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Wan H, Teh MT, Mastroianni G, Ahmad US. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Desmoglein-3 as a Potential Oncogene in Oral Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2710. [PMID: 38067138 PMCID: PMC10705960 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of desmoglein-3 (DSG3) in oncogenesis is unclear. This study aimed to uncover molecular mechanisms through comparative transcriptome analysis in oral cancer cells, defining potential key genes and associated biological processes related to DSG3 expression. Four mRNA libraries of oral squamous carcinoma H413 cell lines were sequenced, and 599 candidate genes exhibited differential expression between DSG3-overexpressing and matched control lines, with 12 genes highly significantly differentially expressed, including 9 upregulated and 3 downregulated. Genes with known implications in cancer, such as MMP-13, KRT84, OLFM4, GJA1, AMOT and ADAMTS1, were strongly linked to DSG3 overexpression. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the DSG3-associated candidate gene products participate in crucial cellular processes such as junction assembly, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix formation, intermediate filament organisation and keratinocyte differentiation. Validation of RNA-Seq was performed through RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, using transmission electron microscopy, we meticulously examined desmosome morphology and revealed a slightly immature desmosome structure in DSG3-overexpressing cells compared to controls. No changes in desmosome frequency and diameter were observed between the two conditions. This study underscores intricate and multifaceted alterations associated with DSG3 in oral squamous carcinoma cells, implying a potential oncogenic role of this gene in biological processes that enable cell communication, motility and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wan
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giulia Mastroianni
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Uchechukwu CF, Anyaduba UL, Udekwu CC, Orababa OQ, Kade AE. Desmoglein-2 and COVID-19 complications: insights into its role as a biomarker, pathogenesis and clinical implications. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37815458 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein-2 (DSG2) has emerged as a potential biomarker for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications, particularly cardiac and cardiovascular involvement. The expression of DSG2 in lung tissues has been detected at elevated levels, and circulating DSG2 levels correlate with COVID-19 severity. DSG2 may contribute to myocardial injury, cardiac dysfunction and vascular endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19. Monitoring DSG2 levels could aid in risk stratification, early detection and prognostication of COVID-19 complications. However, further research is required to validate DSG2 as a biomarker. Such research will aim to elucidate its precise role in pathogenesis, establishing standardized assays for its measurement and possibly identifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidiebere F Uchechukwu
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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3
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Zhang X, Yang L, Zhang D, Wang X, Bu X, Zhang X, Cui L. Prognostic assessment capability of a five-gene signature in pancreatic cancer: a machine learning based-study. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:68. [PMID: 36906533 PMCID: PMC10007739 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A prognostic assessment method with good sensitivity and specificity plays an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. Finding a way to evaluate the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is of great significance for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. METHODS In this study, GTEx dataset and TCGA dataset were merged together for differential gene expression analysis. Univariate Cox regression and Lasso regression were used to screen variables in the TCGA dataset. Screening the optimal prognostic assessment model is then performed by gaussian finite mixture model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used as an indicator to assess the predictive ability of the prognostic model, the validation process was performed on the GEO datasets. RESULTS Gaussian finite mixture model was then used to build 5-gene signature (ANKRD22, ARNTL2, DSG3, KRT7, PRSS3). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested the 5-gene signature performed well on both the training and validation datasets. CONCLUSIONS This 5-gene signature performed well on both our chosen training dataset and validation dataset and provided a new way to predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanfeng Zhang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Radiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Bu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long Cui
- Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, XuZhou Central Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Disease, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical School of Southeast University, No.199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Characterization of Desmoglein 3 (DSG3) as a Sensitive and Specific Marker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:2220940. [PMID: 35251162 PMCID: PMC8894070 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2220940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although P40 and P63 are both sensitive and specific for routine esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) diagnosis, we recently showed that P40 and P63 immunoreactivities were significantly lower in well-differentiated SCC than those in higher grade tumors. Therefore, a novel esophageal SCC marker, ideally performing better in well-differentiated SCC, is still needed. We characterized desmoglein 3 (DSG3) immunohistochemistry in esophageal SCC, esophageal adenocarcinoma, small-cell lung carcinoma, and large B-cell lymphoma, alongside P40 and CK5/6. The World Health Organization classification was used to grade tumors as well-differentiated (WD), moderately differentiated (MD), or poorly differentiated (PD). There were 20 WD, 26 MD, and 17 PD components among 39 esophageal SCC cases. All esophageal SCC components showed significant DSG3 immunoreactivity (mean, 80%; range, 30%–100%), and the proportions of DSG3 immunoreactive cells were higher in the WD and MD components than in the PD components. No esophageal adenocarcinoma cases showed more than 10% DSG3 immunoreactivity with only weak cytoplasmic staining. With a 5% immunoreactivity cutoff, DSG3 positivity was 100% in all 63 SCC components, 18% in adenocarcinoma cases, and 0% in small-cell lung carcinoma or large B-cell lymphoma cases. The overall DSG3 specificity was 94%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize DSG3 as a sensitive and specific marker for esophageal SCC.
