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Münzbergová Z, Šurinová M, Biscarini F, Níčová E. Genetic response of a perennial grass to warm and wet environments interacts and is associated with trait means as well as plasticity. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:704-716. [PMID: 38761114 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The potential for rapid evolution is an important mechanism allowing species to adapt to changing climatic conditions. Although such potential has been largely studied in various short-lived organisms, to what extent we can observe similar patterns in long-lived plant species, which often dominate natural systems, is largely unexplored. We explored the potential for rapid evolution in Festuca rubra, a long-lived grass with extensive clonal growth dominating in alpine grasslands. We used a field sowing experiment simulating expected climate change in our model region. Specifically, we exposed seeds from five independent seed sources to novel climatic conditions by shifting them along a natural climatic grid and explored the genetic profiles of established seedlings after 3 years. Data on genetic profiles of plants selected under different novel conditions indicate that different climate shifts select significantly different pools of genotypes from common seed pools. Increasing soil moisture was more important than increasing temperature or the interaction of the two climatic factors in selecting pressure. This can indicate negative genetic interaction in response to the combined effects or that the effects of different climates are interactive rather than additive. The selected alleles were found in genomic regions, likely affecting the function of specific genes or their expression. Many of these were also linked to morphological traits (mainly to trait plasticity), suggesting these changes may have a consequence on plant performance. Overall, these data indicate that even long-lived plant species may experience strong selection by climate, and their populations thus have the potential to rapidly adapt to these novel conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Šurinová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Biscarini
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Níčová
- Department of Population Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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2
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Lin S, Hu C, Lin Z, Hu Z. Bayesian estimation of the measurement of interactions in epidemiological studies. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17128. [PMID: 38562994 PMCID: PMC10984183 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction identification is important in epidemiological studies and can be detected by including a product term in the model. However, as Rothman noted, a product term in exponential models may be regarded as multiplicative rather than additive to better reflect biological interactions. Currently, the additive interaction is largely measured by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and the synergy index (S), and confidence intervals are developed via frequentist approaches. However, few studies have focused on the same issue from a Bayesian perspective. The present study aims to provide a Bayesian view of the estimation and credible intervals of the additive interaction measures. Methods Bayesian logistic regression was employed, and estimates and credible intervals were calculated from posterior samples of the RERI, AP and S. Since Bayesian inference depends only on posterior samples, it is very easy to apply this method to preventive factors. The validity of the proposed method was verified by comparing the Bayesian method with the delta and bootstrap approaches in simulation studies with example data. Results In all the simulation studies, the Bayesian estimates were very close to the corresponding true values. Due to the skewness of the interaction measures, compared with the confidence intervals of the delta method, the credible intervals of the Bayesian approach were more balanced and matched the nominal 95% level. Compared with the bootstrap method, the Bayesian method appeared to be a competitive alternative and fared better when small sample sizes were used. Conclusions The proposed Bayesian method is a competitive alternative to other methods. This approach can assist epidemiologists in detecting additive-scale interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chanchan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, FuZhou, Fujian, China
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3
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Dahle IJ, Gya R, Töpper JP, Vandvik V. Are sub-alpine species' seedling emergence and establishment in the alpine limited by climate or biotic interactions? Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11009. [PMID: 38352204 PMCID: PMC10862170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the ways in which plants are responding to climate change is by shifting their ranges to higher elevations. Early life-history stages are major bottlenecks for species' range shifts, and variation in seedling emergence and establishment success can therefore be important determinants of species' ability to establish at higher elevations. Previous studies have found that warming per se tends to not only increase seedling establishment in alpine climates but it also increases plant productivity, which could limit establishment success through increased competition for light. Here we disentangle the relative importance of several climate-related abiotic and biotic factors on sub-alpine species' seedling emergence and survival in the alpine. Specifically, we test how temperature, precipitation and competition from neighbouring vegetation impacts establishment, and also whether species' functional traits, or strategies impact their ability to colonise