΔR 2 = 0.006, P < 0.001; Model 3: β = 0.05, P < 0.001). This positive correlation was also observed in both males and females (male: Model 2: β = 0.081, ΔR 2 = 0.005, P < 0.001; Model 3: β = 0.052, P = 0.001; female: Model 2: β = 0.088, ΔR 2 = 0.006, P < 0.001; Model 3: β = 0.042, P = 0.02). Conclusion NAFLD demonstrated an independent association with AS assessed via baPWV, an accessible non-invasive tool for early AS evaluation. Regular baPWV monitoring is recommended for NAFLD patients > 45 years, with males and females initiating surveillance at 46 and 51 years, respectively. Study limitations, including potential biases in NAFLD diagnosis, gender distribution imbalances, and confounding variable interdependencies, necessitate further stratified population analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- The Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Fang
- Emergency Department, Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuyue Fu
- The Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongai Yao
- Physical Examination Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jin
- The Emergency Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Physical Examination Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Poynard T, Deckmyn O, Pais R, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Peta V, Bedossa P, Charlotte F, Ponnaiah M, Siksik JM, Genser L, Clement K, Leanour G, Valla D. Three Neglected STARD Criteria Reduce the Uncertainty of the Liver Fibrosis Biomarker FibroTest-T2D in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Diagnostics (Basel) 2025; 15:1253. [PMID: 40428246 PMCID: PMC12110081 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2025] [Revised: 04/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/28/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Bariatric surgery (BS), drugs approved for type-2-diabetes (T2D), obesity, and liver fibrosis (resmetirom) announce the widespread use of fibrosis tests in patients with metabolic liver disease (MASLD). An unmet need is to reduce the uncertainty of biomarkers for the diagnosis of the early stage of clinically significant fibrosis (eF). This can be achieved if three essential but neglected STARD methods (3M) are used, which have a more sensitive histological score than the standard comparator (five-tiers), the weighted area under the characteristic curve (wAUROC) instead of the binary AUROC, and biopsy length. We applied 3M to FibroTest-T2D to demonstrate this reduction of uncertainty and constructed proxies predicting eF in large populations. Methods: For uncertainty, seven subsets were analyzed, four included biopsies (n = 1903), and to assess eF incidence, three MASLD-populations (n = 299,098). FibroTest-T2D classification rates after BS and in outpatients-T2D (n = 402) were compared with and without 3M. In MASLD, trajectories of proxies and incidence against confounding factors used hazard ratios. Results: After BS (110 biopsies), reversal of eF was observed in 16/29 patients (84%) using seven-tier scores vs. 3/20 patients (47%) using five-tier scores (p = 0.005). When the biopsy length was above the median, FibroTest-T2D wAUROC was 0.90 (SD = 0.01), and the wAUROC was 0.88 (SD = 0.1) when the length was below the median (p < 0.001). For the first time, obesity was associated with eF before T2D (p < 0.001), and perimenopausal age with apoA1 and haptoglobin increases (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Validations of circulating biomarkers need to assess their uncertainty. FibroTest-T2D predicts fibrosis regression after BS. Applying 3M and adjustments could avoid misinterpretations in MASLD surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Poynard
- Medical Faculty Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.P.); (J.A.-W.); (F.C.); (L.G.); (K.C.)
- BioPredictive, 75007 Paris, France; (O.D.); (V.P.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013 Paris, France;
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Raluca Pais
- Medical Faculty Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.P.); (J.A.-W.); (F.C.); (L.G.); (K.C.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013 Paris, France;
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Medical Faculty Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.P.); (J.A.-W.); (F.C.); (L.G.); (K.C.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013 Paris, France;
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, INSERM UMRS_938, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Bedossa
- UMR1149 (CRI), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (P.B.)
- Liverpat, 75116 Paris, France
| | - Frederic Charlotte
- Medical Faculty Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.P.); (J.A.-W.); (F.C.); (L.G.); (K.C.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Michel Siksik
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Laurent Genser
- Medical Faculty Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.P.); (J.A.-W.); (F.C.); (L.G.); (K.C.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Karine Clement
- Medical Faculty Pitié Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (R.P.); (J.A.-W.); (F.C.); (L.G.); (K.C.)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France;
- Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Leanour
- CNRS UMR8507, Laboratoire Génie Électrique et Électronique de Paris (GeePs), Sorbonne Université, 75252 Paris, France;
| | - Dominique Valla
- UMR1149 (CRI), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (P.B.)
- Service d’Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy-la-Garenne, France
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Pose E, Piano S, Thiele M, Fabrellas N, Tsochatzis EA, Ginès P. Moving diagnosis of liver fibrosis into the community. J Hepatol 2025:S0168-8278(25)00063-7. [PMID: 39892822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2025.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, with alcohol consumption and metabolic risk factors accounting for the majority of cases of CLD in many developed countries. Currently, specific strategies for the early diagnosis of CLD are lacking and consequently most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which is associated with negative consequences for disease management and prognosis. Screening for CLD is based on either detection of chronic viral hepatitis B and C, or detection of liver fibrosis in patients with steatotic liver disease related to alcohol or metabolic dysfunction. Non-invasive tools, including serological and imaging-based tests, can be used to detect liver fibrosis. Clinical practice guidelines recommend screening for liver fibrosis using algorithms that combine different non-invasive tests, with widely available but low accuracy tests, such as FIB-4, recommended as a first screening step in the primary care setting, and other tests with lower availability but higher accuracy, such as transient elastography or the enhanced liver fibrosis test, recommended as a second step. There are different pathways for early detection of patients with CLD from primary to specialised care, with primary care providers being key for early detection, management and referral of patients. In addition, interventions targeting metabolic risk factors and alcohol consumption should be carried out in collaboration between specialists and primary care. In this review, we describe liver fibrosis from the community perspective, highlighting gaps in knowledge on how to define the optimal combination of tests, target population, the ideal pathway of care for CLD, and how to increase implementation of programmes for early diagnosis of liver diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pose
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Piano
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University and Hospital of Padova, Italy
| | - Maja Thiele
- FLASH Center for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Núria Fabrellas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuel A Tsochatzis
- Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; UCL Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, UK
| | - Pere Ginès
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEReHD), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona. Barcelona. Catalonia, Spain.
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Kim BK. [Serological Markers to Assess Liver Fibrosis and Their Roles]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2024; 84:195-200. [PMID: 39582306 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2024.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a significant public health issue worldwide, with the degree of liver fibrosis and its progression significantly influencing the treatment and prognosis. A liver biopsy is the standard diagnostic method, but it is invasive and presents various issues. Therefore, numerous non-invasive diagnostic methods have been developed. Serum markers are categorized into indirect markers, which reflect liver damage, inflammation, or functional changes, and direct markers, which measure the components released into the bloodstream during fibrosis. In addition, various kinds of formulas that combined direct/indirect markers and demographic variables were developed and validated with encouraging outcomes. Nevertheless, despite their convenience, serum indicators require cautious interpretation because they are affected by a number of factors. More research will be needed to determine if the clinical course of chronic liver disease under a disease-specific treatment could be monitored appropriately using serological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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Grinshpan LS, Even Haim Y, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Fliss-Isakov N, Nov Y, Webb M, Shibolet O, Kariv R, Zelber-Sagi S. A healthy lifestyle is prospectively associated with lower onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0583. [PMID: 39495134 PMCID: PMC11537571 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, there is limited prospective evidence regarding the association between combined lifestyle factors and MASLD. This study aims to test the association of a combination of lifestyle components, expressed as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI), and unhealthful eating behavior habits with MASLD, insulin resistance (IR), liver fibrosis, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among participants of metabolic and hepatic screening surveys. MASLD was evaluated by ultrasonography or controlled attenuation parameter at 2 time points to assess new-onset, persistence, or remission, and IR was estimated by homeostasis model assessment. Presumed liver fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis were evaluated using FibroMax biomarkers. The HLI was calculated as the sum of 4 lifestyle components: nonsmoking, healthy weight, healthy diet, and physical activity. RESULTS The final cohort included 315 subjects with 6.7 years of follow-up, 40-70 years old. In multivariable analyses, a favorable lifestyle (≥3 components) was independently associated with lower odds of new-onset MASLD (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19-0.90). Similarly, a favorable lifestyle was associated with lower odds of new-onset/persistent (vs. never/remission) MASLD and IR, respectively (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30-0.80; OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24-0.66). There was a dose-response association between HLI and new-onset/persistent MASLD and IR. A favorable lifestyle was associated with lower odds of new-onset metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27-0.95). Adjusting for HLI, unhealthful eating behavior habits were associated with higher odds of MASLD prevalence (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07-3.06). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is prospectively associated with lower odds of MASLD, markers of liver damage, and IR. A holistic approach that considers overall lifestyle and eating behavior may be useful for preventing MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. Grinshpan
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Even Haim
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Ivancovsky-Wajcman
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Nov
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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7
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Liu CJ, Seto WK, Yu ML. Dual-etiology MAFLD: the interactions between viral hepatitis B, viral hepatitis C, alcohol, and MAFLD. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:897-908. [PMID: 39115632 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and viral hepatitis due to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are common liver diseases worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are also emerging health problems. Therefore, in clinical practice, we may encounter subjects with dual etiology of liver diseases such as coexisting MAFLD/HBV, MAFLD/HCV, and MAFLD/ALD. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, clinical features, and mutual interactions of MAFLD with coexisting HBV, HCV, or ALD. The impact of MAFLD on the progression of liver diseases and treatment outcomes in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and the clinical questions to be addressed regarding dual MAFLD and ALD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Liu
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, China.
