1
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Lin S, Wang H, Dai J, Ge Q. Spring wood phenology responds more strongly to chilling temperatures than bud phenology in European conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad146. [PMID: 38079514 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A comparative assessment of bud and wood phenology could aid a better understanding of tree growth dynamics. However, the reason for asynchronism or synchronism in leaf and cambial phenology remains unclear. To test the assumption that the temporal relationship between the budburst date and the onset date of wood formation is due to their common or different responses to environmental factors, we constructed a wood phenology dataset from previous literature, and compared it with an existing bud phenology dataset in Europe. We selected three common conifers (Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. and Pinus sylvestris L.) in both datasets and analyzed 909 records of the onset of wood formation at 47 sites and 238,720 records of budburst date at 3051 sites. We quantified chilling accumulation (CA) and forcing requirement (FR) of budburst and onset of wood formation based on common measures of CA and FR. We then constructed negative exponential CA-FR curves for bud and wood phenology separately. The results showed that the median, variance and probability distribution of CA-FR curves varied significantly between bud and wood phenology for three conifers. The different FR under the same chilling condition caused asynchronous bud and wood phenology. Furthermore, the CA-FR curves manifested that wood phenology was more sensitive to chilling than bud phenology. Thus, the FR of the onset of wood formation increases more than that of budburst under the same warming scenarios, explaining the stronger earlier trends in the budburst date than the onset date of woody formation simulated by the process-based model. Our work not only provides a possible explanation for asynchronous bud and wood phenology from the perspective of organ-specific responses to chilling and forcing, but also develops a phenological model for predicting both bud and wood phenology with acceptable uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanjiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Sector H-9, East Service Road, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Quansheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Sun W, Luo X, Fang Y, Shiga YP, Zhang Y, Fisher JB, Keenan TF, Michalak AM. Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO 2 observations. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1199-1210. [PMID: 37322104 PMCID: PMC10406605 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration regulates how the terrestrial carbon sink responds to a warming climate but has been difficult to constrain observationally beyond the plot scale. Here we use observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from a network of towers together with carbon flux estimates from state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models to characterize the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration, as represented by the Arrhenius activation energy, over various North American biomes. We infer activation energies of 0.43 eV for North America and 0.38 eV to 0.53 eV for major biomes therein, which are substantially below those reported for plot-scale studies (approximately 0.65 eV). This discrepancy suggests that sparse plot-scale observations do not capture the spatial-scale dependence and biome specificity of the temperature sensitivity. We further show that adjusting the apparent temperature sensitivity in model estimates markedly improves their ability to represent observed atmospheric CO2 variability. This study provides observationally constrained estimates of the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration directly at the biome scale and reveals that temperature sensitivities at this scale are lower than those based on earlier plot-scale studies. These findings call for additional work to assess the resilience of large-scale carbon sinks to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Sun
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoichi P Shiga
- Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA, USA
- , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Wang H, Lin S, Dai J, Ge Q. Modeling the effect of adaptation to future climate change on spring phenological trend of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157540. [PMID: 35878847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Temperate trees could cope with climate change through phenotypic plasticity of phenological key events or adaptation in situ via selection on genetic variation. However, the relative contribution of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to phenological change is unclear for many ecologically important tree species. Here, we analyzed the leaf-out data of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 50 provenances planted in 7 trial sites. We first constructed a function between chilling accumulation (CA) and photoperiod-associated heat requirement (PHR) of leaf-out date for each provenance and quantified the relationship between parameters of the CA-PHR function and climatic variables at provenance origins by using the random forest model. Furthermore, we used the provenance-specific CA-PHR function to simulate future leaf-out dates under two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and two assumptions (no adaptation and adaptation). The results showed that both CA, provenance, and their interactions affected the PHR of leaf-out. The provenances from southeastern Europe exhibited a stronger response of PHR to CA and thus flushed earlier than northwestern provenances. The parameters of the CA-PHR function were connected with climatic variables (e.g., mean diurnal temperature range, temperature seasonality) at the originating sites of each provenance. If only considering the phenotypic plasticity, the leaf-out date of European beech in 2070-2099 will advance by 6.8 and 9.0 days on average relative to 1951-2020 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. However, if F. sylvatica adapts to future climate change by adopting the current strategy, the advance of the leaf-out date will weaken by 1.4 and 3.4 days under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. Our results suggest that the European beech could slow down its spring phenological advances and reduce its spring frost risk if it adopts the current strategy to adapt to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shaozhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Quansheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
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4
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Mauritz M, Lipson DA. Plant community composition alters moisture and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in semi-arid shrubland. Oecologia 2021; 197:1003-1015. [PMID: 34142233 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04961-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) is the second largest carbon (C) flux to the atmosphere and our understanding of how Rs and its components shift with plant-community composition remains an important question. We used high-frequency soil respiration measurements and root exclusion to evaluate how Rs, autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) vary between a semi-arid perennial shrub community and annual invasive community. Over two growing seasons, total Rs was 40% higher under annual vegetation compared to shrubs. Partitioning revealed consistently higher Ra under annual vegetation which accounted for most of the difference in Rs. Under annual vegetation, Ra increased soon after the first rain events and remained high despite cooling temperatures while shrub Ra increased only when soil temperature began to warm up. The Rh rates were similar between vegetation types when daily soil temperatures were lower than 20 °C. As soil temperatures increased and soil moisture dropped below 10%, Rh was consistently higher under annual vegetation than shrubs. Seasonal dynamics of Rs and Rh were best modeled with an interaction term between soil moisture and temperature with significantly different model parameters for each vegetation type. Differences in the timing and magnitude of Rs and Ra between vegetation types are consistent with phenological differences between shrubs and annuals. Under annuals, larger Rh at high temperatures suggests that expansion of annual vegetation and future hotter and drier conditions could lead to greater C losses from this semi-arid shrub system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mauritz
