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Souza-Alves JP, Hilário RR, Fontes IP, Thomas WW, de Vasconcellos Barbosa MR. Direct links between resource availability and activity budget better reveal ecological patterns of endangered Coimbra-Filho's titi monkey. Primates 2024; 65:49-59. [PMID: 37805969 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Many primatological studies do not assess direct indexes of food availability to make inferences about behavioral strategies. We related the diet and behavior of a group of Callicebus coimbrai in northeastern Brazil to fruit availability indexes and compared this pattern between seasons (direct and indirect assessment of food availability) to assess whether direct and indirect approaches detect similar ecological patterns. We monitored the study group for 33 months (5 days/month) via scan sampling. The monthly availability of fruits and new leaves was recorded in phenological transects. Fruit availability varied across years based on fruit prevalence, and timing and duration of the abundant seasons. We did not find evidence of a time-minimizing strategy, since C. coimbrai did not change its activity levels according to food availability. However, the negative relationship between foraging and fruit availability indicates that C. coimbrai can compensate for the lower fruit availability by increasing the search for alternative food sources. Monthly fruit consumption was positively correlated to fruit availability and negatively related to the consumption of other food items. However, the behavioral and feeding profiles did not vary between seasons and were not related to rainfall levels. Primate studies should directly relate behavioral and feeding profiles to fruit availability indices, thus avoiding using seasons as proxies of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Souza-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Renato R Hilário
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Regina de Vasconcellos Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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2
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Barros AG, Costa JS, Lima MRO, Souza IP, Miranda LAP, Couto-Santos APL, Funch LS. Effects of ENSO events on the intensity, seasonality, and diversity of reproductive phenology of Miconia (Melastomataceae) species in tropical rainforest. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e277897. [PMID: 38018526 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the phenology and reproductive phenological diversity of three sympatric species of Miconia in a gallery forest in the Chapada Diamantina mountains, Bahia, Brazil. The reproductive phenophases (bud, flower, immature fruit, and mature fruit) of M. alborufescens (N=38), M. holosericea (N=46), and M. prasina (N=44) were evaluated monthly, between June/2008 and June/2015. The Fournier index was used to assess the intensities of the reproductive phenophases; synchrony and seasonality were analyzed using circular statistics and the Rayleigh (Z) test. The Frideman and Wilcoxon tests were used to verify interannual variations in phenological patterns. Reproductive phenological diversity was measured by calculating the Shannon-Wiener index; ANOVA tested possible differences in the means of diversity among the different years. The reproductive phenophases of the studied Miconia species occurred sequentially (M. alborufescens, then M. holoserica, followed by M. prasina), in the transition between the dry and rainy seasons, with little overlap between them. In general, the species showed seasonal and synchronic phenological patterns, with some variations that coincided with El Niño and/or La Niña events, e.g., demonstrating changes in the periodicity, synchrony, and intensity of their phenophases. The intensity of fruiting, for example, showed increases during La Niña years. Reproductive phenological diversity appears to respond to climate changes resulting from El Niño events and periods of prolonged drought, with high Shannon-Wiener index values. The results also suggest that the effects of global climatic phenomena (El Niño and La Niña) that alter regional climatic seasonality can also cause variations in the reproductive phenological rhythms of the Miconia species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Barros
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
| | - J S Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
| | - M R O Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
| | - I P Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
| | - L A P Miranda
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório Flora e Vegetação, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
| | - A P L Couto-Santos
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia - UESB, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Itapetinga, BA, Brasil
| | - L S Funch
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil
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Chapman CA, Gogarten JF, Golooba M, Kalbitzer U, Omeja PA, Opito EA, Sarkar D. Fifty+ years of primate research illustrates complex drivers of abundance and increasing primate numbers. Am J Primatol 2023:e23577. [PMID: 37985837 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Many primate populations are threatened by human actions and a central tool used for their protection is establishing protected areas. However, even if populations in such areas are protected from hunting and deforestation, they still may be threatened by factors such as climate change and its cascading impacts on habitat quality and disease dynamics. Here we provide a long-term and geographically wide-spread population assessment of the five common diurnal primates of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Over 7 year-long or longer census efforts that spanned 52 years, our team walked 1466 km, and recorded 480 monkey groups. Populations were generally relatively stable with a few exceptions, for which no apparent causative factors could be identified. This stability is unexpected as many ecological changes documented over the last 34+ years (e.g., decreasing food abundance and quality) were predicted to have negative impacts. Populations of some species declined at some sites but increased at others. This highlights the need for large, protected areas so that declines in particular areas are countered by gains in others. Kibale has large areas of regenerating forest and this most recent survey revealed that after 20+ years, forest regeneration in many of these areas appears sufficient to sustain sizeable primate populations, except for blue monkeys that have not colonized these areas. Indeed, the average primate abundance in the regenerating forest was only 8.1% lower than in neighboring old-growth forest. Thus, park-wide primate abundance has likely increased, despite many pressures on the park having risen; however, some areas in the park remain to be assessed. Our study suggests that the restoration, patrolling, and community outreach efforts of the Uganda Wildlife Authority and their partners have contributed significantly to protecting the park and its animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Chapman
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Wilson Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jan F Gogarten
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Golooba
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Urs Kalbitzer
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick A Omeja
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel A Opito
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Dipto Sarkar
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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4
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Vogado N, Laurance SG, Liddell MJ, Engert JE, Wurster CM, Schiffer M, Thompson A, Nichols C, Cernusak LA. Assessing the effects of a drought experiment on the reproductive phenology and ecophysiology of a wet tropical rainforest community. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad064. [PMID: 37732160 PMCID: PMC10509008 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the intensity and occurrence of drought in tropical regions, potentially affecting the phenology and physiology of tree species. Phenological activity may respond to a drying and warming environment by advancing reproductive timing and/or diminishing the production of flowers and fruits. These changes have the potential to disrupt important ecological processes, with potentially wide-ranging effects on tropical forest function. Here, we analysed the monthly flowering and fruiting phenology of a tree community (337 individuals from 30 species) over 7 years in a lowland tropical rainforest in northeastern Australia and its response to a throughfall exclusion drought experiment (TFE) that was carried out from 2016 to 2018 (3 years), excluding approximately 30% of rainfall. We further examined the ecophysiological effects of the TFE on the elemental (C:N) and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) composition of leaves, and on the stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ18O) of stem wood of four tree species. At the community level, there was no detectable effect of the TFE on flowering activity overall, but there was a significant effect recorded on fruiting and varying responses from the selected species. The reproductive phenology and physiology of the four species examined in detail were largely resistant to impacts of the TFE treatment. One canopy species in the TFE significantly increased in fruiting and flowering activity, whereas one understory species decreased significantly in both. There was a significant interaction between the TFE treatment and season on leaf C:N for two species. Stable isotope responses were also variable among species, indicating species-specific responses to the TFE. Thus, we did not observe consistent patterns in physiological and phenological changes in the tree community within the 3 years of TFE treatment examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Vogado