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Center of Hepatitis Research, College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine and Doctoral Program of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Kim MN, Han JW, An J, Kim BK, Jin YJ, Kim SS, Lee M, Lee HA, Cho Y, Kim HY, Shin YR, Yu JH, Kim MY, Choi Y, Chon YE, Cho EJ, Lee EJ, Kim SG, Kim W, Jun DW, Kim SU, on behalf of The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL). KASL clinical practice guidelines for noninvasive tests to assess liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:S5-S105. [PMID: 39159947 PMCID: PMC11493350 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2024.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-seob Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Rim Shin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - YoungRok Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Eun Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Gyune Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - on behalf of The Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abdelhameed F, Kite C, Lagojda L, Dallaway A, Chatha KK, Chaggar SS, Dalamaga M, Kassi E, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Non-invasive Scores and Serum Biomarkers for Fatty Liver in the Era of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Comprehensive Review From NAFLD to MAFLD and MASLD. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:510-531. [PMID: 38809396 PMCID: PMC11306269 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00574-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide, making it the leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing individuals with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. However, its invasiveness, sampling variability, and impracticality for large-scale screening has driven the search for non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and staging. In this review, we comprehensively summarise the evidence on the diagnostic performance and limitations of existing non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores in the diagnosis and evaluation of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Several non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores have been developed over the last decade, although none has successfully been able to replace liver biopsy. The introduction of new NAFLD terminology, namely metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and more recently metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has initiated a debate on the interchangeability of these terminologies. Indeed, there is a need for more research on the variability of the performance of non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores across the diagnostic entities of NAFLD, MAFLD and MASLD. There remains a significant need for finding valid and reliable non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and assessment of steatohepatitis and fibrosis to facilitate prompt risk stratification and management to prevent disease progression and complications. Further exploration of the landscape of MASLD under the newly defined disease subtypes is warranted, with the need for more robust evidence to support the use of commonly used serum scores against the new MASLD criteria and validation of previously developed scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Abdelhameed
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Chris Kite
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Shrewsbury, SY3 8HQ, UK
| | - Lukasz Lagojda
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Clinical Evidence-Based Information Service (CEBIS), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Alexander Dallaway
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Kamaljit Kaur Chatha
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
- Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | | | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Propaupedic and Internal Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
- Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, DE22 1GB, UK.
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Harpal S Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Research Institute for Health & Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
- Institute for Cardiometabolic Medicine, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
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Kruchinina MV, Osipenko MF, Shestov AA, Parulikova MV. Fatty acid composition of blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in men with steatosis and steatohepatitis with normal transaminase activity. SECHENOV MEDICAL JOURNAL 2024; 15:48-60. [DOI: 10.47093/2218-7332.2024.15.2.48-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Aim. To study the characteristics of the fatty acid (FA) profi le of blood serum and erythrocyte membranes in patients with two forms of fatty liver disease (metabolic + alcoholic): steatosis and steatohepatitis with normal transaminase activity.Materials and methods. We examined 33 men (50.7 ± 9.6 years) with fatty liver disease (metabolic and alcoholic) with fi brosis F ≤ 1 (FibroTest). According to the ActiTest results, patients were divided into groups of steatosis – with minimal (A0–1) activity (n = 17) and steatohepatitis – with moderate/severe (A2–3) necroinfl ammatory activity (n = 16). The FA composition of blood serum and erythrocyte membranes was studied using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry Agilent 7000B (Agilent Technologies, Inc., USA). Methods of unpaired statistics using volcano plot and discriminant analysis based on orthogonal least squares (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis, OPLS-DA), ROC analysis were applied.Results. Volcano plot analysis showed that in patients with fatty liver disease (metabolic and alcoholic) with normal transaminase activity, serum levels of stearic C18:0 (p = 0.016), arachidic C20:0 (p = 0.023), ratio saturated / polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.001) were statistically signifi cantly higher in the steatohepatitis group compared with the steatosis group. The total content in the blood serum of all PUFA (p = 0.003), margaric C17:0 (p = 0.011), the sum of two omega-3 PUFA – eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3) (p = 0.04), the total content of all omega-3 PUFA (p = 0.042) were statistically signifi cantly lower in patients with steatohepatitis. OPLS-DA demonstrated fairly accurate separation of steatohepatitis and steatosis using individual FA and their ratios. When individual FA and their ratios were included in the analysis, a model was obtained with AUC = 0.827 (95% confi dence interval 0.499–1.0), sensitivity 82.2% and specifi city 80.7%.Conclusion. FA in blood serum and erythrocyte membranes appear to be promising biomarkers of steatohepatitis with normal levels of transaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Kruchinina
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine – branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Medical University
| | | | - A. A. Shestov
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - M. V. Parulikova
- Research Institute of Therapy and Preventive Medicine – branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
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Maroto-García J, Moreno Álvarez A, Sanz de Pedro MP, Buño-Soto A, González Á. Serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis assessment. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2024; 5:115-130. [PMID: 38939201 PMCID: PMC11206202 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2023-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury of different etiologies produced by an imbalance between the synthesis and degeneration of the extracellular matrix and dysregulation of physiological mechanisms. Liver has a high regenerative capacity in the early stage of chronic diseases so a prompt liver fibrosis detection is important. Consequently, an easy and economic tool that could identify patients with liver fibrosis at the initial stages is needed. To achieve this, many non-invasive serum direct, such as hyaluronic acid or metalloproteases, and indirect biomarkers have been proposed to evaluate liver fibrosis. Also, there have been developed formulas that combine these biomarkers, some of them also introduce clinical and/or demographic parameters, like FIB-4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), enhance liver fibrosis (ELF) or Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS). In this manuscript we critically reviewed different serum biomarkers and formulas for their utility in the diagnosis and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Moreno Álvarez
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Maroto-García J, Moreno-Álvarez A, Sanz de Pedro MP, Buño-Soto A, González Á. Biomarcadores séricos para la evaluación de la fibrosis hepática. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2024; 5:131-147. [PMID: 38939202 PMCID: PMC11206201 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2023-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
La fibrosis hepática se desarrolla como respuesta a la presencia de daño hepático crónico de diferentes etiologías, provocando un desequilibrio entre la síntesis y degeneración de la matriz extracelular y la desregulación de diversos mecanismos fisiológicos. En los estadios iniciales de las patologías crónicas, el hígado posee una elevada capacidad de regeneración, por lo que la detección temprana de la fibrosis hepática resulta esencial. En este contexto, es preciso contar con herramientas sencillas y económicas que permitan detectar la fibrosis hepática en sus fases iniciales. Para evaluar la fibrosis hepática, se han propuesto multitud de biomarcadores séricos no invasivos, tanto directos, como el ácido hialurónico o las metaloproteasas, como indirectos. Así mismo, se han desarrollado diversas fórmulas que combinan dichos biomarcadores junto con parámetros demográficos, como el índice FIB-4, el índice de fibrosis en la enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólico (NFS, por sus siglas en inglés), la prueba ELF o el score de fibrosis Hepamet (HFS, por sus siglas en inglés). En el presente manuscrito, realizamos una revisión crítica del valor diagnóstico y pronóstico de los diferentes biomarcadores séricos y fórmulas actualmente existentes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maroto-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Ana Moreno-Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | | | - Antonio Buño-Soto
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
- Instituto de investigación en salud del Hospital La (IdiPaz), Madrid, España
| | - Álvaro González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
- Instituto Navarro de investigación en salud (IdiSNA), Pamplona, España
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13
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López Tórrez SM, Ayala CO, Ruggiro PB, Costa CAD, Wagner MB, Padoin AV, Mattiello R. Accuracy of prognostic serological biomarkers in predicting liver fibrosis severity in people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a meta-analysis of over 40,000 participants. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1284509. [PMID: 38419854 PMCID: PMC10899345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1284509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A prognostic model to predict liver severity in people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is very important, but the accuracy of the most commonly used tools is not yet well established. Objective The meta-analysis aimed to assess the accuracy of different prognostic serological biomarkers in predicting liver fibrosis severity in people with MASLD. Methods Adults ≥18 years of age with MASLD were included, with the following: liver biopsy and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI), fibrosis index-4 (FIB-4), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes score (BARD score), FibroMeter, FibroTest, enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF), Forns score, and Hepascore. Meta-analyses were performed using a random effects model based on the DerSimonian and Laird methods. The study's risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Results In total, 138 articles were included, of which 86 studies with 46,514 participants met the criteria for the meta-analysis. The results for the summary area under the receiver operating characteristic (sAUROC) curve, according to the prognostic models, were as follows: APRI: advanced fibrosis (AF): 0.78, any fibrosis (AnF): 0.76, significant fibrosis (SF): 0.76, cirrhosis: 0.72; FIB-4: cirrhosis: 0.83, AF: 0.81, AnF: 0.77, SF: 0.75; NFS: SF: 0.81, AF: 0.81, AnF: 0.71, cirrhosis: 0.69; BARD score: SF: 0.77, AF: 0.73; FibroMeter: SF: 0.88, AF: 0.84; FibroTest: SF: 0.86, AF: 0.78; and ELF: AF: 0.87. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that, when comparing the scores of serological biomarkers with liver biopsies, the following models showed better diagnostic accuracy in predicting liver fibrosis severity in people with MASLD: FIB-4 for any fibrosis, FibroMeter for significant fibrosis, ELF for advanced fibrosis, and FIB-4 for cirrhosis.Clinical trial registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [CRD 42020180525].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. López Tórrez
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Camila O. Ayala
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paula Bayer Ruggiro
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Abud Drumond Costa
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mario B. Wagner
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School Medicine, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vontobel Padoin
- School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rita Mattiello
- School Medicine, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Bril F. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: What comes before and what are the consequences? CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS 2024:185-206. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88426-6.00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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15
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Poo JL, Aguilar JR, Bernal-Reyes R, Alonso-Campero R, Gasca F, Hernández L, Pineyro-Garza E, Gomez-Silva M, Gamino ME, la Parra MGD, Peña P, Hernández N, Tapia G, Muñoz-Espinosa LE. Prolonged release pirfenidone pharmacokinetics is modified in cirrhosis GENESIS study. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115712. [PMID: 37871556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In both clinical and experimental trials, pirfenidone (PFD) showed anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic effects. Considering the wide variation in hepatic functional reserve in patients with cirrhosis, we decided to learn more about the pharmacokinetics of a new formulation of prolonged release PFD in this population (PR-PFD), focusing on assessing changes on AUC0-∞, AUC0-t, and Cmax. METHODS In this study, 24 subjects with cirrhosis were included: eight subjects with mild liver impairment (Child-Pugh A) and eight with moderate liver impairment (Child-Pugh B), and a third group of eight age-matched subjects without fibrosis. All participants were under fasting conditions before receiving orally two 600-mg tablets of a prolonged-release formulation of pirfenidone (PR-PFD) and remained in the clinical unit for 36 h after PR-PFD administration. Serial blood samples were collected after dosing (0.5-36 h). A validated high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to determine PFD plasma concentrations. RESULTS The exposure to PR-PFD was 3.6- and 4.4-fold greater in subjects with Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B than in subjects without cirrhosis, and Cmax was 1.6- and 1.8-fold greater in subjects with Child-Pugh B and Child-Pugh-A than in patients without cirrhosis, without significant differences between the two cirrhotic groups. PFD was well tolerated. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic parameters of PR-PFD are significantly modified in patients with cirrhosis compared with those in controls, indicating that liver impairment should be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Poo
- Grupo Mexicano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Hepáticas, Mexico.