- University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
| | - D A Lipson
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-4614, USA
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5
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Exploring Short-Term Climate Change Effects on Rangelands and Broad-Leaved Forests by Free Satellite Data in Aosta Valley (Northwest Italy). CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Satellite remote sensing is a power tool for the long-term monitoring of vegetation. This work, with reference to a regional case study, investigates remote sensing potentialities for describing the annual phenology of rangelands and broad-leaved forests at the landscape level with the aim of detecting eventual effects of climate change in the Alpine region of the Aosta Valley (Northwest (NW) Italy). A first analysis was aimed at estimating phenological metrics (PMs) from satellite images time series and testing the presence of trends along time. A further investigation concerned evapotranspiration from vegetation (ET) and its variation along the years. Additionally, in both the cases the following meteorological patterns were considered: air temperature anomalies, precipitation trends and the timing of yearly seasonal snow melt. The analysis was based on the time series (TS) of different MODIS collections datasets together with Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) collection obtained through Google Earth Engine. Ground weather stations data from the Centro Funzionale VdA ranging from 2000 to 2019 were used. In particular, the MOD13Q1 v.6, MOD16A2 and MOD10A1 v.6 collections were used to derive PMs, ET and snow cover maps. The SRTM (shuttle radar topography mission) DTM (digital terrain model) was also used to describe local topography while the Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) land cover map was adopted to investigate land use classes. Averagely in the area, rangelands and broad-leaved forests showed that the length of season is getting longer, with a general advance of the SOS (start of the season) and a delay in the EOS (end of the season). With reference to ET, significant increasing trends were generally observed. The water requirement from vegetation appeared to have averagely risen about 0.05 Kg·m−2 (about 0.5%) per year in the period 2000–2019, for a total increase of about 1 Kg·m−2 in 20 years (corresponding to a percentage difference in water requirement from vegetation of about 8%). This aspect can be particularly relevant in the bottom of the central valley, where the precipitations have shown a statistically significant decreasing trend in the period 2000–2019 (conversely, no significant variation was found in the whole territory). Additionally, the snowpack timing persistence showed a general reduction trend. PMs and ET and air temperature anomalies, as well as snow cover melting, proved to have significantly changed their values in the last 20 years, with a continuous progressive trend. The results encourage the adoption of remote sensing to monitor climate change effects on alpine vegetation, with particular focus on the relationship between phenology and other abiotic factors permitting an effective technological transfer.
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6
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Migliavacca M, Musavi T, Mahecha MD, Nelson JA, Knauer J, Baldocchi DD, Perez-Priego O, Christiansen R, Peters J, Anderson K, Bahn M, Black TA, Blanken PD, Bonal D, Buchmann N, Caldararu S, Carrara A, Carvalhais N, Cescatti A, Chen J, Cleverly J, Cremonese E, Desai AR, El-Madany TS, Farella MM, Fernández-Martínez M, Filippa G, Forkel M, Galvagno M, Gomarasca U, Gough CM, Göckede M, Ibrom A, Ikawa H, Janssens IA, Jung M, Kattge J, Keenan TF, Knohl A, Kobayashi H, Kraemer G, Law BE, Liddell MJ, Ma X, Mammarella I, Martini D, Macfarlane C, Matteucci G, Montagnani L, Pabon-Moreno DE, Panigada C, Papale D, Pendall E, Penuelas J, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Rossini M, Rotenberg E, Scott RL, Stahl C, Weber U, Wohlfahrt G, Wolf S, Wright IJ, Yakir D, Zaehle S, Reichstein M. The three major axes of terrestrial ecosystem function. Nature 2021; 598:468-472. [PMID: 34552242 PMCID: PMC8528706 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum1,2 and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions3 revealed fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies that are shaped by the evolutionary development of plant species2. Ecosystem functions depend on environmental conditions and the traits of species that comprise the ecological communities4. However, the axes of variation of ecosystem functions are largely unknown, which limits our understanding of how ecosystems respond as a whole to anthropogenic drivers, climate and environmental variability4,5. Here we derive a set of ecosystem functions6 from a dataset of surface gas exchange measurements across major terrestrial biomes. We find that most of the variability within ecosystem functions (71.8%) is captured by three key axes. The first axis reflects maximum ecosystem productivity and is mostly explained by vegetation structure. The second axis reflects ecosystem water-use strategies and is jointly explained by variation in vegetation height and climate. The third axis, which represents ecosystem carbon-use efficiency, features a gradient related to aridity, and is explained primarily by variation in vegetation structure. We show that two state-of-the-art land surface models reproduce the first and most important axis of ecosystem functions. However, the models tend to simulate more strongly correlated functions than those observed, which limits their ability to accurately predict the full range of responses to environmental changes in carbon, water and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystems7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Migliavacca
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany ,grid.434554.70000 0004 1758 4137Present Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Talie Musavi
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Miguel D. Mahecha
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Remote Sensing Center for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7492.80000 0004 0492 3830Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jacob A. Nelson
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Knauer
- grid.492990.f0000 0004 0402 7163CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Present Address: Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales Australia
| | - Dennis D. Baldocchi
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Oscar Perez-Priego
- grid.411901.c0000 0001 2183 9102Department of Forest Engineering, ERSAF Research Group, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rune Christiansen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Peters
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Anderson
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Michael Bahn
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter D. Blanken
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Damien Bonal
- grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Nina Buchmann
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Caldararu