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Susan G Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Michael J Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Jayden E Engert
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Christopher M Wurster
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
| | - Michele Schiffer
- Daintree Research Observatory, James Cook University, Cape Tribulation, 4873, Australia
| | - Andrew Thompson
- Daintree Research Observatory, James Cook University, Cape Tribulation, 4873, Australia
| | | | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Rd Smithfield, Cairns, 4870, Australia
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Garwood NC, Metz MR, Queenborough SA, Persson V, Wright SJ, Burslem DFRP, Zambrano M, Valencia R. Seasonality of reproduction in an ever-wet lowland tropical forest in Amazonian Ecuador. Ecology 2023; 104:e4133. [PMID: 37376710 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Flowering and fruiting phenology have been infrequently studied in the ever-wet hyperdiverse lowland forests of northwestern equatorial Amazonía. These Neotropical forests are typically called aseasonal with reference to climate because they are ever-wet, and it is often assumed they are also aseasonal with respect to phenology. The physiological limits to plant reproduction imposed by water and light availability are difficult to disentangle in seasonal forests because these variables are often temporally correlated, and both are rarely studied together, challenging our understanding of their relative importance as drivers of reproduction. Here we report on the first long-term study (18 years) of flowering and fruiting phenology in a diverse equatorial forest, Yasuní in eastern Ecuador, and the first to include a full suite of on-site monthly climate data. Using twice monthly censuses of 200 traps and >1000 species, we determined whether reproduction at Yasuní is seasonal at the community and species levels and analyzed the relationships between environmental variables and phenology. We also tested the hypothesis that seasonality in phenology, if present, is driven primarily by irradiance. Both the community- and species-level measures demonstrated strong reproductive seasonality at Yasuní. Flowering peaked in September-November and fruiting peaked in March-April, with a strong annual signal for both phenophases. Irradiance and rainfall were also highly seasonal, even though no month on average experienced drought (a month with <100 mm rainfall). Flowering was positively correlated with current or near-current irradiance, supporting our hypothesis that the extra energy available during the period of peak irradiance drives the seasonality of flowering at Yasuní. As Yasuní is representative of lowland ever-wet equatorial forests of northwestern Amazonía, we expect that reproductive phenology will be strongly seasonal throughout this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C Garwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Science II, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Margaret R Metz
- Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Simon A Queenborough
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viveca Persson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Botany, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | | | - Milton Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Renato Valencia
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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6
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Mata-Guel EO, Soh MCK, Butler CW, Morris RJ, Razgour O, Peh KSH. Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1200-1224. [PMID: 36990691 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In spite of their small global area and restricted distributions, tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and important ecosystem services providers, but are also highly vulnerable to climate change. To protect and preserve these ecosystems better, it is crucial to inform the design and implementation of conservation policies with the best available scientific evidence, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. We conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of evidence quality to assess the impacts of climate change on TMFs. We identified several skews and shortcomings. Experimental study designs with controls and long-term (≥10 years) data sets provide the most reliable evidence, but were rare and gave an incomplete understanding of climate change impacts on TMFs. Most studies were based on predictive modelling approaches, short-term (<10 years) and cross-sectional study designs. Although these methods provide moderate to circumstantial evidence, they can advance our understanding on climate change effects. Current evidence suggests that increasing temperatures and rising cloud levels have caused distributional shifts (mainly upslope) of montane biota, leading to alterations in biodiversity and ecological functions. Neotropical TMFs were the best studied, thus the knowledge derived there can serve as a proxy for climate change responses in under-studied regions elsewhere. Most studies focused on vascular plants, birds, amphibians and insects, with other taxonomic groups poorly represented. Most ecological studies were conducted at species or community levels, with a marked paucity of genetic studies, limiting understanding of the adaptive capacity of TMF biota. We thus highlight the long-term need to widen the methodological, thematic and geographical scope of studies on TMFs under climate change to address these uncertainties. In the short term, however, in-depth research in well-studied regions and advances in computer modelling approaches offer the most reliable sources of information for expeditious conservation action for these threatened forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik O Mata-Guel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Malcolm C K Soh
- National Park Boards, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Connor W Butler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rebecca J Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Orly Razgour
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Kelvin S-H Peh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Rogers A, Treves A, Karamagi R, Nyakoojo M, Naughton-Treves L. Trenches reduce crop foraging by elephants: Lessons from Kibale National Park, Uganda for elephant conservation in densely settled rural landscapes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288115. [PMID: 37494325 PMCID: PMC10370685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop loss to wildlife, particularly elephants, threatens livelihoods and support for conservation around many protected areas in Africa and Asia. Low-cost elephant barriers have been successfully deployed in savannas but seldom tested around isolated forest parks where the stakes are high for local farmers and isolated elephant populations. We measured the effectiveness of a series of ≥3 m deep trenches dug by farmers neighboring Kibale National Park, Uganda. We monitored trench quality and crop loss to elephants weekly for a year across 47 transects in four park-adjacent communities, and conducted controlled, before-and-after comparisons of verified damage. Elephants damaged or destroyed >4 ha of crops during 48 independent foraging events, the majority <220m from the forest boundary. The frequency of damage varied significantly between and within communities. The majority of trenches were not breached by elephants but five suffered ≥4 breaches. Elephant-breached trenches and their neighboring trenches were lower quality than those not breached in the same week (Wilcoxon test: p<0.001). Trenches were also more likely to be breached where people had planted more crops favored by elephants (Wilcoxon test: p = 0.014). Thus, trench quality and the draw of palatable crops both appeared to influence elephant damage. Although trenches may deter elephants, challenges include heavy labor and difficulties of digging in rocky and swampy areas. Trenches alone will not prevent conflict but this strategy holds promise for hot-spots of conflict at forest edges. Given the stakes for farmers and biodiversity, we call for systematic assessment of crop losses and offer recommendations on monitoring and analysis. Such data will allow for stronger inference about effectiveness before investment of effort and resources in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Rogers
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Adrian Treves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lisa Naughton-Treves