| | - Juan R Aguilar
- Grupo Mexicano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Hepáticas, Mexico
| | | | | | - Frida Gasca
- Grupo Mexicano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Hepáticas, Mexico
| | - Larissa Hernández
- Grupo Mexicano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Hepáticas, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Peña
- Grupo Medipharma, Ciudad de Mexico,, Mexico
| | | | - Graciela Tapia
- Departmento de Genética y Bioestadística, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Linda E Muñoz-Espinosa
- Grupo Mexicano para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Hepáticas, Mexico; Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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16
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Ramezani M, Zobeiry M, Abdolahi S, Hatami B, Zali MR, Baghaei K. A crosstalk between epigenetic modulations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154809. [PMID: 37797383 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently emerged as a major public health concern worldwide due to its rapidly rising prevalence and its potential to progress into end-stage liver disease. While the precise pathophysiology underlying NAFLD remains incompletely understood, it is strongly associated with various environmental triggers and other metabolic disorders. Epigenetics examines changes in gene expression that are not caused by alterations in the DNA sequence itself. There is accumulating evidence that epigenetics plays a key role in linking environmental cues to the onset and progression of NAFLD. Our understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to NAFLD pathophysiology has expanded considerably in recent years as research on the epigenetics of NAFLD has developed. This review summarizes recent insights into major epigenetic processes that have been implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNAs that have emerged as promising targets for further investigation. Elucidating epigenetic mechanisms in NAFLD may uncover novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. However, many questions have remained unanswered regarding how epigenetics promotes NAFLD onset and progression. Additional studies are needed to further characterize the epigenetic landscape of NAFLD and validate the potential of epigenetic markers as clinical tools. Nevertheless, an enhanced understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of NAFLD promises to provide key insights into disease mechanisms and pave the way for novel prognostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Ramezani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Demir M, Bornstein SR, Mantzoros CS, Perakakis N. Liver fat as risk factor of hepatic and cardiometabolic diseases. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13612. [PMID: 37553237 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver that can progress to liver inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH]), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Although most efforts for drug development are focusing on the treatment of the latest stages of NAFLD, where significant fibrosis and NASH are present, findings from studies suggest that the amount of liver fat may be an important independent risk factor and/or predictor of development and progression of NAFLD and metabolic diseases. In this review, we first describe the current tools available for quantification of liver fat in humans and then present the clinical and pathophysiological evidence that link liver fat with NAFLD progression as well as with cardiometabolic diseases. Finally, we discuss current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to reduce liver fat and present open questions that have to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münevver Demir
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
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18
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El-Eshmawy MM. Impact of obesity on liver function tests: is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease the only player? A review article. Porto Biomed J 2023; 8:e228. [PMID: 37846300 PMCID: PMC10575409 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common worldwide health problems with a strong relationship in between. NAFLD is currently the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests (LFT) because of obesity pandemic. The question is NAFLD the only player of abnormal LFT in obesity? Methodology This article reviews the most important topics regarding the derangements of LFT in obesity through a PubMed search strategy for all English-language literature. Results The reported abnormal LFT in obesity were increased serum levels of transaminases (alanine aminotransaminase, aspartate aminotransaminase), gamma glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase and decreased serum levels of bilirubin and albumin. Besides novel potential hepatic markers of NAFLD/NASH such as triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, sex hormone-binding globulin, fibroblast growth factor 21, and markers of hepatocyte apoptosis i.e. cytokeratin 18 and microribonucleic acids (miRNAs). Beyond NAFLD, there are other underlying players for the abnormal LFT in obesity such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Conclusion Derangements of LFT in obesity are attributed to NAFLD but also to obesity itself and its related oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammatory state. Abnormal LFT predict more than just liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M. El-Eshmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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19
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Chee D, Ng CH, Chan KE, Huang DQ, Teng M, Muthiah M. The Past, Present, and Future of Noninvasive Test in Chronic Liver Diseases. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:397-421. [PMID: 37001944 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is a major global health threat and is the 11th leading cause of death globally. A liver biopsy is frequently required in assessing the degree of steatosis and fibrosis, information that is important in diagnosis, management, and prognostication. However, liver biopsies have limitations and carry a considerable risk, leading to the development of various modalities of noninvasive testing tools. These tools have been developed in recent years and have improved markedly in diagnostic accuracy. Moving forward, they may change the practice of hepatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Chee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kai En Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Margaret Teng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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20
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Zhang S, Mak LY, Yuen MF, Seto WK. Screening strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S103-S122. [PMID: 36447420 PMCID: PMC10029948 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, affecting approximately 25% of the general population worldwide, and is forecasted to increase global health burden in the 21st century. With the advancement of non-invasive tests for assessing and monitoring of steatosis and fibrosis, NAFLD screening is now feasible, and is increasingly highlighted in international guidelines related to hepatology, endocrinology, and pediatrics. Identifying high-risk populations (e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome) based on risk factors and metabolic characteristics for non-invasive screening is crucial and may aid in designing screening strategies to be more precise and effective. Many screening modalities are currently available, from serum-based methods to ultrasonography, transient elastography, and magnetic resonance imaging, although the diagnostic performance, cost, and accessibility of different methods may impact the actual implementation. A two-step assessment with serum-based fibrosis-4 index followed by imaging test vibration-controlled transient elastography can be an option to stratify the risk of liverrelated complications in NAFLD. There is a need for fibrosis surveillance, as well as investigating the cost-effectiveness of different screening algorithms and engaging primary care for first-stage triage screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lung-Yi Mak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Atic AI, Thiele M, Munk A, Dalgaard LT. Circulating miRNAs associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C588-C602. [PMID: 36645666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00253.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are secreted from cells as either protein-bound or enclosed in extracellular vesicles. Circulating liver-derived miRNAs are modifiable by weight-loss or insulin-sensitizing treatments, indicating that they could be important biomarker candidates for diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis in nonalcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Unfortunately, the noninvasive diagnosis of NASH and fibrosis remains a key challenge, which limits case finding. Current diagnostic guidelines, therefore, recommend liver biopsies, with risks of pain and bleeding for the patient and substantial healthcare costs. Here, we summarize mechanisms of RNA secretion and review circulating RNAs associated with NAFLD and NASH for their biomarker potential. Few circulating miRNAs are consistently associated with NAFLD/NASH: miR-122, miR-21, miR-34a, miR-192, miR-193, and the miR-17-92 miRNA-cluster. The hepatocyte-enriched miRNA-122 is consistently increased in NAFLD and NASH but decreased in liver cirrhosis. Circulating miR-34a, part of an existing diagnostic algorithm for NAFLD, and miR-21 are consistently increased in NAFLD and NASH. MiR-192 appears to be prominently upregulated in NASH compared with NAFDL, whereas miR-193 was reported to distinguish NASH from fibrosis. Various members of miRNA cluster miR-17-92 are reported to be associated with NAFLD and NASH, although with less consistency. Several other circulating miRNAs have been reported to be associated with fatty liver in a few studies, indicating the existence of more circulating miRNAs with relevant as diagnostic markers for NAFLD or NASH. Thus, circulating miRNAs show potential as biomarkers of fatty liver disease, but more information about phenotype specificity and longitudinal regulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amila Iriskic Atic
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Obesity Research, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Liver Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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22
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Thorhauge KH, Thiele M, Detlefsen S, Rasmussen DN, Johansen S, Madsen BS, Antonsen S, Rasmussen LM, Lindvig KP, Krag A. Serum keratin-18 detects hepatic inflammation and predicts progression in compensated alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3421-3432. [PMID: 36264145 PMCID: PMC9701478 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver fibrosis accumulates over decades, driven by hepatic inflammation and cell death. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of keratin-18 degradation, measured using serum M30 and M65 levels, and the ActiTest for hepatic inflammatory activity in patients with compensated alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Furthermore, we evaluated the prognostic accuracy of markers for liver-related events and all-cause mortality. All findings were compared with routine liver function tests: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Our prospective, biopsy-controlled, single-center study included 265 patients with ongoing or prior excessive alcohol intake, representing the full spectrum of compensated ALD. We defined hepatic inflammatory activity as a combined score of lobular inflammation and ballooning. For severe hepatic inflammatory activity (n = 40), we found excellent diagnostic accuracy for M30 (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUROC] = 0.90), M65 (AUROC = 0.86), and AST (AUROC = 0.86). Elevated M30 (M30 > 240 U/L) had the highest positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity, significantly higher than M65, ActiTest and ALT, but not AST (M30: sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 82%, positive predictive value = 45%, negative predictive value = 95%). Patients were followed up for 1445 patient-years. All markers, except for ALT, significantly predicted liver-related events and all-cause mortality. After adjusting for advanced fibrosis, drinking behavior and body mass index, M30 and M65 remained significant predictors of liver-related events, whereas M30 and AST were significant predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusion: M30 and AST accurately detect severe hepatic inflammatory activity in patients with compensated ALD. M30 was the only significant predictor of both liver-related events and all-cause mortality after adjusting for advanced fibrosis, body mass index, and drinking behavior at inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Holtz Thorhauge
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark,Odense Patient data Exploratory NetworkOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark,Department of PathologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Ditlev Nytoft Rasmussen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Stine Johansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Bjørn Stæhr Madsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Steen Antonsen
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryOdense University HospitalSvendborgDenmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and PharmacologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Katrine Prier Lindvig
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark,Institute for Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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23
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Bischoff SC, Barazzoni R, Busetto L, Campmans-Kuijpers M, Cardinale V, Chermesh I, Eshraghian A, Kani HT, Khannoussi W, Lacaze L, Léon-Sanz M, Mendive JM, Müller MW, Ockenga J, Tacke F, Thorell A, Vranesic Bender D, Weimann A, Cuerda C. European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases - Joint ESPEN/UEG guideline. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2364-2405. [PMID: 35970666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and chronic liver disease (CLD) often suffer from obesity because of coincidence (IBD, IBS, celiac disease) or related pathophysiology (GERD, pancreatitis and CLD). It is unclear if such patients need a particular diagnostic and treatment that differs from the needs of lean GI patients. The present guideline addresses this question according to current knowledge and evidence. OBJECTIVE The objective of the guideline is to give advice to all professionals working in the field of gastroenterology care including physicians, surgeons, dietitians and others how to handle patients with GI disease and obesity. METHODS The present guideline was developed according to the standard operating procedure for ESPEN guidelines, following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading system (A, B, 0, and good practice point (GPP)). The procedure included an online voting (Delphi) and a final consensus conference. RESULTS In 100 recommendations (3x A, 33x B, 24x 0, 40x GPP, all with a consensus grade of 90% or more) care of GI patients with obesity - including sarcopenic obesity - is addressed in a multidisciplinary way. A particular emphasis is on CLD, especially fatty liver disease, since such diseases are closely related to obesity, whereas liver cirrhosis is rather associated with sarcopenic obesity. A special chapter is dedicated to obesity care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The guideline focuses on adults, not on children, for whom data are scarce. Whether some of the recommendations apply to children must be left to the judgment of the experienced pediatrician. CONCLUSION The present guideline offers for the first time evidence-based advice how to care for patients with chronic GI diseases and concomitant obesity, an increasingly frequent constellation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Technological and Translational Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marjo Campmans-Kuijpers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Irit Chermesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Affiliated with Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Ahad Eshraghian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Avicenna Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Haluk Tarik Kani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Wafaa Khannoussi
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Laboratoire de Recherche des Maladies Digestives (LARMAD), Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Laurence Lacaze
- Department of General Surgery, Mantes-la-Jolie Hospital, Mantes-la-Jolie, France; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Paul-Brousse-Hospital, Villejuif, France.
