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Oncu A, Celikten B, Aydın B, Amasya G, Tuncay E, Eskiler GG, Açık L, Sevimay FS. Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and hypochlorous acid on dentinal surfaces infected with Enterococcus faecalis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2094-2102. [PMID: 38683025 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Enterococcus faecalis and compare it with different irrigation solutions. This study was performed using 64 dentin blocks. E. faecalis suspension was dispensed to each sample and incubated under anaerobic conditions at 37°C throughout 21 days. After the inoculation period, the following solutions were added to each group and kept for 5 min: Group 1, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group 2, 2.5% NaOCl; Group 3, 1% NaOCl; Group 4, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 5, 200 ppm hypochlorous acid (HOCl); and Group 6, AgNPs. The samples of positive control were treated with sterile saline. Biofilm viability assay was performed using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. Samples were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 1%NaOCl groups (p > .05). However, these groups showed statistically higher antibacterial activity than the 2% CHX, 200 ppm HOCl, and AgNP groups. Also, 2% CHX showed greater percentage of dead cells compared with the AgNP and HOCl groups. While AgNPs group showed lower dead cell rate than all NaOCl groups and 2% CHX, it caused higher dead cells than 200 ppm HOCl group. The 200 ppm HOCl group showed the lowest percentage of dead cells (p < .05) Although the antibacterial effect of AgNPs is not as high as NaOCl and CHX, it has considerable bactericidal activity against E. faecalis and can be improved by further studies. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: New antimicrobial approaches for root canal irrigation. Antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles against E. faecalis. Elimination of the biofilm layer for the success of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Oncu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkan Celikten
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulin Amasya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gamze Guney Eskiler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Açık
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Semra Sevimay
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Basudan S, Alqahtani A, Alrwais F, Almeaither R, Auda S, Balto HA. Antibiofilm effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles combined with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm: An ex vivo study. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 39140393 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm activity of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. On an E. faecalis biofilm on dentin discs, the following medicaments were applied for 7 days (n = 13/group): 0.005% AgNPs+Ca(OH)2, 0.01% AgNPs+Ca(OH)2, 0.02% AgNPs + Ca(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 and saline/control. Specimens were stained with LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ dye and analysed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Proportion of dead bacteria was calculated and analysed. There was a significant reduction in E. faecalis biofilm in all medicament groups (43.5%, 49.1%, 69.1%, 48.7%) respectively, compared with control group (2.54%) (p < 0.001). The 0.02% AgNPs + Ca(OH)2 group demonstrated the most significantly superior antibiofilm effect, with no significant difference between remaining groups. In conclusion, combining 0.02% AgNPs enhanced the antibiofilm effect of Ca(OH)2 on E. faecalis biofilm compared with lower AgNPs concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Basudan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alqahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Alrwais
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Now Works at Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Almeaither
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Auda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Balto
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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He Y, Zhang Y, Hu F, Chen M, Wang B, Li Y, Xu H, Dong N, Zhang C, Hu Y, Lin Z, Peng Y, Ye Q, Luo L. Photosensitive Hydrogels Encapsulating DPSCs and AgNPs for Dental Pulp Regeneration. Int Dent J 2024; 74:836-846. [PMID: 38369441 PMCID: PMC11287144 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulp regeneration with bioactive dentin-pulp complex has been a research hotspot in recent years. Stem cell therapy provided an interest strategy to regenerate the dental-pulp complex. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of photosensitive gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel encapsulating dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for dental pulp regeneration in vitro. METHODS First, the AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels were prepared by lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl phosphinate (LAP) initiation via blue-light emitting diode light. The physical and chemical properties of AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels were comprehensively analysed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical characterisation, such as swelling ability, degradation properties, and AgNP release profile. Then, AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels encapsulated DPSCs were used to establish an AgNPs@GelMA biomimetic complex, further analysing its biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and angiogenic capacity in vitro. RESULTS The results indicated that GelMA hydrogels demontrated optimal characteristics with a monomer:LAP ratio of 16:1. The physico-chemical properties of AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels did not change significantly after loading with AgNPs. There was no significant difference in AgNP release rate amongst different concentrations of AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels. Fifty to 200 μg/mL AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels could disperse E faecalis biofilm and reduce its metabolic activity . Furthermore, cell proliferation was arrested in 100 and 200 μg/mL AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels. The inhibition of 50 μg/mL AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels on E faecalis biofilm was above 50%, and the cell viability of the hydrogels was higher than 90%. The angiogenesis assay indicated that AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels encapsulating DPSCs could induce the formation of capillary-like structures and express angiogenic markers CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor , and von willebrand factor (vWF) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that 50 μg/mL AgNPs@GelMA hydrogels encapsulating DPSCs had significant antibacterial properties and angiogenic capacity, which could provide a significant experimental basis for the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengting Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ben Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yejian Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haichao Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Dong
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfan Hu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youjian Peng
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lihua Luo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Roig X, Halbaut L, Elmsmari F, Pareja R, Arrien A, Duran-Sindreu F, Delgado LM, Espina M, García ML, Sánchez JAG, Sánchez-López E. Calcium hydroxide-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in thermosensitive gel as a novel intracanal medicament. Int Endod J 2024; 57:907-921. [PMID: 38374518 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Design, produce and assess the viability of a novel nanotechnological antibacterial thermo-sensible intracanal medicament This involves encapsulating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) within polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersing them in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel). In addition, perform in vitro and ex vivo assessments to evaluate tissue irritation and penetration capacity into dentinal tubules in comparison to free Ca(OH)2. METHODOLOGY Reproducibility of Ca(OH)₂-NPs was confirmed by obtaining the average size of the NPs, their polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Moreover, rheological studies of Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel were carried out with a rheometer, studying the oscillatory stress sweep, the mean viscosity value, frequency and temperature sweeps. Tolerance was assessed using the membrane of an embryonated chicken egg. In vitro Ca(OH)2 release was studied by direct dialysis in an aqueous media monitoring the amount of Ca(OH)2 released. Six extracted human teeth were used to study the depth of penetration of fluorescently labelled Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel into the dentinal tubules and significant differences against free Ca(OH)2 were calculated using one-way anova. RESULTS Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel demonstrated to be highly reproducible with an average size below 200 nm, a homogeneous NPs population, negative surface charge and high entrapment efficiency. The analysis of the thermosensitive gel allowed us to determine its rheological characteristics, showing that at 10°C gels owned a fluid-like behaviour meanwhile at 37°C they owned an elastic-like behaviour. Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel showed a prolonged drug release and the depth of penetration inside the dentinal tubules increased in the most apical areas. In addition, it was found that this drug did not produce irritation when applied to tissues such as eggs' chorialantoidonic membrane. CONCLUSION Calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA NPs dispersed in a thermosensitive gel may constitute a suitable alternative as an intracanal antibacterial medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rubén Pareja
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aizea Arrien
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis María Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Doğan Çankaya T, Uğur Aydın Z, Erdönmez D. The effect of the enzymes trypsin and DNase I on the antimicrobial efficiency of root canal irrigation solutions. Odontology 2024; 112:929-937. [PMID: 38280114 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of using 2.5% NaOCl, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), Irritrol, and chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (AgCNPs) alone or in combination with deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) and trypsin pre-enzyme applications in dentin samples contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) by CLSM. 144 dentin blocks with confirmed E. faecalis biofilm formation were divided randomly according to the irrigation protocol (n = 12): NaOCl, CHX, Irritrol, AgCNPs, trypsin before NaOCl, CHX, Irritrol, AgCNPs, and DNase I before NaOCl, CHX, Irritrol, AgCNPs. Dentin blocks were stained with the Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit and viewed with CLSM after irrigation applications. The percentage of dead and viable bacteria was calculated using ImageJ software on CLSM images. At a significance level of p < 0.05, the obtained data were analyzed using one-way Anova and post-hoc Tukey tests. In comparison with NaOCl, CHX had a higher percentage of dead bacteria, both when no pre-enzyme was applied and when DNase I was applied as a pre-enzyme (p < 0.05). There was no difference in the percentage of dead bacteria between the irrigation solutions when trypsin was applied as a pre-enzyme (p > 0.05). AgCNPs showed a higher percentage of dead bacteria when trypsin was applied as a pre-enzyme compared to other irrigation solutions (p < 0.05), while the pre-enzyme application did not affect the percentage of dead bacteria in NaOCl, CHX, and Irritrol (p > 0.05). No irrigation protocol tested was able to eliminate the E. faecalis biofilm. While the application of trypsin as a pre-enzyme improved the antimicrobial effect of AgCNPs, it did not make any difference over other irrigation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülin Doğan Çankaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Zeliha Uğur Aydın
- Department of Endodontics, Gülhane Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
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Xiao S, Sun G, Huang S, Lin C, Li Y. Nanoarchitectonics-Based Materials as a Promising Strategy in the Treatment of Endodontic Infections. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:759. [PMID: 38931881 PMCID: PMC11207628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic infections arise from the interactive activities of microbial communities colonizing in the intricate root canal system. The present study aims to update the latest knowledge of nanomaterials, their antimicrobial mechanisms, and their applications in endodontics. A detailed literature review of the current knowledge of nanomaterials used in endodontic applications was performed using the PubMed database. Antimicrobial nanomaterials with a small size, large specific surface area, and high chemical activity are introduced to act as irrigants, photosensitizer delivery systems, and medicaments, or to modify sealers. The application of nanomaterials in the endodontic field could enhance antimicrobial efficiency, increase dentin tubule penetration, and improve treatment outcomes. This study supports the potential of nanomaterials as a promising strategy in treating endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suli Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen 361018, China;
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361003, China;
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen 361003, China