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Ssali F, Sheil D. Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit, and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of Southwest Uganda. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Opito EA, Alanko T, Kalbitzer U, Nummelin M, Omeja P, Valtonen A, Chapman CA. 30 years brings changes to the arthropod community of Kibale National Park, Uganda. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urs Kalbitzer
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Konstanz Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Matti Nummelin
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Patrick Omeja
- Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort Portal Uganda
| | - Anu Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Biology Department Vancouver Island University Nanaimo British Columbia Canada
- Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest University Xi'an China
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Kyokuhaire AM, Chapman CA, Omeja PA, Tumusiime DM, Abwoli BY, Lawes MJ. Mitigating crop raiding by forest elephants and baboons at Kibale National Park. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort Portal Uganda
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Wilson Center Washington District of Columbia USA
- Department of Anthropology The George Washington University Washington District of Columbia USA
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Patrick A. Omeja
- School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda
- Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort Portal Uganda
| | - David Mwesigye Tumusiime
- School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda
- Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort Portal Uganda
| | - Banana Yabezi Abwoli
- School of Forestry, Environmental and Geographical Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda
| | - Michael J. Lawes
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Sarawak Malaysia
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11
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Nnamchi SN, Mundu MM. Development of solar isodose lines: Mercatorian and spatial guides for mapping solar installation areas. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11045. [PMID: 36281390 PMCID: PMC9587288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercatorian and spatial studies of solar power potential (SPP) provide technical guides for mapping actual solar installation areas for the efficient performance of photovoltaic plants. Acquisition and processing of satellite and on-station data on clearness index, relative sunshine hours, latitude, longitude and SPP preceded their modeling and simulations. The mercatorian SPP model is a geometric function of latitude and longitude, whereas the spatial SPP model is a function of x and y coordinates developed from the Haversine formula. Multiple isodose lines and a single maximum isodose line characterized the distributed and concentrated SPP contours, respectively. The present geometric SPP model validated well with the measured SPP with insignificant error results for the study areas. The Concentrated SPPs: 757.5, 635.2, 557.5 and 405.9 W/m2 with their corresponding percentage concentrated areas (actual): 28.85(29084.6), 41.48(15368.6), 4.37(1179.6) and 0.75(635.7)%(m2) for Northern Region (NR), Eastern Region (ER), Central Region (CR) and Western Region (WR), respectively. These results support the efficient performance of solar facilities within the confine of the SPP concentrated areas. The effective mercatorian coordinates were useful in identifying districts within the SPP concentrated areas. Furthermore, the high magnitude of the SPP in ER and NR supports that they are favored for the installation of solar facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ndubuisi Nnamchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SEAS, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda,Corresponding author.
| | - Mustafa Muhamad Mundu
- Department of Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer, SEAS, Kampala International University, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda
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Molleman F, Granados‐Tello J, Chapman CA, Tammaru T. Fruit‐feeding butterflies depend on adult food for reproduction: Evidence from longitudinal body mass and abundance data. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Freerk Molleman
- Department of Systematic Zoology Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | | | - Colin A. Chapman
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology The George Washington University Washington DC USA
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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13
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Hurme E, Fahr J, Eric BF, Hash CT, O’Mara MT, Richter H, Tanshi I, Webala PW, Weber N, Wikelski M, Dechmann DKN. Fruit bat migration matches green wave in seasonal landscapes. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Hurme
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Jakob Fahr
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Bakwo Fils Eric
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences University of Maroua Cameroon
| | | | - M. Teague O’Mara
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Southeastern Louisiana University Hammond LA USA
| | | | - Iroro Tanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock USA
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology University of Benin Benin City Nigeria
| | - Paul W. Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya
| | - Natalie Weber
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
| | - Dina K. N. Dechmann
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz
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14
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Ross AC, Bryer MA, Chapman CA, Rothman JM, Nevo O, Valenta K. Why eat flowers? Symphonia globulifera flowers provide a fatty resource for red-tailed monkeys. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20211003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Flowers are ubiquitous in primate environments, yet their nutritional advantages are underexamined. Symphonia globulifera is a widely distributed tree exploited by a variety of animals in Africa and the Americas. We collected S. globulifera flower samples consumed by red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) and compared them nutritionally to flower samples from other plant species in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Flowers were assayed for three fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, lignin), fat, crude protein, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), ash, and soluble sugars. We estimated available protein, total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), and metabolizable energy (ME). We calculated the mean and standard deviation for all nutrient categories and applied nutritional geometry to illustrate the balance among the energetic gains from available protein, fat, fiber, and TNC across flower species. Our results suggest that S. globulifera flowers provide an unusually high fat resource (14.82% ± 1.41%) relative to other flowers (1.38% ± 5.79%) and other foods exploited in the same habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C. Ross
- Department of Anthropology, Rock Valley College, 3301 N. Mulford Road, Rockford, IL 61114, USA
| | - Margaret A.H. Bryer
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California- Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Wilson Center, Environmental Change and Security Program, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Jessica M. Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Omer Nevo
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kim Valenta
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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15
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Sarkar D, Bortolamiol S, Gogarten JF, Hartter J, Hou R, Kagoro W, Omeja P, Tumwesigye C, Chapman CA. Exploring multiple dimensions of conservation success: Long‐term wildlife trends, anti‐poaching efforts and revenue sharing in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Sarkar
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton University Ottawa Canada
- Department of Geography University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - S. Bortolamiol
- Geo212 Paris France
- UMR 7533 Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces CNRS Aubervilliers France
| | - J. F. Gogarten
- Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch Institute Berlin Germany
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation ‐ University of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - J. Hartter
- Environmental Studies Program University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest University Xi’an China
| | - W. Kagoro
- Uganda Wildlife Authority Kampala Uganda
| | - P. Omeja
- Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort Portal Uganda
| | | | - C. A. Chapman
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest University Xi’an China
- Wilson Center Washington DC USA
- Department of Anthropology George Washington University Washington DC USA