| | - Miguel Léon-Sanz
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Mendive
- La Mina Primary Care Academic Health Centre, Catalan Institute of Health (ICS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Michael W Müller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Regionale Kliniken Holding, Kliniken Ludwigsburg-Bietigheim GGmbH, Krankenhaus Bietigheim, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany.
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen FRG, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet & Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Darija Vranesic Bender
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, St. George Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Chen Z, Ma Y, Cai J, Sun M, Zeng L, Wu F, Zhang Y, Hu M. Serum biomarkers for liver fibrosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:16-25. [PMID: 36174721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common pathway in most chronic liver diseases, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. Without treatment, fibrosis will ultimately result in cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and even liver failure. It is considered that liver fibrosis is reversible while cirrhosis is not, making it significant to diagnose and evaluate liver fibrogenesis timely. As the gold standard, liver biopsy is imperfect due to its invasiveness and sampling error. Therefore, attempts at uncovering noninvasive tests have become a hot topic in liver fibrosis. Nowadays, as an important category of noninvasive tests, serum biomarkers, which are safer, convenient, repeatable, and more acceptable, are widely discussed and commonly used in clinical practice. Serum biomarkers of liver fibrosis can be divided into class I (direct) and classⅡ (indirect) markers. However, the diagnostic efficiency still varies among studies. This article summarizes the most established and newly discovered serum biomarkers for hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyao Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fengxi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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25
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Bischoff SC, Barazzoni R, Busetto L, Campmans‐Kuijpers M, Cardinale V, Chermesh I, Eshraghian A, Kani HT, Khannoussi W, Lacaze L, Léon‐Sanz M, Mendive JM, Müller MW, Ockenga J, Tacke F, Thorell A, Vranesic Bender D, Weimann A, Cuerda C. European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases - Joint European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism / United European Gastroenterology guideline. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:663-720. [PMID: 35959597 PMCID: PMC9486502 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and chronic liver disease (CLD) often suffer from obesity because of coincidence (IBD, IBS, celiac disease) or related pathophysiology (GERD, pancreatitis and CLD). It is unclear if such patients need a particular diagnostic and treatment that differs from the needs of lean GI patients. The present guideline addresses this question according to current knowledge and evidence. OBJECTIVE The objective of the guideline is to give advice to all professionals working in the field of gastroenterology care including physicians, surgeons, dietitians and others how to handle patients with GI disease and obesity. METHODS The present guideline was developed according to the standard operating procedure for European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines, following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system (A, B, 0, and good practice point [GPP]). The procedure included an online voting (Delphi) and a final consensus conference. RESULTS In 100 recommendations (3x A, 33x B, 24x 0, 40x GPP, all with a consensus grade of 90% or more) care of GI patients with obesity - including sarcopenic obesity - is addressed in a multidisciplinary way. A particular emphasis is on CLD, especially fatty liver disease, since such diseases are closely related to obesity, whereas liver cirrhosis is rather associated with sarcopenic obesity. A special chapter is dedicated to obesity care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The guideline focuses on adults, not on children, for whom data are scarce. Whether some of the recommendations apply to children must be left to the judgment of the experienced pediatrician. CONCLUSION The present guideline offers for the first time evidence-based advice how to care for patients with chronic GI diseases and concomitant obesity, an increasingly frequent constellation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Technological and Translational SciencesUniversity of TriesteTriesteItaly
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Marjo Campmans‐Kuijpers
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Irit Chermesh
- Department of GastroenterologyRambam Health Care CampusAffiliated with Technion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Ahad Eshraghian
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAvicenna HospitalShirazIran
| | - Haluk Tarik Kani
- Department of GastroenterologyMarmara UniversitySchool of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Wafaa Khannoussi
- Hepato‐Gastroenterology DepartmentMohammed VI University HospitalOujdaMorocco
- Laboratoire de Recherche des Maladies Digestives (LARMAD)Mohammed the First UniversityOujdaMorocco
| | - Laurence Lacaze
- Department of NutritionRennes HospitalRennesFrance
- Department of general surgeryMantes‐la‐Jolie HospitalFrance
- Department of clinical nutritionPaul Brousse‐Hospital, VillejuifFrance
| | - Miguel Léon‐Sanz
- Department of Endocrinology and NutritionUniversity Hospital Doce de OctubreMedical SchoolUniversity ComplutenseMadridSpain
| | - Juan M. Mendive
- La Mina Primary Care Academic Health Centre. Catalan Institute of Health (ICS)University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Michael W. Müller
- Department of General and Visceral SurgeryRegionale Kliniken HoldingKliniken Ludwigsburg‐Bietigheim gGmbHBietigheim‐BissingenGermany
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik IIKlinikum Bremen‐MitteBremenGermany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & GastroenterologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinCampus Virchow‐Klinikum and Campus Charité MitteBerlinGermany
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical ScienceDanderyds HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of SurgeryErsta HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Darija Vranesic Bender
- Department of Internal MedicineUnit of Clinical NutritionUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Arved Weimann
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological SurgerySt. George HospitalLeipzigGermany
| | - Cristina Cuerda
- Departamento de MedicinaUniversidad Complutense de MadridNutrition UnitHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of hepatic manifestations, starting with liver steatosis and potentially evolving towards non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is a major health burden, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Although it is primarily a disease of disturbed metabolism, NAFLD involves several immune cell-mediated inflammatory processes, particularly when reaching the stage of NASH, at which point inflammation becomes integral to the progression of the disease. The hepatic immune cell landscape is diverse at steady state and it further evolves during NASH with direct consequences for disease severity. In this Review, we discuss current concepts related to the role of immune cells in the onset and progression of NASH. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which immune cells contribute to NASH pathogenesis should aid the design of innovative drugs to target NASH, for which current therapeutic options are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Huby
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR-S 1166), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, UMR-S 1166), Sorbonne Université, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Anstee QM, Castera L, Loomba R. Impact of non-invasive biomarkers on hepatology practice: Past, present and future. J Hepatol 2022; 76:1362-1378. [PMID: 35589256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there have been tremendous advances in the non-invasive diagnosis and risk stratification of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Non-invasive approaches are based on the quantification of biomarkers in serum samples or on the measurement of liver stiffness, using either ultrasound- or magnetic resonance-based elastography techniques. The fibrosis-4 index (non-patented) and enhanced liver fibrosis test (patented) are the most widely adopted serum markers, whereas vibration-controlled transient elastography is the most widely adopted elastography technique. In this review, we discuss the role of non-invasive tests in the current era, as well as their accuracy and how their use in clinical practice has changed the practice of hepatology, including identification of early cirrhosis in patients with risk factors for CLD, diagnosis of portal hypertension, establishing prognosis in compensated cirrhosis, guiding antiviral treatment, and screening for fibrosis and cirrhosis in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Laurent Castera
- Université de Paris, UMR1149 (CRI), Inserm, F-75018 Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Beaujon, F-92110 Clichy-la-Garenne, France.
