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Chmiest D, Podavini S, Ioannidou K, Vallois D, Décaillet C, Gonzalez M, Quadroni M, Blackney K, Schairer R, de Leval L, Thome M. PD1 inhibits PKCθ-dependent phosphorylation of cytoskeleton-related proteins and immune synapse formation. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2908-2923. [PMID: 38513140 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The inhibitory surface receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) is a major target for antibody-based cancer immunotherapies. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients fail to respond to the treatment or experience adverse effects. An improved understanding of intracellular pathways targeted by PD1 is thus needed to develop better predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Here, via unbiased phosphoproteome analysis of primary human T cells, we demonstrate that PD1 triggering inhibited the phosphorylation and physical association with protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) of a variety of cytoskeleton-related proteins. PD1 blocked activation and recruitment of PKCθ to the forming immune synapse (IS) in a Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase-1/2 (SHP1/SHP2)-dependent manner. Consequently, PD1 engagement led to impaired synaptic phosphorylation of cytoskeleton-related proteins and formation of smaller IS. T-cell receptor induced phosphorylation of the PKCθ substrate and binding partner vimentin was long-lasting and it could be durably inhibited by PD1 triggering. Vimentin phosphorylation in intratumoral T cells also inversely correlated with the levels of the PD1 ligand, PDL1, in human lung carcinoma. Thus, PKCθ and its substrate vimentin represent important targets of PD1-mediated T-cell inhibition, and low levels of vimentin phosphorylation may serve as a biomarker for the activation of the PD1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Chmiest
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Podavini
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Kalliopi Ioannidou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Vallois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Décaillet
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Manfredo Quadroni
- Protein Analysis Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Blackney
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Formation and Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Schairer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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2
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Lopresti L, Capitani N, Tatangelo V, Tangredi C, Boncompagni G, Frezzato F, Visentin A, Marotta G, Ciofini S, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M, Trentin L, Baldari CT, Patrussi L. p66Shc deficiency in CLL cells enhances PD-L1 expression and suppresses immune synapse formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1297116. [PMID: 38389706 PMCID: PMC10883382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1297116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Escape from immunosurveillance is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In the protective niche of lymphoid organs, leukemic cells suppress the ability of T lymphocytes to form the immune synapse (IS), thereby hampering T-cell mediated anti-tumoral activities. By binding its cognate receptor PD-1 at the surface of T lymphocytes, the inhibitory ligand PD-L1, which is overexpressed in CLL cells, mediates the T-cell suppressive activities of CLL cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PD-L1 overexpression in CLL cells remains unknown. We have previously reported a defective expression of the pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant adaptor p66Shc in CLL cells, which is causally related to an impairment in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to the activation of the ROS-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB. The fact that PD-L1 expression is regulated by NF-κB suggests a mechanistic relationship between p66Shc deficiency and PD-L1 overexpression in CLL cells. Methods: 62 treatment-naive CLL patients and 43 healthy donors were included in this study. PD-L1 and p66Shc expression was quantified in B cells by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. IS architecture and local signaling was assessed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. CD8+ cell killing activity was assessed by flow cytometry. Results: Here we show that residual p66Shc expression in leukemic cells isolated both from CLL patients and from the CLL mouse model Eμ-TCL1 inversely correlated with PD-L1 expression. We also show that the PD-L1 increase prevented leukemic cells from forming ISs with T lymphocytes. Reconstitution of p66Shc, but not of a ROS-defective mutant, in both CLL cells and the CLL-derived cell line MEC-1, enhanced intracellular ROS and decreased PD-L1 expression. Similar results were obtained following treatment of CLL cells with H2O2 as exogenous source of ROS, that normalized PD-L1 expression and recovered IS formation. Discussion: Our data provide direct evidence that the p66Shc-deficiency-related ROS depletion in CLL cells concurs to enhance PD-L1 expression and provides a mechanistic basis for the suppression of T cell-mediated anti-tumoral functions in the immunosuppressive lymphoid niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Ciofini
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzetti
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Laura Patrussi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Yun K, Siegler EL, Kenderian SS. Who wins the combat, CAR or TCR? Leukemia 2023; 37:1953-1962. [PMID: 37626090 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has drawn increasing attention over the last few decades given its remarkable effectiveness and breakthroughs in treating B cell hematological malignancies. Even though CAR-T cell therapy has outstanding clinical successes, most treated patients still relapse after infusion. CARs are derived from the T cell receptor (TCR) complex and co-stimulatory molecules associated with T cell activation; however, the similarities and differences between CARs and endogenous TCRs regarding their sensitivity, signaling pathway, killing mechanisms, and performance are still not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the parallel comparisons between CARs and TCRs from various aspects and how these current findings might provide novel insights and contribute to improvement of CAR-T cell therapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yun
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Siegler
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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4
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Park JS, Perl A. Endosome Traffic Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Signal Transduction in CD4 + T Cells-Implications for the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10749. [PMID: 37445926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling regulates the cell surface receptor composition of the plasma membrane. The surface expression levels of the T cell receptor (TCR), in concert with signal transducing co-receptors, regulate T cell responses, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. Altered TCR expression contributes to pro-inflammatory skewing, which is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), defined by a reduced function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the expansion of CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. The ensuing secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23, trigger autoantibody production and tissue infiltration by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system that induce organ damage. Endocytic recycling influences immunological synapse formation by CD4+ T lymphocytes, signal transduction from crosslinked surface receptors through recruitment of adaptor molecules, intracellular traffic of organelles, and the generation of metabolites to support growth, cytokine production, and epigenetic control of DNA replication and gene expression in the cell nucleus. This review will delineate checkpoints of endosome traffic that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune and other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy S Park
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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5
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David O, Kristal E, Ling G, Broides A, Hadad N, Shubinsky G, Nahum A. Hypoparathyroidism-Retardation-Dysmorphism Syndrome due to a Variant in the Tubulin-Specific Chaperone E Gene as a Cause of Combined Immune Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:350-357. [PMID: 36258138 PMCID: PMC9579628 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism (HRD) syndrome is a disease composed of hypoparathyroidism, growth retardation, severe developmental delay, and typical dysmorphic features caused by the tubulin-specific chaperone E gene variant. Many patients succumb in infancy to HRD due to overwhelming infections mainly caused by Pneumococcus spp. Knowledge related to the immune system in these patients is scarce. PURPOSE To define the immune phenotype of a cohort of HRD patients including their cellular, humoral, and neutrophil functions. METHODS The study included HRD patients followed at Soroka University Medical Center. Clinical and immunological data were obtained, including immunoglobulin concentrations, specific antibody titers, lymphocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte proliferation, and neutrophil functions. RESULTS Nine patients (5 females and 4 males) were enrolled, aged 6 months to 15 years. All received amoxicillin prophylaxis as part of a routine established previously. Three patients had bacteremia with Klebsiella, Shigella spp., and Candida. Three patients had confirmed coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and two of them died from this infection. All patients had normal blood counts. Patients showed high total IgA and IgE levels, low anti-pneumococcal antibodies in spite of a routine vaccination schedule, and reduced frequency of naive B cells with increased frequency of CD21lowCD27- B cells. All patients had abnormal T-cell population distributions, including reduced terminally differentiated effector memory CD8, inverted CD4/CD8 ratios, and impaired phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Neutrophil superoxide production and chemotaxis were normal in all patients tested. CONCLUSION HRD is a combined immunodeficiency disease with syndromic features, manifesting in severe invasive bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeya David
- Pediatric Endocrine Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pediatric Ambulatory Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Eyal Kristal
- Pediatric Ambulatory Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel.