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Müller L, Hatzfeld M, Keil R. Desmosomes as Signaling Hubs in the Regulation of Cell Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745670. [PMID: 34631720 PMCID: PMC8495202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions, which preserve tissue integrity during homeostatic and stress conditions. These functions rely on their unique structural properties, which enable them to respond to context-dependent signals and transmit them to change cell behavior. Desmosome composition and size vary depending on tissue specific expression and differentiation state. Their constituent proteins are highly regulated by posttranslational modifications that control their function in the desmosome itself and in addition regulate a multitude of desmosome-independent functions. This review will summarize our current knowledge how signaling pathways that control epithelial shape, polarity and function regulate desmosomes and how desmosomal proteins transduce these signals to modulate cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Kronenberg J, Schrödter K, Noll GA, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Känel P. The tobacco phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein NtFT4 simultaneously improves vitality, growth, and protein yield in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3770-3786. [PMID: 34110007 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells by transient expression or stable transformation requires robust and viable cells. Cell line engineering must therefore balance improved cell growth and viability with high productivity. We tested the ability of nonmammalian phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins to enhance cell proliferation in monolayers and suspension cultures. The tobacco protein NtFT4 improved the proliferation of multiple human cell lines. Viable cell density is usually impaired by efficient transfection, but we found that the number of HEK-293TNtFT4 cells at the peak of protein expression was twice that of standard HEK-293T cells, and the antibody yield increased by approximately one-third. Improved growth and viability were observed in different cell lines, in different culture media, and also after transient transfection, suggesting the beneficial trait is consistent and transferable. Additional modifications could boost the productivity of high-density HEK-293TNtFT4 cells even further as we showed for a fluorescent marker protein and recombinant antibody expressed in monolayer cultures. The HEK-293TNtFT4 cell line provides a new human model platform that increases cell proliferation, also achieving a fundamental improvement in recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kronenberg
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Känel
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
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8
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Rehman A, Huang Y, Wan H. Evolving Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Review Emphasizing the Role of Desmoglein 3 in Regulating p53 and the Yes-Associated Protein. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070621. [PMID: 34206820 PMCID: PMC8303937 DOI: 10.3390/life11070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunobullous condition Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is caused by autoantibodies targeting the adhesion proteins of desmosomes, leading to blistering in the skin and mucosal membrane. There is still no cure to the disease apart from the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Despite numerous investigations, the pathological mechanisms of PV are still incompletely understood, though the etiology is thought to be multifactorial. Thus, further understanding of the molecular basis underlying this disease process is vital to develop targeted therapies. Ample studies have highlighted the role of Desmoglein-3 (DSG3) in the initiation of disease as DSG3 serves as a primary target of PV autoantibodies. DSG3 is a pivotal player in mediating outside-in signaling involved in cell junction remodeling, cell proliferation, differentiation, migration or apoptosis, thus validating its biological function in tissue integrity and homeostasis beyond desmosome adhesion. Recent studies have uncovered new activities of DSG3 in regulating p53 and the yes-associated protein (YAP), with the evidence of dysregulation of these pathways demonstrated in PV. The purpose of this review is to summarize the earlier and recent advances highlighting our recent findings related to PV pathogenesis that may pave the way for future research to develop novel specific therapies in curing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambreen Rehman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.R.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Yunying Huang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.R.); (Y.H.)