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Pietermaritzburg South Africa
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16
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Ascoli D, Hacket-Pain A, Pearse IS, Vacchiano G, Corti S, Davini P. Modes of climate variability bridge proximate and evolutionary mechanisms of masting. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200380. [PMID: 34657463 PMCID: PMC8520781 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that variable and synchronous reproduction in seed plants (masting) correlates to modes of climate variability, e.g. El Niño Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. In this perspective, we explore the breadth of knowledge on how climate modes control reproduction in major masting species throughout Earth's biomes. We posit that intrinsic properties of climate modes (periodicity, persistence and trends) drive interannual and decadal variability of plant reproduction, as well as the spatial extent of its synchrony, aligning multiple proximate causes of masting through space and time. Moreover, climate modes force lagged but in-phase ecological processes that interact synergistically with multiple stages of plant reproductive cycles. This sets up adaptive benefits by increasing offspring fitness through either economies of scale or environmental prediction. Community-wide links between climate modes and masting across plant taxa suggest an evolutionary role of climate variability. We argue that climate modes may 'bridge' proximate and ultimate causes of masting selecting for variable and synchronous reproduction. The future of such interaction is uncertain: processes that improve reproductive fitness may remain coupled with climate modes even under changing climates, but chances are that abrupt global warming will affect Earth's climate modes so rapidly as to alter ecological and evolutionary links. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ascoli
- Department DISAFA, University of Torino (IT), Torino TO, Italy
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool (UK), UK
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Susanna Corti
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISAC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Davini
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISAC), Torino, Italy
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17
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Sandor ME, Aslan CE, Pejchar L, Bronstein JL. A Mechanistic Framework for Understanding the Effects of Climate Change on the Link Between Flowering and Fruiting Phenology. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.752110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenological shifts are a widely studied consequence of climate change. Little is known, however, about certain critical phenological events, nor about mechanistic links between shifts in different life-history stages of the same organism. Among angiosperms, flowering times have been observed to advance with climate change, but, whether fruiting times shift as a direct consequence of shifting flowering times, or respond differently or not at all to climate change, is poorly understood. Yet, shifts in fruiting could alter species interactions, including by disrupting seed dispersal mutualisms. In the absence of long-term data on fruiting phenology, but given extensive data on flowering, we argue that an understanding of whether flowering and fruiting are tightly linked or respond independently to environmental change can significantly advance our understanding of how fruiting phenologies will respond to warming climates. Through a case study of biotically and abiotically dispersed plants, we present evidence for a potential functional link between the timing of flowering and fruiting. We then propose general mechanisms for how flowering and fruiting life history stages could be functionally linked or independently driven by external factors, and we use our case study species and phenological responses to distinguish among proposed mechanisms in a real-world framework. Finally, we identify research directions that could elucidate which of these mechanisms drive the timing between subsequent life stages. Understanding how fruiting phenology is altered by climate change is essential for all plant species but is particularly critical to sustaining the large numbers of plant species that rely on animal-mediated dispersal, as well as the animals that rely on fruit for sustenance.
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18
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Robira B, Benhamou S, Masi S, Llaurens V, Riotte-Lambert L. Foraging efficiency in temporally predictable environments: is a long-term temporal memory really advantageous? ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210809. [PMID: 34567589 PMCID: PMC8456140 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive abilities enabling animals that feed on ephemeral but yearly renewable resources to infer when resources are available may have been favoured by natural selection, but the magnitude of the benefits brought by these abilities remains poorly known. Using computer simulations, we compared the efficiencies of three main types of foragers with different abilities to process temporal information, in spatially and/or temporally homogeneous or heterogeneous environments. One was endowed with a sampling memory, which stores recent experience about the availability of the different food types. The other two were endowed with a chronological or associative memory, which stores long-term temporal information about absolute times of these availabilities or delays between them, respectively. To determine the range of possible efficiencies, we also simulated a forager without temporal cognition but which simply targeted the closest and possibly empty food sources, and a perfectly prescient forager, able to know at any time which food source was effectively providing food. The sampling, associative and chronological foragers were far more efficient than the forager without temporal cognition in temporally predictable environments, and interestingly, their efficiencies increased with the level of temporal heterogeneity. The use of a long-term temporal memory results in a foraging efficiency up to 1.16 times better (chronological memory) or 1.14 times worse (associative memory) than the use of a simple sampling memory. Our results thus show that, for everyday foraging, a long-term temporal memory did not provide a clear benefit over a simple short-term memory that keeps track of the current resource availability. Long-term temporal memories may therefore have emerged in contexts where short-term temporal cognition is useless, i.e. when the anticipation of future environmental changes is strongly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Robira
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Benhamou
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Shelly Masi
- Eco-anthropologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Violaine Llaurens
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, CNRS-École Pratique des Hautes Études, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Louise Riotte-Lambert
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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19
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Biotic and abiotic drivers of dispersion dynamics in a large-bodied tropical vertebrate, the Western Bornean orangutan. Oecologia 2021; 196:707-721. [PMID: 34143262 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of animal responses to dynamic resource landscapes is based largely on research on temperate species with small body sizes and fast life histories. We studied a large, tropical mammal with an extremely slow life history, the Western Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), across a heterogeneous natural landscape encompassing seven distinct forest types. Our goals were to characterize fluctuations in abundance, test hypotheses regarding the relationship between dispersion dynamics and resource availability, and evaluate how movement patterns are influenced by abiotic conditions. We surveyed abundance in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, for 99 consecutive months and simultaneously recorded weather data and assessed fruit availability. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical distance sampling model to estimate population dispersion and assess the roles of fruit availability, rainfall, and temperature in driving movement patterns across this heterogeneous landscape. Orangutan abundance varied dramatically over space and time. Each forest type was important in sustaining more than 40% of the total orangutans on site during at least one month, as animals moved to track asynchronies in fruiting phenology. We conclude that landscape-level movements buffer orangutans against fruit scarcity, peat swamps are crucial fallback habitats, and orangutans' use of high elevation forests is strongly dependent on abiotic conditions. Our results show that orangutans can periodically occupy putative-sink habitats and be virtually absent for extended periods from habitats that are vitally important in sustaining their population, highlighting the need for long-term studies and potential risks in interpreting occurrence or abundance measures as indicators of habitat importance.