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Galina Ling
- Pediatric Ambulatory Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Arnon Broides
- Pediatric Ambulatory Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pediatric Immunology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nurit Hadad
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - George Shubinsky
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amit Nahum
- Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Pediatric Immunology Clinic, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Primary Immunodeficiency Research Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Pediatrics Department A, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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6
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Deb S, Sun J. Endosomal Sorting Protein SNX27 and Its Emerging Roles in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010070. [PMID: 36612066 PMCID: PMC9818000 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SNX27 belongs to the sorting nexin (SNX) family of proteins that play a critical role in protein sorting and trafficking in the endocytosis pathway. This protein family is characterized by the presence of a Phox (PX) domain; however, SNX27 is unique in containing an additional PDZ domain. Recently, SNX27 has gained popularity as an important sorting protein that is associated with the retromer complex and mediates the recycling of internalized proteins from endosomes to the plasma membrane in a PDZ domain-dependent manner. Over 100 cell surface proteins have been identified as binding partners of the SNX27-retromer complex. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms governed by SNX27 in tumorigenesis remains to be poorly understood. Many of its known binding partners include several G-protein coupled receptors, such as β2-andrenergic receptor and parathyroid hormone receptor, are associated with multiple pathways implicated in oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis. Additionally, SNX27 mediates the recycling of GLUT1 and the activation of mTORC1, both of which can regulate intracellular energy balance and promote cell survival and proliferation under conditions of nutrient deprivation. In this review, we summarize the structure and fundamental roles of SNX proteins, with a focus on SNX27, and provide the current evidence indicating towards the role of SNX27 in human cancers. We also discuss the gap in the field and future direction of SNX27 research. Insights into the emerging roles and mechanism of SNX27 in cancers will provide better development strategies to prevent and treat tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Deb
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-996-5020
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7
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Tian L, Zhou W, Wu X, Hu Z, Qiu L, Zhang H, Chen X, Zhang S, Lu Z. CTLs: Killers of intracellular bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:967679. [PMID: 36389159 PMCID: PMC9645434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.967679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbial pathogens have evolved a range of capabilities to evade host immune defense mechanisms and to survive and multiply in host cells. The presence of host intracellular bacteria makes it difficult for specific antibodies to function. After the intracellular bacteria escape the attack of the innate immune system, such as phagocytes, they survive in cells, and then adaptive immunity comes into play. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in eliminating intracellular bacteria. The regulation of key transcription factors could promote CD4+/CD8+ T cells to acquire cytolytic ability. The TCR-CD3 complex transduces activation signals generated by TCR recognition of antigen and promotes CTLs to generate multiple pathways to kill intracellular bacteria. In this review, the mechanism of CD4/CD8 CTLs differentiation and how CD4/CD8 CTLs kill intracellular bacteria are introduced. In addition, their application and prospects in the treatment of bacterial infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwei Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuannan Hu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Wu B, Wang Q, Shi X, Jiang M. Targeting Endocytosis and Cell Communications in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:161. [PMID: 36258231 PMCID: PMC9578241 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of multiple endocytic pathways is well known, and their exact biological effects in tumors have been intensively investigated. Endocytosis can affect the connection between tumor cells and determine the fate of tumor cells. Many relationships between endocytosis and tumor cells have been elucidated, but the mechanism of endocytosis between different types of cells in tumors needs to be explored in greater depth. Endocytic receptors sense the environment and are induced by specific ligands to trigger communication between tumor and immune cells. Crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment can occur through direct contact between cell adhesion molecules or indirectly through exosomes. So a better understanding of the endocytic pathways that control cell adhesion molecules and function is expected to lead to new candidates for cancer treatment. In additional, tumor-derived exosomes may changes immune cell function, which may be a key role for tumors to evade immune detection and response. The overall understanding of exosomes through endocytosis is also expected to bring new candidates for therapeutic regulation of tumor immune microenvironment. In this case, endocytic pathways coordinate cell adhesion molecules and exosomes and can be used as targets in the tumor immune microenvironment for cancer treatment. Video Abstract
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De Souza MM, Koltes DA, Beiki H, Sales MA, Tsai T, Maxwell CV, Zhao J, Koltes JE. Early-Life Exposure of Pigs to Topsoil Alters miRNA and mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:886875. [PMID: 36081988 PMCID: PMC9445269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to less-hygienic conditions during early childhood has been associated with stimulation and development of the immune system. A recent study indicated that exposure of piglets to soil-borne microbes during lactation was related with modulation of gut microbiota and immune function. To identify the potential molecular mechanisms and pathways impacted by early-life topsoil exposure, we analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these piglets. Total RNA was extracted from the PBMCs of piglets exposed to topsoil only from d 4–d 21 of life (mRNA n = 6; miRNA n = 5) or unexposed control pigs (mRNA n = 6; miRNA n = 8) at 11, 20, and 56 days of age. Small RNA and mRNA were sequenced with 50-bp single-end reads using Illumina chemistry. Sequence data were quality checked with FASTQC software and aligned to the Sscrofa 11.1 genome with the STAR aligner for mRNA and mirDeep2 for miRNA. Differential expression (DE) analysis was performed using PROC Glimmix of SAS to evaluate changes in expression due to topsoil exposure over time with genes declared DE at a false discovery rate (FDR) of q < 0.10. A total of 138 mRNA and 21 miRNAs were identified as DE for the treatment by age interaction. Ontology enrichment analysis of DE mRNA revealed Gene ontology (GO) terms directly involved in the connection between T-cell and antigen-presenting cells that are associated with T-cell activation. Key regulatory genes identified include PTPRJ, ITGB3, TRBV30, CD3D, mir-143, mir-29, and mir-148a. While these results require validation, this study provides data supporting the hypothesis that less-hygienic environments during early life may contribute to the development of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. De Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - D. A. Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - H. Beiki
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - M. A. Sales
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - T. Tsai
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - C. V. Maxwell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - J. Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas-Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - J. E. Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: J. E. Koltes,
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10
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Capitani N, Baldari CT. The Immunological Synapse: An Emerging Target for Immune Evasion by Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943344. [PMID: 35911720 PMCID: PMC9325968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to other pathogens, bacteria have developed during their evolution a variety of mechanisms to overcome both innate and acquired immunity, accounting for their ability to cause disease or chronic infections. The mechanisms exploited for this critical function act by targeting conserved structures or pathways that regulate the host immune response. A strategic potential target is the immunological synapse (IS), a highly specialized structure that forms at the interface between antigen presenting cells (APC) and T lymphocytes and is required for the establishment of an effective T cell response to the infectious agent and for the development of long-lasting T cell memory. While a variety of bacterial pathogens are known to impair or subvert cellular processes essential for antigen processing and presentation, on which IS assembly depends, it is only recently that the possibility that IS may be a direct target of bacterial virulence factors has been considered. Emerging evidence strongly supports this notion, highlighting IS targeting as a powerful, novel means of immune evasion by bacterial pathogens. In this review we will present a brief overview of the mechanisms used by bacteria to affect IS assembly by targeting APCs. We will then summarize what has emerged from the current handful of studies that have addressed the direct impact of bacterial virulence factors on IS assembly in T cells and, based on the strategic cellular processes targeted by these factors in other cell types, highlight potential IS-related vulnerabilities that could be exploited by these pathogens to evade T cell mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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11
