1
|
Zhou X, Luo X, Liu K, Zheng T, Ling P, Huang J, Chen W, Huang Q. Importance of soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry for efficient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142348. [PMID: 38759803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Efficient remediation of soil contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging. To determine whether soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry influences PAH degradation under biostimulation and bioaugmentation, this study initially characterized soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry via a PAH degradation experiment and subsequently designed a validation experiment to answer this question. The results showed that inoculation of PAH degradation consortia ZY-PHE plus vanillate efficiently degraded phenanthrene with a K value of 0.471 (depending on first-order kinetics), followed by treatment with ZY-PHE and control. Ecoenzyme stoichiometry data revealed that the EEAC:N, vector length and angle increased before day five and decreased during the degradation process. In contrast, EEAN:P decreased and then increased. These results indicated that the rapid PAH degradation period induced more C limitation and organic P mineralization. Correlation analysis indicated that the degradation rate K was negatively correlated with vector length, EEAC:P, and EEAN:P, suggesting that C limitation and relatively less efficient P mineralization could inhibit biodegradation. Therefore, incorporating liable carbon and acid phosphatase or soluble P promoted PAH degradation in soils with ZY-PHE. This study provides novel insights into the relationship between soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry and PAH degradation. It is suggested that soil ecoenzyme stoichiometry be evaluated before designing bioremeiation stragtegies for PAH contanminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuesong Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kangzhi Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianao Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Read DJ, Haggar J, Magkourilou E, Durant E, Johnson D, Leake JR, Field KJ. Photosynthate transfer from an autotrophic orchid to conspecific heterotrophic protocorms through a common mycorrhizal network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:398-406. [PMID: 38757767 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The minute 'dust seeds' of some terrestrial orchids preferentially germinate and develop as mycoheterotrophic protocorms near conspecific adult plants. Here we test the hypothesis that mycorrhizal mycelial connections provide a direct pathway for transfer of recent photosynthate from conspecific green orchids to achlorophyllous protocorms. Mycelial networks of Ceratobasidium cornigerum connecting green Dactylorhiza fuchsii plants with developing achlorophyllous protocorms of the same species were established on oatmeal or water agar before the shoots of green plants were exposed to 14CO2. After incubation for 48 h, the pattern of distribution of fixed carbon was visualised in intact entire autotrophic/protocorm systems using digital autoradiography and quantified in protocorms by liquid scintillation counting. Both methods of analysis revealed accumulation of 14C above background levels in protocorms, confirming that autotrophic plants supply carbon to juveniles via common mycorrhizal networks. Despite some accumulation of plant-fixed carbon in the fungal mycelium grown on oatmeal agar, a greater amount of carbon was transferred to protocorms growing on water agar, indicating that the polarity of transfer may be influenced by sink strength. We suggest this transfer pathway may contribute significantly to the pattern and processes determining localised orchid establishment in nature, and that 'parental nurture' via common mycelial networks may be involved in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Read
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Emily Magkourilou
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Emily Durant
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jonathan R Leake
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katie J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pausch J, Holz M, Zhu B, Cheng W. Rhizosphere priming promotes plant nitrogen acquisition by microbial necromass recycling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1987-1996. [PMID: 38369964 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen availability in the rhizosphere relies on root-microorganism interactions, where root exudates trigger soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE). Though microbial necromass contribute significantly to organically bound soil nitrogen (N), the role of RPEs in regulating necromass recycling and plant nitrogen acquisition has received limited attention. We used 15N natural abundance as a proxy for necromass-N since necromass is enriched in 15N compared to other soil-N forms. We combined studies using the same experimental design for continuous 13CO2 labelling of various plant species and the same soil type, but considering top- and subsoil. RPE were quantified as difference in SOM-decomposition between planted and unplanted soils. Results showed higher plant N uptake as RPEs increased. The positive relationship between 15N-enrichment of shoots and roots and RPEs indicated an enhanced necromass-N turnover by RPE. Moreover, our data revealed that RPEs were saturated with increasing carbon (C) input via rhizodeposition in topsoil. In subsoil, RPEs increased linearly within a small range of C input indicating a strong effect of root-released C on decomposition rates in deeper soil horizons. Overall, this study confirmed the functional importance of rhizosphere C input for plant N acquisition through enhanced necromass turnover by RPEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Bayern, Germany
| | - Maire Holz
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weixin Cheng
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nair GR, Kooverjee BB, de Scally S, Cowan DA, Makhalanyane TP. Changes in nutrient availability substantially alter bacteria and extracellular enzymatic activities in Antarctic soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae071. [PMID: 38697936 PMCID: PMC11107947 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In polar regions, global warming has accelerated the melting of glacial and buried ice, resulting in meltwater run-off and the mobilization of surface nutrients. Yet, the short-term effects of altered nutrient regimes on the diversity and function of soil microbiota in polyextreme environments such as Antarctica, remains poorly understood. We studied these effects by constructing soil microcosms simulating augmented carbon, nitrogen, and moisture. Addition of nitrogen significantly decreased the diversity of Antarctic soil microbial assemblages, compared with other treatments. Other treatments led to a shift in the relative abundances of these microbial assemblages although the distributional patterns were random. Only nitrogen treatment appeared to lead to distinct community structural patterns, with increases in abundance of Proteobacteria (Gammaproteobateria) and a decrease in Verrucomicrobiota (Chlamydiae and Verrucomicrobiae).The effects of extracellular enzyme activities and soil parameters on changes in microbial taxa were also significant following nitrogen addition. Structural equation modeling revealed that nutrient source and extracellular enzyme activities were positive predictors of microbial diversity. Our study highlights the effect of nitrogen addition on Antarctic soil microorganisms, supporting evidence of microbial resilience to nutrient increases. In contrast with studies suggesting that these communities may be resistant to change, Antarctic soil microbiota responded rapidly to augmented nutrient regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish R Nair
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Bhaveni B Kooverjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Storme de Scally
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liao J, Dou Y, Wang B, Gunina A, Yang Y, An S, Chang SX. Soil stoichiometric imbalances constrain microbial-driven C and N dynamics in grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171655. [PMID: 38492605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Grassland restoration leads to excessive soils with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents that are inadequate to fulfill the requirements of microorganisms. The differences in the stoichiometric ratios of these elements could limit the activity of microorganisms, which ultimately affects the microbial C, N use efficiencies (CUE, NUE) and the dynamics of soil C and N. The present study was aimed at quantifying the soil microbial nutrient limitation and exploring the mechanisms underlying microbial-induced C and N dynamics in chrono-sequence of restored grasslands. It was revealed that grassland restoration increased microbial C, N content, microbial C, N uptake, and microbial CUE and NUE, while the threshold elemental ratio (the C:N ratio) decreased, which is mainly due to the synergistic effect of the microbial biomass and enzymatic stoichiometry imbalance after grassland restoration. Finally, we present a framework for the nutrient limitation strategies that stoichiometric imbalances constrain microbial-driven C and N dynamics. These results are the direct evidence of causal relations between stoichiometric ratios, microbial responses, and soil C, N cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanxing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Baorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Anna Gunina
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Shaoshan An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, CAS, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rebi A, Wang G, Irfan M, Hussain A, Mustafa A, Flynn T, Ejaz I, Raza T, Mushtaq P, Rizwan M, Zhou J. Unraveling the impact of wildfires on permafrost ecosystems: Vulnerability, implications, and management strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120917. [PMID: 38663084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Permafrost regions play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycling, storing enormous amounts of organic carbon and preserving a delicate balance of nutrient dynamics. However, the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires in these regions pose significant challenges to the stability of these ecosystems. This review examines the effects of fire on chemical, biological, and physical properties of permafrost regions. The physical, chemical, and pedological properties of frozen soil are impacted by fires, leading to changes in soil structure, porosity, and hydrological functioning. The combustion of organic matter during fires releases carbon and nitrogen, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loss. Understanding the interactions between fire severity, ecosystem processes, and the implications for permafrost regions is crucial for predicting the impacts of wildfires and developing effective strategies for ecosystem protection and agricultural productivity in frozen soils. By synthesizing available knowledge and research findings, this review enhances our understanding of fire severity's implications for permafrost ecosystems and offers insights into effective fire management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansa Rebi
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Institute of Agro-Industry and Environment, Islamia University Bahawalpur-63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Azfar Hussain
- International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, China
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Trevan Flynn
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2194, Sweden
| | - Irsa Ejaz
- Department of Crop Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Parsa Mushtaq
- Research Center for Urban Forestry of Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Jinxing Zhou
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forestry Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Canarini A, Zhang W, Lang M, Chen Y, Cui Z, Kuzyakov Y, Richter A, Chen X, Zhang F, Tian J. Microbial life-history strategies mediate microbial carbon pump efficacy in response to N management depending on stoichiometry of microbial demand. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17311. [PMID: 38742695 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) is increasingly acknowledged as being directly linked to soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and stability. Given the close coupling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and the constraints imposed by their stoichiometry on microbial growth, N addition might affect microbial growth strategies with potential consequences for necromass formation and carbon stability. However, this topic remains largely unexplored. Based on two multi-level N fertilizer experiments over 10 years in two soils with contrasting soil fertility located in the North (Cambisol, carbon-poor) and Southwest (Luvisol, carbon-rich), we hypothesized that different resource demands of microorganism elicit a trade-off in microbial growth potential (Y-strategy) and resource-acquisition (A-strategy) in response to N addition, and consequently on necromass formation and soil carbon stability. We combined measurements of necromass metrics (MCP efficacy) and soil carbon stability (chemical composition and mineral associated organic carbon) with potential changes in microbial life history strategies (assessed via soil metagenomes and enzymatic activity analyses). The contribution of microbial necromass to SOC decreased with N addition in the Cambisol, but increased in the Luvisol. Soil microbial life strategies displayed two distinct responses in two soils after N amendment: shift toward A-strategy (Cambisol) or Y-strategy (Luvisol). These divergent responses are owing to the stoichiometric imbalance between microbial demands and resource availability for C and N, which presented very distinct patterns in the two soils. The partial correlation analysis further confirmed that high N addition aggravated stoichiometric carbon demand, shifting the microbial community strategy toward resource-acquisition which reduced carbon stability in Cambisol. In contrast, the microbial Y-strategy had the positive direct effect on MCP efficacy in Luvisol, which greatly enhanced carbon stability. Such findings provide mechanistic insights into the stoichiometric regulation of MCP efficacy, and how this is mediated by site-specific trade-offs in microbial life strategies, which contribute to improving our comprehension of soil microbial C sequestration and potential optimization of agricultural N management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Alberto Canarini
