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Iwasaki J, Bzdyl NM, Lin-Sullivan DJM, Scheuplein NJ, Dueñas ME, de Jong E, Harmer NJ, Holzgrabe U, Sarkar-Tyson M. Inhibition of macrophage infectivity potentiator in Burkholderia pseudomallei suppresses pro-inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1353682. [PMID: 38590438 PMCID: PMC10999550 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1353682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a disease endemic in many tropical countries globally. Clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal septicemia, and thus the outcome of infection can depend on the host immune responses. The aims of this study were to firstly, characterize the macrophage immune response to B. pseudomallei and secondly, to determine whether the immune response was modified in the presence of novel inhibitors targeting the virulence factor, the macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) protein. We hypothesized that inhibition of Mip in B. pseudomallei would disarm the bacteria and result in a host beneficial immune response. Methods Murine macrophage J774A.1 cells were infected with B. pseudomallei K96243 in the presence of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the Mip protein. RNA-sequencing was performed on infected cells four hours post-infection. Secreted cytokines and lactose dehydrogenase were measured in cell culture supernatants 24 hours post-infection. Viable, intracellular B. pseudomallei in macrophages were also enumerated 24 hours post-infection. Results Global transcriptional profiling of macrophages infected with B. pseudomallei by RNA-seq demonstrated upregulation of immune-associated genes, in particular a significant enrichment of genes in the TNF signaling pathway. Treatment of B. pseudomallei-infected macrophages with the Mip inhibitor, AN_CH_37 resulted in a 5.3-fold reduction of il1b when compared to cells treated with DMSO, which the inhibitors were solubilized in. A statistically significant reduction in IL-1β levels in culture supernatants was seen 24 hours post-infection with AN_CH_37, as well as other pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-6 and TNF-α. Treatment with AN_CH_37 also reduced the survival of B. pseudomallei in macrophages after 24 hours which was accompanied by a significant reduction in B. pseudomallei-induced cytotoxicity as determined by lactate dehydrogenase release. Discussion These data highlight the potential to utilize Mip inhibitors in reducing potentially harmful pro-inflammatory responses resulting from B. pseudomallei infection in macrophages. This could be of significance since overstimulation of pro-inflammatory responses can result in immunopathology, tissue damage and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Iwasaki
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Bzdyl
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dion J. M. Lin-Sullivan
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Maria Emilia Dueñas
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Harmer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Living Systems Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Debowski AW, Bzdyl NM, Thomas DR, Scott NE, Jenkins CH, Iwasaki J, Kibble EA, Khoo CA, Scheuplein NJ, Seibel PM, Lohr T, Metters G, Bond CS, Norville IH, Stubbs KA, Harmer NJ, Holzgrabe U, Newton HJ, Sarkar-Tyson M. Macrophage infectivity potentiator protein, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, essential for Coxiella burnetii growth and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011491. [PMID: 37399210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes the debilitating disease Q fever, which affects both animals and humans. The only available human vaccine, Q-Vax, is effective but has a high risk of severe adverse reactions, limiting its use as a countermeasure to contain outbreaks. Therefore, it is essential to identify new drug targets to treat this infection. Macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) proteins catalyse the folding of proline-containing proteins through their peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity and have been shown to play an important role in the virulence of several pathogenic bacteria. To date the role of the Mip protein in C. burnetii pathogenesis has not been investigated. This study demonstrates that CbMip is likely to be an essential protein in C. burnetii. The pipecolic acid derived compounds, SF235 and AN296, which have shown utility in targeting other Mip proteins from pathogenic bacteria, demonstrate inhibitory activities against CbMip. These compounds were found to significantly inhibit intracellular replication of C. burnetii in both HeLa and THP-1 cells. Furthermore, SF235 and AN296 were also found to exhibit antibiotic properties against both the virulent (Phase I) and avirulent (Phase II) forms of C. burnetii Nine Mile Strain in axenic culture. Comparative proteomics, in the presence of AN296, revealed alterations in stress responses with H2O2 sensitivity assays validating that Mip inhibition increases the sensitivity of C. burnetii to oxidative stress. In addition, SF235 and AN296 were effective in vivo and significantly improved the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with C. burnetii. These results suggest that unlike in other bacteria, Mip in C. burnetii is required for replication and that the development of more potent inhibitors against CbMip is warranted and offer potential as novel therapeutics against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra W Debowski
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole M Bzdyl
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David R Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jua Iwasaki
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily A Kibble
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- DMTC Limited, Level 1, Kew, Australia
| | - Chen Ai Khoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicolas J Scheuplein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pamela M Seibel
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Theresa Lohr
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georgie Metters
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Isobel H Norville
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Harmer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Living Systems Institute, Stocker Road Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Iwasaki J, Lorimer DD, Vivoli-Vega M, Kibble EA, Peacock CS, Abendroth J, Mayclin SJ, Dranow DM, Pierce PG, Fox D, Lewis M, Bzdyl NM, Kristensen SS, Inglis TJJ, Kahler CM, Bond CS, Hasenkopf A, Seufert F, Schmitz J, Marshall LE, Scott AE, Norville IH, Myler PJ, Holzgrabe U, Harmer NJ, Sarkar-Tyson M. OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1625-1634. [PMID: 35245364 PMCID: PMC9155639 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jua Iwasaki
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Donald D. Lorimer
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Beryllium, Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Mirella Vivoli-Vega
- Department of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Living Systems Institute, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Emily A. Kibble
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- DMTC Limited, Level 2, 24 Wakefield St, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Christopher S. Peacock
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Jan Abendroth
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Beryllium, Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Stephen J. Mayclin
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Beryllium, Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - David M. Dranow
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Beryllium, Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Phillip G. Pierce
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Beryllium, Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - David Fox
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Beryllium, Inc., 7869 NE Day Road West, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Maria Lewis
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Nicole M. Bzdyl
