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Weiskopf SR, Isbell F, Arce-Plata MI, Di Marco M, Harfoot M, Johnson J, Lerman SB, Miller BW, Morelli TL, Mori AS, Weng E, Ferrier S. Biodiversity loss reduces global terrestrial carbon storage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4354. [PMID: 38778013 PMCID: PMC11111688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural ecosystems store large amounts of carbon globally, as organisms absorb carbon from the atmosphere to build large, long-lasting, or slow-decaying structures such as tree bark or root systems. An ecosystem's carbon sequestration potential is tightly linked to its biological diversity. Yet when considering future projections, many carbon sequestration models fail to account for the role biodiversity plays in carbon storage. Here, we assess the consequences of plant biodiversity loss for carbon storage under multiple climate and land-use change scenarios. We link a macroecological model projecting changes in vascular plant richness under different scenarios with empirical data on relationships between biodiversity and biomass. We find that biodiversity declines from climate and land use change could lead to a global loss of between 7.44-103.14 PgC (global sustainability scenario) and 10.87-145.95 PgC (fossil-fueled development scenario). This indicates a self-reinforcing feedback loop, where higher levels of climate change lead to greater biodiversity loss, which in turn leads to greater carbon emissions and ultimately more climate change. Conversely, biodiversity conservation and restoration can help achieve climate change mitigation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, VA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Forest Isbell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mike Harfoot
- Vizzuality, 123 Calle de Fuencarral, 28010, Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Johnson
- Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, 1994 Buford Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | | | - Brian W Miller
- U.S. Geological Survey North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Toni Lyn Morelli
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ensheng Weng
- Columbia University/NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY, 10025, USA
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2
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Li Y, Wang S, Yang Y, Ren L, Wang Z, Liao Y, Yong T. Global synthesis on the response of soil microbial necromass carbon to climate-smart agriculture. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17302. [PMID: 38699927 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) supports the sustainability of crop production and food security, and benefiting soil carbon storage. Despite the critical importance of microorganisms in the carbon cycle, systematic investigations on the influence of CSA on soil microbial necromass carbon and its driving factors are still limited. We evaluated 472 observations from 73 peer-reviewed articles to show that, compared to conventional practice, CSA generally increased soil microbial necromass carbon concentrations by 18.24%. These benefits to soil microbial necromass carbon, as assessed by amino sugar biomarkers, are complex and influenced by a variety of soil, climatic, spatial, and biological factors. Changes in living microbial biomass are the most significant predictor of total, fungal, and bacterial necromass carbon affected by CSA; in 61.9%-67.3% of paired observations, the CSA measures simultaneously increased living microbial biomass and microbial necromass carbon. Land restoration and nutrient management therein largely promoted microbial necromass carbon storage, while cover crop has a minor effect. Additionally, the effects were directly influenced by elevation and mean annual temperature, and indirectly by soil texture and initial organic carbon content. In the optimal scenario, the potential global carbon accrual rate of CSA through microbial necromass is approximately 980 Mt C year-1, assuming organic amendment is included following conservation tillage and appropriate land restoration. In conclusion, our study suggests that increasing soil microbial necromass carbon through CSA provides a vital way of mitigating carbon loss. This emphasizes the invisible yet significant influence of soil microbial anabolic activity on global carbon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yüze Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuncheng Liao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Macedo-Rego RC, Jennions MD, Santos ESA. Does the potential strength of sexual selection differ between mating systems with and without defensive behaviours? A meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38597347 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Darwin-Bateman paradigm predicts that females enhance their fitness by being choosy and mating with high-quality males, while males should compete to mate with as many females as possible. In many species, males enhance their fitness by defending females and/or resources used by females. That is, males directly defend access to mating opportunities. However, paternity analyses have repeatedly shown that females in most species mate polyandrously, which contradicts traditional expectations that male defensive behaviours lead to monandry. Here, in an extensive meta-analysis, encompassing 109 species and 1026 effect sizes from across the animal kingdom, we tested if the occurrence of defensive behaviours modulates sexual selection on females and males. If so, we can illuminate the extent to which males really succeed in defending access to mating and fertilisation opportunities. We used four different indices of the opportunity for sexual selection that comprise pre-mating and/or post-mating episodes of selection. We found, for both sexes, that the occurrence of defensive behaviours does not modulate the potential strength of sexual selection. This implies that male defensive behaviours do not predict the true intensity of sexual selection. While the most extreme levels of sexual selection on males are in species with male defensive behaviours, which indicates that males do sometimes succeed in restricting females' re-mating ability (e.g. elephant seals, Mirounga leonina), estimates of the opportunity for sexual selection vary greatly across species, regardless of whether or not defensive behaviours occur. Indeed, widespread polyandry shows that females are usually not restricted by male defensive behaviours. In addition, our results indicate that post-mating episodes of selection, such as cryptic female choice and sperm competition, might be important factors modulating the opportunity for sexual selection. We discuss: (i) why male defensive behaviours fail to lower the opportunity for sexual selection among females or fail to elevate it for males; (ii) how post-mating events might influence sexual selection; and (iii) the role of females as active participants in sexual selection. We also highlight that inadequate data reporting in the literature prevented us from extracting effect sizes from many studies that had presumably collected the relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Macedo-Rego
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no. 321, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Centre, 10 Marais Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Eduardo S A Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no. 321, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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Hu Y, Deng Q, Kätterer T, Olesen JE, Ying SC, Ochoa-Hueso R, Mueller CW, Weintraub MN, Chen J. Depth-dependent responses of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17247. [PMID: 38491798 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence points out that the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to nitrogen (N) addition differ along the soil profile, highlighting the importance of synthesizing results from different soil layers. Here, using a global meta-analysis, we found that N addition significantly enhanced topsoil (0-30 cm) SOC by 3.7% (±1.4%) in forests and grasslands. In contrast, SOC in the subsoil (30-100 cm) initially increased with N addition but decreased over time. The model selection analysis revealed that experimental duration and vegetation type are among the most important predictors across a wide range of climatic, environmental, and edaphic variables. The contrasting responses of SOC to N addition indicate the importance of considering deep soil layers, particularly for long-term continuous N deposition. Finally, the lack of depth-dependent SOC responses to N addition in experimental and modeling frameworks has likely resulted in the overestimation of changes in SOC storage under enhanced N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Qi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Kätterer
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Eivind Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Institute of Ecology, Chair of Soil Science, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael N Weintraub
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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5
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Xu Y, Lu YG, Zou B, Xu M, Feng YX. Unraveling the enigma of NPP variation in Chinese vegetation ecosystems: The interplay of climate change and land use change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169023. [PMID: 38042178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Global carbon emissions have exacerbated the greenhouse effect, exerting a profound impact on ecosystems worldwide. Gaining an understanding of the fluctuations in vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) is pivotal in the assessment of environmental quality, estimation of carbon source/sink potential, and facilitation of ecological restoration. Employing MODIS and meteorological data, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of NPP evolution in Chinese vegetation ecosystems (VESs), employing Theil-Sen median trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall test. Furthermore, utilizing scenario-based analysis, we quantitatively determined the respective contributions of climate change and land use change to NPP variations across various scales. The overall NPP exhibited a discernible upward trend from 2000 to 2020, with a growth rate of 5.83 gC·m-2·year-1. Forestland ecosystem (FES) displayed the highest rate of increase (9.40 gC·m-2·year-1), followed by cropland ecosystem (CES) (4.00 gC·m-2·year-1) and grassland ecosystem (GES) (3.40 gC·m-2·year-1). Geographically, NPP exhibited a spatial pattern characterized by elevated values in the southeast and diminished values in the northwest. In addition, climate change had elevated 76.39 % of CES NPP, 90.62 % of FES NPP, and 71.78 % of GES NPP. At the national level, climate change accounted for 83.14 % of the NPP changes, while land use change contributed 14.14 %. Notably, climate change emerged as the primary driving force behind NPP variations across all VEGs, with land use change exerting the most pronounced influence on CES. At the grid scale (2 km × 2 km), land use change played a substantial role in all VEGs, contributing 60.01 % in CES, 54.20 % in FES, and 55.61 % in GES of the NPP variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xu
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yun-Gui Lu
- College of Geomatics and Geoinformation, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen 529199, China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen 529199, China.