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Yu Y, Kong N, Hou Z, Men L, Yang P, Wang Z. Sponge-like porous polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan-based hydrogel with integrated cushioning, pH-indicating and antibacterial functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132904. [PMID: 38862323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing a packaging material with integrated cushioning, intelligent and active functions is highly desired but remains challenging in the food industry. Here we show that a sponge-like porous hydrogel with pH-indicating and antibacterial additives can meet this requirement. We use polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan as the primary polymers to construct a hydrogel with hierarchical structures through a freeze-casting method in combination with salting-out treatment. The synergy of aggregated polymer chains and the sponge-like porous structure makes the hydrogel resilient and efficient in energy absorption. It also enables rapid movement of molecules/particles and fast reaction due to the large specific surface area of the pore structures and the large amount of free water in it, leading to a sensitive pH-indicating function. The hydrogel shows an obvious color variation within a wide pH range in 3 min. The silver nanoparticles are fixed in the dense polymer networks, enabling a lasting release of silver ions. The porous structure makes the silver ion reach the protected item in a short time, achieving an antibacterial effect against S. aureus and E. coli with little cytotoxicity. This work paves the way for fabricating multifunctional hydrogels for diverse advanced packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Libo Men
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Zhengjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Yu M, Li Y, Zhao M, Huang Z, Zhou N, Jin H. Computational fluid dynamics investigation on the irrigation of a real root canal with a side-vented needle. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:321. [PMID: 38461300 PMCID: PMC10924978 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root canal therapy is one of the main treatments for root canal diseases, and effective irrigation is the key to successful treatment. Side-vented needle is one of the commonly used needle types in clinic. In the real root canal, due to the influence of the curvature of the root canal, the irrigation flow field in different needle directions shows obvious differences. At the same time, changes in root canal curvature and working depth will lead to changes in irrigation efficiency and the flow field. Both the mainstream of the irrigation flow and the shear stress near the wall changes significant. Consequently, either the replacement in the root canal or the removal efficiency of the smear layers is apparently modified. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, the permanent root canal of the maxillary first molar prepared until 15/04 were scanned by micro-CT, and then imported into the software for 3D reconstruction. The key parameters of flushing efficiency of 30G side needle at different working depths of 4.75 mm, 5 mm, 5.25 mm and 5.5 mm were compared. Meanwhile, the simulated models with different curvatures of 0°, 5°, 10°, 20° and 30° based on the real root canal were reconstructed to investigate the curvature effect on the irrigation efficiency. RESULTS The results show that moderate working depth (such as 4.75 mm and 5.25 mm in present paper) helps to improve the replacement capacity of irrigation flow. At the same time, the apical pressure decreased as the working depth increased. The curvature of the root canal seriously affects the removal depth of the smear layers of the root canal. A root canal with a large curvature (especially 20° and 30°) can significantly improve the difficulty of irrigation. CONCLUSIONS (1) Moderate working depth helps to improve the displacement capacity, the ERD of the irrigation flow is generally improved at the working depths of 4.75 mm and 5.25 mm, and the apical pressure will decrease with the increase of working depth. (2) The large curvature of the root canal can significantly improve the difficulty of irrigation. The curvature of the root canal can severely influence the removal depth of the smear layer on the wall. It can be found both the span and the depth of the ESS for little curvatures (5° and 10°) root canals are higher than those for large curvatures (20° and 30°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Yu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Aerosol Science and Technology Laboratory, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Aerosol Science and Technology Laboratory, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdie Zhao
- Aerosol Science and Technology Laboratory, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqiu Huang
- Aerosol Science and Technology Laboratory, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhou
- Aerosol Science and Technology Laboratory, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanhui Jin
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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Elmsmari F, Delgado LM, Duran-Sindreu F, Pérez RA, García ML, Teulé Trull M, Afrashtehfar KI, González JA, Sánchez-López E. Novel strategies enhancing endodontic disinfection: Antibacterial biodegradable calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in an ex vivo model. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123627. [PMID: 37984620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high failure rates associated to endodontic disinfection, this study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Ca(OH)2 for endodontic disinfection procedures. Ca(OH)2 NPs production and physicochemical characterization were carried out as well as multiple antibacterial tests using three bacterial strains and an ex vivo model of endodontic infection with extracted human teeth. Agar diffusion test and broth dilution determined the inhibition growth zones (n = 5) and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC, n = 5), respectively. Cell viability was assessed using Live/Dead staining with confocal microscopy (n = 5). Data was analysed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis. After 24 h of incubation, Ca(OH)₂ NPs demonstrated a MIC of 10 µg/mL for Porphyromonas gingivalis (p < 0.001) and Enterococcus faecalis and 5 µg/mL for Fusobacterium nucleatum (p < 0.001). Although the agar diffusion test did not exhibit any inhibition area for Ca(OH)2 nor for Ca(OH)₂ NPs, this was probably due to the buffering effect of the agar medium. However, the antibacterial capacity was confirmed in an ex vivo model, where instrumentalized teeth were infected with Enterococcus Faecalis and treated after 28 days of culture. A significant reduction in bacterial metabolic activity was confirmed for Ca(OH)2 NPs (40 % reduction with a single dose) and confirmed by Live/Dead staining. In conclusion, Ca(OH)₂-loaded PLGA NPs present promising antibacterial efficacy for endodontic disinfection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luis María Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Román A Pérez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Míriam Teulé Trull
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - José Antonio González
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Capuano N, Amato A, Dell’Annunziata F, Giordano F, Folliero V, Di Spirito F, More PR, De Filippis A, Martina S, Amato M, Galdiero M, Iandolo A, Franci G. Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Application in Endodontics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1690. [PMID: 38136724 PMCID: PMC10740835 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal treatment represents a significant challenge as current cleaning and disinfection methodologies fail to remove persistent bacterial biofilms within the intricate anatomical structures. Recently, the field of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising frontier with numerous biomedical applications. Among the most notable contributions of nanotechnology are nanoparticles, which possess antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Nanoparticles cause the destructuring of bacterial walls, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane, stimulating the generation of reactive oxygen species, and interrupting the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid through the controlled release of ions. Thus, they could revolutionize endodontics, obtaining superior results and guaranteeing a promising short- and long-term prognosis. Therefore, chitosan, silver, graphene, poly(lactic) co-glycolic acid, bioactive glass, mesoporous calcium silicate, hydroxyapatite, zirconia, glucose oxidase magnetic, copper, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in endodontic therapy have been investigated in the present review. The diversified antimicrobial mechanisms of action, the numerous applications, and the high degree of clinical safety could encourage the scientific community to adopt nanoparticles as potential drugs for the treatment of endodontic diseases, overcoming the limitations related to antibiotic resistance and eradication of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Capuano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Pragati Rajendra More
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Stefano Martina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (P.R.M.); (A.D.F.); (M.G.)
- Complex Operative Unity of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (N.C.); (F.D.); (F.G.); (V.F.); (F.D.S.); (S.M.); (M.A.)
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11
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Teja KV, Janani K, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D, Natoli V, Di Blasio M, Cicciu M, Minervini G. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:849. [PMID: 37951871 PMCID: PMC10638705 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to compare the synergistic antibacterial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The current study included four hundred extracted human permanent mandibular premolar teeth. After complete chemo-mechanical preparation, the middle third of the root was sectioned using a rotary diamond disc and a total of 400 samples were obtained. The specimens were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. After that, specimens were divided into five groups (n = 80) based on materials used for the disinfection of samples: Group I, calcium hydroxide alone; Group II, calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel; Group III, calcium hydroxide + 2% chitosan gel; Group IV, calcium hydroxide + 0.02% silver nanoparticle gel; Group V, calcium hydroxide + Bioactive glass S53P4. Dentin shavings from the apical third were obtained from the inner third of dentin were obtained using gates glidden no.1 to the apical depth, followed by no.2, 3, 4 and 5 analyzed for E. faecalis using the culture method. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis, followed by post-hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparisons of means to check the difference in bacterial inhibition between the groups. RESULTS ANOVA results revealed a significant reduction of bacterial counts in all the groups compared (p < 0.001). Intergroup comparison showed maximum bacterial reduction (p < 0.001) with calcium hydroxide + bioactive glass S53P4 compared with other groups. CONCLUSION Synergistic effect of calcium hydroxide showed better bacterial reduction compared to calcium hydroxide alone. Among the combinations evaluated, calcium hydroxide with bioactive glass, found to be most effective compared to other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishnamchari Janani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, 72345, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Valentino Natoli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Center of Dentistry, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Macro Cicciu
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80121, Naples, Italy
- Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Saavetha Dental College, Chennai, India
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12
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Nepal A, Tran HD, Nguyen NT, Ta HT. Advances in haemostatic sponges: Characteristics and the underlying mechanisms for rapid haemostasis. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:231-256. [PMID: 37122895 PMCID: PMC10130630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In traumatized patients, the primary cause of mortality is uncontrollable continuous bleeding and unexpected intraoperative bleeding which is likely to increase the risk of complications and surgical failure. High expansion sponges are effective clinical practice for the treatment of wound bleeding (irregular/deep/narrow) that are caused by capillaries, veins and even arterioles as they possess a high liquid absorption ratio so can absorb blood platelets easily in comparison with traditional haemostasis treatments, which involve compression, ligation, or electrical coagulation etc. When in contact with blood, haemostatic sponges can cause platelet adhesion, aggregation, and thrombosis, preventing blood from flowing out from wounds, triggering the release of coagulation factors, causing the blood to form a stable polymerized fibre protein, forming blood clots, and achieving the goal of wound bleeding control. Haemostatic sponges are found in a variety of shapes and sizes. The aim of this review is to facilitate an overview of recent research around haemostatic sponge materials, products, and technology. This paper reviews the synthesis, properties, and characteristics of haemostatic sponges, together with the haemostasis mechanisms of haemostatic sponges (composite materials), such as chitosan, cellulose, gelatin, starch, graphene oxide, hyaluronic acid, alginate, polyethylene glycol, silk fibroin, synthetic polymers silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles. Also, this paper reviews commercial sponges and their properties. In addition to this, we discuss various in-vitro/in-vivo approaches for the evaluation of the effect of sponges on haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Nepal
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Huong D.N. Tran
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Hang Thu Ta
- Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Bioscience Discipline, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- Corresponding author. Bioscience Department, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia..