alpine locations. We found that our six sub-alpine study species were all able to recruit from seed in alpine locations under the extant alpine climate, but their emergence was limited by competition from neighbouring vegetation. This indicates that biotic interactions can hinder the range shifts expected as a result of climate warming. Species with a resource conservative strategy had higher emergence in the extant alpine climate than species with a resource acquisitive strategy, and they were largely unaffected by changes in temperature. The resource acquisitive species, in contrast, had faster emergence under warming, especially when they were released from competition from neighbouring vegetation. Our results indicate that competition from the established vegetation is limiting the spread of lowland species into the alpine, and as the climate continues to warm, species with resource acquisitive traits might gain an advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid J. Dahle
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | - Ragnhild Gya
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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4
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Walter JA, Reuman DC, Hall KR, Shugart HH, Shoemaker LG. Seasonality in Environment and Population Processes Alters Population Spatial Synchrony. Am Nat 2023; 202:399-412. [PMID: 37792915 DOI: 10.1086/725804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractPopulation spatial synchrony-the tendency for temporal population fluctuations to be correlated across locations-is common and important to metapopulation stability and persistence. One common cause of spatial synchrony, termed the Moran effect, occurs when populations respond to environmental fluctuations, such as weather, that are correlated over space. Although the degree of spatial synchrony in environmental fluctuations can differ between seasons and different population processes occur in different seasons, the impact on population spatial synchrony is uncertain because prior work has largely assumed that the spatial synchrony of environmental fluctuations and their effect on populations are consistent over annual sampling intervals. We used theoretical models to examine how seasonality in population processes and the spatial synchrony of environmental drivers affect population spatial synchrony. We found that population spatial synchrony can depend not only on the spatial synchrony of environmental drivers but also on the degree to which environmental fluctuations are correlated across seasons, locally, and across space. Moreover, measurements of synchrony from "snapshot" population censuses may not accurately reflect synchrony during other parts of the year. Together, these results show that neglecting seasonality in environmental conditions and population processes is consequential for understanding population spatial synchrony and its driving mechanisms.
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5
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Keetz LT, Lieungh E, Karimi-Asli K, Geange SR, Gelati E, Tang H, Yilmaz YA, Aas KS, Althuizen IHJ, Bryn A, Falk S, Fisher R, Fouilloux A, Horvath P, Indrehus S, Lee H, Lombardozzi D, Parmentier FJW, Pirk N, Vandvik V, Vollsnes AV, Skarpaas O, Stordal F, Tallaksen LM. Climate-ecosystem modelling made easy: The Land Sites Platform. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4440-4452. [PMID: 37303068 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state-of-the-art process-based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single-site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version-controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site-level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo-ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse T Keetz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Lieungh
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sonya R Geange
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hui Tang
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yeliz A Yilmaz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil S Aas
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge H J Althuizen
- Division of Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Bryn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Falk
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosie Fisher
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter Horvath
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanna Lee
- Division of Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pirk
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane V Vollsnes
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Skarpaas
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Stordal
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Conquet E, Ozgul A, Blumstein DT, Armitage KB, Oli MK, Martin JGA, Clutton-Brock TH, Paniw M. Demographic consequences of changes in environmental periodicity. Ecology 2023; 104:e3894. [PMID: 36208282 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The fate of natural populations is mediated by complex interactions among vital rates, which can vary within and among years. Although the effects of random, among-year variation in vital rates have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about how periodic, nonrandom variation in vital rates affects populations. This knowledge gap is potentially alarming as global environmental change is projected to alter common periodic variations, such as seasonality. We investigated the effects of changes in vital-rate periodicity on populations of three species representing different forms of adaptation to periodic environments: the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventer), adapted to strong seasonality in snowfall; the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), adapted to inter-annual stochasticity