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6
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Wang F, Zhao Z, Wang P, Zhong L, Yang S, Tang J, Hou S, Tseng TH, Cao Y, Yang R. Over 1/4 of China's terrestrial area significantly contributed both to biodiversity conservation and carbon neutrality, requiring protection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169070. [PMID: 38056645 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) play a crucial role in halting biodiversity loss and mitigating climate change. However, research on the advantages of integrating biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation within PAs remains limited, and there is a deficiency in holistic, scientifically supported management strategies. To address these gaps, we conducted a case study in China, comparing the conservation effectiveness of designating conservation priorities considering either single or multiple objectives, including biodiversity conservation and carbon neutrality. The results showed that integrating multiple values could truly increase the effectiveness of PAs compared to a single value considered. Over 1/4 of China's terrestrial area had a significant contribution for both biodiversity conservation and carbon neutrality, yet remained unprotected. Expanding PAs in these areas holds tremendous win-win biodiversity conservation and carbon neutrality opportunity. We delineated different conservation priorities for comprehensive management and outlined strategies for different types of areas. The framework presented in this study can serve as a reference for other places with comparable scales or management objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Wang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Le Zhong
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
| | - Shenglan Yang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
| | - Jiale Tang
- Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, China.
| | - Shuyu Hou
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Tz-Hsuan Tseng
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Tang F, Zhou Y, Bai Y. The effect of mixed forest identity on soil carbon stocks in Pinus massoniana mixed forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167889. [PMID: 37852480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Increased productivity generally promotes the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The productivity of mixed forests is mainly influenced by plant species richness (PSR), mixed forest age (MFA), and mixed species proportion (MSP). However, the influence of PSR, MFA, and MSP on SOC stocks along the soil profiles in Pinus massoniana mixed forests remains to be determined. We conducted a meta-analysis employing paired observations of SOC stocks from 1010 paired mixed and pure stands of P. massoniana from 110 publications. The findings revealed that SOC stocks were highly dependent on MFA and increased with increasing MFA in various soil layers, rather than the expected influence of PSR. MFA contributed 48.97 %, 83.20 %, and 38.41 % to the increased SOC stocks in the topsoil, midsoil, and subsoil, respectively. Furthermore, MSP also significantly affected the increase in SOC stock in the topsoil and midsoil when 40 % < MSP ≤ 60 %. Over the next 60 years, subsoil SOC accumulation will be limited by increased PSR and MSP in mixed forests. Mixing between P. massoniana and broadleaf tree species (especially Schima superba and Lespedeza bicolor) significantly enhanced SOC stocks along the soil profiles. SOC stocks along the soil profiles decreased with increasing dominant mixed tree species richness (e.g., broadleaf, deciduous broadleaf, arbuscular mycorrhizal, and the sum of conifer and broadleaf trees). Incorporating lower PSR (e.g., 2 ≤ N ≤ 10) and dominant mixed tree species richness (e.g., N = 2) practices may be optimization options for increasing SOC stocks. Overall, based on the expected goals, including optimizing productivity, enhancing carbon storage, mitigating climate change, and promoting biodiversity conservation, we emphasize the importance of incorporating MFA, MSP, tree species identity, and subsoil into forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Tang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunchao Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yunxing Bai
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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8
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Wan X, Joly FX, Jia H, Zhu M, Fu Y, Huang Z. Functional identity drives tree species richness-induced increases in litterfall production and forest floor mass in young tree communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1003-1014. [PMID: 37606255 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Forest floor accumulation is a key process that influences ecosystem carbon cycling. Despite evidence suggesting that tree diversity and soil carbon are positively correlated, most soil carbon studies typically omit the response of the forest floor carbon to tree diversity loss. Here, we evaluated how tree species richness affects forest floor mass and how this effect is mediated by litterfall production and forest floor decay rate in a tree diversity experiment in a subtropical forest. We observed that greater tree species richness leads to higher forest floor accumulation at the soil surface through increasing litterfall production - positively linked to functional trait identity (i.e. community-weighted mean functional trait) rather than functional diversity - and unchanged forest floor decay. Interestingly, structural equation modelling revealed that this lack of overall significant tree species richness effect on forest floor decay rate was due to two indirect and opposite effects cancelling each other out. Indeed, tree species richness increased forest floor decay rate through increasing litterfall production while decreasing forest floor decay rate by increasing litter species richness. Our reports of greater organic matter accumulation in the forest floor in species-rich forests suggest that tree diversity may have long-term and important effect on ecosystem carbon cycling and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yanrong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Zhiqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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Šidlauskaitė G, Kadžiulienė Ž. The Effect of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Quality of Forage Composed of Various Species of Legumes in the Northern Part of a Temperate Climate Zone. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3676. [PMID: 37960033 PMCID: PMC10650819 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the quality of perennial grasses. Both grasses and legumes are important in swards, and each type of grass has different biological and ecological properties. Legumes in multi-species swards, especially in their early ages, benefit other Poaceae grasses by improving their growth. When evaluating individual cuts over a three-year period, it was determined that the quality indicators of the forage were significantly influenced by the year of use, N fertilizer application, and the different species compositions of the swards. In many cases, N fertilizers significantly reduced the CP content while tending to increase MADF and NDF. Monoculture grass swards had the highest WSC content; in most cases, N fertilizers increased the WSC content in the forage. DMD was the lowest in the first year of use, specifically in the first cut. Our three-year experiment, which investigated twelve swards with different species compositions, demonstrated that legume grasses improved the quality indicators of forage and contributed to maintaining a more stable overall forage yield over the years. As the climate continues to become warmer, there is a growing need to study a wide range of plant species and different varieties suitable for local growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintarė Šidlauskaitė
- Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Instituto al. 1, 58344 Akademija, Lithuania;
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10