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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28
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Lardi LL, Lul RM, Port GZ, Coral GP, Peres A, Dornelles GP, Branco F, Fernandes S, Leães CG, Mattos AA, Buss C, Tovo CV. Fibromax and inflamatory markers cannot replace liver biopsy in the evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:85-90. [PMID: 32700499 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the performance of a non-invasive test (Fibromax™, Ferring Pharmaceutical, Saint-Prex, Switzerland) and inflamatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1) in the diagnosis and staging of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS Patients older than 18 years with steatosis were prospectively evaluated at a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil. Liver biopsy, Fibromax™ test and inflamatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1) were performed. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were used, considering liver biopsy as the gold standard. RESULTS Seventy-three Fibromax™ tests were analyzed. SteatoTest presented a sensitivity of 95.5% and PPV of 97.0% for the diagnosis of steatosis. NashTest obtained a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 37.5%, PPV of 90.9% and NPV of 23.1% for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). FibroTest presented a sensitivity of 38.9%, specificity of 92.7%, PPV of 63.6% and NPV of 82.3% to evaluate advanced fibrosis. In the evaluation of patients with grade 2 and 3 steatosis, ROC analyses showed an area under the curve (AUROC) for SteatoTest of 0.68 (P=0.015). NashTest AUROC was 0.59 (P=0.417) for the evaluation of NASH. FibroTest AUROC was 0.79 (P<0.001) for advanced fibrosis. Kappa coefficient values for SteatoTest, NashTest and FibroTest were not statistically significant. Thirty-seven patients performed also analysis of the inflamatory markers, showing that patients with inflammatory activity grade 2-3 on liver biopsy had significantly higher levels of IL6 (P=0.016) and lower TNF-α (P=0.034), but there was no other difference when analysed fibrosis or steatosis. CONCLUSIONS The Fibromax™ test and the inflamatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, MCP-1) did not present a satisfactory performance to be considered a good alternative to replace liver biopsy in the evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo L Lardi
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M Lul
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Z Port
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Coral
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilson P Dornelles
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Branco
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina G Leães
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angelo A Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Caroline Buss
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane V Tovo
- Graduate Program in Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil -
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29
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Ciardullo S, Perseghin G. Advances in fibrosis biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:33-65. [PMID: 35152974 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult world population and the degree of liver fibrosis represents the best predictor of the development of liver-related outcomes. Easily applicable and well performing non-invasive fibrosis tests can overcome the limitations of liver biopsy and are of paramount importance to identify at-risk subjects in clinical practice. While tests with optimal performance and ease of use do not exist at this stage, available markers can be divided in three broad groups: simple serum tests, complex serum tests and elastographic methods. Simple scores (such as Fibrosis-4 and NAFLD Fibrosis Score) are based on readily available biochemical data and clinical features, while complex/proprietary tests (such as Fibrotest, Enhanced Liver Fibrosis and Hepascore) directly measure markers of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis, but have higher costs. Elastography techniques estimate the degree of fibrosis from liver stiffness and are based on either ultrasound or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR elastography has better performance compared with sonographic techniques and is not affected by obesity and inflammation, but is highly costly and less available. In general, non-invasive tests are able to exclude the presence of fibrosis, but their positive predictive value is low to moderate and they lead to a high number of indeterminate results. In this context, a combination of different tests might increase accuracy while reducing gray-zone results. Their ability to predict future events and response to treatment is suboptimal and needs to be studied further. Finally, recent studies have tried different approaches, spanning from "omics" to the microbiome and micro-RNAs, with some promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Segura-Azuara NDLÁ, Varela-Chinchilla CD, Trinidad-Calderón PA. MAFLD/NAFLD Biopsy-Free Scoring Systems for Hepatic Steatosis, NASH, and Fibrosis Diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:774079. [PMID: 35096868 PMCID: PMC8792949 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.774079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide. Historically, its diagnosis required biopsy, even though the procedure has a variable degree of error. Therefore, new non-invasive strategies are needed. Consequently, this article presents a thorough review of biopsy-free scoring systems proposed for the diagnosis of MAFLD. Similarly, it compares the severity of the disease, ranging from hepatic steatosis (HS) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to fibrosis, by contrasting the corresponding serum markers, clinical associations, and performance metrics of these biopsy-free scoring systems. In this regard, defining MAFLD in conjunction with non-invasive tests can accurately identify patients with fatty liver at risk of fibrosis and its complications. Nonetheless, several biopsy-free scoring systems have been assessed only in certain cohorts; thus, further validation studies in different populations are required, with adjustment for variables, such as body mass index (BMI), clinical settings, concomitant diseases, and ethnic backgrounds. Hence, comprehensive studies on the effects of age, morbid obesity, and prevalence of MAFLD and advanced fibrosis in the target population are required. Nevertheless, the current clinical practice is urged to incorporate biopsy-free scoring systems that demonstrate adequate performance metrics for the accurate detection of patients with MAFLD and underlying conditions or those with contraindications of biopsy.
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31
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Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Fliss-Isakov N, Webb M, Bentov I, Shibolet O, Kariv R, Zelber-Sagi S. Ultra-processed food is associated with features of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2021; 41:2635-2645. [PMID: 34174011 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) is associated with mortality and chronic morbidity but has not been studied concerning to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to test the association of UPF consumption with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD and related-liver damage. METHODS A cross-sectional study among volunteers who underwent abdominal ultrasound (AUS), anthropometrics, blood pressure measurements, and fasting blood tests including FibroMax for non-invasive assessment of NASH and significant fibrosis. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate UPF consumption using the NOVA classification. RESULTS A total of 789 subjects were included in the total sample (mean age 58.83 ± 6.58 years, 52.60% men), a reliable FibroMax test was obtained from 714 subjects, 305 subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. High consumption of UPF was associated with higher odds for metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.31-2.71, P = .001) and its components; hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL, among the entire sample (OR = 1.53, 1.07-2.19, P = .026; OR = 1.51, 1.08-2.11, P = .017; OR = 1.55, 1.05-2.29, P = .028). In addition, it was associated with higher odds for NASH and hypertension (OR = 1.89, 1.07-3.38, P = .030; OR = 2.26, 1.20-4.26, P = .012 respectively) among subjects with NAFLD. Stratification by smoking status revealed an association between high UPF consumption and significant fibrosis among ever smokers in the entire sample and among subjects with NAFLD (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.03-3.45, P = .039; OR = 2.85, 1.14-7.14, P = .026 respectively). CONCLUSIONS High UPF consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome in the general population, and among those with NAFLD it is associated with NASH marker. Ever-smoking may act synergistically with UPF to amplify the risk for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itay Bentov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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32
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Francque SM, Marchesini G, Kautz A, Walmsley M, Dorner R, Lazarus JV, Zelber-Sagi S, Hallsworth K, Busetto L, Frühbeck G, Dicker D, Woodward E, Korenjak M, Willemse J, Koek GH, Vinker S, Ungan M, Mendive JM, Lionis C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A patient guideline. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100322. [PMID: 34693236 PMCID: PMC8514420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This patient guideline is intended for all patients at risk of or living with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide and comes with a high disease burden. Yet, there is a lot of unawareness. Furthermore, many aspects of the disease are still to be unravelled, which has an important impact on the information that is given (or not) to patients. Its management requires a close interaction between patients and their many healthcare providers. It is important for patients to develop a full understanding of NAFLD in order to enable them to take an active role in their disease management. This guide summarises the current knowledge relevant to NAFLD and its management. It has been developed by patients, patient representatives, clinicians and scientists and is based on current scientific recommendations, intended to support patients in making informed decisions.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcohol-related or alcoholic liver disease
- ASH, alcoholic steatohepatitis
- BMI, body mass index
- CAP, controlled attenuation parameter
- CT, computed tomography
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- EASD, European Association for the Study of Diabetes
- EASL, European Association for the Study of the Liver
- EASO, European Association for the Study of Obesity
- FIB-4, fibrosis-4 index
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- GLP-1 RAs, glucagon-like receptor 1 agonists
- GP, general practitioner
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- LDL, low-density lipoproteins
- MRE, magnetic resonance elastography
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH CRN, NASH Clinical Research Network
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NIT, non-invasive test
- SMART, specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely
- T1D, type 1 diabetes
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M. Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- InflaMed Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Alma Mater” University, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey V. Lazarus
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kate Hallsworth
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
- European Association for the Study of Obesity
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, University of Navarra Clinic, IdiSNA, CIBEROBN, Pamplona, Spain
- European Association for the Study of Obesity
| | - Dror Dicker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rabin Medical Center Hasharon Hospital, Tikva, Israel
- European Association for the Study of Obesity
| | | | | | | | - Gerardus H. Koek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA)
- European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN)
- Israel Association of Family Physicians, Israel
- Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Juan M. Mendive
- Training Unit of Family Medicine, Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain
- European Society for Primary Care Gastroenterology
| | - Christos Lionis
- European Society for Primary Care Gastroenterology
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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Poynard T, Paradis V, Mullaert J, Deckmyn O, Gault N, Marcault E, Manchon P, Si Mohammed N, Parfait B, Ibberson M, Gautier J, Boitard C, Czernichow S, Larger E, Drane F, Castille JM, Peta V, Brzustowski A, Terris B, Vallet‐Pichard A, Roulot D, Laouénan C, Bedossa P, Castera L, Pol S, Valla D, the Quid‐Nash consortium. Prospective external validation of a new non-invasive test for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:952-966. [PMID: 34398492 PMCID: PMC8518776 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the unmet needs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the prediction of non-alcoholic liver disease by non-invasive blood tests, for each of the three main histological features, fibrosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and steatosis. AIMS To validate externally the performances of a recent panel, Nash-FibroTest, for the assessment of the severity of fibrosis stages, NASH grades and steatosis grades. METHODS We prospectively analysed 272 patients with T2DM. Standard definitions of stages and grades were used, and analyses were centralised and blinded. The performances of the FibroTest, NashTest-2 and SteatoTest-2 were assessed using the Obuchowski measure (OM), the main outcome recommended as a summary measure of accuracy includeing all pairwise stages and grades comparisons, which is not provided par the extensively used binary area under the ROC curve. RESULTS The diagnostic performance of each component of the panel was significant. OM (SE; significance) of the FibroTest, the NashTest-2 and the SteatoTest-2 was 0.862 (0.012; P < 0.001), 0.827 (0.015; P < 0.001) and 0.794 (0.020; P < 0.01), respectively. For ballooning and lobular inflammation, OM was 0.794 (0.021; P < 0.001) and 0.821 (0.017; P < 0.001), respectively. In a post hoc analysis the FibroTest outperformed VCTE by 4.1% (2.5-6.5; P < 0.001) for reliability, with a non-significant difference for OM for fibrosis staging, 0.859 (0.012) for FibroTest vs 0.870 (0.009) for VCTE. CONCLUSIONS From a single blood sample, the panel provides non-invasive diagnosis of the stages of fibrosis, and the grades of NASH and steatosis in patients with T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03634098.
