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Li Z, Pethybridge HR, Wu F, Li Y. Mercury bioaccumulation in thresher sharks from the eastern tropical Pacific: Influences of body size, maturation stage, and feeding habitat. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162248. [PMID: 36804976 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sharks, as top order predators, provide a guidance on how contaminants such as mercury bioaccumulate in marine environments. This study assessed the bioaccumulation of mercury (total mercury, THg) in the muscle, liver, red blood cells (RBC), and plasma of pelagic and bigeye thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus and A. superciliosus) from eastern tropical Pacific. Additionally, the concentration of methylmercury (MeHg) in muscle was also determined to assess risks for human consumption. For both species, muscle THg concentrations (4.05 ± 2.15 and 4.12 ± 1.84 μg g-1 dry weight for pelagic and bigeye thresher shark) were higher than that in other tissues. THg concentrations for all tissues were significantly correlated with precaudal length, with higher accumulation rates after maturity in pelagic than bigeye thresher sharks, suggesting an associated dietary shift at maturation. Correlations among tissues in both species suggested similar transportation and distribution patterns in internal tissues. The δ13C values in muscle, RBC and plasma suggested that habitat shifts influenced Hg accumulation, whereas trophic position, estimated by δ15N values, had limited effects on patterns of Hg bioaccumulation. Diet shifts towards prey more cephalopods that content higher Hg than small fishes (large fishes: 1.77 μg g-1; cephalopods: 0.66 μg g-1 and small fishes 0.48 μg g-1, dry weight) increased Hg accumulation rates in adult pelagic thresher sharks. Concentrations of MeHg in the muscle of both thresher shark (3.42 ± 1.68 μg g-1 in A. pelagicus and 3.78 ± 2.13 μg g-1 in A. superciliosus) exceeded the recommended levels for human consumption. This research provides insight into the factors influencing mercury bioaccumulation in thresher sharks, which are essential for the management and conservation of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heidi R Pethybridge
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
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Cardeñosa D, Robles YL, Ussa DA, del Valle CM, Caballero S, Chapman DD. Pre‐export shark fin processing to conceal
CITES
‐listed species: a case‐study from a shark fin seizure in Colombia. Anim Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
| | - Y. L. Robles
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética Forense de Especies Silvestres Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL Policía Nacional Bogotá Colombia
| | - D. A. Ussa
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética Forense de Especies Silvestres Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL Policía Nacional Bogotá Colombia
| | - C. M. del Valle
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética Forense de Especies Silvestres Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL Policía Nacional Bogotá Colombia
| | - S. Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos – LEMVA Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Program Mote Marine Laboratory & Aquarium Sarasota FL USA
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3
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Pytka JM, Moore ABM, Heenan A. Internet trade of a previously unknown wildlife product from a critically endangered marine fish. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adel Heenan
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Anglesey UK
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4
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Guttridge TL, Müller L, Keller BA, Bond ME, Grubbs RD, Winram W, Howey LA, Frazier BS, Gruber SH. Vertical space use and thermal range of the great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran), (Rüppell, 1837) in the western North Atlantic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:797-810. [PMID: 36056454 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is a highly mobile, large-bodied shark primarily found in coastal-pelagic and semi-oceanic waters across a circumtropical range. It is a target or by-catch species in multiple fisheries, and as a result, rapid population declines have occurred in many regions. These declines have contributed to the species being assessed as globally critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Although conservation and management measures have yielded promising results in some regions, such as the United States, high levels of at-vessel and post-release mortality remain a major concern to the species population recovery. This examined the vertical space use and thermal range of pop-off archival satellite-tagged S. mokarran in the western North Atlantic Ocean, expanding the understanding of the ecological niche of this species and providing insight into by-catch mitigation strategies for fisheries managers. The results showed that S. mokarran predominantly used shallow depths (75% of records <30 m) and had a narrow temperature range (89% of records between 23 and 28°C). Individual differences in depth use were apparent, and a strong diel cycle was