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Sofie S. Kristensen
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Timothy J. J. Inglis
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charlene M. Kahler
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Charles S. Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Anja Hasenkopf
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Seufert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Schmitz
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura E. Marshall
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Andrew E. Scott
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Peter J. Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Harmer
- Department of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
- Living Systems Institute, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Albers GJ, Iwasaki J, McErlean P, Ogger PP, Ghai P, Khoyratty TE, Udalova IA, Lloyd CM, Byrne AJ. IRF5 regulates airway macrophage metabolic responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:134-143. [PMID: 33423291 PMCID: PMC7944363 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a master regulator of macrophage phenotype and a key transcription factor involved in expression of proinflammatory cytokine responses to microbial and viral infection. Here, we show that IRF5 controls cellular and metabolic responses. By integrating ChIP sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC)-seq data sets, we found that IRF5 directly regulates metabolic genes such as hexokinase-2 (Hk2). The interaction of IRF5 and metabolic genes had a functional consequence, as Irf5-/- airway macrophages but not bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were characterized by a quiescent metabolic phenotype at baseline and had reduced ability to utilize oxidative phosphorylation after Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 activation, in comparison to controls, ex vivo. In a murine model of influenza infection, IRF5 deficiency had no effect on viral load in comparison to wild-type controls but controlled metabolic responses to viral infection, as IRF5 deficiency led to reduced expression of Sirt6 and Hk2. Together, our data indicate that IRF5 is a key component of AM metabolic responses following influenza infection and TLR-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. J. Albers
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Iwasaki
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. McErlean
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. P. Ogger
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - P. Ghai
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - T. E. Khoyratty
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - I. A. Udalova
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - C. M. Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. J. Byrne
- Inflammation, Repair and Development SectionNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Andersson CK, Iwasaki J, Cook J, Robinson P, Nagakumar P, Mogren S, Fleming L, Bush A, Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Impaired airway epithelial cell wound-healing capacity is associated with airway remodelling following RSV infection in severe preschool wheeze. Allergy 2020; 75:3195-3207. [PMID: 32578219 DOI: 10.1111/all.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes exacerbations of asthma and preschool wheeze (PSW). However, the anti-viral and repair responses of the bronchial epithelium in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) and PSW are poorly understood. METHODS Children with STRA (age 12 [6-16] years), PSW (age 2 [1-5] years) and non-asthmatic controls (age 7 [2-14] years) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial brushings and biopsies. Anti-viral, wound injury responses were quantified in biopsies and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) in response to RSV, poly(I:C), house dust mite (HDM) or IL-33 using RT-qPCR, Luminex and live cell imaging. Collagen deposition and tissue expression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), IL-33 and receptor ST2 were investigated in bronchial biopsies. RESULTS PBECs from STRA and PSW had increased TLR3 gene expression and increased secretion of anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-13) in response to RSV compared to controls. Exposure of PBECs to concomitant TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) and HDM resulted in a significant reduction in epithelial cell proliferation in PSW compared to controls. Wound-healing was also impaired in PSW compared to controls at baseline and following IL-33 stimulation. In addition, tissue EGFR expression was significantly reduced in PSW and correlated with collagen deposition in endobronchial biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Despite increased anti-viral responses, preschool children with severe wheeze had impaired airway epithelial proliferative responses following damage. This might be connected to the low expression of EGFR in PSW which may affect epithelial function and contribute to asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia K. Andersson
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Cell Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Jua Iwasaki
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
| | - James Cook
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Polly Robinson
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Prasad Nagakumar
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Sofia Mogren
- Respiratory Cell Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Louise Fleming
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Sejal Saglani
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
- Respiratory Paediatricsthe Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College London
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Abeler-Dörner L, Laing AG, Lorenc A, Ushakov DS, Clare S, Speak AO, Duque-Correa MA, White JK, Ramirez-Solis R, Saran N, Bull KR, Morón B, Iwasaki J, Barton PR, Caetano S, Hng KI, Cambridge E, Forman S, Crockford TL, Griffiths M, Kane L, Harcourt K, Brandt C, Notley G, Babalola KO, Warren J, Mason JC, Meeniga A, Karp NA, Melvin D, Cawthorne E, Weinrick B, Rahim A, Drissler S, Meskas J, Yue A, Lux M, Song-Zhao GX, Chan A, Ballesteros Reviriego C, Abeler J, Wilson H, Przemska-Kosicka A, Edmans M, Strevens N, Pasztorek M, Meehan TF, Powrie F, Brinkman R, Dougan G, Jacobs W, Lloyd CM, Cornall RJ, Maloy KJ, Grencis RK, Griffiths GM, Adams DJ, Hayday AC. High-throughput phenotyping reveals expansive genetic and structural underpinnings of immune variation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:86-100. [PMID: 31844327 PMCID: PMC7338221 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
By developing a high-density murine immunophenotyping platform compatible with high-throughput genetic screening, we have established profound contributions of genetics and structure to immune variation (http://www.immunophenotype.org). Specifically, high-throughput phenotyping of 530 unique mouse gene knockouts identified 140 monogenic 'hits', of which most had no previous immunologic association. Furthermore, hits were collectively enriched in genes for which humans show poor tolerance to loss of function. The immunophenotyping platform also exposed dense correlation networks linking immune parameters with each other and with specific physiologic traits. Such linkages limit freedom of movement for individual immune parameters, thereby imposing genetically regulated 'immunologic structures', the integrity of which was associated with immunocompetence. Hence, we provide an expanded genetic resource and structural perspective for understanding and monitoring immune variation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam G Laing
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Lorenc
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Dmitry S Ushakov
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Namita Saran
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Belén Morón
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jua Iwasaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa R Barton
- Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susana Caetano
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Keng I Hng
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Forman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kolawole O Babalola
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jonathan Warren
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jeremy C Mason
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Amrutha Meeniga
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Natasha A Karp
- Data Sciences & Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Brian Weinrick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Albina Rahim
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sibyl Drissler
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justin Meskas
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alice Yue
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Markus Lux
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Anna Chan
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew Edmans
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Markus Pasztorek
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Terrence F Meehan
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hinxton, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Brinkman
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - William Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin J Maloy
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian M Griffiths
- Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adrian C Hayday
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Iwasaki J, Chai LY, Khoo SK, Bizzintino J, Laing IA, Le Souëf PN, Thomas WR, Hales BJ. Lower anti-echovirus antibody responses in children presenting to hospital with asthma exacerbations. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1523-30. [PMID: 25640320 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinoviruses from the Enterovirus genus cause frequent infections and induce remarkably high titres of anticapsid antigen antibodies in asthmatics, while the prevalence of neutralising antibodies to the gut-trophic echoviruses from the same genus is diminished. OBJECTIVE To assess the absolute and specific antibody titres to VP1 antigens of the gut-trophic enteroviruses, echovirus 30 and Sabin 1 poliovirus, in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children. METHODS Recombinant polypeptides representing the VP1 capsid antigens of echovirus 30 and Sabin poliovirus 1 were produced. Their ability to bind IgG1 antibodies from the plasma of asthmatic (n = 45) and non-asthmatic (n = 29) children were quantitated by immunoassays that incorporated immunoabsorptions to remove cross-reactivity. RESULTS The IgG1 antibody titres and prevalence of antibody binding to echovirus 30 were significantly lower for asthmatic children compared to controls (P < 0.05) and inversely correlated with total IgE levels for the whole study population (r = -0.262; P < 0.05). There was no difference in the prevalence and titre between groups to the VP1 antigen of Sabin poliovirus. Anti-tetanus toxoid titres measured for comparison did not correlate with anti-echovirus or poliovirus, but correlated with anti-rhinovirus titres in controls but not asthmatics, where the titres were higher for the asthmatic group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The associations of lower antibody titres of asthmatic children to echovirus reported here and those of our previous findings of a heightened response to rhinovirus suggest a dichotomy where respiratory enterovirus infection/immunity increases the probability of developing asthma and enteric infections lower the risk. This provides further support for the concept of intestinal infection playing a key role in the development of allergic respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iwasaki
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - L Y Chai
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S-K Khoo
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - J Bizzintino
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - I A Laing
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P N Le Souëf
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - W R Thomas
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - B J Hales
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Shibata K, Iwasaki J, Kanazawa N, Aizawa S, Tanigaki T, Shirai M, Nakajima T, Kubota M, Kawasaki M, Park HS, Shindo D, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y. Large anisotropic deformation of skyrmions in strained crystal. Nat Nanotechnol 2015; 10:589-592. [PMID: 26030654 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical control of magnetism is an important and promising approach in spintronics. To date, strain control has mostly been demonstrated in ferromagnetic structures by exploiting a change in magnetocrystalline anisotropy. It would be desirable to achieve large strain effects on magnetic nanostructures. Here, using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that anisotropic strain as small as 0.3% in a chiral magnet of FeGe induces very large deformations in magnetic skyrmions, as well as distortions of the skyrmion crystal lattice on the order of 20%. Skyrmions are stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, originating from a chiral crystal structure. Our results show that the change in the modulation of the strength of this interaction is amplified by two orders of magnitude with respect to changes in the crystal lattice due to an applied strain. Our findings may provide a mechanism to achieve strain control of topological magnetic structures based on the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shibata
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - J Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - N Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - S Aizawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Tanigaki
- 1] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan [2] Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan
| | - M Shirai
- Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan
| | - T Nakajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Kubota
- 1] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan [2] Research and Development Headquarters, ROHM Co., Ltd, Kyoto 615-8585, Japan
| | - M Kawasaki
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - H S Park
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Shindo
- 1] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan [2] Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - N Nagaosa
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- 1] Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan [2] RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
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9
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Iwasaki J, Smith WA, Khoo SK, Bizzintino J, Zhang G, Cox DW, Laing IA, Le Souëf PN, Thomas WR, Hales BJ. Comparison of rhinovirus antibody titers in children with asthma exacerbations and species-specific rhinovirus infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:25-32. [PMID: 24767874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma exacerbations are associated with human rhinovirus (HRV) infections, and more severe exacerbations are associated with HRV-C. We have previously shown that the HRV-C-specific antibody response is low in healthy adult sera and that most of the antibody to HRV-C is cross-reactive with HRV-A. OBJECTIVES To compare the antibody response to each HRV species in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children in whom the type of HRV infection was known. METHODS Total and specific IgG₁ binding to HRV viral capsid protein antigens of HRV-A, -B, and -C were tested in the plasma from nonasthmatic children (n = 47) and children presenting to the emergency department with asthma exacerbations (n = 96). HRV, found in most of the children at the time of their exacerbation (72%), was analyzed using molecular typing. RESULTS Asthmatic children had higher antibody responses to HRV. The titers specific to HRV-A, and to a lesser extent HRV-B, were higher than in nonasthmatic controls. The species-specific responses to HRV-C were markedly lower than titers to HRV-A and HRV-B in both asthmatic and nonasthmatic children (P < .001). The titers both at presentation and after convalescence were not associated with the HRV genotype detected during the exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS The higher total anti-HRV antibody titers of asthmatic children and their higher anti-HRV-A and -B titers show their development of a heightened antiviral immune response. The low species-specific HRV-C titers found in all groups, even when the virus was found, point to a different and possibly less efficacious immune response to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Iwasaki