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Arnaud Carrara
- grid.17095.3a0000 0000 8717 7992Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Spain
| | - Nuno Carvalhais
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.10772.330000000121511713Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- grid.434554.70000 0004 1758 4137European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Jiquan Chen
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Landscape Ecology & Ecosystem Science (LEES) Lab, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, and Department of Geography, Environmental and Spatial Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Jamie Cleverly
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales Australia ,grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland Australia
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Tarek S. El-Madany
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martha M. Farella
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XO’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Research Group Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Filippa
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Matthias Forkel
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Galvagno
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Aosta, Italy
| | - Ulisse Gomarasca
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Gough
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Mathias Göckede
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- grid.416835.d0000 0001 2222 0432Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Research Group Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Jung
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Trevor F. Keenan
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Alexander Knohl
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- grid.410588.00000 0001 2191 0132Research Institute for Global Change, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Guido Kraemer
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Remote Sensing Center for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.5338.d0000 0001 2173 938XImage Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Beverly E. Law
- grid.4391.f0000 0001 2112 1969Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Michael J. Liddell
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Centre for Tropical, Environmental, and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland Australia
| | - Xuanlong Ma
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Martini
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Craig Macfarlane
- grid.469914.70000 0004 0385 5215CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia Australia
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la BioEconomia (CNR – IBE), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- grid.34988.3e0000 0001 1482 2038Facoltà di Scienze e Tecnologie, Libera Universita’ di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy ,Forest Services of the Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Panigada
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Papale
- grid.12597.380000 0001 2298 9743Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elise Pendall
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales Australia
| | - Josep Penuelas
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.452388.00000 0001 0722 403XCREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard P. Phillips
- grid.411377.70000 0001 0790 959XDepartment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Peter B. Reich
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales Australia ,grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Micol Rossini
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Russell L. Scott
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608Southwest Watershed Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, AZ USA
| | - Clement Stahl
- INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Cirad, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Ulrich Weber
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Wohlfahrt
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J. Wright
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales Australia ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
| | - Dan Yakir
- grid.13992.300000 0004 0604 7563Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Reichstein
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ,grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-driven and Simulation Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
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7
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Bond‐Lamberty B, Christianson DS, Malhotra A, Pennington SC, Sihi D, AghaKouchak A, Anjileli H, Altaf Arain M, Armesto JJ, Ashraf S, Ataka M, Baldocchi D, Andrew Black T, Buchmann N, Carbone MS, Chang S, Crill P, Curtis PS, Davidson EA, Desai AR, Drake JE, El‐Madany TS, Gavazzi M, Görres C, Gough CM, Goulden M, Gregg J, Gutiérrez del Arroyo O, He J, Hirano T, Hopple A, Hughes H, Järveoja J, Jassal R, Jian J, Kan H, Kaye J, Kominami Y, Liang N, Lipson D, Macdonald CA, Maseyk K, Mathes K, Mauritz M, Mayes MA, McNulty S, Miao G, Migliavacca M, Miller S, Miniat CF, Nietz JG, Nilsson MB, Noormets A, Norouzi H, O’Connell CS, Osborne B, Oyonarte C, Pang Z, Peichl M, Pendall E, Perez‐Quezada JF, Phillips CL, Phillips RP, Raich JW, Renchon AA, Ruehr NK, Sánchez‐Cañete EP, Saunders M, Savage KE, Schrumpf M, Scott RL, Seibt U, Silver WL, Sun W, Szutu D, Takagi K, Takagi M, Teramoto M, Tjoelker MG, Trumbore S, Ueyama M, Vargas R, Varner RK, Verfaillie J, Vogel C, Wang J, Winston G, Wood TE, Wu J, Wutzler T, Zeng J, Zha T, Zhang Q, Zou J. COSORE: A community database for continuous soil respiration and other soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas flux data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7268-7283. [PMID: 33026137 PMCID: PMC7756728 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, soils store two to three times as much carbon as currently resides in the atmosphere, and it is critical to understand how soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake will respond to ongoing climate change. In particular, the soil-to-atmosphere CO2 flux, commonly though imprecisely termed soil respiration (RS ), is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the Earth system. An increasing number of high-frequency RS measurements (typically, from an automated system with hourly sampling) have been made over the last two decades; an increasing number of methane measurements are being made with such systems as well. Such high frequency data are an invaluable resource for understanding GHG fluxes, but lack a central database or repository. Here we describe the lightweight, open-source COSORE (COntinuous SOil REspiration) database and software, that focuses on automated, continuous and long-term GHG flux datasets, and is intended to serve as a community resource for earth sciences, climate change syntheses and model evaluation. Contributed datasets are mapped to a single, consistent standard, with metadata on contributors, geographic location, measurement conditions and ancillary data. The design emphasizes the importance of reproducibility, scientific transparency and open access to data. While being oriented towards continuously measured RS , the database design accommodates other soil-atmosphere measurements (e.g. ecosystem respiration, chamber-measured net ecosystem exchange, methane fluxes) as well as experimental treatments (heterotrophic only, etc.). We give brief examples of the types of analyses possible using this new community resource and describe its accompanying R software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | | | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Stephanie C. Pennington
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Debjani Sihi
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Present address:
Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Amir AghaKouchak
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Hassan Anjileli
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - M. Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Juan J. Armesto
- Departamento de EcologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ecología y BiodiversidadSantiagoChile
| | - Samaneh Ashraf
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Mioko Ataka
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUji CityKyotoJapan
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Thomas Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mariah S. Carbone
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Shih‐Chieh Chang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and SustainabilityNational Dong Hwa UniversityHualienTaiwan
| | - Patrick Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Peter S. Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Eric A. Davidson
- Appalachian LaboratoryUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - John E. Drake
- Sustainable Resources ManagementSUNY‐ESFSyracuseNYUSA
| | | | - Michael Gavazzi
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | | | | | | | - Jillian Gregg
- Sustainability Double Degree ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Jin‐Sheng He
- Institute of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Anya Hopple
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMDUSA
| | - Holly Hughes
- School of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MaineOronoMEUSA
| | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Rachhpal Jassal
- Faculty of Land and Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jinshi Jian
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Haiming Kan
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jason Kaye
- The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Yuji Kominami
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukuba‐cityJapan
| | - Naishen Liang
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - David Lipson
- Biology DepartmentSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Catriona A. Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Kadmiel Maseyk
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Kayla Mathes
- Integrated Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | | | - Melanie A. Mayes
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Steve McNulty
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Guofang Miao
- School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouP.R. China
| | | | - Scott Miller
- University at AlbanyState University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chelcy F. Miniat
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationCoweeta Hydrologic LabOttoNCUSA
| | - Jennifer G. Nietz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Asko Noormets
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Hamidreza Norouzi
- New York City College of Technology and the Graduate CenterThe City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christine S. O’Connell
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Environmental StudiesMacalester CollegeSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Bruce Osborne
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Zhuo Pang
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Jorge F. Perez‐Quezada
- Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural ResourcesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversitySantiagoChile
| | - Claire L. Phillips
- USDA Agricultural Research ServiceForage Seed and Cereal Research UnitCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - James W. Raich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Alexandre A. Renchon
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Nadine K. Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research–Atmospheric Environmental ResearchKIT‐Campus AlpinKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyGarmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Matthew Saunders
- School of Natural SciencesBotany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | | | | | - Ulli Seibt
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Whendee L. Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Wu Sun
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCAUSA
| | - Daphne Szutu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHoronobeJapan
| | | | - Munemasa Teramoto
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
- Present address:
Arid Land Research CenterTottori UniversityTottori680–0001Japan
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | | | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversitySakaiJapan
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Joseph Verfaillie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Greg Winston
- Department of Science, Engineering and MathematicsCypress CollegeCypressCAUSA
| | - Tana E. Wood
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical ForestryRío PiedrasPuerto Rico
| | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Jiye Zeng
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - Tianshan Zha
- School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingP.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhanP.R. China
| | - Junliang Zou
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
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8
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Geomatics and EO Data to Support Wildlife Diseases Assessment at Landscape Level: A Pilot Experience to Map Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Chamois and Phenological Trends in Aosta Valley (NW Italy). REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12213542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Geomatics and satellite remote sensing offer useful analysis tools for several technical-scientific fields. This work, with reference to a regional case of study, investigates remote sensing potentialities for describing relationships between environment and diseases affecting wildlife at landscape level in the light of climate change effects onto vegetation. Specifically, the infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) in Aosta Valley (NW Italy) was investigated at the regional level. IKC (Mycoplasma conjunctivae) is a contagious disease for domestic and wild ruminants (Caprinae and Ovinae). Two types of analysis were performed: one aimed at exploring by remotely sensed data phenological metrics (PMs) and evapotranspiration (ET) trends of vegetation in the area; one investigating the correlation between PMs and ET, versus IKC prevalence. The analysis was based on TERRA MODIS image time series ranging from 2000 to 2019. Ground data about IKC were available for a shorter time range: 2009–2019. Consequently, PMs and ET trend investigations were focused on the whole times range (2000–2019); conversely, correlation analysis was achieved with reference to the reduced 2009–2019 period. The whole study was based on freely available data from public archives. MODIS products, namely MOD13Q1 v.6 and MOD16A2, were used to derive PM and ET trends, respectively. Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Terrain Model (DTM) was used to describe local topography; CORINE Land Cover map was adopted to describe land use classes. PMs and ET (as derivable from EO data) proved to significantly changed their values in the last 20 years, with a continuous progressive trend. As far as correlation analysis was concerned, ET and some PMs (specifically, End of Season (EOS) and Length of Season (LOS) proved significantly condition IKC prevalence. According to results, the proposed methodology can be retained as an effective tool for supporting public health and eco-pathological sectors. Specifically, it can be intended for a continuous monitoring of effects that climatic dynamics determine onto wild animals in the Alpine area, included diseases and zoonosis, moving future environmental management and planning towards the One Health perspective.