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13
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Bapat RA, Libat R, Yuin OS, Parolia A, Ilyas MS, Khan AS, Kay MK, Pichika MR, Saxena K, Seow LL, Sidhu P, Daood U. Antimicrobial FiteBac® K21 promotes antimicrobial Potency and wound healing. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19282. [PMID: 37664740 PMCID: PMC10469996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Successful root canal therapy is dependent on the efficacy of complete instrumentation and adequate use of chemical irrigant to eliminate the biofilm from dentin surface. The aim of the study was to examine antibiofilm and antimicrobial effectiveness of newly formulated Quaternary ammonium silane (QAS/also codenamed K21; against Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm on radicular dentin with evaluation of the anti-inflammatory consequence in vivo. Methods Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed after complete hydrolysis of K21 solution. Human teeth were inoculated with biofilms for 7-days followed by treatment with various irrigants. The irrigant groups were Sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl (6%)], Chlorhexidine [CHX (2%)], K21 (0.5%), K21 (1%) and Saline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for biofilm and resin-dentin penetration. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) of biofilms was done to evaluate application of K21. For in vivo evaluation, Albino wistar rats were injected subcutaneously and sections were stained with haematoxylin/eosin. Macrophage, M1/M2 expression were evaluated along with molecular simulation. Raman measurements were done on dried biofilms. Results FTIR K21 specimens demonstrated presence of ethanol/silanol groups. Raman band at 1359 cm-1 resemble to -CH2- wagging displaying 29Si atoms in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). 0.5%K21 showed cells exhibiting folded membranes. SEM showed staggering amount of resin tags with 0.5% K21 group. TEM showed membrane disruption in K21-groups. K21 groups were initially irritant, which subsided completely afterwards showing increased CD68. K21 and MMP/collagen complex was thermodynamically favourable. Conclusion K21 root canal irrigant was able to penetrate bacterial wall and can serve as a potential irrigant for therapeutic benefits. Expression of M2 polarized subsets showed K21 can serve in resolving inflammation and potentiate tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rikan Libat
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ong Shu Yuin
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mak Kit Kay
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Liang Lin Seow
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Gomes BPFA, Aveiro E, Kishen A. Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:1-33. [PMID: 37909632 PMCID: PMC10642269 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal infections are typically polymicrobial and involve strong bacterial interactions. The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove infected content from the root canal system to allow the healing of a pre-existing periapical lesion or to prevent infection of the periradicular tissues. Instrumentation alone is not capable of touching all of the root canal walls. Therefore, the irrigation process is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. However, due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, this cleaning is very challenging. Although syringe and needle irrigation associated with the use of chemical substances is still the most used method, it does not guarantee optimal cleaning of the root canals. As a result, not only alternative irrigating substances but also numerous activation systems - which are technologies that aim to optimize the action of irrigating substances, both chemically and physically - have been developed. This work aimed to review the characteristics of both classic and current alternatives of irrigating substances and irrigation activation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P. F. A. Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics,
Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Emelly Aveiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics,
Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Anil Kishen
- Department of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada
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15
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Barros MC, Pedrinha VF, Graeff MSZ, Bramante CM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. A new model of in vitro dentin intratubular contamination for Fusobacterium nucleatum: Validation by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18042. [PMID: 37539102 PMCID: PMC10395344 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To test and validate a new protocol for in vitro contamination of dentinal tubules using Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), in addition to evaluating the effectiveness of conventional endodontic irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CLX) on this biofilm. Material and methods Thirty lower premolars were contaminated with F. nucleatum (ATCC 51190) for 7 days under anaerobic conditions using the proposed new model. The specimens were divided into a control group and experimental groups, according to the irrigants: NaOCl 2.5% and CLX 2%. Then, the samples were submitted for analysis by CLSM and the LIVE/DEAD technique to quantify bacterial viability. Data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-test. Results The CLSM images obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed new contamination protocol, with a high percentage of viable bacteria in relation to the treated groups (p < 0.05). Lower viability values were observed for the 2.5% NaOCl group. Conclusion The new contamination protocol resulted in a high and homogeneous percentage of viable bacteria in the dentinal tubules in all specimens evaluated. Both irrigating solutions proved to be effective in reducing the intratubular microbiota, especially 2.5% NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Cesar Barros
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Feliz Pedrinha
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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16
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Dede M, Basche S, Neunzehn J, Dannemann M, Hannig C, Kühne MT. Efficacy of Endodontic Disinfection Protocols in an E. faecalis Biofilm Model-Using DAPI Staining and SEM. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040176. [PMID: 37103266 PMCID: PMC10145082 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfection protocols in a novel Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model based on a visualization method and to evaluate the potential alteration of dentinal surface. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were allocated to 6 groups with different irrigation protocols. The assessment of the effectiveness of each protocol and the alteration of dentinal surface were visualized by using SEM and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI). A dense E. faecalis biofilm with a penetration depth of 289 μm (medial part of the root canal) and 93 μm (apical part) validated that the biofilm model had been successfully implemented. A significant difference between the 3% NaOCl groups and all the other groups in both observed parts of the root canal (p < 0.05) was detected. However, the SEM analysis revealed that the dentinal surface in the 3% NaOCl groups was severely altered. The established biofilm model and the visualization method based on DAPI are appropriate for bacterial quantification and evaluation of the depth effect of different disinfection protocols in the root canal system. The combination of 3% NaOCl with 20% EDTA or MTAD with PUI allows the decontamination of deeper dentine zones within the root canal but simultaneously alters the dentinal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dede
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sabine Basche
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Neunzehn
- Vertriebsgesellschaft GmbH, Geistlich Biomaterials, Schneidweg 5, 76534 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, Institute of Energy and Transport Engineering, Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau, 08056 Zwickau, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Kühne
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Banci HA, Melo FSD, Soares LS, Spin-Neto R, Duarte MAH, Cintra LTA, Dos Santos PH, Sivieri-Araujo G. In vitro study on how photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide medication influence adhesive interface properties of glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 141:105757. [PMID: 36924612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study evaluated the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using methylene blue (MB) as photosensitizer (PS) and calcium hydroxide (CH) as intracanal medication on adhesive bond strength, sealing, and integrity of the luting interface of glass-fiber posts to different thirds of endodontically treated root canal dentin. MATERIAL AND METHODS 102 incisors were sorted into 6 groups: a negative control irrigated with deionized water; a positive control irrigated with deionized water and filled with CH; CH + MB 50 mg/L without laser radiation; CH + MB 100 mg/L without laser radiation; CH + MB 50 mg/L radiated by red laser; and CH + MB 100 mg/L radiated by red laser. Push-out bond strength (n = 8), adhesive interface sealing (n = 3), and volume and quantification of voids (n = 6) were assessed using a universal testing machine, confocal laser scanning microscope, and computerized microtomography, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs were obtained from representative samples to qualify the fracture patterns. Push-out bond strength and adhesive interface integrity data were subjected to 2-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Adhesive interface sealing was evaluated by the inter-examiner Kappa test and submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunns tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Assessing the apical region, the positive control and MB100WA + Ca(OH)2 groups showed lower adhesive bond strength compared to the MB100A + Ca(OH)2 group (P < 0.05). The cervical third showed higher bond strength than the apical third for the positive control, MB50WA + Ca(OH)2, MB100WA + Ca(OH)2, and MB50A + Ca(OH)2 groups (P < 0.05). A prevalence of mixed failure was observed in all experimental groups. There were no statistically significant differences in adhesive interface sealing for any of the parameters assessed (P > 0.05). MB100WA + Ca(OH)2 and MB100A + Ca(OH)2 groups promoted a higher volume and quantification of voids compared to the negative control group evaluating the cervical third (P < 0.05). In general, there were no differences in the quantification of voids comparing the intraradicular thirds (P > 0.05), differently to the volume of voids in which, in general, the cervical third promoted higher values compared to the middle and apical thirds (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION aPDT with methylene blue PS at 50 mg/L associated with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication demonstrated satisfactory bond strength, sealing, and integrity of the adhesive interface at any intraradicular depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Henrique Augusto Banci
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Santos de Melo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Silva Soares
- Etec Araçatuba -Public School, Centro Paula Souza Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Section of Oral Radiology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Dental Research Institute, University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Afkhami F, Forghan P, Gutmann JL, Kishen A. Silver Nanoparticles and Their Therapeutic Applications in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:715. [PMID: 36986576 PMCID: PMC10052550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient elimination of microorganisms and their byproducts from infected root canals is compromised by the limitations in conventional root canal disinfection strategies and antimicrobials. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are advantageous for root canal disinfection, mainly due to their wide-spectrum anti-microbial activity. Compared to other commonly used nanoparticulate antibacterials, AgNPs have acceptable antibacterial properties and relatively low cytotoxicity. Owing to their nano-scale, AgNPs penetrate deeper into the complexities of the root canal systems and dentinal tubules, as well as enhancing the antibacterial properties of endodontic irrigants and sealers. AgNPs gradually increase the dentin hardness in endodontically treated teeth and promote antibacterial properties when used as a carrier for intracanal medication. The unique properties of AgNPs make them an ideal additive for different endodontic biomaterials. However, the possible side effects of AgNPs, such as cytotoxicity and tooth discoloration potential, merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1439955991, Iran
| | - Parisa Forghan
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1894787545, Iran
| | - James L. Gutmann
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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19
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Eskandari F, Abbaszadegan A, Gholami A, Ghahramani Y. The antimicrobial efficacy of graphene oxide, double antibiotic paste, and their combination against Enterococcus faecalis in the root canal treatment. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36639767 PMCID: PMC9840282 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-appointment medication of the root canals with appropriate intracanal medicaments has been advocated to improve root canal disinfection. Graphene oxide (GO) has shown promising antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, besides the capability of carrying antibiotics. The current study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of double antibiotic paste (DAP) and GO per se and in combination (GO-DAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). METHODS A total of 108 extracted human mandibular premolars were contaminated with three-week-old E. faecalis and subjected to a primary microbial assessment. The samples were categorized into 15 groups concerning the intracanal medicament (DAP, GO, GO-DAP, and control) and contact time (1, 7, and 14 days). Then, the root canals were medicated, incubated, and resubjected to a secondary antimicrobial evaluation. The colony-forming units (CFU) were counted to calculate the antimicrobial efficacy. The data were analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS GO-DAP was the only medicament that completely eradicated E. faecalis in 1 day. The percentage reduction of CFU/ml in the GO-DAP and DAP groups was higher than that in the GO group at all allocated contact times. Furthermore, a significant decrease of the CFU/ml was seen in the GO and DAP groups after 7 and 14 days of being medicated (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Since GO-DAP improved root canal disinfection, this novel material can be introduced as a promising intracanal medicament against E. faecalis even in the short run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Eskandari
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Abbaszadegan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasrdasht Street, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasamin Ghahramani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasrdasht Street, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran.