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Sun J, Zhong X, Fu X, Miller H, Lee P, Yu B, Liu C. The Actin Regulators Involved in the Function and Related Diseases of Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799309. [PMID: 35371070 PMCID: PMC8965893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an important cytoskeletal protein involved in signal transduction, cell structure and motility. Actin regulators include actin-monomer-binding proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins, nucleation proteins, actin filament polymerases and severing proteins. This group of proteins regulate the dynamic changes in actin assembly/disassembly, thus playing an important role in cell motility, intracellular transport, cell division and other basic cellular activities. Lymphocytes are important components of the human immune system, consisting of T-lymphocytes (T cells), B-lymphocytes (B cells) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Lymphocytes are indispensable for both innate and adaptive immunity and cannot function normally without various actin regulators. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and fundamental functions of a variety of well-known and newly discovered actin regulators, then we highlight the role of actin regulators in T cell, B cell and NK cell, and finally provide a landscape of various diseases associated with them. This review provides new directions in exploring actin regulators and promotes more precise and effective treatments for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Ramírez-Fernández Á, Aguilar-Sopeña Ó, Díez-Alonso L, Segura-Tudela A, Domínguez-Alonso C, Roda-Navarro P, Álvarez-Vallina L, Blanco B. Synapse topology and downmodulation events determine the functional outcome of anti-CD19 T cell-redirecting strategies. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2054106. [PMID: 35355682 PMCID: PMC8959521 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2054106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on the endogenous secretion of T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies by engineered T lymphocytes (STAb-T) are emerging as alternative or complementary approaches to those based on chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T). The antitumor efficacy of bispecific anti-CD19 × anti-CD3 (CD19×CD3) T cell engager (BiTE)-secreting STAb-T cells has been demonstrated in several mouse models of B-cell acute leukemia. Here, we have investigated the spatial topology and downstream signaling of the artificial immunological synapses (IS) that are formed by CAR-T or STAb-T cells. Upon interaction with CD19-positive target cells, STAb-T cells form IS with structure and signal transduction, which more closely resemble those of physiological cognate IS, compared to IS formed by CAR-T cells expressing a second-generation CAR bearing the same CD19-single-chain variable fragment. Importantly, while CD3 is maintained at detectable levels on the surface of STAb-T cells, indicating sustained activation mediated by the secreted BiTE, the anti-CD19 CAR was rapidly downmodulated, which correlated with a more transient downstream signaling. Furthermore, CAR-T cells, but not STAb-T cells, provoke an acute loss of CD19 in target cells. Such differences might represent advantages of the STAb-T strategy over the CAR-T approach and should be carefully considered in order to develop more effective and safer treatments for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Ramírez-Fernández
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Aguilar-Sopeña
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Díez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Segura-Tudela
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Domínguez-Alonso
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Blanco
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital, Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RICORS, RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
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13
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González-Mancha N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Alcover A, Merida I. Sorting Nexin 27 Enables MTOC and Secretory Machinery Translocation to the Immune Synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 12:814570. [PMID: 35095913 PMCID: PMC8790036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.814570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) association to the retromer complex mediates intracellular trafficking of cargoes containing PSD95/Dlg1/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding C-terminal sequences from endosomes to the cell surface, preventing their lysosomal degradation. Antigen recognition by T lymphocyte leads to the formation of a highly organized structure named the immune synapse (IS), which ensures cell-cell communication and sustained T cell activation. At the neuronal synapse, SNX27 recycles PDZ-binding receptors and its defective expression is associated with synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. In T lymphocytes, SNX27 was found localized at recycling endosomal compartments that polarized to the IS, suggesting a function in polarized traffic to this structure. Proteomic analysis of PDZ-SNX27 interactors during IS formation identify proteins with known functions in cytoskeletal reorganization and lipid regulation, such as diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK) ζ, as well as components of the retromer and WASH complex. In this study, we investigated the consequences of SNX27 deficiency in cytoskeletal reorganization during IS formation. Our analyses demonstrate that SNX27 controls the polarization towards the cell-cell interface of the PDZ-interacting cargoes DGKζ and the retromer subunit vacuolar protein sorting protein 26, among others. SNX27 silencing abolishes the formation of a DAG gradient at the IS and prevents re-localization of the dynactin complex component dynactin-1/p150Glued, two events that correlate with impaired microtubule organizing center translocation (MTOC). SNX27 silenced cells show marked alteration in cytoskeleton organization including a failure in the organization of the microtubule network and defects in actin clearance at the IS. Reduced SNX27 expression was also found to hinder the arrangement of signaling microclusters at the IS, as well as the polarization of the secretory machinery towards the antigen presenting cells. Our results broaden the knowledge of SNX27 function in T lymphocytes by showing a function in modulating IS organization through regulated trafficking of cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia González-Mancha
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unité Biologie Cellulaire des Lymphocytes, INSERM U1224, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Équipe Labellisée Ligue-2018, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Merida
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cassioli C, Baldari CT. Lymphocyte Polarization During Immune Synapse Assembly: Centrosomal Actin Joins the Game. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830835. [PMID: 35222415 PMCID: PMC8873515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among immune cells are essential for the development of adaptive immune responses. The immunological synapse (IS) provides a specialized platform for integration of signals and intercellular communication between T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs). In the T cell the reorganization of surface molecules at the synaptic interface is initiated by T cell receptor binding to a cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex on the APC surface and is accompanied by a polarized remodelling of the cytoskeleton and centrosome reorientation to a subsynaptic position. Although there is a general agreement on polarizing signals and mechanisms driving centrosome reorientation during IS assembly, the primary events that prepare for centrosome repositioning remain largely unexplored. It has been recently shown that in resting lymphocytes a local polymerization of filamentous actin (F-actin) at the centrosome contributes to anchoring this organelle to the nucleus. During early stages of IS formation centrosomal F-actin undergoes depletion, allowing for centrosome detachment from the nucleus and its polarization towards the synaptic membrane. We recently demonstrated that in CD4+ T cells the reduction in centrosomal F-actin relies on the activity of a centrosome-associated proteasome and implicated the ciliopathy-related Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein in the dynein-dependent recruitment of the proteasome 19S regulatory subunit to the centrosome. In this short review we will feature our recent findings that collectively provide a new function for BBS proteins and the proteasome in actin dynamics, centrosome polarization and T cell activation.
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15
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Capitani N, Onnis A, Finetti F, Cassioli C, Plebani A, Brunetti J, Troilo A, D’Elios S, Baronio M, Gazzurelli L, Della Bella C, Billadeau DD, D’Elios MM, Lougaris V, Baldari CT. A CVID-associated variant in the ciliogenesis protein CCDC28B disrupts immune synapse assembly. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:65-81. [PMID: 34294890 PMCID: PMC8738737 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciliogenesis proteins orchestrate vesicular trafficking pathways that regulate immune synapse (IS) assembly in the non-ciliated T-cells. We hypothesized that ciliogenesis-related genes might be disease candidates for common variable immunodeficiency with impaired T-cell function (T-CVID). We identified a heterozygous, predicted pathogenic variant in the ciliogenesis protein CCDC28B present with increased frequency in a large CVID cohort. We show that CCDC28B participates in IS assembly by regulating polarized T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) recycling. This involves the CCDC28B-dependent, FAM21-mediated recruitment of the actin regulator WASH to retromer at early endosomes to promote actin polymerization. The CVID-associated CCDC28BR25W variant failed to interact with FAM21, leading to impaired synaptic TCR recycling. CVID T cells carrying the ccdc28b 211 C > T allele displayed IS defects mapping to this pathway that were corrected by overexpression of the wild-type allele. These results identify a new disease gene in T-CVID and pinpoint CCDC28B as a new player in IS assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Onnis
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Finetti
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Troilo
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sofia D’Elios
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Baronio
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Gazzurelli
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Della Bella
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Oncology Research, Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- grid.7637.50000000417571846Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, and ASST-Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosima T. Baldari
- grid.9024.f0000 0004 1757 4641Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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16
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Martin-Cofreces NB, Sanchez-Madrid F, Roda-Navarro P. Editorial: Cytoskeleton Dynamics as Master Regulator of Organelle Reorganization and Intracellular Signaling for Cell-Cell Competition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:782559. [PMID: 34778278 PMCID: PMC8581440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.782559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noa B Martin-Cofreces
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Capitani N, Patrussi L, Baldari CT. Nature vs. Nurture: The Two Opposing Behaviors of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011221. [PMID: 34681881 PMCID: PMC8540886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to Janus, the two-faced god of Roman mythology, the tumor microenvironment operates two opposing and often conflicting activities, on the one hand fighting against tumor cells, while on the other hand, favoring their proliferation, survival and migration to other sites to establish metastases. In the tumor microenvironment, cytotoxic T cells-the specialized tumor-cell killers-also show this dual nature, operating their tumor-cell directed killing activities until they become exhausted and dysfunctional, a process promoted by cancer cells themselves. Here, we discuss the opposing activities of immune cells populating the tumor microenvironment in both cancer progression and anti-cancer responses, with a focus on cytotoxic T cells and on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficient suppression of their killing activities as a paradigm of the power of cancer cells to shape the microenvironment for their own survival and expansion.