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9
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Luo Y, El-Madany T, Ma X, Nair R, Jung M, Weber U, Filippa G, Bucher SF, Moreno G, Cremonese E, Carrara A, Gonzalez-Cascon R, Cáceres Escudero Y, Galvagno M, Pacheco-Labrador J, Martín MP, Perez-Priego O, Reichstein M, Richardson AD, Menzel A, Römermann C, Migliavacca M. Nutrients and water availability constrain the seasonality of vegetation activity in a Mediterranean ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4379-4400. [PMID: 32348631 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and resulting differences in ecosystem N and phosphorus (P) ratios are expected to impact photosynthetic capacity, that is, maximum gross primary productivity (GPPmax ). However, the interplay between N and P availability with other critical resources on seasonal dynamics of ecosystem productivity remains largely unknown. In a Mediterranean tree-grass ecosystem, we established three landscape-level (24 ha) nutrient addition treatments: N addition (NT), N and P addition (NPT), and a control site (CT). We analyzed the response of ecosystem to altered nutrient stoichiometry using eddy covariance fluxes measurements, satellite observations, and digital repeat photography. A set of metrics, including phenological transition dates (PTDs; timing of green-up and dry-down), slopes during green-up and dry-down period, and seasonal amplitude, were extracted from time series of GPPmax and used to represent the seasonality of vegetation activity. The seasonal amplitude of GPPmax was higher for NT and NPT than CT, which was attributed to changes in structure and physiology induced by fertilization. PTDs were mainly driven by rainfall and exhibited no significant differences among treatments during the green-up period. Yet, both fertilized sites senesced earlier during the dry-down period (17-19 days), which was more pronounced in the NT due to larger evapotranspiration and water usage. Fertilization also resulted in a faster increase in GPPmax during the green-up period and a sharper decline in GPPmax during the dry-down period, with less prominent decline response in NPT. Overall, we demonstrated seasonality of vegetation activity was altered after fertilization and the importance of nutrient-water interaction in such water-limited ecosystems. With the projected warming-drying trend, the positive effects of N fertilization induced by N deposition on GPPmax may be counteracted by an earlier and faster dry-down in particular in areas where the N:P ratio increases, with potential impact on the carbon cycle of water-limited ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Luo
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Tarek El-Madany
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Xuanlong Ma
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Nair
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Weber
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianluca Filippa
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Solveig F Bucher
- Plant Biodiversity Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerardo Moreno
- Institute for Dehesa Research, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Arnaud Carrara
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Spain
| | - Rosario Gonzalez-Cascon
- Department of Environment, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Galvagno
- Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, ARPA Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Javier Pacheco-Labrador
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - M Pilar Martín
- Environmental Remote Sensing and Spectroscopy Laboratory (SpecLab), Institute of Economic, Geography and Demography (IEGD-CCHS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Perez-Priego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew D Richardson
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Plant Biodiversity Group, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Michael-Stifel-Center Jena for Data-Driven and Simulation Science, Jena, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department for Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
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10
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Toda M, Doi K, Ishihara MI, Azuma WA, Yokozawa M. A Bayesian inversion framework to evaluate parameter and predictive inference of a simple soil respiration model in a cool-temperate forest in western Japan. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Text Mining in Remotely Sensed Phenology Studies: A Review on Research Development, Main Topics, and Emerging Issues. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11232751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As an interdisciplinary field of research, phenology is developing rapidly, and the contents of phenological research have become increasingly abundant. In addition, the potentiality of remote sensing technologies has largely contributed to the growth and complexity of this discipline, in terms of the scale of analysis, techniques of data processing, and a variety of topics. As a consequence, it is increasingly difficult for scientists to get a clear picture of remotely sensed phenology (rs+pheno) research. Bibliometric analysis is increasingly used for the study of a discipline and its conceptual dynamics. This review analyzed the last 40 years (1979–2018) of publications in the rs+pheno field retrieved from the Scopus database; such publications were investigated by means of a text mining approach, both in terms of bibliographic and text data. Results demonstrated that rs+pheno research is exponentially growing through time; however, it is primarily considered a subset of remote sensing science rather than a branch of phenology. In this framework, in the last decade, agriculture is becoming more and more a standalone science in rs+pheno research, independently from other related topics, e.g., classification. On the contrary, forestry struggles to gain its thematic role in rs+pheno studies and remains strictly connected with climate change issues. Classification and mapping represent the major rs+pheno topic, together with the extraction and the analysis of phenological metrics, like the start of the growing season. To the contrary, forest ecophysiology, in terms of ecosystem respiration and net ecosystem exchange, results as the most relevant new topic, together with the use of the red edge band and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data in rs+pheno agricultural studies. Some niche emerging rs+pheno topics may be recognized in the ocean and arctic investigations linked to phytoplankton blooming and ice cover dynamics. The findings of this study might be applicable for planning and managing remotely sensed phenology research; scientists involved in such discipline might use this study as a reference to consider their research domain in a broader dynamical network.