observed, with sharks occupying significantly deeper depths during the daytime. Furthermore, two individuals were confirmed pregnant with one migrating from the Bahamas to South Carolina, U.S.A., providing further evidence of regional connectivity and parturition off the U.S. East Coast. The findings suggest that S. mokarran may be vulnerable to incidental capture in the western North Atlantic commercial longline fisheries due to substantial vertical overlap between the species and the gear. The results can be incorporated into conservation and management efforts to develop and/or refine mitigation measures focused on reducing the by-catch and associated mortality of this species, which can ultimately aide S. mokarran population recovery in areas with poor conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan L Guttridge
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, Florida, USA
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
| | - Lukas Müller
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- The Watermen Project, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bryan A Keller
- Saving the Blue, Cooper City, Florida, USA
- Coastal and Marine Laboratory, Florida State University, St. Teresa, Florida, USA
| | - Mark E Bond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - R Dean Grubbs
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Lucy A Howey
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bryan S Frazier
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel H Gruber
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation, South Bimini, Bahamas
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Li Z, Pethybridge HR, Gong Y, Wu F, Dai X, Li Y. Effect of body size, feeding ecology and maternal transfer on mercury accumulation of vulnerable silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis in the eastern tropical pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119751. [PMID: 35835271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis is a large pelagic species distributed in the global oceans and was recently listed as "Vulnerable" by the IUCN because of its decline in population due to overfishing. As an apex predator, the silky shark can accumulate elevated quantities of mercury (Hg), posing a potential risk to its remaining population. In this study, total Hg (THg) concentrations were determined in silky shark muscle, liver, dermis, red blood cells (RBC) and plasma sampled from the eastern tropical Pacific, and δ15N values were measured to explore the influence of feeding ecology on Hg accumulation. The highest THg concentrations were in muscle (7.81 ± 6.70 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) or 2.14 ± 1.83 μg g-1 wet weight (ww)) and liver (7.88 ± 10.22 μg g-1 dw or 4.66 ± 6.04 μg g-1 ww) rather than dermis, RBC and plasma. The THg concentrations in all tissue types were significantly correlated with fork length and showed faster accumulation rates after maturity. Maternal THg transfer was observed in silky sharks with embryos having 33.16% and 1.98% in muscle and liver compared with their respective mothers. The potentially harmful THg concentrations in silky shark tissues and embryos may lead to health problems of sharks and consumers. THg concentrations were negatively correlated with δ15N values for all tissues, indicating likely baseline variations in δ15N values that reflect changes in the foraging habitats or regions of silky sharks with size or age. Lastly, strong correlations were observed among THg concentrations of all tissue types, indicating that nonlethal sampling of muscle and dermis tissue can be used effectively to quantify THg concentration of other internal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heidi R Pethybridge
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yi Gong
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunkai Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Shark Fishing vs. Conservation: Analysis and Synthesis. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14159548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expanding shark fin market has resulted in intensive global shark fishing and with 90% of teleost fish stocks over-exploited, sharks have become the most lucrative target. As predators, they have high ecological value, are sensitive to fishing pressure, and are in decline, but the secretive nature of the fin trade and difficulties obtaining relevant data, obscure their true status. In consumer countries, shark fin is a luxury item and rich consumers pay high prices with little interest in sustainability or legal trade. Thus, market demand will continue to fuel the shark hunt and those accessible to fishing fleets are increasingly endangered. Current legal protections are not working, as exemplified by the case of the shortfin mako shark, and claims that sharks can be sustainably fished under these circumstances are shown to be misguided. In the interests of averting a catastrophic collapse across the planet’s aquatic ecosystems, sharks and their habitats must be given effective protection. We recommend that all sharks, chimaeras, manta rays, devil rays, and rhino rays be protected from international trade through an immediate CITES Appendix I listing. However, a binding international agreement for the protection of biodiversity in general is what is needed.