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20
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Tanvir Z, Jabin Z, Agarwal N, Anand A, Waikhom N. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver solution, Azadirachta indica, sodium hypochlorite, and normal saline as root canal irrigants in primary teeth. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:76-82. [PMID: 37282416 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_74_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microorganisms are the main cause of pulpal and periapical diseases. Hence, the elimination of such potential microbes is achieved by endodontic treatment. Mechanical preparation is the main mechanism to reduce the bacterial load in canals which is enhanced by intracanal irrigants. Despite these procedures, some bacteria might persist within the canals. It is important to disinfect the pulp space and dentinal tubules thoroughly with an effective endodontic irrigant to prevent reinfection of a treated root canal. Aim This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of nanosilver (NS) Solution, Azadirachta indica, sodium hypochlorite, and normal saline when used as irrigants in infected root canals of primary teeth. Settings and Design The study was a prospective randomized control trial which was conducted as per the consort statement. Materials and Methods Eighty pulpally involved primary teeth requiring endodontic treatment of children aged 5-12 years were selected for this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to 4 groups (3 irrigant and control groups) consisting of 20 children each where Group I = NS solution, Group II = A. indica, Group III = Sodium hypochlorite (2.5%), and Group IV = Control group. Microbiological samples were collected at the baseline (before irrigation) and postirrigation after biomechanical preparation using the selected irrigant. The samples were subjected to an anaerobic bacterial culture test. Microbial colonies were identified and expressed as colony forming units per milliliter. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Paired t-test, and Post hoc Bonferroni test. Results NS solution showed the highest mean of 4.384 × 103 ± 1.019 followed by Sodium hypochlorite with a mean of 3.500 × 103 ± 1.193 and A. indica of 2.590 × 103 ± 0.778. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, NS solution can be used as an alternative to other root canal irrigating solutions in primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tanvir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zohra Jabin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Anand
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandita Waikhom
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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21
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Algazlan AS, Almuraikhi N, Muthurangan M, Balto H, Alsalleeh F. Silver Nanoparticles Alone or in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide Modulate the Viability, Attachment, Migration, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:702. [PMID: 36614148 PMCID: PMC9821315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) on the proliferation, viability, attachment, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Different concentrations of AgNPs alone or mixed with Ca(OH)2 were prepared. Cell proliferation was measured using AlamarBlue, and hMSCs attachment to dentin disks was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Live-dead imaging was performed to assess apoptosis. Wound healing ability was determined using the scratch-migration assay. To evaluate osteogenic differentiation, the expression of Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2), Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Osteocalcin (OCN) were measured using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. ALP staining and activity were also performed as indicators of osteogenic differentiation. AgNPs alone seemed to favor cell attachment. Lower concentrations of AgNPs enhanced cell proliferation. AgNP groups showed markedly less apoptosis. None of the medicaments had adverse effects on wound closure. The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated in all groups, and OCN was highly expressed in the AgNP groups. AgNPs 0.06% showed the most enhanced ALP gene expression levels, activity, and marked cytochemical staining. In conclusion, AgNPs positively affect hMSCs, making them a potential biomaterial for various clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaha S. Algazlan
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nihal Almuraikhi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manikandan Muthurangan
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Balto
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Alsalleeh
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Constantin M, Lupei M, Bucatariu SM, Pelin IM, Doroftei F, Ichim DL, Daraba OM, Fundueanu G. PVA/Chitosan Thin Films Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Ibuprofen for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010004. [PMID: 36616354 PMCID: PMC9824025 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Local delivery of drugs or antimicrobial agents is a suitable approach in the management of periodontitis when the infection is localized deep in the pockets and does not adequately respond to mechanical debridement and/or systemic antibiotic treatment. In this context, the objective of this study was to prepare new biocomposite films with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and good mechanical properties to be applied in periodontal pockets. The composite film is eco-friendly synthesized from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) cross-linked with oxidized chitosan (OxCS). Silver nanoparticles (AgNps) were inserted during film synthesis by adding freshly chitosan-capped AgNps colloidal solution to the polymer mixture; the addition of AgNps up to 1.44 wt.% improves the physico-chemical properties of the film. The characterization of the films was performed by FT-IR, atomic mass spectrometry, X-ray spectroscopy, and SEM. The films displayed a high swelling ratio (162%), suitable strength (1.46 MPa), and excellent mucoadhesive properties (0.6 N). Then, ibuprofen (IBF) was incorporated within the best film formulation, and the IBF-loaded PVA/OxCS-Ag films could deliver the drug in a sustained manner up to 72 h. The biocomposite films have good antimicrobial properties against representative pathogens for oral cavities. Moreover, the films are biocompatible, as demonstrated by in vitro tests on HDFa cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Constantin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.F.); Tel.: +40-332-880155 (M.C.); +40-332-880225 (G.F.); Fax: +40-332-211299 (M.C.); +40-332-211299 (G.F.)
| | - Mihail Lupei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sanda-Maria Bucatariu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Mihaela Pelin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florica Doroftei
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Oana Maria Daraba
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Fundueanu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.F.); Tel.: +40-332-880155 (M.C.); +40-332-880225 (G.F.); Fax: +40-332-211299 (M.C.); +40-332-211299 (G.F.)
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23
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Moghaddam A, Ranjbar R, Yazdanian M, Tahmasebi E, Alam M, Abbasi K, Hosseini ZS, Tebyaniyan H. The Current Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Synthetic/Herbal/Biomaterials in Dental Application. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8856025. [PMID: 35958811 PMCID: PMC9363208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8856025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal and chemical products are used for oral care and biofilm treatment and also have been reported to be controversial in the massive trials conducted in this regard. The present review is aimed at evaluating the potential of relevant herbal and chemical products and comparing their outcomes to conventional oral care products and summarizing the current state of evidence of the antibiofilm properties of different products by evaluating studies from the past eleven years. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), essential oils (EOs), and acetylpyridinium chloride were, respectively, the most commonly studied agents in the included studies. As confirmed by all systematic reviews, CHX and EO significantly control the plaque formation and gingival indices. Fluoride is another interesting reagent in oral care products that has shown promising results of oral health improvement, but the evidence quality needs to be refined. The synergy between natural plants and chemical products should be targeted in the future to accede to the formation of new, efficient, and healthy anticaries strategies. Moreover, to discover their biofilm-interfering or biofilm-inhibiting activities, effective clinical trials are needed. In this review article, therapeutic applications of herbal/chemical materials in oral biofilm infections are discussed in recent years (2010-2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghaddam
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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24
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AlGazlan AS, Auda SH, Balto H, Alsalleeh F. Antibiofilm Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Alone or Mixed with Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments; an Ex-Vivo Analysis. J Endod 2022; 48:1294-1300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Boutsioukis C, Arias‐Moliz MT, Chávez de Paz LE. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study irrigants and irrigation systems. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 2:295-329. [PMID: 35171506 PMCID: PMC9314845 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation plays an essential role in root canal treatment. The purpose of this narrative review was to critically appraise the experimental methods and models used to study irrigants and irrigation systems and to provide directions for future research. Studies on the antimicrobial effect of irrigants should use mature multispecies biofilms grown on dentine or inside root canals and should combine at least two complementary evaluation methods. Dissolution of pulp tissue remnants should be examined in the presence of dentine and, preferably, inside human root canals. Micro-computed tomography is currently the method of choice for the assessment of accumulated dentine debris and their removal. A combination of experiments in transparent root canals and numerical modeling is needed to address irrigant penetration. Finally, models to evaluate irrigant extrusion through the apical foramen should simulate the periapical tissues and provide quantitative data on the amount of extruded irrigant. Mimicking the in vivo conditions as close as possible and standardization of the specimens and experimental protocols are universal requirements irrespective of the surrogate endpoint studied. Obsolete and unrealistic models must be abandoned in favour of more appropriate and valid ones that have more direct application and translation to clinical Endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Boutsioukis
- Department of EndodontologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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26
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The Potential Application of Green-Synthesized Metal Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:2311910. [PMID: 35281331 PMCID: PMC8913069 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2311910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orodental problems have long been managed using herbal medicine. The development of nanoparticle formulations with herbal medicine has now become a breakthrough in dentistry because the synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles (MNPs) using plant extracts can address the drawbacks of herbal treatments. Green production of MNPs such as Ag, Au, and Fe nanoparticles enhanced by plant extracts has been proven to be beneficial in managing numerous orodental disorders, even outperforming traditional materials. Nanostructures are utilized in dental advances and diagnostics. Oral disease prevention medicines, prostheses, and tooth implantation all employ nanoparticles. Nanomaterials can also deliver oral fluid or pharmaceuticals, treating oral cancers and providing a high level of oral healthcare. These are also found in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other dental care products. However, there is a lack of understanding about the safety of nanomaterials, necessitating additional study. Many problems, including medication resistance, might be addressed using nanoparticles produced by green synthesis. This study reviews the green synthesis of MNPs applied in dentistry in recent studies (2010–2021).