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34
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Mohamad Nor MH, Ayob N, Mokhtar NM, Raja Ali RA, Tan GC, Wong Z, Shafiee NH, Wong YP, Mustangin M, Nawawi KNM. The Effect of Probiotics (MCP ® BCMC ® Strains) on Hepatic Steatosis, Small Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function, and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:3192. [PMID: 34579068 PMCID: PMC8468225 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently consists of lifestyle modifications such as a low-fat diet, weight loss, and exercise. The gut microbiota forms part of the gut-liver axis and serves as a potential target for NAFLD treatment. We investigated the effect of probiotics on hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and biochemical blood tests in patients with NAFLD. At the small intestinal mucosal level, we examined the effect of probiotics on the expression of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as the tight junction protein zona occluden-1 (ZO-1). This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD patients (n = 39) who were supplemented with either a probiotics sachet (MCP® BCMC® strains) or a placebo for a total of 6 months. Multi-strain probiotics (MCP® BCMC® strains) containing six different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species at a concentration of 30 billion CFU were used. There were no significant changes at the end of the study in terms of hepatic steatosis (probiotics: -21.70 ± 42.6 dB/m, p = 0.052 vs. placebo: -10.72 ± 46.6 dB/m, p = 0.29) and fibrosis levels (probiotics: -0.25 ± 1.77 kPa, p = 0.55 vs. placebo: -0.62 ± 2.37 kPa, p = 0.23) as measured by transient elastography. Likewise, no significant changes were found for both groups for the following parameters: LiverFAST analysis (steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation scores), alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. In the immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, no significant expression changes were seen for CD4+ T lymphocytes in either group (probiotics: -0.33 ± 1.67, p = 0.35 vs. placebo: 0.35 ± 3.25, p = 0.63). However, significant reductions in the expression of CD8+ T lymphocytes (-7.0 ± 13.73, p = 0.04) and ZO-1 (Z-score = -2.86, p = 0.04) were found in the placebo group, but no significant changes in the probiotics group. In this pilot study, the use of probiotics did not result in any significant clinical improvement in NAFLD patients. However, at the microenvironment level (i.e., the small intestinal mucosa), probiotics seemed to be able to stabilize the mucosal immune function and to protect NAFLD patients against increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, probiotics might have a complementary role in treating NAFLD. Further studies with larger sample sizes, a longer duration, and different probiotic strains are needed to evaluate the real benefit of probiotics in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hizami Mohamad Nor
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.H.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.); (Z.W.)
| | - Nurainina Ayob
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.); (N.M.M.)
| | - Norfilza M. Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.A.); (N.M.M.)
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.H.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.); (Z.W.)
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.P.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhiqin Wong
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.H.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.); (Z.W.)
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Hamizah Shafiee
- Dietetics Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Yin Ping Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.P.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Muaatamarulain Mustangin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.P.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Khairul Najmi Muhammad Nawawi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.H.M.N.); (R.A.R.A.); (Z.W.)
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Vali Y, Lee J, Boursier J, Spijker R, Verheij J, Brosnan MJ, Anstee QM, Bossuyt PM, Zafarmand MH, on behalf of the LITMUS Systematic Review Team. FibroTest for Evaluating Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112415. [PMID: 34072480 PMCID: PMC8198930 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: FibroTest™ is a multi-marker panel, suggested by guidelines as one of the surrogate markers with acceptable performance for detecting fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A number of studies evaluating this test have been published after publication of the guidelines. This study aims to produce summary estimates of FibroTest™ diagnostic accuracy. (2) Methods: Five databases were searched for studies that evaluated FibroTest™ against liver biopsy as the reference standard in NAFLD patients. Two authors independently screened the references, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analyses of the accuracy in detecting different levels of fibrosis were performed using the bivariate random-effects model and the linear mixed-effects multiple thresholds model. (3) Results: From ten included studies, seven were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analysis. Five studies were included in the meta-analysis of FibroTest™ in detecting advanced fibrosis and five in significant fibrosis, resulting in an AUC of 0.77 for both target conditions. The meta-analysis of three studies resulted in an AUC of 0.69 in detecting any fibrosis, while analysis of three other studies showed higher accuracy in cirrhosis (AUC: 0.92). (4) Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed acceptable performance (AUC > 0.80) of FibroTest™ only in detecting cirrhosis. We observed more limited performance of the test in detecting significant and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients. Further primary studies with high methodological quality are required to validate the reliability of the test for detecting different fibrosis levels and to compare the performance of the test in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Vali
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.L.); (P.M.B.); (M.H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)20-5668520
| | - Jenny Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.L.); (P.M.B.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Angers University Hospital, 49933 Angers, France;
- HIFIH Laboratory, UPRES EA3859, Angers University, 49035 Angers, France
| | - René Spijker
- Medical Library AMC, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Cochrane Netherlands, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Julia Brosnan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- The Newcastle Liver Research Group, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Patrick M. Bossuyt
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.L.); (P.M.B.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.L.); (P.M.B.); (M.H.Z.)
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Younossi ZM, Anstee QM, Wai-Sun Wong V, Trauner M, Lawitz EJ, Harrison SA, Camargo M, Kersey K, Subramanian GM, Myers RP, Stepanova M. The Association of Histologic and Noninvasive Tests With Adverse Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Fibrosis Due to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1608-1619.e13. [PMID: 33307033 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Fibrosis is an independent predictor of death in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We assessed the associations between histologic and noninvasive tests (NITs) for fibrosis with clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in advanced NASH. METHODS Patients with advanced NASH (NASH Clinical Research Network stage F3 or F4) were enrolled in 4 multinational clinical trials of simtuzumab and selonsertib. Liver biopsy samples, NIT results, and PROs (Short Form-36, Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-NASH, EuroQol-5D, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment) were prospectively collected. RESULTS A total of 2154 patients with advanced NASH were included: 52.5% with F4 NASH, 40% male, 72% with type 2 diabetes, baseline liver stiffness of 24.1 ± 14.2 kPa in F4 disease and 14.6 ± 8.0 kPa in F3 disease, baseline mean Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score of 11.4 ± 1.2 in F4 disease and 10.3 ± 1.0 in F3 disease, and a median follow-up of 16 months. Of those with baseline F3 disease, 16.7% experienced disease progression to cirrhosis, whereas for those with F4 disease, 7.3% experienced clinical events (39% ascites, 24% hepatic encephalopathy); patients who progressed had higher baseline NIT scores (all P < .0001). Adjusted for baseline levels, increases in NIT scores were also associated with increased risk of disease progression in both the F3 and F4 groups (P < .01 for all NITs in F3 and for ELF, NAFLD Fibrosis Score, Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and liver stiffness in F4). Higher NIT scores were found to be associated with impairment in PROs: ELF, ≥10.43; Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score, ≥1.80; Fibrotest score, ≥0.54; liver stiffness, ≥23.4 kPa. During treatment, patients with decreases in NIT scores experienced improvement of their PRO scores, whereas those with increase in NIT scores had their PRO scores worsen (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Baseline NIT scores and their changes over time are predictors of adverse clinical and PROs in patients with advanced NASH. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Numbers NCT01672866, NCT01672879, NCT03053050, and NCT03053063).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobair M Younossi
- Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, Virginia; Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia.
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Newcastle National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric J Lawitz
- Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Stepanova
- Center for Outcomes Research in Liver Disease, Washington DC
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Trujillo MJ, Chen J, Rubin JM, Gao J. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers to assess nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A review. Clin Imaging 2021; 78:22-34. [PMID: 33721575 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This begins with a brief discussion of blood-based analysis (serum biomarkers) then progresses through various imaging modalities (imaging biomarkers) including magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound-based imaging methods. The review concludes with comment on the advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of commercially available modalities and the impact they may have on diagnosis and management of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnson Chen
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, NY, New York, USA
| | | | - Jing Gao
- Rocky Vista University, Ivins, UT, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, NY, New York, USA.
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Pennisi G, Celsa C, Giammanco A, Spatola F, Petta S. The Relevance of Noninvasive Tools To Assess Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3928-3938. [PMID: 32436818 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200521133307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, involving about 25% of people. NAFLD incorporates a large spectrum of pathological conditions, from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and its complications include hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This progression occurs, over many years, in an asymptomatic way, until advanced fibrosis appears. Thus, the differentiation of NASH from simple steatosis and identification of advanced hepatic fibrosis are key issues. To date, the histological assessment of fibrosis with liver biopsy is the gold standard, but obviously, invasiveness is the greater threshold. In addition, rare but potentially life-threatening complications, poor acceptability, sampling variability and cost maybe restrict its use. Furthermore, due to the epidemic of NAFLD worldwide and several limitations of liver biopsy evaluation, noninvasive assessment tools to detect fibrosis in NAFLD patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciro Celsa
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Spatola
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Arista Romeu EJ, Rivera Fernández JD, Roa Tort K, Valor A, Escobedo G, Fabila Bustos DA, Stolik S, de la Rosa JM, Guzmán C. Combined methods of optical spectroscopy and artificial intelligence in the assessment of experimentally induced non-alcoholic fatty liver. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 198:105777. [PMID: 33069975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Due to the existing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relation to the epidemic of obesity in the general population, it is imperative to develop detection and evaluation methods of the early stages of the disease with improved efficacy over the current diagnostic approaches. We aimed to obtain an improved diagnosis, combining methods of optical spectroscopy -diffuse reflectance and fluorescence- with statistical data analysis applied to detect early stages of NAFLD. METHODS Statistical analysis scheme based on quadratic discriminant analysis followed by canonical discriminant analysis were applied to the diffuse reflectance data combined with endogenous fluorescence spectral data excited at one of these wavelengths: 330, 365, 385, 405 or 415 nm. The statistical scheme was also applied to the combinations of fluorescence spectrum (405 nm) with each one of the other fluorescence spectra. Details of the developed software, including the application of machine learning algorithms to the combination of spectral data followed by classification statistical schemes, are discussed. RESULTS Steatosis progression was differentiated with little classification error (≤1.3%) by using diffuse reflectance and endogenous fluorescence at different wavelengths. Similar results were obtained using fluorescence at 405 nm and one of the other fluorescence spectra (classification error ≤1.0%). Adding the corresponding areas under the curves to the above combinations of spectra diminished errors to 0.6% and 0.3% or less, respectively. The best results for the compounded reflectance-plus-fluorescence spectra were obtained with fluorescence spectra excited at 415 nm with a total classification error of 0.2%; for the combination of the 405nm-excited fluorescence spectrum with another fluorescence spectrum, the best results were achieved for 385 nm, for which total relative classification error amounted 0.4%. The consideration of the area under the spectral curves further improved both classifiers, reducing the error to 0.0% in both cases. CONCLUSION Spectrometric techniques combined with statistical processing are a promising tool to improve steatosis classification through a label free approach. However, statistical schemes here applied, might result complex for the everyday medical practice, the designed software including machine learning algorithms is able to render automatic classification of samples according to their steatosis grade with low error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Arista Romeu
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Josué D Rivera Fernández
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Karen Roa Tort
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Alma Valor
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico.