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Beall JM, Pharr LD, von Furstenberg R, Barber A, Casola WR, Vaughn A, Peterson MN, Larson LR. The influence of YouTube videos on human tolerance of sharks. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Beall
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - L. D. Pharr
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - R. von Furstenberg
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - A. Barber
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - W. R. Casola
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - A. Vaughn
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. N. Peterson
- Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - L. R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
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8
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Cardeñosa D, Shea SK, Zhang H, Fischer GA, Simpfendorfer CA, Chapman DD. Two thirds of species in a global shark fin trade hub are threatened with extinction: Conservation potential of international trade regulations for coastal sharks. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Huarong Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Douglas Queensland Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Florida USA
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10
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Baeza JA, García-De León FJ. Are we there yet? Benchmarking low-coverage nanopore long-read sequencing for the assembling of mitochondrial genomes using the vulnerable silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:320. [PMID: 35459089 PMCID: PMC9027416 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole mitochondrial genomes are quickly becoming markers of choice for the exploration of within-species genealogical and among-species phylogenetic relationships. Most often, ‘primer walking’ or ‘long PCR’ strategies plus Sanger sequencing or low-pass whole genome sequencing using Illumina short reads are used for the assembling of mitochondrial chromosomes. In this study, we first confirmed that mitochondrial genomes can be sequenced from long reads using nanopore sequencing data exclusively. Next, we examined the accuracy of the long-reads assembled mitochondrial chromosomes when comparing them to a ‘gold’ standard reference mitochondrial chromosome assembled using Illumina short-reads sequencing. Results Using a specialized bioinformatics tool, we first produced a short-reads mitochondrial genome assembly for the silky shark C. falciformis with an average base coverage of 9.8x. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. falciformis was 16,705 bp in length and 934 bp shorter than a previously assembled genome (17,639 bp in length) that used bioinformatics tools not specialized for the assembly of mitochondrial chromosomes. Next, low-pass whole genome sequencing using a MinION ONT pocket-sized platform plus customized de-novo and reference-based workflows assembled and circularized a highly accurate mitochondrial genome in the silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis. Indels at the flanks of homopolymer regions explained most of the dissimilarities observed between the ‘gold’ standard reference mitochondrial genome (assembled using Illumina short reads) and each of the long-reads mitochondrial genome assemblies. Although not completely accurate, mitophylogenomics and barcoding analyses (using entire mitogenomes and the D-Loop/Control Region, respectively) suggest that long-reads assembled mitochondrial genomes are reliable for identifying a sequenced individual, such as C. falciformis, and separating the same individual from others belonging to closely related congeneric species. Conclusions This study confirms that mitochondrial genomes can be sequenced from long-reads nanopore sequencing data exclusively. With further development, nanopore technology can be used to quickly test in situ mislabeling in the shark fin fishing industry and thus, improve surveillance protocols, law enforcement, and the regulation of this fishery. This study will also assist with the transferring of high-throughput sequencing technology to middle- and low-income countries so that international scientists can explore population genomics in sharks using inclusive research strategies. Lastly, we recommend assembling mitochondrial genomes using specialized assemblers instead of other assemblers developed for bacterial and/or nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA. .,Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA. .,Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - F J García-De León
- Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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11
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Zhang X, Armani A, Wen J, Giusti A, Zhao J, Li X. DNA barcoding for the identification of shark lips (鱼唇): A nationwide survey for analyzing a never investigated product in the Chinese market. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Villate‐Moreno M, Pollerspöck J, Kremer‐Obrock F, Straube N. Molecular analyses of confiscated shark fins reveal shortcomings of CITES implementations in Germany. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolas Straube
- Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen Bergen Norway
- SNSB ‐ Bavarian State Collection of Zoology Munich Germany
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Liew JH, Kho ZY, Lim RBH, Dingle C, Bonebrake TC, Sung YH, Dudgeon D. International socioeconomic inequality drives trade patterns in the global wildlife market. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabf7679. [PMID: 33952526 PMCID: PMC8099177 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf7679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The wildlife trade is a major cause of species loss and a pathway for disease transmission. Socioeconomic drivers of the wildlife trade are influential at the local scale yet rarely accounted for in multinational agreements aimed at curtailing international trade in threatened species. In recent decades (1998-2018), approximately 421,000,000 threatened (i.e., CITES-listed) wild animals were traded between 226 nations/territories. The global trade network was more highly connected under conditions of greater international wealth inequality, when rich importers may have a larger economic advantage over poorer exporting nations/territories. Bilateral trade was driven primarily by socioeconomic factors at the supply end, with wealthier exporters likely to supply more animals to the global market. Our findings suggest that international policies for reducing the global wildlife trade should address inequalities between signatory states, possibly using incentive/compensation-driven programs modeled after other transnational environmental initiatives (e.g., REDD+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huan Liew
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
- Science Unit, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zi Yi Kho
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rayson Bock Hing Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Republic of Singapore
| | - Caroline Dingle
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Timothy Carlton Bonebrake
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yik Hei Sung