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.R.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Abula Y, Su Y, Tuniyazi D, Yi C. Desmoglein 3 contributes to tumorigenicity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through activating Src-FAK signaling. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:195-202. [PMID: 34262662 PMCID: PMC8253207 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1943707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmogleins (DSGs), with the ability to link adjacent cells, have been shown to participate in the development of malignancy. DSG3 was up-regulated in various cancers, including lung, head and neck, and esophagus squamous cell carcinoma, which contributed to the tumor progression. The role of DSG3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still remains elusive. Here, the expression of DSG3 was found to be enhanced in pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. Functional assays showed that shRNA-mediated knockdown of DSG3 decreased cell viability of pancreatic cancer cells and retarded the cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, pcDNA-mediated over-expression of DSG3 exhibited reversed effect on pancreatic cancer cell progression. In addition, the in vivo assay demonstrated that transfection of shDSG3 lentiviruses into pancreatic cancer cells repressed the tumorigenicity of PDAC after the cancer cells were transplanted into mice subcutaneously. Elevated DSG3 expression promoted the phosphorylation of Src (p-Src), focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and AKT (p-AKT) in vitro, while silence of DSG3 reduced the expression of p-Src, p-FAK and p-AKT both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, DSG3, as an oncogene, contributed to the tumorigenicity of PDAC through activating Src-FAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimamumaimaitijiang Abula
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Su
- Department of Medical, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dilixiati Tuniyazi
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yi
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People’s Republic of China
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Uttagomol J, Ahmad US, Rehman A, Huang Y, Laly AC, Kang A, Soetaert J, Chance R, Teh MT, Connelly JT, Wan H. Evidence for the Desmosomal Cadherin Desmoglein-3 in Regulating YAP and Phospho-YAP in Keratinocyte Responses to Mechanical Forces. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246221. [PMID: 31835537 PMCID: PMC6940936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) plays a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion and tissue integrity. Increasing evidence suggests that Dsg3 acts as a regulator of cellular mechanotransduction, but little is known about its direct role in mechanical force transmission. The present study investigated the impact of cyclic strain and substrate stiffness on Dsg3 expression and its role in mechanotransduction in keratinocytes. A direct comparison was made with E-cadherin, a well-characterized mechanosensor. Exposure of oral and skin keratinocytes to equiaxial cyclic strain promoted changes in the expression and localization of junction assembly proteins. The knockdown of Dsg3 by siRNA blocked strain-induced junctional remodeling of E-cadherin and Myosin IIa. Importantly, the study demonstrated that Dsg3 regulates the expression and localization of yes-associated protein (YAP), a mechanosensory, and an effector of the Hippo pathway. Furthermore, we showed that Dsg3 formed a complex with phospho-YAP and sequestered it to the plasma membrane, while Dsg3 depletion had an impact on both YAP and phospho-YAP in their response to mechanical forces, increasing the sensitivity of keratinocytes to the strain or substrate rigidity-induced nuclear relocation of YAP and phospho-YAP. Plakophilin 1 (PKP1) seemed to be crucial in recruiting the complex containing Dsg3/phospho-YAP to the cell surface since its silencing affected Dsg3 junctional assembly with concomitant loss of phospho-YAP at the cell periphery. Finally, we demonstrated that this Dsg3/YAP pathway has an influence on the expression of YAP1 target genes and cell proliferation. Together, these findings provide evidence of a novel role for Dsg3 in keratinocyte mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Uttagomol
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Ambreen Rehman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Yunying Huang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Ana C. Laly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.C.L.); (J.S.); (J.T.C.)
| | - Angray Kang
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Jan Soetaert
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.C.L.); (J.S.); (J.T.C.)
| | - Randy Chance
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - Muy-Teck Teh
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
| | - John T. Connelly
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (A.C.L.); (J.S.); (J.T.C.)
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK; (J.U.); (U.S.A.); (A.R.); (Y.H.); (A.K.); (R.C.); (M.-T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(44)-020-7882-7139; Fax: +(44)-020-7882-7137
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The desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-3 acts as a keratinocyte anti-stress protein via suppression of p53. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31582719 PMCID: PMC6776551 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3), the Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV) antigen (PVA), plays an essential role in keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion and regulates various signaling pathways involved in the progression and metastasis of cancer where it is upregulated. We show here that expression of Dsg3 impacts on the expression and function of p53, a key transcription factor governing the responses to cellular stress. Dsg3 depletion increased p53 expression and activity, an effect enhanced by treating cells with UVB, mechanical stress and genotoxic drugs, whilst increased Dsg3 expression resulted in the opposite effects. Such a pathway in the negative regulation of p53 by Dsg3 was Dsg3 specific since neither E-cadherin nor desmoplakin knockdown caused similar effects. Analysis of Dsg3-/- mouse skin also indicated an increase of p53/p21WAF1/CIP1 and cleaved caspase-3 relative to Dsg3+/- controls. Finally, we evaluated whether this pathway was operational in the autoimmune disease PV in which Dsg3 serves as a major antigen involved in blistering pathogenesis. We uncovered increased p53 with diffuse cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining in the oral mucosa of patients, including cells surrounding blisters and the pre-lesional regions. This finding was verified by in vitro studies where treatment of keratinocytes with PV sera, as well as a characterized pathogenic antibody specifically targeting Dsg3, evoked pronounced p53 expression and activity accompanied by disruption of cell-cell adhesion. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel role for Dsg3 as an anti-stress protein, via suppression of p53 function, and this pathway is disrupted in PV.