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18
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Cassioli C, Onnis A, Finetti F, Capitani N, Brunetti J, Compeer EB, Niederlova V, Stepanek O, Dustin ML, Baldari CT. The Bardet-Biedl syndrome complex component BBS1 controls T cell polarity during immune synapse assembly. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258462. [PMID: 34423835 PMCID: PMC7613584 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system that regulates the assembly of the primary cilium are co-opted by the non-ciliated T cell to orchestrate polarized endosome recycling and to sustain signaling during immune synapse formation. Here, we investigated the potential role of Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein (BBS1), an essential core component of the BBS complex that cooperates with the IFT system in ciliary protein trafficking, in the assembly of the T cell synapse. We demonstrated that BBS1 allows for centrosome polarization towards the immune synapse. This function is achieved through the clearance of centrosomal F-actin and its positive regulator WASH1 (also known as WASHC1), a process that we demonstrated to be dependent on the proteasome. We show that BBS1 regulates this process by coupling the 19S proteasome regulatory subunit to the microtubule motor dynein for its transport to the centrosome. Our data identify the ciliopathy-related protein BBS1 as a new player in T cell synapse assembly that functions upstream of the IFT system to set the stage for polarized vesicular trafficking and sustained signaling. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ewoud B Compeer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Veronika Niederlova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stepanek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Capitani N, Baldari CT. F-Actin Dynamics in the Regulation of Endosomal Recycling and Immune Synapse Assembly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:670882. [PMID: 34249926 PMCID: PMC8265274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.670882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins endocytosed at the cell surface as vesicular cargoes are sorted at early endosomes for delivery to lysosomes for degradation or alternatively recycled to different cellular destinations. Cargo recycling is orchestrated by multimolecular complexes that include the retromer, retriever, and the WASH complex, which promote the polymerization of new actin filaments at early endosomes. These endosomal actin pools play a key role at different steps of the recycling process, from cargo segregation to specific endosomal subdomains to the generation and mobility of tubulo-vesicular transport carriers. Local F-actin pools also participate in the complex redistribution of endomembranes and organelles that leads to the acquisition of cell polarity. Here, we will present an overview of the contribution of endosomal F-actin to T-cell polarization during assembly of the immune synapse, a specialized membrane domain that T cells form at the contact with cognate antigen-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaja Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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20
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Forkosh E, Kenig A, Ilan Y. Introducing variability in targeting the microtubules: Review of current mechanisms and future directions in colchicine therapy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 8:e00616. [PMID: 32608157 PMCID: PMC7327382 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly dynamic polymers that constitute the cellular cytoskeleton and play a role in multiple cellular functions. Variability characterizes biological systems and is considered a part of the normal function of cells and organs. Variability contributes to cell plasticity and is a mechanism for overcoming errors in cellular level assembly and function, and potentially the whole organ level. Dynamic instability is a feature of biological variability that characterizes the function of MTs. The dynamic behavior of MTs constitutes the basis for multiple biological processes that contribute to cellular plasticity and the timing of cell signaling. Colchicine is a MT‐modifying drug that exerts anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer effects. This review discusses some of the functions of colchicine and presents a platform for introducing variability while targeting MTs in intestinal cells, the microbiome, the gut, and the systemic immune system. This platform can be used for implementing novel therapies, improving response to chronic MT‐based therapies, overcoming drug resistance, exerting gut‐based systemic immune responses, and generating patient‐tailored dynamic therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Forkosh
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Kenig
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Fernández-Orth J, Rolfes L, Gola L, Bittner S, Andronic J, Sukhorukov VL, Sisario D, Landgraf P, Dieterich DC, Cerina M, Smalla KH, Kähne T, Budde T, Kovac S, Ruck T, Sauer M, Meuth SG. A role for TASK2 channels in the human immunological synapse. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:342-353. [PMID: 33169379 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse is a transient junction that occurs when the plasma membrane of a T cell comes in close contact with an APC after recognizing a peptide from the antigen-MHC. The interaction starts when CRAC channels embedded in the T cell membrane open, flowing calcium ions into the cell. To counterbalance the ion influx and subsequent depolarization, Kv 1.3 and KCa3.1 channels are recruited to the immunological synapse, increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. These processes are crucial as they initiate gene expression that drives T cell activation and proliferation. The T cell-specific function of the K2P channel family member TASK2 channels and their role in autoimmune processes remains unclear. Using mass spectrometry analysis together with epifluorescence and super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy, we identified TASK2 channels as novel players recruited to the immunological synapse upon stimulation. TASK2 localizes at the immunological synapse, upon stimulation with CD3 antibodies, likely interacting with these molecules. Our findings suggest that, together with Kv 1.3 and KCa3.1 channels, TASK2 channels contribute to the proper functioning of the immunological synapse, and represent an interesting treatment target for T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leoni Rolfes
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Gola
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joseph Andronic
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L Sukhorukov
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Sisario
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Landgraf
- Neural Plasticity and Communication, Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela C Dieterich
- Neural Plasticity and Communication, Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Smalla
- Special Lab Molecular Biological Techniques, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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22
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Descamps D, Evnouchidou I, Caillens V, Drajac C, Riffault S, van Endert P, Saveanu L. The Role of Insulin Regulated Aminopeptidase in Endocytic Trafficking and Receptor Signaling in Immune Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:583556. [PMID: 33195428 PMCID: PMC7606930 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.583556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) is a type II transmembrane protein with broad tissue distribution initially identified as a major component of Glut4 storage vesicles (GSV) in adipocytes. Despite its almost ubiquitous expression, IRAP had been extensively studied mainly in insulin responsive cells, such as adipocytes and muscle cells. In these cells, the enzyme displays a complex intracellular trafficking pattern regulated by insulin. Early studies using fusion proteins joining the IRAP cytosolic domain to various reporter proteins, such as GFP or the transferrin receptor (TfR), showed that the complex and regulated trafficking of the protein depends on its cytosolic domain. This domain contains several motifs involved in IRAP trafficking, as demonstrated by mutagenesis studies. Also, proteomic studies and yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that the IRAP cytosolic domain engages in multiple protein interactions with cytoskeleton components and vesicular trafficking adaptors. These findings led to the hypothesis that IRAP is not only a cargo of GSV but might be a part of the sorting machinery that controls GSV dynamics. Recent work in adipocytes, immune cells, and neurons confirmed this hypothesis and demonstrated that IRAP has a dual function. Its carboxy-terminal domain located inside endosomes is responsible for the aminopeptidase activity of the enzyme, while its amino-terminal domain located in the cytosol functions as an endosomal trafficking adaptor. In this review, we recapitulate the published protein interactions of IRAP and summarize the increasing body of evidence indicating that IRAP plays a role in intracellular trafficking of several proteins. We describe the impact of IRAP deletion or depletion on endocytic trafficking and the consequences on immune cell functions. These include the ability of dendritic cells to cross-present antigens and prime adaptive immune responses, as well as the control of innate and adaptive immune receptor signaling and modulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irini Evnouchidou
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Inovarion, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Caillens
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
| | - Carole Drajac
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jou-en-Josas, France
| | - Sabine Riffault
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jou-en-Josas, France
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, INSERM Unité 1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Service d'immunologie biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Loredana Saveanu
- Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France
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23
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Biolato AM, Filali L, Wurzer H, Hoffmann C, Gargiulo E, Valitutti S, Thomas C. Actin remodeling and vesicular trafficking at the tumor cell side of the immunological synapse direct evasion from cytotoxic lymphocytes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:99-130. [PMID: 33066877 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Michela Biolato
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Liza Filali
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Ernesto Gargiulo
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Salvatore Valitutti
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France; Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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24
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Garcia E, Ismail S. Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling: Focus on T Cell Activation and the Immunological Synapse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3283. [PMID: 32384769 PMCID: PMC7247333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In a signaling network, not only the functions of molecules are important but when (temporal) and where (spatial) those functions are exerted and orchestrated is what defines the signaling output. To temporally and spatially modulate signaling events, cells generate specialized functional domains with variable lifetime and size that concentrate signaling molecules, enhancing their transduction potential. The plasma membrane is a key in this regulation, as it constitutes a primary signaling hub that integrates signals within and across the membrane. Here, we examine some of the mechanisms that cells exhibit to spatiotemporally regulate signal transduction, focusing on the early events of T cell activation from triggering of T cell receptor to formation and maturation of the immunological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcia
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Shehab Ismail
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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25
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Roda-Navarro P, Álvarez-Vallina L. Understanding the Spatial Topology of Artificial Immunological Synapses Assembled in T Cell-Redirecting Strategies: A Major Issue in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:370. [PMID: 31998721 PMCID: PMC6965029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Lymphocyte Immunobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Martín-Moreno A, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Dendritic Cells, the Double Agent in the War Against HIV-1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2485. [PMID: 31708924 PMCID: PMC6820366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects cells from the immune system and has thus developed tools to circumvent the host immunity and use it in its advance. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the first immune cells to encounter the HIV, and being the main antigen (Ag) presenting cells, they link the innate and the adaptive immune responses. While DCs work to promote an efficient immune response and halt the infection, HIV-1 has ways to take advantage of their role and uses DCs to gain faster and more efficient access to CD4+ T cells. Due to their ability to activate a specific immune response, DCs are promising candidates to achieve the functional cure of HIV-1 infection, but knowing the molecular partakers that determine the relationship between virus and cell is the key for the rational and successful design of a DC-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how both DC subsets (myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs) act in presence of HIV-1, and focus on different pathways that the virus can take after binding to DC. First, we explore the consequences of HIV-1 recognition by each receptor on DCs, including CD4 and DC-SIGN. Second, we look at cellular mechanisms that prevent productive infection and weapons that turn cellular defense into a Trojan horse that hides the virus all the way to T cell. Finally, we discuss the possible outcomes of DC-T cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martín-Moreno
- Sección de Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Sección de Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER BBN), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Flotillins promote T cell receptor sorting through a fast Rab5-Rab11 endocytic recycling axis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4392. [PMID: 31558725 PMCID: PMC6763463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted endocytic recycling of the T cell receptor (TCR) to the immunological synapse is essential for T cell activation. Despite this, the mechanisms that underlie the sorting of internalised receptors into recycling endosomes remain poorly understood. To build a comprehensive picture of TCR recycling during T cell activation, we developed a suite of new imaging and quantification tools centred on photoactivation of fluorescent proteins. We show that the membrane-organising proteins, flotillin-1 and -2, are required for TCR to reach Rab5-positive endosomes immediately after endocytosis and for transfer from Rab5- to Rab11a-positive compartments. We further observe that after sorting into in Rab11a-positive vesicles, TCR recycles to the plasma membrane independent of flotillin expression. Our data suggest a mechanism whereby flotillins delineate a fast Rab5-Rab11a endocytic recycling axis and functionally contribute to regulate the spatial organisation of these endosomes. Internalized receptors are recycled back to the cell surface, but their precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that the flotillin membrane proteins may regulate the transfer of internalized T cell receptors into Rab5 and Rab11-positive endosomes to support its rapid recycling.