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Spohn M, Bagchi S, Biederman LA, Borer ET, Bråthen KA, Bugalho MN, Caldeira MC, Catford JA, Collins SL, Eisenhauer N, Hagenah N, Haider S, Hautier Y, Knops JMH, Koerner SE, Laanisto L, Lekberg Y, Martina JP, Martinson H, McCulley RL, Peri PL, Macek P, Power SA, Risch AC, Roscher C, Seabloom EW, Stevens C, Veen GFC, Virtanen R, Yahdjian L. The positive effect of plant diversity on soil carbon depends on climate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6624. [PMID: 37857640 PMCID: PMC10587103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is currently known about how climate modulates the relationship between plant diversity and soil organic carbon and the mechanisms involved. Yet, this knowledge is of crucial importance in times of climate change and biodiversity loss. Here, we show that plant diversity is positively correlated with soil carbon content and soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio across 84 grasslands on six continents that span wide climate gradients. The relationships between plant diversity and soil carbon as well as plant diversity and soil organic matter quality (carbon-to-nitrogen ratio) are particularly strong in warm and arid climates. While plant biomass is positively correlated with soil carbon, plant biomass is not significantly correlated with plant diversity. Our results indicate that plant diversity influences soil carbon storage not via the quantity of organic matter (plant biomass) inputs to soil, but through the quality of organic matter. The study implies that ecosystem management that restores plant diversity likely enhances soil carbon sequestration, particularly in warm and arid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Lori A Biederman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 251 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kari Anne Bråthen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Miguel N Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves" (CEABN-InBIO), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, 30 Aldwych, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Hagenah
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sylvia Haider
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Institute of Ecology, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology and Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Health and Environmental Sciences, Xián Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sally E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Department of Biodiversity and Nature Tourism, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi St. 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch and University of Montana, Montana, USA
| | - Jason P Martina
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Holly Martinson
- Department of Biology, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD, 21157, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Pablo L Peri
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Petr Macek
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sally A Power
- Haweksbury Institute for the Environment, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Carly Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Risto Virtanen
- Ecology & Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Xie Y, Zhang W, Guo Z, Du X, Fan L, Chen S, Dong Y. Effects of vegetation succession on soil microbial stoichiometry in Phyllstachys edulis stands following abandonment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164971. [PMID: 37336394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is China's most important economic bamboo species. With a continuous decline in the value of its shoots and timber and an increase in affiliated labor and production costs, many of these stands have been abandoned, resulting in the occurrence of vegetation succession. Currently, our understanding on changes in soil microbial stoichiometric and entropic effects and associated imbalances following stand abandonment is limited. Accordingly, this study explores three timescales of Ph. edulis stand abandonment (i.e., 0, 9, and 21 years) to investigate soil-microbial carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) dynamics within a 30 cm soil profile. Results showed that (1) following abandonment, vegetation succession significantly influenced soil carbon (Csoil), nitrogen (Nsoil), and phosphorus (Psoil), microbial biomass (Cmic), nitrogen (Nmic), and phosphorus (Pmic), and Csoil:Nsoil:Psoil and Cmic:Nmic:Pmic ratios. Additionally, Csoil, Nsoil, Psoil, Cmic, Nmic, Pmic all increased significantly over time following abandonment. Moreover, Csoil:Nsoil, Cmic:Pmic, and Nmic:Pmic ratios clearly increased while Csoil:Psoil, Nsoil:Psoil, and Cmic:Nmic ratios all significantly decreased. (2) Soil microbial entropy nitrogen (qMBN) and soil microbial imbalances in Cimb:Nimb increased while soil microbial entropy carbon (qMBC), soil microbial entropy phosphorus (qMBP), and soil microbial imbalances in Cimb:Pimb and Nimb:Pimb decreased over time following abandonment. (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that Csoil:Nsoil and Cmic:Pmic ratios were key influencing factors of microbial quotient (qMB), explaining 55.35 % and 24.39 % of variation, respectively. Following abandonment, positive or negative successional impacts on Csoil:Nsoil:Psoil, microbial C, N, P stoichiometric imbalances (Cimb:Nimb:Pimb), and Csoil:Nsoil:Psoil ratios had a positive effect on qMB. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of Csoil:Nsoil:Psoil and Cimb:Nimb:Pimb ratios in regulating qMB induced by vegetation succession following Ph. edulis abandonment, and provide valuable information for vegetation restoration and establishment of bamboo mixed forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xie
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziwu Guo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuhua Du
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanglin Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Dong
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Cheng G, Zhang X, Zhu M, Zhang Z, Jing L, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang W. Tree diversity, growth status, and spatial distribution affected soil N availability and N 2O efflux: Interaction with soil physiochemical properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118375. [PMID: 37356331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for tree growth, and excessive N is a source of pollution. This paper aims to define the effects of plant diversity and forest structure on various aspects of soil N cycling. Herein, we collected soils from 720 plots to measure total N content (TN), alkali-hydrolyzed N (AN), nitrate N (NO3--N), ammonium N (NH4+-N) in a 7.2 ha experimental forest in northeast China. Four plant diversity indices, seven structural metrics, four soil properties, and in situ N2O efflux were also measured. We found that: 1) high tree diversity had 1.3-1.4-fold NO3--N, 1.1-fold NH4+-N, and 1.5-1.8-fold N2O efflux (p < 0.05). 2) Tree growth decreased soil TN, AN, and NO3--N by more than 13%, and tree mixing and un-uniform distribution increased TN, AN, and NH4+-N by 11-22%. 3) Soil organic carbon (SOC) explained 34.3% of the N variations, followed by soil water content (1.5%), tree diameter (1.5%) and pH (1%), and soil bulk density (0.5%). SOC had the most robust linear relations to TN (R2 = 0.59) and AN (R2 = 0.5). 4) The partial least squares path model revealed that the tree diversity directly increased NO3--N, NH4+-N, and N2O efflux, and they were strengthened indirectly from soil properties by 1%-4%. The effects of tree size-density (-0.24) and spatial structure (0.16) were mainly achieved via their soil interaction and thus indirectly decreased NH4+-N, AN, and TN. Overall, high tree diversity forests improved soil N availability and N2O efflux, and un-uniform spatial tree assemblages could partially balance the soil N consumed by tree growth. Our data support soil N management in high northern hemisphere temperate forests from tree diversity and forest structural regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Meina Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lixin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, CAS, Changchun, 130102, China.