as well as seasonal patterns in rainfall; and the dewy pine (Drosophyllum lusitanicum), adapted to fire regimes and periodic post-fire habitat succession. To assess how changes in periodicity affect population growth, we parameterized periodic matrix population models and projected population dynamics under different scenarios of perturbations in the strength of vital-rate periodicity. We assessed the effects of such perturbations on various metrics describing population dynamics, including the stochastic growth rate, log λS . Overall, perturbing the strength of periodicity had strong effects on population dynamics in all three study species. For the marmots, log λS decreased with increased seasonal differences in adult survival. For the meerkats, density dependence buffered the effects of perturbations of periodicity on log λS . Finally, dewy pines were negatively affected by changes in natural post-fire succession under stochastic or periodic fire regimes with fires occurring every 30 years, but were buffered by density dependence from such changes under presumed more frequent fires or large-scale disturbances. We show that changes in the strength of vital-rate periodicity can have diverse but strong effects on population dynamics across different life histories. Populations buffered from inter-annual vital-rate variation can be affected substantially by changes in environmentally driven vital-rate periodic patterns; however, the effects of such changes can be masked in analyses focusing on inter-annual variation. As most ecosystems are affected by periodic variations in the environment such as seasonality, assessing their contributions to population viability for future global-change research is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Conquet
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth B Armitage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Madan K Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julien G A Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tim H Clutton-Brock
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Kalahari Research Trust, Kuruman River Reserve, Northern Cape, South Africa.,Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Conservation and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
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7
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Zhao X, Lei M, Wei C, Guo X. Assessing the suitable regions and the key factors for three Cd-accumulating plants (Sedum alfredii, Phytolacca americana, and Hylotelephium spectabile) in China using MaxEnt model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158202. [PMID: 36028024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an effective way to remove metals from contaminated soil, and selecting remediation plants suitable for climate conditions is a prerequisite for effective phytoremediation. In this study, a MaxEnt model was applied to investigate the potential distribution and habitat suitability of three Cd-accumulating plants in China- Sedum alfredii, Phytolacca americana, and Hylotelephium spectabile and explore the key environmental factors that affect their habitat suitability. A total of 44 environmental parameters, including bioclimatic variables, altitude, and soil property parameters were used. The results showed that: (1) For S. alfredii, suitable areas account for 14.9 % of the area of China, which are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. (2) The suitable areas of P. americana account for 22.7 % of China and are mainly located in the regions of the Qinling Mountains and the south of China. (3) While that for H. spectabile are mainly located in the regions of northeastern China and certain regions of central China, with suitable areas account for 8.3 % of the area of China. (4) The distribution of these three plants is significantly affected by precipitation; specifically, solar radiation is an influential factor for the distribution of S. alfredii and H. spectabile, and temperature limits the distribution of P. americana. The selection and agronomic management of hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation requires multifactor consideration (e.g., climate, soil conditions and planting patterns). The results can provide guidance for identifying suitable areas for planting these three accumulating plants, which could not only prevent the unscientific cultivation of them in unsuitable habitats but also enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation. Meanwhile, these findings are expected to contribute to agronomic management for improved phytoremediation effects in different Cd-contaminated regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Lei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Changhe Wei
- School of Mining and Geomatics Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Fernández-Fernández P, Sanczuk P, Vanneste T, Brunet J, Ehrlén J, Hedwall PO, Hylander K, Van Den Berge S, Verheyen K, De Frenne P. Different effects of warming treatments in forests versus hedgerows on the understorey plant Geum urbanum. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:734-744. [PMID: 35322913 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of hedgerows as functional corridors in the face of climate warming has been little researched. Here we investigated the effects of warming temperatures on plant performance and population growth of Geum urbanum in forests versus hedgerows in two European temperate regions. Adult individuals were transplanted in three forest-hedgerow pairs in each of two different latitudes, and an experimental warming treatment using open-top chambers was used in a full factorial design. Plant performance was analysed using mixed models and population performance was analysed using Integral Projection Models and elasticity analyses. Temperature increases due to open-top chamber installation were higher in forests than in hedgerows. In forests, the warming treatment had a significant negative effect on the population growth rate of G. urbanum. In contrast, no significant effect of the warming treatment on population dynamics was detected in hedgerows. Overall, the highest population growth rates were found in the forest control sites, which was driven by a higher fecundity rather than a higher survival probability. Effects of warming treatments on G. urbanum population growth rates differed between forests and hedgerows. In forests, warming treatments negatively affected population growth, but not in hedgerows. This could be a consequence of the overall lower warming achieved in hedgerows. We conclude that maintenance of cooler forest microclimates coul, at least temporarily, moderate the species response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernández-Fernández