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27
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Li Q, Chen L, Liu H, Ding M, Dong H, Mou Y. Therapeutic Applications of Antimicrobial Silver-Based Biomaterials in Dentistry. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:443-462. [PMID: 35115777 PMCID: PMC8805846 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s349238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection accounts for many dental diseases and treatment failure. Therefore, the antibacterial properties of dental biomaterials are of great importance to the long-term results of treatment. Silver-based biomaterials (AgBMs) have been widely researched as antimicrobial materials with high efficiency and relatively low toxicity. AgBMs have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties, including penetration of microbial cell membranes, damage to genetic material, contact killing, and dysfunction of bacterial proteins and enzymes. In particular, advances in nanotechnology have improved the application value of AgBMs. Hence, in many subspecialties of dentistry, AgBMs have been researched and employed, such as caries arresting or prevention, root canal sterilization, periodontal plaque inhibition, additives in dentures, coating of implants and anti-inflammatory material in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This paper aims to provide an overview of the application approaches of AgBMs in dentistry and present better guidance for oral antimicrobial therapy via the development of AgBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Ding
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Dong
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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The Application of Nano Silver Argitos as a Final Root Canal Irrigation for the Treatment of Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis. In Vitro Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020248. [PMID: 35055265 PMCID: PMC8781615 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endodontic treatment of various forms of pulpitis with variations of root canal system anatomy should be performed with high quality. The use of various antibacterial agents is aimed at maintaining the success of endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the penetration and fixation of the nano-silver solution on the dentinal surface during endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS the study was carried out on 70 extracted single-rooted teeth, randomly divided into two groups. In the teeth of the first group, the smear layer was removed after canal preparation with 17% EDTA solution; in the second group, the smear layer was not removed. In both groups, for the final treatment of the canal, a colloidal 1% solution of нанo серебра nanosilver was used. Samples were cut and prepared for analysis using micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray microanalysis and energy dispersive spectrometry (elemental mapping). RESULTS in 100% of cases in groups of teeth with a preserved smear layer, the ability of a 1% colloidal solution of nanosilver with particles of 1-2 nm to be fixed on dentin with a removed and preserved smear layer and to leave a film on the dentinal surface was established. In the samples with removed smear layer, silver was found in 73.5% of cases. CONCLUSION The nano-silver solution with a particle size of 1-2 nm proved its ability to penetrate the dentinal surfaces and create a final film covering the dentinal surface of the root canal before applying the sealer.
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Gutiérrez DM, Castillo Y, Ibarra-Avila H, López M, Orozco JC, Lafaurie GI, Castillo DM. A new model for the formation of an Enterococcus faecalis endodontic biofilm with nutritional restriction. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:13-21. [PMID: 34874074 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro model for the formation of an Enterococcus faecalis endodontic biofilm under nutritional restriction was established, simulating clinical conditions for the evaluation of antimicrobial substances. Biofilm formation in dentin was standardized using root quarters incubated with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 at 37°C without nutritional changes. Biofilms were evaluated at 7, 14, and 30 days, counting bacterial colony-forming units using conventional culture and verified scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial viability and biovolume were determined with confocal laser microscopy. Colonization of E. faecalis and biofilm formation on the dentinal surface was confirmed after 7 and 14 days, respectively. Microorganism colonization was homogeneous over the entire root surface at each time point, without significant differences in the viability percentage and biovolume. On the contrary, a decrease in viability and an increase in biovolume were observed when the time was increased. Compared with other incubation times, 14 days was found to be the best time for the establishment of the biofilm in terms of biovolume and bacterial viability. This in vitro model for the formation of endodontic biofilm will allow future evaluation of the efficacy of antimicrobial substances with a more adequate clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marcela Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral (UIBO), Vicerrectoría de investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Yormaris Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral (UIBO), Vicerrectoría de investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Humberto Ibarra-Avila
- Centro de Microscopia-μ-Core I Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Creación, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Mónica López
- Centro de Microscopia-μ-Core I Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Creación, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Juan C Orozco
- Centro de Microscopia-μ-Core I Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Creación, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Gloria I Lafaurie
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral (UIBO), Vicerrectoría de investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral (UIBO), Vicerrectoría de investigaciones, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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de Andrade FB, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Pereira TC, Garcia RB, Bramante CM, Duarte MAH. Ultrasonic agitation reduces the time of calcium hydroxide antimicrobial effect and enhances its penetrability. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:150. [PMID: 34874480 PMCID: PMC8651585 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present work was to evaluate the ultrasonic agitation, time and vehicle (propylene glycol or distilled water) on the antimicrobial potential and penetrability of calcium hydroxide pastes on infected dentin by means of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture (MC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis using a new contamination protocol of 5 days. The specimens were divided into eight groups and dressed with the pastes for 7 or 15 days: G1) calcium hydroxide (CH) + propylene glycol (prop)/7 days (d), G2) CH + prop/7d + ultrasonic agitation (U), G3) CH + distilled water (dw)/7d, G4) CH + dw/7d + U, G5) CH + prop/15d, G6) CH + prop/15d + U, G7) CH + dw/15d, G8) CH + dw/15d + U. The ultrasonic activation was made for 1 min in both directions with a plain point insert. After medications removal, the images obtained by CLSM showed the viable (green) and dead (red) bacteria with Live and Dead dye. By the MC, the dentinal wall debris obtained by burs were collected for colony counts. For the penetration test, the Rodamine B dye was added to the CH pastes and analyzed by CLSM. RESULTS The 7 and 15-days CH + prop+U pastes performed better antimicrobial efficacy, followed by the CH + dw+U/15d paste. CONCLUSIONS All pastes demonstrated better penetration and antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis when agitated with ultrasound, even in periods of up to seven days. The propylene glycol vehicle showed better results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Agitation of the dressing that remains for less time inside the root canal can optimize the decontamination of endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Thais Cristina Pereira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Brandão Garcia
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Monteiro Bramante
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Hendi SS, Shiri M, Poormoradi B, Alikhani MY, Afshar S, Farmani A. Antibacterial Effects of a 940 nm Diode Laser With/ Without Silver Nanoparticles Against Enterococcus faecalis. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e73. [PMID: 35155158 PMCID: PMC8837865 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: The final goal of root canal therapy is to remove of the most bacteria from the root canal. This study aimed at comparing the antibacterial effects of a diode laser with a wavelength of 940nm and silver nanoparticles and the synergic effects of both techniques on Enterococcus faecalis. Methods: Ninety single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and prepared with rotary files. The samples were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA17%. Then they were autoclaved and contaminated with E. faecalis suspension (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) for 21 days. The samples were fixed in a microtube and were randomly divided into 4 experimental (n=20) groups and a negative control group (n=10) as follows: Group 1: hypochlorite sodium 5%, Group 2: silver nanoparticle, Group 3: diode laser, and Group 4: diode laser and silver nanoparticle. The samples were obtained from dentin chips before and after the intervention. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Furthermore, alterations in bacterial colonies were entered using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (α=0.05). Results: There was a significant decrease in colony counts for all groups after interventions (P value<0.05). Also, all groups showed more reductions in colony counts compared with the negative control group (P value <0.004). There was a significant reduction for group 1 in comparison with other groups (P value <0.001) and this group had an extreme decrease of colony counts (RCC=100%). There was an important differential between silver nanoparticles and diode laser groups in bacterial counts (P value<0.001) and silver nanoparticles (RCC=83.15%) had more efficiency than the diode laser (RCC=41/33%). RCC of group 4 was 68/52%. Conclusion: Followed by sodium hypochlorite 5%, silver nanoparticles were the most effective antibacterial substances. The 940 nm laser diode had less antibacterial effect compared to its use with silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sareh Hendi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shiri
- General Dentist, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Poormoradi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Periodontology, Dentistry Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Faculty of Medicine, Microbiology Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Farmani