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, Alc. Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Diego A Fabila Bustos
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico; Laboratorio de Espectroscopia, UPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad del Conocimiento y la Cultura, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42162, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Suren Stolik
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - José Manuel de la Rosa
- Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zac, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Carolina Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Hígado, Páncreas y Motilidad, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Dr. Balmis 148, Col. Doctores, Alc. Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, México.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little is known regarding the diagnostic performance of fibrosis scoring systems in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to determine the risk factors of NAFLD and evaluate the diagnostic performance of noninvasive fibrosis scoring systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included consecutive patients presented with dyspepsia from January 2017 to January 2019. Clinicodemographic and laboratory parameters including HOMA-IR were recorded. Anthropometric measurements were performed. NAFLD was diagnosed with ultrasonography. The FIB4, NAFLD, BARD, and Nippon scores were calculated. RESULTS Totally, 1008 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 52.3 ± 15 years in the NAFLD group (25.8%) and 36.7 ± 15.7 years in the non-NAFLD group (74.2%). The frequency of NAFLD was 25.8%. Age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), platelet count, HbA1c, HDL, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio were independent risk factors for NAFLD. The most sensitive and specific tests in diagnosing NAFLD were HOMA-IR and Nippon score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Age, BMI, DM, HbA1c, platelet count, HDL, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio were independent predictors of NAFLD. The most specific and sensitive predictors of the presence of NAFLD were Nippon score and HOMA-IR value, respectively. The place of fibrosis scores in the diagnosis of NAFLD patients requires further scrutinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muharrem Bayrak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hanif H, Khan MM, Ali MJ, Shah PA, Satiya J, Lau DT, Aslam A. A New Endemic of Concomitant Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Chronic Hepatitis B. Microorganisms 2020; 8:1526. [PMID: 33020450 PMCID: PMC7601829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public problem despite the availability of an effective vaccine. In the past decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surpassed HBV as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of concomitant chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and NAFLD thus reaches endemic proportions in geographic regions where both conditions are common. Patients with CHB and NAFLD are at increased risk of liver disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the complexity of the pathogenesis, accurate diagnosis of NAFLD in CHB patients can be challenging. Liver biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing and determining disease severity, but it is an invasive procedure with potential complications. There is a growing body of literature on the application of novel noninvasive serum biomarkers and advanced radiological modalities to diagnose and evaluate NAFLD, but most have not been adequately validated, especially for patients with CHB. Currently, there is no approved therapy for NAFLD, although many new agents are in different phases of development. This review provides a summary of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of the NAFLD and highlights the unmet needs in the areas of CHB and NAFLD coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Hanif
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Muzammil M. Khan
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Mukarram J. Ali
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Pir A. Shah
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jinendra Satiya
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Daryl T.Y. Lau
- Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (H.H.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Aysha Aslam
- Department of Medicine, Louis A Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60640, USA
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Hernandez Roman J, Siddiqui MS. The role of noninvasive biomarkers in diagnosis and risk stratification in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00127. [PMID: 33102796 PMCID: PMC7576290 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronically elevated liver enzymes. Diagnosis and risk stratification of NAFLD remains clinically challenge as patients with NAFLD are either asymptomatic or have nonspecific presenting complaints and may have normal liver enzymes. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the clinically aggressive variant of NAFLD, is also difficult to differentiate noninvasively, and a liver biopsy is required to definitively diagnose NASH. Thus, the definitive diagnosis and risk stratification of NAFLD is embedded in histological assessment of the liver. Several clinical aides been investigated in an attempt to risk stratify and identify patients noninvasively as doing a liver biopsy in all patients with NAFLD are not feasible. Since these biomarkers are unable to differentiate NASH from non-NASH, they have leveraged biochemical changes within the liver as patients progress to varying degree of hepatic fibrosis to identify patients with moderate fibrosis (fibrosis stage 2 or greater) and advanced fibrosis (fibrosis stage 3 or greater) to help guide the need for additional and more definitive workup. These clinical aides span from by-products of apoptosis to statistical modelling of clinically available data to identify 'at-risk' patients with NAFLD. The current review will focus the diagnostic performance of these noninvasive serum-based biomarkers in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad S. Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth University (VCU)RichmondVirginia
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Valentina P, Zhu J, Lubman DM, Huguet S, Bismut FI, Bolbach G, Clodic G, Matheron L, Ngo Y, Raluca P, Housset C, Rezai K, Poynard T. Input of serum haptoglobin fucosylation profile in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-cirrhotic liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:681-691. [PMID: 31964615 PMCID: PMC7367700 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haptoglobin bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan have been identified in patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma, but its specificity according to the presence or not of cirrhosis has never been assessed. The aims of this study were to determine if haptoglobin bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan (1) could be a marker of HCC in patients without cirrhosis; (2) could increase the performance of standard alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or recent blood tests for HCC detection, i.e., lectin-reactive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and Liver-Cancer-Risk-test (LCR1-test). METHODS We retrospectively selected patients, 102 with HCC (21 without cirrhosis), matched by stages with 140 controls without HCC (81 without cirrhosis). Haptoglobin fucosylation was assessed by MALDI-TOF. LCR-glycan algorithm was constructed combining components of the LCR-1 test (haptoglobin, gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase, apolipoproteinA1, alpha-2-macroglobulin) with AFP, AFP-L3, DCP and haptoglobin bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan. RESULTS In 102 patients without cirrhosis (21 HCC and 81 controls), the intention-to-diagnose analyses showed that haptoglobin bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan alone had a sensitivity of 71% (15/21;95%CI 50-86), significantly better (P=0.02) than standard AFP (43%;9/21;95%CI 24-63), and a specificity of 96% (78/81;95% 90-99). The sensitivity of LCR-glycan, in patients without cirrhosis, was 86% (18/21; 95%CI 63-95) significantly better (P=0.001) than standard AFP (43%; 9/21; 95%CI 24-63), with an AUROC of 0.943 (95%CI 0.806-0.98) compared to 0.811 (95%CI 0.630-0.908) for AFP (P=0.06). CONCLUSION Haptoglobin bifucosylated tetra-antennary glycan is associated with the presence of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease including those without cirrhosis. Its combination with existing HCC biomarkers could improve the performance of standard AFP for HCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta Valentina
- BioPredictive, Paris, France,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Samuel Huguet
- Radiopharmacology Department, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Francoise Imbert Bismut
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS), Paris, France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plate-forme spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, Paris, France,Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clodic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plate-forme spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Lucrèce Matheron
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Plate-forme spectrométrie de masse et protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Yen Ngo
- BioPredictive, Paris, France
| | - Pais Raluca
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Radiopharmacology Department, Institut Curie, Saint Cloud, France
| | - Thierry Poynard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière (GHPS), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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Schmitz SMT, Kroh A, Ulmer TF, Andruszkow J, Luedde T, Brozat JF, Neumann UP, Alizai PH. Evaluation of NAFLD and fibrosis in obese patients - a comparison of histological and clinical scoring systems. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:254. [PMID: 32758151 PMCID: PMC7405451 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a frequent condition in obese patients and regularly progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and subsequent cirrhosis. Histologic evaluation is the gold standard for grading and staging, but invasive biopsies are associated with obvious risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate different non-invasive tools for screening of NAFLD and fibrosis in obese patients. Methods In a prospective cohort study liver specimens of 141 patients were taken during bariatric surgery. Serological parameters and clinical data were collected and the following scores calculated: NASH clinical scoring system (NCS), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB-4 as well as NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). Liver function capacity was measured preoperatively by LiMAx test (enzymatic capacity of cytochrome P450 1A2). Intraoperative liver biopsies were classified using NAFLD activity score (NAS) and steatosis, activity and fibrosis (SAF) score. Results APRI was able to differentiate between not NASH and definite NASH with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 67% (AUROC 0.76). LiMAx and NCS also showed significant differences between not NASH and definite NASH. No significant differences were found for NFS and Fib-4. APRI had a high sensitivity (83%) and specificity (76%) in distinguishing fibrosis from no fibrosis (AUROC = 0.81). NCS and Fib-4 also revealed high AUROCs (0.85 and 0.67), whereas LiMAx and NFS did not show statistically significant differences between fibrosis stages. Out of the patients with borderline NASH in the histologic NAS score, 48% were classified as NASH by SAF score. Conclusions APRI allows screening of NAFLD as well as fibrosis in obese patients. This score is easy to calculate and affordable, while conveniently only using routine clinical parameters. Using the NAS histologic scoring system bears the risk of underdiagnosing NASH in comparison to SAF score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Marie-Therese Schmitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr.30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Kroh
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr.30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr.30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, Maastricht, HX, Netherlands
| | - Julia Andruszkow
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr, 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonathan Frederik Brozat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Peter Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr.30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, Maastricht, HX, Netherlands
| | - Patrick Hamid Alizai
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr.30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Performance of liver biomarkers, in patients at risk of nonalcoholic steato-hepatitis, according to presence of type-2 diabetes. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 32:998-1007. [PMID: 31789950 PMCID: PMC7337110 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a controversy about the performance of blood tests for the diagnostic of metabolic liver disease in patients with type-2-diabetes in comparison with patients without type-2-diabetes. These indirect comparisons assumed that the gold-standard is binary, whereas fibrosis stages, steatosis and nonalcoholic-steato-hepatitis (NASH) grades use an ordinal scale. The primary aim was to compare the diagnostic performances of FibroTest in type-2-diabetes vs. controls matched on gender, age, fibrosis stages and obesity, and taking into account the spectrum effect by Obuchowski measure. METHODS Data were retrospectively compared among patients prospectively included, with simultaneous biopsy and blindly assessed FibroTest, SteatoTest-2 and NashTest-2. The secondary aim was to construct an index (SpectrumF3F4-Index) to predict an adjusted-area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) for F3F4 diagnosis from the prevalences of fibrosis stages, permitting to reduce the spectrum effect when performances of FibroTest, transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography are indirectly compared. RESULTS In 505 patients at risk of NASH, the Obuchowski measures [95% confidence interval (CI)] of FibroTest, SteatoTest-2 and NashTest-2 were all equivalent in 136 type-2-diabetes cases vs. 369 matched controls: 0.871 (0.837-0.905), vs. 0.880 (0.879-0.881), 0.835 (0.797-0.873) vs. 0.806 (0.780-0.832) and 0.829 (0.793-0.865) vs. 0.855 (0.829-0.869), respectively. Standard-AUROCs (95% CI) were 0.932 (0.898-0.965), 0.872 (0.837-0.907) and 0.834 (0.699-0.969) and reduced after adjustment by SpectrumF3F4-Index to 0.794 (0.749-0.838), 0.767 (0.750-0.783) and 0.773 (0.725-0.822) for transient, magnetic resonance elastography and FibroTest, respectively. CONCLUSIONS When compared by Obuchowski measures, the performances of tests were not different in patients with T2-diabetes vs. patients without T2-diabetes. When individual data are not available, adjusted-AUROCs reduced the spectrum effect.