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Reviewing putative industrial triggering in pemphigus: cluster of pemphigus in the area near the wastewater treatment plant. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:185-191. [PMID: 28670245 PMCID: PMC5471373 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.67840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of pemphigus is relatively rare potentially fatal group of autoimmune blistering dermatoses. Usually, there is no apparent triggering, while in some predisposed patients there are alleged environmental/industrial inducing factors. In a short time period (4 years), we diagnosed 3 novel cases of pemphigus (1 pemphigus vulgaris, 1 pemphigus foliaceus and 1 shift from pemphigus foliaceus into pemphigus vulgaris) at a clinical and laboratory level (ELISA, immunofluorescence studies). We discuss a possible common inducing mechanism as these patients inhabit one estate of the Poznan suburbia (Kozieglowy, population < 12,000), Greater Poland district, Poland, and review literature data on alleged pemphigus triggers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the putative association between pemphigus diseases and wastewater treatment plant waterborne or volatile by-products in the vicinity of such a facility.
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Moftah H, Dias K, Apu EH, Liu L, Uttagomol J, Bergmeier L, Kermorgant S, Wan H. Desmoglein 3 regulates membrane trafficking of cadherins, an implication in cell-cell adhesion. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:211-232. [PMID: 27254775 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1195942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion plays a critical role in epithelial cell polarization and morphogenesis. Our recent studies suggest that the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) cross talks with E-cadherin and regulates its adhesive function in differentiating keratinocytes. However, the underlying mechanism remains not fully elucidated. Since E-cadherin trafficking has been recognized to be a central determinant in cell-cell adhesion and homeostasis we hypothesize that Dsg3 may play a role in regulating E-cadherin trafficking and hence the cell-cell adhesion. Here we investigated this hypothesis in cells with loss of Dsg3 function through RNAi mediated Dsg3 knockdown or the stable expression of the truncated mutant Dsg3ΔC. Our results showed that loss of Dsg3 resulted in compromised cell-cell adhesion and reduction of adherens junction and desmosome protein expression as well as the cortical F-actin formation. As a consequence, cells failed to polarize but instead displayed aberrant cell flattening. Furthermore, retardation of E-cadherin internalization and recycling was consistently observed in these cells during the process of calcium induced junction assembling. In contrast, enhanced cadherin endocytosis was detected in cells with overexpression of Dsg3 compared to control cells. Importantly, this altered cadherin trafficking was found to be coincided with the reduced expression and activity of Rab proteins, including Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 which are known to be involved in E-cadherin trafficking. Taken together, our findings suggest that Dsg3 functions as a key in cell-cell adhesion through at least a mechanism of regulating E-cadherin membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Moftah
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Kasuni Dias
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Ehsanul Hoque Apu
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Li Liu
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Lesley Bergmeier
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
| | - Stephanie Kermorgant
- b Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Center , Charterhouse Square, London , UK
| | - Hong Wan
- a Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , Whitechapel, London , UK
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Ormanns S, Altendorf-Hofmann A, Jackstadt R, Horst D, Assmann G, Zhao Y, Bruns C, Kirchner T, Knösel T. Desmogleins as prognostic biomarkers in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1460-6. [PMID: 26469831 PMCID: PMC4815888 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Frequent disease relapse and a lack of effective therapies result in a very poor outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Thus, identification of prognostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets is essential. Besides their function in cell–cell adhesion, desmogleins may play a role in tumour progression and invasion that has not been investigated in PDAC to date. This study evaluated desmoglein expression as a biomarker in PDAC. Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we examined desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmoglein 2 (DSG2) and desmoglein 3 (DSG3) expression in the tumour tissue of 165 resected PDAC cases. Expression levels were correlated to the patients' clinicopathological parameters and postoperative survival times. We confirmed these results in two independent gene expression data sets. Results: A total of 36% of the tumours showed high DSG3 expression that correlated significantly with shorter patient survival (P=0.011) and poor tumour differentiation (P<0.001), whereas no such association was detected for DSG1 or DSG2. In RNA-Seq data and in microarray expression data, high DSG3 expression correlated significantly with poor survival (P=0.000356 and P=0.00499). Conclusions: We identify DSG3 as a negative prognostic biomarker in resected PDAC, as high DSG3 expression is associated with poor overall survival and poor tumour-specific survival. These findings suggest DSG3 and its downstream signalling pathways as possible therapeutic targets in DSG3-expressing PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Ormanns