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - P Sanczuk
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - T Vanneste
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - J Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, SLU Alnarp, Lomma, Sweden
| | - J Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plan Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P-O Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, SLU Alnarp, Lomma, Sweden
| | - K Hylander
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plan Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Van Den Berge
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - K Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - P De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
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9
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Vandvik V, Althuizen IHJ, Jaroszynska F, Krüger LC, Lee H, Goldberg DE, Klanderud K, Olsen SL, Telford RJ, Östman SAH, Busca S, Dahle IJ, Egelkraut DD, Geange SR, Gya R, Lynn JS, Meineri E, Young S, Halbritter AH. The role of plant functional groups mediating climate impacts on carbon and biodiversity of alpine grasslands. Sci Data 2022; 9:451. [PMID: 35902592 PMCID: PMC9332099 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant removal experiments allow assessment of the role of biotic interactions among species or functional groups in community assembly and ecosystem functioning. When replicated along climate gradients, they can assess changes in interactions among species or functional groups with climate. Across twelve sites in the Vestland Climate Grid (VCG) spanning 4 °C in growing season temperature and 2000 mm in mean annual precipitation across boreal and alpine regions of Western Norway, we conducted a fully factorial plant functional group removal experiment (graminoids, forbs, bryophytes). Over six years, we recorded biomass removed, soil microclimate, plant community composition and structure, seedling recruitment, ecosystem carbon fluxes, and reflectance in 384 experimental and control plots. The dataset consists of 5,412 biomass records, 360 species-level biomass records, 1,084,970 soil temperature records, 4,771 soil moisture records, 17,181 plant records covering 206 taxa, 16,656 seedling records, 3,696 ecosystem carbon flux measurements, and 1,244 reflectance measurements. The data can be combined with longer-term climate data and plant population, community, ecosystem, and functional trait data collected within the VCG. Measurement(s) | vegetation layer • ecosystem-wide respiration • ecosystem-wide photosynthesis • seedling development stage • temperature of soil • plant functional group biomass • volumetric soil moisture • reflectance spectrum | Technology Type(s) | Visual species identification and cover estimation • Licor gas analyzer • Visual species identification and estimation • ibutton temperature logger • Analytical Balance • SM300 soil mositure probe, Delta-T • GreenSeeker/Normalized Difference Vegetation Index measurements | Factor Type(s) | temperature • precipitation • Plant functional type composition | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Embryophyta | Sample Characteristic - Environment | alpine tundra biome | Sample Characteristic - Location | Vestlandet Region |
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. .,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Inge H J Althuizen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francesca Jaroszynska
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Office Français de la Biodiversité, Pérols, France
| | - Linn C Krüger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanna Lee
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Deborah E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Siri L Olsen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard J Telford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje A H Östman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sara Busca
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid J Dahle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dagmar D Egelkraut
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonya R Geange
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Gya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Josh S Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eric Meineri