- Science Unit, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong SAR
| | - David Dudgeon
- Division for Ecology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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15
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Mariani S, Fernandez C, Baillie C, Magalon H, Jaquemet S. Shark and ray diversity, abundance and temporal variation around an Indian Ocean Island, inferred by eDNA metabarcoding. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mariani
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | | | - Charles Baillie
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Helene Magalon
- UMR Entropie, Université de La Réunion Saint‐Denis France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
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Jorgensen SJ, Micheli F, White TD, Van Houtan KS, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Andrzejaczek S, Arnoldi NS, Baum JK, Block B, Britten GL, Butner C, Caballero S, Cardeñosa D, Chapple TK, Clarke S, Cortés E, Dulvy NK, Fowler S, Gallagher AJ, Gilman E, Godley BJ, Graham RT, Hammerschlag N, Harry AV, Heithaus M, Hutchinson M, Huveneers C, Lowe CG, Lucifora LO, MacKeracher T, Mangel JC, Barbosa Martins AP, McCauley DJ, McClenachan L, Mull C, Natanson LJ, Pauly D, Pazmiño DA, Pistevos JCA, Queiroz N, Roff G, Shea BD, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Ward-Paige C, Worm B, Ferretti F. Emergent research and priorities for shark and ray conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock E, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Kraft DW, Hutchinson M, Herrera MA, Caballero S, Chapman DD. Indo‐Pacific origins of silky shark fins in major shark fin markets highlights supply chains and management bodies key for conservation. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University New York USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
| | - Andrew T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University New York USA
| | - Elizabeth Babcock
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Department of Marine Biology and Ecology University of Miami Miami Florida USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Derek W. Kraft
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i Kane‘ohe Hawaii USA
| | - Melanie Hutchinson
- Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai‘i Kane‘ohe Hawaii USA
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Maria A. Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Colombia
| | - Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos – LEMVA Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes Bogotá Colombia
| | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami Florida USA
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18
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Kraft DW, Conklin EE, Barba EW, Hutchinson M, Toonen RJ, Forsman ZH, Bowen BW. Genomics versus mtDNA for resolving stock structure in the silky shark ( Carcharhinus falciformis). PeerJ 2020; 8:e10186. [PMID: 33150082 PMCID: PMC7585369 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation genetic approaches for elasmobranchs have focused on regions of the mitochondrial genome or a handful of nuclear microsatellites. High-throughput sequencing offers a powerful alternative for examining population structure using many loci distributed across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. These single nucleotide polymorphisms are expected to provide finer scale and more accurate population level data; however, there have been few genomic studies applied to elasmobranch species. The desire to apply next-generation sequencing approaches is often tempered by the costs, which can be offset by pooling specimens prior to sequencing (pool-seq). In this study, we assess the utility of pool-seq by applying this method to the same individual silky sharks, Carcharhinus falciformis, previously surveyed with the mtDNA control region in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Pool-seq methods were able to recover the entire mitochondrial genome as well as thousands of nuclear markers. This volume of sequence data enabled the detection of population structure between regions of the Atlantic Ocean populations, undetected in the previous study (inter-Atlantic mitochondrial SNPs FST values comparison ranging from 0.029 to 0.135 and nuclear SNPs from 0.015 to 0.025). Our results reinforce the conclusion that sampling the mitochondrial control region alone may fail to detect fine-scale population structure, and additional sampling across the genome may increase resolution for some species. Additionally, this study shows that the costs of analyzing 4,988 loci using pool-seq methods are equivalent to the standard Sanger-sequenced markers and become less expensive when large numbers of individuals (>300) are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W. Kraft
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Emily E. Conklin
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Evan W. Barba
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Melanie Hutchinson
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
- Joint Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Zac H. Forsman
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Brian W. Bowen
- Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai’i, Kaneohe, HI, USA
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19
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Relative contribution to the shark fin trade of Indo‐Pacific and Eastern Pacific pelagic thresher sharks. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | - A. T. Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | | | - K. A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
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20
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Garcia Barcia L, Argiro J, Babcock EA, Cai Y, Shea SKH, Chapman DD. Mercury and arsenic in processed fins from nine of the most traded shark species in the Hong Kong and China dried seafood markets: The potential health risks of shark fin soup. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111281. [PMID: 32469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shark fin is one of Asia's most valued dried seafood products, with over 80 shark species traded in Hong Kong [HK]. We analyzed processed shark fins from mainland China and HK markets (n = 267) for mercury, methyl‑mercury, and arsenic, to inform consumers, policy makers and public health officials on the health risks of ingesting fins from nine of the most common shark species in the fin trade. Fins from all species frequently exceed Hg limits established by HK authorities. Most of the mercury found is in the form of methyl‑mercury (69.0 ± 33.5%). Five species surpass methyl‑mercury PTWIs and blue shark fins can exceed inorganic arsenic BMDL0.5. Species-of-origin was a significant predictor of heavy metal concentrations, with higher mercury concentrations associated with coastal sharks and lower arsenic levels found with increasing shark trophic level. Species-specific labeling would help consumers avoid shark fin products that pose the highest health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia Barcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America.