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Lang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxue Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Science, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Forsmark B, Bizjak T, Nordin A, Rosenstock NP, Wallander H, Gundale MJ. Shifts in microbial community composition and metabolism correspond with rapid soil carbon accumulation in response to 20 years of simulated nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170741. [PMID: 38325494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition and fertilization in boreal forests frequently reduces decomposition and soil respiration and enhances C storage in the topsoil. This enhancement of the C sink can be as strong as the aboveground biomass response to N additions and has implications for the global C cycle, but the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that this effect would be associated with a shift in the microbial community and its activity, and particularly by fungal taxa reported to be capable of lignin degradation and organic N acquisition. We sampled the organic layer below the intact litter of a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) forest in northern Sweden after 20 years of annual N additions at low (12.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and high (50 kg N ha-1 yr-1) rates. We measured microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty-acid analysis (PLFA) and ergosterol measurements and used ITS metagenomics to profile the fungal community of soil and fine-roots. We probed the metabolic activity of the soil community by measuring the activity of extracellular enzymes and evaluated its relationships with the most N responsive soil fungal species. Nitrogen addition decreased the abundance of fungal PLFA markers and changed the fungal community in humus and fine-roots. Specifically, the humus community changed in part due to a shift from Oidiodendron pilicola, Cenococcum geophilum, and Cortinarius caperatus to Tylospora fibrillosa and Russula griseascens. These microbial community changes were associated with decreased activity of Mn-peroxidase and peptidase, and an increase in the activity of C acquiring enzymes. Our results show that the rapid accumulation of C in the humus layer frequently observed in areas with high N deposition is consistent with a shift in microbial metabolism, where decomposition associated with organic N acquisition is downregulated when inorganic N forms are readily available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Forsmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tinkara Bizjak
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Rosenstock
- Center for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallander
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xian WD, Chen J, Zheng Z, Ding J, Xi Y, Zhang Y, Qu W, Tang C, Li C, Liu X, Li W, Wang J. Water masses influence the variation of microbial communities in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1367062. [PMID: 38572235 PMCID: PMC10987813 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze River estuary (YRE) are strongly influenced by the Kuroshio and terrigenous input from rivers, leading to the formation of distinct water masses, however, there remains a limited understanding of the full extent of this influence. Here the variation of water masses and bacterial communities of 58 seawater samples from the YRE and its adjacent waters were investigated. Our findings suggested that there were 5 water masses in the studied area: Black stream (BS), coastal water in the East China Sea (CW), nearshore mixed water (NM), mixed water in the middle and deep layers of the East China Sea (MM), and deep water blocks in the middle of the East China Sea (DM). The CW mass harbors the highest alpha diversity across all layers, whereas the NM mass exhibits higher diversity in the surface layer but lower in the middle layers. Proteobacteria was the most abundant taxa in all water masses, apart from that, in the surface layer masses, Cyanobacterium, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were the highest proportion in CW, while Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were the highest proportion in NM and BS; in the middle layer, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were dominant phylum in CW and BS masses, but Cyanobacterium was main phylum in NM mass; in the bottom layer, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteriota were the dominant phylum in CW, while Marininimicrobia was the dominated phylum in DM and MM masses. Network analysis suggests water masses have obvious influence on community topological characteristics, moreover, community assembly across masses also differ greatly. Taken together, these results emphasized the significant impact of water masses on the bacterial composition, topological characteristics and assembly process, which may provide a theoretical foundation for predicting alterations in microbial communities within estuarine ecosystems under the influence of water masses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Xian
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yinli Xi
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wu Qu
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chunyu Tang
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xuezhu Liu
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Marine Microorganism Ecological & Application Lab, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang A, Zhu D, Zhang W, Shao Y, Shi Y, Liu X, Lu Z, Zhu YG, Wang H, Fu S. Canopy nitrogen deposition enhances soil ecosystem multifunctionality in a temperate forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17250. [PMID: 38500362 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition affects ecosystem functions crucial to human health and well-being. However, the consequences of this scenario for soil ecosystem multifunctionality (SMF) in forests are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a long-term field experiment in a temperate forest in China, where N deposition was simulated by adding N above and under the canopies. We discover that canopy N addition promotes SMF expression, whereas understory N addition suppresses it. SMF was regulated by fungal diversity in canopy N addition treatments, which is largely due to the strong resistance to soil acidification and efficient resource utilization characteristics of fungi. While in understory N addition treatments, SMF is regulated by bacterial diversity, which is mainly because of the strong resilience to disturbances and fast turnover of bacteria. Furthermore, rare microbial taxa may play a more important role in the maintenance of the SMF. This study provides the first evidence that N deposition enhanced SMF in temperate forests and enriches the knowledge on enhanced N deposition affecting forest ecosystems. Given the divergent results from two N addition approaches, an innovative perspective of canopy N addition on soil microbial diversity-multifunctionality relationships is crucial to policy-making for the conservation of soil microbial diversity and sustainable ecosystem management under enhanced N deposition. In future research, the consideration of canopy N processes is essential for more realistic assessments of the effects of atmospheric N deposition in forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Yuanhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziluo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| | - Shenglei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation & Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Xinyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jaeger ACH, Hartmann M, Conz RF, Six J, Solly EF. Prolonged water limitation shifts the soil microbiome from copiotrophic to oligotrophic lifestyles in Scots pine mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13211. [PMID: 37991154 PMCID: PMC10866073 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in soil moisture due to prolonged episodes of drought can potentially affect whole forest ecosystems, including soil microorganisms and their functions. We investigated how the composition of soil microbial communities is affected by prolonged episodes of water limitation. In a mesocosm experiment with Scots pine saplings and natural forest soil maintained at different levels of soil water content over 2 years, we assessed shifts in prokaryotic and fungal communities and related these to changes in plant development and soil properties. Prolonged water limitation induced progressive changes in soil microbial community composition. The dissimilarity between prokaryotic communities at different levels of water limitation increased over time regardless of the recurrent seasons, while fungal communities were less affected by prolonged water limitation. Under low soil water contents, desiccation-tolerant groups outcompeted less adapted, and the lifestyle of prokaryotic taxa shifted from copiotrophic to oligotrophic. While the abundance of saprotrophic and ligninolytic groups increased alongside an accumulation of dead plant material, the abundance of symbiotic and nutrient-cycling taxa decreased, likely impairing the development of the trees. Overall, prolonged episodes of drought appeared to continuously alter the structure of microbial communities, pointing to a potential loss of critical functions provided by the soil microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid C. H. Jaeger
- Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Rafaela Feola Conz
- Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Johan Six
- Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Emily F. Solly
- Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZLeipzigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeng K, Huang X, Guo J, Dai C, He C, Chen H, Xin G. Microbial-driven mechanisms for the effects of heavy metals on soil organic carbon storage: A global analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 184:108467. [PMID: 38310815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) enrichment is closely related to soil organic carbon (SOC) pools in terrestrial ecosystems, which are deeply intertwined with soil microbial processes. However, the influence of HMs on SOC remains contentious in terms of magnitude and direction. A global analysis of 155 publications was conducted to integrate the synergistic responses of SOC and microorganisms to HM enrichment. A significant increase of 13.6 % in SOC content was observed in soils exposed to HMs. The response of SOC to HMs primarily depends on soil properties and habitat conditions, particularly the initial SOC content, mean annual precipitation (MAP), initial soil pH, and mean annual temperature (MAT). The presence of HMs resulted in significant decreases in the activities of key soil enzymes, including 31.9 % for soil dehydrogenase, 24.8 % for β-glucosidase, 35.8 % for invertase, and 24.3 % for cellulose. HMs also exerted inhibitory effects on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (26.6 %), microbial respiration (MR) (19.7 %), and the bacterial Shannon index (3.13 %) but elevated the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2) (20.6 %). The HM enrichment-induced changes in SOC exhibited positive correlations with the response of MBC (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) and qCO2 (r = 0.50, p < 0.01), while it was negatively associated with β-glucosidase activity (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) and MR (r = 0.39, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the increase in SOC storage is mainly attributable to the inhibition of soil enzymes and microorganisms under HM enrichment. Overall, this meta-analysis highlights the habitat-dependent responses of SOC to HM enrichment and provides a comprehensive evaluation of soil carbon dynamics in an HM-rich environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zeng
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| | - Chuanshun Dai
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Chuntao He
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Guorong Xin