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12
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Albert LP, Restrepo-Coupe N, Smith MN, Wu J, Chavana-Bryant C, Prohaska N, Taylor TC, Martins GA, Ciais P, Mao J, Arain MA, Li W, Shi X, Ricciuto DM, Huxman TE, McMahon SM, Saleska SR. Cryptic phenology in plants: Case studies, implications, and recommendations. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3591-3608. [PMID: 31343099 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenology-the timing of cyclic or recurrent biological events in plants-offers insight into the ecology, evolution, and seasonality of plant-mediated ecosystem processes. Traditionally studied phenologies are readily apparent, such as flowering events, germination timing, and season-initiating budbreak. However, a broad range of phenologies that are fundamental to the ecology and evolution of plants, and to global biogeochemical cycles and climate change predictions, have been neglected because they are "cryptic"-that is, hidden from view (e.g., root production) or difficult to distinguish and interpret based on common measurements at typical scales of examination (e.g., leaf turnover in evergreen forests). We illustrate how capturing cryptic phenology can advance scientific understanding with two case studies: wood phenology in a deciduous forest of the northeastern USA and leaf phenology in tropical evergreen forests of Amazonia. Drawing on these case studies and other literature, we argue that conceptualizing and characterizing cryptic plant phenology is needed for understanding and accurate prediction at many scales from organisms to ecosystems. We recommend avenues of empirical and modeling research to accelerate discovery of cryptic phenological patterns, to understand their causes and consequences, and to represent these processes in terrestrial biosphere models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Albert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalia Restrepo-Coupe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- School of Life Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jin Wu
- Biological, Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York, NY, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cecilia Chavana-Bryant
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Neill Prohaska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tyeen C Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Giordane A Martins
- Ciências de Florestas Tropicais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences & McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Travis E Huxman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center for Environmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Institution's Forest Global Earth Observatory & Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Assimilation of Earth Observation Data Over Cropland and Grassland Sites into a Simple GPP Model. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of detailed process-oriented simulation models for gross primary production (GPP) estimation is constrained by the scarcity of the data needed for their parametrization. In this manuscript, we present the development and test of the assimilation of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observations into a simple process-based model driven by basic meteorological variables (i.e., global radiation, temperature, precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, all from global circulation models of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). The model is run at daily time-step using meteorological forcing and provides estimates of GPP and LAI, the latter used to simulate MODIS NDVI though the coupling with the radiative transfer model PROSAIL5B. Modelled GPP is compared with the remote sensing-driven MODIS GPP product (MOD17) and the quality of both estimates are assessed against GPP from European eddy covariance flux sites over crops and grasslands. Model performances in GPP estimation (R2 = 0.67, RMSE = 2.45 gC m−2 d−1, MBE = −0.16 gC m−2 d−1) were shown to outperform those of MOD17 for the investigated sites (R2 = 0.53, RMSE = 3.15 gC m−2 d−1, MBE = −1.08 gC m−2 d−1).
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14
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Keenan TF, Migliavacca M, Papale D, Baldocchi D, Reichstein M, Torn M, Wutzler T. Widespread inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:407-415. [PMID: 30742107 PMCID: PMC6421340 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The global land surface absorbs about a third of anthropogenic emissions each year, due to the difference between two key processes: ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Despite the importance of these two processes, it is not possible to measure either at the ecosystem scale during the daytime. Eddy-covariance measurements are widely used as the closest 'quasi-direct' ecosystem-scale observation from which to estimate ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Recent research, however, suggests that current estimates may be biased by up to 25%, due to a previously unaccounted for process: the inhibition of leaf respiration in the light. Yet the extent of inhibition remains debated, and implications for estimates of ecosystem-scale respiration and photosynthesis remain unquantified. Here, we quantify an apparent inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration across the global FLUXNET eddy-covariance network and identify a pervasive influence that varies by season and ecosystem type. We develop partitioning methods that can detect an apparent ecosystem-scale inhibition of daytime respiration and find that diurnal patterns of ecosystem respiration might be markedly different than previously thought. The results call for the re-evaluation of global terrestrial carbon cycle models and also suggest that current global estimates of photosynthesis and respiration may be biased, some on the order of magnitude of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | | - Dario Papale
- University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Margaret Torn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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15
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Using Near-Infrared-Enabled Digital Repeat Photography to Track Structural and Physiological Phenology in Mediterranean Tree–Grass Ecosystems. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree–grass ecosystems are widely distributed. However, their phenology has not yet been fully characterized. The technique of repeated digital photographs for plant phenology monitoring (hereafter referred as PhenoCam) provide opportunities for long-term monitoring of plant phenology, and extracting phenological transition dates (PTDs, e.g., start of the growing season). Here, we aim to evaluate the utility of near-infrared-enabled PhenoCam for monitoring the phenology of structure (i.e., greenness) and physiology (i.e., gross primary productivity—GPP) at four tree–grass Mediterranean sites. We computed four vegetation indexes (VIs) from PhenoCams: (1) green chromatic coordinates (GCC), (2) normalized difference vegetation index (CamNDVI), (3) near-infrared reflectance of vegetation index (CamNIRv), and (4) ratio vegetation index (CamRVI). GPP is derived from eddy covariance flux tower measurement. Then, we extracted PTDs and their uncertainty from different VIs and GPP. The consistency between structural (VIs) and physiological (GPP) phenology was then evaluated. CamNIRv is best at representing the PTDs of GPP during the Green-up period, while CamNDVI is best during the Dry-down period. Moreover, CamNIRv outperforms the other VIs in tracking growing season length of GPP. In summary, the results show it is promising to track structural and physiology phenology of seasonally dry Mediterranean ecosystem using near-infrared-enabled PhenoCam. We suggest using multiple VIs to better represent the variation of GPP.
