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Zhang R, Yuan J, Liu S, Torraca V, Liao Z, Wu Y, Tan H, Yao X, Hou X, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Zhou C, Tang J. ILKAP Promotes the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inhibiting β-Catenin Degradation and Enhancing the WNT Signaling Pathway. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300117. [PMID: 38379270 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCC-related deaths have remarkably increased over the recent decades. It has been reported that β-catenin activation can be frequently observed in HCC cases. This study identified the integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP) as a novel β-catenin-interacting protein. ILKAP is localized both in the nucleus and cytoplasm and regulates the WNT pathway in different ways. First, it is demonstrated that ILKAP activates the WNT pathway in HCC cells by increasing the protein level of β-catenin and other proteins associated with the WNT signaling, such as c-Myc and CyclinD1. Next, it is shown that ILKAP promotes the metastasis of HCC both in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish xenograft model. It is also found that ILKAP dephosphorylates the GSK3β and CK1, contributing to the reduced ubiquitination of β-catenin. Furthermore, it is identified that ILKAP functions by mediating binding between TCF4 and β-catenin to enhance expression of WNT target genes. Taken together, the study demonstrates a critical function of ILKAP in metastasis of HCC, since ILKAP is crucial for the activation of the WNT pathway via stabilization of β-catenin and increased binding between TCF4 and β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Jinglei Yuan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Shicheng Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Vincenzo Torraca
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Zhiquan Liao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Yueyan Wu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hongfei Tan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xia Yao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Xueyang Hou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
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Heydarnia E, Dorostgou Z, Hedayati N, Mousavi V, Yahyazadeh S, Alimohammadi M, Gheibi M, Heidari P, Igder S, Mafi A, Vakili O. Circular RNAs and cervical cancer: friends or foes? A landscape on circRNA-mediated regulation of key signaling pathways involved in the onset and progression of HPV-related cervical neoplasms. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:107. [PMID: 38341592 PMCID: PMC10859032 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for a significant proportion of women death worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the major etiological causes leading to CC onset; however, genetic, and epigenetic factors are also responsible for disease expansion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are known as a particular subset of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) superfamily, with covalently closed loop structures, have been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse diseases, especially neoplasms. In this framework, abnormally expressed circRNAs are in strong correlation with CC pathogenesis through regulating substantial signaling pathways. Also, these RNA molecules can be considered as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment, respectively. Herein, we first review key molecular mechanisms, including Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, as well as angiogenesis and metastasis, by which circRNAs interfere with CC development. Then, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potentials of these ncRNA molecules will be highlighted in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Heydarnia
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sheida Yahyazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mobina Gheibi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Parasta Heidari
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Igder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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3
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Zeng R, Wang L, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yang J, Qin Y. Exploring the immunological role and prognostic potential of PPM1M in pan-cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32758. [PMID: 36961170 PMCID: PMC10036021 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPM1M is a member of the metal-dependent protein phosphatase family, and its role in the immunization process has not been studied in depth. In this study, we investigated the role of PPM1M in pan-cancer. METHODS Samples of cancer and normal tissues were obtained from the cancer genome atlas and genotype-tissue expression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression were used to analyze the effect of PPM1M on prognosis. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the R package "clusterProfiler" to explore the role of PPM1M. The Sanger Box database was used to analyze the relationship between PPM1M and tumor immune checkpoint, tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2 database and CIBERSORT method were used to analyze the relationship between PPM1M and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Finally, the cBioPortal database was used to analyze the genomic variation in PPM1M. RESULTS Among the variety of tumors, the expression of PPM1M was higher in normal tissues than in cancerous tissues. The expression of PPM1M is closely associated with patient prognosis, tumor immune checkpoint, tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability. PPM1M is closely associated with the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. In addition, PPM1M is involved in the regulation of several immune-related pathways. CONCLUSION In pan-cancer, PPM1M affects patient prognosis and may be a potential immunological biomarker. Furthermore, PPM1M may be a potential therapeutic target in tumor immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongruo Zeng
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxu Zhang
- Department of International Medicine Services, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Health Management, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Research Center of Health Management, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Chen X, Wen F, Li Z, Li W, Zhou M, Sun X, Zhao P, Zou C, Liu T. Identification of MAEL as a promoter for the drug resistance model of iPSCs derived from T-ALL. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3479-3490. [PMID: 35488386 PMCID: PMC9487874 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of the drug‐resistant and highly recurrent refractory T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL). Primary tumor cell‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become very useful tumor models for cancer research including drug sensitivity tests. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying drug resistance in T‐ALL using the T‐ALL‐derived iPSCs (T‐iPSCs) model. T‐ALL cells were transformed using iPSC reprogramming factors (Sox‐2, Klf4, Oct4, and Myc) via nonintegrating Sendai virus. T‐iPSCs with the Notch1 mutation were then identified through genomic sequencing. Furthermore, T‐iPSCs resistant to 80 μM LY411575, a γ‐secretase and Notch signal inhibitor, were also established. We found a significant difference in the expression of drug resistance‐related genes between the drug‐resistant T‐iPSCs and drug‐sensitive groups. Among the 27 genes, six most differently expressed genes (DEGs) based on Log2FC >5 were identified. Knockdown analyses using RNA interference (RNAi) revealed that MAEL is the most important gene associated with drug resistance in T‐ALL cells. Also, MAEL knockdown downregulated expression of MRP and LRP in drug‐resistant T‐iPSCs. Interestingly, this phenomenon partially restored the sensitivity of the cells to LY411575. Furthermore, overexpression of the MAEL gene enhanced drug resistance against LY411575. Conclusively, MAEL promotes LY411575 resistance in T‐ALL cells increasing the expression of MRP and LRP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Chen
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Medical Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chang Zou
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Tani I, Ito S, Shirahata Y, Matsuyama Y, Omichinski JG, Shimohigashi Y, Kamada R, Sakaguchi K. Role of active site arginine residues in substrate recognition by PPM1A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 581:1-5. [PMID: 34637963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism for regulating numerous cellular events. The metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM) are a family of Ser/Thr phosphatases, which uniquely recognize their substrate as a monomeric enzyme. In the case of PPM1A, it has the capacity to dephosphorylate a variety of substrates containing different sequences, but it is not yet fully understood how it recognizes its substrates. Here we analyzed the role of Arg33 and Arg186, two residues near the active site, on the dephosphorylation activity of PPM1A. The results showed that both Arg residues were critical for enzymatic activity and docking-model analysis revealed that Arg186 is positioned to interact with the substrate phosphate group. In addition, our results suggest that which Arg residue plays a more significant role in the catalysis depends directly on the substrate.
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6
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Gao C, Cao N, Wang Y. Metal dependent protein phosphatase PPM family in cardiac health and diseases. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110061. [PMID: 34091011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is central to signal transduction in nearly every aspect of cellular function, including cardiovascular regulation and diseases. While protein kinases are often regarded as the molecular drivers in cellular signaling with high specificity and tight regulation, dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases is also gaining increasing appreciation as an important part of the signal transduction network essential for the robustness, specificity and homeostasis of cell signaling. Metal dependent protein phosphatases (PPM, also known as protein phosphatases type 2C, PP2C) belong to a highly conserved family of protein phosphatases with unique biochemical and molecular features. Accumulating evidence also indicates important and specific functions of individual PPM isoform in signaling and cellular processes, including proliferation, senescence, apoptosis and metabolism. At the physiological level, abnormal PPM expression and activity have been implicated in major human diseases, including cancer, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Finally, inhibitors for some of the PPM members have been developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for human diseases. In this review, we will focus on the background information about the biochemical and molecular features of major PPM family members, with emphasis on their demonstrated or potential roles in cardiac pathophysiology. The current challenge and potential directions for future investigations will also be highlighted.