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rzehak T, Praeg N, Zink H, Simon A, Geitner C, Illmer P. Microbial perspective of inhibited carbon turnover in Tangel humus of the Northern Limestone Alps. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13215. [PMID: 38062558 PMCID: PMC10866079 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Tangel humus primarily occurs in montane and subalpine zones of the calcareous Alps that exhibit low temperatures and high precipitation sums. This humus form is characterized by inhibited carbon turnover and accumulated organic matter, leading to the typical thick organic layers. However, the reason for this accumulation of organic matter is still unclear, and knowledge about the microbial community within Tangel humus is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the prokaryotic and fungal communities along with the physical and chemical properties within a depth gradient (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm) of a Tangel humus located in the Northern Limestone Alps. We hypothesized that humus properties and microbial activity, biomass, and diversity differ along the depth gradient and that microbial key players refer to certain humus depths. Our results give the first comprehensive information about microbiota within the Tangel humus and establish a microbial zonation of the humus. Microbial activity, biomass, as well as microbial alpha diversity significantly decreased with increasing depths. We identified microbial biomarkers for both, the top and the deepest depth, indicating different, microbial habitats. The microbial characterization together with the established nutrient deficiencies in the deeper depths might explain reduced C-turnover and Tangel humus formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Rzehak
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Nadine Praeg
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Harald Zink
- Department of GeographyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Alois Simon
- Department of Forest PlanningOffice of the Tyrolean GovernmentInnsbruckAustria
| | - Clemens Geitner
- Department of GeographyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Paul Illmer
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao D, Liu S, Gao F, Ning C, Wu X, Yan W, Smith A. Response of soil micro-food web to nutrient limitation along a subtropical forest restoration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168349. [PMID: 37963531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem productivity and function is strongly influenced by the interaction between soil organisms and their resource use that can be impeded by an imbalance of ecological stoichiometry. Soil microorganisms are known to have an important role in biogeochemical cycling which is strongly influenced by ecological stoichiometry. However, there is limited understanding of how soil micro-food web respond to stoichiometric imbalances during forest restoration. Here, we investigated the effect of forest restoration on soil physio-chemical properties and the structure and function of soil micro-food web along a chronosequence of transformation stages: (i) early stage monoculture plantation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) comprised of three age classes (5, 10 and 20 years); (ii) mid-stage conifer-broadleaved mixed forest; and (iii) late-stage mixed species broadleaved forest in south China. Results showed that forest restoration from C. lanceolata monocultures to mixed species broadleaved forest significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Soil bacteria, fungi, protists and nematodes abundance increased and the co-occurrence networks of soil biota became more complex and stable along the restoration chronosequence. In contrast, soil nitrogen and phosphorus limitations, particularly phosphorus limitation, increased along the chronosequence. In addition, soil exoenzyme activity suggested that the microbial investment in resource acquisition shifted from C- to nutrient-acquiring enzymes from the earlier to the later restoration stages. Availability of soil resources (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, and available phosphate) appeared to have an important role in regulating soil food web composition, structure and stability during forest restoration. We conclude that nutrient limitation, particularly phosphorus limitation, likely has an important role in determining the stability of soil food webs during forest restoration. These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationships between soil nutrient limitation and soil micro-food web, and have implications for carbon sequestration through forest restoration and management in southern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Protection and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, MNR, China
| | - Chen Ning
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology in Forestry & Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Lutou National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Forest Ecosystems in Hunan Province, China
| | - Andy Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qu L, Wang C, Manzoni S, Dacal M, Maestre FT, Bai E. Stronger compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration with higher substrate availability. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae025. [PMID: 38366058 PMCID: PMC10945366 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming is expected to augment soil respiration by increasing the microbial activity, driving self-reinforcing feedback to climate change. However, the compensatory thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms and substrate depletion may weaken the effects of rising temperature on soil respiration. To test this hypothesis, we collected soils along a large-scale forest transect in eastern China spanning a natural temperature gradient, and we incubated the soils at different temperatures with or without substrate addition. We combined the exponential thermal response function and a data-driven model to study the interaction effect of thermal adaptation and substrate availability on microbial respiration and compared our results to those from two additional continental and global independent datasets. Modeled results suggested that the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater in areas with higher mean annual temperatures, which is consistent with the compensatory response to warming. In addition, the effect of thermal adaptation on microbial respiration was greater under substrate addition than under substrate depletion, which was also true for the independent datasets reanalyzed using our approach. Our results indicate that thermal adaptation in warmer regions could exert a more pronounced negative impact on microbial respiration when the substrate availability is abundant. These findings improve the body of knowledge on how substrate availability influences the soil microbial community-temperature interactions, which could improve estimates of projected soil carbon losses to the atmosphere through respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingrui Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Chao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Marina Dacal
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio ‘Ramón Margalef’, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
| | - Edith Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ridgeway J, Kane J, Morrissey E, Starcher H, Brzostek E. Roots selectively decompose litter to mine nitrogen and build new soil carbon. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14331. [PMID: 37898561 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere shape carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil organic matter (SOM). However, there is conflicting evidence on whether these interactions lead to a net loss or increase of SOM. In part, this conflict is driven by uncertainty in how living roots and microbes alter SOM formation or loss in the field. To address these uncertainties, we traced the fate of isotopically labelled litter into SOM using root and fungal ingrowth cores incubated in a Miscanthus x giganteus field. Roots stimulated litter decomposition, but balanced this loss by transferring carbon into aggregate associated SOM. Further, roots selectively mobilized nitrogen from litter without additional carbon release. Overall, our findings suggest that roots mine litter nitrogen and protect soil carbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ridgeway
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer Kane
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ember Morrissey
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Hayden Starcher
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Edward Brzostek
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Champiny RE, Bacon AR, Brush ID, McKenna AM, Colopietro DJ, Lin Y. Unraveling the persistence of deep podzolized carbon: Insights from organic matter characterization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167382. [PMID: 37774867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Over a billion tons of terrestrial carbon (C) is stored in deep soils from the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. While the size and extent of this pool, known as deep podzolized carbon (DPC), have been reported in recent studies, the stabilization mechanisms responsible for its persistence are unclear. The main hypothesis of DPC stabilization is that hydrology, specifically water table fluctuations in the phreatic zone, slow microbial degradation and promote C accumulation. This accounts for the characteristic properties and distribution of DPC and provides a mechanistic distinction between DPC and shallow podzolized C in the region's soils, however it has yet to be tested. We characterized the organic matter composition of the bulk and dissolved fractions of DPC using elemental analysis, solvent extraction, infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Consistent with past work, the majority of DPC organic matter was extractable by sodium pyrophosphate solution; the influence of metal association was also observable in the water extractable fraction of DPC with large species being preferentially removed and a low compound diversity compared to those from other horizons overlying DPC. Only water extractable species with low molecular mass (m/z < 375 Da) showed significant change in average nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) values, indicative of oxygen-limitation influence on the processing of these species. Infrared spectroscopy revealed an increase in abundance of aliphatic (C-H:C-O) bonds relative to polysaccharide bonds with depth whereas aromatic (C=C:C-O) bonds decreased with depth in DPC relative to other subsurface horizons. Our work shows that DPC is significantly more refractory than overlying surface soil C, and yet slightly more labile than the subsoils above DPC. Together our results suggest that the maintenance of low redox conditions via persistent water saturation contributes to the stabilization and persistence of DPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Champiny
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Allan R Bacon
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isabella D Brush
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Daniel J Colopietro
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He C, Harindintwali JD, Cui H, Cui Y, Chen P, Mo C, Zhu Q, Zheng W, Alessi DS, Wang F, Jiang Z, Yang J. Deciphering the dual role of bacterial communities in stabilizing rhizosphere priming effect under intra-annual change of growing seasons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166777. [PMID: 37660826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is a widely observed phenomenon affecting carbon (C) turnover in plant-soil systems. While multiple cropping and seasonal changes can have significant impacts on RPE, the mechanisms driving these processes are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we planted maize in paddy soil during two growing seasons having substantial temperature differences [May-August (warm season, 26.6 °C) and September-November (cool season, 23.1 °C)] within the same calendar year in southern China to examine how seasonal changes affect RPEs and soil C. We identified sources of C emissions by quantifying the natural abundance of 13C and determined microbial metabolic limitations or efficiency and functional genes related to C cycling using an enzyme-based biogeochemical equilibrium model and high-throughput quantitative PCR-based chip technology, respectively. Results showed that microbial metabolism was mainly limited by phosphorus in the warm season, but by C in the cool season, resulting in positive RPEs in both growing seasons, but no significant differences (9.02 vs. 6.27 mg C kg-1 soil day-1). The RPE intensity remained stable as temperature increased (warm season compared to a cool season), which can be largely explained by the simultaneous increase in the abundance of functional genes related to both C degradation and fixation. Our study highlights the simultaneous response and adaptation of microbial communities to seasonal changes and hence contributes to an understanding and prediction of microbially mediated soil C turnover under multiple cropping systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jean Damascene Harindintwali
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Mo
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhui Jiang
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingping Yang