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16
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Wertin TM, Young K, Reed SC. Spatially explicit patterns in a dryland's soil respiration and relationships with climate, whole plant photosynthesis and soil fertility. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Wertin
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center; Moab UT USA
- Carl R. Woese Inst. for Genomic Biology; Univ. of Illinois; 1206 W. Gregory Drive Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Kristina Young
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center; Moab UT USA
- School of Forestry; Northern Arizona Univ.; Flagstaff 86011 USA
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center; Moab UT USA
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17
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A Satellite-Based Model for Simulating Ecosystem Respiration in the Tibetan and Inner Mongolian Grasslands. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Li W, Bai Z, Jin C, Zhang X, Guan D, Wang A, Yuan F, Wu J. The influence of tree species on small scale spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration in a temperate mixed forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:242-248. [PMID: 28262364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration is the largest terrestrial carbon flux into the atmosphere, and different tree species could directly influence root derived respiration and indirectly regulate soil respiration rates by altering soil chemical and microbial properties. In this study, we assessed the small scale spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration and the microbial community below the canopy of three dominant tree species (Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), and Manchuria ash (Fraxinus mandshurica)) in a temperate mixed forest in Northeast China. Soil respiration differed significantly during several months and increased in the order of oak<ash<pine, while soil temperature was greater in the order of pine<oak<ash, suggesting that soil respiration variations among tree species were not mainly regulated by soil temperature. In addition, the lower N and higher C concentrations of pine litter resulted in a higher C/N ratio than ash and oak, which might lead to a higher recalcitrance and slower decomposition rate, and decreased heterotrophic respiration under pine. By contrast, fine root biomass was significantly higher under pine than ash and oak, which induced higher soil autotrophic respiration under pine compared to ash and oak. Tree species sharply regulated the bacterial communities through altering the litter and soil properties, while the fungal communities were relatively consistent among tree species. This study revealed the connection between species specific traits and soil respiration, which is crucial for understanding plant-soil feedbacks and improving forecasts of the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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19
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Spatio-Temporal Relationships between Optical Information and Carbon Fluxes in a Mediterranean Tree-Grass Ecosystem. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Du Q, Liu H, Xu L. Evaluating of simulated carbon flux phenology over a cropland ecosystem in a semiarid area of China with SiBcrop. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:247-258. [PMID: 27378281 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cropland ecosystem in semiarid areas is sensitive to climate change. The accurate representation of crop phenology is important for predicting the carbon and water exchange process. The performance of a newly developed phenological model (SiBcrop) for simulations of carbon flux phenology in a semiarid area ecosystem was evaluated. The results showed that the SiBcrop improved the prediction for daily maximum gross primary production (GPP), and the days GPP reached the maximum value were closer to the observation, compared to SiB3. SiBcrop had a better prediction for both monthly total net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the growing season than in the dormant season in semiarid areas. The day when the cumulative NEE predicted with SiBcrop became positive was closer to the observation. The observed start date of carbon uptake (CUstart) had a larger annual variation than did the end date of carbon uptake (CUend). SiBcrop had a better prediction for CUstart but poor for CUend, compared to SiB3. There was a longer carbon uptake period (CUP) predicted with SiBcrop than the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lujun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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21
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Understanding Forest Health with Remote Sensing -Part I—A Review of Spectral Traits, Processes and Remote-Sensing Characteristics. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Chen J, Wang Q, Li M, Liu F, Li W. Does the different photosynthetic pathway of plants affect soil respiration in a subtropical wetland? Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8010-8017. [PMID: 27878073 PMCID: PMC5108253 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants with different photosynthetic pathways could produce different amounts and types of root exudates and debris which may affect soil respiration rates. Therefore, wetland vegetation succession between plants with different photosynthetic pathways may ultimately influence the wetland carbon budget. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has the largest floodplain wetland group in China. Tian'e Zhou wetland reserve (29°48'N, 112°33′E) is located in Shishou city, Hubei province and covers about 77.5 square kilometers. Hemathria altissima (C4) was found gradually being replaced by Carex argyi (C3) for several years in this place. An in situ experiment was conducted in Tian'e Zhou wetland to determine the change of soil respiration as the succession proceeds. Soil respiration, substrate‐induced respiration, and bacterial respiration of the C4 species was greater than those of the C3 species, but below‐ground biomass and fungal respiration of the C4 species was less than that of the C3 species. There were no significant differences in above‐ground biomass between the two species. Due to the higher photosynthesis capability, higher soil respiration and lower total plant biomass, we inferred that the C4 species, H. altissima, may transport more photosynthate below‐ground as a substrate for respiration. The photosynthetic pathway of plants might therefore play an important role in regulating soil respiration. As C. argyi replaces H. altissima, the larger plant biomass and lower soil respiration would indicate that the wetland in this area could fix more carbon in the soil than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China; Institute of Soil & Fertilizer and Resources & Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Qiulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China; Jiangxi Academy of Sciences Nanchang Jiangxi China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan Hubei China
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23
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Abstract
A growing literature is reporting on how the terrestrial carbon cycle is experiencing year-to-year variability because of climate anomalies and trends caused by global change. As CO
2 concentration records in the atmosphere exceed 50 years and as satellite records reach over 30 years in length, we are becoming better able to address carbon cycle variability and trends. Here we review how variable the carbon cycle is, how large the trends in its gross and net fluxes are, and how well the signal can be separated from noise. We explore mechanisms that explain year-to-year variability and trends by deconstructing the global carbon budget. The CO
2 concentration record is detecting a significant increase in the seasonal amplitude between 1958 and now. Inferential methods provide a variety of explanations for this result, but a conclusive attribution remains elusive. Scientists have reported that this trend is a consequence of the greening of the biosphere, stronger northern latitude photosynthesis, more photosynthesis by semi-arid ecosystems, agriculture and the green revolution, tropical temperature anomalies, or increased winter respiration. At the global scale, variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle can be due to changes in constituent fluxes, gross primary productivity, plant respiration and heterotrophic (microbial) respiration, and losses due to fire, land use change, soil erosion, or harvesting. It remains controversial whether or not there is a significant trend in global primary productivity (due to rising CO