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | | | - Aud H Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Climate change and grassland management interactively influence the population dynamics of Bromus erectus (Poaceae). Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Garnier S, Giordanengo E, Saatkamp A, Santonja M, Reiter IM, Orts JP, Gauquelin T, Meineri E. Amplified drought induced by climate change reduces seedling emergence and increases seedling mortality for two Mediterranean perennial herbs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16143-16152. [PMID: 34824817 PMCID: PMC8601912 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedling recruitment is a bottleneck for population dynamics and range shift. The vital rates linked to recruitment by seed are impacted by amplified drought induced by climate change. In the Mediterranean region, autumn and winter seedling emergence and mortality may have strong impact on the overall seedling recruitment. However, studies focusing on the temporal dynamic of recruitment during these seasons are rare. This study was performed in a deciduous Mediterranean oak forest located in southern France and quantifies the impact of amplified drought conditions on autumn and winter seedling emergence and seedling mortality rates of two herbaceous plant species with meso-Mediterranean and supra-Mediterranean distribution (respectively, Silene italica and Silene nutans). Seedlings were followed from October 2019 to May 2020 in both undisturbed and disturbed plots where the litter and the aboveground biomass have been removed to create open microsites. Amplified drought conditions reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality for both Silene species but these negative effects were dependent on soil disturbance conditions. Emergence of S. italica decreased only in undisturbed plots (-7%) whereas emergence of S. nutans decreased only in disturbed plots (-10%) under amplified drought conditions. The seedling mortality rate of S. italica was 51% higher under amplified drought conditions in undisturbed plots while that of S. nutans was 38% higher in disturbed plots. Aridification due to lower precipitation in the Mediterranean region will negatively impact the seedling recruitment of these two Silene species. Climate change effects on early vital rates may likely have major negative impacts on the overall population dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzon Garnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Emma Giordanengo
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Arne Saatkamp
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Santonja
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | | | | | | | - Eric Meineri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Univ CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
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12
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Lubbe FC, Klimešová J, Henry HAL. Winter belowground: Changing winters and the perennating organs of herbaceous plants. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Praha 2 Czech Republic
| | - Hugh A. L. Henry
- Department of Biology University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
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13
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Lynn JS, Miller TEX, Rudgers JA. Mammalian herbivores restrict the altitudinal range limits of alpine plants. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1930-1942. [PMID: 34174002 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although rarely experimentally tested, biotic interactions have long been hypothesised to limit low-elevation range boundaries of species. We tested the effects of herbivory on three alpine-restricted plant species by transplanting plants below (novel), at the edge (limit), or in the centre (core) of their current elevational range and factorially fencing-out above- and belowground mammals. Herbivore damage was greater in range limit and novel habitats than in range cores. Exclosures increased plant biomass and reproduction more in novel habitats than in range cores, suggesting demographic costs of novel interactions with herbivores. We then used demographic models to project population growth rates, which increased 5-20% more under herbivore exclosure at range limit and novel sites than in core habitats. Our results identify mammalian herbivores as key drivers of the low-elevation range limits of alpine plants and indicate that upward encroachment of herbivores could trigger local extinctions by depressing plant population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Lynn
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences & Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom E X Miller
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
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14
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Münzbergová Z, Vandvik V, Hadincová V. Evolutionary Rescue as a Mechanism Allowing a Clonal Grass to Adapt to Novel Climates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:659479. [PMID: 34079569 PMCID: PMC8166245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.659479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Filing gaps in our understanding of species' abilities to adapt to novel climates is a key challenge for predicting future range shifts and biodiversity loss. Key knowledge gaps are related to the potential for evolutionary rescue in response to climate, especially in long-lived clonally reproducing species. We illustrate a novel approach to assess the potential for evolutionary rescue using a combination of reciprocal transplant experiment in the field to assess performance under a changing climate and independent growth chamber assays to assess growth- and physiology-related plant trait maxima and plasticities of the same clones. We use a clonal grass, Festuca rubra, as a model species. We propagated individual clones and used them in a transplant experiment across broad-scale temperature and precipitation gradients, simulating the projected direction of climate change in the region. Independent information on trait maxima and plasticities of the same clones was obtained by cultivating them in four growth chambers representing climate extremes. Plant survival was affected by interaction between plant traits and climate change, with both trait plasticities and maxima being important for adaptation to novel climates. Key traits include plasticity in extravaginal ramets, aboveground biomass, and osmotic potential. The direction of selection in response