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wendy-Anne Smith
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Siew-Kim Khoo
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joelene Bizzintino
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Guicheng Zhang
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Des W Cox
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ingrid A Laing
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter N Le Souëf
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wayne R Thomas
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Belinda J Hales
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Iwasaki J, Smith WA, Stone SR, Thomas WR, Hales BJ. Species-specific and cross-reactive IgG1 antibody binding to viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) antigens of human rhinovirus species A, B and C. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70552. [PMID: 23950960 PMCID: PMC3737412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are associated with upper and lower respiratory illnesses, including severe infections causing hospitalization in both children and adults. Although the clinical significance of HRV infections is now well established, no detailed investigation of the immune response against HRV has been performed. The purpose of this study was to assess the IgG1 antibody response to the three known HRV species, HRV-A, -B and -C in healthy subjects. Methods Recombinant polypeptides of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) from two genotypes of HRV-A, -B and -C were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins and purified by affinity and then size exclusion chromatography. The presence of secondary structures similar to the natural antigens was verified by circular dichroism analysis. Total and species-specific IgG1 measurements were quantitated by immunoassays and immunoabsorption using sera from 63 healthy adults. Results Most adult sera reacted with the HRV VP1 antigens, at high titres. As expected, strong cross-reactivity between HRV genotypes of the same species was found. A high degree of cross-reactivity between different HRV species was also evident, particularly between HRV-A and HRV-C. Immunoabsorption studies revealed HRV-C specific titres were markedly and significantly lower than the HRV-A and HRV-B specific titres (P<0.0001). A truncated construct of HRV-C VP1 showed greater specificity in detecting anti-HRV-C antibodies. Conclusions High titres of IgG1 antibody were bound by the VP1 capsid proteins of HRV-A, -B and -C, but for the majority of people, a large proportion of the antibody to HRV-C was cross-reactive, especially to HRV-A. The improved specificity found for the truncated HRV-C VP1 indicates species-specific and cross-reactive regions could be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jua Iwasaki
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wendy-Anne Smith
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shane R. Stone
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wayne R. Thomas
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Belinda J. Hales
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
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11
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Fujimoto N, Iwasaki J, Satoh T. Scrotal calcinosis may arise from cyst wall apoptosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:128-30. [PMID: 23495956 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorazawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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12
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Iwasaki J, Horiuchi T. Novel exposure system using light-emitting diodes and an optical fiber array for printing serial numbers and code marks. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:045115. [PMID: 22559584 DOI: 10.1063/1.3702796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Feasibility of a novel exposure system to print serial numbers and two-dimensional code marks was demonstrated. The new system used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) combined with an optical fiber matrix array as a light source. At first, as preparatory experiments, code mark patterns were printed using a prototype exposure system without using the optical fiber array but using the combination of arrayed LEDs with a central wavelength of 428 nm, spherical lenses, and rod lenses. Although the code mark patterns were successfully printed, it took too much exposure time. For this reason, bullet-type LEDs with a high power and a shorter wavelength of 405 nm were used and the optical fiber matrix array was adopted. Because the emitted light rays were efficiently taken into the fiber, and the resist sensitivity was improved, practically available short exposure time of less than 2 s was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iwasaki
- Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo 101-8457, Japan
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13
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Hori T, Ogura Y, Okamoto S, Nakajima A, Kami K, Iwasaki J, Yonekawa Y, Ogawa K, Oike F, Takada Y, Egawa H, Nguyen J, Uemoto S. Herpes simplex virus hepatitis after pediatric liver transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 12:353-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2009.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Iwasaki J, Yoshida Y, Yamamoto O, Tajima S. Poroma with Sebaceous Differentiation of the Eyelid: a Rare Site of Occurrence. Acta Derm Venereol 2008; 88:166-7. [DOI: 10.2340/00015555-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Short stature and low bodyweight are commonly encountered problems in the clinical follow up of premature infants. However, details about the underlying pathophysiology are unknown in these cases. METHODS Evaluations of growth and endocrine function were performed in 23 very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants between 11.3 and 14.3 years of age. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) scores for height and weight were -0.50+/-0.97 and -0.50+/-1.10 SD, respectively. Mean serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and urine growth hormone (GH) levels were 402+/-138 ng/mL and 18.0+/-17.5 pg/mg creatinine, respectively. Serum IGF-I and urine GH levels were within the normal range for all patients. The bone age values were consistent with the patient's true age. Physical signs of puberty were detected in 15 of 23 patients (65%). Using bone ages to predict final adult height yielded a score of -0.52+/-1.08 SD. CONCLUSIONS Despite the almost normal results of serum IGF-I, urine GH levels and bone age, the physical growth of these VLBW infants was less than that of normal birth weight children, as was their predicted adult growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Ooki H, Iwasaki Y, Iwasaki J. Differential interference contrast microscope with differential detection for optimizing image contrast. Appl Opt 1996; 35:2230-4. [PMID: 21085356 DOI: 10.1364/ao.35.002230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A laser scanning differential interference contrast microscope using a differential detection method is proposed. This microscope permits observers to control the differential image contrast with a simple operation. Utilizing this function, the observers are capable of obtaining the optimized differential image whose contrast is most favorable for observation. A simple theoretical analysis and experimental considerations are described.