2, temperature, nitrogen deposition, changing land use, and preponderance of wet and dry regions). The degree to which year-to-year variability in temperature and precipitation anomalies affect global primary productivity also remains uncertain. For perspective, interannual variability in global gross primary productivity is relatively small (on the order of 2 Pg-C y
-1) with respect to a large and uncertain background (123 +/- 4 Pg-C y
-1), and detected trends in global primary productivity are even smaller (33 Tg-C y
-2). Yet residual carbon balance methods infer that the terrestrial biosphere is experiencing a significant and growing carbon sink. Possible explanations for this large and growing net land sink include roles of land use change and greening of the land, regional enhancement of photosynthesis, and down regulation of plant and soil respiration with warming temperatures. Longer time series of variables needed to provide top-down and bottom-up assessments of the carbon cycle are needed to resolve these pressing and unresolved issues regarding how, why, and at what rates gross and net carbon fluxes are changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, South
| | - Trevor Keenan
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Cleverly J, Eamus D, Restrepo Coupe N, Chen C, Maes W, Li L, Faux R, Santini NS, Rumman R, Yu Q, Huete A. Soil moisture controls on phenology and productivity in a semi-arid critical zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:1227-1237. [PMID: 27241203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's Critical Zone, where physical, chemical and biological systems interact, extends from the top of the canopy to the underlying bedrock. In this study, we investigated soil moisture controls on phenology and productivity of an Acacia woodland in semi-arid central Australia. Situated on an extensive sand plain with negligible runoff and drainage, the carry-over of soil moisture content (θ) in the rhizosphere enabled the delay of phenology and productivity across seasons, until conditions were favourable for transpiration of that water to prevent overheating in the canopy. Storage of soil moisture near the surface (in the top few metres) was promoted by a siliceous hardpan. Pulsed recharge of θ above the hardpan was rapid and depended upon precipitation amount: 150mm storm(-1) resulted in saturation of θ above the hardpan (i.e., formation of a temporary, discontinuous perched aquifer above the hardpan in unconsolidated soil) and immediate carbon uptake by the vegetation. During dry and inter-storm periods, we inferred the presence of hydraulic lift from soil storage above the hardpan to the surface due to (i) regular daily drawdown of θ in the reservoir that accumulates above the hardpan in the absence of drainage and evapotranspiration; (ii) the dimorphic root distribution wherein most roots were found in dry soil near the surface, but with significant root just above the hardpan; and (iii) synchronisation of phenology amongst trees and grasses in the dry season. We propose that hydraulic redistribution provides a small amount of moisture that maintains functioning of the shallow roots during long periods when the surface soil layer was dry, thereby enabling Mulga to maintain physiological activity without diminishing phenological and physiological responses to precipitation when conditions were favourable to promote canopy cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Cleverly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Australian SuperSite Network, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NS 2007, Australia.
| | - Derek Eamus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Australian SuperSite Network, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NS 2007, Australia
| | - Natalia Restrepo Coupe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Chao Chen
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, PMB 5, PO Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Wouter Maes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Longhui Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ralph Faux
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nadia S Santini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rizwana Rumman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alfredo Huete
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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25
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Han J, Li L, Chu H, Miao Y, Chen S, Chen J. The effects of grazing and watering on ecosystem CO2 fluxes vary by community phenology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 144:64-71. [PMID: 26386629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Grazing profoundly influences vegetation and the subsequent carbon fluxes in various ecosystems. However, little effort has been made to explore the underlying mechanisms for phenological changes and their consequences on carbon fluxes at ecosystem level, especially under the coupled influences of human disturbances and climate change. Here, a manipulative experiment (2012-2013) was conducted to examine both the independent and interactive effects of grazing and watering on carbon fluxes across phenological phases in a desert steppe. Grazing advanced or delayed phenological timing, leading to a shortened green-up phase (GrP: 23.60 days) in 2013 and browning phase (BrP: 12.48 days) in 2012 from high grazing, and insignificant effects on the reproductive phase (ReP) in either year. High grazing significantly enhance carbon uptake, while light grazing reduce carbon uptake in ReP. Watering only delayed the browning time by 5.01 days in 2013, producing no significant effects on any phenophase. Watering promoted the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) only in the GrP. When calculating the yearly differences in phenophases and the corresponding carbon fluxes, we found that an extended GrP greatly enhanced NEE, but a prolonged ReP distinctly reduced it. The extended GrP also significantly promote GEP. Increases in growing season length appeared promoting ER, regardless of any phenophase. Additionally, the shifts in NEE appeared dependent of the variations in leaf area index (LAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Han
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Linghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Housen Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuan Miao
- China and State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Shiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- CGCEO/Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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26
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Food Web Structure in Temporally-Forced Ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:662-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Yan W, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Fan Y, Shi P, He Y, Yu G, Li Y. Modeling net ecosystem carbon exchange of alpine grasslands with a satellite-driven model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122486. [PMID: 25849325 PMCID: PMC4388705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimate of net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems, the balance of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) has significant importance for studying the regional and global carbon cycles. Using models driven by satellite data and climatic data is a promising approach to estimate NEE at regional scales. For this purpose, we proposed a semi-empirical model to estimate NEE in this study. In our model, the component GPP was estimated with a light response curve of a rectangular hyperbola. The component Reco was estimated with an exponential function of soil temperature. To test the feasibility of applying our model at regional scales, the temporal variations in the model parameters derived from NEE observations in an alpine grassland ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau were investigated. The results indicated that all the inverted parameters exhibit apparent seasonality, which is in accordance with air temperature and canopy phenology. In addition, all the parameters have significant correlations with the remote sensed vegetation indexes or environment temperature. With parameters estimated with these correlations, the model illustrated fair accuracy both in the validation years and at another alpine grassland ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau. Our results also indicated that the model prediction was less accurate in drought years, implying that soil moisture is an important factor affecting the model performance. Incorporating soil water content into the model would be a critical step for the improvement of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Zhongmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuzhi Fan
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peili Shi
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingnian Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
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