- Institute of Environment Pollution Control and Treatment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wattenburger CJ, Buckley DH. Land use alters bacterial growth dynamics in soil. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3239-3254. [PMID: 37783513 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial growth and mortality are major determinants of soil carbon cycling. We measured in situ growth dynamics of individual bacterial taxa in cropped and successional soils in response to a resource pulse. We hypothesized that land use imposes selection pressures on growth characteristics. We estimated growth and death for 453 and 73 taxa, respectively. The average generation time was 5.04 ± 6.28 (SD; range 0.7-63.5) days. Lag times were shorter in cultivated than successional soils and resource amendment decreased lag times. Taxa exhibiting the greatest growth response also exhibited the greatest mortality, indicative of boom-and-bust dynamics. We observed a bimodal growth rate distribution, representing fast- and slow-growing clusters. Both clusters grew more rapidly in successional soils, which had more organic matter, than cultivated soils. Resource amendment increased the growth rate of the slower growing but not the faster-growing cluster via a mixture of increased growth rates and species turnover, indicating that competitive dynamics constrain growth rates in situ. These two clusters show that copiotrophic bacteria in soils may be subdivided into different life history groups and that these subgroups respond independently to land use and resource availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J Wattenburger
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bai X, Huang D, Chen Y, Shao M, Wang N, Wang Q, Xu Q. Enhanced methane oxidation efficiency by digestate biochar in landfill cover soil: Microbial shifts and carbon metabolites insights. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140279. [PMID: 37758092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability of biochar to enhance the oxidation of methane (CH4) in landfill cover soil by promoting the growth and activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) has attracted significant attention. However, the optimal characteristics of digestate-derived biochar (DBC) for promoting the MOB community and CH4 removal performance remain unclear. This study examined how the CH4 oxidation capacity and respiratory metabolism of MOB life process are affected by the application of DBC compared with the most commonly used woody-derived biochar (WBC). The addition of both WBC and DBC enhanced CH4 oxidation, with DBC exhibiting a nearly twofold increase in cumulative CH4 oxidation mass (7.14 mg CH4 g-1) compared to WBC. The high ion-exchange capacity of DBC was found to be more favorable for the growth of Type I MOB, which have more efficient metabolic pathways for CH4 oxidation. Type I MOB which are abundant in DBC may prefer monovalent positive ions, while the charge-rich nature of DBC may also have hindered extracellular protein aggregation. The superiority of DBC in terms of CH4 oxidation thus highlights the underlying mechanisms of biochar-MOB interactions, offering potential biochar options for landfill cover soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Bai
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Dandan Huang
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Mingshuai Shao
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Qiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Eco-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, University Town, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun T, Mao X, Han K, Wang X, Cheng Q, Liu X, Zhou J, Ma Q, Ni Z, Wu L. Nitrogen addition increased soil particulate organic carbon via plant carbon input whereas reduced mineral-associated organic carbon through attenuating mineral protection in agroecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165705. [PMID: 37487902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) addition can have substantial impacts on both aboveground and belowground processes such as plant productivity, microbial activity, and soil properties, which in turn alters the fate of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, how N addition affects various SOC fractions such as particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), particularly in agroecosystem, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, plant biomass (grain yield, straw biomass, and root biomass), soil chemical properties (pH, N availability, exchangeable cations and amorphous Al/Fe - (hydr) oxides) and microbial characteristics (biomass and functional genes) in response to a N addition experiment (0, 150, 225, 300, and 375 kg ha-1) in paddy soil were investigated to explore the predominant controls of POC and MAOC. Our results showed that POC significantly increased, while MAOC decreased under N addition (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis and PLSPM results suggested that increased C input, as indicated by root biomass, predominated the increase in POC. The declined MAOC was not mainly dominated by microbial control, but was strongly associated with the attenuated mineral protection (especially Ca2+) induced by soil acidification under N addition. Collectively, our results emphasized the importance of combining C input and soil chemistry in predicting soil C dynamics and thereby determining soil organic C storage in response to N addition in rice agroecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiali Mao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kefeng Han
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangjie Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjie Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhihua Ni
- Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Management Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bhattarai B, Sigurdsson BD, Sigurdsson P, Leblans N, Janssens I, Meynzer W, Devarajan AK, Truu J, Truu M, Ostonen I. Soil warming duration and magnitude affect the dynamics of fine roots and rhizomes and associated C and N pools in subarctic grasslands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:269-279. [PMID: 37471454 PMCID: PMC10583211 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The response of subarctic grassland's below-ground to soil warming is key to understanding this ecosystem's adaptation to future climate. Functionally different below-ground plant organs can respond differently to changes in soil temperature (Ts). We aimed to understand the below-ground adaptation mechanisms by analysing the dynamics and chemistry of fine roots and rhizomes in relation to plant community composition and soil chemistry, along with the duration and magnitude of soil warming. METHODS We investigated the effects of the duration [medium-term warming (MTW; 11 years) and long-term warming (LTW; > 60 years)] and magnitude (0-8.4 °C) of soil warming on below-ground plant biomass (BPB), fine root biomass (FRB) and rhizome biomass (RHB) in geothermally warmed subarctic grasslands. We evaluated the changes in BPB, FRB and RHB and the corresponding carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in the context of ambient, Ts < +2 °C and Ts > +2 °C scenarios. KEY RESULTS BPB decreased exponentially in response to an increase in Ts under MTW, whereas FRB declined under both MTW and LTW. The proportion of rhizomes increased and the C-N ratio in rhizomes decreased under LTW. The C and N pools in BPB in highly warmed plots under MTW were 50 % less than in the ambient plots, whereas under LTW, C and N pools in warmed plots were similar to those in non-warmed plots. Approximately 78 % of the variation in FRB, RHB, and C and N concentration and pools in fine roots and rhizomes was explained by the duration and magnitude of soil warming, soil chemistry, plant community functional composition, and above-ground biomass. Plant's below-ground biomass, chemistry and pools were related to a shift in the grassland's plant community composition - the abundance of ferns increased and BPB decreased towards higher Ts under MTW, while the recovery of below-ground C and N pools under LTW was related to a higher plant diversity. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that plant community-level adaptation of below ground to soil warming occurs over long periods. We provide insight into the potential adaptation phases of subarctic grasslands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplabi Bhattarai
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bjarni D Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, The Agricultural University of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Páll Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, The Agricultural University of Iceland, Iceland
| | - Niki Leblans
- Climate Impact Research Centre, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jaak Truu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marika Truu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lin Z, Zheng X, Chen J. Deciphering pH-dependent microbial taxa and functional gene co-occurrence in the coral Galaxea fascicularis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1856-1868. [PMID: 36719456 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How the coral microbiome responds to oceanic pH changes due to anthropogenic climate change, including ocean acidification and deliberate artificial alkalization, remains an open question. Here, we applied a 16S profile and GeoChip approach to microbial taxonomic and gene functional landscapes in the coral Galaxea fascicularis under three pH levels (7.85, 8.15, and 8.45) and tested the influence of pH changes on the cell growth of several coral-associated strains and bacterial populations. Statistical analysis of GeoChip-based data suggested that both ocean acidification and alkalization destabilized functional cores related to aromatic degradation, carbon degradation, carbon fixation, stress response, and antibiotic biosynthesis in the microbiome, which are related to holobiont carbon cycling and health. The taxonomic analysis revealed that bacterial species richness was not significantly different among the three pH treatments, but the community compositions were significantly distinct. Acute seawater alkalization leads to an increase in pathogens as well as a stronger taxonomic shift than acidification, which is worth considering when using artificial ocean alkalization to protect coral ecosystems from ocean acidification. In addition, our co-occurrence network analysis reflected microbial community and functional shifts in response to pH change cues, which will further help to understand the functional ecological role of the microbiome in coral resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyue Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Xinqing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 356015, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
- Technology Innovation Center for Monitoring and Restoration Engineering of Ecological Fragile Zone in Southeast China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He P, Zhang Y, Shen Q, Ling N, Nan Z. Microbial carbon use efficiency in different ecosystems: A meta-analysis based on a biogeochemical equilibrium model. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4758-4774. [PMID: 37431700 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a crucial parameter that can be used to evaluate the partitioning of soil carbon (C) between microbial growth and respiration. However, general patterns of microbial CUE among terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., farmland, grassland, and forest) remain controversial. To address this knowledge gap, data from 41 study sites (n = 197 soil samples) including 58 farmlands, 95 forests, and 44 grasslands were collected and analyzed to estimate microbial CUEs using a biogeochemical equilibrium model. We also evaluated the metabolic limitations of microbial growth using an enzyme vector model and the drivers of CUE across different ecosystems. The CUEs obtained from soils of farmland, forest, and grassland ecosystems were significantly different with means of 0.39, 0.33, and 0.42, respectively, illustrating that grassland soils exhibited higher microbial C sequestration potentials (p < .05). Microbial metabolic limitations were also distinct in these ecosystems, and carbon limitation was dominant exhibiting strong negative effects on CUE. Exoenzyme stoichiometry played a greater role in impacting CUE values than soil elemental stoichiometry within each ecosystem. Specifically, soil exoenzymatic ratios of C:phosphorus (P) acquisition activities (EEAC:P ) and the exoenzymatic ratio of C:nitrogen (N) acquisition activities (EEAC:N ) imparted strong negative effects on soil microbial CUE in grassland and forest ecosystems, respectively. But in farmland soils, EEAC:P exhibited greater positive effects, showing that resource constraints could regulate microbial resource allocation with discriminating patterns across terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, mean annual temperature (MAT) rather than mean annual precipitation (MAP) was a critical climate factor affecting CUE, and soil pH as a major factor remained positive to drive the changes in microbial CUE within ecosystems. This research illustrates a conceptual framework of microbial CUEs in terrestrial ecosystems and provides the theoretical evidence to improve soil microbial C sequestration capacity in response to global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meeran K, Verbrigghe N, Ingrisch J, Fuchslueger L, Müller L, Sigurðsson P, Sigurdsson BD, Wachter H, Watzka M, Soong JL, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Bahn M. Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO 2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5276-5291. [PMID: 37427494 PMCID: PMC10962691 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has been suggested to impact high latitude grasslands severely, potentially causing considerable carbon (C) losses from soil. Warming can also stimulate nitrogen (N) turnover, but it is largely unclear whether and how altered N availability impacts belowground C dynamics. Even less is known about the individual and interactive effects of warming and N availability on the fate of recently photosynthesized C in soil. On a 10-year geothermal warming gradient in Iceland, we studied the effects of soil warming and N addition on CO2 fluxes and the fate of recently photosynthesized C through CO2 flux measurements and a 13 CO2 pulse-labeling experiment. Under warming, ecosystem respiration exceeded maximum gross primary productivity, causing increased net CO2 emissions. N addition treatments revealed that, surprisingly, the plants in the warmed soil were N limited, which constrained primary productivity and decreased recently assimilated C in shoots and roots. In soil, microbes were increasingly C limited under warming and increased microbial uptake of recent C. Soil respiration was increased by warming and was fueled by increased belowground inputs and turnover of recently photosynthesized C. Our findings suggest that a decade of warming seemed to have induced a N limitation in plants and a C limitation by soil microbes. This caused a decrease in net ecosystem CO2 uptake and accelerated the respiratory release of photosynthesized C, which decreased the C sequestration potential of the grassland. Our study highlights the importance of belowground C allocation and C-N interactions in the C dynamics of subarctic ecosystems in a warmer world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niel Verbrigghe