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13
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de Souza TAF, da Silva LJR, Laurindo LK, Nascimento GDS, Campos MCC. Impact of ecological stages on the soil microbiota and soil abiotic factors in tropical and subtropical Brazilian regions. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:335. [PMID: 37735302 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to test if ecological stages may influence the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nematodes, and the soil chemical properties in agroforestry systems (AF), unassisted forest restoration (UFR), and natural ecosystem (Ne) located in the Brazilian Tropical and Subtropical regions. We collected soil samples to determine AMF, nematodes, soil pH, P, and soil organic carbon (SOC). AMF and nematode richness in the AF and Ne were similar in the tropical region. The redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the abundance of AMF and soil nematodes was mainly affected by soil pH, P, and SOC. Differences were associated with (1) ecological stages, as we found differences in AMF and nematode abundance as affected by habitat simplification, and (2) changes in soil pH, SOC, and P. Our work increases the understanding of the AMF and soil nematode community in the rhizosphere of AF and Ne in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tancredo Augusto Feitosa de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Soil Science, Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba, 58397-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Jónatan Rodrigues da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Agrarian and Natural Ecosystems, Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Lídia Klestadt Laurindo
- Postgraduate Program in Agrarian and Natural Ecosystems, Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, 89520-000, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Dos Santos Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Soil Science, Department of Soils and Rural Engineering, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Milton César Costa Campos
- Department of Soil and Rural Engineering, Centre of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba, 58397-000, Brazil
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14
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Tian Q, Zhang X, Yi H, Li Y, Xu X, He J, He L. Plant diversity drives soil carbon sequestration: evidence from 150 years of vegetation restoration in the temperate zone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1191704. [PMID: 37346142 PMCID: PMC10279892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1191704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale afforestation is considered a natural way to address climate challenges (e.g., the greenhouse effect). However, there is a paucity of evidence linking plant diversity to soil carbon sequestration pathways during long-term natural restoration of temperate vegetation. In particular, the carbon sequestration mechanisms and functions of woody plants require further study. Therefore, we conducted a comparative study of plant diversity and soil carbon sequestration characteristics during 150 years of natural vegetation restoration in the temperate zone to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of long-term natural vegetation restoration processes on soil organic carbon stocks. The results suggested positive effects of woody plant diversity on carbon sequestration. In addition, fine root biomass and deadfall accumulation were significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon stocks, and carbon was stored in large grain size aggregates (1-5 mm). Meanwhile, the diversity of Fabaceae and Rosaceae was observed to be important for soil organic carbon accumulation, and the carbon sequestration function of shrubs should not be neglected during vegetation restoration. Finally, we identified three plants that showed high potential for carbon sequestration: Lespedeza bicolor, Sophora davidii, and Cotoneaster multiflorus, which should be considered for inclusion in the construction of local artificial vegetation. Among them, L. bicolor is probably the best choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Tian
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&E University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijie Yi
- The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&E University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&E University, Yangling, China
- College of Urban, Rural Planning and Architectural Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&E University, Yangling, China
| | - Liang He
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&E University, Yangling, China
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15
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Tree diversity enhances soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in natural forests. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-01321-5. [PMID: 37101064 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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16
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Chen X, Taylor AR, Reich PB, Hisano M, Chen HYH, Chang SX. Tree diversity increases decadal forest soil carbon and nitrogen accrual. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-05941-9. [PMID: 37100916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil carbon and nitrogen storage can help mitigate climate change and sustain soil fertility1,2. A large number of biodiversity-manipulation experiments collectively suggest that high plant diversity increases soil carbon and nitrogen stocks3,4. It remains debated, however, whether such conclusions hold in natural ecosystems5-12. Here we analyse Canada's National Forest Inventory (NFI) database with the help of structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the relationship between tree diversity and soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in natural forests. We find that greater tree diversity is associated with higher soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation, validating inferences from biodiversity-manipulation experiments. Specifically, on a decadal scale, increasing species evenness from its minimum to maximum value increases soil carbon and nitrogen in the organic horizon by 30% and 42%, whereas increasing functional diversity enhances soil carbon and nitrogen in the mineral horizon by 32% and 50%, respectively. Our results highlight that conserving and promoting functionally diverse forests could promote soil carbon and nitrogen storage, enhancing both carbon sink capacity and soil nitrogen fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony R Taylor
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Masumi Hisano
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Shu X, Hu Y, Liu W, Xia L, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Liu W, Zhang Y. Linking between soil properties, bacterial communities, enzyme activities, and soil organic carbon mineralization under ecological restoration in an alpine degraded grassland. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131836. [PMID: 37180269 PMCID: PMC10167489 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is affected by ecological restoration and plays an important role in the soil C cycle. However, the mechanism of ecological restoration on SOC mineralization remains unclear. Here, we collected soils from the degraded grassland that have undergone 14 years of ecological restoration by planting shrubs with Salix cupularis alone (SA) and, planting shrubs with Salix cupularis plus planting mixed grasses (SG), with the extremely degraded grassland underwent natural restoration as control (CK). We aimed to investigate the effect of ecological restoration on SOC mineralization at different soil depths, and to address the relative importance of biotic and abiotic drivers of SOC mineralization. Our results documented the statistically significant impacts of restoration mode and its interaction with soil depth on SOC mineralization. Compared with CK, the SA and SG increased the cumulative SOC mineralization but decreased C mineralization efficiency at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil depths. Random Forest analyses showed that soil depth, microbial biomass C (MBC), hot-water extractable organic C (HWEOC), and bacterial community composition were important indicators that predicted SOC mineralization. Structural equal modeling indicated that MBC, SOC, and C-cycling enzymes had positive effects on SOC mineralization. Bacterial community composition regulated SOC mineralization via controlling microbial biomass production and C-cycling enzyme activities. Overall, our study provides insights into soil biotic and abiotic factors in association with SOC mineralization, and contributes to understanding the effect and mechanism of ecological restoration on SOC mineralization in a degraded grassland in an alpine region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Shu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufu Hu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Longlong Xia
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanling Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Williams RA, Chen Y, Peng R, Liu X, Qi Y, Wang Z. Responses of soil respiration and its sensitivities to temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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19
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Plant litter strengthens positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships over time. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:473-484. [PMID: 36599737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant biodiversity-productivity relationships become stronger over time in grasslands, forests, and agroecosystems. Plant shoot and root litter is important in mediating these positive relationships, yet the functional role of plant litter remains overlooked in long-term experiments. We propose that plant litter strengthens biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships over time in four ways by providing decomposing detritus that releases nitrogen (N) over time for uptake by existing and succeeding plants, enhancing overall soil fertility, changing soil community composition, and reducing the impact of residue-borne pathogens and pests. We bring new insights into how diversity-productivity relationships may change over time and suggest that the diversification of crop residue retention through increased residue diversity from plant mixtures will improve the sustainability of food production systems.
