1
|
Kicic-Starcevich E, Hancock DG, Iosifidis T, Agudelo-Romero P, Caparros-Martin JA, Karpievitch YV, Silva D, Turkovic L, Le Souef PN, Bosco A, Martino DJ, Kicic A, Prescott SL, Stick SM. Airway epithelium respiratory illnesses and allergy (AERIAL) birth cohort: study protocol. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2024; 5:1349741. [PMID: 38666051 PMCID: PMC11043573 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1349741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent wheezing disorders including asthma are complex and heterogeneous diseases that affect up to 30% of all children, contributing to a major burden on children, their families, and global healthcare systems. It is now recognized that a dysfunctional airway epithelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheeze, although the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This prospective birth cohort aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of intrinsic epithelial dysfunction on the risk for developing respiratory disorders and the modulation of this risk by maternal morbidities, in utero exposures, and respiratory exposures in the first year of life. Methods The Airway Epithelium Respiratory Illnesses and Allergy (AERIAL) study is nested within the ORIGINS Project and will monitor 400 infants from birth to 5 years. The primary outcome of the AERIAL study will be the identification of epithelial endotypes and exposure variables that influence the development of recurrent wheezing, asthma, and allergic sensitisation. Nasal respiratory epithelium at birth to 6 weeks, 1, 3, and 5 years will be analysed by bulk RNA-seq and DNA methylation sequencing. Maternal morbidities and in utero exposures will be identified on maternal history and their effects measured through transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of the amnion and newborn epithelium. Exposures within the first year of life will be identified based on infant medical history as well as on background and symptomatic nasal sampling for viral PCR and microbiome analysis. Daily temperatures and symptoms recorded in a study-specific Smartphone App will be used to identify symptomatic respiratory illnesses. Discussion The AERIAL study will provide a comprehensive longitudinal assessment of factors influencing the association between epithelial dysfunction and respiratory morbidity in early life, and hopefully identify novel targets for diagnosis and early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David G. Hancock
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- European Virus Bioinformatics Centre, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Desiree Silva
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Peter N. Le Souef
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David J. Martino
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- European Virus Bioinformatics Centre, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- Wal-yan RespiratoryResearch Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Russell RJ, Boulet LP, Brightling CE, Pavord ID, Porsbjerg C, Dorscheid D, Sverrild A. The airway epithelium: an orchestrator of inflammation, a key structural barrier and a therapeutic target in severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301397. [PMID: 38453256 PMCID: PMC10991852 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01397-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease of heterogeneous pathology, typically characterised by excessive inflammatory and bronchoconstrictor responses to the environment. The clinical expression of the disease is a consequence of the interaction between environmental factors and host factors over time, including genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation and airway remodelling. As a critical interface between the host and the environment, the airway epithelium plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the face of environmental challenges. Disruption of epithelial integrity is a key factor contributing to multiple processes underlying asthma pathology. In this review, we first discuss the unmet need in asthma management and provide an overview of the structure and function of the airway epithelium. We then focus on key pathophysiological changes that occur in the airway epithelium, including epithelial barrier disruption, immune hyperreactivity, remodelling, mucus hypersecretion and mucus plugging, highlighting how these processes manifest clinically and how they might be targeted by current and novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Russell
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Del Dorscheid
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang GX, Hallen NR, Lee M, Zheng K, Wang X, Mandanas MV, Djeddi S, Fernandez D, Hacker J, Ryan T, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Lee S, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Gern JE, Hallstrand TS, Ray A, Wenzel SE, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Increased epithelial mTORC1 activity in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562288. [PMID: 37904989 PMCID: PMC10614789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background The airway epithelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), but the mechanisms by which airway epithelial cells (EpCs) maintain inflammation are poorly understood. Objective We hypothesized that transcriptomic assessment of sorted airway EpCs across the spectrum of differentiation would allow us to define mechanisms by which EpCs perpetuate airway inflammation. Methods Ethmoid sinus EpCs from adult patients with CRS were sorted into 3 subsets, bulk RNA sequenced, and analyzed for differentially expressed genes and pathways. Single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) datasets from eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP and bulk RNA-seq of EpCs from mild/moderate and severe asthma were assessed. Immunofluorescent staining and ex vivo functional analysis of sinus EpCs were used to validate our findings. Results Analysis within and across purified EpC subsets revealed an enrichment in glycolytic programming in CRSwNP vs CRSsNP. Correlation analysis identified mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as a potential regulator of the glycolytic program and identified EpC expression of cytokines and wound healing genes as potential sequelae. mTORC1 activity was upregulated in CRSwNP, and ex vivo inhibition demonstrated that mTOR is critical for EpC generation of CXCL8, IL-33, and CXCL2. Across patient samples, the degree of glycolytic activity was associated with T2 inflammation in CRSwNP, and with both T2 and non-T2 inflammation in severe asthma. Conclusions Together, these findings highlight a metabolic axis required to support epithelial generation of cytokines critical to both chronic T2 and non-T2 inflammation in CRSwNP and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George X. Huang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Nils R. Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Kelly Zheng
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | | | - Sarah Djeddi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | | | - Jonathan Hacker
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Regan W. Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary; Boston, MA
| | - Stella Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Alice Z. Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Rachel E. Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - James E. Gern
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison, WI
| | - Teal S. Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center; Seattle, WA
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Raby KL, Michaeloudes C, Tonkin J, Chung KF, Bhavsar PK. Mechanisms of airway epithelial injury and abnormal repair in asthma and COPD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201658. [PMID: 37520564 PMCID: PMC10374037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium comprises of different cell types and acts as a physical barrier preventing pathogens, including inhaled particles and microbes, from entering the lungs. Goblet cells and submucosal glands produce mucus that traps pathogens, which are expelled from the respiratory tract by ciliated cells. Basal cells act as progenitor cells, differentiating into different epithelial cell types, to maintain homeostasis following injury. Adherens and tight junctions between cells maintain the epithelial barrier function and regulate the movement of molecules across it. In this review we discuss how abnormal epithelial structure and function, caused by chronic injury and abnormal repair, drives airway disease and specifically asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In both diseases, inhaled allergens, pollutants and microbes disrupt junctional complexes and promote cell death, impairing the barrier function and leading to increased penetration of pathogens and a constant airway immune response. In asthma, the inflammatory response precipitates the epithelial injury and drives abnormal basal cell differentiation. This leads to reduced ciliated cells, goblet cell hyperplasia and increased epithelial mesenchymal transition, which contribute to impaired mucociliary clearance and airway remodelling. In COPD, chronic oxidative stress and inflammation trigger premature epithelial cell senescence, which contributes to loss of epithelial integrity and airway inflammation and remodelling. Increased numbers of basal cells showing deregulated differentiation, contributes to ciliary dysfunction and mucous hyperproduction in COPD airways. Defective antioxidant, antiviral and damage repair mechanisms, possibly due to genetic or epigenetic factors, may confer susceptibility to airway epithelial dysfunction in these diseases. The current evidence suggests that a constant cycle of injury and abnormal repair of the epithelium drives chronic airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma and COPD. Mechanistic understanding of injury susceptibility and damage response may lead to improved therapies for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Louise Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James Tonkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj Kumar Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kicic-Starcevich E, Hancock DG, Iosifidis T, Agudelo-Romero P, Caparros-Martin JA, Silva D, Turkovic L, Le Souef PN, Bosco A, Martino DJ, Kicic A, Prescott SL, Stick SM. Airway Epithelium Respiratory Illnesses and Allergy (AERIAL) birth cohort: study protocol. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.29.23289314. [PMID: 37205501 PMCID: PMC10187351 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.29.23289314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Recurrent wheezing disorders including asthma are complex and heterogeneous diseases that affect up to 30% of all children, contributing to a major burden on children, their families, and global healthcare systems. It is now recognized that a dysfunctional airway epithelium plays a central role in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheeze, although the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This prospective birth cohort aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of intrinsic epithelial dysfunction on the risk for developing respiratory disorders and the modulation of this risk by maternal morbidities, in utero exposures, and respiratory exposures in the first year of life. Methods and Analysis The Airway Epithelium Respiratory Illnesses and Allergy (AERIAL) study is nested within the ORIGINS Project and will monitor 400 infants from birth to five years. The primary outcome of the AERIAL study will be the identification of epithelial endotypes and exposure variables that influence the development of recurrent wheezing, asthma, and allergic sensitisation. Nasal respiratory epithelium at birth to six weeks, one, three, and five years will be analysed by bulk RNA-seq and DNA methylation sequencing. Maternal morbidities and in utero exposures will be identified on maternal history and their effects measured through transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of the amnion and newborn epithelium. Exposures within the first year of life will be identified based on infant medical history as well as on background and symptomatic nasal sampling for viral PCR and microbiome analysis. Daily temperatures and symptoms recorded in a study-specific Smartphone App will be used to identify symptomatic respiratory illnesses. Ethics and Dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from Ramsey Health Care HREC WA-SA (#1908). Results will be disseminated through open-access peer-reviewed manuscripts, conference presentations, and through different media channels to consumers, ORIGINS families, and the wider community.