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lena Müller
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | | | - Herbert Wachter
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jennifer L. Soong
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Soil and Crop Sciences DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Research Group Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of EcologyUniversity of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cui Y, Peng S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Rillig MC, Terrer C, Zhu B, Jing X, Chen J, Li J, Feng J, He Y, Fang L, Moorhead DL, Sinsabaugh RL, Peñuelas J. Microbial communities in terrestrial surface soils are not widely limited by carbon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4412-4429. [PMID: 37277945 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in soils are generally considered to be limited by carbon (C), which could be a crucial control for basic soil functions and responses of microbial heterotrophic metabolism to climate change. However, global soil microbial C limitation (MCL) has rarely been estimated and is poorly understood. Here, we predicted MCL, defined as limited availability of substrate C relative to nitrogen and/or phosphorus to meet microbial metabolic requirements, based on the thresholds of extracellular enzyme activity across 847 sites (2476 observations) representing global natural ecosystems. Results showed that only about 22% of global sites in terrestrial surface soils show relative C limitation in microbial community. This finding challenges the conventional hypothesis of ubiquitous C limitation for soil microbial metabolism. The limited geographic extent of C limitation in our study was mainly attributed to plant litter, rather than soil organic matter that has been processed by microbes, serving as the dominant C source for microbial acquisition. We also identified a significant latitudinal pattern of predicted MCL with larger C limitation at mid- to high latitudes, whereas this limitation was generally absent in the tropics. Moreover, MCL significantly constrained the rates of soil heterotrophic respiration, suggesting a potentially larger relative increase in respiration at mid- to high latitudes than low latitudes, if climate change increases primary productivity that alleviates MCL at higher latitudes. Our study provides the first global estimates of MCL, advancing our understanding of terrestrial C cycling and microbial metabolic feedback under global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hu J, Du M, Chen J, Tie L, Zhou S, Buckeridge KM, Cornelissen JHC, Huang C, Kuzyakov Y. Microbial necromass under global change and implications for soil organic matter. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3503-3515. [PMID: 36934319 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial necromass is an important source and component of soil organic matter (SOM), especially within the most stable pools. Global change factors such as anthropogenic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) inputs, climate warming, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2 ), and periodic precipitation reduction (drought) strongly affect soil microorganisms and consequently, influence microbial necromass formation. The impacts of these global change factors on microbial necromass are poorly understood despite their critical role in the cycling and sequestration of soil carbon (C) and nutrients. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to reveal general patterns of the effects of nutrient addition, warming, eCO2 , and drought on amino sugars (biomarkers of microbial necromass) in soils under croplands, forests, and grasslands. Nitrogen addition combined with P and K increased the content of fungal (+21%), bacterial (+22%), and total amino sugars (+9%), consequently leading to increased SOM formation. Nitrogen addition alone increased solely bacterial necromass (+10%) because the decrease of N limitation stimulated bacterial more than fungal growth. Warming increased bacterial necromass, because bacteria have competitive advantages at high temperatures compared to fungi. Other global change factors (P and NP addition, eCO2 , and drought) had minor effects on microbial necromass because of: (i) compensation of the impacts by opposite processes, and (ii) the short duration of experiments compared to the slow microbial necromass turnover. Future studies should focus on: (i) the stronger response of bacterial necromass to N addition and warming compared to that of fungi, and (ii) the increased microbial necromass contribution to SOM accumulation and stability under NPK fertilization, and thereby for negative feedback to climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Hu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meilin Du
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shixing Zhou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - J Hans C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Congde Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schnecker J, Spiegel F, Li Y, Richter A, Sandén T, Spiegel H, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S, Fuchslueger L. Microbial responses to soil cooling might explain increases in microbial biomass in winter. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2023; 164:521-535. [PMID: 37475883 PMCID: PMC10354169 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-023-01050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In temperate, boreal and arctic soil systems, microbial biomass often increases during winter and decreases again in spring. This build-up and release of microbial carbon could potentially lead to a stabilization of soil carbon during winter times. Whether this increase is caused by changes in microbial physiology, in community composition, or by changed substrate allocation within microbes or communities is unclear. In a laboratory incubation study, we looked into microbial respiration and growth, as well as microbial glucose uptake and carbon resource partitioning in response to cooling. Soils taken from a temperate beech forest and temperate cropland system in October 2020, were cooled down from field temperature of 11 °C to 1 °C. We determined microbial growth using 18O-incorporation into DNA after the first two days of cooling and after an acclimation phase of 9 days; in addition, we traced 13C-labelled glucose into microbial biomass, CO2 respired from the soil, and into microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Our results show that the studied soil microbial communities responded strongly to soil cooling. The 18O data showed that growth and cell division were reduced when soils were cooled from 11 to 1 °C. Total respiration was also reduced but glucose uptake and glucose-derived respiration were unchanged. We found that microbes increased the investment of glucose-derived carbon in unsaturated phospholipid fatty acids at colder temperatures. Since unsaturated fatty acids retain fluidity at lower temperatures compared to saturated fatty acids, this could be interpreted as a precaution to reduced temperatures. Together with the maintained glucose uptake and reduced cell division, our findings show an immediate response of soil microorganisms to soil cooling, potentially to prepare for freezing events. The discrepancy between C uptake and cell division could explain previously observed high microbial biomass carbon in temperate soils in winter. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-023-01050-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schnecker
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Spiegel
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yue Li
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taru Sandén
- Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Heide Spiegel
- Department for Soil Health and Plant Nutrition, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Azziz G, Frade C, Igual JM, Del Pino A, Lezama F, Valverde Á. Legume Overseeding and P Fertilization Increases Microbial Activity and Decreases the Relative Abundance of AM Fungi in Pampas Natural Pastures. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1383. [PMID: 37374885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural grasslands provide a valuable resource for livestock grazing. In many parts of South America, legume overseeding and P fertilization are commonly used to enhance primary productivity. The effect of this practice on the plant community is well established. However, how this management regime affects the soil microbiome is less known. Here, to contribute to filling this knowledge gap, we analyzed the effect of Lotus subbiflorus overseeding, together with P fertilization, on soil microbial community diversity and activity in the Uruguayan Pampa region. The results showed that plant communities in the natural grassland paddocks significantly differed from those of the managed paddocks. In contrast, neither microbial biomass and respiration nor microbial diversity was significantly affected by management, although the structure of the bacterial and fungal communities were correlated with those of the plant communities. AM Fungi relative abundance, as well as several enzyme activities, were significantly affected by management. This could have consequences for the C, N, and P content of SOM in these soils, which in turn might affect SOM degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Azziz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Frade
- Grupo de Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Igual
- Grupo de Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Amabelia Del Pino
- Departamento de Suelos y Aguas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Felipe Lezama
- Departamento de Sistemas Ambientales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay
| | - Ángel Valverde
- Grupo de Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca, CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang X, Li Y, Wang L, Duan Y, Yao B, Chen Y, Cao W. Soil extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reflects microbial metabolic limitations in different desert types of northwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162504. [PMID: 36863586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) stoichiometry reflects the dynamic balance between microorganism metabolic demands for resources and nutrient availability. However, variations in metabolic limitations and their driving factors in arid desert areas with oligotrophic environments remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated sites in different desert types in western China and measured the activities of two C-acquiring enzymes (β-1,4-glucosidase and β-D-cellobiohydrolase), two N-acquiring enzymes (β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase and L-leucine aminopeptidase), and one organic-P-acquiring enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) to quantify and compare the metabolic limitations of soil microorganisms based on their EEA stoichiometry. The ratios of log-transformed C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzyme activities for all deserts combined were 1:1.1:0.9, which is close to the hypothetical global mean EEA stoichiometry (1:1:1). We quantified the microbial nutrient limitation by means of vector analysis using the proportional EEAs, and found that microbial metabolism was co-limited by soil C and N. For different desert types, the microbial N limitation increased in the following order: gravel desert < sand desert < mud desert < salt desert. Overall, the study area's climate explained the largest proportion of the variation in the microbial limitation (17.9 %), followed by soil abiotic factors (6.6 %) and biological factors (5.1 %). Our results confirmed that the EEA stoichiometry method can be used in microbial resource ecology research in a range of desert types, and that the soil microorganisms maintained community-level nutrient element homeostasis by adjusting enzyme production to increase uptake of scarce nutrients even in extremely oligotrophic environments such as deserts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China.