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28
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Müller MT, Schempp R, Lutz A, Felder T, Felder E, Miklavc P. Interaction of microtubules and actin during the post-fusion phase of exocytosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11973. [PMID: 31427591 PMCID: PMC6700138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytosis is the intracellular trafficking step where a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to release vesicle content. Actin and microtubules both play a role in exocytosis; however, their interplay is not understood. Here we study the interaction of actin and microtubules during exocytosis in lung alveolar type II (ATII) cells that secrete surfactant from large secretory vesicles. Surfactant extrusion is facilitated by an actin coat that forms on the vesicle shortly after fusion pore opening. Actin coat compression allows hydrophobic surfactant to be released from the vesicle. We show that microtubules are localized close to actin coats and stay close to the coats during their compression. Inhibition of microtubule polymerization by colchicine and nocodazole affected the kinetics of actin coat formation and the extent of actin polymerisation on fused vesicles. In addition, microtubule and actin cross-linking protein IQGAP1 localized to fused secretory vesicles and IQGAP1 silencing influenced actin polymerisation after vesicle fusion. This study demonstrates that microtubules can influence actin coat formation and actin polymerization on secretory vesicles during exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tabitha Müller
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebekka Schempp
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anngrit Lutz
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Felder
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edward Felder
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pika Miklavc
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, The Crescent, M54WT, Salford, United Kingdom.
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29
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ARF6 and AMAP1 are major targets of KRAS and TP53 mutations to promote invasion, PD-L1 dynamics, and immune evasion of pancreatic cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17450-17459. [PMID: 31399545 PMCID: PMC6717289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901765116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal carcinomas (PDACs) have been extensively studied regarding their genomic alterations, microenvironmental intercommunication, and metabolic reprogramming. However, identification of the protein machinery of tumor cells that eventually drives malignancy as a result of driver mutations, and their associated events, is highly anticipated toward the development of precision medicine. The lack of such information regarding PDACs has hindered the elucidation of mechanisms driving malignancies, leaving them incurable. Here we demonstrated that the 2 well-known pancreatic driver mutations cooperatively activate a specific signaling pathway that promotes tumor invasion and immune evasion properties. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis by which malignancies often develop in parallel with oncogenesis and PDAC cell growth, as well as druggable targets for immunotherapies. Although KRAS and TP53 mutations are major drivers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the incurable nature of this cancer still remains largely elusive. ARF6 and its effector AMAP1 are often overexpressed in different cancers and regulate the intracellular dynamics of integrins and E-cadherin, thus promoting tumor invasion and metastasis when ARF6 is activated. Here we show that the ARF6–AMAP1 pathway is a major target by which KRAS and TP53 cooperatively promote malignancy. KRAS was identified to promote eIF4A-dependent ARF6 mRNA translation, which contains a quadruplex structure at its 5′-untranslated region, by inducing TEAD3 and ETV4 to suppress PDCD4; and also eIF4E-dependent AMAP1 mRNA translation, which contains a 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine-like sequence, via up-regulating mTORC1. TP53 facilitated ARF6 activation by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), via its known function to promote the expression of PDGF receptor β (PDGFRβ) and enzymes of the mevalonate pathway (MVP). The ARF6–AMAP1 pathway was moreover essential for PDGF-driven recycling of PD-L1, in which KRAS, TP53, eIF4A/4E-dependent translation, mTOR, and MVP were all integral. We moreover demonstrated that the mouse PDAC model KPC cells, bearing KRAS/TP53 mutations, express ARF6 and AMAP1 at high levels and that the ARF6-based pathway is closely associated with immune evasion of KPC cells. Expression of ARF6 pathway components statistically correlated with poor patient outcomes. Thus, the cooperation among eIF4A/4E-dependent mRNA translation and MVP has emerged as a link by which pancreatic driver mutations may promote tumor cell motility, PD-L1 dynamics, and immune evasion, via empowering the ARF6-based pathway and its activation by external ligands.