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, He Y, Li Q, Zhao Y, Zhang G, Luo Z. Network analyses of upper and lower airway transcriptomes identify shared mechanisms among children with recurrent wheezing and school-age asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087551. [PMID: 36776870 PMCID: PMC9911682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting which preschool children with recurrent wheezing (RW) will develop school-age asthma (SA) is difficult, highlighting the critical need to clarify the pathogenesis of RW and the mechanistic relationship between RW and SA. Despite shared environmental exposures and genetic determinants, RW and SA are usually studied in isolation. Based on network analysis of nasal and tracheal transcriptomes, we aimed to identify convergent transcriptomic mechanisms in RW and SA. Methods RNA-sequencing data from nasal and tracheal brushing samples were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Combined with single-cell transcriptome data, cell deconvolution was used to infer the composition of 18 cellular components within the airway. Consensus weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify consensus modules closely related to both RW and SA. Shared pathways underlying consensus modules between RW and SA were explored by enrichment analysis. Hub genes between RW and SA were identified using machine learning strategies and validated using external datasets and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, the potential value of hub genes in defining RW subsets was determined using nasal and tracheal transcriptome data. Results Co-expression network analysis revealed similarities in the transcriptional networks of RW and SA in the upper and lower airways. Cell deconvolution analysis revealed an increase in mast cell fraction but decrease in club cell fraction in both RW and SA airways compared to controls. Consensus network analysis identified two consensus modules highly associated with both RW and SA. Enrichment analysis of the two consensus modules indicated that fatty acid metabolism-related pathways were shared key signals between RW and SA. Furthermore, machine learning strategies identified five hub genes, i.e., CST1, CST2, CST4, POSTN, and NRTK2, with the up-regulated hub genes in RW and SA validated using three independent external datasets and qRT-PCR. The gene signatures of the five hub genes could potentially be used to determine type 2 (T2)-high and T2-low subsets in preschoolers with RW. Conclusions These findings improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of RW and provide a rationale for future exploration of the mechanistic relationship between RW and SA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangli Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin M, Watkins S, Larriba Y, Wallace C, St. Croix C, Zhou X, Zhao J, Peddada S, Wenzel SE. Real-time imaging of asthmatic epithelial cells identifies migratory deficiencies under type-2 conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:579-588. [PMID: 34547368 PMCID: PMC8821171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelium is increasingly recognized as a pathologic contributor to asthma and its phenotypes. Although delayed wound closure by asthmatic epithelial cells is consistently observed, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, partly due to difficulties in studying dynamic physiologic processes involving polarized multilayered cell systems. Although type-2 immunity has been suggested to play a role, the mechanisms by which repair is diminished are unclear. OBJECTIVES This study sought to develop and utilize primary multilayered polarized epithelial cell systems, derived from patients with asthma, to evaluate cell migration in response to wounding under type-2 and untreated conditions. METHODS A novel wounding device for multilayered polarized cells, along with time-lapse live cell/real-time confocal imaging were evaluated under IL-13 and untreated conditions. The influence of inhibition of 15 lipoxygenase (15LO1), a type-2 enzyme, on the process was also addressed. Cell migration patterns were analyzed by high-dimensional frequency modulated Möbius for statistical comparisons. RESULTS IL-13 stimulation negatively impacts wound healing by altering the total speed, directionality, and acceleration of individual cells. Inhibition 15LO1 partially improved the wound repair through improving total speed. CONCLUSIONS Migration abnormalities contributed to markedly slower wound closure of IL-13 treated cells, which was modestly reversed by 15LO1 inhibition, suggesting its potential as an asthma therapeutic target. These novel methodologies offer new ways to dynamically study cell movements and identify contributing pathologic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Department of Rhinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yolanda Larriba
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Callen Wallace
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Claudette St. Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Asthma and Environmental Lung Health Institute @UPMC, Pittsburgh, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin M, Watkins S, Larriba Y, Wallace C, Croix CS, Zhou X, Zhao J, Peddada S, Wenzel SE. Reply. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1132-1133. [PMID: 35000771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Rhinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yolanda Larriba
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Callen Wallace
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh Asthma and Environmental Lung Health Institute @UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dysregulated Notch Signaling in the Airway Epithelium of Children with Wheeze. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121323. [PMID: 34945795 PMCID: PMC8707470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium of children with wheeze is characterized by defective repair that contributes to disease pathobiology. Dysregulation of developmental processes controlled by Notch has been identified in chronic asthma. However, its role in airway epithelial cells of young children with wheeze, particularly during repair, is yet to be determined. We hypothesized that Notch is dysregulated in primary airway epithelial cells (pAEC) of children with wheeze contributing to defective repair. This study investigated transcriptional and protein expression and function of Notch in pAEC isolated from children with and without wheeze. Primary AEC of children with and without wheeze were found to express all known Notch receptors and ligands, although pAEC from children with wheeze expressed significantly lower NOTCH2 (10-fold, p = 0.004) and higher JAG1 (3.5-fold, p = 0.002) mRNA levels. These dysregulations were maintained in vitro and cultures from children with wheeze displayed altered kinetics of both NOTCH2 and JAG1 expression during repair. Following Notch signaling inhibition, pAEC from children without wheeze failed to repair (wound closure rate of 76.9 ± 3.2%). Overexpression of NOTCH2 in pAEC from children with wheeze failed to rescue epithelial repair following wounding. This study illustrates the involvement of the Notch pathway in airway epithelial wound repair in health and disease, where its dysregulation may contribute to asthma development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Mengke SHENG, Xing LIU, Yuyao LIAO, Zhixun LI, Lijing LYU, Jiaqi YANG, Xinyuan SHI. Investigation of the active components and mechanism of Sanao Decoction in treating chronic cough by network pharmacology and molecular docking. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
Pascoe CD, Roy N, Turner-Brannen E, Schultz A, Vaghasiya J, Ravandi A, Halayko AJ, West AR. Oxidized Phosphatidylcholines Induce Multiple Functional Defects in Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L703-L717. [PMID: 34346781 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00539.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a hallmark of numerous airway diseases, contributing to extensive cell and tissue damage. Cell membranes and the airway mucosal lining are rich in phospholipids that are particularly susceptible to oxidative attack, producing bioactive molecules including oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPC). With the recent discovery of elevated OxPC in asthmatic patients after allergen challenge, we hypothesized that OxPC directly contribute to disease by inducing airway epithelial cell dysfunction. We found that OxPC induced concentration-dependent cell stress and loss of viability in BEAS-2B and Calu-3 cell lines and primary human epithelial cells. These responses corresponded with significant epithelial barrier dysfunction, which was further compounded when combining OxPC with an epithelial wound. OxPC inhibited DNA synthesis and migration required to re-establish barrier function, but cells recovered if OxPC were washed off soon after treatment. OxPC induced generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction, raising the possibility that OxPC cause pathological lipid metabolism in a self-propagating cycle. The oxidative stress induced by OxPC could not be abrogated by putative OxPC receptor blockers, but partial recovery of barrier function, proliferation and lipid peroxidation could be achieved with the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine. In summary, we have identified OxPC as a group of bioactive molecules that significantly impair multiple facets of epithelial cell function, consistent with pathological features of asthma. Further characterisation of the mechanisms by which OxPC affect epithelial cells could yield new insights into how oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of airway disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Pascoe
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Neilloy Roy
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emily Turner-Brannen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Alexander Schultz
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jignesh Vaghasiya
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew John Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Adrian Robert West
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Group, Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cane J, Tregidgo L, Thulborn S, Finch D, Bafadhel M. Antimicrobial Peptides SLPI and Beta Defensin-1 in Sputum are Negatively Correlated with FEV 1. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:1437-1447. [PMID: 34093009 PMCID: PMC8170372 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s301622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma have heterogeneous inflammation with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as a mainstay of treatment. There is increased prevalence of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) persistence in airways of patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation, potentially due to suppressed host defence after corticosteroid treatment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have antimicrobial activity against pathogens and immunomodulatory effects. We investigated whether AMPs associate with NTHi presence in COPD and asthma, and whether ICS alter this. Methods Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), osteopontin, elafin and beta defensin-1 were measured in sputum supernatants from healthy donors (n=9), asthmatics (n=21) and patients with COPD (n=14). Elafin and beta defensin-1 were measured in a primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from healthy and COPD donors infected with NTHi and pre-treated with fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide (BUD). Internalised NTHi was quantified by qPCR. Results Sputum SLPI was negatively correlated with FEV1 (p<0.001, r=-0.610), FEV1% predicted (p<0.001, r=-0.583) and FEV1/FVC (p=0.001, r=-0.528). Sputum beta defensin-1 was negatively associated with FEV1 (p<0.001***r=-0.594). SLPI and beta defensin-1 levels in sputum were higher in the healthy controls and COPD group compared to the asthma group (p=0.001 and p=0.014) and (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). ICS use was associated with higher sputum osteopontin compared to those with no ICS use. NTHi infection of COPD HBECs produced higher levels of beta defensin-1 compared to healthy donors (mean (SD) release: 45.1pg/mL (7.3) vs 21.2pg/mL (7.3) respectively, p=0.014). Elafin release from HBECs from COPD donors did not change following NTHi infection; however, elafin from healthy donors was significantly reduced (%mean reduction: 23.7%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of reduction: 5.3-38.4%, p<0.01). Conclusion Sputum SLPI and beta defensin-1 may be markers to identify those patients with declining lung function. ICS use was associated with higher sputum osteopontin compared to those with no ICS use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cane
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Tregidgo
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samantha Thulborn
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Mona Bafadhel
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andersson CK, Iwasaki J, Cook J, Robinson P, Nagakumar P, Mogren S, Fleming L, Bush A, Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Impaired airway epithelial cell wound-healing capacity is associated with airway remodelling following RSV infection in severe preschool wheeze. Allergy 2020; 75:3195-3207. [PMID: 32578219 DOI: 10.1111/all.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes exacerbations of asthma and preschool wheeze (PSW). However, the anti-viral and repair responses of the bronchial epithelium in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) and PSW are poorly understood. METHODS Children with STRA (age 12 [6-16] years), PSW (age 2 [1-5] years) and non-asthmatic controls (age 7 [2-14] years) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial brushings and biopsies. Anti-viral, wound injury responses were quantified in biopsies and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) in response to RSV, poly(I:C), house dust mite (HDM) or IL-33 using RT-qPCR, Luminex and live cell imaging. Collagen deposition and tissue expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), IL-33 and receptor ST2 were investigated in bronchial biopsies. RESULTS PBECs from STRA and PSW had increased TLR3 gene expression and increased secretion of anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-13) in response to RSV compared to controls. Exposure of PBECs to concomitant TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and HDM resulted in a significant reduction in epithelial cell proliferation in PSW compared to controls. Wound-healing was also impaired in PSW compared to controls at baseline and following IL-33 stimulation. In addition, tissue EGFR expression was significantly reduced in PSW and correlated with collagen deposition in endobronchial biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Despite increased anti-viral responses, preschool children with severe wheeze had impaired airway epithelial proliferative responses following damage. This might be connected to the low expression of EGFR in PSW which may affect epithelial function and contribute to asthma pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia K. Andersson