to a given climatic change detected in this study mostly contradicted the natural trait clines indicating that short-term selection pressure as identified here does not match long-term selection outcomes. Long-lived clonal species exposed to different climatic changes are subjected to consistent selection pressures on key traits, a necessary condition for adaptation to novel conditions. This points to evolutionary rescue as an important mechanism for dealing with climate change in these species. Our experimental approach may be applied also in other model systems broadening our understanding of evolutionary rescue. Such knowledge cannot be easily deduced from observing the existing field clines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Münzbergová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Lynn JS, Klanderud K, Telford RJ, Goldberg DE, Vandvik V. Macroecological context predicts species' responses to climate warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2088-2101. [PMID: 33511713 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Context-dependencies in species' responses to the same climate change frustrate attempts to generalize and make predictions based on experimental and observational approaches in biodiversity science. Here, we propose predictability may be enhanced by explicitly incorporating macroecological context into analyses of species' responses to climate manipulations. We combined vascular plant species' responses to an 8-year, 12-site turf transplant climate change experiment set in southwestern Norway with climate niche data from the observed 151 species. We used the difference between a species' mean climate across their range and climate conditions at the transplant site ("climate differences") to predict colonization probability, extinction probability, and change in abundance of a species at a site. In analyses across species that ignore species-specific patterns, colonization success increased as species' distribution optima were increasingly warmer than the experimental target site. Extinction probability increased as species' distribution optima were increasingly colder than the target site. These patterns were reflected in change in abundance analyses. We found weak responses to increased precipitation in these oceanic climates. Climate differences were better predictors of species' responses to climate manipulations than range size. Interestingly, similar patterns were found when analyses focused on variation in species-specific responses across sites. These results provide an experimental underpinning to observational studies that report thermophilization of communities and suggest that space-for-time substitutions may be valid for predicting species' responses to climate warming, given other conditions are accounted for (e.g., soil nutrients). Finally, we suggest that this method of putting climate change experiments into macroecological context has the potential to generalize and predict species' responses to climate manipulations globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Richard J Telford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Deborah E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Vandvik V, Skarpaas O, Klanderud K, Telford RJ, Halbritter AH, Goldberg DE. Biotic rescaling reveals importance of species interactions for variation in biodiversity responses to climate change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22858-22865. [PMID: 32868426 PMCID: PMC7502702 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003377117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Generality in understanding biodiversity responses to climate change has been hampered by substantial variation in the rates and even directions of response to a given change in climate. We propose that such context dependencies can be clarified by rescaling climate gradients in terms of the underlying biological processes, with biotic interactions as a particularly important process. We tested this rescaling approach in a replicated field experiment where entire montane grassland communities were transplanted in the direction of expected temperature and/or precipitation change. In line with earlier work, we found considerable variation across sites in community dynamics in response to climate change. However, these complex context dependencies could be substantially reduced or eliminated by rescaling climate drivers in terms of proxies of plant-plant interactions. Specifically, bryophytes limited colonization by new species into local communities, whereas the cover of those colonists, along with bryophytes, were the primary drivers of local extinctions. These specific interactions are relatively understudied, suggesting important directions for future work in similar systems. More generally, the success of our approach in explaining and simplifying landscape-level variation in climate change responses suggests that developing and testing proxies for relevant underlying processes could be a fruitful direction for building more general models of biodiversity response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway;
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Skarpaas
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Oslo, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Richard J Telford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aud H Halbritter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Deborah E Goldberg
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104
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17