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20
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Yang Y, Chen X, Liu L, Li T, Dou Y, Qiao J, Wang Y, An S, Chang SX. Nitrogen fertilization weakens the linkage between soil carbon and microbial diversity: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6446-6461. [PMID: 35971768 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes make up a significant portion of the genetic diversity and play a critical role in belowground carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil microbial diversity and organic C are often tightly coupled in C cycling processes; however, this coupling can be weakened or broken by rapid global change. A global meta-analysis was performed with 1148 paired comparisons extracted from 229 articles published between January 1998 and December 2021 to determine how nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the relationship between soil C content and microbial diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that N fertilization decreased soil bacterial (-11%) and fungal diversity (-17%), but increased soil organic C (SOC) (+19%), microbial biomass C (MBC) (+17%), and dissolved organic C (DOC) (+25%) across different ecosystems. Organic N (urea) fertilization had a greater effect on SOC, MBC, DOC, and bacterial and fungal diversity than inorganic N fertilization. Most importantly, soil microbial diversity decreased with increasing SOC, MBC, and DOC, and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients decreased with increasing N fertilization rate and duration, suggesting that N fertilization weakened the linkage between soil C and microbial diversity. The weakened linkage might negatively impact essential ecosystem services under high rates of N fertilization; this understanding is important for mitigating the negative impact of global N enrichment on soil C cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liangxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangzhou Academy of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiangbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, China
- National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Zhao X, Tian Q, Huang L, Lin Q, Wu J, Liu F. Fine-root functional trait response to nitrogen deposition across forest ecosystems: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:157111. [PMID: 35787896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has complex effects on vegetation dynamics and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how N deposition alters fine root traits remains unclear in forest ecosystems. Here, we carried out a synthesis based on 890 paired observations of 14 fine root traits from 79 articles to assess the effects of N deposition on fine root traits. The results showed that N deposition mainly affected root nutrient content and stoichiometry. Specifically, N deposition increased the root N content, root carbon: phosphorus (C:P) and root nitrogen: phosphorus (N:P) ratio, but decreased the root P content and root C:N ratio. Moreover, N deposition increased fine root respiration, but had no significant effect on other root morphological and physiological traits. N deposition effects on fine root biomass, root tissue density and fungal colonization decreased with N deposition duration. Compared to fine root P content, N deposition effects on fine root C content and C:P ratio increased with N deposition level. Moreover, the interaction between N deposition level and duration significantly affected fine root biomass. N deposition effects on fine-root biomass decreased with greater N deposition duration, especially in high N deposition experiments. Moreover, the effect of N deposition on root diameter decreased with mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. N form, forest type and soil depth significantly affect the effect of N deposition on fine root C:P. Therefore, the effects of N deposition on fine root traits were not only determined by N deposition level, duration and their interactions, but also regulated by abiotic factors. These findings highlight the diverse responses of fine root traits to N deposition have strong implications for forest ecosystems soil carbon stocks in a world of increasing N deposition associated with decreased root-derived carbon inputs and increases in fine-root respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiuxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaoling Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Wan X, Holyoak M, Yan C, Le Maho Y, Dirzo R, Krebs CJ, Stenseth NC, Zhang Z. Broad-scale climate variation drives the dynamics of animal populations: a global multi-taxa analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:2174-2194. [PMID: 35942895 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate is a major extrinsic factor affecting the population dynamics of many organisms. The Broad-Scale Climate Hypothesis (BSCH) was proposed by Elton to explain the large-scale synchronous population cycles of animals, but the extent of support and whether it differs among taxa and geographical regions is unclear. We reviewed publications examining the relationship between the population dynamics of multiple taxa worldwide and the two most commonly used broad-scale climate indices, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Our review and synthesis (based on 561 species from 221 papers) reveals that population changes of mammals, birds and insects are strongly affected by major oceanic shifts or irregular oceanic changes, particularly in ENSO- and NAO-influenced regions (Pacific and Atlantic, respectively), providing clear evidence supporting Elton's BSCH. Mammal and insect populations tended to increase during positive ENSO phases. Bird populations tended to increase in positive NAO phases. Some species showed dual associations with both positive and negative phases of the same climate index (ENSO or NAO). These findings indicate that some taxa or regions are more or less vulnerable to climate fluctuations and that some geographical areas show multiple weather effects related to ENSO or NAO phases. Beyond confirming that animal populations are influenced by broad-scale climate variation, we document extensive patterns of variation among taxa and observe that the direct biotic and abiotic mechanisms for these broad-scale climate factors affecting animal populations are very poorly understood. A practical implication of our research is that changes in ENSO or NAO can be used as early signals for pest management and wildlife conservation. We advocate integrative studies at both broad and local scales to unravel the omnipresent effects of climate on animal populations to help address the challenge of conserving biodiversity in this era of accelerated climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, California, Davis, 95616, USA
| | - Chuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, 98000, Monaco
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nils Chr Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, N-0316, Norway
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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23
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Abalos D, Recous S, Butterbach-Bahl K, De Notaris C, Rittl TF, Topp CFE, Petersen SO, Hansen S, Bleken MA, Rees RM, Olesen JE. A review and meta-analysis of mitigation measures for nitrous oxide emissions from crop residues. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154388. [PMID: 35276154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues are of crucial importance to maintain or even increase soil carbon stocks and fertility, and thereby to address the global challenge of climate change mitigation. However, crop residues can also potentially stimulate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from soils. A better understanding of how to mitigate N2O emissions due to crop residue management while promoting positive effects on soil carbon is needed to reconcile the opposing effects of crop residues on the greenhouse gas balance of agroecosystems. Here, we combine a literature review and a meta-analysis to identify and assess measures for mitigating N2O emissions due to crop residue application to agricultural fields. Our study shows that crop residue removal, shallow incorporation, incorporation of residues with C:N ratio > 30 and avoiding incorporation of residues from crops terminated at an immature physiological stage, are measures leading to significantly lower N2O emissions. Other practices such as incorporation timing and interactions with fertilisers are less conclusive. Several of the evaluated N2O mitigation measures implied negative side-effects on yield, soil organic carbon storage, nitrate leaching and/or ammonia volatilization. We identified additional strategies with potential to reduce crop residue N2O emissions without strong negative side-effects, which require further research. These are: a) treatment of crop residues before field application, e.g., conversion of residues into biochar or anaerobic digestate, b) co-application with nitrification inhibitors or N-immobilizing materials such as compost with a high C:N ratio, paper waste or sawdust, and c) use of residues obtained from crop mixtures. Our study provides a scientific basis to be developed over the coming years on how to increase the sustainability of agroecosystems though adequate crop residue management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Sylvie Recous
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Chiara De Notaris
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tatiana F Rittl
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Gunnars veg 6, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Cairistiona F E Topp
- Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Sissel Hansen
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Gunnars veg 6, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Marina A Bleken
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Elizabeth Stephensv. 13, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Robert M Rees
- Scotland's Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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24