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Cell Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Jua Iwasaki
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
| | - James Cook
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Polly Robinson
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Prasad Nagakumar
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Sofia Mogren
- Respiratory Cell Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Louise Fleming
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Sejal Saglani
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1063-1079. [PMID: 32369100 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integrity, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and enhanced vascularity. These alterations are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, and progressive decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals. Consequently, targeting inflammation alone does not suffice to provide optimal clinical benefits. Here we review asthmatic airway remodeling, focusing on airway epithelium, which is critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and is the primary defense against inhaled irritants. In asthma, airway epithelium is both a mediator and target of inflammation, manifesting remodeling and resulting obstruction among its downstream effects. We also highlight the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting airway structural alterations. Since pathological tissue remodeling is likewise observed in other injury- and inflammation-prone tissues and organs, our discussion may have implications beyond asthma and lung disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Azithromycin Partially Mitigates Dysregulated Repair of Lung Allograft Small Airway Epithelium. Transplantation 2020; 104:1166-1176. [PMID: 31985728 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated airway epithelial repair following injury is a proposed mechanism driving posttransplant bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and its clinical correlate bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). This study compared gene and cellular characteristics of injury and repair in large (LAEC) and small (SAEC) airway epithelial cells of transplant patients. METHODS Subjects were recruited at the time of routine bronchoscopy posttransplantation and included patients with and without BOS. Airway epithelial cells were obtained from bronchial and bronchiolar brushing performed under radiological guidance from these patients. In addition, bronchial brushings were also obtained from healthy control subjects comprising of adolescents admitted for elective surgery for nonrespiratory-related conditions. Primary cultures were established, monolayers wounded, and repair assessed (±) azithromycin (1 µg/mL). In addition, proliferative capacity as well as markers of injury and dysregulated repair were also assessed. RESULTS SAEC had a significantly dysregulated repair process postinjury, despite having a higher proliferative capacity than large airway epithelial cells. Addition of azithromycin significantly induced repair in these cells; however, full restitution was not achieved. Expression of several genes associated with epithelial barrier repair (matrix metalloproteinase 7, matrix metalloproteinase 3, the integrins β6 and β8, and β-catenin) were significantly different in epithelial cells obtained from patients with BOS compared to transplant patients without BOS and controls, suggesting an intrinsic defect. CONCLUSIONS Chronic airway injury and dysregulated repair programs are evident in airway epithelium obtained from patients with BOS, particularly with SAEC. We also show that azithromycin partially mitigates this pathology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Iosifidis T, Sutanto EN, Buckley AG, Coleman L, Gill EE, Lee AH, Ling KM, Hillas J, Looi K, Garratt LW, Martinovich KM, Shaw NC, Montgomery ST, Kicic-Starcevich E, Karpievitch YV, Le Souëf P, Laing IA, Vijayasekaran S, Lannigan FJ, Rigby PJ, Hancock RE, Knight DA, Stick SM, Kicic A. Aberrant cell migration contributes to defective airway epithelial repair in childhood wheeze. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133125. [PMID: 32208383 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal wound repair has been observed in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Therapies focusing on repairing vulnerable airways, particularly in early life, present a potentially novel treatment strategy. We report defective lower airway epithelial cell repair to strongly associate with common pre-school-aged and school-aged wheezing phenotypes, characterized by aberrant migration patterns and reduced integrin α5β1 expression. Next generation sequencing identified the PI3K/Akt pathway as the top upstream transcriptional regulator of integrin α5β1, where Akt activation enhanced repair and integrin α5β1 expression in primary cultures from children with wheeze. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling in primary cultures from children without wheeze reduced α5β1 expression and attenuated repair. Importantly, the FDA-approved drug celecoxib - and its non-COX2-inhibiting analogue, dimethyl-celecoxib - stimulated the PI3K/Akt-integrin α5β1 axis and restored airway epithelial repair in cells from children with wheeze. When compared with published clinical data sets, the identified transcriptomic signature was also associated with viral-induced wheeze exacerbations highlighting the clinical potential of such therapy. Collectively, these results identify airway epithelial restitution via targeting the PI3K-integrin α5β1 axis as a potentially novel therapeutic avenue for childhood wheeze and asthma. We propose that the next step in the therapeutic development process should be a proof-of-concept clinical trial, since relevant animal models to test the crucial underlying premise are unavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Iosifidis
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alysia G Buckley
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Laura Coleman
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erin E Gill
- Center for Microbial Diseases Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy H Lee
- Center for Microbial Diseases Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Hillas
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelly M Martinovich
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole C Shaw
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel T Montgomery
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Yuliya V Karpievitch
- Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Le Souëf
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Francis J Lannigan
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Rigby
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Ew Hancock
- Center for Microbial Diseases Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Division of Pediatrics and.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute Respiratory Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang J, Koussih L, Shan L, Halayko AJ, Tliba O, Gounni AS. Glucocorticoids regulate pentraxin-3 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220772. [PMID: 31437159 PMCID: PMC6706008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is a multifunctional protein involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Glucocorticoid (GC) is the first-line therapy to mitigate airway inflammation in asthma. Previous pieces of evidence showed that GC has divergent effects on PTX3 production in various cell types. The molecular mechanisms controlling PTX3 expression in HASMC are, however, not yet characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that the synthetic GC, dexamethasone (DEX) increases the expression of PTX3 both at the protein and mRNA levels. We also found that such an effect of DEX was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and the GC receptor (GR). While DEX increases PTX3 mRNA stability, it did not affect its promoter activity. Interestingly, HASMC pre-treated with p42/p44 ERK inhibitor, but not with p38 or JNK-MAPK inhibitors, significantly interfered with DEX-induced PTX3 secretion. Taken together, our data suggest that GC regulates PTX3 expression in HASMC through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms in a GR and ERK-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Latifa Koussih
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Experimental Sciences, University of Saint Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Omar Tliba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, United States of America
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Inoue H, Hattori T, Zhou X, Etling EB, Modena BD, Trudeau JB, Holguin F, Wenzel SE. Dysfunctional ErbB2, an EGF receptor family member, hinders repair of airway epithelial cells from asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2075-2085.e10. [PMID: 30639343 PMCID: PMC6556416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and genomic data increasingly point to the airway epithelium as critical to asthma pathogenesis. Epithelial growth factor (EGF) family members play a fundamental role in epithelial differentiation, proliferation, and repair. Although expression of erythroblastosis oncogene B2 (ErbB2) mRNA, an EGF family receptor, was reported to be lower in asthmatic patients, little is understood about its functional role. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether decreased ErbB2 activation in freshly isolated human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) from asthmatic patients associated with impaired wound closure in vitro. METHODS An in vitro scratch-wound model of air-liquid interface cultured and freshly isolated HAECs were compared between HAECs from healthy control subjects (HCs) and asthmatic patients in relation to ErbB2. RESULTS Freshly brushed HAECs from asthmatic patients had impaired ErbB2 activation compared with those from HCs. In an in vitro scratch-wound model, HAECs from asthmatic patients showed delayed wound closure compared with HAECs from HCs. Cell proliferation, as assessed based on [3H] thymidine incorporation after wounding, and expression or activation of ErbB2 and cyclin D1 at the leading edge of the wound were lower in HAECs from asthmatic patients and HCs. A selective ErbB2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, mubritinib, impaired wound closure and decreased cyclin D1 expression in healthy HAECs, with less effect on cells from asthmatic patients, supporting diminished activity in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION These results implicate a primary defect in the ErbB2 pathway as constraining epithelial repair processes in asthmatic patients. Restoration of homeostatic ErbB2 function should be considered a novel asthma therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Inoue
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Division of Pulmonary and Allergy Medicine, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hattori
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Emily B Etling
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Brian D Modena
- Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif; Department of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Health, San Diego, Calif
| | - John B Trudeau
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Fernando Holguin
- Division of Medicine-Pulmonary Sciences & Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Antenatal and preschool factors are key in determining the progression to pre-school wheeze and eosinophilic school age asthma. The conventional view of eosinophilic asthma is that airway inflammation is the fundamental underlying abnormality, and airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness are secondary; in fact, these three are parallel processes. Very early structural changes, independent of inflammation and infection, are associated with early airway hyper-responsiveness and later adverse respiratory outcomes. There is a bidirectional relationship between structural airway wall changes and airway inflammation, with airway contraction per se leading to the release of growth factors, and inflammatory pathways promoting airway remodeling. Early viral infection (and increasingly being appreciated, bacterial infection) is important in wheeze outcomes. There is evidence of abnormal immune function including cytokine release before the onset of viral infections. However, viral infections may also have prolonged effects on the host immune system, and the evidence for beneficial and adverse effects of viral infection is conflicting. In older children and adults, asthmatic epithelial cells show impaired interferon responses to viral infection, but only in the presence of uncontrolled type 2 inflammation, implying these are secondary phenomena. There are also compelling data relating the innate immune system to later asthma and atopy, and animal studies suggest that the effects of a high endotoxin, microbiologically diverse environment may be modulated via the epithelial alarmin IL-33. Whereas, previously only viral infection was thought to be important, early bacterial colonization of the upper airway is coming to the fore, associated with a mixed pattern of TH1/TH2/TH17 cytokine secretion, and adverse long term outcomes. Bacterial colonization is probably a marker of a subtle immune deficiency, rather than directly causal. The airway and gut microbiome critically impacts the development of Type 2 inflammatory responses. However, Type 2 inflammatory cytokines, which are critical both to progression from pre-school wheeze to eosinophilic asthma, and sustaining the eosinophilic asthmatic state, are not implicated in the very early development of the disease. Taken together, the evidence is that the earliest cytokine and chemokine signals will come from the study of bronchial epithelial cell function and their interactions with viruses and the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Departments of Paediatrics and Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schagen J, Sly PD, Fantino E. Characterizing well-differentiated culture of primary human nasal epithelial cells for use in wound healing assays. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1478-1486. [PMID: 30089850 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal epithelium is the initial contact between the external environment and the respiratory tract and how it responds to noxious stimuli and repairs epithelial damage is important. Growing airway epithelial cells in culture at air-liquid interface allows for a physiologically relevant model of the human upper airways. The aim of the present study was to characterize human primary nasal epithelial cells grown at the air-liquid interface and establish a model for use in wound healing assays. This study determined the time required for full differentiation of nasal epithelial cells in an air-liquid interface culture to be at least 7 weeks using the standardized B-ALI media. Also, a model was established that studied the response to wounding and the effect of EGFR inhibition on this process. Nasal epithelial cultures from healthy subjects were differentiated at air-liquid interface and manually wounded. Wounds were monitored over time to complete closure using a time lapse imaging microscope with cultures identified to have a rate of wound healing above 2.5%/h independent of initial wound size. EGFR inhibition caused the rate of wound healing to drop a significant 4.6%/h with there being no closure of the wound after 48 h. The robust model established in this study will be essential for studying factors influencing wound healing, including host disease status and environmental exposures in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schagen
- Children's Lung, Environment and Asthma Research Team, Centre for Children's Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Lung, Environment and Asthma Research Team, Centre for Children's Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Emmanuelle Fantino
- Children's Lung, Environment and Asthma Research Team, Centre for Children's Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jia S, Guo P, Ge X, Wu H, Lu J, Fan X. Overexpression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase contributes to the repair of human airway epithelial cells inhibited by dexamethasone via affecting the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:282-290. [PMID: 29896251 PMCID: PMC5995046 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the degradation of trytophan, which serves a key role in immune suppression via regulating the production of several metabolites. The present study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of IDO in the repair of human airway epithelium suppressed by dexamethasone (DEX). Cell viability, proliferation and migration were evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling, and wound-healing assay, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis and ELISA were performed to assess the levels of IDO, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway-related factors and epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression, respectively. The results revealed that overexpression of IDO enhanced the cell viability, and promoted the proliferation and migration of 16HBE cells which repair was inhibited by DEX. Furthermore, it was indicated that overexpression of IDO affected the MAPK/ERK pathway. In conclusion, overexpression of IDO promoted the human airway epithelium repair inhibited by DEX through affecting MAPK/ERK pathway. The present study implied that IDO may be a potential genetic therapeutic agent and supported the utilization of IDO in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jia
- Department of Respiration, Hengdian Wenrong's Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322118, P.R. China
| | - Pin Guo
- Department of Urology, Dong Yang Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjin Ge
- Department of Respiration, Hengdian Wenrong's Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322118, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Wu
- Department of Respiration, Dongyang People's Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang 322100, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Lu
- Department of Respiration, Hengdian Wenrong's Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Fan
- Cor Pulmonale Research Laboratory, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xie B, Laxman B, Hashemifar S, Stern R, Gilliam TC, Maltsev N, White SR. Chemokine expression in the early response to injury in human airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193334. [PMID: 29534074 PMCID: PMC5849294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal airway epithelial cells (AEC) constitute stem/progenitor cells within the central airways and respond to mucosal injury in an ordered sequence of spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation to needed cell types. However, dynamic gene transcription in the early events after mucosal injury has not been studied in AEC. We examined gene expression using microarrays following mechanical injury (MI) in primary human AEC grown in submersion culture to generate basal cells and in the air-liquid interface to generate differentiated AEC (dAEC) that include goblet and ciliated cells. A select group of ~150 genes was in differential expression (DE) within 2-24 hr after MI, and enrichment analysis of these genes showed over-representation of functional categories related to inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Network-based gene prioritization and network reconstruction using the PINTA heat kernel diffusion algorithm demonstrated highly connected networks that were richer in differentiated AEC compared to basal cells. Similar experiments done in basal AEC collected from asthmatic donor lungs demonstrated substantial changes in DE genes and functional categories related to inflammation compared to basal AEC from normal donors. In dAEC, similar but more modest differences were observed. We demonstrate that the AEC transcription signature after MI identifies genes and pathways that are important to the initiation and perpetuation of airway mucosal inflammation. Gene expression occurs quickly after injury and is more profound in differentiated AEC, and is altered in AEC from asthmatic airways. Our data suggest that the early response to injury is substantially different in asthmatic airways, particularly in basal airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqing Xie
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Bharathi Laxman
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Somaye Hashemifar
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Randi Stern
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - T. Conrad Gilliam
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Natalia Maltsev
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Steven R. White
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martinovich KM, Iosifidis T, Buckley AG, Looi K, Ling KM, Sutanto EN, Kicic-Starcevich E, Garratt LW, Shaw NC, Montgomery S, Lannigan FJ, Knight DA, Kicic A, Stick SM. Conditionally reprogrammed primary airway epithelial cells maintain morphology, lineage and disease specific functional characteristics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17971. [PMID: 29269735 PMCID: PMC5740081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Current limitations to primary cell expansion led us to test whether airway epithelial cells derived from healthy children and those with asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF), co-cultured with an irradiated fibroblast feeder cell in F-medium containing 10 µM ROCK inhibitor could maintain their lineage during expansion and whether this is influenced by underlying disease status. Here, we show that conditionally reprogrammed airway epithelial cells (CRAECs) can be established from both healthy and diseased phenotypes. CRAECs can be expanded, cryopreserved and maintain phenotypes over at least 5 passages. Population doublings of CRAEC cultures were significantly greater than standard cultures, but maintained their lineage characteristics. CRAECs from all phenotypes were also capable of fully differentiating at air-liquid interface (ALI) and maintained disease specific characteristics including; defective CFTR channel function cultures and the inability to repair wounds. Our findings indicate that CRAECs derived from children maintain lineage, phenotypic and importantly disease-specific functional characteristics over a specified passage range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Martinovich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alysia G Buckley
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole C Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Montgomery
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francis J Lannigan
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,Occupation and Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Altman MC, Reeves SR, Parker AR, Whalen E, Misura KM, Barrow KA, James RG, Hallstrand TS, Ziegler SF, Debley JS. Interferon response to respiratory syncytial virus by bronchial epithelium from children with asthma is inversely correlated with pulmonary function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:451-459. [PMID: 29106997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory viral infection in early childhood, including that from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), has been previously associated with the development of asthma. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether ex vivo RSV infection of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from children with asthma would induce specific gene expression patterns and whether such patterns were associated with lung function among BEC donors. METHODS Primary BECs from carefully characterized children with asthma (n = 18) and matched healthy children without asthma (n = 8) were differentiated at an air-liquid interface for 21 days. Air-liquid interface cultures were infected with RSV for 96 hours and RNA was subsequently isolated from BECs. In each case, we analyzed gene expression using RNA sequencing and assessed differences between conditions by linear modeling of the data. BEC donors completed spirometry to measure lung function. RESULTS RSV infection of BECs from subjects with asthma, compared with uninfected BECs from subjects with asthma, led to a significant increase in expression of 6199 genes. There was significantly greater expression of 195 genes in BECs from children with asthma and airway obstruction (FEV1/forced vital capacity < 0.85 and FEV1 < 100% predicted) than in BECs from children with asthma without obstruction, or in BECs from healthy children. These specific genes were found to be highly enriched for viral response genes induced in parallel with types I and III interferons. CONCLUSIONS BECs from children with asthma and with obstructive physiology exhibit greater expression of types I and III interferons and interferon-stimulated genes than do cells from children with normal lung function, and expression of interferon-associated genes correlates with the degree of airway obstruction. These findings suggest that an exaggerated interferon response to viral infection by airway epithelial cells may be a mechanism leading to lung function decline in a subset of children with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Andrew R Parker
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | | | | | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard G James
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ahmed E, Sansac C, Assou S, Gras D, Petit A, Vachier I, Chanez P, De Vos J, Bourdin A. Lung development, regeneration and plasticity: From disease physiopathology to drug design using induced pluripotent stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:58-77. [PMID: 28987320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lungs have a complex structure composed of different cell types that form approximately 17 million airway branches of gas-delivering bronchioles connected to 500 million gas-exchanging alveoli. Airways and alveoli are lined by epithelial cells that display a low rate of turnover at steady-state, but can regenerate the epithelium in response to injuries. Here, we review the key points of lung development, homeostasis and epithelial cell plasticity in response to injury and disease, because this knowledge is required to develop new lung disease treatments. Of note, canonical signaling pathways that are essential for proper lung development during embryogenesis are also involved in the pathophysiology of most chronic airway diseases. Moreover, the perfect control of these interconnected pathways is needed for the successful differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into lung cells. Indeed, differentiation of iPSC into airway epithelium and alveoli is based on the use of biomimetics of normal embryonic and fetal lung development. In vitro iPSC-based models of lung diseases can help us to better understand the impaired lung repair capacity and to identify new therapeutic targets and new approaches, such as lung cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Caroline Sansac
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Said Assou
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France
| | | | - Pascal Chanez
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - John De Vos
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Unit for Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F 34000, France.