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical sensors for the detection of potentially harmful microbes. They are instrumental in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogenic organisms. However, exaggerated activation of TLR receptor signaling can also be responsible for the onset of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. While positive regulators of TLR signaling, such as protein serine/threonine kinases, have been studied intensively, only little is known about phosphatases, which counterbalance and limit TLR signaling. In this review, we summarize protein phosphorylation events and their roles in the TLR pathway and highlight the involvement of protein phosphatases as negative regulators at specific steps along the TLR-initiated signaling cascade. Then, we focus on individual phosphatase families, specify the function of individual enzymes in TLR signaling in more detail and give perspectives for future research. A better understanding of phosphatase-mediated regulation of TLR signaling could provide novel access points to mitigate excessive immune activation and to modulate innate immune signaling.![]() Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis H T Seumen
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja M Grimm
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Postablage 621, 78457, Konstanz, Germany. .,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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8
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Song PX, Yao SH, Yao Y, Zhou J, Li QF, Cao YH, He SY. Epitope Analysis and Efficacy Evaluation of Phosphatase 2C (PP2C) DNA Vaccine Against Toxoplasma gondii Infection. J Parasitol 2021; 106:513-521. [PMID: 32791522 DOI: 10.1645/18-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infects almost all warm-blooded animals and negatively affects the health of a wide range of these animals, including humans. Protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) is a T. gondii protein secreted by rhoptry organelles during host cell invasion. However, very little is known about whether this protein can induce protective immunity against T. gondii. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of PP2C revealed some useful information in the context of anti-toxoplasmosis treatments and vaccine research. In addition, the PP2C gene was amplified, and a eukaryotic expression vector (pEGFP-PP2C) was successfully constructed to express PP2C. Finally, the constructed pEGFP-PP2C was injected into mice to evaluate whether it could induce immunoprotection. Compared with the control groups, we found that immunizations with the pEGFP-PP2C plasmid could elicit specific IgG antibodies and cytokines against T. gondii infection. The survival of mice immunized with the pEGFP-PP2C plasmid was significantly prolonged compared with that of the control group mice. Based on the ability of pEGFP-PP2C to induce specific immune responses against T. gondii, we propose that PP2C merits consideration as a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P X Song
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Parasitology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Yao
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Medical Test, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, Shandong 276000, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Q F Li
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Cao
- Department of Medicine, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, People's Republic of China
| | - S Y He
- Department of Parasitology, Shandong University School of Basic Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
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Flannery PC, Abbott KL, Pondugula SR. Correlation of PPM1A Downregulation with CYP3A4 Repression in the Tumor Liver Tissue of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 45:297-304. [PMID: 31792727 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-019-00595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression has been reported to be significantly reduced in the tumor liver tissue. Moreover, this CYP3A4 repression is associated with decreased CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism in the tumor liver tissue. However, the underlying mechanisms of CYP3A4 repression are not fully understood. We have previously shown that Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) positively regulates human pregnane X receptor (hPXR)-mediated CYP3A4 expression in a PPM1A expression-dependent manner. We sought to determine whether PPM1A expression is downregulated and whether PPM1A downregulation is correlated with CYP3A4 repression in the tumor liver tissue of HCC patients. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to study mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Cell-based reporter gene assays were conducted to examine the hPXR transactivation of CYP3A4 promoter activity. RESULTS Arginase-1 and glypican-3 gene expression studies confirmed that the tumor samples used in our study originate from HCC livers but not non-hepatocellular tumors. mRNA and protein expression of PPM1A and CYP3A4 was found to be significantly repressed in the tumor liver tissues compared to the matched non-tumor liver tissues. In the reporter gene assays, elevated PPM1A levels counteracted the inhibition of hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity by signaling pathways that are upregulated in HCC, suggesting that decreased PPM1A levels in HCC could not fully counteract the hPXR-inhibiting signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results are consistent with the conclusion that PPM1A downregulation in the tumor liver tissue of HCC patients correlates with CYP3A4 repression. Downregulation of PPM1A levels in the tumor liver tissue may contribute to reduced hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression, and provide a novel mechanism of CYP3A4 repression in the tumor liver tissue of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Flannery
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 109 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA. .,Auburn University Research Initiative in Cancer, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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10
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Lu ZW, Wen D, Wei WJ, Han LT, Xiang J, Wang YL, Wang Y, Liao T, Ji QH. Silencing of PPM1D inhibits cell proliferation and invasion through the p38 MAPK and p53 signaling pathway in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:783-794. [PMID: 31922231 PMCID: PMC7040886 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endeavors towards identifying key molecular markers for early diagnosis and treatment are driving the clinical study of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Recent studies have indicated that protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent, 1D (PPM1D) exerts an oncogenic function by increasing cell proliferation, migration and invasion in various cancer types. In addition, PPM1D has a high frequency of genetic alterations and has been proposed as a tumor driver in thyroid cancer, making PPM1D an attractive potential oncotarget for cancer treatment. The aims of the present study were to investigate the downstream targets of PPM1D and the potential molecular mechanisms of its oncogenic activities, as well as its clinical significance in PTC. As anticipated, PPM1D overexpression was confirmed in PTC clinical specimens. Furthermore, knockdown of PPM1D in thyroid cancer cell lines significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion but facilitated cell apoptosis. The protein levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p53 and Bax were increased in PPM1D-knockdown cells, while inhibition of p38 phosphorylation restored cell migration, proliferation and cell apoptosis. In addition, silencing of PPM1D expression induced nuclear translocation of p53 in K-1 and TPC-1 cells. The present results demonstrated that PPM1D regulated p38 MAPK and p53 signaling pathways to promote thyroid cancer progression. Collectively with the clinical results, these data qualified PPM1D as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in human thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Duo Wen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Li-Tao Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tian Liao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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11
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Zhu H, Sun B, Shen Q. TNF-α induces apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells via activating the TRIM14/NF-κB signalling pathway. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2019; 47:3004-3012. [PMID: 31322007 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1643733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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González-Mariscal I, Martin-Montalvo A, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Pomares-Viciana T, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Fernández-Ayala DJ, Navas P, Santos-Ocana C. The mitochondrial phosphatase PPTC7 orchestrates mitochondrial metabolism regulating coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2018; 1859:1235-1248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.09.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Jakkula P, Qureshi R, Iqbal A, Sagurthi SR, Qureshi IA. Leishmania donovani PP2C: Kinetics, structural attributes and in vitro immune response. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 223:37-49. [PMID: 29964060 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the signaling pathways are regulated by reversible phosphorylation-dephosphorylation which involves enzymes- kinases and phosphatases. Current knowledge about the protein phosphatases in parasites like Trypanosoma and Leishmania is very minimal despite their enormousity. In present study, full length ORF of Leishmania donovani PP2C was cloned into expression vector followed by purification and molecular weight determination using Ni-NTA affinity and gel giltration chromatography respectively. Purified LdPP2C was found to be enzymatically active, while inhibition study suggested that sanguinarine acts as a non-competitive inhibitor. CD and fluorescence spectroscopy results indicated towards an adequate protein conformation from pH 3.5 to 8.5. The quenching constant (Ksv) and free energy (ΔG) of LdPP2C was found to be 11.1 ± 0.2 mM-1 and 2.0 ± 1.1 kcal mol-1 in presence of acrylamide and urea respectively. The protein was found to elicit the innate immune functions through upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) as well as nitric oxide generation. Simultaneously, these cytokines were found to be fairly higher in protein treated cells as compared to untreated cells at transcript level too. These observations advocate that LdPP2C generates a pro-inflammatory environment in macrophages and hence plays important role in immunomodulation. Computational modelling showed similar three-dimensional structure and metal binding sites present in other member of PP2C subfamily, while docking studies revealed its interaction with substrate as well as its specific inhibitor. Our study has provided first time reports on enzyme kinetics, structural features and immune response inside the host macrophage of metal-dependent protein phosphatases from a trypanosomatid parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Jakkula