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Abstract
The color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) technique was used to study the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in 13 infants with intracranial hemorrhage. CDFI was performed 46 times in 6 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) patients and 7 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with or without subdural hemorrhage during different stages. CSF flow was observed in 8 infants with IVH (5) or SAH (3) on CDFI. CSF flow in the aqueduct, third ventricle and foramen of Monro was visualized in both the upward and downward directions, primarily reflecting respiration and/or cardiac pulsation in the acute stage. It is suggested that CDFI may allow evaluation of the CSF flow dynamics and an early diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tatsuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Katoh S, Iwasaki J, Kohno H, Ohkubo Y. Epidermal growth factor stimulates the release of GDP induced by isoproterenol from isolated liver membrane. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1992; 76:63-73. [PMID: 1325662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated the release of GDP induced by isoproterenol from isolated liver membrane. This GDP release was not induced by EGF only. The stimulatory effect of EGF was dependent on the presence of Mg2+. These results suggests that EGF receptor indirectly couples with GS-protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Katoh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Tohoku College of Pharmacy, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Iwasaki J, Vann WF, Dilley DC, Anderson JA. An investigation of capnography and pulse oximetry as monitors of pediatric patients sedated for dental treatment. Pediatr Dent 1989; 11:111-7. [PMID: 2503818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional methods of monitoring sedated pediatric dental patients have major shortcomings. This study evaluated the use of capnography in conjunction with pulse oximetry for monitoring children during conscious sedation for dental treatment. The specific purposes of the study were to determine if capnography would: (1) detect ventilatory changes that subsequently cause an oxyhemoglobin desaturation as detected by pulse oximetry; and (2) detect an airway obstruction. Ten pediatric dental patients (mean age 2 years, 10 months) were sedated with 75 mg/kg of chloral hydrate in strict accordance with the Guidelines for the Elective Use of Conscious Sedation, Deep Sedation, and General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Academy of Pediatrics (1985). All patients were monitored continuously using both capnography and pulse oximetry. Analysis of data obtained using these monitors revealed that specific end-tidal CO2 values were not predictive for subsequent oxyhemoglobin desaturations and that capnography was very accurate in detecting complete obstruction of the airway. Pulse oximetry revealed that all patients had mild oxyhemoglobin desaturations and that 50% had moderate desaturations.
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20
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Kashio Y, Iwasaki J, Chihara K, Kaji H, Kita T, Okimura Y, Fujita T. Pituitary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in hyperthyroid- and hypothyroid-rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 131:122-8. [PMID: 2994643 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The binding of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy (26,27-methyl-[3H]) cholecalciferol ([3H]1,25-(OH)2D3) to its receptor in cytosol of the anterior pituitary cells was examined in hyperthyroid- and hypothyroid rats, as well as in normal rats. The binding capacity increased by 41% in L-Thyroxine-treated hyperthyroid rats and decreased by 49% in propylthiouracil-ingested hypothyroid rats as compared with normal control rats, whereas the affinity of the receptor for [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 showed no difference among these 3 animal groups. These findings indicate that the number of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors in the pituitary may be regulated by thyroid hormone, and further suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may play some role in regulating functions of the anterior pituitary.
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Kashio Y, Chihara K, Kaji H, Minamitani N, Kita T, Okimura Y, Abe H, Iwasaki J, Fujita T. Presence of growth hormone-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60:396-8. [PMID: 3917461 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-60-2-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoreactive human growth hormone-releasing factor (I-hGRF) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured by radioimmunoassay using antiserum specific to the C-terminal portion of hGRF(1-44)NH2. Dilution curves of I-hGRF in the CSF were completely parallel to that of synthetic hGRF(1-44)NH2 standard. On Sephadex G-50 column chromatography a single peak of I-hGRF in the CSF was eluted at the position of synthetic hGRF(1-44)NH2. I-hGRF was present in the CSF of all control patients without any endocrine disease (mean +/- SE, 29.3 +/- 2.0 pg/ml) whereas I-hGRF in the CSF was not detectable (less than 5.8 pg/ml) in any of the patients with hypothalamic germinoma. In all patients with idiopathic GH deficiency, I-hGRF in the CSF was measurable but its concentration (15.1 +/- 1.0 pg/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than that in the control subjects. No difference in I-hGRF levels of the CSF was observed between patients with acromegaly and control subjects. These findings demonstrate for the first time that I-hGRF is present in human CSF. Measurement of I-hGRF in the CSF may be useful for understanding the pathophysiology of hypothalamo-pituitary diseases.