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Chiou YL, Chyau CC, Li TJ, Kuo CF, Kang YY, Chen CC, Ko WS. Hepatoprotective Effect of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelium in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:349-357. [PMID: 32657670 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1779850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a prominent liver disease in contemporary society because of the changing dieting styles. Complicated syndromes often accompanied by obesity and diabetes makes no standard treatment for NASH. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium (ACM) as nutraceutical supplementation in the treatment of NASH in this 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. METHOD 28 Participants were treated with three capsules per day containing either 420 mg of ACM or 420 mg of starch as a placebo. The participants were required to follow a predetermined regular visit to hospital every three months during the intervention period (6 months). During each study visit, subjects underwent anthropometric measurements and blood testing for biochemical analysis, immune function assay, inflammatory cytokines assay, and FibroMax test. RESULTS The ACM supplemented group had a significant improvement in steatosis and decreased in the inflammatory marker of TNF-α after three and six months. NASH patients who received ACM showed a significant decrease in the SteatoTest mean value from 0.66 at baseline to 0.49 at 6 months (p < 0.029) and the ActiTest mean value decreased from 0.46 at baseline to 0.30 at 6 months (p < 0.029). CONCLUSION This is the first clinical investigation that explores the hepatoprotective effect of A. cinnamomea mycelium in patients with NASH. No participants experienced any adverse events during the study, which suggested that ACM is a safe alternative treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chiou
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Cherng Chyau
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ju Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Kuo
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yling Kang
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Sheng Ko
- Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Zelber-Sagi S, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Fliss-Isakov N, Hahn M, Webb M, Shibolet O, Kariv R, Tirosh O. Serum Malondialdehyde is Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver and Related Liver Damage Differentially in Men and Women. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070578. [PMID: 32630732 PMCID: PMC7401879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) are associated with increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, but large studies are lacking. The aim was to test the association of malondialdehyde (MDA), as a marker of oxidative damage of lipids, with NAFLD and liver damage markers, and to test the association between dietary vitamins E and C intake and MDA levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among subjects who underwent blood tests including FibroMax for non-invasive assessment of NASH and fibrosis. MDA was evaluated by reaction with Thiobarbituric acid and HPLC-fluorescence detection method. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Findings: MDA measurements were available for 394 subjects. In multivariate analysis, the odds for NAFLD were higher with the rise of MDA levels in a dose–response manner, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and lifestyle factors. Only among men, higher serum MDA was associated of higher odds for NAFLD and NASH and/or fibrosis (OR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.33–5.07, P = 0.005; OR = 2.04, 1.02–4.06, P = 0.043, respectively). Higher vitamin E intake was associated with lower odds of high serum MDA level (OR = 0.28 95% CI 0.13–0.62, P = 0.002). In conclusion, serum MDA is associated with NAFLD and markers of NASH or fibrosis among men. Dietary vitamin E may be protective among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423914, Israel; (N.F.-I.); (M.W.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6973984
| | | | - Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423914, Israel; (N.F.-I.); (M.W.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michal Hahn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The RH Smit Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rechovot 76100001, Israel; (M.H.); (O.T.)
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423914, Israel; (N.F.-I.); (M.W.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423914, Israel; (N.F.-I.); (M.W.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423914, Israel; (N.F.-I.); (M.W.); (O.S.); (R.K.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The RH Smit Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rechovot 76100001, Israel; (M.H.); (O.T.)
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Martínez-Castillo M, Rosique-Oramas D, Medina-Avila Z, Pérez-Hernández JL, Higuera-De la Tijera F, Santana-Vargas D, Montalvo-Jave EE, Sanchez-Avila F, Torre A, Kershenobich D, Gutierrez-Reyes G. Differential production of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in liver fibrosis progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:65-75. [PMID: 32301061 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive methods for liver disease diagnoses offer great advantages over biopsy, but they cannot be utilized in all cases. Therefore, specific indicators for chronic liver disease management are necessary. The aim was to assess the production of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1-7 and their correlation with the different stages of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). A prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted. CHC patients were categorized by FibroTest® and/or FibroScan®. Serum concentrations of IGFBPs 1-7 were determined through multiple suspension arrangement array technology. Significant differences were validated by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between the IGFBPs and fibrosis stages. The association was determined utilizing odds ratios (ORs), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to distinguish the IGFBPs in relation to the diagnosis of fibrosis. IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-7 concentrations were higher in CHC than in the healthy individuals, whereas IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, and IGFBP-6 were downregulated in the patients. An apparent increase of all the IGFBPs was found at fibrosis stage F4, but with different regulations. IGFBP-2, -4, -6, and -7 had the best OR, showing the relation to fibrosis progression. The ROC curves showed that IGFBP-7 was the only protein that distinguished F1 from F3 and F2 from F3. IGFBPs participate in liver fibrosis progression and could be employed as circulating novel protein panels for diagnosis and as possible therapeutic targets in liver fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Martínez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM), Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dorothy Rosique-Oramas
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM), Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zaira Medina-Avila
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM), Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Francico Sanchez-Avila
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, México
| | - Aldo Torre
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, México
| | - David Kershenobich
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM), Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, México
| | - Gabriela Gutierrez-Reyes
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory (HIPAM), Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Trilianos P, Tsangaris A, Tawadros A, Deshpande V, Pyrsopoulos N. The Reliability of Fibro-test in Staging Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipients with Recurrent Hepatitis C. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:9-12. [PMID: 32274340 PMCID: PMC7132024 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2019.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for staging of chronic liver disease following orthotopic liver transplantation. Noninvasive assessment of fibrosis with Fibro-test (FT) is well-studied in immunocompetent populations with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of FT in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in the allografts of liver transplant recipients with evidence of recurrent hepatitis C. Methods: We retrospectively compared liver biopsies and FT performed within a median of 1 month of each other in orthotopic liver transplantation recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. Results: The study population comprised 22 patients, most of them male (19/22), and with median age of 62 years. For all patients, there was at least a one-stage difference in fibrosis as assessed by liver biopsy compared to FT, while for the majority (16/22) there was at least a two-stage difference. The absence of correlation between the two modalities was statistically demonstrated (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.01). In detecting significant fibrosis (a METAVIR stage of F2 and above), an FT cut-off of 0.5 showed moderate sensitivity (77%) and negative predictive value (80%), but suboptimal specificity (61%) and positive predictive value (58%). Conclusions: In post-transplant patients with recurrent hepatitis C, FT appears to be inaccurately assessing the degree of allograft fibrosis, therefore limiting its reliability as a staging tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Trilianos
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
| | - Adamantios Tsangaris
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
| | - Augustine Tawadros
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
| | - Vrushak Deshpande
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
| | - Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospital, Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School, NJ, USA
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50
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Salomone F, Ivancovsky-Wajcman D, Fliss-Isakov N, Webb M, Grosso G, Godos J, Galvano F, Shibolet O, Kariv R, Zelber-Sagi S. Higher phenolic acid intake independently associates with lower prevalence of insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100069. [PMID: 32195455 PMCID: PMC7078532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The inverse association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diets rich in fruit and vegetables has been demonstrated, but the specific compounds that may be responsible for this association need to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to test the association between phenolic acid consumption, NAFLD, and insulin resistance (IR). Methods A cross-sectional cohort of individuals included in a metabolic screening program was studied. Liver steatosis was evaluated by ultrasonography and quantified by the hepatorenal index (HRI); fibrosis was assessed by FibroTest; IR by the sample upper quartile of the homeostatic model assessment score. Dietary intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire. The phenolic acid content of food was calculated according to Phenol-Explorer. Results A total of 789 individuals were included (52.6% men, age 58.83 ± 6.58 years). Higher (above the upper median) phenolic acid intake was inversely associated with the presence of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 0.69; 95% CI 0.49–0.98; p = 0.036), higher HRI (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45–0.91; p = 0.013) and higher IR (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42–0.87; p = 0.007), when adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and lifestyle factors. Considering specific classes of phenolic acids, higher hydroxybenzoic acid intake was independently associated with lower odds of NAFLD, higher HRI and fibrosis. Higher hydroxycinnamic acid intake was independently associated with lower odds of IR. Conclusion A higher intake of phenolic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of liver steatosis and IR in a cross-sectional study, suggesting a possible protective effect that requires confirmation in prospective studies. Lay summary High dietary intake of total phenolic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. A high intake of hydroxybenzoic acids, a class of phenolic acids, is associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis and clinically significant fibrosis, while a high intake of hydroxycinnamic acids, another class of phenolic acids, is associated with a lower prevalence of insulin resistance. High intake of total phenolic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD and insulin resistance. High intake of hydroxybenzoic acids is associated with a lower prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis. High intake of hydroxycinnamic acids is associated with lower prevalence of insulin resistance.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUS, abdominal ultrasonography
- BMI, body mass index
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- FFQ, food frequency questionnaire
- HOMA, homeostatic model assessment
- HRI, hepatorenal index
- Hb1Ac, glycated hemoglobin
- IR, Insulin resistance
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OR, odds ratio
- SFAs, saturated fatty acids
- diet
- fibrosis
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- phenolic acids
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Naomi Fliss-Isakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Muriel Webb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Oren Shibolet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Revital Kariv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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