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rahila Qureshi
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Atif Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - S R Sagurthi
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Insaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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14
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Debnath S, Kosek D, Tagad HD, Durell SR, Appella DH, Acevedo R, Grishaev A, Dyda F, Appella E, Mazur SJ. A trapped human PPM1A-phosphopeptide complex reveals structural features critical for regulation of PPM protein phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7993-8008. [PMID: 29602904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM) are evolutionarily unrelated to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases and are characterized by their requirement for supplementation with millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions for activity in vitro The crystal structure of human PPM1A (also known as PP2Cα), the first PPM structure determined, displays two tightly bound Mn2+ ions in the active site and a small subdomain, termed the Flap, located adjacent to the active site. Some recent crystal structures of bacterial or plant PPM phosphatases have disclosed two tightly bound metal ions and an additional third metal ion in the active site. Here, the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human PPM1A, PPM1Acat, complexed with a cyclic phosphopeptide, c(MpSIpYVA), a cyclized variant of the activation loop of p38 MAPK (a physiological substrate of PPM1A), revealed three metal ions in the active site. The PPM1Acat D146E-c(MpSIpYVA) complex confirmed the presence of the anticipated third metal ion in the active site of metazoan PPM phosphatases. Biophysical and computational methods suggested that complex formation results in a slightly more compact solution conformation through reduced conformational flexibility of the Flap subdomain. We also observed that the position of the substrate in the active site allows solvent access to the labile third metal-binding site. Enzyme kinetics of PPM1Acat toward a phosphopeptide substrate supported a random-order, bi-substrate mechanism, with substantial interaction between the bound substrate and the labile metal ion. This work illuminates the structural and thermodynamic basis of an innate mechanism regulating the activity of PPM phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Dalibor Kosek
- Laboratories of Molecular Biology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Harichandra D Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Roderico Acevedo
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Alexander Grishaev
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Fred Dyda
- Laboratories of Molecular Biology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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15
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Ishida A, Sueyoshi N, Kameshita I. Functions and dysfunctions of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (CaMKP/PPM1F) and CaMKP-N/PPM1E. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 640:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Rasmussen MK, Nielsen J, Kjellerup RB, Andersen SM, Rittig AH, Johansen C, Iversen L, Gesser B. Protein phosphatase 2Cδ/Wip1 regulates phospho-p90RSK2 activity in lesional psoriatic skin. J Inflamm Res 2017; 10:169-180. [PMID: 29290690 PMCID: PMC5735993 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives P90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) 1 and 2 are serine/threonine protein kinases believed to mediate proliferation and apoptosis via the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are activators of this pathway and are elevated in the serum of patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls. Studies on COS-7 cell cultures have shown that protein phosphatase 2Cδ (PP2Cδ) decreases the activity of RSK2 following EGF stimulation. We therefore hypothesize that PP2Cδ regulates RSK2 activity in psoriasis. Methods In paired biopsies from nonlesional (NL) and lesional (L) skins, we analyzed the level of RSK1, 2 phosphorylation and the expression of PP2Cδ isoforms, integrin-linked kinase-associated serine/threonine phosphatase (ILKAP) and wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) by Western blotting, immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody for RSK2. The induction of Wip1 by MIF or EGF was studied in cultured normal human keratinocytes. Results The protein level of RSK1, 2 phosphorylated at T573/T577 was significantly increased in L compared with NL psoriatic skin, while phosphorylation at S380/S386 was reduced in L compared with NL psoriatic skin when assayed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. ILKAP expression was significantly higher in L than in NL skin, whereas Wip1 was expressed in similar amounts but showed increased coimmunoprecipitation with RSK2 in L compared with NL psoriatic skin. In cultured normal human keratinocytes stimulated with MIF, Wip1 phosphorylation and Wip1 expression were increased after 24 hours, but not when costimulated with dimethyl fumarate (DMF). The increased coimmunoprecipitation of Wip1 with RSK2 was significantly induced by EGF or MIF activation at 24 hours and could be significantly inhibited by DMF or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. Conclusion The complex formation of Wip1 with RSK2 indicates a direct interaction reducing P-RSK2 (S386) activation in L skin and indicates that Wip1 has a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads K Rasmussen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Stine M Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne H Rittig
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Borbala Gesser
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Kusano R, Fujita K, Shinoda Y, Nagaura Y, Kiyonari H, Abe T, Watanabe T, Matsui Y, Fukaya M, Sakagami H, Sato T, Funahashi JI, Ohnishi M, Tamura S, Kobayashi T. Targeted disruption of the mouse protein phosphataseppm1lgene leads to structural abnormalities in the brain. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3606-3615. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusano
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Kousuke Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Yuko Nagaura
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; Kobe Japan
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences; Nara Women's University; Nara Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy; Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Creative interdisciplinary Research Division; The Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Funahashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Motoko Ohnishi
- Department of Biological Chemistry; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Chubu University; Kasugai Japan
| | - Shinri Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - Takayasu Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
- Center for Gene Research; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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18
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Hausmann C, Temme A, Cordes N, Eke I. ILKAP, ILK and PINCH1 control cell survival of p53-wildtype glioblastoma cells after irradiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34592-605. [PMID: 26460618 PMCID: PMC4741475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis is generally poor for patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) due to radiation and drug resistance. Prosurvival signaling originating from focal adhesion hubs essentially contributes to therapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness. As the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely elusive, we addressed whether targeting of the focal adhesion proteins particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine-rich 1 (PINCH1), integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and ILK associated phosphatase (ILKAP) modulates GBM cell radioresistance. Intriguingly, PINCH1, ILK and ILKAP depletion sensitized p53-wildtype, but not p53-mutant, GBM cells to radiotherapy. Concomitantly, these cells showed inactivated Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and reduced proliferation. For PINCH1 and ILKAP knockdown, elevated levels of radiation-induced γH2AX/53BP1-positive foci, as a marker for DNA double strand breaks, were observed. Mechanistically, we identified radiation-induced phosphorylation of DNA protein kinase (DNAPK), an important DNA repair protein, to be dependent on ILKAP. This interaction was fundamental to radiation survival of p53-wildtype GBM cells. Conclusively, our data suggest an essential role of PINCH1, ILK and ILKAP for the radioresistance of p53-wildtype GBM cells and provide evidence for DNAPK functioning as a central mediator of ILKAP signaling. Strategies for targeting focal adhesion proteins in combination with radiotherapy might be a promising approach for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hausmann