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Loxham M, Davies DE. Phenotypic and genetic aspects of epithelial barrier function in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1736-1751. [PMID: 28583446 PMCID: PMC5457128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium is continuously exposed to a multitude of noxious challenges in inhaled air. Cellular contact with most damaging agents is reduced by the action of the mucociliary apparatus and by formation of a physical barrier that controls passage of ions and macromolecules. In conjunction with these defensive barrier functions, immunomodulatory cross-talk between the bronchial epithelium and tissue-resident immune cells controls the tissue microenvironment and barrier homeostasis. This is achieved by expression of an array of sensors that detect a wide variety of viral, bacterial, and nonmicrobial (toxins and irritants) agents, resulting in production of many different soluble and cell-surface molecules that signal to cells of the immune system. The ability of the bronchial epithelium to control the balance of inhibitory and activating signals is essential for orchestrating appropriate inflammatory and immune responses and for temporally modulating these responses to limit tissue injury and control the resolution of inflammation during tissue repair. In asthmatic patients abnormalities in many aspects of epithelial barrier function have been identified. We postulate that such abnormalities play a causal role in immune dysregulation in the airways by translating gene-environment interactions that underpin disease pathogenesis and exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Loxham
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and the Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sherenian MG, Cho SH, Levin A, Min JY, Oh SS, Hu D, Galanter J, Sen S, Huntsman S, Eng C, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Serebrisky D, Avila PC, Kalhan R, Smith LJ, Borrell LN, Seibold MA, Keoki Williams L, Burchard EG, Kumar R. PAI-1 gain-of-function genotype, factors increasing PAI-1 levels, and airway obstruction: The GALA II Cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1150-1158. [PMID: 28543872 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAI-1 gain-of-function variants promote airway fibrosis and are associated with asthma and with worse lung function in subjects with asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether the association of a gain-of-function polymorphism in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with airway obstruction is modified by asthma status, and whether any genotype effect persists after accounting for common exposures that increase PAI-1 level. METHODS We studied 2070 Latino children (8-21y) with genotypic and pulmonary function data from the GALA II cohort. We estimated the relationship of the PAI-1 risk allele with FEV1/FVC by multivariate linear regression, stratified by asthma status. We examined the association of the polymorphism with asthma and airway obstruction within asthmatics via multivariate logistic regression. We replicated associations in the SAPPHIRE cohort of African Americans (n=1056). Secondary analysis included the effect of the at-risk polymorphism on postbronchodilator lung function. RESULTS There was an interaction between asthma status and the PAI-1 polymorphism on FEV1 /FVC (P=.03). The gain-of-function variants, genotypes (AA/AG), were associated with lower FEV1 /FVC in subjects with asthma (β=-1.25, CI: -2.14,-0.35, P=.006), but not in controls. Subjects with asthma and the AA/AG genotypes had a 5% decrease in FEV1 /FVC (P<.001). In asthmatics, the risk genotype (AA/AG) was associated with a 39% increase in risk of clinically relevant airway obstruction (OR=1.39, CI: 1.01, 1.92, P=.04). These associations persisted after exclusion of factors that increase PAI-1 including tobacco exposure and obesity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The decrease in the FEV1 /FVC ratio associated with the risk genotype was modified by asthma status. The genotype increased the odds of airway obstruction by 75% within asthmatics only. As exposures known to increase PAI-1 levels did not mitigate this association, PAI-1 may contribute to airway obstruction in the context of chronic asthmatic airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Sherenian
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S H Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - A Levin
- Department of Public Health Science, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J-Y Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Galanter
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Sen
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, UTHSC, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - D Serebrisky
- Pediatric Pulmonary Division, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - P C Avila
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Kalhan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - M A Seibold
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Keoki Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.,Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - E G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Kumar
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barrios J, Patel KR, Aven L, Achey R, Minns MS, Lee Y, Trinkaus-Randall VE, Ai X. Early life allergen-induced mucus overproduction requires augmented neural stimulation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell secretion. FASEB J 2017; 31:4117-4128. [PMID: 28566470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700115r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are the only innervated airway epithelial cells. To what extent neural innervation regulates PNEC secretion and function is unknown. Here, we discover that neurotrophin 4 (NT4) plays an essential role in mucus overproduction after early life allergen exposure by orchestrating PNEC innervation and secretion of GABA. We found that PNECs were the only cellular source of GABA in airways. In addition, PNECs expressed NT4 as a target-derived mechanism underlying PNEC innervation during development. Early life allergen exposure elevated the level of NT4 and caused PNEC hyperinnervation and nodose neuron hyperactivity. Associated with aberrant PNEC innervation, the authors discovered that GABA hypersecretion was required for the induction of mucin Muc5ac expression. In contrast, NT4-/- mice were protected from allergen-induced mucus overproduction and changes along the nerve-PNEC axis without any defects in inflammation. Last, GABA installation restored mucus overproduction in NT4-/- mice after early life allergen exposure. Together, our findings provide the first evidence for NT4-dependent neural regulation of PNEC secretion of GABA in a neonatal disease model. Targeting the nerve-PNEC axis may be a valid treatment strategy for mucus overproduction in airway diseases, such as childhood asthma.-Barrios, J., Patel, K. R., Aven, L., Achey, R., Minns, M. S., Lee, Y., Trinkaus-Randall, V. E., Ai, X. Early life allergen-induced mucus overproduction requires augmented neural stimulation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Barrios
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kruti R Patel
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linh Aven
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Achey
- The Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin S Minns
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Carsin A, Mazenq J, Ilstad A, Dubus JC, Chanez P, Gras D. Bronchial epithelium in children: a key player in asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 25:158-69. [PMID: 27246593 PMCID: PMC9487245 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0101-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelium is a key element of the respiratory airways. It constitutes the interface between the environment and the host. It is a physical barrier with many chemical and immunological properties. The bronchial epithelium is abnormal in asthma, even in children. It represents a key component promoting airway inflammation and remodelling that can lead to chronic symptoms. In this review, we present an overview of bronchial epithelium and how to study it, with a specific focus on children. We report physical, chemical and immunological properties from ex vivo and in vitro studies. The responses to various deleterious agents, such as viruses or allergens, may lead to persistent abnormalities orchestrated by bronchial epithelial cells. As epithelium dysfunctions occur early in asthma, reprogramming the epithelium may represent an ambitious goal to induce asthma remission in children. Bronchial epithelium is a morphological and functional dysregulated gatekeeper in asthmatic childrenhttp://ow.ly/Y4MaM
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ania Carsin
- Unité de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, hôpital Timone-Enfants, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Mazenq
- Unité de Pneumologie Pédiatrique, hôpital Timone-Enfants, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandra Ilstad
- UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Dubus
- CNRS, URMITE 6236, CHU Timone-Enfants, Aix-Marseille Université, Unité de pneumologie et médecine infantile, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France Clinique des bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- UMR Inserm U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stefanowicz D, Ullah J, Lee K, Shaheen F, Olumese E, Fishbane N, Koo HK, Hallstrand TS, Knight DA, Hackett TL. Epigenetic modifying enzyme expression in asthmatic airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:24. [PMID: 28137284 PMCID: PMC5282738 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the airway epithelium as a central mediator in the pathogenesis of asthma has necessitated greater understanding of the aberrant cellular mechanisms of the epithelium in asthma. The architecture of chromatin is integral to the regulation of gene expression and is determined by modifications to the surrounding histones and DNA. The acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of histone tail residues has the potential to greatly alter the accessibility of DNA to the cells transcriptional machinery. DNA methylation can also interrupt binding of transcription factors and recruit chromatin remodelers resulting in general gene silencing. Although previous studies have found numerous irregularities in the expression of genes involved in asthma, the contribution of epigenetic regulation of these genes is less well known. We propose that the gene expression of epigenetic modifying enzymes is cell-specific and influenced by asthma status in tissues derived from the airways. METHODS Airway epithelial cells (AECs) isolated by pronase digestion or endobronchial brushings and airway fibroblasts obtained by outgrowth technique from healthy and asthmatic donors were maintained in monolayer culture. RNA was analyzed for the expression of 82 epigenetic enzymes across 5 families of epigenetic modifying enzymes. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were also used to examine expression of 3 genes. RESULTS Between AECs and airway fibroblasts, we identified cell-specific gene expression in each of the families of epigenetic modifying enzymes; specifically 24 of the 82 genes analyzed showed differential expression. We found that 6 histone modifiers in AECs and one in fibroblasts were differentially expressed in cells from asthmatic compared to healthy donors however, not all passed correction. In addition, we identified a corresponding increase in Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) protein expression in epithelial cells from asthmatics compared to those from non-asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have identified cell-specific variation in gene expression in each of the families of epigenetic modifying enzymes in airway epithelial cells and airway fibroblasts. These data provide insight into the cell-specific variation in epigenetic regulation which may be relevant to cell fate and function, and disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Stefanowicz
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jari Ullah
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kevin Lee
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Furquan Shaheen
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ekiomoado Olumese
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nick Fishbane
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Koo