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Plant traits and vegetation data from climate warming experiments along an 1100 m elevation gradient in Gongga Mountains, China. Sci Data 2020; 7:189. [PMID: 32561854 PMCID: PMC7305152 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional trait data enhance climate change research by linking climate change, biodiversity response, and ecosystem functioning, and by enabling comparison between systems sharing few taxa. Across four sites along a 3000–4130 m a.s.l. gradient spanning 5.3 °C in growing season temperature in Mt. Gongga, Sichuan, China, we collected plant functional trait and vegetation data from control plots, open top chambers (OTCs), and reciprocally transplanted vegetation turfs. Over five years, we recorded vascular plant composition in 140 experimental treatment and control plots. We collected trait data associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N and P content and C and N isotopes) from local populations and from experimental treatments. The database consists of 6,671 plant records and 36,743 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 500%) covering 11 traits and 193 plant taxa (ca. 50% of which have no previous published trait data) across 37 families. Measurement(s) | leaf growth and development trait • Abundance • leaf area trait • leaf composition trait • leaf morphology trait • Vascular Plant • total biomass yield • climate | Technology Type(s) | balance • visual observation method • Scanner Device • leaf stoichiometry and isotope assays • weather station | Factor Type(s) | plants • temperature • plant functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, leaf size, leaf thickness) • type of treatment (e.g in situ warming experiments using an Open Top Chamber) | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Tracheophyta | Sample Characteristic - Environment | area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation | Sample Characteristic - Location | Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12033786
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18
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Oldfather MF, Kling MM, Sheth SN, Emery NC, Ackerly DD. Range edges in heterogeneous landscapes: Integrating geographic scale and climate complexity into range dynamics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1055-1067. [PMID: 31674701 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change have re-energized interest in understanding the role of climate in setting species geographic range edges. Despite the strong focus on species' distributions in ecology and evolution, defining a species range edge is theoretically and empirically difficult. The challenge of determining a range edge and its relationship to climate is in part driven by the nested nature of geography and the multidimensionality of climate, which together generate complex patterns of both climate and biotic distributions across landscapes. Because range-limiting processes occur in both geographic and climate space, the relationship between these two spaces plays a critical role in setting range limits. With both conceptual and empirical support, we argue that three factors-climate heterogeneity, collinearity among climate variables, and spatial scale-interact to shape the spatial structure of range edges along climate gradients, and we discuss several ways that these factors influence the stability of species range edges with a changing climate. We demonstrate that geographic and climate edges are often not concordant across species ranges. Furthermore, high climate heterogeneity and low climate collinearity across landscapes increase the spectrum of possible relationships between geographic and climatic space, suggesting that geographic range edges and climatic niche limits correspond less frequently than we may expect. More empirical explorations of how the complexity of real landscapes shapes the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine species range edges will advance the development of range limit theory and its applications to biodiversity conservation in the context of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan F Oldfather
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Matthew M Kling
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Seema N Sheth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Nancy C Emery
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David D Ackerly
- Department of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Jepson Herbarium, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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19
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Paniw M, Childs DZ, Armitage KB, Blumstein DT, Martin JGA, Oli MK, Ozgul A. Assessing seasonal demographic covariation to understand environmental-change impacts on a hibernating mammal. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:588-597. [PMID: 31970918 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural populations are exposed to seasonal variation in environmental factors that simultaneously affect several demographic rates (survival, development and reproduction). The resulting covariation in these rates determines population dynamics, but accounting for its numerous biotic and abiotic drivers is a significant challenge. Here, we use a factor-analytic approach to capture partially unobserved drivers of seasonal population dynamics. We use 40 years of individual-based demography from yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) to fit and project population models that account for seasonal demographic covariation using a latent variable. We show that this latent variable, by producing positive covariation among winter demographic rates, depicts a measure of environmental quality. Simultaneously, negative responses of winter survival and reproductive-status change to declining environmental quality result in a higher risk of population quasi-extinction, regardless of summer demography where recruitment takes place. We demonstrate how complex environmental processes can be summarized to understand population persistence in seasonal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paniw