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achim Temme
- Section of Experimental Neurosurgery/Tumor Immunology, Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 01307 Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iris Eke
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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19
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Ozaki H, Katoh T, Nakagawa R, Ishihara Y, Sueyoshi N, Kameshita I, Taniguchi T, Hirano T, Yamazaki T, Ishida A. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (CaMKP/PPM1F) interacts with neurofilament L and inhibits its filament association. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:820-825. [PMID: 27369073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphatase (CaMKP/PPM1F) is a Ser/Thr phosphatase that belongs to the PPM family. Growing evidence suggests that PPM phosphatases including CaMKP act as a complex with other proteins to regulate cellular functions. In this study, using the two-dimensional far-western blotting technique with digoxigenin-labeled CaMKP as a probe, in conjunction with peptide mass fingerprinting analysis, we identified neurofilament L (NFL) as a CaMKP-binding protein in a Triton-insoluble fraction of rat brain. We confirmed binding of fluorescein-labeled CaMKP (F-CaMKP) to NFL in solution by fluorescence polarization. The analysis showed that the dissociation constant of F-CaMKP for NFL is 73 ± 17 nM (n = 3). Co-immunoprecipitation assay using a cytosolic fraction of NGF-differentiated PC12 cells showed that endogenous CaMKP and NFL form a complex in cells. Furthermore, the effect of CaMKP on self-assembly of NFL was examined. Electron microscopy revealed that CaMKP markedly prevented NFL from forming large filamentous aggregates, suggesting that CaMKP-binding to NFL inhibits its filament association. These findings may provide new insights into a novel mechanism for regulating network formation of neurofilaments during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Ozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Katoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sueyoshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Isamu Kameshita
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Takanobu Taniguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hirano
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
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Lorenzato A, Torchiaro E, Olivero M, Di Renzo MF. The integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP) is a regulatory hub of ovarian cancer cell susceptibility to platinum drugs. Eur J Cancer 2016; 60:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Sun T, Fu J, Shen T, Lin X, Liao L, Feng XH, Xu J. The Small C-terminal Domain Phosphatase 1 Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Dephosphorylating Ser(P)68-Twist1 to Accelerate Twist1 Protein Degradation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11518-28. [PMID: 26975371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that strongly promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. The MAPK-phosphorylated Twist1 on its serine 68 (Ser(P)(68)-Twist1) has a significantly enhanced stability and function to drive cancer cell invasion and metastasis. However, the phosphatase that dephosphorylates Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 and destabilizes Twist1 has not been identified and characterized. In this study, we screened a serine/threonine phosphatase cDNA expression library in HEK293T cells with ectopically coexpressed Twist1. We found that the small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) specifically dephosphorylates Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 in both cell-free reactions and living cells. SCP1 uses its amino acid residues 43-63 to interact with the N terminus of Twist1. Increased SCP1 expression in cells decreased Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 and total Twist1 proteins, whereas knockdown of SCP1 increased Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 and total Twist1 proteins. Furthermore, the levels of SCP1 are negatively correlated with Twist1 protein levels in several cancer cell lines. SCP1-dephosphorylated Twist1 undergoes fast degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Importantly, an increase in SCP1 expression in breast cancer cells with either endogenous or ectopically expressed Twist1 largely inhibits the Twist1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype and the migration and invasion capabilities of these cells. These results indicate that SCP1 is the phosphatase that counterregulates the MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of Ser(68)-Twist1. Thus, an increase in SCP1 expression and activity may be a useful strategy for eliminating the detrimental roles of Twist1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Junjiang Fu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China, and
| | - Tao Shen
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lan Liao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China, and
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22
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Singh A, Pandey A, Srivastava AK, Tran LSP, Pandey GK. Plant protein phosphatases 2C: from genomic diversity to functional multiplicity and importance in stress management. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:1023-1035. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1083941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India,
| | - Amita Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India,
| | - Ashish K. Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India,
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Chen Y, Wang S, Fu X, Zhou W, Hong W, Zou D, Li X, Liu J, Ran P, Li B. tert-Butylhydroquinone mobilizes intracellular-bound zinc to stabilize Nrf2 through inhibiting phosphatase activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C148-58. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00031.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is required to combat increases in oxidative stress. The chemical compound tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) can downregulate Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), a repressor of Nrf2, thus maintaining the stability of Nrf2. tBHQ can also increase intracellular “free” zinc in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. We aim to investigate whether the intracellular free zinc change plays a role in Nrf2 activation. tBHQ exposure dose-dependently increases intracellular free zinc concentrations within 30 min in 16HBE cells by mobilizing intracellular zinc pools. Active Nrf2 and the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increase at 3 h after tBHQ treatment. Chelating intracellular free zinc with tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) during tBHQ exposure partially abrogates the tBHQ-induced activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, while Keap1 is further decreased. These results indicate that tBHQ-induced stability of Nrf2 is associated with the intracellular free zinc level. Because the activated Nrf2 is phosphorylated, the serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity, which is known to be inhibited by zinc, is assayed. The results showed that tBHQ treatment can suppress cellular protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase-2C (PP2C) activity, which can be abrogated by adding TPEN. This finding is verified in a cell-free protein extract experiment by supplying zinc or by chelating zinc with TPEN. These results provide a novel mechanistic insight into Nrf2 activation in antioxidant enzyme induction involving zinc signaling. The increase of intracellular free zinc may be one mechanism for Nrf2 activation. The inhibition of PP2A and PP2C activity may be involved in Nrf2 phosphorylation modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Chen
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqu Zhou
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongting Zou
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichong Li
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Pixin Ran
- National key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Experiment Medical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Shao G, Zheng Q, Xu X, Zhao J, Liu P. Endometrial ILKAP expression among patients with endometriosis and its association with clinical characteristics. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2015; 130:23-6. [PMID: 25872452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate expression of ILKAP among women with endometriosis and its association with clinical characteristics. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a center in China in 2012, using samples of ectopic (n=55) and eutopic (n=33) endometrium from women with endometriosis, and control endometrium samples (n=33) from women without endometriosis. Information on clinical characteristics was obtained from records. The expression of ILKAP was tested by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The expression of ILKAP was higher in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle than in the proliferative phase, and it was lower in eutopic and ectopic endometriosis tissue than in control endometrium (P<0.001 for both). A lower expression of ILKAP in ectopic endometrium was associated with moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea, infertility for more than 1year, a cancer antigen 125 level of more than 35 U/mL, a disease duration of at least 1year, and American Fertility Society grade IV disease (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSION A low level of ILKAP could facilitate the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Additionally, the level of ILKAP expression in ectopic endometrium might reflect the severity of endometriosis.