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gohy ST, Hupin C, Pilette C, Ladjemi MZ. Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:529-42. [PMID: 27021118 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium plays a critical role for the maintenance of airway integrity and defense against inhaled particles. Physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance clears inhaled pathogens, allergens or toxics, to prevent continuous stimulation of adaptive immune responses. The "chemical barrier", consisting of several anti-microbial factors such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, constitutes another protective mechanism of the mucosae against external aggressions before adaptive immune response starts. The reconstruction of damaged respiratory epithelium is crucial to restore this barrier. This review examines the role of the airway epithelium through recent advances in health and chronic inflammatory diseases in the lower conducting airways (in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Better understanding of normal and altered epithelial functions continuously provides new insights into the physiopathology of chronic airway diseases and should help to identify new epithelial-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Gohy
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Hupin
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Z Ladjemi
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Elkhidir HS, Richards JB, Cromar KR, Bell CS, Price RE, Atkins CL, Spencer CY, Malik F, Alexander AL, Cockerill KJ, Haque IU, Johnston RA. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 does not contribute to the pulmonary pathology induced by acute exposure to ozone. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/18/e12983. [PMID: 27670409 PMCID: PMC5037925 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, the major physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is increased in the lung following inhalation of ozone (O3), a gaseous air pollutant. PAI-1 regulates expression of interleukin (IL)-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, which are cytokines that promote lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, and/or airway hyperresponsiveness following acute exposure to O3 Given these observations, we hypothesized that PAI-1 contributes to the severity of the aforementioned sequelae by regulating expression of IL-6, KC, and MIP-2 following acute exposure to O3 To test our hypothesis, wild-type mice and mice genetically deficient in PAI-1 (PAI-1-deficient mice) were acutely exposed to either filtered room air or O3 (2 ppm) for 3 h. Four and/or twenty-four hours following cessation of exposure, indices of lung injury [bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein and epithelial cells], pulmonary inflammation (BALF IL-6, KC, MIP-2, macrophages, and neutrophils), and airway responsiveness to aerosolized acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride (respiratory system resistance) were measured in wild-type and PAI-1-deficient mice. O3 significantly increased indices of lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, and airway responsiveness in wild-type and PAI-1-deficient mice. With the exception of MIP-2, which was significantly lower in PAI-1-deficient as compared to wild-type mice 24 h following cessation of exposure to O3, no other genotype-related differences occurred subsequent to O3 exposure. Thus, following acute exposure to O3, PAI-1 neither regulates pulmonary expression of IL-6 and KC nor functionally contributes to any of the pulmonary pathological sequelae that arise from the noxious effects of inhaled O3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza S Elkhidir
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy B Richards
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kevin R Cromar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Cynthia S Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Roger E Price
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Constance L Atkins
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantal Y Spencer
- Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhan Malik
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy L Alexander
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine J Cockerill
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ikram U Haque
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard A Johnston
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moheimani F, Hsu ACY, Reid AT, Williams T, Kicic A, Stick SM, Hansbro PM, Wark PAB, Knight DA. The genetic and epigenetic landscapes of the epithelium in asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:119. [PMID: 27658857 PMCID: PMC5034566 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a global health problem with increasing prevalence. The airway epithelium is the initial barrier against inhaled noxious agents or aeroallergens. In asthma, the airway epithelium suffers from structural and functional abnormalities and as such, is more susceptible to normally innocuous environmental stimuli. The epithelial structural and functional impairments are now recognised as a significant contributing factor to asthma pathogenesis. Both genetic and environmental risk factors play important roles in the development of asthma with an increasing number of genes associated with asthma susceptibility being expressed in airway epithelium. Epigenetic factors that regulate airway epithelial structure and function are also an attractive area for assessment of susceptibility to asthma. In this review we provide a comprehensive discussion on genetic factors; from using linkage designs and candidate gene association studies to genome-wide association studies and whole genome sequencing, and epigenetic factors; DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), in airway epithelial cells that are functionally associated with asthma pathogenesis. Our aims were to introduce potential predictors or therapeutic targets for asthma in airway epithelium. Overall, we found very small overlap in asthma susceptibility genes identified with different technologies. Some potential biomarkers are IRAKM, PCDH1, ORMDL3/GSDMB, IL-33, CDHR3 and CST1 in airway epithelial cells. Recent studies on epigenetic regulatory factors have further provided novel insights to the field, particularly their effect on regulation of some of the asthma susceptibility genes (e.g. methylation of ADAM33). Among the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, microRNA networks have been shown to regulate a major portion of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Particularly, miR-19a may have some therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Alan C-Y Hsu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Teresa Williams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, 6001, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kicic A, Stevens PT, Sutanto EN, Kicic-Starcevich E, Ling KM, Looi K, Martinovich KM, Garratt LW, Iosifidis T, Shaw NC, Buckley AG, Rigby PJ, Lannigan FJ, Knight DA, Stick SM. Impaired airway epithelial cell responses from children with asthma to rhinoviral infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1441-1455. [PMID: 27238549 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The airway epithelium forms an effective immune and physical barrier that is essential for protecting the lung from potentially harmful inhaled stimuli including viruses. Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection is a known trigger of asthma exacerbations, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between apoptotic, innate immune and inflammatory responses to HRV infection in airway epithelial cells (AECs) obtained from children with asthma and non-asthmatic controls. In addition, to test the hypothesis that aberrant repair of epithelium from asthmatics is further dysregulated by HRV infection. METHODS Airway epithelial brushings were obtained from 39 asthmatic and 36 non-asthmatic children. Primary cultures were established and exposed to HRV1b and HRV14. Virus receptor number, virus replication and progeny release were determined. Epithelial cell apoptosis, IFN-β production, inflammatory cytokine release and epithelial wound repair and proliferation were also measured. RESULTS Virus proliferation and release was greater in airway epithelial cells from asthmatics but this was not related to the number of virus receptors. In epithelial cells from asthmatic children, virus infection dampened apoptosis, reduced IFN-β production and increased inflammatory cytokine production. HRV1b infection also inhibited wound repair capacity of epithelial cells isolated from non-asthmatic children and exaggerated the defective repair response seen in epithelial cells from asthmatics. Addition of IFN-β restored apoptosis, suppressed virus replication and improved repair of airway epithelial cells from asthmatics but did not reduce inflammatory cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, HRV infection delays repair and inhibits apoptotic processes in epithelial cells from non-asthmatic and asthmatic children. The delayed repair is further exaggerated in cells from asthmatic children and is only partially reversed by exogenous IFN-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kicic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
| | - P T Stevens
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - E N Sutanto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - E Kicic-Starcevich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - K-M Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - K Looi
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - K M Martinovich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - L W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - T Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - N C Shaw
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - A G Buckley
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - P J Rigby
- Centre of Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - F J Lannigan
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - D A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S M Stick
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Papazian D, Würtzen PA, Hansen SWK. Polarized Airway Epithelial Models for Immunological Co-Culture Studies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:1-21. [PMID: 27240620 DOI: 10.1159/000445833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line all cavities and surfaces throughout the body and play a substantial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Asthma and other atopic diseases are increasing worldwide and allergic disorders are hypothesized to be a consequence of a combination of dysregulation of the epithelial response towards environmental antigens and genetic susceptibility, resulting in inflammation and T cell-derived immune responses. In vivo animal models have long been used to study immune homeostasis of the airways but are limited by species restriction and lack of exposure to a natural environment of both potential allergens and microflora. Limitations of these models prompt a need to develop new human cell-based in vitro models. A variety of co-culture systems for modelling the respiratory epithelium exist and are available to the scientific community. The models have become increasingly sophisticated and specific care needs to be taken with regard to cell types, culture medium and culture models, depending on the aim of the study. Although great strides have been made, there is still a need for further optimization, and optimally also for standardization, in order for in vitro co-culture models to become powerful tools in the discovery of key molecules dictating immunity and/or tolerance, and for understanding the complex interplay that takes place between mucosa, airway epithelium and resident or infiltrating immune cells. This review focuses on current knowledge and the advantages and limitations of the different cell types and culture methods used in co-culture models of the human airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dick Papazian
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ling KM, Sutanto EN, Iosifidis T, Kicic-Starcevich E, Looi K, Garratt LW, Martinovich KM, Lannigan FJ, Knight DA, Stick SM, Kicic A. Reduced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the repair of airway epithelial cells of children with asthma. Respirology 2016; 21:1219-26. [PMID: 27221564 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Evidence into the role of TGF-β1 in airway epithelial repair in asthma is still controversial. This study tested the hypothesis that the reduced TGF-β1 levels previously observed in paediatric asthmatic airway epithelial cells directly contribute to the dysregulated repair seen in these cells. METHODS Primary airway epithelial cells (pAEC) from children with asthma (n = 16) and non-asthmatic subjects (n = 20) were isolated, and subcultured for investigation of TGF-β1 gene and protein via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Expression of other associated genes such as integrins αvβ6, αvβ8 and MT1-MMP were also tested. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was employed to assess the role of TGF-β1 during wound repair. RESULTS TGF-β1 gene and protein expression were significantly downregulated in asthmatic pAEC over the course of repair, compared with cells from non-asthmatic children. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of TGF-β1 was also directly implicated in non-asthmatic and asthmatic pAEC proliferation over their quiescent counterparts. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TGF-β1 compromised repair in non-asthmatic pAEC and exacerbated the dysregulated repair seen in asthmatic pAEC. Expression of major TGF-β1 activators of epithelial cells, integrin αvβ6 and αvβ8 was also measured and there was no difference in αvβ6 gene expression between the two cohorts. Although integrin αvβ8 gene expression was significantly higher in asthmatic pAEC, the expression of MT1-MMP (MMP14) which facilitates the αvβ8 mediated TGF-β1 activation was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION Our data has highlighted the importance of TGF-β1 in pAEC wound repair in vitro. The significantly lower levels seen in asthmatic pAEC subsequently contributes to the dysregulated repair observed in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kak-Ming Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Erika N Sutanto