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20
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Barrett A, Brown L. Effects of rainfall, temperature and photoperiod on the phenology of ephemeral resources for selected bushveld woody plant species in southern Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251421. [PMID: 33975332 PMCID: PMC8112890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability of ephemeral resources provided by woody plants is related to fluctuating environmental conditions, specifically the predominant climate variables temperature and rainfall. Photoperiod has less impact but also plays a role in the onset of resource pulses. In the seasonally affected bushveld of southern Africa, declining resources could have dire consequences to various animals that depend on these resources. Understanding the impact that rainfall, temperature and photoperiod has on woody plant resources allows managers of natural areas to plan for times when resources are scarce. Using a series of General Linear Models, this baseline study investigates the effects that these variables have on flower production, numbers of new fruit/pods and numbers of new leaves for 113 tagged trees from 26 woody plant species. Leads, lags and coincidental relationships observed between environmental predictor and phenological response variables were explored using time-series cross-correlations and concomitant correlograms. Model results indicated that temperature was the predominant indicator for flowering, with initial flowering starting when temperatures increase in September. A significant lead was observed between flowering and rainfall, suggesting that flower numbers increase approximately one month before rainfall increases. Temperature had the biggest effect on the number of species with new fruits and pods. Significant lags were observed between new fruits and pods and all environmental variables investigated, indicating that these resources depend on rainfall, temperature and photoperiod to reach their full potential. Photoperiod, temperature and the interaction between these variables had a noticeable effect on the number of species with new leaves. Peaks in species with new leaves coincide with peaks in rainfall, temperature and photoperiod. No leading or lagging indicators were observed between new leaves and the environmental variables investigated. In areas containing wildlife populations, recommendations are to undertake regular monitoring of climatic variables investigated, and the ephemeral resources on woody plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Barrett
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Leslie Brown
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
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21
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Abstract
Plant phenology is strongly interlinked with ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Like many other aspects of ecosystem functioning, it is affected by habitat and climate change, with both global change drivers altering the timings and frequency of phenological events. As such, there has been an increased focus in recent years to monitor phenology in different biomes. A range of approaches for monitoring phenology have been developed to increase our understanding on its role in ecosystems, ranging from the use of satellites and drones to collection traps, each with their own merits and limitations. Here, we outline the trade-offs between methods (spatial resolution, temporal resolution, cost, data processing), and discuss how their use can be optimised in different environments and for different goals. We also emphasise emerging technologies that will be the focus of monitoring in the years to follow and the challenges of monitoring phenology that still need to be addressed. We conclude that there is a need to integrate studies that incorporate multiple monitoring methods, allowing the strengths of one to compensate for the weaknesses of another, with a view to developing robust methods for upscaling phenological observations from point locations to biome and global scales and reconciling data from varied sources and environments. Such developments are needed if we are to accurately quantify the impacts of a changing world on plant phenology.