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25
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Pondugula SR, Flannery PC, Apte U, Babu JR, Geetha T, Rege SD, Chen T, Abbott KL. Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent phosphatase 1A is involved in regulating pregnane X receptor-mediated cytochrome p450 3A4 gene expression. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:385-91. [PMID: 25561723 PMCID: PMC11024896 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.062083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in the expression of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR)-mediated cytochrome p450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in liver can alter therapeutic response to a variety of drugs and may lead to potential adverse drug interactions. We sought to determine whether Mg(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) regulates hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression. PPM1A was found to be coimmunoprecipitated with hPXR. Genetic or pharmacologic activation of PPM1A led to a significant increase in hPXR transactivation of CYP3A4 promoter activity. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous PPM1A not only attenuated hPXR transactivation, but also increased proliferation of HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells, suggesting that PPM1A expression levels regulate hPXR, and that PPM1A expression is regulated in a proliferation-dependent manner. Indeed, PPM1A expression and hPXR transactivation were found to be significantly reduced in subconfluent HepG2 cells compared with confluent HepG2 cells, suggesting that both PPM1A expression and hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression may be downregulated in proliferating livers. Elevated PPM1A levels led to attenuation of hPXR inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclin-dependent kinase-2, which are known to be upregulated and essential during liver regeneration. In mouse regenerating livers, similar to subconfluent HepG2 cells, expression of both PPM1A and the mouse PXR target gene cyp3a11 was found to be downregulated. Our results show that PPM1A can positively regulate PXR activity by counteracting PXR inhibitory signaling pathways that play a major role in liver regeneration. These results implicate a novel role for PPM1A in regulating hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression in hepatocytes and may explain a mechanism for CYP3A repression in regenerating livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Patrick C Flannery
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shraddha D Rege
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
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Cho YC, Park JE, Park BC, Kim JH, Jeong DG, Park SG, Cho S. Cell cycle-dependent Cdc25C phosphatase determines cell survival by regulating apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1605-17. [PMID: 25633196 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc25C (cell division cycle 25C) phosphatase triggers entry into mitosis in the cell cycle by dephosphorylating cyclin B-Cdk1. Cdc25C exhibits basal phosphatase activity during interphase and then becomes activated at the G2/M transition after hyperphosphorylation on multiple sites and dissociation from 14-3-3. Although the role of Cdc25C in mitosis has been extensively studied, its function in interphase remains elusive. Here, we show that during interphase Cdc25C suppresses apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a member of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase family that mediates apoptosis. Cdc25C phosphatase dephosphorylates phospho-Thr-838 in the activation loop of ASK1 in vitro and in interphase cells. In addition, knockdown of Cdc25C increases the activity of ASK1 and ASK1 downstream targets in interphase cells, and overexpression of Cdc25C inhibits ASK1-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that Cdc25C binds to and negatively regulates ASK1. Furthermore, we showed that ASK1 kinase activity correlated with Cdc25C activation during mitotic arrest and enhanced ASK1 activity in the presence of activated Cdc25C resulted from the weak association between ASK1 and Cdc25C. In cells synchronized in mitosis following nocodazole treatment, phosphorylation of Thr-838 in the activation loop of ASK1 increased. Compared with hypophosphorylated Cdc25C, which exhibited basal phosphatase activity in interphase, hyperphosphorylated Cdc25C exhibited enhanced phosphatase activity during mitotic arrest, but had significantly reduced affinity to ASK1, suggesting that enhanced ASK1 activity in mitosis was due to reduced binding of hyperphosphorylated Cdc25C to ASK1. These findings suggest that Cdc25C negatively regulates proapoptotic ASK1 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and may play a role in G2/M checkpoint-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - B C Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Targeted Gene Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - D G Jeong
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - S Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The NF-κB growth pathway is constitutively activated in many cancers but its activation mechanism is unclear in most cases. We show that PHLPP2 interacts with IKKβ kinase, decreases its phosphorylation and the subsequent NF-κB activation in cancer cells. PHLPP2 is progressively lost in glioma and colorectal cancer and acts as a bona fide tumor suppressor, depending on IKKβ expression in cells. Physiologically, IKKβ activation by growth factors requires the formation of the Bcl10-MALT1 ubiquitin-ligase complex leading to NEMO/IKKγ non-degradative ubiquitination and IKKβ phosphorylation. PHLPP2 opposes the formation of this complex through interaction with Bcl10 and competitive displacement of MALT1 from Bcl10. Conversely, PHLPP2 loss enhances Bcl10-MALT1 complex formation, NEMO ubiquitination and subsequent IKKβ phosphorylation, resulting in increased NF-κB-dependent transcription of multiple target genes. Our results reveal PHLPP2 as a new biomarker of cancer progression, and implicate it as major negative regulator of NF-κB signaling.
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28
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Sierecki E, Newton AC. Biochemical characterization of the phosphatase domain of the tumor suppressor PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3971-81. [PMID: 24892992 PMCID: PMC4072346 DOI: 10.1021/bi500428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein
phosphatase (PHLPP) directly
dephosphorylates and inactivates Akt and protein kinase C and is therefore
a prime target for pharmacological intervention of two key signaling
pathways, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and diacylglycerol signaling
pathways. Here we report on the first biochemical characterization
of the phosphatase domain of a PHLPP family member. The human PHLPP1
and PHLPP2 phosphatase domains were expressed and purified from bacteria
or insect cells and their activities compared to that of full-length
proteins immunoprecipitated from mammalian cells. Biochemical analyses
reveal that the PHLPP phosphatase domain effectively dephosphorylates
synthetic and peptidic substrates, that its activity is modulated
by metals and lipophilic compounds, and that it has relatively high
thermal stability. Mutational analysis of PHLPP2 reveals an unusual
active site architecture compared to the canonical architecture of
PP2C phosphatases and identifies key acidic residues (Asp 806, Glu
989, and Asp 1024) and bulky aromatic residues (Phe 783 and Phe 808)
whose mutation impairs activity. Consistent with a unique active site
architecture, we identify inhibitors that discriminate between PHLPP2
and PP2Cα. These data establish PHLPP as a member of the PP2C
family of phosphatases with a unique active site architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sierecki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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29
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Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Alonso S, Ribas G, Ibarrola-Villava M, Peña-Chilet M, Martínez-Cadenas C, Gardeazabal J, Ratón-Nieto JA, Sánchez-Díez A, Careaga JM, Pérez-Yarza G, Carretero G, Martín-González M, Gómez-Fernández C, Nagore E, Asumendi A, Boyano MD. Involvement of ANXA5 and ILKAP in susceptibility to malignant melanoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95522. [PMID: 24743186 PMCID: PMC3990692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) are a source of diversity among human population, which may be responsible for the different individual susceptibility to diseases and/or response to drugs, among other phenotypic traits. Several low penetrance susceptibility genes associated with malignant melanoma (MM) have been described, including genes related to pigmentation, DNA damage repair and oxidative stress pathways. In the present work, we conducted a candidate gene association study based on proteins and genes whose expression we had detected altered in melanoma cell lines as compared to normal melanocytes. The result was the selection of 88 loci and 384 SNPs, of which 314 fulfilled our quality criteria for a case-control association study. The SNP rs6854854 in ANXA5 was statistically significant after conservative Bonferroni correction when 464 melanoma patients and 400 controls were analyzed in a discovery Phase I. However, this finding could not be replicated in the validation phase, perhaps because the minor allele frequency of SNP rs6854854 varies depending on the geographical region considered. Additionally, a second SNP (rs6431588) located on ILKAP was found to be associated with melanoma after considering a combined set of 1,883 MM cases and 1,358 disease-free controls. The OR was 1.29 (95% CI 1.12–1.48; p-value = 4×10−4). Both SNPs, rs6854854 in ANXA5 and rs6431588 in ILKAP, show population structure, which, assuming that the Spanish population is not significantly structured, suggests a role of these loci on a specific genetic adaptation to different environmental conditions. Furthermore, the biological relevance of these genes in MM is supported by in vitro experiments, which show a decrease in the transcription levels of ANXA5 and ILKAP in melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Arroyo-Berdugo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gloría Ribas
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maider Ibarrola-Villava
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Peña-Chilet
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Gardeazabal
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, UPV/EHU, Service of Dermatology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ratón-Nieto
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, UPV/EHU, Service of Dermatology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Díez
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, UPV/EHU, Service of Dermatology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús María Careaga
- Department of Dermatology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, UPV/EHU, Service of Dermatology, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gorka Pérez-Yarza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gregorio Carretero
- Department of Dermatology, Doctor Negrin Hospital, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aintzane Asumendi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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30
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Martín-Montalvo A, González-Mariscal I, Pomares-Viciana T, Padilla-López S, Ballesteros M, Vazquez-Fonseca L, Gandolfo P, Brautigan DL, Navas P, Santos-Ocaña C. The phosphatase Ptc7 induces coenzyme Q biosynthesis by activating the hydroxylase Coq7 in yeast. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28126-37. [PMID: 23940037 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the components of mitochondrial metabolism has potential benefits for health span and lifespan because the maintenance of efficient mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity is associated with improved health and survival. In yeast, mitochondrial function requires the tight control of several metabolic processes such as coenzyme Q biosynthesis, assuring an appropriate energy supply and antioxidant functions. Many mitochondrial processes are regulated by phosphorylation cycles mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases. In this study, we determined that the mitochondrial phosphatase Ptc7p, a Ser/Thr phosphatase, was required to regulate coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis, which in turn activated aerobic metabolism and enhanced oxidative stress resistance. We showed that Ptc7p phosphatase specifically activated coenzyme Q6 biosynthesis through the dephosphorylation of the demethoxy-Q6 hydroxylase Coq7p. The current findings revealed that Ptc7p is a regulator of mitochondrial metabolism that is essential to maintain proper function of the mitochondria by regulating energy metabolism and oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín-Montalvo
- From the Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Lu G, Ota A, Ren S, Franklin S, Rau CD, Ping P, Lane TF, Zhou ZH, Reue K, Lusis AJ, Vondriska T, Wang Y. PPM1l encodes an inositol requiring-protein 1 (IRE1) specific phosphatase that regulates the functional outcome of the ER stress response. Mol Metab 2013; 2:405-16. [PMID: 24327956 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 1-like gene (PPM1l) was identified as causal gene for obesity and metabolic abnormalities in mice. However, the underlying mechanisms were unknown. In this report, we find PPM1l encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane targeted protein phosphatase (PP2Ce) and has specific activity to basal and ER stress induced auto-phosphorylation of Inositol-REquiring protein-1 (IRE1). PP2Ce inactivation resulted in elevated IRE1 phosphorylation and higher expression of XBP-1, CHOP, and BiP at basal. However, ER stress stimulated XBP-1 and BiP induction was blunted while CHOP induction was further enhanced in PP2Ce null cells. PP2Ce protein levels are significantly induced during adipogenesis in vitro and are necessary for normal adipocyte maturation. Finally, we provide evidence that common genetic variation of PPM11 gene is significantly associated with human lipid profile. Therefore, PPM1l mediated IRE1 regulation and downstream ER stress signaling is a plausible molecular basis for its role in metabolic regulation and disorder.