| | - Lilong Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yulong Duan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tongliao 028300, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ding Y, Wang D, Zhao G, Chen S, Sun T, Sun H, Wu C, Li Y, Yu Z, Li Y, Chen Z. The contribution of wetland plant litter to soil carbon pool: Decomposition rates and priming effects. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115575. [PMID: 36842702 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant litter input is an important driver of soil/sediment organic carbon (SOC) turnover. A large number of studies have targeted litter-derived C input tracing at a global level. However, little is known about how litter carbon (C) input via various plant tissues affects SOC accumulation and mineralization. Here, we conducted laboratory incubation to investigate the effects of leaf litter and stem litter input on SOC dynamics using the natural 13C isotope technique. A 122-day laboratory incubation period showed that litter input facilitated SOC accumulation. Leaf and stem litter inputs increased soil total organic carbon content by 37.6% and 15.5%, respectively. Leaf litter input had a higher contribution to SOC accumulation than stem litter input. Throughout the incubation period, the δ13C values of stem litter and leaf litter increased by 1.5‰ and 3.3‰, respectively, while δ13CO2 derived from stem litter and δ13CO2 derived from leaf litter decreased by 4.2‰ and 6.1‰, respectively, suggesting that the magnitude of δ13C in litter and δ13CO2 shifts varied, depending on litter tissues. The cumulative CO2-C emissions of leaf litter input treatments were 27.56%-42.47% higher than those of the stem litter input treatments, and thus leaf litter input promoted SOC mineralization more than stem litter input. Moreover, the proportion of increased CO2-C emissions to cumulative CO2-C emissions (57.18%-92.12%) was greater than the proportion of litter C input to total C (18.7%-36.8%), indicating that litter input could stimulate native SOC mineralization, which offsets litter-derived C in the soil. Overall, litter input caused a net increase in SOC accumulation, but it also accelerated the loss of native SOC. These findings provide a reliable basis for assessing SOC stability and net C sink capacity in wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai, 200241, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Taihu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hechen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yizhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801-3028, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenlou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li S, Cui Y, Xia Z, Zhang X, Zhou C, An S, Zhu M, Gao Y, Yu W, Ma Q. Microbial nutrient limitations limit carbon sequestration but promote nitrogen and phosphorus cycling: A case study in an agroecosystem with long-term straw return. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161865. [PMID: 36716869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil fertility can be increased by returning crop residues to fields due to the cooperative regulation of microbial metabolism of carbon (C) and nutrients. However, the dose-effect of straw on the soil C and nutrient retention and its underlying coupled microbial metabolic processes of C and nutrients remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study on soil nutrients and stoichiometry, crop nutrient uptake and production, microbial metabolic characteristics and functional attributes using a long-term straw input field experiment. We estimated the microbial metabolic limitations and efficiency of C and nitrogen (N) use (CUE and NUE) via an enzyme-based vector-TER model, biogeochemical-equilibrium model and mass balance equation, respectively. In addition, the absolute abundances of 20 functional genes involved in the N- and P-cycles were quantified by quantitative PCR-based chip technology. As expected, straw input significantly increased C and N stocks, C: nutrients, crop nutrient uptake and growth. However, the C sequestration efficiency decreased by approximately 6.1 %, and the N2O emission rate increased by 0.5-1.0 times with the increase in straw input rate. Interestingly, the microbial metabolism was more limited by P when straw input was <8 t ha-1 but was reversed when straw input was 12 t ha-1. The enhanced nutrient limitation reduced both the CUE and the NUE of microbes and then upregulated genes associated with the hydrolysis of C, the mineralization of N and P, and denitrification, which consequently influenced C and N losses as well as crop growth. This study highlights that soil C and nutrient cycling are strongly regulated by microbial metabolic limitation, suggesting that adding the appropriate limiting nutrients to reduce nutrient imbalances caused by straw input is conducive to maximizing the ecological benefits of straw return.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuailin Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuqing Xia
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changrui Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siyu An
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wantai Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen J, Ma X, Lu X, Xu H, Chen D, Li Y, Zhou Z, Li Y, Ma S, Yakov K. Long-term phosphorus addition alleviates CO 2 and N 2O emissions via altering soil microbial functions in secondary rather primary tropical forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121295. [PMID: 36822311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests, where the soils are nitrogen (N) rich but phosphorus (P) poor, have a disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) and N cycling. While N deposition substantially alters soil C and N retention in tropical forests, whether P input can alleviate these N-induced effects by regulating soil microbial functions remains unclear. We investigated soil microbial taxonomy and functional traits in response to 10-year independent and interactive effects of N and P additions in a primary and a secondary tropical forest in Hainan Island. In the primary forest, N addition boosted oligotrophic bacteria and phosphatase and enriched genes responsible for C-, P-mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, suggesting aggravated P limitation while N excess. This might stimulate P excavation via organic matter mineralization, and enhance N losses, thereby increasing soil CO2 and N2O emissions by 86% and 110%, respectively. Phosphorus and NP additions elevated C-mining enzymes activity mainly due to intensified C limitation, causing 82% increase in CO2 emission. In secondary forest, P and NP additions reduced phosphatase activity, enriched fungal copiotrophs and increased microbial biomass, suggesting removal of nutrient deficiencies and stimulation of fungal growth. Meanwhile, soil CO2 emission decreased by 25% and N2O emission declined by 52-82% due to alleviated P acquisition from organic matter decomposition and increased microbial C and N immobilization. Overall, N addition accelerates most microbial processes for C and N release in tropical forests. Long-term P addition increases C and N retention via reducing soil CO2 and N2O emissions in the secondary but not primary forest because of strong C limitation to microbial N immobilization. Further, the seasonal and annual variations in CO2 and N2O emissions should be considered in future studies to test the generalization of these findings and predict and model dynamics in greenhouse gas emissions and C and N cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China.
| | - Dexiang Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yide Li
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kuzyakov Yakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang H, Li Q, Xu J. Climate Warming Does Not Override Eutrophication, but Facilitates Nutrient Release from Sediment and Motivates Eutrophic Process. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040910. [PMID: 37110333 PMCID: PMC10143447 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The climate is changing. The average temperature in Wuhan, China, is forecast to increase by at least 4.5 °C over the next century. Shallow lakes are important components of the biosphere, but they are sensitive to climate change and nutrient pollution. We hypothesized that nutrient concentration is the key determinant of nutrient fluxes at the water-sediment interface, and that increased temperature increases nutrient movement to the water column because warming stimulates shifts in microbial composition and function. Here, twenty-four mesocosms, mimicking shallow lake ecosystems, were used to study the effects of warming by 4.5 °C above ambient temperature at two levels of nutrients relevant to current degrees of lake eutrophication levels. This study lasted for 7 months (April–October) under conditions of near-natural light. Intact sediments from two different trophic lakes (hypertrophic and mesotrophic) were used, separately. Environmental factors and bacterial community compositions of overlying water and sediment were measured at monthly intervals (including nutrient fluxes, chlorophyll a [chl a], water conductivity, pH, sediment characteristics, and sediment-water et al.). In low nutrient treatment, warming significantly increased chl a in the overlying waters and bottom water conductivity, it also drives a shift in microbial functional composition towards more conducive sediment carbon and nitrogen emissions. In addition, summer warming significantly accelerates the release of inorganic nutrients from the sediment, to which microorganisms make an important contribution. In high nutrient treatment, by contrast, the chl a was significantly decreased by warming, and the nutrient fluxes of sediment were significantly enhanced, warming had considerably smaller effects on benthic nutrient fluxes. Our results suggest that the process of eutrophication could be significantly accelerated in current projections of global warming, especially in shallow unstratified clear-water lakes dominated by macrophytes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chao L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang Q, Guan X, Yang Q, Chen L, Zhang J, Hu B, Liu Z, Wang S, Freschet GT. Root functional traits determine the magnitude of the rhizosphere priming effect among eight tree species. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chao
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
- Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Xin Guan
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Qingpeng Yang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Longchi Chen
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
| | - Baoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal Univ. Nanning China
| | - Zhanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Silong Wang
- Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Shenyang China
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huitong China
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yan X, Zhang L, Xu Q, Qi L, Yang J, Dong X, Jiang M, Hu M, Zheng J, Yu Y, Miao Y, Han S, Wang D. Effects of Variation in Tamarix chinensis Plantations on Soil Microbial Community Composition in the Middle Yellow River Floodplain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5015. [PMID: 36981923 PMCID: PMC10049481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Floodplains have important ecological and hydrological functions in terrestrial ecosystems, experience severe soil erosion, and are vulnerable to losing soil fertility. Tamarix chinensis Lour. plantation is the main vegetation restoration measure for maintaining soil quality in floodplains. Soil microorganisms are essential for driving biogeochemical cycling processes. However, the effects of sampling location and shrub patch size on soil microbial community composition remain unclear. In this study, we characterized changes in microbial structure, as well as the factors driving them, in inside- and outside-canopy soils of three patch sizes (small, medium, large) of T. chinensis plants in the middle Yellow River floodplain. Compared with the outside-canopy soils, inside-canopy had higher microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), including fungi, bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria (GP), Gram-negative bacteria (GN), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The ratio of fungi to bacteria and GP to GN gradually decreased as shrub patch size increased. Differences between inside-canopy and outside-canopy soils in soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus) and soil salt content increased by 59.73%, 40.75%, 34.41%, and 110.08% from small to large shrub patch size. Changes in microbial community composition were mainly driven by variation in soil organic matter, which accounted for 61.90% of the variation in inside-canopy soils. Resource islands could alter microbial community structure, and this effect was stronger when shrub patch size was large. The results indicated that T. chinensis plantations enhanced the soil nutrient contents (organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus) and elevated soil microbial biomass and changed microbial community composition; T. chinensis plantations might thus provide a suitable approach for restoring degraded floodplain ecosystems.