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Freake HC, Iwasaki J, McCarthy DM. Specific uptake of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Res 1984; 44:3627-31. [PMID: 6331655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have examined mononuclear cell preparations from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] for binding of and response to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3]. Whole cells specifically took up [3H]-1,25-(OH)2D3 with high affinity (Kd 3.6 X 10(-11) M) and low capacity. Subcellular fractionation of labeled cells showed that binding was restricted to cytosols and nuclei. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of cells preincubated with [3H]-1,25-(OH)2D3 revealed a single 3.6S peak which was totally displaced with 100-fold excess nonradioactive hormone. However, we were unable to demonstrate specific binding of 1,25-(OH)2D3 by postlabeling standard cytosol preparations. In addition, cytosols prepared from a mixture of CML cells and 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor-positive T47D (human breast cancer) cells had less than 10% of the binding measured in T47D cytosol alone. However, the levels of binding in T47D cytosols were not reduced if the receptors were occupied with [3H]-1,25-(OH)2D3 prior to the addition of the CML cytosols. Thus, CML cells appear to contain both the receptor for 1,25-(OH)2D3 and an unknown substance which prevents its detection following the preparation of cytosol. Cells from patients with CML in the chronic phase specifically bound more 1,25-(OH)2D3 [18.0 +/- 3.2 (S.E.) fmol/10(7) cells] than did those in acute myeloid transformation [7.2 +/- 1.5] or than did cells from patients with acute myeloid leukemia [2.6 +/- 0.8]. Only cells from the first group of patients responded to the addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 by differentiating along the monocyte-macrophage pathway. We conclude that the differentiation-induction effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 is likely to depend on adequate levels of receptor and that intact cells rather than cytosol preparations should be studied before cells of a particular tissue are designated as receptor negative.
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Freake HC, Abeyasekera G, Iwasaki J, Marcocci C, MacIntyre I, McClelland RA, Skilton RA, Easton DF, Coombes RC. Measurement of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in breast cancer and their relationship to biochemical and clinical indices. Cancer Res 1984; 44:1677-81. [PMID: 6322984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both normal and malignant breast tissue contain the specific receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). A recent study has shown its presence in 80% of surgically removed breast tumors, although only at low levels. We have measured the 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor in breast tumors from 68 patients and have found it at similar frequency (75%) but at much higher concentrations (range, less than 1 to 30 fmol/mg protein). This receptor has the same characteristics as that measured in classic 1,25-(OH)2D3 target tissues and was distinguished by sucrose gradient centrifugation from plasma contaminants. Complete case histories and follow-up were available on 56 of these patients, and 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor status (less than 8 or greater than or equal to 8 fmol/mg protein) was not related to the level of estrogen receptors, menopausal status, T-stage or histology of tumors, or presence of 99mTc phosphate hot spots on bone scans. The lack of relationship between the level of 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors and other prognostic indicators suggests its potential as a new independent variable for assessing breast cancer patients. However, at this stage, 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor status did not result in any significant difference in probability of survival or metastasis-free survival. Assessment of the importance of this variable for treatment or outcome must await an increased number of patients and a longer time since surgery.
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Abstract
We examined ten cellular or tissue sources of lymphocytes for specific binding of 1,25(OH)2D3, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3. A specific-binding protein was found in three of these sources. Scatchard analysis of cytosol from a follicular lymphoma cell line revealed binding sites with a Kd of 7.0 X 10(-11) and a receptor concentration of 6.6 fmol/mg protein. Sucrose density centrifugation of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 labeled cytosol showed a 3.75 peak which was absent in cytosols incubated with excess nonradioactive 1,25(OH)2D3. The relative amounts of vitamin D3 metabolites required to displace 50% of the specifically bound 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 were 1,25(OH)2D3: 1,24,25(OH)3D3: 25(OH)D3: 24,25(OH)2D3 = 1: 180: 1000: 2700. Excess vitamin D3, cortisol, and estradiol failed to displace 3H-1,25(OH)2D3. Scatchard analysis of spleen cytosol from a patient with prolymphocytic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia demonstrated a binding protein with a Kd of 1.2 X 10(-10) and a receptor concentration of 0.2 fmol/mg protein. DNA cellulose binding confirmed the presence of the specific-binding protein in this cytosol. Specific binding of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 was also quantitated in a cell line from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma with a Kd of 0.3 X 10(-10) and a receptor concentration of 29.6 fmol/mg protein. No specific binding of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 was observed in lymphocytes from seven other malignant and nonmalignant sources. These results are the first to demonstrate a specific-binding protein for 1,25(OH)2D3 in lymphocytes from tissue and from these specific cell lines. The presence of this protein in some lymphocytes but not others may reflect the state of activation of the lymphocytes.