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30
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Onnis A, Baldari CT. Orchestration of Immunological Synapse Assembly by Vesicular Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:110. [PMID: 31334230 PMCID: PMC6616304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) by cognate peptide bound to the Major Histocompatibility Complex on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) leads to the spatial reorganization of the TCR and accessory receptors to form a specialized area of intimate contact between T cell and APC, known as the immunological synapse (IS), where signals are deciphered, coordinated, and integrated to promote T cell activation. With the discovery that an endosomal TCR pool contributes to IS assembly and function by undergoing polarized recycling to the IS, recent years have witnessed a shift from a plasma membrane-centric view of the IS to the vesicular trafficking events that occur at this location following the TCR-dependent translocation of the centrosome toward the synaptic membrane. Here we will summarize our current understanding of the trafficking pathways that are responsible for the steady delivery of endosomal TCRs, kinases, and adapters to the IS to sustain signaling, as well as of the endocytic pathways responsible for signal termination. We will also discuss recent evidence highlighting a role for endosomes in sustaining TCR signaling after its internalization at the IS and identifying the IS as a site of formation and release of extracellular vesicles that allow for transcellular communication with the APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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31
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Ilan-Ber T, Ilan Y. The role of microtubules in the immune system and as potential targets for gut-based immunotherapy. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Zucchetti AE, Bataille L, Carpier JM, Dogniaux S, San Roman-Jouve M, Maurin M, Stuck MW, Rios RM, Baldari CT, Pazour GJ, Hivroz C. Tethering of vesicles to the Golgi by GMAP210 controls LAT delivery to the immune synapse. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2864. [PMID: 31253807 PMCID: PMC6599081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The T cell immune synapse is a site of intense vesicular trafficking. Here we show that the golgin GMAP210, known to capture vesicles and organize membrane traffic at the Golgi, is involved in the vesicular transport of LAT to the immune synapse. Upon activation, more GMAP210 interact with LAT-containing vesicles and go together with LAT to the immune synapse. Regulating LAT recruitment and LAT-dependent signaling, GMAP210 controls T cell activation. Using a rerouting and capture assay, we show that GMAP210 captures VAMP7-decorated vesicles. Overexpressing different domains of GMAP210, we also show that GMAP210 allows their specific delivery to the immune synapse by tethering LAT-vesicles to the Golgi. Finally, in a model of ectopic expression of LAT in ciliated cells, we show that GMAP210 tethering activity controls the delivery of LAT to the cilium. Hence, our results reveal a function for the golgin GMAP210 conveying specific vesicles to the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Ernesto Zucchetti
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Laurence Bataille
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Marie Carpier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.,Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stéphanie Dogniaux
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mabel San Roman-Jouve
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Michael W Stuck
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rosa M Rios
- Cell Dynamics and Signaling Department, CABIMER-CSIC/US/UPO, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Integrative analysis of T cell activation team, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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33
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Castro-Sánchez P, Aguilar-Sopeña O, Alegre-Gómez S, Ramirez-Munoz R, Roda-Navarro P. Regulation of CD4 + T Cell Signaling and Immunological Synapse by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1447. [PMID: 31297117 PMCID: PMC6607956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation and effector function is mediated by the formation of a long-lasting interaction established between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) called immunological synapse (IS). During T cell activation, different signaling molecules as well as the cytoskeleton and the endosomal compartment are polarized to the IS. This molecular dynamics is tightly regulated by phosphorylation networks, which are controlled by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). While some PTPs are known to be important regulators of adhesion, ligand discrimination or the stimulation threshold, there is still little information about the regulatory role of PTPs in cytoskeleton rearrangements and endosomal compartment dynamics. Besides, spatial and temporal regulation of PTPs and substrates at the IS is only barely known. Consistent with an important role of PTPs in T cell activation, multiple mutations as well as altered expression levels or dynamic behaviors have been associated with autoimmune diseases. However, the precise mechanism for the regulation of T cell activation and effector function by PTPs in health and autoimmunity is not fully understood. Herein, we review the current knowledge about the regulatory role of PTPs in CD4+ T cell activation, IS assembly and effector function. The potential molecular mechanisms mediating the action of these enzymes in autoimmune disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute '12 de Octubre (imas12)', Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Aguilar-Sopeña
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute '12 de Octubre (imas12)', Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Alegre-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute '12 de Octubre (imas12)', Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Ramirez-Munoz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute '12 de Octubre (imas12)', Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Roda-Navarro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute '12 de Octubre (imas12)', Madrid, Spain
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34
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Finetti F, Cassioli C, Cianfanelli V, Onnis A, Paccagnini E, Kabanova A, Baldari CT. The intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 controls lysosome biogenesis by regulating the post-Golgi transport of acid hydrolases. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:310-328. [PMID: 31142807 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly and function of the primary cilium depends on multimolecular intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes that shuttle their cargo along the axonemal microtubules through their interaction with molecular motors. The IFT system has been moreover recently implicated in a reciprocal interplay between autophagy and ciliogenesis. We have previously reported that IFT20 and other components of the IFT complexes participate in the assembly of the immune synapse in the non-ciliated T cell, suggesting that other cellular processes regulated by the IFT system in ciliated cells, including autophagy, may be shared by cells lacking a cilium. Starting from the observation of a defect in autophagic clearance and an accumulation of lipid droplets in IFT20-deficient T cells, we show that IFT20 is required for lysosome biogenesis and function by controlling the lysosomal targeting of acid hydrolases. This function involves its ability to regulate the retrograde traffic of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) to the trans-Golgi network, which is achieved by coupling recycling CI-MPRs to the microtubule motor dynein. Consistent with the lysosomal defect, an upregulation of the TFEB-dependent expression of the lysosomal gene network can be observed in IFT20-deficient cells, which is associated with defective tonic T-cell antigen receptor signaling and mTOR activity. We additionally show that the lysosome-related function of IFT20 extends to non-ciliated cells other than T cells, as well as to ciliated cells. Our findings provide the first evidence that a component of the IFT system that controls ciliogenesis is implicated in the biogenesis of lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Finetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Paccagnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Kabanova
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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35
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Li J, Bai TR, Gao S, Zhou Z, Peng XM, Zhang LS, Dou DL, Zhang ZS, Li LY. Human rhomboid family-1 modulates clathrin coated vesicle-dependent pro-transforming growth factor α membrane trafficking to promote breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:229-240. [PMID: 30279141 PMCID: PMC6197618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is critical in epithelial cancer development. Human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF1) facilitates the secretion of TGFα, an EGFR ligand, in breast cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the role for RHBDF1 in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV)-dependent pro-TGFα membrane trafficking in breast cancer cells upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. METHODS RHBDF1 was silenced in various breast cancer cells using shRNA. TGFα levels, subcellular localization, and secretion were evaluated using ELISA, immunofluorescent staining, and coimmunoprecipitation. Phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were measured by western blotting. RHBDF1-dependent cell viability and invasion were measured. FINDINGS RHBDF1 mediates GPCR agonist-induced EGFR phosphorylation by promoting TGFα secretion in various types of breast cancer cells. RHBDF1 not only mediates ADAM17-dependent shedding of TGFα, but is essential in membrane trafficking of pro-TGFα. RHBDF1 silencing results in blocking of clathrin uncoating from CCV, a crucial step for the plasma membrane release of pro-TGFα. Interaction of RHBDF1 with auxilin-2, a CCV protein, determines the recruitment of HSC70 to CCV to facilitate clathrin uncoating. RHBDF1 function is required for the proliferation and mobility of breast cancer cells upon stimulation by Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P), a GPCR agonist. We demonstrate a significant correlation between RHBDF1 overexpression and EGFR activation in breast cancer tissues. INTERPRETATION RHBDF1 is an indispensable component of the protein trafficking machinery involved in GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation, and is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,672,740 to ZSZ, 81,272,356 and 81,330,029 to LYL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tai-Ran Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dao-Lei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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36
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Bonfim-Melo A, Ferreira ER, Florentino PTV, Mortara RA. Amastigote Synapse: The Tricks of Trypanosoma cruzi Extracellular Amastigotes. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1341. [PMID: 30013522 PMCID: PMC6036244 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To complete its life cycle within the mammalian host, Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas’ disease, must enter cells. Trypomastigotes originating from the insect vector (metacyclic) or from infected cells (bloodstream/tissue culture-derived) are the classical infective forms of the parasite and enter mammalian cells in an actin-independent manner. By contrast, amastigotes originating from the premature rupture of infected cells or transformed from swimming trypomastigotes (designated extracellular amastigotes, EAs) require functional intact microfilaments to invade non-phagocytic host cells. Earlier work disclosed the key features of EA-HeLa cell interplay: actin-rich protrusions called ‘cups’ are formed at EA invasion sites on the host cell membrane that are also enriched in actin-binding proteins, integrins and extracellular matrix elements. In the past decades we described the participation of membrane components and secreted factors from EAs as well as the actin-regulating proteins of host cells involved in what we propose to be a phagocytic-like mechanism of parasite uptake. Thus, regarding this new perspective herein we present previously described EA-induced ‘cups’ as parasitic synapse since they can play a role beyond its architecture function. In this review, we focus on recent findings that shed light on the intricate interaction between extracellular amastigotes and non-phagocytic HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bonfim-Melo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eden R Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pilar T V Florentino
- DNA Repair Lab, Biomedical Sciences Institute II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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37
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Martín-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F. Sailing to and Docking at the Immune Synapse: Role of Tubulin Dynamics and Molecular Motors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1174. [PMID: 29910809 PMCID: PMC5992405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The different cytoskeleton systems and their connecting molecular motors move vesicles and intracellular organelles to shape cells. Polarized cells with specialized functions display an exquisite spatio-temporal regulation of both cytoskeletal and organelle arrangements that support their specific tasks. In particular, T cells rapidly change their shape and cellular function through the establishment of cell surface and intracellular polarity in response to a variety of cues. This review focuses on the contribution of the microtubule-based dynein/dynactin motor complex, the tubulin and actin cytoskeletons, and different organelles to the formation of the antigen-driven immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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38
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Plasma membrane LAT activation precedes vesicular recruitment defining two phases of early T-cell activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2013. [PMID: 29789604 PMCID: PMC5964120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative importance of plasma membrane-localized LAT versus vesicular LAT for microcluster formation and T-cell receptor (TCR) activation is unclear. Here, we show the sequence of events in LAT microcluster formation and vesicle delivery, using lattice light sheet microscopy to image a T cell from the earliest point of activation. A kinetic lag occurs between LAT microcluster formation and vesicular pool recruitment to the synapse. Correlative 3D light and electron microscopy show an absence of vesicles at microclusters at early times, but an abundance of vesicles as activation proceeds. Using TIRF-SIM to look at the activated T-cell surface with high resolution, we capture directed vesicle movement between microclusters on microtubules. We propose a model in which cell surface LAT is recruited rapidly and phosphorylated at sites of T-cell activation, while the vesicular pool is subsequently recruited and dynamically interacts with microclusters. Controversy exists over the function of plasma membrane versus intracellular vesicular LAT in T-cell receptor signaling. Here the authors use high resolution imaging of the temporal dynamics of LAT involvement to show that both sources of LAT are required, but at distinct stages.