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22
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Thompson ME, Muller MN, Machanda ZP, Otali E, Wrangham RW. The Kibale Chimpanzee Project: Over thirty years of research, conservation, and change. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2020; 252:108857. [PMID: 33281197 PMCID: PMC7709955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term primate field research programs contribute to the protection of endangered primate species and their vanishing habitats by informing and fostering local and international conservation programs. The Kibale Chimpanzee Project (KCP) has studied the Kanyawara community of wild chimpanzees continuously since 1987, investigating a wide range of behavioral, ecological, and physiological questions. The study area includes the northwest boundary of Kibale National Park, Uganda, and has experienced habitat change driven by multiple causes, including forest regeneration, an increasingly warmer and wetter climate, and impacts from the neighboring human population. Here, we review the history of research on Kanyawara chimpanzees and examine how their demography, diet, and social behavior have changed over the last 30+ years. While Kanyawara chimpanzees were protected from the major threats of poaching and habitat loss, respiratory diseases of human origin were a major source of mortality. Many individuals were also injured by wire hunting snares. Nevertheless, the study community has grown modestly in size, individuals have become increasingly gregarious, and birth rates have increased. These results are likely attributable to improved habitat productivity that can be traced to decades-long efforts by wildlife authorities and the associated research and conservation programs in Kibale. Overall, research has contributed both to understanding interactions among nutritional ecology, social behavior, physiology, and health of an endangered species, and also to conservation activities in the Kibale community through direct interventions, positive economic impacts, and conservation education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Emery Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Martin N. Muller
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Zarin P. Machanda
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
- Department of Anthropology, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Emily Otali
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Richard W. Wrangham
- Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal, Uganda
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston NM USA
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23
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Bush ER, Whytock RC, Bahaa-El-Din L, Bourgeois S, Bunnefeld N, Cardoso AW, Dikangadissi JT, Dimbonda P, Dimoto E, Edzang Ndong J, Jeffery KJ, Lehmann D, Makaga L, Momboua B, Momont LRW, Tutin CEG, White LJT, Whittaker A, Abernethy K. Long-term collapse in fruit availability threatens Central African forest megafauna. Science 2020; 370:1219-1222. [PMID: 32972990 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc7791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Afrotropical forests host much of the world's remaining megafauna, although these animals are confined to areas where direct human influences are low. We used a rare long-term dataset of tree reproduction and a photographic database of forest elephants to assess food availability and body condition of an emblematic megafauna species at Lopé National Park, Gabon. Our analysis reveals an 81% decline in fruiting over a 32-year period (1986-2018) and an 11% decline in body condition of fruit-dependent forest elephants from 2008 to 2018. Fruit famine in one of the last strongholds for African forest elephants should raise concern about the ability of this species and other fruit-dependent megafauna to persist in the long term, with potential consequences for broader ecosystem and biosphere functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Bush
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin C Whytock
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK. .,Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Laila Bahaa-El-Din
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Anabelle W Cardoso
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Osborne Memorial Laboratories, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Pacôme Dimbonda
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - David Lehmann
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Loïc Makaga
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Brice Momboua
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Lee J T White
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Ministère des Eaux, des Forêts, de la Mer, de l'Environnement Chargé du Plan Climat, des Objectifs de Development Durable et du Plan d'Affectation des Terres, Boulevard Triomphale, Libreville, Gabon.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Katharine Abernethy
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, CENAREST, Libreville, Gabon
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24
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Riaño-Jiménez D, Guerrero M, Alarcón P, Cure JR. Effects of Climate Variability on Queen Production and Pollen Preferences of Neotropical Bumblebee Bombus atratus in a High Andean Suburban Condition. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:586-594. [PMID: 32162246 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bombus atratus Franklin is a widely distributed bumblebee of South America. In Colombia, this species is recognized for its ability to adapt to highly disturbed habitats. However, knowledge of its ecology is poorly known, in particular conditions to ensure the long-term conservation of its populations. Identification of pollen resources is an important issue that could be used as a tool to manage and conserve bumblebees. In tropical areas, rainfall patterns could affect floral phenology and therefore the availability of pollen resources. Considering this, the present work aimed to establish the effect of extreme weather conditions (El Niño) in pollen availability, use of pollinic sources, and gyne production in B. atratus colonies. We reared and located 14 B. atratus colonies in a suburban area during a dry season (ENSO "El Niño") and a rainy season (ENSO "La Niña"). We registered time to gyne production and numbers of gynes produced per colony. We extracted pollen samples to establish both its floral origin and its relative abundance. We measured floral offer for each season. The data of pollen use per colony were utilized to perform Bipartite networks. We analyzed the production of gynes and pollen use per season with correlation models and generalized linear models. Colonies of the rainy season produced more gynes and faster. The floral diversity and offer were higher during the rainy season. Successful colonies used specific pollen sources in two seasons, independently of the floral offer. Extreme dry season affected development of B. atratus colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P Alarcón
- Nueva Granada Univ, Cajicá, Colombia
| | - J R Cure
- Nueva Granada Univ, Cajicá, Colombia
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25
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Boyle WA, Shogren EH, Brawn JD. Hygric Niches for Tropical Endotherms. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:938-952. [PMID: 32693967 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biotic selective pressures dominate explanations for the evolutionary ecology of tropical endotherms. Yet, abiotic factors, principally precipitation regimes, shape biogeographical and phenological patterns in tropical regions. Despite its importance, we lack a framework for understanding when, why, and how rain affects endotherms. Here, we review how tropical birds and mammals respond to rain at individual, population, and community levels, and propose a conceptual framework to interpret divergent responses. Diverse direct and indirect mechanisms underlie responses to rainfall, including physiological, top-down, and food-related drivers. Our framework constitutes a roadmap for the empirical studies required to understand the consequences of rainfall variability. Identifying the patterns and mechanisms underpinning responses to temporal variation in precipitation is crucial to anticipate consequences of anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Alice Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Elsie H Shogren
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Brawn
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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26
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Ramirez‐Parada T, Cabrera D, Diaz‐Martin Z, Browne L, Karubian J. Resource‐related variables drive individual variation in flowering phenology and mediate population‐level flowering responses to climate in an asynchronously reproducing palm. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeo Ramirez‐Parada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | - Domingo Cabrera
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
| | - Zoe Diaz‐Martin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
| | - Luke Browne
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
- UCLA La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Jordan Karubian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
- Foundation for the Conservation of the Tropical Andes Quito Ecuador
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27