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Chihara K, Iwasaki J, Minamitani N, Kaji H, Kodama H, Fujita T, Shirataki K, Tamaki N, Matsumoto S. Prolactin secretion from human prolactinomas perifused in vitro: effect of TRH, prostaglandin E1, theophylline, dopamine and dopamine receptor blockers. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1984; 105:6-13. [PMID: 6421041 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1050006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the functional characteristics of prolactin (Prl)-producing adenoma cells, the effect of TRH, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), theophylline, dopamine and dopaminergic antagonists on Prl secretion was examined in vitro in perifused pituitary adenoma tissues obtained at surgery from 8 patients with prolactinoma. Perifusion with TRH at a concentration of 10(-6) to 10(-5) M resulted in a significant increase in effluent Prl levels in 3 of the 8 adenoma tissues. In the remaining 5 adenomas, TRH produced no effect on Prl release in vitro. On the other hand, PGE1 (10(-5) M) stimulated Prl secretion in 2 of the 4 adenomas examined. Addition of theophylline (5.5 mM) caused a marked increase of effluent Prl levels in all 8 prolactinomas regardless of the reactivity to TRH or PGE1. Dopamine (5 X 10(-7) M) suppressed Prl secretion from adenoma tissue in 5 of 7 patients tested but had no effect in the remaining two adenomas. When perifused simultaneously with dopamine, sulpiride (D2-selective dopamine receptor blocker, 5 X 10(-7) M) blocked the inhibitory effect of dopamine on Prl release in 3 of the 4 dopamine-sensitive prolactinomas. In one adenoma responsive to dopamine but resistant to sulpiride, YM-09151-2 (relatively specific D1-dopamine receptor blocker, 5 X 10(-7) M) antagonized the dopaminergic inhibition of Prl release. When perifused alone, neither sulpiride nor YM-09151-2 affected Prl release from any of the adenoma tissues tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
The human breast cancer cell line (T47D) has specific, high affinity calcitonin receptors and calcitonin-responsive adenylate cyclase. Human, salmon and [Asu1,7]eel calcitonin inhibited cell growth in a dose-related manner with almost equipotency. Analogues of human calcitonin demonstrated slight cell growth inhibition. We found extreme growth inhibition with daily treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10(-4) M). In contrast to calcitonin 1,25-(OH)2D3 had a biphasic effect on cell growth. Physiological doses (5 X 10(-10) M) of 1,25-(OH)2D3 stimulated growth of T47D, whereas treatment by supraphysiological amounts (2.5 X 10(-7) M) caused significant inhibition of growth. Calcitonin and 1,25-(OH)2D3 appeared to have additive effects.
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Minamitani N, Chihara K, Iwasaki J, Matsukura S, Fujita T. Attenuation by hypocalcemia of pulsatile growth hormone secretion in conscious male rats. Neuroendocrinology 1982; 35:405-10. [PMID: 6130487 DOI: 10.1159/000123416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hypocalcemia following parathyroidectomy (PTX) on growth hormone (GH) secretion was investigated in unrestrained, unanesthetized male rats bearing chronically implanted indwelling cannulae. During a 6-hour period, starting at about 10 a.m., control rats with a serum calcium (Ca) value of 8.11 +/- 0.38 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) 2 weeks after sham-operation showed secretory bursts of GH similar to those observed in conscious intact rats. Under hypocalcemia of 4.88 +/- 0.32 mg/dl 2 weeks after PTX, GH secretory episodes were completely suppressed throughout the study. Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were also decreased in PTX rats as compared with those of sham-operated rats. Daily food intake and body weight gain as well as serum T4 levels in PTX rats were not different from those of sham-operated and intact rats. Pituitary GH content of PTX rats was significantly lower than that of sham-operated and control rats. Pulsatile GH secretion was partially restored in PTX rats by raising serum Ca to 8.43 +/- 0.27 mg/dl through feeding with high Ca diet containing 7% Ca. Immediately after intravenous injection of antisomatostatin sheep serum, pulsatile GH surges recovered in PTX rats despite hypocalcemia of 4.48 +/- 0.74 mg/dl. The mean plasma 6-hour GH levels were significantly higher than those of normal sheep-serum-treated PTX rats (p less than 0.001). These findings suggest that the episodic release of GH is suppressed in hypocalcemic rats after PTX, at least partially via circulating endogenous somatostatin.
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Chihara K, Iwasaki J, Iwasaki Y, Minamitani N, Kaji H, Fujita T. Central nervous system effect of calcitonin: stimulation of prolactin release in rats. Brain Res 1982; 248:331-9. [PMID: 6215972 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(82)90591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Effect of [Asu 1,7]eel calcitonin (CT) on prolactin (PRL) release was examined in male rats under urethane anesthesia. Intravenous injection of 4-20 micrograms [Asu1,7]eel CT did not modify plasma PRL levels. Injections of 0.5-2.5 micrograms [Asu1,7]eel CT into the lateral ventricle produce a significant and dose-related increase of plasma PRL within 10 min of injection. When intraventricularly injected in an equimolar dose (0.74 nmol/10 microliters), eel CT11-32, eel CT15-32, [Asu1,7]eel CT1-16 and [Asu1,7]eel CT1-9 showed 44.8, 25.7, 19.9 and 10.1% the potencies of [Asu1,7]eel CT, respectively, in stimulating activity of PRL release. The rise of plasma PRL after [Asu1,7]eel CT injection were significantly less or abolished not only in hypothalamic-lesioned rats but also in rats with complete deafferentation. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg, 12 h before) but not with p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg, 72 and 24 h before) resulted in a suppression of [Asu1,7]eel CT-induced PRL release. These results suggest the following: first, PRL release is stimulated by centrally injected [Asu1,7]eel CT, the action site of which may exist in the extrahypothalamic area; second, brain catecholamines may be involved in the mechanism of [Asu1,7]eel CT-evoked PRL release; third, the C-terminal portion of the peptide may play an important role in stimulating PRL release.