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Huang Y, Bai L, Yang Y, Yin Z, Guo B. Biodegradable gelatin/silver nanoparticle composite cryogel with excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity and hemostasis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wound healing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:2278-2289. [PMID: 34774324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Burn wounds are susceptible to bacterial infections and are usually accompanied by a large amount of exudate, making the treatment of burn wounds a challenge in the clinic. Here, we developed a biodegradable cryogel with high water absorption and good antibacterial and antibiofilm activity based on gelatin (GT) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to promote burn wound healing. The porous GT/Ag cryogel had a swelling ratio of up to 4000%, effectively absorbing wound exudate and allowing for gas exchange. Moreover, the GT/Ag cryogel had an excellent killing effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), which burn wounds are susceptible to, and can effectively remove mature biofilms. In the rat liver defect noncompressible hemorrhage model, GT/Ag cryogels with shape memory performance showed better hemostatic ability than commercial gelatin sponges. Most importantly, the GT/Ag cryogel was more effective than the TegadermTM dressing and GT cryogel in promoting wound contraction, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis and reducing inflammation in a PA-infected burn wound model. In addition, GT/Ag cryogels degraded in the body within 4 weeks, which alleviated the pain of peeling the dressing from the wound. Therefore, GT/Ag cryogels with outstanding antibacterial properties and effective absorption of wound exudates are excellent candidates for wound dressings to promote burn wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Oliveira AKL, Carvalho AP, Figueiredo RB, Cintra LTA, Gomes-Filho JE, Dos Santos PH, Sivieri-Araujo G. Influence of photodynamic therapy and intracanal medication on Martens hardness, elastic modulus and bond strength of glass-fiber posts to endodontically treated root dentin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102571. [PMID: 34626826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue photosensitizer (PS) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medication on Martens hardness (MH), elastic modulus (Eit) and adhesive bond strength of glass-fiber posts in different thirds of intraradicular dentin. METHODS Ninety-six bovine teeth were distributed into the following 6 experimental groups: a negative control irrigated with deionized water; a positive control irrigated with deionized water and filled with calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (Ca[OH]2); Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 50 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 100 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 50 mg/L activated by red laser; and Ca[OH]2 + methylene blue 100 mg/L activated by red laser (n = 16). MH and Eit were measured using an ultramicrodurometer under load action of 3 mN (n = 8). Adhesive bond strength was measured using the push-out test in a universal testing machine (n = 8), and representative samples underwent scanning electron microscopy. Data on MH, Eit, and bond strength were subjected to normality tests and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Methylene blue PS, activated or not by red laser, associated with calcium hydroxide medication did not promote significant difference as compared to the control groups irrigated with deionized water, associated or not with the use of intracanal medication, regarding mechanical properties and bond strength (p > 0.05). Experimental groups showed no difference between the thirds regarding root canal depth (p > 0.05), except for the positive control group, in which the apical third showed higher Eit values than the middle third (p = 0.0324). There was a predominance of mixed failure in all experimental groups, excepted the red laser-activated group treated with the highest concentration of methylene blue, which showed predominance of adhesive failure. CONCLUSIONS PDT with methylene blue PS at 50 mg/L, associated with intracanal calcium hydroxide medication is a satisfactory alternative for endodontic treatment as there is no interference in the mechanical properties and bond strength among glass-fiber posts to intraradicular dentin at any depth of the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Arianny Késsia Lara Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira Carvalho
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Braga Figueiredo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, 16015-050, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Afhkami F, Ahmadi P, Chiniforush N, Sooratgar A. Effect of different activations of silver nanoparticle irrigants on the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6893-6899. [PMID: 34476616 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) irrigating solution alone and following activation with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), photodynamic therapy (PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and manual dynamic activation (MDA) method for elimination of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) from the root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 59 extracted human single-rooted teeth were collected and prepared. E. faecalis was inoculated into the root canals and incubated for 4 weeks. The teeth were then randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 10): the AN group, irrigation with AgNPs alone; the AN/ICG/DL group, irrigation with AgNPs and ICG, then activation with diode laser; the AN/PIPS group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with 0.3 W Er: YAG laser; the AN/MDA group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with tapered gutta-percha; and the AN/PUI group, irrigation with AgNPs and activation with ultrasonic. Also, two control groups of irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (n = 5) and no intervention (n = 4) were also used. Samples were collected from the dentinal chips before and after the intervention, and the percentage of reduction in colony count was calculated. RESULTS A significant reduction in E. faecalis colony count was noted in all groups (P < 0.05). Maximum reduction in colony count was noted in AN/PIPS and AN/PUI groups by 91.03 and 91.29%, respectively. Minimum reduction was noted in the AN group alone. CONCLUSION Activation with PUI and PIPS enhanced the efficacy of AgNPs irrigating solution for elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AgNPs activated by ultrasound or PIPS can be used as an adjunct for disinfection of the root canal system in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afhkami
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, End of North Kargar Street, Tehran, 1439955991, Iran
| | - Paniz Ahmadi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1441987566, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1441987566, Iran
| | - Aidin Sooratgar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, End of North Kargar Street, Tehran, 1439955991, Iran.
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Daood U, Bapat RA, Sidhu P, Ilyas MS, Khan AS, Mak KK, Pichika MR, Nagendrababu V, Peters OA. Antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of k21-E in root canal disinfection. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1511-1528. [PMID: 34420798 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the current project was to study the antimicrobial efficacy of a newly developed irrigant, k21/E against E. faecalis biofilm. METHODS Root canals were instrumented and randomly divided into the following groups: irrigation with saline, 6% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), 6% NaOCl+2% CHX (Chlorhexidine), 2% CHX, 0.5% k21/E (k21 - quaternary ammonium silane) and 1% k21/E. E. faecalis were grown (3-days) (1×107CFU mL-1), treated, and further cultured for 11-days. Specimens were subjected to SEM, confocal and Raman analysis and macrophage vesicles characterized along with effect of lipopolysaccharide treatment. 3T3 mouse-fibroblasts were cultured for alizarin-red with Sortase-A active sites and Schrödinger docking was performed. TEM analysis of root dentin substrate with matrix metalloproteinases profilometry was also included. A cytotoxic test analysis for cell viability was measured by absorbance of human dental pulp cells after exposure to different irrigant solutions for 24h. The test percentages have been highlighted in Table 1. RESULTS Among experimental groups, irrigation with 0.5% k21/E showed phase separation revealing significant bacterial reduction and lower phenylalanine 1003cm-1 and Amide III 1245cm-1 intensities. Damage was observed on bacterial cell membrane after use of k21/E. No difference in exosomes distribution between control and 0.5%k21/E was observed with less TNFα (*p<0.05) and preferential binding of SrtA. TEM images demonstrated integrated collagen fibers in control and 0.5%k21/E specimens and inner bacterial membrane damage after k21/E treatment. The k21 groups appeared to be biocompatible to the dental pulpal cells grown for 24h. SIGNIFICANCE Current investigations highlight potential advantages of 0.5% k21/E as irrigation solution for root canal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Preena Sidhu
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sharjeel Ilyas
- Department of Oral Biology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, 6 Birdwood Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ove A Peters
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia; Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hülsmann M, Beckmann C, Baxter S. Debris Removal Using a Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle-Containing Solution (Vector Polish) with Sonic or Ultrasonic Agitation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164750. [PMID: 34443271 PMCID: PMC8400356 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Chemomechanical preparation of the root canal system is considered to be the most important part of root canal treatment, including both mechanical removal of tissue remnants and dentine chips, and chemical elimination of biofilm and microorganisms. A number of different solutions and agitation techniques have been proposed for that purpose. It was the aim of the present study to investigate whether root canal cleanliness can be improved by using a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing solution with and without sonic or ultrasonic agitation. Seventy-four single-rooted teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n = 15) and two control groups (n = 7). All teeth were split longitudinally and a groove and three holes were cut into the root canal wall and filled with dentinal debris. Final irrigation was performed using sodium hypochlorite or a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing solution (Vector polish) activated with a sonically or an ultrasonically driven endodontic file. Two calibrated investigators rated the remaining debris using a four-score scale. The results were analyzed using a non-parametric test with α < 0.05. Sonic and ultrasonic irrigation with sodium hypochlorite cleaned the grooves and holes well from debris. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles activated by a sonic file cleaned grooves and holes equally well. Ultrasonically activated nanoparticles performance was clearly inferior. The syringe control-group left large amounts of debris in grooves and holes. The use of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles used in this study did not improve removal of debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hülsmann
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dentistry, University Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Christoph Beckmann
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dentistry, University Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Steffi Baxter
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)551-3922877; Fax: +49-(0)551-3922037
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Oncu A, Huang Y, Amasya G, Sevimay FS, Orhan K, Celikten B. Silver nanoparticles in endodontics: recent developments and applications. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e38. [PMID: 34513644 PMCID: PMC8411004 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The elimination of endodontic biofilms and the maintenance of a leak-proof canal filling are key aspects of successful root canal treatment. Several materials have been introduced to treat endodontic disease, although treatment success is limited by the features of the biomaterials used. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been increasingly considered in dental applications, especially endodontics, due to their high antimicrobial activity. For the present study, an electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and EMBASE. This review provides insights into the unique characteristics of AgNPs, including their chemical, physical, and antimicrobial properties; limitations; and potential uses. Various studies involving different application methods of AgNPs were carefully examined. Based on previous clinical studies, the synthesis, means of obtaining, usage conditions, and potential cytotoxicity of AgNPs were evaluated. The findings indicate that AgNPs are effective antimicrobial agents for the elimination of endodontic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Oncu
- Department of Endodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Dental Hygiene Research & Development in Health & Care, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gulin Amasya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Semra Sevimay
- Department of Endodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkan Celikten
- Department of Endodontics, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Performances of Endodontic Sealer. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154248. [PMID: 34361440 PMCID: PMC8347169 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to overcome the limitations of current endodontic sealers, especially against resistant bacteria, recent developments in the field of nanotechnology have proved the necessity to reconsider the composition and physico-chemical properties of classical sealers. Nanoparticles with their unique features in terms of small size and high specific surface area, are the best choice for incorporation of antiseptic agents and effective delivery. The aim of our study is to prepare a novel platform for antibacterial drug delivery in dental adhesive systems used in endodontics. For this purpose, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) encapsulating chlorhexidine (CHX) and colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared and incorporated into commercial sealer and investigated in terms of bonding performance to dentin and effectiveness against E. faecalis, S. aureus and Candida albicans, which are responsible for the majority of the failures in endodontic treatments. In this context, the challenges related to the long-term biological effects of CHX/AgNPs loaded MWCNTs are discussed.