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Pau S, Cordell S, Ostertag R, Inman F, Sack L. Climatic sensitivity of species’ vegetative and reproductive phenology in a Hawaiian montane wet forest. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pau
- Department of Geography Florida State University Tallahassee FL USA
| | - Susan Cordell
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Hilo HI USA
| | - Rebecca Ostertag
- Department of Biology University of Hawai‘i at Hilo Hilo Hawai‘i USA
| | - Faith Inman
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station USDA Forest Service Hilo HI USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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28
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Potts KB, Watts DP, Langergraber KE, Mitani JC. Long-term trends in fruit production in a tropical forest at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Biotropica 2020; 52:521-532. [PMID: 33692573 PMCID: PMC7939021 DOI: 10.1111/btp.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fruit production in tropical forests varies considerably in space and time, with important implications for frugivorous consumers. Characterizing temporal variation in forest productivity is thus critical for understanding adaptations of tropical forest frugivores, yet long-term phenology data from the tropics, in particular from African forests, are still scarce. Similarly, as the abiotic factors driving phenology in the tropics are predicted to change with a warming climate, studies documenting the relationship between climatic variables and fruit production are increasingly important. Here we present data from 19 years of monitoring the phenology of 20 tree species at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Our aims were to characterize short- and long-term trends in productivity and to understand the abiotic factors driving temporal variability in fruit production. Short-term (month-to-month) variability in fruiting was relatively low at Ngogo, and overall fruit production increased significantly through the first half of the study. Among the abiotic variables we expected to influence phenology patterns (including rainfall, solar irradiance, and average temperature), only average temperature was a significant predictor of monthly fruit production. We discuss these findings as they relate to the resource base of the frugivorous vertebrate community inhabiting Ngogo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Potts
- The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, 1100 McAllister Ave., Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - David P. Watts
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Kevin E. Langergraber
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change & Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 872402, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - John C. Mitani
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Sheldon KS. Climate Change in the Tropics: Ecological and Evolutionary Responses at Low Latitudes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-025005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is affecting every ecosystem on Earth. Though climate change is global in scope, literature reviews on the biotic impacts of climate change have focused on temperate and polar regions. Tropical species have distinct life histories and physiologies, and ecological communities are assembled differently across latitude. Thus, tropical species and communities may exhibit different responses to climate change compared with those in temperate and polar regions. What are the fingerprints of climate change in the tropics? This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on impacts of climate change in tropical regions and discusses research priorities to better understand the ways in which species and ecological communities are responding to climate change in the most biodiverse places on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Sheldon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Hogan JA, Nytch CJ, Bithorn JE, Zimmerman JK. Proposing the solar-wind energy flux hypothesis as a driver of inter-annual variation in tropical tree reproductive effort. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1519-1525. [PMID: 31664731 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects tropical environmental conditions, potentially altering ecosystem function as El Niño events interact with longer-term climate change. Anomalously warm equatorial Pacific Ocean temperatures affect rainfall and temperature throughout the tropics and coincide with altered leaf flush phenology and increased fruit production in wet tropical forests; however, the understanding of mechanisms underlying this pattern is limited. There is evidence that increases in tropical tree reproduction anticipate El Niño onset, motivating the continued search for a global driver of tropical angiosperm reproduction. We present the solar-wind energy flux hypothesis: that physical energy influx to the Earth's upper atmosphere and magnetosphere, generated by a positive anomaly in the solar wind preceding El Niño development, cues tropical trees to increase resource allocation to reproduction. METHODS We test this hypothesis using 19 years of data from Luquillo, Puerto Rico, correlating them with measures of solar-wind energy. RESULTS From 1994 to 2013, the solar-wind energy flux into Earth's magnetosphere (Ein ) was more strongly correlated with the number of species fruiting and flowering than the Niño 3.4 climate index, despite Niño 3.4 being previously identified as a driver of interannual increases in reproduction. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the global magnetosphere and thermosphere conditions from increased solar-wind energy affect global atmospheric pressure and circulation patterns, principally by weakening the Walker circulation. We discuss the idea that these changes cue interannual increases in tropical tree reproduction and act through an unidentified mechanism that anticipates and synchronizes the reproductive output of the tropical trees with El Niño.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aaron Hogan
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33175, USA
| | - Christopher J Nytch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - John E Bithorn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
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31
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Kalbitzer U, McInnis V, Chapman CA. Primates create seedling growth hotspots through pattern of dung deposition. Afr J Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urs Kalbitzer
- Department of Anthropology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Victoria McInnis
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
- University of KwaZulu‐Natal Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest University Xi’an China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Sakai
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Otsu Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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33
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Satake A, Kitajima K. Phenology in the tropics: Physiological controls revealed by long‐term monitoring and predictive models. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Texier N, Deblauwe V, Stévart T, Sonké B, Simo-Droissart M, Azandi L, Bose R, Djuikouo MN, Kamdem G, Kamdem N, Mayogo S, Zemagho L, Droissart V. Spatio-temporal patterns of orchids flowering in Cameroonian rainforests. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:1931-1944. [PMID: 30215186 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the flowering patterns of 45 epiphytic orchid species occurring in Cameroonian rainforests to explore the environmental and evolutionary forces driving their phenology. We used a dataset of 3470 flowering events recorded over a period of 11 years in the Yaoundé living collection (82% of the flowering events) and from in situ observations (18% of the flowering events) to (i) describe flowering frequency and timing and synchronization among taxa; (ii) test flowering patterns for phylogenetic relatedness at the generic level; and (iii) investigate the spatial patterns of phenology. An annual flowering pattern prevailed among the species selected for this study. The species-rich African genera Angraecum and Polystachya are characterized by subannual and annual frequency patterns, respectively. However, in terms of flowering time, no phylogenetic signal was detected for the four most diverse genera (Ancistrorhynchus, Angraecum, Bulbophyllum, and Polystachya). Results suggest also an important role of photoperiod and precipitation as climatic triggers of flowering patterns. Moreover, 16% of the taxa cultivated ex situ, mostly Polystachya, showed significant differences in flowering time between individuals originating from distinct climatic regions, pointing toward the existence of phenological ecotypes. Phenological plasticity, suggested by the lack of synchronized flowering in spatially disjunct populations of Polystachya, could explain the widespread radiation of this genus throughout tropical Africa. Our study highlights the need to take the spatial pattern of flowering time into account when interpreting phylogeographic patterns in central African rainforests.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Texier
- Faculty of Sciences, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, 50 Av. F. Roosevelt, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA.