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kicic-Starcevich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Looi
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kelly M Martinovich
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francis J Lannigan
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. .,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. .,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Iosifidis T, Garratt LW, Coombe DR, Knight DA, Stick SM, Kicic A. Airway epithelial repair in health and disease: Orchestrator or simply a player? Respirology 2016; 21:438-48. [PMID: 26804630 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells represent the most important surface of contact in the body and form the first line of defence of the body to external environment. Consequently, epithelia have numerous roles in order to maintain a homeostatic defence barrier. Although the epithelium has been extensively studied over several decades, it remains the focus of new research, indicating a lack of understanding that continues to exist around these cells in specific disease settings. Importantly, evidence is emerging that airway epithelial cells in particular have varied complex functions rather than simple passive roles. One area of current interest is its role following injury. In particular, the epithelial-specific cellular mechanisms regulating their migration during wound repair remain poorly understood and remain an area that requires much needed investigation. A better understanding of the physiological, cellular and molecular wound repair mechanisms could assist in elucidating pathological processes that contribute to airway epithelial pathology. This review attempts to highlight migration-specific and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) aspects of repair used by epithelial cells under normal and disease settings, in the context of human airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Iosifidis
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deirdre R Coombe
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Science and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen M Stick
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mullins BJ, Kicic A, Ling KM, Mead-Hunter R, Larcombe AN. Biodiesel exhaust-induced cytotoxicity and proinflammatory mediator production in human airway epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:44-57. [PMID: 25045158 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of biodiesel has prompted research into the potential health effects of biodiesel exhaust exposure. Few studies directly compare the health consequences of mineral diesel, biodiesel, or blend exhaust exposures. Here, we exposed human epithelial cell cultures to diluted exhaust generated by the combustion of Australian ultralow-sulfur-diesel (ULSD), unprocessed canola oil, 100% canola biodiesel (B100), and a blend of 20% canola biodiesel mixed with 80% ULSD. The physicochemical characteristics of the exhaust were assessed and we compared cellular viability, apoptosis, and levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) in exposed cultured cells. Different fuel types produced significantly different amounts of exhaust gases and different particle characteristics. All exposures resulted in significant apoptosis and loss of viability when compared with control, with an increasing proportion of biodiesel being correlated with a decrease in viability. In most cases, exposure to exhaust resulted in an increase in mediator production, with the greatest increases most often in response to B100. Exposure to pure canola oil (PCO) exhaust did not increase mediator production, but resulted in a significant decrease in IL-8 and RANTES in some cases. Our results show that canola biodiesel exhaust exposure elicits inflammation and reduces viability of human epithelial cell cultures in vitro when compared with ULSD exhaust exposure. This may be related to an increase in particle surface area and number in B100 exhaust when compared with ULSD exhaust. Exposure to PCO exhaust elicited the greatest loss of cellular viability, but virtually no inflammatory response, likely due to an overall increase in average particle size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Mullins
- Fluid Dynamics Research Group, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Ryan Mead-Hunter
- Fluid Dynamics Research Group, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim SH. Airway epithelial cells in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu RM, Eldridge S, Watanabe N, Deshane J, Kuo HC, Jiang C, Wang Y, Liu G, Schwiebert L, Miyata T, Thannickal VJ. Therapeutic potential of an orally effective small molecule inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor for asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L328-36. [PMID: 26702150 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00217.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases. Although progress has been made in our understanding of airway pathology and many drugs are available to relieve asthma symptoms, there is no cure for chronic asthma. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a primary inhibitor of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators, has pleiotropic functions besides suppression of fibrinolysis. In this study, we show that administration of TM5275, an orally effective small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitor, 25 days after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization-challenge, significantly ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-induced chronic asthma model. Furthermore, we show that TM5275 administration significantly attenuated OVA-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), the increase in the levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), the production of mucin in the airways, and airway subepithelial fibrosis. Together, the results suggest that the PAI-1 inhibitor TM5275 may have therapeutic potential for asthma through suppressing eosinophilic allergic response and ameliorating airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
| | - Stephanie Eldridge
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nobuo Watanabe
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hui-Chien Kuo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lisa Schwiebert
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
McLellan K, Shields M, Power U, Turner S. Primary airway epithelial cell culture and asthma in children-lessons learnt and yet to come. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1393-405. [PMID: 26178976 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Until recently the airway epithelial cell (AEC) was considered a simple barrier that prevented entry of inhaled matter into the lung parenchyma. The AEC is now recognized as having an important role in the inflammatory response of the respiratory system to inhaled exposures, and abnormalities of these responses are thought to be important to asthma pathogenesis. This review first explores how the challenges of studying nasal and bronchial AECs in children have been addressed and then summarizes the results of studies of primary AEC function in children with and without asthma. There is good evidence that nasal AECs may be a suitable surrogate for the study of certain aspects of bronchial AEC function, although bronchial AECs remain the gold standard for asthma research. There are consistent differences between children with and without asthma for nasal and bronchial AEC mediator release following exposure to a range of pro-inflammatory stimulants including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-4, and IL-13. However, there are inconsistencies between studies, e.g., release of IL-6, an important pro-inflammatory cytokine, is not increased in children with asthma relative to controls in all studies. Future work should expand current understanding of the "upstream" signalling pathways in AEC, study AEC from children before the onset of asthma symptoms and in vitro models should be developed that replicate the in vivo status more completely, e.g., co-culture with dendritic cells. AECs are difficult to obtain from children and collaboration between centers is expected to yield meaningful advances in asthma understanding and ultimately help deliver novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty McLellan
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Shields
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ultan Power
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The bronchial epithelium is constantly exposed to a wide range of environmental materials present in inhaled air, including noxious gases and anthropogenic and natural particulates, such as gas and particles from car emissions, tobacco smoke, pollens, animal dander, and pathogens. As a fully differentiated, pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium, the bronchial epithelium protects the internal milieu of the lung from these agents by forming a physical barrier involving adhesive complexes and a chemical barrier involving secretion of mucus, which traps inhaled particles that can be cleared by the mucociliary escalator. It is a testament to the effectiveness of these two barriers that most environmental challenges are largely overcome without the need to develop an inflammatory response. However, as the initial cell of contact with the environment, the bronchial epithelium also plays a pivotal role in immune surveillance and appropriate activation of immune effector cells and antigen presenting cells in the presence of pathogens or other danger signals. Thus, the bronchial epithelium plays a central role in controlling tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. This review will discuss these barrier properties and how dysregulation of these homeostatic mechanisms can contribute to disease pathologies such as asthma.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun H, Mi X, Gao N, Yan C, Yu FS. Hyperglycemia-suppressed expression of Serpine1 contributes to delayed epithelial wound healing in diabetic mouse corneas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:3383-92. [PMID: 26024123 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk for developing corneal complications, including delayed wound healing. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression and the function of Serpine1 and other components of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)-proteolytic system in delayed epithelial wound healing in diabetic mouse corneas. METHODS Mice of the strain C57BL/6 were induced to develop diabetes by streptozotocin, and wound-healing assays were performed 10 weeks afterward. Gene expression and/or distribution were assessed by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and/or immunohistochemistry. The role of Serpine1 in mediating epithelial wound closure was determined by subconjunctival injections of neutralizing antibodies in either normal or recombinant protein in diabetic corneas. Enzyme assay for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 was also performed. RESULTS The expressions of Serpine1 (PAI-1), Plau (uPA), and Plaur (uPA receptor) were upregulated in response to wounding, and these upregulations were significantly suppressed by hyperglycemia. In healing epithelia, Plau and Serpine1 were abundantly expressed at the leading edge of the healing epithelia of normal and, to a lesser extent, diabetic corneas. Inhibition of Serpine1 delayed epithelial wound closure in normal corneas, whereas recombinant Serpine1 accelerated it in diabetic corneas. The Plau and MMP-3 mRNA levels and MMP-3 enzymatic activities were correlated to Serpine1 levels and/or the rates of epithelial wound closure. CONCLUSIONS Serpine1 plays a role in mediating epithelial wound healing and its impaired expression may contribute to delayed wound healing in DM corneas. Hence, modulating uPA proteolytic pathway may represent a new approach for treating diabetic keratopathy.