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Annelore Altendorf-Hofmann
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Gerald Assmann
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, Munich 80337, Germany
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Birse K, Arnold KB, Novak RM, McCorrister S, Shaw S, Westmacott GR, Ball TB, Lauffenburger DA, Burgener A. Molecular Signatures of Immune Activation and Epithelial Barrier Remodeling Are Enhanced during the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle: Implications for HIV Susceptibility. J Virol 2015; 89:8793-805. [PMID: 26085144 PMCID: PMC4524071 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00756-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The variable infectivity and transmissibility of HIV/SHIV has been recently associated with the menstrual cycle, with particular susceptibility observed during the luteal phase in nonhuman primate models and ex vivo human explant cultures, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we performed an unbiased, mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to better understand the mucosal immunological processes underpinning this observed susceptibility to HIV infection. Cervicovaginal lavage samples (n = 19) were collected, characterized as follicular or luteal phase using days since last menstrual period, and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Biological insights from these data were gained using a spectrum of computational methods, including hierarchical clustering, pathway analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis with LASSO feature selection. Of the 384 proteins identified, 43 were differentially abundant between phases (P < 0.05, ≥2-fold change). Cell-cell adhesion proteins and antiproteases were reduced, and leukocyte recruitment (interleukin-8 pathway, P = 1.41E-5) and extravasation proteins (P = 5.62E-4) were elevated during the luteal phase. LASSO/PLSDA identified a minimal profile of 18 proteins that best distinguished the luteal phase. This profile included cytoskeletal elements and proteases known to be involved in cellular movement. Gene set enrichment analysis associated CD4(+) T cell and neutrophil gene set signatures with the luteal phase (P < 0.05). Taken together, our findings indicate a strong association between proteins involved in tissue remodeling and leukocyte infiltration with the luteal phase, which may represent potential hormone-associated mechanisms of increased susceptibility to HIV. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have discovered an enhanced susceptibility to HIV infection during the progesterone-dominant luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. However, the mechanism responsible for this enhanced susceptibility has not yet been determined. Understanding the source of this vulnerability will be important for designing efficacious HIV prevention technologies for women. Furthermore, these findings may also be extrapolated to better understand the impact of exogenous hormone application, such as the use of hormonal contraceptives, on HIV acquisition risk. Hormonal contraceptives are the most widely used contraceptive method in sub-Saharan Africa, the most HIV-burdened area of the world. For this reason, research conducted to better understand how hormones impact host immunity and susceptibility factors important for HIV infection is a global health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzie Birse
- National Lab for HIV Immunology, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard M Novak
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart McCorrister
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Souradet Shaw
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Garrett R Westmacott
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Terry B Ball
- National Lab for HIV Immunology, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Department of Medical Microbiology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam Burgener
- National Lab for HIV Immunology, JC Wilt Infectious Disease Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johnson JL, Najor NA, Green KJ. Desmosomes: regulators of cellular signaling and adhesion in epidermal health and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a015297. [PMID: 25368015 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that mediate cell-cell adhesion and anchor the intermediate filament network to the plasma membrane, providing mechanical resilience to tissues such as the epidermis and heart. In addition to their critical roles in adhesion, desmosomal proteins are emerging as mediators of cell signaling important for proper cell and tissue functions. In this review we highlight what is known about desmosomal proteins regulating adhesion and signaling in healthy skin-in morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis, wound healing, and protection against environmental damage. We also discuss how human diseases that target desmosome molecules directly or interfere indirectly with these mechanical and signaling functions to contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Nicole A Najor