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu S, Zheng T, Li Y, Zheng X. A critical review of the central role of microbial regulation in the nitrogen biogeochemical process: New insights for controlling groundwater nitrogen contamination. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116959. [PMID: 36473348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of nitrogen (N) input in vadose zones-groundwater systems, N contamination in groundwater has become a global environmental and geological issue that has a profound impact on the ecological environment and human health. N migration in the vadose zone is the most significant means of contaminating the groundwater aquifer. However, the current research on the control of groundwater N contamination focuses solely on the content change of certain indicators and is unable to comprehend the cause and subsequent development of groundwater N contamination. These factors pose significant environmental management challenges in areas where groundwater is contaminated with nitrate. In recent years, research on the migration and transformation behavior of various N forms in vadose zones-groundwater systems has yielded some breakthroughs but also encountered some roadblocks. The biogeochemical behavior of nitrogen consists of a series of intricate chain reaction cycles (called N-cycle). The crucial role of microorganisms in the N biogeochemical process has attracted the interest of soil carbon- and N-cycle researchers and become a hot topic of study. Nonetheless, the role of microbial regulation in groundwater systems has been largely neglected and needs to be summarized immediately. Consequently, this review summarizes recent advancements, mechanisms, and challenges, and proposes a dynamic perspective on microbial regulation. On the basis of these findings, we propose a dynamic and comprehensive groundwater N system centered on microbial regulation. In addition, we critically summarized the migration and transformation behavior of the most recent N indicators, the impact of global environmental change on each N component, and the non-negligible effects of these factors on the control of groundwater N contamination. Future research must focus on the migration and transformation behavior of nitrogen in the deep vadose zone, based on the dynamic regulation of microorganisms, and complete the missing pieces of the developed N-cycle index system. These are essential for providing scientific guidance for global N management and effectively mitigating N contamination in groundwater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education and College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tianyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education and College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yongxia Li
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Sciences CO.,LTD, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xilai Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education and College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jahn LJ, Rekdal VM, Sommer MOA. Microbial foods for improving human and planetary health. Cell 2023; 186:469-478. [PMID: 36657442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current food production system is negatively impacting planetary and human health. A transition to a sustainable and fair food system is urgently needed. Microorganisms are likely enablers of this process, as they can produce delicious and healthy microbial foods with low environmental footprints. We review traditional and current approaches to microbial foods, such as fermented foods, microbial biomass, and food ingredients derived from microbial fermentations. We discuss how future advances in science-driven fermentation, synthetic biology, and sustainable feedstocks enable a new generation of microbial foods, potentially impacting the sustainability, resilience, and health effects of our food system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Jahn
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vayu M Rekdal
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, DTU Biosustain, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McBride SG, Osburn ED, Lucas JM, Simpson JS, Brown T, Barrett JE, Strickland MS. Volatile and Dissolved Organic Carbon Sources Have Distinct Effects on Microbial Activity, Nitrogen Content, and Bacterial Communities in Soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:659-668. [PMID: 35102425 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Variation in microbial use of soil carbon compounds is a major driver of biogeochemical processes and microbial community composition. Available carbon substrates in soil include both low molecular weight-dissolved organic carbon (LMW-DOC) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To compare the effects of LMW-DOC and VOCs on soil chemistry and microbial communities under different moisture regimes, we performed a microcosm experiment with five levels of soil water content (ranging from 25 to 70% water-holding capacity) and five levels of carbon amendment: a no carbon control, two dissolved compounds (glucose and oxalate), and two volatile compounds (methanol and α-pinene). Microbial activity was measured throughout as soil respiration; at the end of the experiment, we measured extractable soil organic carbon and total extractable nitrogen and characterized prokaryotic communities using amplicon sequencing. All C amendments increased microbial activity, and all except oxalate decreased total extractable nitrogen. Likewise, individual phyla responded to specific C amendments-e.g., Proteobacteria increased under addition of glucose, and both VOCs. Further, we observed an interaction between moisture and C amendment, where both VOC treatments had higher microbial activity than LMW-DOC treatments and controls at low moisture. Across moisture and C treatments, we identified that Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were strong predictors of microbial activity, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Thaumarcheota strongly predicted soil extractable nitrogen. These results indicate that the type of labile C source available to soil prokaryotes can influence both microbial diversity and ecosystem function and that VOCs may drive microbial functions and composition under low moisture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G McBride
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Ernest D Osburn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Jane M Lucas
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| | - Julia S Simpson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Penn State, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Taylor Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - J E Barrett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michael S Strickland
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu KL, Chen BY, Zhang B, Wang RH, Wang CS. Understory vegetation diversity, soil properties and microbial community response to different thinning intensities in Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis plantations. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117384. [PMID: 36925469 PMCID: PMC10011715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soil microorganisms are the key factors in elucidating the effects of thinning on tree growth performance, but the effects of vegetation and soil on the species composition and function of soil microorganisms after thinning are still not well elaborated. Methods The effects of thinning on understory vegetation diversity, soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community composition were investigated in a thinning trial plantation of Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis, including four thinning intensities (control: 0%, LIT: 20%, MIT: 30% and HIT: 40%), and the relationships of the microbial community structure with the understory vegetation diversity and soil properties were assessed. Results The results showed that thinning had a greater effect on the diversity of the shrub layer than the herb layer. The soil bulk density and the contents of soil organic matter, total potassium and nitrogen increased with increasing thinning intensities. The Shannon and Chao indices of soil bacteria and fungi were significantly lower in the LIT, MIT and HIT treatments than in the control. Thinning can significantly increase the abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and higher thinning intensities led to a higher relative abundance of Ascomycota and a lower relative abundance of Basidiomycota, Rozellomycota, and Mortierellomycota. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil physicochemical properties rather than understory vegetation diversity were the main drivers of microbial communities, and fungi were more sensitive to soil properties than bacteria. Functional prediction showed that thinning significantly reduced the potential risk of human diseases and plant pathogens, and the nitrogen fixation capacity of bacteria was the highest in the HIT treatment. Thinning significantly increased the relative abundance of cellulolysis and soil saprotrophs in bacteria and fungi. Conclusion The findings provide important insights into the effects of thinning on C. japonica var. sinensis plantation ecosystems, which is essential for developing thinning strategies to promote their ecological and economic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Liu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China.,Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China.,National Long-term Scientific Research Base of Central and Subtropical Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Yao Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China.,National Long-term Scientific Research Base of Central and Subtropical Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Rui-Hui Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China.,National Long-term Scientific Research Base of Central and Subtropical Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ma X, Zhou Z, Chen J, Xu H, Ma S, Dippold MA, Kuzyakov Y. Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization reveals that phosphorus limitation shapes the microbial community composition and functions in tropical montane forest soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158709. [PMID: 36126705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms govern soil nutrient cycling. It is therefore critical to understand their responses to human-induced increases in N and P inputs. We investigated microbial community composition, biomass, functional gene abundance, and enzyme activities in response to 10-year N and P addition in a primary tropical montane forest, and we explored the drivers behind these effects. Fungi were more sensitive to nutrient addition than bacteria, and the fungal community shift was mainly driven by P availability. N addition aggravated P limitation, to which microbes responded by increasing the abundance of P cycling functional genes and phosphatase activity. In contrast, P addition alleviated P deficiency, and thus P cycling functional gene abundance and phosphatase activity decreased. The shift of microbial community composition, changes in functional genes involved in P cycling, and phosphatase activity were mainly driven by P addition, which also induced the alteration of soil stoichiometry (C/P and N/P). Eliminating P deficiency through fertilization accelerated C cycling by increasing the activity of C degradation enzymes. The abundances of C and P functional genes were positively correlated, indicating the intensive coupling of C and P cycling in P-limited forest soil. In summary, a long-term fertilization experiment demonstrated that soil microorganisms could adapt to induced environmental changes in soil nutrient stoichiometry, not only through shifts of microbial community composition and functional gene abundances, but also through the regulation of enzyme production. The response of the microbial community to N and P imbalance and effects of the microbial community on soil nutrient cycling should be incorporated into the ecosystem biogeochemical model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhou
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Han Xu
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Longdong, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Suhui Ma
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, And Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Michaela A Dippold