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32
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Chida T, Ando M, Matsuki T, Masu Y, Nagaura Y, Takano-Yamamoto T, Tamura S, Kobayashi T. N-Myristoylation is essential for protein phosphatases PPM1A and PPM1B to dephosphorylate their physiological substrates in cells. Biochem J 2013; 449:741-9. [PMID: 23088624 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PPM [metal-dependent protein phosphatase, formerly called PP2C (protein phosphatase 2C)] family members play essential roles in regulating a variety of signalling pathways. While searching for protein phosphatase(s) that act on AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), we found that PPM1A and PPM1B are N-myristoylated and that this modification is essential for their ability to dephosphorylate the α subunit of AMPK (AMPKα) in cells. N-Myristoylation was also required for two other functions of PPM1A and PPM1B in cells. Although a non-myristoylated mutation (G2A) of PPM1A and PPM1B prevented membrane association, this relocalization did not likely cause the decreased activity towards AMPKα. In in vitro experiments, the G2A mutants exhibited reduced activities towards AMPKα, but much higher specific activity against an artificial substrate, PNPP (p-nitrophenyl phosphate), compared with the wild-type counterparts. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that N-myristoylation of PPM1A and PPM1B plays a key role in recognition of their physiological substrates in cells.
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Zhou W, Cao H, Yang X, Cong K, Wang W, Chen T, Yin H, Wu Z, Cai X, Liu T, Xiao J. Characterization of nuclear localization signal in the N terminus of integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP) and its essential role in the down-regulation of RSK2 protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6259-71. [PMID: 23329845 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.432195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase-associated phosphatase (ILKAP) is a serine/threonine (S/T) phosphatase that belongs to the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family. Many previous studies have demonstrated that ILKAP plays key roles in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Researchers have thus far considered ILKAP a cytoplasmic protein that negatively regulates integrin signaling by interacting with and phosphorylating integrin-linked kinase 1 (ILK1). In this study, we found that both endogenous and tagged ILKAP mainly localize to the nucleus and that the nuclear transport of ILKAP is nuclear localization signal (NLS) importin-mediated. The ILKAP protein interacts directly with importin α1, α3, and α5. The NLS in ILKAP is located in the N-terminal region between amino acids 71 and 86, and the NLS-deleted ILKAP protein was distributed in the cytoplasm. In addition, we show that Lys-78 and Arg-79 are critical for the binding of ILKAP to importin α. We also found that nuclear ILKAP interacts with ribosomal protein S6 kinase-2 (RSK2) and induces apoptosis by inhibiting RSK2 activity and down-regulating the expression level of the RSK2 downstream substrate cyclin D1. These results indicate that ILKAP is a nuclear protein that regulates cell survival and apoptosis through the regulation of RSK2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhou
- Changzheng Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 415 Feng-yang Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Shinoda Y, Fujita K, Saito S, Matsui H, Kanto Y, Nagaura Y, Fukunaga K, Tamura S, Kobayashi T. Acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) recruits the protein phosphatase PPM1L to ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3024-9. [PMID: 22796112 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metal-dependent protein phosphatase family (PPM) governs a number of signaling pathways. PPM1L, originally identified as a negative regulator of stress-activated protein kinase signaling, was recently shown to be involved in the regulation of ceramide trafficking at ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. Here, we identified acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) as an interacting partner of PPM1L. We showed that this association, which recruits PPM1L to ER-Golgi membrane contact sites, is mediated by a GOLD (Golgi dynamics) domain in ACBD3. These results suggested that ACBD3 plays a pivotal role in ceramide transport regulation at the ER-Golgi interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
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35
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Abstract
Cell death is regulated by a myriad of intracellular molecular pathways, with many involving protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In this review, we will focus on Ser/Thr phosphatases-mediated regulation in cell apoptosis as well as on their potential roles in cell necrosis. The emerging functional importance of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases in cell death regulation adds new dimension to the signaling mechanisms of cellular function, physiology, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of National Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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36
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Abstract
This review traces the historical origins and conceptual developments leading to the current state of knowledge of the three superfamilies of protein Ser/Thr phosphatases. 'PR enzyme' was identified as an enzyme that inactivates glycogen phosphorylase, although it took 10 years before this ugly duckling was recognized for its true identity as a protein Ser/Thr phosphatase. Ethanol denaturation for purification in the 1970s yielded a phosphatase that exhibited broad specificity, which was resolved into type-1 and type-2 phosphatases in the 1980s. More recent developments show that regulation and specificity are achieved through assembly of multisubunit holoenzymes, transient phosphorylation and the action of inhibitor proteins. Still not widely appreciated, there are hundreds of discrete protein Ser/Thr phosphatases available to counteract protein kinases, offering potential therapeutic targets. Signalling networks and modelling schemes need to incorporate the full gamut of protein Ser/Thr phosphatases and their interconnections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Brautigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Zhang K, Xia X, Zhang Y, Gan SS. An ABA-regulated and Golgi-localized protein phosphatase controls water loss during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2012; 69:667-78. [PMID: 22007837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is known that a senescing leaf loses water faster than a non-senescing leaf and that ABA has an important role in promoting leaf senescence. However, questions such as why water loss is faster, how water loss is regulated, and how ABA functions in leaf senescence are not well understood. Here we report on the identification and functional analysis of a leaf senescence associated gene called SAG113. The RNA blot and GUS reporter analyses all show that SAG113 is expressed in senescing leaves and is induced by ABA in Arabidopsis. The SAG113 expression levels are significantly reduced in aba2 and abi4 mutants. A GFP fusion protein analysis revealed that SAG113 protein is localized in the Golgi apparatus. SAG113 encodes a protein phosphatase that belongs to the PP2C family and is able to functionally complement a yeast PP2C-deficient mutant TM126 (ptc1Δ). Leaf senescence is delayed in the SAG113 knockout mutant compared with that in the wild type, stomatal movement in the senescing leaves of SAG113 knockouts is more sensitive to ABA than that of the wild type, and the rate of water loss in senescing leaves of SAG113 knockouts is significantly reduced. In contrast, inducible over-expression of SAG113 results in a lower sensitivity of stomatal movement to ABA treatment, more rapid water loss, and precocious leaf senescence. No other aspects of growth and development, including seed germination, were observed. These findings suggest that SAG113, a negative regulator of ABA signal transduction, is specifically involved in the control of water loss during leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, 134A Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904, USA