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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FANG WANGKAI, LIAO LIANDI, ZENG FAMIN, ZHANG PIXIAN, WU JIANYI, SHEN JIAN, XU LIYAN, LI ENMIN. Desmocollin‑2 affects the adhesive strength and cytoskeletal arrangement in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2358-64. [PMID: 25119898 PMCID: PMC4214350 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmocollin‑2 (DSC2), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the desmosomal cadherin family, has been found to be differentially expressed in several types of cancer and to be involved in tumor progression. The tumor metastasis suppressing property of DSC2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been described, however, its contribution to cell cohesion in ESCC remains to be elucidated. In the present study, using RNA interference (RNAi), the expression of DSC2 was silenced in SHEEC and KYSE510 cells. Hanging drop and fragmentation assays were performed to investigate the role of DSC2 in cell‑cell adhesion. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the expression and localization of cell adhesion molecules and cytoskeletal arrangement. The results demonstrated that DSC2 knock down by RNAi caused defects in cell‑cell adhesion and a concomitant reduction in desmosomal protein expression and adherens junction molecule distribution. A decrease in the expression of DSC2 caused an increase in free γ‑catenin levels, thus promoting its recruitment to the adherens junction complex. In addition, the RNAi‑mediated inhibition of DSC2 led to keratin intermediate filament retraction and filamentous‑actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. Taken together, these data support our previous findings and the proposal that DSC2 may be involved in the regulation of the invasive behavior of cells by a mechanism that controls cell‑cell attachment and cytoskeleton rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- WANG-KAI FANG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LIAN-DI LIAO
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - FA-MIN ZENG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - PI-XIAN ZHANG
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - JIAN-YI WU
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - JIAN SHEN
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - LI-YAN XU
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Li-Yan Xu, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: . Professor En-Min Li, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - EN-MIN LI
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Li-Yan Xu, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail: . Professor En-Min Li, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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18
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Sherrill JD, KC K, Wu D, Djukic Z, Caldwell JM, Stucke EM, Kemme KA, Costello MS, Mingler MK, Blanchard C, Collins MH, Abonia JP, Putnam PE, Dellon ES, Orlando RC, Hogan SP, Rothenb ME. Desmoglein-1 regulates esophageal epithelial barrier function and immune responses in eosinophilic esophagitis. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:718-29. [PMID: 24220297 PMCID: PMC3999291 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-1 (DSG1) is an essential intercellular adhesion molecule that is altered in various human cutaneous disorders; however, its regulation and function in allergic disease remains unexplored. Herein, we demonstrate a specific reduction in DSG1 in esophageal biopsies from patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an emerging allergic disorder characterized by chronic inflammation within the esophageal mucosa. Further, we show that DSG1 gene silencing weakens esophageal epithelial integrity, and induces cell separation and impaired barrier function (IBF) despite high levels of desmoglein-3. Moreover, DSG1 deficiency induces transcriptional changes that partially overlap with the transcriptome of inflamed esophageal mucosa; notably, periostin (POSTN), a multipotent pro-inflammatory extracellular matrix molecule, is the top induced overlapping gene. We further demonstrate that IBF is a pathological feature in EoE, which can be partially induced through the downregulation of DSG1 by interleukin-13 (IL-13). Taken together, these data identify a functional role for DSG1 and its dysregulation by IL-13 in the pathophysiology of EoE and suggest that the loss of DSG1 may potentiate allergic inflammation through the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as POSTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Sherrill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - K KC
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - D Wu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Z Djukic
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
| | - J M Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - E M Stucke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - K A Kemme
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - M S Costello
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - M K Mingler
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - C Blanchard
- Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Centre, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M H Collins
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - J P Abonia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - P E Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - E S Dellon
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
| | - R C Orlando
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA,Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
| | - S P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
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Kitagawa N, Inai Y, Higuchi Y, Iida H, Inai T. Inhibition of JNK in HaCaT cells induced tight junction formation with decreased expression of cytokeratin 5, cytokeratin 17 and desmoglein 3. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:389-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Waschke J, Spindler V. Desmosomes and Extradesmosomal Adhesive Signaling Contacts in Pemphigus. Med Res Rev 2014; 34:1127-45. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich; Pettenkoferstrasse 11 D-80336 Munich Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department I; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich; Pettenkoferstrasse 11 D-80336 Munich Germany
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21