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Chen X, Chen HYH, Chang SX. Meta-analysis shows that plant mixtures increase soil phosphorus availability and plant productivity in diverse ecosystems. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1112-1121. [PMID: 35760890 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) availability is critical to plant productivity in many terrestrial ecosystems. How soil P availability responds to changes in plant diversity remains uncertain, despite the global crisis of rapid biodiversity loss. Our meta-analysis based on 180 studies across various ecosystems (croplands, grasslands, forests and pot experiments) shows that, on average, soil total P, phosphatase activity and available P are 6.8%, 8.5% and 4.6%, respectively, higher in species mixtures than in monocultures. The mixture effect on phosphatase activity becomes more positive with increasing species and functional group richness, with more pronounced increases in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. The mixture effects on soil-available P in the bulk soil do not change, but with increasing species or functional group richness these effects in the rhizosphere soil shift from positive to negative. Nonetheless, enhanced soil phosphatase activity stimulated available P in diverse species mixtures, offsetting increased plant uptake effects that decrease soil-available P. Moreover, the enhancement effects of species richness on soil phosphatase activity are positively associated with increased plant productivity. Our findings highlight that preserving plant diversity could increase soil phosphatase activity and P availability, which sustain the current and future productivity of terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Huang Y, Sun W, Qin Z, Zhang W, Yu Y, Li T, Zhang Q, Wang G, Yu L, Wang Y, Ding F, Zhang P. The role of China's terrestrial carbon sequestration 2010–2060 in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac057. [PMID: 35992243 PMCID: PMC9385465 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy consumption dominates annual CO2 emissions in China. It is essential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from energy consumption to reach national carbon neutrality by 2060, while the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions cannot be underestimated. Natural climate solutions (NCS), including improvements in terrestrial carbon sequestration, represent readily deployable options to offset anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. However, the extent to which China's terrestrial carbon sequestration in the future, especially when target-oriented managements (TOMs) are implemented, can help to mitigate energy-related CO2 emissions is far from certain. By synthesizing available findings and using several parameter-sparse empirical models that have been calibrated and/or fitted against contemporary measurements, we assessed China's terrestrial carbon sequestration over 2010–2060 and its contribution to offsetting national energy-related CO2 emissions. We show that terrestrial C sequestration in China will increase from 0.375 ± 0.056 (mean ± standard deviation) Pg C yr−1 in the 2010s to 0.458 ± 0.100 Pg C yr−1 under RCP2.6 and 0.493 ± 0.108 Pg C yr−1 under the RCP4.5 scenario in the 2050s, when TOMs are implemented. The majority of carbon sequestration comes from forest, accounting for 67.8–71.4% of the total amount. China's terrestrial ecosystems can offset 12.2–15.0% and 13.4–17.8% of energy-related peak CO2 emissions in 2030 and 2060, respectively. The implementation of TOMs contributes 11.9% of the overall terrestrial carbon sequestration in the 2020s and 23.7% in the 2050s. The most likely strategy to maximize future NCS effectiveness is a full implementation of all applicable cost-effective NCS pathways in China. Our findings highlight the role of terrestrial carbon sequestration in offsetting energy-related CO2 emissions and put forward future needs in the context of carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Zhangcai Qin
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510275, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100029, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Fan Ding
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang110866, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun130021, China
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26
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Stefanowicz AM, Kapusta P, Stanek M, Rola K, Zubek S. Herbaceous plant species support soil microbial performance in deciduous temperate forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151313. [PMID: 34756898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although herbaceous plant layer may contribute significantly to plant diversity and nutrient turnover, its effects on the soil environment in forest ecosystems remain largely unexplored. In this study, we compared the effects of mono-dominant and multi-species assemblages of herb plants on soil physicochemical and microbial properties in two temperate deciduous (beech and riparian) forests. We hypothesized that the presence of herbaceous plants would increase microbial activity and biomass, and nutrient availability in soil when compared to bare soil. This increase would be the highest in multi-species assemblages as high plant diversity supports microbial performance and soil processes, and the expected patterns would be essentially similar in both forests. Allium ursinum L. and Dentaria enneaphyllos L. represented herb species forming mono-dominant patches in beech forest, while Aegopodium podagraria L. and Ficaria verna Huds. represented herb species forming mono-dominant patches in riparian forest. Our hypotheses were only partly supported by the data. We found that herb plant species affected soil microbial communities and processes, particularly in the riparian forest, but they generally did not influence soil physicochemical properties. In the beech forest, herbaceous plants increased saprotrophic fungi biomass, fungi/bacteria ratio, and arylsulfatase activity, with the highest values under D. enneaphyllos. In the riparian forest, a number of microbial parameters, namely bacteria, G+ bacteria, and saprotrophic fungi biomass, fungi/bacteria ratio, and soil respiration exhibited the lowest values in bare soil and the highest values in soil under A. podagraria. Contrary to expectations, soils under multi-species assemblages were characterized by intermediate values of microbial parameters. Concluding, herbaceous plant species largely supported soil microbial communities in deciduous temperate forests but did not affect soil chemical properties. The potential reasons for the positive influence of herb plants on soil microbes (litterfall, rhizodeposition) require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Stefanowicz
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kapusta
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kaja Rola
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Szymon Zubek
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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27
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Chien SC, Krumins JA. Natural versus urban global soil organic carbon stocks: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150999. [PMID: 34656570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, the human existence in urban environments is growing. In addition, anthropogenic activity has altered the global carbon (C) cycle and triggered climate change. Soil is the largest pool of organic C in terrestrial ecosystems, but its ability to retain and store C varies. As humans move forward to mitigate climate change, there is a growing need to understand the C storing capacity of soils and their interactions with factors like climate, vegetation or a footprint of human activity. Here, we constructed a meta-analysis which focused on 30 cm soil depth by collecting data from over 191 studies measuring soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks across natural, urban green space, and urban intensive habitats. We then compared the SOC data between different climatic zones, vegetation types, and anthropogenic influences with the human footprint index. The results indicate that SOC stocks in natural habitats (98.22 ± 49.10 Mg ha-1) are significantly higher than those of urban green spaces (54.61 ± 22.02 Mg ha-1) and urban intensive habitats (65.88 ± 35.27 Mg ha-1). We find a significant and negative relationship between the human footprint and SOC stocks of natural habitats but not between the human footprint and either of the urban habitats. Urban intensive and urban green space habitat soils store less C than natural ones. However, when compared across climatic zones or vegetation types, the capacity of natural soils to store C is variable and vulnerable to human activity. Carbon storage in urban soils is likely limited by persistent and stable anthropogenic influences keeping variability low. This is most pronounced in urban green spaces where human management is high (i.e. a golf course) and SOC is low. A comprehensive understanding of C storage in soils is essential to land management and climate mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chieh Chien
- Doctoral Program in Environmental Science and Management, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
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28
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Shao X, Liu N. Soil nitrogen and climate drive the positive effect of biological soil crusts on soil organic carbon sequestration in drylands: A Meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150030. [PMID: 34525688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs), known as ecological engineers, play an important role in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in dryland ecosystems. Although numerous individual studies had been conducted, the global patterns of the changes in SOC concentration following BSCs establishment remain unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of 184 independent observations at 47 sites to quantify the responses of SOC and other soil variables to BSCs establishment and identify the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that BSCs generally increased SOC by 70.9% compared to the controls (uncrusted soil), and the positive effects of BSCs on SOC in deserts (120.3%) were stronger than those in grasslands (32.7%). Mosses and lichens had a stronger positive effect on SOC than algae crusts (67.5%, 82.8%, and 58.2% respectively). Mixed crusts accumulated more SOC (181.6%) than single (moss, lichen and algae) crusts. The presence of BSCs considerably increased total nitrogen (TN) (+80.7%), total phosphorus (TP) (+20.3%), available N (+62.7%), and available P (+14.3%). Significant relationships were observed among the effect size of SOC and climate and soil N and P in both desert and grassland. The random forest analysis showed that TN could be considered as a determinant of the concentration of SOC, followed by climate (P < 0.01). Our study shows that the capacity of the BSCs to fix and store C could be regulated by soil N and P dynamics, indicating a major finding opening new ways to promote soil recovery and formation. Our findings highlight the remarkable contribution of mixed crusts to soil C pools; this contribution needs to be incorporated into regional and global models to predict the effects of human disturbance on drylands worldwide and for assessing the soil C budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengkang Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Rational Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinqing Shao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Rational Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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29