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Skóra B, Krajewska U, Nowak A, Dziedzic A, Barylyak A, Kus-Liśkiewicz M. Noncytotoxic silver nanoparticles as a new antimicrobial strategy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13451. [PMID: 34188097 PMCID: PMC8242066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistance of bacteria is an ongoing problem in hospital treatment. The main mechanism of bacterial virulency in human infections is based on their adhesion ability and biofilm formation. Many approaches have been invented to overcome this problem, i.e. treatment with antibacterial biomolecules, which have some limitations e.g. enzymatic degradation and short shelf stability. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) may be alternative to these strategies due to their unique and high antibacterial properties. Herein, we report on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae extracellular-based synthesis of AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the morphology and structure of the metallic nanoparticles, which showed a uniform distribution and good colloid stability, measured by hydrodynamic light scattering (DLS). The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of NPs confirms the presence of silver and showed that sulfur-rich compounds act as a capping agent being adsorbed on the surface of AgNPs. Antimicrobial tests showed that AgNPs inhibit the bacteria growth, while have no impact on fungi growth. Moreover, tested NPs was characterized by high inhibitory potential of bacteria biofilm formation but also eradication of established biofilms. The cytotoxic effect of the NPs on four mammalian normal and cancer cell lines was tested through the metabolic activity, cell viability and wound-healing assays. Last, but not least, ability to deep penetration of the silver colloid to the root canal was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to show its potential as the material for root-end filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Urszula Krajewska
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dziedzic
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Adriana Barylyak
- Laser Department Center of Imlantation and Prosthetic Dentistry "MM", Department of Therapeutical Dentistry, Lviv National Medical University Ukraine, Lviv, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, St. Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland.
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Shahmoradi S, Shariati A, Zargar N, Yadegari Z, Asnaashari M, Amini SM, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Antimicrobial effects of selenium nanoparticles in combination with photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102398. [PMID: 34133959 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) were reported as an agent that may enhance the effectiveness of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). This in vitro study evaluates the effect of SeNPs on the efficacy of Methylene Blue (MB)-induced PACT against the biofilm formated in 96-well plates and the dentine tubule biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS Chitosan coated SeNPs were synthesized using chemical reduction method and were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Twenty-four-hour biofilms of E. faecalis were developed on 96-well plates and treated with SeNPs, MB, and Light-Emitting Diode (LED). Also, three-week biofilms of E. faecalis were formed on 67 specimens of dentinal tubules, and the antibacterial effects of MB+SeNPs on these biofilms were studied. RESULTS The average hydrodynamic diameter of SeNPs was 80/3 nm according to DLS measurement. The combined use of MB and SeNPs significantly reduced Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) of one-day-old E. faecalis biofilms in comparison with the control group (P value < 0.05). Besides, combination therapy had the most antibacterial effect on root canal E. faecalis biofilms at both 200 and 400 µm depths of dentine tubules (P value < 0.001). Of note, about 50% of human fibroblast cells survived at a concentration of 128 µg/ml of SeNPs, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the photodynamic therapy modified by SeNPs could be an effective disinfection alternative to the destruction of E. faecalis biofilms and root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Shahmoradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Zargar
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yadegari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Dental school, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Department of Endodontics, Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles mixed with calcium hydroxide or chlorhexidine on multispecies biofilms. Odontology 2021; 109:802-811. [PMID: 34047872 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (Nanografi, METU Teknokent, Ankara, Turkey) mixed with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) (Ultracal XS, Ultradent, St Louis, US) or chlorhexidine gel (CHX) (Gluco-Chex, Cerkamed, Stalowa Wola, Poland) against a multispecies biofilm, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and culture-based analysis. Dentine blocks were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces naeslundii for 1 week. Infected dentine blocks were randomly divided into groups according to medication; saline solution (SS), Ca(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 + AgNP, 2%CHX gel and 2%CHX gel + AgNP and time of application: 1 and 7 days (all groups, n = 5). Bacterial samples were collected before and after medication to quantify the bacterial load. Biofilm elimination was quantitatively analyzed by Live/Dead BacLight Bacterial Viability staining and CLSM. The addition of AgNPs to Ca(OH)2 increased the effectiveness of medicament in terms of bacterial reduction in both application times (1 and 7 days) (p < 0.05: ANOVA, Tukey's test) according to culture-based analysis. The CLSM images revealed that mixture of AgNP with CHX killed significantly more bacteria when compared with all other medicaments at 1- and 7-day application times (p < 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively: Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn post hoc tests). The efficacy of Ca(OH)2 mixed with AgNPs was superior to Ca(OH)2 used alone in both application times (p < 0.05) according to CLSM analysis. The present study put forth the potential use of AgNPs mixed with Ca(OH)2 or CHX on multispecies (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces naeslundii) biofilm in 1 and 7day application periods.
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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles as Root Canal Irrigant's: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061152. [PMID: 33801820 PMCID: PMC7999954 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of microbes is imperative during endodontic therapy. Due to their antimicrobial property, silver nanoparticles have been used for endodontic irrigation of the root canals. The objective of the present study was to provide a qualitative analysis of the published literature assessing silver nanoparticles as root canal irrigants. A search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase databases was done without any time restriction. Articles published in English were included. Data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed. Of the 154 studies identified, after screening according to the inclusion criteria, five in vitro studies were included. The results indicate that silver nanoparticles have an anti-microbial effect to varying degrees depending on certain factors. Within the limitations of the present studies that have a moderate to low risk of bias, an antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles is observed. Silver nanoparticles have the potential to be used as endodontic irrigants, although their efficacy depends on particle size and the duration of contact which require further investigation.
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Wong J, Zou T, Lee AHC, Zhang C. The Potential Translational Applications of Nanoparticles in Endodontics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2087-2106. [PMID: 33727815 PMCID: PMC7955783 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s293518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has substantially progressed in the past decades, giving rise to numerous possible applications in different biomedical fields. In particular, the use of nanoparticles in endodontics has generated significant interest due to their unique characteristics. As a result of their nanoscale dimensions, nanoparticles possess several properties that may enhance the treatment of endodontic infections, such as heightened antibacterial activity, increased reactivity and the capacity to be functionalized with other reactive compounds. Effective disinfection and sealing of the root canal system are the hallmarks for successful endodontic treatment. However, the presence of bacterial biofilms and resistance to endodontic disinfectants pose a significant challenge to this goal. This has encouraged the investigation of antibacterial nanoparticle-based irrigants and intracanal medicaments, which may improve the elimination of endodontic infections. In addition, photosynthesizer-functionalized nanoparticles could also serve as a worthy adjunct to root canal disinfection strategies. Furthermore, despite the myriad of commercially available options for endodontic obturation, the "ideal" material has yet to be conceived. This has led to the development of various experimental nanoparticle-incorporated obturation materials and sealers that exhibit a range of favourable physicochemical properties including enhanced antibacterial efficacy and bioactivity. Nanoparticle applications also show promise in the field of regenerative endodontics, such as supporting the release of bioactive molecules and enhancing the biophysical properties of scaffolds. Given the constantly growing body of research in this field, this article aims to present an overview of the current evidence pertaining to the potential translational applications of nanoparticles in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Wong
- Restorative Dental Sciences (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ting Zou
- Restorative Dental Sciences (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Angeline Hui Cheng Lee
- Restorative Dental Sciences (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Hashemi Astaneh S, Faverani LP, Sukotjo C, Takoudis CG. Atomic layer deposition on dental materials: Processing conditions and surface functionalization to improve physical, chemical, and clinical properties - A review. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:103-118. [PMID: 33227485 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is an effective approach to improve and enhance the properties of dental materials. A review of atomic layer deposition (ALD) in the field of dental materials is presented. ALD is a well-established thin film deposition technique. It is being used for surface functionalization in different technologies and biological related applications. With film thickness control down to Ångström length scale and uniform conformal thin films even on complex 3D substrates, high quality thin films and their reproducibility are noteworthy advantages of ALD over other thin film deposition methods. Low temperature ALD allows temperature sensitive substrates to be functionalized with high quality ultra-thin films too. In the current work, ALD is elaborated as a promising method for surface modification of dental materials. Different aspects of conventional dental materials that can be enhanced using ALD are discussed. Also, the influence of different ALD thin films and their microstructure on the surface properties, corrosion-resistance, antibacterial activity, biofilm formation, and osteoblast compatibility are addressed. Depending on the stage of advancement for the studied materials reported in the literature, these studies are then categorized into four stages: fabrication & characterization, in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and human tests. Materials coated with ALD thin films with potential dental applications are also presented here and they are categorized as stage 1. The purpose of this review is to organize and present the up to date ALD research on dental materials. The current study can serve as a guide for future work on using ALD for surface functionalization and resulting property tuning of materials in real world dental applications.