| | - Juana Argiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States of America
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, 9 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, United States of America
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21
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock EA, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Species composition of the largest shark fin retail-market in mainland China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12914. [PMID: 32737392 PMCID: PMC7395743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific monitoring through large shark fin market surveys has been a valuable data source to estimate global catches and international shark fin trade dynamics. Hong Kong and Guangzhou, mainland China, are the largest shark fin markets and consumption centers in the world. We used molecular identification protocols on randomly collected processed fin trimmings (n = 2000) and non-parametric species estimators to investigate the species composition of the Guangzhou retail market and compare the species diversity between the Guangzhou and Hong Kong shark fin retail markets. Species diversity was similar between both trade hubs with a small subset of species dominating the composition. The blue shark (Prionace glauca) was the most common species overall followed by the CITES-listed silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead shark (S. zygaena) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Our results support previous indications of high connectivity between the shark fin markets of Hong Kong and mainland China and suggest that systematic studies of other fin trade hubs within Mainland China and stronger law-enforcement protocols and capacity building are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Andrew T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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22
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Fields AT, Fischer GA, Shea SKH, Zhang H, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. DNA Zip‐coding: identifying the source populations supplying the international trade of a critically endangered coastal shark. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - H. Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - K. A. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | - D. D. Chapman
- Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami FL USA
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23
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Cardeñosa D. Genetic identification of threatened shark species in pet food and beauty care products. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK. .,University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Matthew T Frost
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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25
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Cardeñosa D, Gollock MJ, Chapman DD. Development and application of a novel real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect illegal trade of the European eel (
Anguilla anguilla
). CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceStony Brook University Stony Brook New York
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - Demian D. Chapman
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International University Nebraska Florida
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26
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Hobbs CAD, Potts RWA, Bjerregaard Walsh M, Usher J, Griffiths AM. Using DNA Barcoding to Investigate Patterns of Species Utilisation in UK Shark Products Reveals Threatened Species on Sale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1028. [PMID: 30705397 PMCID: PMC6355914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many shark populations are in decline, primarily due to overexploitation. In response, conservation measures have been applied at differing scales, often severely restricting sales of declining species. Therefore, DNA barcoding was used to investigate sales of shark products in fishmongers and fish and chip takeaways in England. The majority of samples were identified as Spiny Dogfish (Squalus acanthias), which is critically endangered in the Northeast Atlantic and landings have been prohibited (although there is evidence of importation of this species). Significant differences in the species sold between retailer types were also identified, suggesting differing supply chains. The results underline issues surrounding the use of 'umbrella' sales terms where many species are labelled with the same designation. This denies consumer choice as purchasers cannot easily avoid declining species or those associated with high levels of toxicants. For the first time in Europe, minibarcodes are also used to identify species from dried shark fins. Despite a small sample size, analysis of UK wholesaler fins identified threatened sharks, including the endangered and CITES listed Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini). This highlights the global nature of the damaging trade in endangered shark species, in which Europe and the UK have a continuing role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A D Hobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Robert W A Potts
- Department of Biosciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | | | - Jane Usher
- Department of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Andrew M Griffiths
- Department of Biosciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK.
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27
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Cardeñosa D, Quinlan J, Shea KH, Chapman DD. Multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect illegal trade of CITES-listed shark species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16313. [PMID: 30397246 PMCID: PMC6218538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a multilateral environmental agreement to ensure that the international trade of threatened species is either prohibited (Appendix I listed species) or being conducted legally, sustainably, and transparently (Appendix II listed species). Twelve threatened shark species exploited for their fins, meat, and other products have been listed under CITES Appendix II. Sharks are often traded in high volumes, some of their products are visually indistinguishable, and most importing/exporting nations have limited capacity to detect illicit trade and enforce the regulations. High volume shipments often must be screened after only a short period of detainment (e.g., a maximum of 24 hours), which together with costs and capacity issues have limited the use of DNA approaches to identify illicit trade. Here, we present a reliable, field-based, fast (<4 hours), and cost effective ($0.94 USD per sample) multiplex real-time PCR protocol capable of detecting nine of the twelve sharks listed under CITES in a single reaction. This approach facilitates detection of illicit trade, with positive results providing probable cause to detain shipments for more robust forensic analysis. We also provide evidence of its application in real law enforcement scenarios in Hong Kong. Adoption of this approach can help parties meet their CITES requirements, avoiding potential international trade sanctions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, United States of America. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jessica Quinlan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, United States of America
| | | | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, United States of America
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