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Martin‐Guay M, Belluau M, Côté B, Handa IT, Jewell MD, Khlifa R, Munson AD, Rivest M, Whalen JK, Rivest D. Tree identity and diversity directly affect soil moisture and temperature but not soil carbon ten years after planting. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8509. [PMID: 35136558 PMCID: PMC8809433 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil C is the largest C pool in forest ecosystems that contributes to C sequestration and mitigates climate change. Tree diversity enhances forest productivity, so diversifying the tree species composition, notably in managed forests, could increase the quantity of organic matter being transferred to soils and alter other soil properties relevant to the C cycle.A ten-year-old tree diversity experiment was used to study the effects of tree identity and diversity (functional and taxonomic) on soils. Surface (0-10 cm) mineral soil was repeatedly measured for soil C concentration, C:N ratio, pH, moisture, and temperature in twenty-four tree species mixtures and twelve corresponding monocultures (replicated in four blocks).Soil pH, moisture, and temperature responded to tree diversity and identity. Greater productivity in above- and below-ground tree components did not increase soil C concentration. Soil pH increased and soil moisture decreased with functional diversity, more specifically, when species had different growth strategies and shade tolerances. Functional identity affected soil moisture and temperature, such that tree communities with more slow-growing and shade-tolerant species had greater soil moisture and temperature. Higher temperature was measured in communities with broadleaf-deciduous species compared to communities with coniferous-evergreen species.We conclude that long-term soil C cycling in forest plantations will likely respond to changes in soil pH, moisture, and temperature that is mediated by tree species composition, since tree species affect these soil properties through their litter quality, water uptake, and physical control of soil microclimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐Olivier Martin‐Guay
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT)Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)RiponQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Belluau
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM)MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Benoit Côté
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences (NRS)McGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Ira Tanya Handa
- Département des Sciences BiologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM)MontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Mark D. Jewell
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Rim Khlifa
- Département Science et TechnologieUniversité TÉLUQMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Alison D. Munson
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la ForêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuebecCanada
| | - Maxime Rivest
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Joann K. Whalen
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences (NRS)McGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - David Rivest
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT)Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)RiponQuebecCanada
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30
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Paudel S, Cobb AB, Boughton EH, Spiegal S, Boughton RK, Silveira ML, Swain HM, Reuter R, Goodman LE, Steiner JL. A framework for sustainable management of ecosystem services and disservices in perennial grassland agroecosystems. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Paudel
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
- Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Adam B. Cobb
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | | | - Sheri Spiegal
- US Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service (USDA‐ARS) Jornada Experimental Range Las Cruces New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Raoul K. Boughton
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center University of Florida 3401 Experiment Station Ona Florida 33865 USA
| | - Maria L. Silveira
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center University of Florida 3401 Experiment Station Ona Florida 33865 USA
| | | | - Ryan Reuter
- Department of Animal Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | - Laura E. Goodman
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | - Jean L. Steiner
- Grazinglands Research Laboratory USDA‐ARS El Reno Oklahoma 73036 USA
- Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66502 USA
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31
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Jiang M, Yang X, Wang T, Xu Y, Dong K, He L, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao N, Gao Y. A direct comparison of the effects and mechanisms between species richness and genotype richness in a dominant species on multiple ecosystem functions. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14125-14134. [PMID: 34707845 PMCID: PMC8525171 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both species (interspecific) richness and genotype (intraspecific) richness of dominant species have significant effects on ecosystem functioning directly or indirectly by regulating plant community functional structure. However, the similarities and differences of the effects between inter- and intraspecific levels are poorly understood. In this study, we selected the main species in the semi-arid Eurasian typical steppe as study objects and simultaneously carried out a species richness experiment and a genotype richness experiment of Stipa grandis which is one of the dominant species in this region. We investigated how plants at each of the two richness levels affected multiple ecosystem functions (biomass, soil C, N and P cycles) directly and indirectly by regulating community functional structure, including community-weighted mean trait values (CWM) and functional dispersion (FDis). Both species richness and genotype richness showed significant direct effects on soil P cycle, and FDis significantly mediated the responses of aboveground biomass and soil N cycle to the changes of species richness and the response of belowground biomass to the changes of genotype richness in S. grandis. CWM showed significant effects on biomass in the species richness experiment and soil nutrient cycles in the genotype richness experiment, independently of the levels of plant richness. These findings provide experimental insights of intraspecific richness effects into the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and highlight the importance of conserving the intraspecific diversity of dominant species in the semi-arid steppe regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yujuan Xu
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Luoyang He
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jinlong Wang
- College of Agronomy & Resources and EnvironmentTianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Nianxi Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yubao Gao
- Department of Plant Biology and EcologyCollege of Life ScienceNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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32
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Beillouin D, Ben-Ari T, Malézieux E, Seufert V, Makowski D. Positive but variable effects of crop diversification on biodiversity and ecosystem services. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4697-4710. [PMID: 34114719 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological theory suggests that biodiversity has a positive and stabilizing effect on the delivery of ecosystem services. Yet, the impacts of increasing the diversity of cultivated crop species or varieties in agroecosystems are still under scrutiny. The available empirical evidence is scattered in scope, agronomic and geographic contexts, and impacts on ecosystem services may depend on the type of diversification strategy used. To robustly assess the effects of crop diversification in agroecosystems, we compiled the results of 95 meta-analyses integrating 5156 experiments conducted over 84 experimental years and representing more than 54,500 paired observations on 120 crop species in 85 countries. Overall, our synthesis of experimental data from across the globe shows that crop diversification enhances not only crop production (median effect +14%) but also the associated biodiversity (+24%, i.e., the biodiversity of non-cultivated plants and animals), and several supporting and regulating ecosystem services including water quality (+51%), pest and disease control (+63%) and soil quality (+11%). However, there was substantial variability in the results for each individual ecosystem service between different diversification strategies such as agroforestry, intercropping, cover crops, crop rotation or variety mixtures. Agroforestry is particularly effective in delivering multiple ecosystem services, that is, water regulation and quality, pest and diseases regulation, associated biodiversity, long-term soil productivity and quality. Variety mixtures, instead, provide the lowest benefits, whereas the other strategies show intermediate results. Our results highlight that while increasing the diversity of cultivated crop species or varieties in agroecosystems represents a very promising strategy for more sustainable land management, contributing to enhanced yields, enhanced biodiversity and ecosystem services, some crop diversification strategies are more effective than others in supporting key ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Beillouin
- CIRAD, UPR HORTSYS, Montpellier, France
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamara Ben-Ari
- UMR 211, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eric Malézieux
- CIRAD, UPR HORTSYS, Montpellier, France
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Verena Seufert
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Makowski
- UMR MIA 518, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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33