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Agarwal S, Agarwal S, Jin H, Pancholi P, Pancholi V. Serine/threonine phosphatase (SP-STP), secreted from Streptococcus pyogenes, is a pro-apoptotic protein. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:9147-67. [PMID: 22262847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.316554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This investigation illustrates an important property of eukaryote-type serine/threonine phosphatase (SP-STP) of group A Streptococcus (GAS) in causing programmed cell death of human pharyngeal cells. The secretory nature of SP-STP, its elevated expression in the intracellular GAS, and the ability of wild-type GAS but not the GAS mutant devoid of SP-STP to cause apoptosis of the host cell both in vitro and in vivo suggest that GAS deploys SP-STP as an important virulence determinant to exploit host cell machinery for its own advantage during infection. The exogenously added SP-STP is able to enter the cytoplasm and subsequently traverses into the nucleus in a temporal fashion to cause apoptosis of the pharyngeal cells. The programmed cell death induced by SP-STP, which requires active transcription and de novo protein synthesis, is also caspase-dependent. Furthermore, the entry of SP-STP into the cytoplasm is dependent on its secondary structure as the catalytically inactive SP-STP with an altered structure is unable to internalize and cause apoptosis. The ectopically expressed wild-type SP-STP was found to be in the nucleus and conferred apoptosis of Detroit 562 pharyngeal cells. However, the catalytically inactive SP-STP was unable to cause apoptosis even when intracellularly expressed. The ability of SP-STP to activate pro-apoptotic signaling cascades both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus resulted in mitochondrial dysfunctioning and perturbation in the phosphorylation status of histones in the nucleus. SP-STP thus not only functions as a virulence regulator but also as an important factor responsible for host-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1214, USA
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Højlys-Larsen KB, Sørensen KK, Jensen KJ, Gammeltoft S. Probing protein phosphatase substrate binding: affinity pull-down of ILKAP phosphatase 2C with phosphopeptides. Mol BioSyst 2012; 8:1452-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05478g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Zhou W, Cui S, Han S, Cheng B, Zheng Y, Zhang Y. Palladin is a novel binding partner of ILKAP in eukaryotic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:768-73. [PMID: 21782789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Palladin was a novel binding partner of ILKAP in eukaryotic cells. Palladin's C-terminal fragment including only its last three Ig domains (residues 710-1106) and the PP2C domain of ILKAP (residues 108-392) were necessary and sufficient for their interaction. The biological significance of the interaction between palladin and ILKAP was that palladin recruited the cytoplasmic ILKAP to initiate ILKAP-induced apoptosis. Our results suggested that palladin played a specific role in modulating the subcellular localization of the cytoplasmic ILKAP and promoting the ILKAP-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is principally regulated by post-translational modifications and proteasome-dependent degradation. Various kinases have been shown to phosphorylate p53, but little is known about the counteracting phosphatases. We demonstrate here that the newly identified complex GAS41-PP2Cβ, and not PP2Cβ alone, is specifically required for dephosphorylation of serine 366 on p53. Ectopic expression of GAS41 and PP2Cβ reduces UV radiation-induced p53 up-regulation, thereby increasing the cell survival upon genotoxic DNA damage. To our knowledge, the GAS41-PP2Cβ complex is the first example in which substrate specificity of a PP2C family member is controlled by an associated regulatory subunit. Because GAS41 is frequently amplified in human gliomas, our finding illustrates a novel oncogenic mechanism of GAS41 by p53 dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyeon Park
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Chen Z, Yang A, Xu C, Xing Y, Gong W, Li J. c-Jun N-terminal kinase is involved in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis by integrin-linked kinase in human retinoblastoma cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011; 249:1399-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Protein phosphorylation by protein kinases can be reversed by the action of protein phosphatases. In plants, the Ser/Thr-specific phosphatases dominate among the protein phosphatase families with the type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) being the most abundant among them. PP2Cs are monomeric enzymes that require metal cations for their activity and are insensitive to known phosphatase inhibitors. PP2Cs were shown to counteract the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase/MAPK) activities in plants and to regulate developmental and stress signaling pathways. Studies of PP2C activities can be performed in vitro using recombinant proteins. The potential substrates of PP2Cs can be tested for dephosphorylation by the phosphatase in vitro. We have found that the stress-induced PP2Cs from alfalfa and Arabidopsis interact with stress-activated MAPKs in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens. Consequently, recombinant MAPKs were employed as substrates for dephosphorylation by selected PP2Cs from different family clusters. The members of the PP2C phosphatase family demonstrated specificity toward the substrate already in vitro, supporting the notion that protein phosphatases are specific enzymes. The PP2C from Arabidopsis thaliana cluster B, Arabidopsis PP2C-type phosphatase (AP2C1), and its homolog from Medicago sativa, Medicago PP2C-type phosphatase (MP2C), were able to dephosphorylate and inactivate MAPKs, whereas the ABSCISIC ACID (ABA)-INSENSITIVE 2 (ABI2) and HOMOLOGY TO ABI1 (HAB1) PP2Cs from the distinct Arabidopsis cluster A were not able to do so. The method described here can be used for the determination of PP2C protein activity and for studying the effect of mutations introduced into their catalytic domains.
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Wang L, Wang X, Chen J, Yang Z, Yu L, Hu L, Shen X. Activation of protein serine/threonine phosphatase PP2Cα efficiently prevents liver fibrosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14230. [PMID: 21151953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over-activation of TGFβ signaling pathway and uncontrolled cell proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play pivotal roles in liver fibrogenesis, while the protein serine/threonine phosphatase PP2Cα was reported to negatively regulate TGFβ signaling pathway and cell cycle. Our study aimed to investigate the role of PP2Cα in liver fibrogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings The effects of PP2Cα activation on liver fibrosis were investigated in human HSCs and primary rat HSCs in vitro using western blotting, real-time PCR, nuclear translocation, cell viability and cell cycle analyses. The antifibrogenic effects in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced mice in vivo were assessed using biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that activation of PP2Cα by overexpression or the new discovered small molecular activator NPLC0393 terminated TGFβ-Smad3 and TGFβ-p38 signaling pathways, induced cell cycle arrest in HSCs and decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, collagen deposition and hepatic hydroxyproline (HYP) level in CCl4- and BDL-induced mice. Conclusions/Significance Our findings suggested that PP2Cα activation might be an attractive new strategy for treating liver fibrosis while the small molecular activator NPLC0393 might represent a lead compound for antifibrogenic drug development. Moreover, our study might provide the first evidence for the role of PP2C family members in the fibrotic disease.
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45
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Abstract
Type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatases are a remarkable class of protein phosphatases, which are conserved in eukaryotes and involved in a large variety of functional processes. Unlike in other Ser/Thr phosphatases, the catalytic polypeptide is not usually associated with regulatory subunits, and functional specificity is achieved by encoding multiple isoforms. For fungi, most information comes from the study of type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where seven PP2C-encoding genes (PTC1 to -7) with diverse functions can be found. More recently, data on several Candida albicans PP2C proteins became available, suggesting that some of them can be involved in virulence. In this work we review the available literature on fungal PP2Cs and explore sequence databases to provide a comprehensive overview of these enzymes in fungi.