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Nasim I, Vishnupriya V, Jabin Z, Nathan S. Known data on the effectiveness of silver nano particles on root canal disinfection. Bioinformation 2021; 17:218-222. [PMID: 34393440 PMCID: PMC8340717 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of endodontic treatment is the debridement and removal of the microbial ecosystem associated with the disease process. The need for root canal disinfectants increases especially in those cases where infection is resistant to the regular treatment and the outcome of endodontic therapy is often compromised. Therefore, it is of interest to document the known effectiveness of silver nanoparticle based root canal disinfectants with other root canal disinfectants on microbial load reduction during root canal disinfection. Known data shows that the overall risk of bias for the selected studies was moderate. Silver nanoparticle based root canal disinfectants showed superior reduction of microbial counts in majority of the studies. This data is limited to vitro studies with no clinical information to validate the use of antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles used as root canal disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Nasim
- Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - V Vishnupriya
- Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Zohra Jabin
- Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, Distt.- Ghaziabad, U.P. India
| | - Senthil Nathan
- Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences & Research, Modinagar, Distt.- Ghaziabad, U.P. India
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Skomorokhova EA, Sankova TP, Orlov IA, Savelev AN, Magazenkova DN, Pliss MG, Skvortsov AN, Sosnin IM, Kirilenko DA, Grishchuk IV, Sakhenberg EI, Polishchuk EV, Brunkov PN, Romanov AE, Puchkova LV, Ilyechova EY. Size-Dependent Bioactivity of Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Properties, Influence on Copper Status in Mice, and Whole-Body Turnover. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:137-157. [PMID: 33408467 PMCID: PMC7781014 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s287658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes to influence copper metabolism in mice is assessed. Materials and Methods AgNPs with diameters of 10, 20, and 75 nm were fabricated through a chemical reduction of silver nitrate and characterized by UV/Vis spectrometry, transmission and scanning electronic microscopy, and laser diffractometry. To test their bioactivity, Escherichia coli cells, cultured A549 cells, and C57Bl/6 mice were used. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined by inhibition of colony-forming ability, and cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT test (viability, %). Ceruloplasmin (Cp, the major mammalian extracellular copper-containing protein) concentration and enzymatic activity were measured using gel-assay analyses and WB, respectively. In vitro binding of AgNPs with serum proteins was monitored with UV/Vis spectroscopy. Metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The smallest AgNPs displayed the largest dose- and time-dependent antibacterial activity. All nanoparticles inhibited the metabolic activity of A549 cells in accordance with dose and time, but no correlation between cytotoxicity and nanoparticle size was found. Nanosilver was not uniformly distributed through the body of mice intraperitoneally treated with low AgNP concentrations. It was predominantly accumulated in liver. There, nanosilver was included in ceruloplasmin, and Ag-ceruloplasmin with low oxidase activity level was formed. Larger nanoparticles more effectively interfered with the copper metabolism of mice. Large AgNPs quickly induced a drop of blood serum oxidase activity to practically zero, but after cancellation of AgNP treatment, the activity was rapidly restored. A major fraction of the nanosilver was excreted in the bile with Cp. Nanosilver was bound by alpha-2-macroglobulin in vitro and in vivo, but silver did not substitute for the copper atoms of Cp in vitro. Conclusion The data showed that even at low concentrations, AgNPs influence murine copper metabolism in size-dependent manner. This property negatively correlated with the antibacterial activity of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Skomorokhova
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana P Sankova
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Iurii A Orlov
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrew N Savelev
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria N Magazenkova
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Pliss
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Blood Circulation Biophysics, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey N Skvortsov
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya M Sosnin
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Demid A Kirilenko
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center of Nanoheterostructures Physics, Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan V Grishchuk
- Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I Sakhenberg
- Laboratory of Cell Protection Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V Polishchuk
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pavel N Brunkov
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center of Nanoheterostructures Physics, Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey E Romanov
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Center of Nanoheterostructures Physics, Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Puchkova
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Higher Engineering Physics School of the Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova
- International Research Center of Functional Materials and Devices of Optoelectronics, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Pereira TC, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, Sharma PK, van de Meer WJ, van der Sluis LWM, de Andrade FB. Chemical and mechanical influence of root canal irrigation on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals, dentine discs and dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 2020; 54:112-129. [PMID: 32880989 PMCID: PMC7839520 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the anti‐biofilm efficacy of irrigation using a simulated root canal model, the chemical effect of irrigants against biofilms grown on dentine discs and their impact on biofilm viscoelasticity, the efficacy of the irrigants in decontaminating infected dentinal tubules and the capacity of bacteria to regrow. Methodology Biofilm removal, viscoelastic analysis of remaining biofilms and bacterial viability were evaluated using a simulated root canal model with lateral morphological features, dentine discs and a dentinal tubule model, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a two‐phase irrigation protocol. Phase 1: a modified salt solution (RISA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used at a low flow rate to evaluate the chemical action of the irrigants. Ultrasonic activation (US) of a chemically inert solution (buffer) was used to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of irrigation. Phase 2: a final irrigation with buffer at a high flow rate was performed for all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), low load compression testing (LLCT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis were used in the different models. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed for the OCT and LLCT analysis, whilst Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked tests for the dentinal tubule model. Results US and high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the artificial lateral canal. For biofilm removal from the artificial isthmus, no significant differences were found between the groups. Within‐group analysis revealed significant differences between the steps of the experiment, with the exception of NaOCl. For the dentine discs, no significant differences regarding biofilm removal and viscoelasticity were detected. In the dentinal tubule model, NaOCl exhibited the greatest anti‐biofilm efficacy. Conclusions The mechanical effect of irrigation is important for biofilm removal. An extra high flow irrigation rate resulted in greater biofilm removal than US in the artificial isthmus. The mechanical effect of US seemed to be more effective when the surface contact biofilm–irrigant was small. After the irrigation procedures, the remaining biofilm could survive after a 5‐day period. RISA and NaOCl seemed to alter post‐treatment remaining biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J van de Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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In Vitro Alteration by Dentine and Protein of the Antimicrobial Activity of Two Endodontic Irrigants: HybenX ® and Sodium Hypochlorite. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110792. [PMID: 33182584 PMCID: PMC7696392 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigant solutions commonly used for the treatment of endodontic infections can be inhibited by both organic and inorganic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the novel irrigant HybenX® and 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis, in presence of dentine powder (DP) or bovine serum albumin 20% (BSA) as inhibitory agents. An E. faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212 suspension was added to the irrigants (Hybenx® or NaOCl) and one or two different inhibitors (BSA and DP) either after one-hour pre-incubation at 35 ± 1 °C or not. The antimicrobial activity of HybenX® against E. faecalis was already proved at 15 min and was neither affected by BSA nor by DP or combinations thereof. NaOCl 2.5% showed an effective antimicrobial activity starting from 15 min and this activity was partially inhibited by BSA and BSA plus DP combination within one hour when pre-incubation occurred. NaOCl 5% showed antimicrobial activity within 15 min, which was inhibited within one hour only in the presence of both BSA and DP regardless of the pre-incubation period. HybenX® could represent a good alternative to common irrigants for the treatment of E. faecalis endodontic infections, showing a rapid antimicrobial activity not inhibited by organic and inorganic inhibitors.
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Madla-Cruz E, De la Garza-Ramos M, Romo-Sáenz CI, Tamez-Guerra P, Garza-Navarro MA, Urrutia-Baca V, Martínez-Rodríguez MA, Gomez-Flores R. Antimicrobial activity and inhibition of biofilm formation in vitro and on human dentine by silver nanoparticles/carboxymethyl-cellulose composites. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104943. [PMID: 33147550 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a silver nanoparticles/carboxymethyl-cellulose (AgNPs/CMC) composite on in vitro and dentine disc heterogeneous biofilms. DESIGN AgNPs/CMC composite effect on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) viability was determined by the MTT reduction assay. In addition, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs/CMC composite on Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum growth in vitro and heterogeneous biofilms, as well as dentine disc biofilms. RESULTS Quasi-spherical AgNPs/CMC composites, with a mean 22.3 nm particle-size were synthesized. They were not toxic to HGF cells at concentrations tested that were antimicrobial, however they caused significant cytotoxicity (89 %, p < 0.05) at concentrations > 15 μg/mL. In vitro, they inhibited up to 67 %, 66 %, and 96 % C. albicans, E. faecalis, and F. nucleatum growth at concentrations ranging from 1.2 μg/mL to 9.6 μg/mL, as compared with untreated control. We also demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) 58 % biofilm reduction by 4.8 μg/mL AgNPs/CMC composite on human dentine discs. CONCLUSION AgNPs/CMC composite showed anti biofilm activity on monocultures, heterogenous cultures, and dentine discs, resulting a potentially effective alternative to prevent and eliminate infections after endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Madla-Cruz
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Myriam De la Garza-Ramos
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Odontología/Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud (CIDICS), Monterrey, Nuevo León, CP. 64460, Mexico
| | - César I Romo-Sáenz
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Marco A Garza-Navarro
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Victor Urrutia-Baca
- CHRISTUS Excellence and Innovation Center, Monterrey, N.L., C.P. 66260, Mexico
| | - María A Martínez-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico.
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Daood U, Parolia A, Matinlinna J, Yiu C, Ahmed HMA, Fawzy A. Properties of a modified quaternary ammonium silane formulation as a potential root canal irrigant in endodontics. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e386-e402. [PMID: 33010944 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate a new modified quaternary ammonium silane irrigant solution for its antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanical properties of dentine substrate. METHODS Root canal preparation was performed using stainless steel K-files™ and F4 size protaper with irrigation protocols of 6% NaOCl + 2% CHX; 3.5% QIS; 2% QIS and sterile saline. Biofilms were prepared using E. faecalis adjusted and allowed to grow for 3 days, treated with irrigants, and allowed to grow for 7 days. AFM was performed and surface free energy calculated. MC3T3 cells were infected with endo irrigant treated E. faecalis biofilms. Raman spectroscopy of biofilms were performed after bacterial re-growth on root dentine and exposed to different irrigation protocols and collagen fibers analysed collagen fibers using TEM. Antimicrobial potency against E. faecalis biofilms and cytoxicity against 3T3 NIH cells were also. Resin penetration and MitoTracker green were also evaluated for sealer penetration and mitochondrial viability. Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis and post-hoc Fisher's least-significant difference. RESULTS Elastic moduli were maintained amongst control (5.5 ± 0.9) and 3.5% QIS (4.4 ± 1.1) specimens with surface free energy higher in QIS specimens. MC3T3 cells showed reduced viability in 6%NaOCl+2%CHX specimens compared to QIS specimens. DNA/purine were expressed in increased intensities in control and 6% NaOCl + 2% CHX specimens with bands around 480-490 cm-1 reduced in QIS specimens. 3.5% QIS specimens showed intact collagen fibrillar network and predominantly dead bacterial cells in confocal microscopy. 3.5% QIS irrigant formed a thin crust-type surface layer with cytoplasmic extensions of 3T3NIH spread over root dentine. Experiments confirmed MitoTracker accumulation in 3.5% treated cells. SIGNIFICANCE Novel QIS root canal irrigant achieved optimum antimicrobial protection inside the root canals facilitating a toxic effect against the Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Root dentine substrates exhibited optimum mechanical properties and there was viability of fibroblastic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Daood
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amr Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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