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Wang C, Sun Y, Chen HYH, Yang J, Ruan H. Meta-analysis shows non-uniform responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146901. [PMID: 33848873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial productivity underpins ecosystem carbon (C) cycling and multi-trophic diversity. Despite the negative impacts of drought on terrestrial C cycling, our understanding of the responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought remains incomplete. Here, we synthesized the responses of terrestrial productivity and soil factors (e.g., soil moisture, soil pH, soil C, soil nitrogen (N), soil C:N, fungi:bacteria ratio, and microbial biomass C) to drought via a global meta-analysis of 734 observations from 107 studies. Our results revealed that the productivity variables above- and belowground (i.e., net primary productivity, aboveground net primary productivity, belowground net primary productivity, total biomass, aboveground biomass, root biomass, gross ecosystem productivity, and net ecosystem productivity) were decreased across all ecosystems. However, drought did not significantly affect litter mass across all ecosystems, and the responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought were non-uniform. Furthermore, the responses of these productivity variables to drought were more pronounced with drought intensity and duration, and consistent across ecosystem types and background climates. Drought significantly decreased soil moisture, soil C concentrations, soil C:N ratios, and microbial biomass C, whereas it enhanced soil pH values and fungi:bacteria ratios. Moreover, the negative effects of drought on above- and belowground productivity variables were correlated mostly with the response of soil pH to drought among all soil factors. Our study indicated that litter biomass, which mostly represents productivity levels via traditional ecosystem models, was not able to predict the responses of terrestrial ecosystem productivity to drought. The strong relationship between the responses of soil pH and terrestrial productivity to drought suggests that the incorporation of soil pH into Earth system models might facilitate the prediction of terrestrial C cycling and its feedbacks to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Wang
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, China
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resource Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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Noulèkoun F, Birhane E, Kassa H, Berhe A, Gebremichael ZM, Adem NM, Syoum Y, Mengistu T, Lemma B, Hagazi N, Abrha H, Rannestad MM, Mensah S. Grazing exclosures increase soil organic carbon stock at a rate greater than "4 per 1000" per year across agricultural landscapes in Northern Ethiopia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146821. [PMID: 33839676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of grazing exclosures is widely practiced to restore degraded agricultural lands and forests. Here, we evaluated the potential of grazing exclosures to contribute to the "4 per 1000" initiative by analyzing the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and sequestration (SCS) rates after their establishment on degraded communal grazing lands in Tigray region of Ethiopia. We selected grazing areas that were excluded from grazing for 5 to 24 years across the three agroecological zones of the region and used adjacent open grazing lands (OGLs) as control. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and SOC and aboveground C stocks were quantified in both exclosures and OGLs. The mean SOC stock and SCS rate in exclosures (0-30 cm) were 31 Mg C ha-1 and 3 Mg C ha-1 year-1, which were respectively 166% and 12% higher than that in the OGLs, indicating a positive restoration effect of exclosures on SOC storage. With increasing exclosure age, SOC stock and SCS rate increased in the exclosures but decreased in the OGLs. Higher SOC stock and SCS rate were recorded in 0-15 cm than in 15-30 cm. The relative (i.e., to the SOC stock in OGLs) rates of increase in SOC stocks (70-189‰ year-1) were higher than the 4‰ year-1 and were initially high due to low initial SOC stock but declined over time after a maximum value of SOC stock is reached. Factors such as aboveground biomass, altitude, clay content and precipitation promoted SOC storage in exclosures. Our study highlights the high potential of exclosures for restoring SOC in the 0-30 cm soil depth at a rate greater than the 4‰ value. We argue that practices such as grazing exclosure can be promoted to achieve the climate change mitigation target of the "4‰" initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Noulèkoun
- Agroforestry Systems and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Emiru Birhane
- Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Habtemariam Kassa
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
| | - Alemayehu Berhe
- Wukro College of Agricultural Polytechnic, Tigray, P.O. Box 39, Wukro, Ethiopia
| | | | - Nuru Mohammed Adem
- Afar Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Research Institute, P.O. Box 16, Semera, Ethiopia
| | - Yigremachew Syoum
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, P. O. Box 12760, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Mengistu
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, P. O. Box 12760, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bekele Lemma
- Hawassa University, Department of Chemistry, Ethiopia
| | - Nigussie Hagazi
- World Agroforestry Center, P. O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haftu Abrha
- Institute of Climate and Society, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; African Center of Excellence in Climate Change, Biodiversity & Sustainable Agriculture (CEA-CCBAD), University Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Meley Mekonen Rannestad
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Postboks 5003, INA, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Sylvanus Mensah
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Benin
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35
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Chen X, Chen HYH. Plant mixture balances terrestrial ecosystem C:N:P stoichiometry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4562. [PMID: 34315908 PMCID: PMC8316448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant and soil C:N:P ratios are of critical importance to productivity, food-web dynamics, and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Plant diversity continues to decline globally; however, its influence on terrestrial C:N:P ratios remains uncertain. By conducting a global meta-analysis of 2049 paired observations in plant species mixtures and monocultures from 169 sites, we show that, on average across all observations, the C:N:P ratios of plants, soils, soil microbial biomass and enzymes did not respond to species mixture nor to the species richness in mixtures. However, the mixture effect on soil microbial biomass C:N changed from positive to negative, and those on soil enzyme C:N and C:P shifted from negative to positive with increasing functional diversity in mixtures. Importantly, species mixture increased the C:N, C:P, N:P ratios of plants and soils when background soil C:N, C:P, and N:P were low, but decreased them when the respective background ratios were high. Our results demonstrate that plant mixtures can balance terrestrial plant and soil C:N:P ratios dependent on background soil C:N:P. Our findings highlight that plant diversity conservation does not only increase plant productivity, but also optimizes ecosystem stoichiometry for the diversity and productivity of today's and future vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
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36
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Wang J, Defrenne C, McCormack ML, Yang L, Tian D, Luo Y, Hou E, Yan T, Li Z, Bu W, Chen Y, Niu S. Fine-root functional trait responses to experimental warming: a global meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1856-1867. [PMID: 33586131 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Whether and how warming alters functional traits of absorptive plant roots remains to be answered across the globe. Tackling this question is crucial to better understanding terrestrial responses to climate change as fine-root traits drive many ecosystem processes. We carried out a detailed synthesis of fine-root trait responses to experimental warming by performing a meta-analysis of 964 paired observations from 177 publications. Warming increased fine-root biomass, production, respiration and nitrogen concentration as well as decreased root carbon : nitrogen ratio and nonstructural carbohydrates. Warming effects on fine-root biomass decreased with greater warming magnitude, especially in short-term experiments. Furthermore, the positive effect of warming on fine-root biomass was strongest in deeper soil horizons and in colder and drier regions. Total fine-root length, morphology, mortality, life span and turnover were unresponsive to warming. Our results highlight the significant changes in fine-root traits in response to warming as well as the importance of warming magnitude and duration in understanding fine-root responses. These changes have strong implications for global soil carbon stocks in a warmer world associated with increased root-derived carbon inputs into deeper soil horizons and increases in fine-root respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Sciences and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Camille Defrenne
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - M Luke McCormack
- Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Rt. 53, Lisle, IL, 60532, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Sciences and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Enqing Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Sciences and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Tao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaolei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Wensheng Bu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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37
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Xu S, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Zhang J, Zhou G, Lu X, Liu C, Zhang D. Species richness promotes ecosystem carbon storage: evidence from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202063. [PMID: 33234078 PMCID: PMC7739490 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diversity has a strong impact on a plethora of ecosystem functions and services, especially ecosystem carbon (C) storage. However, the potential context-dependency of biodiversity effects across ecosystem types, environmental conditions and carbon pools remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis by collecting data from 95 biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) studies across 60 sites to explore the effects of plant diversity on different C pools, including aboveground and belowground plant biomass, soil microbial biomass C and soil C content across different ecosystem types. The results showed that ecosystem C storage was significantly enhanced by plant diversity, with stronger effects on aboveground biomass than on soil C content. Moreover, the response magnitudes of ecosystem C storage increased with the level of species richness and experimental duration across all ecosystems. The effects of plant diversity were more pronounced in grasslands than in forests. Furthermore, the effects of plant diversity on belowground plant biomass increased with aridity index in grasslands and forests, suggesting that climate change might modulate biodiversity effects, which are stronger under wetter conditions but weaker under more arid conditions. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the important role of plant diversity in ecosystem C storage across critical C pools, ecosystem types and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Flora Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyi Zhou
- Institute of Ecology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, People's Republic of China
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