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Kamekura R, Kolegraff KN, Nava P, Hilgarth RS, Feng M, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Loss of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein-2 suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation through EGFR signaling. Oncogene 2013; 33:4531-6. [PMID: 24166502 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomal cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues and have been known to be altered in cancer. We have previously shown that one of the two intestinal epithelial desmosomal cadherins, desmocollin-2 (Dsc2) loss promotes colonic epithelial carcinoma cell proliferation and tumor formation. In this study we show that loss of the other intestinal desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein-2 (Dsg2) that pairs with Dsc2, results in decreased epithelial cell proliferation and suppressed xenograft tumor growth in mice. Dsg2-deficient cells demonstrated a compensatory increase in Dsc2 expression, and small interfering RNA-mediated loss of Dsc2 restored proliferation in Dsg2-deficient cells. Dsg2 downregulation inhibited epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and cell proliferation through altered phosphorylation of EGFR and downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in parallel with inhibited EGFR receptor internalization. Additionally, we demonstrated a central role of Dsc2 in controlling EGFR signaling and cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells. Consistent with these findings, analyses of human colon cancers demonstrated increased Dsg2 protein expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate that partner desmosomal cadherins Dsg2 and Dsc2 play opposing roles in controlling colonic carcinoma cell proliferation through differential effects on EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K N Kolegraff
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Nava
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - R S Hilgarth
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Feng
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C A Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
The contribution of adherens junction inactivation, typically by downregulation or mutation of the transmembrane core component E-cadherin, to cancer progression is well recognized. In contrast, the role of the desmosomal cadherin components of the related cell-cell adhesion junction, the desmosome, in cancer development has not been well explored. Here, we use mouse models to probe the functional role of desmosomal cadherins in carcinogenesis. Because mice lacking the desmosomal cadherin Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) have revealed a crucial role for Dsg3 in cell-cell adhesion in stratified epithelia, we investigate the consequence of Dsg3 loss in two models of skin carcinogenesis. First, using Dsg3−/− keratinocytes, we show that these cells display adhesion defects in vitro and compromised tumor growth in allograft assays, suggesting that Dsg3 enables tumor formation in certain settings. In contrast, using an autochthonous model for SCC development in response to chronic UVB treatment, we discover a surprising lack of enhanced tumorigenesis in Dsg3−/− mice relative to controls, unlike mice lacking the desmosomal component Perp. Accordingly, there is no defect in the apoptotic response to UVB or enhanced immune cell infiltration upon Dsg3 loss that could promote tumorigenesis. Thus, Dsg3 does not display a clear function as a tumor suppressor in these mouse skin cancer models. Continued unraveling of the roles of Dsg3 and other desmosomal constituents in carcinogenesis in different contexts will be important for ultimately improving cancer diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Baron
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Anabel Hoang
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tsang SM, Brown L, Gadmor H, Gammon L, Fortune F, Wheeler A, Wan H. Desmoglein 3 acting as an upstream regulator of Rho GTPases, Rac-1/Cdc42 in the regulation of actin organisation and dynamics. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2269-83. [PMID: 22796473 PMCID: PMC4022105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), a member of the desmoglein sub-family, serves as an adhesion molecule in desmosomes. Our previous study showed that overexpression of human Dsg3 in several epithelial lines induces formation of membrane protrusions, a phenotype suggestive of Rho GTPase activation. Here we examined the interaction between Dsg3 and actin in detail and showed that endogenous Dsg3 colocalises and interacts with actin, particularly the junctional actin in a Rac1-dependent manner. Ablation of Rac1 activity by dominant negative Rac1 mutant (N17Rac1) or the Rac1 specific inhibitor (NSC23766) directly disrupts the interaction between Dsg3 and actin. Assembly of the junctional actin at the cell borders is accompanied with enhanced levels of Dsg3, while inhibition of Dsg3 by RNAi results in profound changes in the organisation of actin cytoskeleton. In accordance, overexpression of Dsg3 results in a remarkable increase of Rac1 and Cdc42 activities and to a lesser extent, RhoA. The enhancements in Rho GTPases are accompanied by the pronounced actin-based membrane structures such as lamellipodia and filopodia, enhanced rate of actin turnover and cell polarisation. Together, our results reveal an important novel function for Dsg3 in promoting actin dynamics through regulating Rac1 and Cdc42 activation in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Man Tsang
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, London, UK
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Tsang SM, Brown L, Lin K, Liu L, Piper K, O'Toole EA, Grose R, Hart IR, Garrod DR, Fortune F, Wan H. Non-junctional human desmoglein 3 acts as an upstream regulator of Src in E-cadherin adhesion, a pathway possibly involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. J Pathol 2012; 227:81-93. [DOI: 10.1002/path.3982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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