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Zuo S, Xue Y, Tang S, Yao J, Du R, Yang P, Chen X. 14-3-3 epsilon dynamically interacts with key components of mitogen-activated protein kinase signal module for selective modulation of the TNF-alpha-induced time course-dependent NF-kappaB activity. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3465-78. [PMID: 20462248 DOI: 10.1021/pr9011377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is tightly regulated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), and if left unchecked excessive NF-kappaB activation for cytokine overproduction can lead to various pathogenic consequences including carcinogenesis. A proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), can be used to explore possible mechanisms whereby unknown functional pathways modulate the NF-kappaB activity for regulating TNF-alpha-induced inflammation. Given the multifunctional nature of 14-3-3 family proteins and the recent finding of their presence in the TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway network, we used a dual-tagging quantitative proteomic method to first profile the TNF-alpha-inducible interacting partners of 14-3-3 epsilon, the least characterized 14-3-3 isomer in the family. For the first time, we found that TNF-alpha stimulation enhances the interactions between 14-3-3 epsilon and some key components in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal module which is located at the immediate upstream of NF-kappaB, including transforming growth factor-beta activated kinase-1 (TAK1) and its interacting protein, protein phosphatase 2C beta (PPM1B). By using confocal laser scanning, we observed the TNF-alpha-induced colocalizations among 14-3-3 epsilon, TAK1, and protein phosphatase 2C beta (PPM1B), and these interactions were also TNF-alpha-inducible in different cell types. Further, we found that during the full course of the cellular response to TNF-alpha, the interactions between 14-3-3 epsilon and these two proteins were dynamic and were closely correlated with the time course-dependent changes in NF-kappaB activity, suggesting that these 14-3-3 epsilon interactions are the critical points of convergence for TNF-alpha signaling for modulating NF-kappaB activity. We then postulated a mechanistic view describing how 14-3-3 epsilon coordinates its dynamic interactions with TAK1 and PPM1B for differentially modulating TNF-alpha-induced changes in NF-kappaB activity. By using bioinformatics tools, we constructed the network involving most of the 14-3-3 epsilon interacting proteins identified in our proteomic study. We revealed that 14-3-3 epsilon coordinates the cross talks between the MAPK signal module and other molecular pathways/biological processes primarily including protein metabolism and synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation where pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention could be systematically located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pondugula SR, Tong AA, Wu J, Cui J, Chen T. Protein phosphatase 2Cbetal regulates human pregnane X receptor-mediated CYP3A4 gene expression in HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1411-6. [PMID: 20538721 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.032128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates the expression of CYP3A4, which plays a vital role in hepatic drug metabolism and has considerably reduced expression levels in proliferating hepatocytes. We have recently shown that cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) negatively regulates hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 gene expression. CDK2 can be dephosphorylated and inactivated by protein phosphatase type 2C beta isoform long (PP2Cbetal), a unique phosphatase that was originally cloned from human liver. In this study, we sought to determine whether PP2Cbetal is involved in regulating hPXR's transactivation activity and whether PP2Cbetal affects CDK2 regulation of this activity in HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. In transactivation assays, transiently coexpressed PP2Cbetal significantly enhanced the hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 promoter activity and decreased the inhibitory effect of CDK2 on hPXR transactivation activity. In addition, shRNA-mediated down-regulation of endogenous PP2Cbetal promoted cell proliferation, inhibited the interaction of hPXR with steroid receptor coactivator-1, and attenuated the hPXR transcriptional activity. The levels of PP2Cbetal did not affect hPXR expression. Our results show for the first time that PP2Cbetal is essential for hPXR activity and can positively regulate this activity by counteracting the inhibitory effect of CDK2. Our results implicate a novel and important role for PP2Cbetal in regulating hPXR activity and CYP3A4 expression by inhibiting or desensitizing signaling pathways that negatively regulate the function of pregnane X receptor in liver cells and are consistent with the notion that both the activity of hPXR and the expression of CYP3A4 are regulated in a cell cycle-dependent and cell proliferation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Tárrega C, Nunes-Xavier C, Cejudo-Marín R, Martín-Pérez J, Pulido R. Studying the regulation of MAP Kinase by MAP Kinase phosphatases in vitro and in cell systems. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 661:305-21. [PMID: 20811991 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-795-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through MAPK pathways involves a network of activating kinases and inactivating phosphatases. While single MAPK kinases account for specific activation of the distinct MAPKs, inactivation of MAPKs by phosphatases involves a wider spectrum of enzymes, with phosphatases from distinct families displaying specificity toward MAPKs. The dual-specificity family of MAPK phosphatases, MKPs, constitutes the major group of MAPK inactivating phosphatases. MKPs are widely expressed, in a tissue- and development-regulated manner, and the control of their expression and function is crucial for the regulation of MAPK signaling. Here, we present three methods to analyze the regulation of MAPKs by MKPs, using transient and stable-inducible MKP overexpression cell systems and in vitro phosphatase experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Tárrega
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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49
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Yu L, Zhao J, Feng J, Fang J, Feng C, Jiang Y, Cao Y, Jiang L. Candida albicans CaPTC6 is a functional homologue for Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScPTC6 and encodes a type 2C protein phosphatase. Yeast 2009; 27:197-206. [PMID: 20033882 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C) are monomeric enzymes and their activities require the presence of magnesium or manganese ions. There are seven PP2C genes, ScPTC1, ScPTC2, ScPTC3, ScPTC4, ScPTC5, ScPTC6 and ScPTC7, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PTC6 is highly conserved in pathogenic and nonpathogenic yeasts. In the current study we have demonstrated that the Candida albicans CaPTC6 gene could complement the functions of ScPTC6 in the rapamycin and caffeine sensitivities of S. cerevisiae cells, indicating that they are functional homologues. We have also demonstrated that the CaPTC6-encoded protein is a typical PP2C enzyme and that CaPtc6p is localized in the mitochondrion of yeast-form and hyphal cells. However, deletion of CaPTC6 neither affects cell and hyphal growth nor renders Candida cells sensitive to rapamycin and caffeine. Therefore, possibly with a functional redundancy to other mitochondrial phosphatases, CaPtc6p is likely to be involved in the regulation of a mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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Zhao J, Buchwaldt L, Rimmer SR, Sharpe A, McGregor L, Bekkaoui D, Hegedus D. Patterns of differential gene expression in Brassica napus cultivars infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Mol Plant Pathol 2009; 10:635-49. [PMID: 19694954 PMCID: PMC6640428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infects a broad range of dicotyledonous plant species and causes stem rot in Brassica napus. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the defence response, the patterns of gene expression in the partially resistant B. napus cultivar ZhongYou 821 (ZY821) and the susceptible cultivar Westar were studied using a B. napus oligonucleotide microarray. Although maximum differential gene expression was observed at 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) in both cultivars, increased transcript levels were detected in cv. ZY821 at the earlier stages of infection (6-12 hpi) for many genes, including those encoding defence-associated proteins, such as chitinases, glucanases, osmotins and lectins, as well as genes encoding transcription factors belonging to the zinc finger, WRKY, APETALA2 (AP2) and MYB classes. In both cultivars, genes encoding enzymes involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and auxin synthesis were induced, as were those for gibberellin degradation. In addition, changes in the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism appeared to be directed towards shuttling carbon reserves to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and generating reactive oxygen species. Transcripts from genes encoding enzymes involved in glucosinolate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were highly elevated in both cultivars, suggesting that secondary metabolites are also components of the response to S. sclerotiorum in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhao
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
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