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Shirataki K, Sumiyoshi H, Tamaki N, Matsumoto S, Iwasaki J, Chihara K, Yoshimoto Y, Fujita T, Okada S. [Pituitary oncocytoma--a clinical and, light and electron microscopical observation, with special reference to the pathological criteria and secretory function]. No To Shinkei 1982; 34:679-89. [PMID: 7138696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Chihara K, Iwasaki J, Minamitani N, Kaji H, Matsukura S, Tamaki N, Matsumoto S, Fujita T. Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on growth hormone secretion in perifused acromegalic pituitary adenoma tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 54:773-9. [PMID: 6120948 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-54-4-773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), dopamine, and somatostatin (SRIF) on GH secretion were examined in vitro in perifused pituitary adenoma tissues obtained at surgery from seven patients with acromegaly. The perifusion of VIP at 5 x 10(-8) M resulted in a significant increase in effluent GH levels in five of the seven adenomas. A dose-related GH response was observed from 5 x 10(-9) to 5 x 10(-7) M VIP in two adenomas examined. SRIF at 5 x 10(-8) to 10(-7) M suppressed not only baseline secretion of GH but also inhibited GH rises elicited by VIP in six of the seven adenomas. Dopamine at 5 x 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-6) M decreased the baseline secretion of GH in six of the seven adenomas. In four of the six adenomas responsive to dopamine, dopamine suppressed VIP-induced GH release when perifused simultaneously. In the remaining two dopamine-sensitive adenomas in which VIP alone failed to affect GH release, the inhibition by dopamine of GH release was blocked by VIP perifused concomitantly with dopamine. Synthetic TRH or theophylline perifused at the end of the experiment stimulated GH release in all of the adenomas, indicating the viability of tumor cells throughout the study. These results suggest that VIP stimulates GH release by its direct action on pituitary adenoma cells of acromegalic patients and that VIP, SRIF, and dopamine interact at the pituitary level in modulating GH secretion from these adenomas.
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Marcocci C, Freake HC, Iwasaki J, Lopez E, MacIntyre I. Demonstration and organ distribution of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-binding protein in fish (A. anguilla). Endocrinology 1982; 110:1347-54. [PMID: 6277600 DOI: 10.1210/endo-110-4-1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chihara K, Iwasaki J, Minamitani N, Kobayashi Y, Fujita T. Suppression by intravenous injection of [Asu(1),(7)]-Eel calcitonin of suckling-induced prolactin release in rats. Horm Metab Res 1981; 13:535-6. [PMID: 7298025 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Freake HC, Marcocci C, Iwasaki J, MacIntyre I. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 specifically binds to a human breast cancer cell line (T47D) and stimulates growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1981; 101:1131-8. [PMID: 6272774 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(81)91565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abe H, Chihara K, Minamitani N, Iwasaki J, Chiba T, Matsukura S, Fujita T. Stimulation by bombesin of immunoreactive somatostatin release into rat hypophysial portal blood. Endocrinology 1981; 109:229-34. [PMID: 6113130 DOI: 10.1210/endo-109-1-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bombesin was injected into the cerebral ventricle of male rats anesthetized with urethane to study its effect on plasma levels of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) in hypophysial portal and jugular blood. An intraventricular injection of bombesin (0.2 and 2 micrograms/rat) caused a significant and dose-related increase in plasma IRS in hypophysial portal blood but not in jugular blood. Although bombesin placed into the cerebral ventricle is known to stimulate glucagon and epinephrine release, an iv injection of glucagon (100 micrograms/100 g BW) or epinephrine (2.5 micrograms/100 g BW) did not cause any significant changes in plasma IRS levels in hypophysial portal and jugular blood, suggesting that these substances do not mediate bombesin stimulation of portal IRS release. Pretreatment with naloxone (75 micrograms/100 g BW, iv) failed to affect the portal IRS release induced by bombesin (2 micrograms/rat), indicating that the opiate receptor is not likely to be involved in this reaction. To ascertain whether IRS released by bombesin into hypophysial portal blood is biologically active, the effect of bombesin on the plasma GH level was then examined. Bombesin (2 micrograms/rat) injected intraventricularly completely suppressed the rise of plasma GH after the intraventricular injection of beta-endorphin (1 microgram/rat) or the iv injection of prostaglandin E1 (5 micrograms/100 g BW). Bombesin thus appears to stimulate the secretion of IRS, and probably biologically active somatostatin as well, from the hypothalamus into hypophysial portal blood, thereby inhibiting GH release from the anterior pituitary.
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Isobe T, Tsunenari T, Yamanishi J, Itoh T, Tsutsumi M, Iwasaki J, Matsumoto J, Yamauchi Y, Tsuboi S, Fujita T, Nakamura M, Yamaguchi N. [A case of cold agglutinin syndrome (author's transl)]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1980; 21:1415-9. [PMID: 7452926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Synthetic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) administered either intraventricularly or iv caused a significant and dose-related increase in plasma PRL levels in urethane-anesthetized rats. The administration of naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, significantly blunted the plasma PRL response to VIP. Increases in plasma PRL induced by VIP were also significantly suppressed by L-dopa, a precursor of dopamine, whereas pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, diphenhydramine, a histamine antagonist, and cyproheptadine, an antiserotoninergic agent, did not affect the plasma PRL response to VIP. In in vitro experiments, VIP alone did not stimulate PRL release from cultured pituitary cells, but it significantly attenuated the inhibitory action of dopamine, which was not blocked by naloxone. These results suggest that VIP stimulates rat PRL secretion, at least in part, through activation of an opiate receptor in the central nervous system and by blocking the inhibitory action of a dopaminergic mechanism at the pituitary level.
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Kato Y, Chihara K, Abe H, Iwasaki J, Iwasaki Y. [Effects of biogenic amines and related neurotransmitter substances on the secretion of growth hormone]. Horumon To Rinsho 1977; 25:269-76. [PMID: 16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tsuzuki M, Matsuo T, Ishibashi T, Iwasaki J, Suzuki K. [Laboratory and clinical studies on clindamycin in oral surgery]. Nihon Koku Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1971; 17:165-71. [PMID: 5287255 DOI: 10.5794/jjoms.17.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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