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39
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Agüera-González S, Burton OT, Vázquez-Chávez E, Cuche C, Herit F, Bouchet J, Lasserre R, Del Río-Iñiguez I, Di Bartolo V, Alcover A. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Defines Treg Differentiation and Anti-inflammatory Function through Microtubule-Mediated NFAT Localization. Cell Rep 2018; 21:181-194. [PMID: 28978472 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a polarity regulator and tumor suppressor associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and colorectal cancer development. Although extensively studied in epithelial transformation, the effect of APC on T lymphocyte activation remains poorly defined. We found that APC ensures T cell receptor-triggered activation through Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT), since APC is necessary for NFAT's nuclear localization in a microtubule-dependent fashion and for NFAT-driven transcription leading to cytokine gene expression. Interestingly, NFAT forms clusters juxtaposed with microtubules. Ultimately, mouse Apc deficiency reduces the presence of NFAT in the nucleus of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impairs Treg differentiation and the acquisition of a suppressive phenotype, which is characterized by the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These findings suggest a dual role for APC mutations in colorectal cancer development, where mutations drive the initiation of epithelial neoplasms and also reduce Treg-mediated suppression of the detrimental inflammation that enhances cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Agüera-González
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Vázquez-Chávez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bouchet
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Lasserre
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS URA1961, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM U1221, 75015 Paris, France.
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40
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Compeer EB, Kraus F, Ecker M, Redpath G, Amiezer M, Rother N, Nicovich PR, Kapoor-Kaushik N, Deng Q, Samson GPB, Yang Z, Lou J, Carnell M, Vartoukian H, Gaus K, Rossy J. A mobile endocytic network connects clathrin-independent receptor endocytosis to recycling and promotes T cell activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1597. [PMID: 29686427 PMCID: PMC5913236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis of surface receptors and their polarized recycling back to the plasma membrane are central to many cellular processes, such as cell migration, cytokinesis, basolateral polarity of epithelial cells and T cell activation. Little is known about the mechanisms that control the organization of recycling endosomes and how they connect to receptor endocytosis. Here, we follow the endocytic journey of the T cell receptor (TCR), from internalization at the plasma membrane to recycling back to the immunological synapse. We show that TCR triggering leads to its rapid uptake through a clathrin-independent pathway. Immediately after internalization, TCR is incorporated into a mobile and long-lived endocytic network demarked by the membrane-organizing proteins flotillins. Although flotillins are not required for TCR internalization, they are necessary for its recycling to the immunological synapse. We further show that flotillins are essential for T cell activation, supporting TCR nanoscale organization and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewoud B Compeer
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Felix Kraus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, 23 Innovation Walk, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Manuela Ecker
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory Redpath
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mayan Amiezer
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Nils Rother
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qiji Deng
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Carnell
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Haig Vartoukian
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South Wales, High St Gate 9, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, 8280, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
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41
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Abstract
T cell receptors (TCRs) are protein complexes formed by six different polypeptides. In most T cells, TCRs are composed of αβ subunits displaying immunoglobulin-like variable domains that recognize peptide antigens associated with major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. TCRαβ subunits are associated with the CD3 complex formed by the γ, δ, ε, and ζ subunits, which are invariable and ensure signal transduction. Here, we review how the expression and function of TCR complexes are orchestrated by several fine-tuned cellular processes that encompass (a) synthesis of the subunits and their correct assembly and expression at the plasma membrane as a single functional complex, (b) TCR membrane localization and dynamics at the plasma membrane and in endosomal compartments, (c) TCR signal transduction leading to T cell activation, and (d) TCR degradation. These processes balance each other to ensure efficient T cell responses to a variety of antigenic stimuli while preventing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Alcover
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; ,
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain;
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, INSERM U1221, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; ,
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42
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Kulkarni R, Prasad A. Exosomes Derived from HIV-1 Infected DCs Mediate Viral trans-Infection via Fibronectin and Galectin-3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14787. [PMID: 29093555 PMCID: PMC5665889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14817-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane enclosed nano-sized vesicles actively released into the extracellular milieu that can harbor genomic, proteomic and lipid cargos. Functionally, they are shown to regulate cell-cell communication and transmission of pathogens. Though studies have implicated a role for exosomes in HIV-1 pathogenesis, their mechanisms are not well defined. Here, we characterized exosomes derived from uninfected or HIV-1 infected T-cells and DCs. We demonstrate substantial differences in morphological, molecular and biogenesis machinery between exosomes derived from these two immune cell types. In addition, exosomes derived from HIV-1 infected DCs were 4 fold more infective than either cell free HIV-1 or exosomes derived from T-cells. Molecular analysis of exosomes detected the presence of fibronectin and galectin-3 in those derived from DCs, whereas T-cell exosomes lacked these molecules. Addition of anti-fibronectin antibody and β-lactose, a galectin-3 antagonist, significantly blocked DC exosome-mediated HIV-1 infection of T-cells. We also observed increased gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and RANTES and activation of p38/Stat pathways in T-cells exposed to exosomes derived from HIV-1 infected DCs. Our study provides insight into the role of exosomes in HIV pathogenesis and suggests they can be a target in development of novel therapeutic strategies against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Kulkarni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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43
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Villarroya-Beltri C, Guerra S, Sánchez-Madrid F. ISGylation - a key to lock the cell gates for preventing the spread of threats. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2961-2969. [PMID: 28842471 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like protein whose expression and conjugation to targets (ISGylation) is induced by infection, interferon (IFN)-α and -β, ischemia, DNA damage and aging. Attention has historically focused on the antiviral effects of ISGylation, which blocks the entry, replication or release of different intracellular pathogens. However, recently, new functions of ISGylation have emerged that implicate it in multiple cellular processes, such as DNA repair, autophagy, protein translation and exosome secretion. In this Review, we discuss the induction and conjugation of ISG15, as well as the functions of ISGylation in the prevention of infections and in cancer progression. We also offer a novel perspective with regard to the latest findings on this pathway, with special attention to the role of ISGylation in the inhibition of exosome secretion, which is mediated by fusion of multivesicular bodies with lysosomes. Finally, we propose that under conditions of stress or infection, ISGylation acts as a defense mechanism to inhibit normal protein translation by modifying protein kinase R (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2), while any newly synthesized proteins are being tagged and thus marked as potentially dangerous. Then, the endosomal system is re-directed towards protein degradation at the lysosome, to effectively 'lock' the cell gates and thus prevent the spread of pathogens, prions and deleterious aggregates through exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villarroya-Beltri
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerra
- Preventive Medicine Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain .,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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44
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Dieckmann NMG, Frazer GL, Asano Y, Stinchcombe JC, Griffiths GM. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune synapse at a glance. J Cell Sci 2017; 129:2881-6. [PMID: 27505426 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse provides an important structure for communication with immune cells. Studies on immune synapses formed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) highlight the dynamic changes and specialised mechanisms required to facilitate focal signalling and polarised secretion in immune cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we illustrate the different steps that reveal the specialised mechanisms used to focus secretion at the CTL immune synapse and allow CTLs to be such efficient and precise serial killers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele M G Dieckmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jane C Stinchcombe
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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45