Collapse
|
44
|
Moheimani F, Roth HM, Cross J, Reid AT, Shaheen F, Warner SM, Hirota JA, Kicic A, Hallstrand TS, Kahn M, Stick SM, Hansbro PM, Hackett TL, Knight DA. Disruption of β-catenin/CBP signaling inhibits human airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition and repair. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 68:59-69. [PMID: 26315281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium of asthmatics is characterized by reduced expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of the basal cell markers ck-5 and p63 that is indicative of a relatively undifferentiated repairing epithelium. This phenotype correlates with increased proliferation, compromised wound healing and an enhanced capacity to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The transcription factor β-catenin plays a vital role in epithelial cell differentiation and regeneration, depending on the co-factor recruited. Transcriptional programs driven by the β-catenin/CBP axis are critical for maintaining an undifferentiated and proliferative state, whereas the β-catenin/p300 axis is associated with cell differentiation. We hypothesized that disrupting the β-catenin/CBP signaling axis would promote epithelial differentiation and inhibit EMT. We treated monolayer cultures of human airway epithelial cells with TGFβ1 in the presence or absence of the selective small molecule ICG-001 to inhibit β-catenin/CBP signaling. We used western blots to assess expression of an EMT signature, CBP, p300, β-catenin, fibronectin and ITGβ1 and scratch wound assays to assess epithelial cell migration. Snai-1 and -2 expressions were determined using q-PCR. Exposure to TGFβ1 induced EMT, characterized by reduced E-cadherin expression with increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin and EDA-fibronectin. Either co-treatment or therapeutic administration of ICG-001 completely inhibited TGFβ1-induced EMT. ICG-001 also reduced the expression of ck-5 and -19 independent of TGFβ1. Exposure to ICG-001 significantly inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and migration, coincident with a down regulation of ITGβ1 and fibronectin expression. These data support our hypothesis that modulating the β-catenin/CBP signaling axis plays a key role in epithelial plasticity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moheimani
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Hollis M Roth
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer Cross
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Furquan Shaheen
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Warner
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth 6001, Western Australia, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jenny RA, Hirst C, Lim SM, Goulburn AL, Micallef SJ, Labonne T, Kicic A, Ling KM, Stick SM, Ng ES, Trounson A, Giudice A, Elefanty AG, Stanley EG. Productive Infection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NKX2.1+ Respiratory Progenitors with Human Rhinovirus. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:603-14. [PMID: 25873746 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Airway epithelial cells generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a resource for research into a variety of human respiratory conditions, including those resulting from infection with common human pathogens. Using an NKX2.1-GFP reporter human embryonic stem cell line, we developed a serum-free protocol for the generation of NKX2.1(+) endoderm that, when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, matured into respiratory cell types identified by expression of CC10, MUC5AC, and surfactant proteins. Gene profiling experiments indicated that day 10 NKX2.1(+) endoderm expressed markers indicative of early foregut but lacked genes associated with later stages of respiratory epithelial cell differentiation. Nevertheless, NKX2.1(+) endoderm supported the infection and replication of the common respiratory pathogen human rhinovirus HRV1b. Moreover, NKX2.1(+) endoderm upregulated expression of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1B in response to infection, a characteristic of human airway epithelial cells. Our experiments provide proof of principle for the use of PSC-derived respiratory epithelial cells in the study of cell-virus interactions. SIGNIFICANCE This report provides proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating, for the first time, that human respiratory progenitor cells derived from stem cells in the laboratory can be productively infected with human rhinovirus, the predominant cause of the common cold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jenny
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Hirst
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Mei Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam L Goulburn
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Micallef
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya Labonne
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kak-Ming Ling
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen M Stick
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Ng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Trounson
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonietta Giudice
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Health Research, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Centre for Health Research, and Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Richie Centre, Monash Prince Henry's Medical Research Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Grainge CL, Davies DE. Epithelial injury and repair in airways diseases. Chest 2014; 144:1906-1912. [PMID: 24297122 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic disease characterized by variable respiratory distress with underlying airway inflammation and airflow obstruction. The incidence of asthma has risen inexorably over the past 50 years, suggesting that environmental factors are important in its etiology. All inhaled environmental stimuli interact with the lung at the respiratory epithelium, and it is a testament to the effectiveness of the airway innate defenses that the majority of inhaled substances are cleared without the need to elicit an inflammatory response. However, once this barrier is breached, effective communication with immune and inflammatory cells is required to protect the internal milieu of the lung. In asthma, the respiratory epithelium is known to be structurally and functionally abnormal. Structurally, the epithelium shows evidence of damage and has more mucus-producing cells than normal airways. Functionally, the airway epithelial barrier can be more permeable and more sensitive to oxidants and show a deficient innate immune response to respiratory virus infection compared with that in normal individuals. The potential of a susceptible epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme to create a microenvironment that enables deviation of immune and inflammatory responses to external stimuli may be crucial in the development and progression of asthma. In this review, we consider three important groups of environmental stimuli on the epithelium in asthma: oxidants, such as environmental pollution and acetaminophen; viruses, including rhinovirus; and agents that cause barrier disruption, such as house dust mite allergens. The pathology associated with each stimulus is considered, and potential future treatments arising from research on their effects are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Grainge
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England.
| | - Donna E Davies
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England; University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, England
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Miller D, Turner SW, Spiteri-Cornish D, McInnes N, Scaife A, Danielian PJ, Devereux G, Walsh GM. Culture of airway epithelial cells from neonates sampled within 48-hours of birth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78321. [PMID: 24223790 PMCID: PMC3817245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about how neonatal airway epithelial cell phenotype impacts on respiratory disease in later life. This study aimed to establish a methodology to culture and characterise neonatal nasal epithelial cells sampled from healthy, non-sedated infants within 48 hours of delivery. METHODS Nasal epithelial cells were sampled by brushing both nostrils with an interdental brush, grown to confluence and sub-cultured. Cultured cells were characterised morphologically by light and electron microscopy and by immunocytochemistry. As an exemplar pro-inflammatory chemokine, IL-8 concentrations were measured in supernatants from unstimulated monolayers and after exposure to IL-1β/TNF-α or house dust mite extract. RESULTS Primary cultures were successfully established in 135 (91%) of 149 neonatal samples seeded, with 79% (n = 117) successfully cultured to passage 3. The epithelial lineage of the cells was confirmed by morphological analysis and immunostaining. Constitutive IL-8 secretion was observed and was upregulated by IL-1β/TNF-α or house dust mite extract in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION We describe a safe, minimally invasive method of culturing nasal epithelial cells from neonates suitable for functional cell analysis offering an opportunity to study "naïve" cells that may prove useful in elucidating the role of the epithelium in the early origins of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Miller
- Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Steve W. Turner
- Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniella Spiteri-Cornish
- Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Neil McInnes
- Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Scaife
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Devereux
- Department of Child Health, Royal Aberdeen Children’s Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Garry M. Walsh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Noble PB, Jones RL, Cairncross A, Elliot JG, Mitchell HW, James AL, McFawn PK. Airway narrowing and bronchodilation to deep inspiration in bronchial segments from subjects with and without reported asthma. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1460-71. [PMID: 23493364 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01489.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study presents preliminary findings on how structural/functional abnormalities of the airway wall relate to excessive airway narrowing and reduced bronchodilatory response to deep inspiration (DI) in subjects with a history of asthma. Bronchial segments were acquired from subjects undergoing surgery, mostly to remove pulmonary neoplasms. Subjects reported prior doctor-diagnosed asthma ( n = 5) or had no history of asthma ( n = 8). In vitro airway narrowing in response to acetylcholine was assessed to determine maximal bronchoconstriction and sensitivity, under static conditions and during simulated tidal and DI maneuvers. Fixed airway segments were sectioned for measurement of airway wall dimensions, particularly the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Airways from subjects with a history of asthma had increased ASM ( P = 0.014), greater maximal airway narrowing under static conditions ( P = 0.003), but no change in sensitivity. Maximal airway narrowing was positively correlated with the area of the ASM layer ( r = 0.58, P = 0.039). In tidally oscillating airways, DI produced bronchodilation in airways from the control group ( P = 0.0001) and the group with a history of asthma ( P = 0.001). While bronchodilation to DI was reduced with increased airway narrowing ( P = 0.02; r = −0.64)), when the level of airway narrowing was matched, there was no difference in magnitude of bronchodilation to DI between groups. Results suggest that greater ASM mass in asthma contributes to exaggerated airway narrowing in vivo. In comparison, the airway wall in asthma may have a normal response to mechanical stretch during DI. We propose that increased maximal airway narrowing and the reduced bronchodilatory response to DI in asthma are independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Noble
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Jones
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alvenia Cairncross
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G. Elliot
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Howard W. Mitchell
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L. James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; and
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter K. McFawn
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hallstrand TS, Kippelen P, Larsson J, Bougault V, van Leeuwen JC, Driessen JMM, Brannan JD. Where to from here for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: the unanswered questions. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2013; 33:423-42, ix. [PMID: 23830134 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of epithelial injury is an unanswered question in those with established asthma and in elite athletes who develop features of asthma and exercise-induced bronchorestriction (EIB) after years of training. The movement of water in response to changes in osmolarity is likely to be an important signal to the epithelium that may be central to the onset of EIB. It is generally accepted that the mast cell and its mediators play a major role in EIB and the presence of eosinophils is likely to enhance EIB severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teal S Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Department of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356166, Seattle, WA 98195-6522, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stewart CE, Sayers I. Urokinase receptor orchestrates the plasminogen system in airway epithelial cell function. Lung 2013; 191:215-25. [PMID: 23408042 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-013-9450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The plasminogen system plays many roles in normal epithelial cell function, and components are elevated in diseases, such as cancer and asthma. The relative contribution of each component to epithelial function is unclear. We characterized normal cell function in airway epithelial cells with increased expression of selected pathway components. METHODS BEAS-2B R1 bronchial epithelial cells stably overexpressing membrane urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (muPAR), soluble spliced uPAR (ssuPAR), the ligand (uPA) or inhibitors (PAI1 or PAI2), were characterized for pathway expression. Cell function was examined using proliferation, apoptosis, and scratch wound assays. A549 alveolar epithelial cells overexpressing muPAR were similarly characterized and downstream plasmin activity, MMP-1, and MMP-9 measured. RESULTS Elevated expression of individual components led to changes in the plasminogen system expression profile, indicating coordinated regulation of the pathway. Increased muPAR expression augmented wound healing rate in BEAS-2B R1 and attenuated repair in A549 cells. Elevated expression of other system components had no effect on cell function in BEAS-2B R1 cells. This is the first study to investigate activity of the splice variant ssuPAR, with results suggesting that this variant plays a limited role in epithelial cell function in this model. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight muPAR as the critical molecule orchestrating effects of the plasminogen system on airway epithelial cell function. These data have implications for diseases, such as cancer and asthma, and suggest uPAR as the key therapeutic target for the pathway in approaches to alter epithelial cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceri E Stewart
- Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|