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre (CREAF), Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, ES-08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kenneth B Armitage
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Department, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Daniel T Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
| | - Julien G A Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Madan K Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Rainfall and temperature change drive Arnica montana population dynamics at the Northern distribution edge. Oecologia 2019; 191:565-578. [PMID: 31624961 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Plant species of semi-natural grasslands are threatened by several simultaneous global change drivers, most notably land-use and climate change. In this study, we explore spatiotemporal variation and changes in deterministic (λ) and stochastic population growth rates (λs), and the underlying vital rates of eight populations of Arnica montana at the species' north-western range margin in Norway. We assess to what extent variation in the demographic rates could be attributed to environmental correlates of the key global change drivers likely to operate at the range edge, including population size, surrogates of habitat quality, temperature and precipitation. We found no relationship between λ and population size or habitat quality, but λ declined in response to both increasing precipitation and increasing temperature. Life-table response experiments revealed that the temporal variability was driven by survival and clonality, whereas the spatial variation was driven by clonality. Our results suggest that A. montana has a threshold response to increasing precipitation, likely due to adaptations to local climatic conditions. Growth and flowering were both negatively affected by increasing temperature, but these effects had a low influence on the spatiotemporal variability in λ. In contrast, the stochastic growth rate was negatively influenced by climate change, indicating an increased extinction risk for marginal populations, possibly leading to range contraction of A. montana as climate change proceeds. Altogether, our study illustrates how the fates of peripheral populations, which are critically important in species range dynamics, may be affected by both deterministic and stochastic effects of multiple coinciding global change drivers.
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21
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Meineri E, Klanderud K, Guittar J, Goldberg DE, Vandvik V. Functional traits, not productivity, predict alpine plant community openness to seedling recruitment under climatic warming. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Meineri
- Aix Marseille Univ., Univ. of Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian Univ. of Life Sciences, Ås Norway
| | - John Guittar
- Kellogg Biological Station, Dept of Integrative Biology, Michigan State Univ Hickory Corners MI USA
| | - Deborah E. Goldberg
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Dept of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Univ. of Bergen Bergen Norway
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22
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Cui H, Töpper JP, Yang Y, Vandvik V, Wang G. Plastic Population Effects and Conservative Leaf Traits in a Reciprocal Transplant Experiment Simulating Climate Warming in the Himalayas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1069. [PMID: 30105040 PMCID: PMC6077237 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming poses considerable challenges for alpine plant species, especially for competitively inferior ones with resource-conservative adaptations to cold climates. The Himalayas are warming at rates considerably faster than the global average, so it is particularly important to assess how and through which mechanisms alpine plant species are affected there. We employed a demographic approach in a climate change experiment, where vegetation turfs were transplanted reciprocally between the central parts of the study species' (Viola biflora L. var. rockiana) range and the warmer range margin, with a temperature difference of ca. 1°C. In addition, turfs were also transplanted outside the range to warmer habitats, simulating two different scenarios of climate warming, +1 and +4°C. Transplanting to warmer sites negatively impacted population growth rates (λ), survival and clonality, but did not affect growth and fecundity, while the productivity of the plant community increased. The reciprocal transplants to the colder habitat showed the opposite effects, for both V. biflora and the plant community, indicating plastic responses of the study species, driven by changes in plant-plant competition. However, the leaf traits underlying the modeled population growth rates were origin-site specific and not affected by the climate-change treatments over the study period, suggesting local adaptation of growth form to competition in the warmer range margin, and to climate adversity in the colder range center. The transplants outside the present species' range showed consistently stronger reductions in population growth rate and survival, with mortality of 90-100% in the +4°C treatment. This illustrates that climatic changes beyond species' present climatic ranges pose a serious risk for range contraction and extinction for Himalayan alpine species in the near future. As V. biflora seems mostly limited by competition under warming, its persistence in a future climate may become increasingly dependent on keeping competitive effects from the surrounding community low, for instance by management interventions like grazing and mowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Cui
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Joachim P. Töpper
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Genxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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