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen Schnarrenberg strasse 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Su J, Zhang H, Han X, Lv R, Liu L, Jiang Y, Li H, Kuzyakov Y, Wei C. 5300-Year-old soil carbon is less primed than young soil organic matter. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:260-275. [PMID: 36178437 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soils harbor more than three times as much carbon (C) as the atmosphere, a large fraction of which (stable organic matter) serves as the most important global C reservoir due to its long residence time. Litter and root inputs bring fresh organic matter (FOM) into the soil and accelerate the turnover of stable C pools, and this phenomenon is termed the "priming effect" (PE). Compared with knowledge about labile soil C pools, very little is known about the vulnerability of stable C to priming. Using two soils that substantially differed in age (500 and 5300 years before present) and in the degree of chemical recalcitrance and physical protection of soil organic matter (SOM), we showed that leaf litter amendment primed 264% more organic C from the young SOM than from the old soil with very stable C. Hierarchical partitioning analysis confirmed that SOM stability, reflected mainly by available C and aggregate protection of SOM, is the most important predictor of leaf litter-induced PE. The addition of complex FOM (i.e., leaf litter) caused a higher bacterial oligotroph/copiotroph (K-/r-strategists) ratio, leading to a PE that was 583% and 126% greater than when simple FOM (i.e., glucose) was added to the young and old soils, respectively. This implies that the PE intensity depends on the chemical similarity between the primer (here FOM) and SOM. Nitrogen (N) mining existed when N and simple FOM were added (i.e., Glucose+N), and N addition raised the leaf litter-induced PE in the old soil that had low N availability, which was well explained by the microbial stoichiometry. In conclusion, the PE induced by FOM inputs strongly decreases with increasing SOM stability. However, the contribution of stable SOM to CO2 efflux cannot be disregarded due to its huge pool size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruofei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Hui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Cunzheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOOKNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen S, Xiang X, Ma H, Penttinen P, Zheng T, Huang X, Fan G. Response of soil bacterial communities in wheat rhizosphere to straw mulching and N fertilization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982109. [PMID: 36569087 PMCID: PMC9780536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Straw mulching and N fertilization are effective in augmenting crop yields. Since their combined effects on wheat rhizosphere bacterial communities remain largely unknown, our aim was to assess how the bacterial communities respond to these agricultural measures. We studied wheat rhizosphere microbiomes in a split-plot design experiment with maize straw mulching (0 and 8,000 kg straw ha-1) as the main-plot treatment and N fertilization (0, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) as the sub-plot treatment. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. Most of the differences in soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere bacterial communities were detected between the straw mulching (SM) and no straw mulching (NSM) treatments. The contents of soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), NH4 +-N, available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were higher with than without mulching. Straw mulching led to greater abundance, diversity and richness of the rhizosphere bacterial communities. The differences in bacterial community composition were related to differences in soil temperature and SOC, AP and AK contents. Straw mulching altered the soil physiochemical properties, leading to greater bacterial diversity and richness of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, likely mostly due to the increase in SOC content that provided an effective C source for the bacteria. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was high in all treatments and most of the differentially abundant OTUs were proteobacterial. Multiple OTUs assigned to Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria were enriched in the SM treatment. Putative plant growth promoters were enriched both in the SM and NSM treatments. These findings indicate potential strategies for the agricultural management of soil microbiomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongliang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Petri Penttinen
- Department of Microbiology College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaoqiong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Gaoqiong Fan,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schmidt KM, Goldbach HE. Modelling of Lemna minor L. growth as influenced by nutrient supply, supplemental light, CO 2 and harvest intervals for a continuous indoor cultivation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12194. [PMID: 36578429 PMCID: PMC9791820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the proper conditions, Lemna spp. rapidly produce a high amount of valuable biomass which is considered as an alternative source for feed and food. For a continuous and long-term indoor production under controlled conditions, environmental and harvest parameters have to be optimized to suppress algal growth and constantly yield a high-quality product. Experimentally assessing the effect of a larger number of parameters on the growth rate ri is impossible due to the theoretically high number of parameter combinations. Thus, a SIMILE® - based model has been developed. This enables production parameters to be assessed individually for its effect on the growth rate r i by a differential equation. Start values for numerical integration were taken from measured data and analytical solutions of the differential growth equation. At 400 ppm CO2, the regrowth rate ri in an optimized laboratory set-up amounted to 216 g FM·m-2d-1, harvesting one third of the biomass at intervals of 5 days. In up-scaled set-ups, lower regrowth rates ri of about 173 g FM·m-2d-1 (Kalkar) and 190 g FM·m-2d-1 (Berlin) were obtained, because temperature and light conditions were below optimum. At 3,500 ppm CO2, the regrowth rate ri in laboratory set-up increased to 323 g FM·m-2d-1 by shortening the harvest interval to three days. Maximum growth rates ri were obtained with an NH4 +/NO3 - ratio of 1/9 at 1.14 mM total N concentration. The results indicate how to optimize culture conditions and harvest intervals. Model runs closely match the experimental data taken from the three different approaches and thus confirm the validity of the model.
Collapse
|
45
|
Mori T. Microbial nutrient limitation in tropical forest soils determined using the V-T model contradicts the traditional view that C is the major limiting element. TROPICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.ms22-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mori T. Possibly underestimated microbial carbon limitation determined by enzymatic stoichiometry approach: Comments on "Crop rotation stage has a greater effect than fertilisation on soil microbiome assembly and enzymatic stoichiometry". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157931. [PMID: 35952881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Kyushu Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, FFPRI, Kurokami 4-11-16, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu W, Dijkstra P, Hungate BA, Shi L, Dippold MA. In situ diversity of metabolism and carbon use efficiency among soil bacteria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq3958. [PMID: 36332015 PMCID: PMC9635821 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The central carbon (C) metabolic network harvests energy to power the cell and feed biosynthesis for growth. In pure cultures, bacteria use some but not all of the network's major pathways, such as glycolysis and pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways. However, how these pathways are used in microorganisms in intact soil communities is unknown. Here, we analyzed the incorporation of 13C from glucose isotopomers into phospholipid fatty acids. We showed that groups of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in an intact agricultural soil used different pathways to metabolize glucose. They also differed in C use efficiency (CUE), the efficiency with which a substrate is used for biosynthesis. Our results provide experimental evidence for diversity among microbes in the organization of their central carbon metabolic network and CUE under in situ conditions. These results have important implications for our understanding of how community composition affects soil C cycling and organic matter formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Wu
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystem, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Lingling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Economics Plants and Biotechnology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, China and East-Asia Office, Kunming, China
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michaela A. Dippold
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystem, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Geo-Biosphere Interactions, Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kang H, Lee J, Zhou X, Kim J, Yang Y. The Effects of N Enrichment on Microbial Cycling of Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gases in Soils-a Review and a Meta-analysis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:945-957. [PMID: 34725713 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems are typically nitrogen (N) limited, but recent years have witnessed N enrichment in various soil ecosystems caused by human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer application. This enrichment may alter microbial processes in soils in a way that would increase the emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), thereby aggravating global climate change. This review focuses on the effects of N enrichment on methanogens and methanotrophs, which play a central role in the dynamics of CH4 at the global scale. We also address the effects of N enrichment on N2O, which is produced in soils mainly by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, N enrichment inhibits methanogenesis in pure culture experiments, while its effects on CH4 oxidation are more complicated. The majority of previous studies reported that N enrichment, especially NH4+ enrichment, inhibits CH4 oxidation, resulting in higher CH4 emissions from soils. However, both activation and neutral responses have also been reported, particularly in rice paddies and landfill sites, which is well reflected in our meta-analysis. In contrast, N enrichment substantially increases N2O emission by both nitrification and denitrification, which increases proportionally to the amount of N amended. Future studies should address the effects of N enrichment on the active microbes of those functional groups at multiple scales along with parameterization of microbial communities for the application to climate models at the global scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojeong Kang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yerang Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tracing Carbon Metabolism with Stable Isotope Metabolomics Reveals the Legacy of Diverse Carbon Sources in Soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0083922. [PMID: 36300927 PMCID: PMC9680644 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00839-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon metabolism in soil remains poorly described due to the inherent difficulty of obtaining information on the microbial metabolites produced by complex soil communities. Our study demonstrates the use of stable isotope probing (SIP) to study carbon metabolism in soil by tracking
13
C from supplied carbon sources into metabolite pools and biomass.
Collapse
|
50
|
Loss of grazing by large mammalian herbivores can destabilize the soil carbon pool. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211317119. [PMID: 36252005 PMCID: PMC9618051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211317119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing by mammalian herbivores can be a climate mitigation strategy as it influences the size and stability of a large soil carbon (soil-C) pool (more than 500 Pg C in the world's grasslands, steppes, and savannas). With continuing declines in the numbers of large mammalian herbivores, the resultant loss in grazer functions can be consequential for this soil-C pool and ultimately for the global carbon cycle. While herbivore effects on the size of the soil-C pool and the conditions under which they lead to gain or loss in soil-C are becoming increasingly clear, their effect on the equally important aspect of stability of soil-C remains unknown. We used a replicated long-term field experiment in the Trans-Himalayan grazing ecosystem to evaluate the consequences of herbivore exclusion on interannual fluctuations in soil-C (2006 to 2021). Interannual fluctuations in soil-C and soil-N were 30 to 40% higher after herbivore exclusion than under grazing. Structural equation modeling suggested that grazing appears to mediate the stabilizing versus destabilizing influences of nitrogen (N) on soil-C. This may explain why N addition stimulates soil-C loss in the absence of herbivores around the world. Herbivore loss, and the consequent decline in grazer functions, can therefore undermine the stability of soil-C. Soil-C is not inert but a very dynamic pool. It can provide nature-based climate solutions by conserving and restoring a functional role of large mammalian herbivores that extends to the stoichiometric coupling between soil-C and soil-N.
Collapse
|