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Bouchet J, Del Río-Iñiguez I, Vázquez-Chávez E, Lasserre R, Agüera-González S, Cuche C, McCaffrey MW, Di Bartolo V, Alcover A. Rab11-FIP3 Regulation of Lck Endosomal Traffic Controls TCR Signal Transduction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2967-2978. [PMID: 28235866 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of endosomes in receptor signal transduction is a long-standing question, which remains largely unanswered. The T cell Ag receptor and various components of its proximal signaling machinery are associated with distinct endosomal compartments, but how endosomal traffic affects T cell signaling remains ill-defined. In this article, we demonstrate in human T cells that the subcellular localization and function of the protein tyrosine kinase Lck depends on the Rab11 effector FIP3 (Rab11 family interacting protein-3). FIP3 overexpression or silencing and its ability to interact with Rab11 modify Lck subcellular localization and its delivery to the immunological synapse. Importantly, FIP3-dependent Lck localization controls early TCR signaling events, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of TCRζ, ZAP70, and LAT and intracellular calcium concentration, as well as IL-2 gene expression. Interestingly, FIP3 controls both steady-state and poststimulation phosphotyrosine and calcium levels. Finally, our findings indicate that FIP3 modulates TCR-CD3 cell surface expression via the regulation of steady-state Lck-mediated TCRζ phosphorylation, which in turn controls TCRζ protein levels. This may influence long-term T cell activation in response to TCR-CD3 stimulation. Therefore, our data underscore the importance of finely regulated endosomal traffic in TCR signal transduction and T cell activation leading to IL-2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bouchet
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; .,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1221, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and
| | - Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1221, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and
| | - Elena Vázquez-Chávez
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1221, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and
| | - Rémi Lasserre
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Sonia Agüera-González
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Céline Cuche
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1221, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and
| | - Mary W McCaffrey
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Di Bartolo
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1221, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; .,CNRS URA1961, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.,INSERM U1221, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; and
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46
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Bustos-Morán E, Blas-Rus N, Martin-Cófreces NB, Sánchez-Madrid F. Microtubule-associated protein-4 controls nanovesicle dynamics and T cell activation. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1217-1223. [PMID: 28209780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune synapse (IS) is a specialized structure formed at the contact area between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that is essential for the adaptive immune response. Proper T cell activation requires its polarization towards the APC, which is highly dependent on the tubulin cytoskeleton. Microtubule-associated protein-4 (MAP4) is a microtubule (MT)-stabilizing protein that controls MTs in physiological processes, such as cell division, migration, vesicular transport or primary cilia formation. In this study, we assessed the role of MAP4 in T cell activation. MAP4 decorates the pericentrosomal area and MTs of the T cell, and it is involved in MT detyrosination and stable assembly in response to T cell activation. In addition, MAP4 prompts the timely translocation of the MT-organizing center (MTOC) towards the IS and the dynamics of signaling nanovesicles that sustains T cell activation. However, MAP4 acts as a negative regulator of other T cell activation-related signals, including diacylglycerol (DAG) production and IL2 secretion. Our data indicate that MAP4 acts as a checkpoint molecule that balances positive and negative hallmarks of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Bustos-Morán
- Laboratory of Intercellular communication, Fundación CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Noelia Blas-Rus
- Laboratory of Intercellular communication, Fundación CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martin-Cófreces
- Laboratory of Intercellular communication, Fundación CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid 28006, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, ISCIII, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Laboratory of Intercellular communication, Fundación CNIC, Madrid 28029, Spain .,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS-IP, Madrid 28006, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, ISCIII, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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47
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Galgano D, Onnis A, Pappalardo E, Galvagni F, Acuto O, Baldari CT. The T cell IFT20 interactome reveals new players in immune synapse assembly. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1110-1121. [PMID: 28154159 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained signalling at the immune synapse (IS) requires the synaptic delivery of recycling endosome-associated T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). IFT20, a component of the intraflagellar transport system, controls TCR recycling to the IS as a complex with IFT57 and IFT88. Here, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to identify additional interaction partners of IFT20 in Jurkat T cells. In addition to IFT57 and IFT88, the analysis revealed new binding partners, including IFT54 (also known as TRAF3IP1), GMAP-210 (also known as TRIP11), Arp2/3 complex subunit-3 (ARPC3), COP9 signalosome subunit-1 (CSN1, also known as GPS1) and ERGIC-53 (also known as LMAN1). A direct interaction between IFT20 and both IFT54 and GMAP-210 was confirmed in pulldown assays. Confocal imaging of antigen-specific conjugates using T cells depleted of these proteins by RNA interference showed that TCR accumulation and phosphotyrosine signalling at the IS were impaired in the absence of IFT54, ARPC3 or ERGIC-53. Similar to in IFT20-deficient T cells, this defect resulted from a reduced ability of endosomal TCRs to polarize to the IS despite a correct translocation of the centrosome towards the antigen-presenting cell contact. Our data underscore the traffic-related role of an IFT20 complex that includes components of the intracellular trafficking machinery in IS assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Galgano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Elisa Pappalardo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
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48
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Abstract
Immunological synapse formation is the result of a profound T cell polarization process that involves the coordinated action of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, as well as intracellular vesicle traffic. Endosomal vesicle traffic ensures the targeting of the T cell receptor (TCR) and various signaling molecules to the synapse, being necessary for the generation of signaling complexes downstream of the TCR. Here we describe the microscopy imaging methods that we currently use to unveil how TCR and signaling molecules are associated with endosomal compartments and deliver their cargo to the immunological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Bouchet
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U-1221, Paris, France
| | - Iratxe Del Río-Iñiguez
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France
- INSERM U-1221, Paris, France
| | - Andrés Alcover
- Department of Immunology, Lymphocyte Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, 75015, France.
- INSERM U-1221, Paris, France.
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49
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Abstract
T cells are the main cellular targets of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 infection induces pleiotropic effects on the infected T cell that modify the T cell capacity to respond to antigen and facilitates virus replication. HIV-1 infection subverts the formation and function of the immunological synapse altering both actin cytoskeleton remodeling and intracellular vesicle traffic. We describe here our methods to unveil how HIV-1 and in particular its protein Nef modify vesicle traffic to the immunological synapse, perturbing the synapse activation capacity.
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50
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Silva JG, Martins NP, Henriques R, Soares H. HIV-1 Nef Impairs the Formation of Calcium Membrane Territories Controlling the Signaling Nanoarchitecture at the Immunological Synapse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4042-4052. [PMID: 27798165 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of HIV-1 to replicate and to establish long-term reservoirs is strongly influenced by T cell activation. Through the use of membrane-tethered, genetically encoded calcium (Ca2+) indicators, we were able to detect for the first time, to our knowledge, the formation of Ca2+ territories and determine their role in coordinating the functional signaling nanostructure of the synaptic membrane. Consequently, we report a previously unknown immune subversion mechanism involving HIV-1 exploitation, through its Nef accessory protein, of the interconnectivity among three evolutionarily conserved cellular processes: vesicle traffic, signaling compartmentalization, and the second messenger Ca2+ We found that HIV-1 Nef specifically associates with the traffic regulators MAL and Rab11b compelling the vesicular accumulation of Lck. Through its association with MAL and Rab11b, Nef co-opts Lck switchlike function driving the formation Ca2+ membrane territories, which, in turn, control the fusion of LAT-transporting Rab27 and Rab37 vesicles and the formation of LAT nanoclusters at the immunological synapse. Consequently, HIV-1 Nef disengages TCR triggering from the generation of p-LAT and p-SLP nanoclusters driving TCR signal amplification and diversification. Altogether our results indicate that HIV-1 exploits the interconnectivity among vesicle traffic, Ca2+ membrane territories, and signaling nanoclusters to modulate T cell signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana G Silva
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno P Martins
- Unit of Imaging and Cytometry, Gulbenkian Institute for Science, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Henriques
- Quantitative Imaging and Nanobiophysics Group, Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Soares
- Immunobiology and Pathogenesis Group, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal;
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