| | - V Deblauwe
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - T Stévart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
- Agentschap Plantentuin Meise, Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38, BE-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - B Sonké
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
| | - M Simo-Droissart
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - L Azandi
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - R Bose
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - M-N Djuikouo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - G Kamdem
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - N Kamdem
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - S Mayogo
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - L Zemagho
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - V Droissart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 265, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Africa & Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Morellato LPC, Abernethy K, Mendoza I. Rethinking tropical phenology: insights from long-term monitoring and novel analytical methods. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Patricia Cerdeira Morellato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP; Instituto de Biociências; Departamento de Botânica; Laboratório de Fenologia; A. 24A, 1515, C.P. 199, CEP 13506-900; Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
| | - Katharine Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherches en Ecologie Tropicale; CENAREST; Libreville Gabon
| | - Irene Mendoza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP; Instituto de Biociências; Departamento de Botânica; Laboratório de Fenologia; A. 24A, 1515, C.P. 199, CEP 13506-900; Rio Claro São Paulo Brasil
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36
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Abernethy K, Bush ER, Forget PM, Mendoza I, Morellato LPC. Current issues in tropical phenology: a synthesis. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
- Institut de Recherches en Ecologie Tropicale; CENAREST; Libreville Gabon
| | - Emma R. Bush
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
| | - Pierre-Michel Forget
- Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Department Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; Brunoy France
| | - Irene Mendoza
- Laboratório de Fenologia; Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP; Rio Claro, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Leonor Patricia C. Morellato
- Laboratório de Fenologia; Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP; Rio Claro, São Paulo Brasil
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37
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Bush ER, Bunnefeld N, Dimoto E, Dikangadissi JT, Jeffery K, Tutin C, White L, Abernethy KA. Towards effective monitoring of tropical phenology: maximizing returns and reducing uncertainty in long-term studies. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. Bush
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Nils Bunnefeld
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN); B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | | | - Kathryn Jeffery
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN); B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale; CENAREST; BP 842 Libreville Gabon
| | - Caroline Tutin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Lee White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN); B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale; CENAREST; BP 842 Libreville Gabon
| | - Katharine A. Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale; CENAREST; BP 842 Libreville Gabon
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38
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Mendoza I, Condit RS, Wright SJ, Caubère A, Châtelet P, Hardy I, Forget PM. Inter-annual variability of fruit timing and quantity at Nouragues (French Guiana): insights from hierarchical Bayesian analyses. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mendoza
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
- Department of Botany; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Campus of Rio Claro Phenology Lab. Avenida 24-A n° 1515 CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Richard S. Condit
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancon Panama
| | - Adeline Caubère
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Patrick Châtelet
- CNRS; USR3456; Laboratoire écologie; évolution; interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA); 275 Route de Montabo 97300 Cayenne France
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
| | - Pierre-Michel Forget
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; Département Adaptations du Vivant; UMR MECADEV 7179 CNRS-MNHN; 1 Av. du Petit Château 91800 Brunoy France
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39
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Adamescu GS, Plumptre AJ, Abernethy KA, Polansky L, Bush ER, Chapman CA, Shoo LP, Fayolle A, Janmaat KRL, Robbins MM, Ndangalasi HJ, Cordeiro NJ, Gilby IC, Wittig RM, Breuer T, Hockemba MB, Sanz CM, Morgan DB, Pusey AE, Mugerwa B, Gilagiza B, Tutin C, Ewango CEN, Sheil D, Dimoto E, Baya F, Bujo F, Ssali F, Dikangadissi J, Jeffery K, Valenta K, White L, Masozera M, Wilson ML, Bitariho R, Ndolo Ebika ST, Gourlet‐Fleury S, Mulindahabi F, Beale CM. Annual cycles are the most common reproductive strategy in African tropical tree communities. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Plumptre
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology Cambridge University Pembroke Rd Cambridge UK
| | - Katharine A. Abernethy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale CENAREST BP 842 Libreville Gabon
| | - Leo Polansky
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Emma R. Bush
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - Colin A. Chapman
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2A7 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Luke P. Shoo
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- TERRA Teaching and Research Center Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech Liège University Passage des Déportés 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium
| | - Karline R. L. Janmaat
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam 1012 WX the Netharlands
| | - Martha M. Robbins
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Henry J. Ndangalasi
- Department of Botany University of Dar es Salaam PO Box 35060 Dar es Salaam Tanzania
| | - Norbert J. Cordeiro
- Department of Biology Roosevelt University 430 Michigan Ave Chicago IL 60605 USA
- Science and Education, The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr Chicago IL 60605 USA
| | - Ian C. Gilby
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85281 USA
| | - Roman M. Wittig
- Department of Primatology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques BP 1303, Abidjan 01 Ivory Coast West Africa
| | - Thomas Breuer
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
- Mbeli Bai Study, Wildlife Conservation Society – Congo Program 151 Avenue Charles de Gaulle 14537 Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | | | - Crickette M. Sanz
- Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis 1 Brookings Drive Saint Louis MO 63130 USA
- Congo Program Wildlife Conservation Society 151 Avenue de Gaulle Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | - David B. Morgan
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of Apes Lincoln Park Zoo, 2001 North Clark Street Chicago IL 60614 USA
| | - Anne E. Pusey
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham NC USA
| | - Badru Mugerwa
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) PO BOX 44 Kabale Uganda
| | | | - Caroline Tutin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | | | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås NO‐1432 Norway
| | - Edmond Dimoto
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Fidèle Baya
- Ministère des Eaux, Forêts, Chasse et Pêche BP 3314 Bangui Central African Republic
| | - Flort Bujo
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Fredrick Ssali
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) PO BOX 44 Kabale Uganda
| | | | - Kathryn Jeffery
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Kim Valenta
- Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment McGill University Montreal QC H3A 2A7 Canada
- Wildlife Conservation Society Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Lee White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA UK
- Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale CENAREST BP 842 Libreville Gabon
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN) B.P. 20379 Libreville Gabon
| | - Michel Masozera
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Michael L. Wilson
- Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55454 USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution& Behavior University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55108 USA
| | - Robert Bitariho
- Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) PO BOX 44 Kabale Uganda
| | - Sydney T. Ndolo Ebika
- Initiative des Champignons et des Plantes du Congo (ICPC) B.P. 2300 Brazzaville Republic of Congo
| | | | - Felix Mulindahabi
- Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA
| | - Colin M. Beale
- Department of Biology University of York Wentworth Way York YO10 5DD UK
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40
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Primate Responses to Changing Environments in the Anthropocene. PRIMATE LIFE HISTORIES, SEX ROLES, AND ADAPTABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98285-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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