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Cheng HY, Lin CF, Anggelia MR, Lai PC, Shih LY, Liu SC, Wei FC, Lin CH. Reciprocal Donor-Recipient Strain Combinations Present Different Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Outcomes in Rodent Models. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 151:1220-1231. [PMID: 36508453 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has been the focus of many animal studies, further research is needed to determine the potential for a generalized model and immunosuppression regimen that applies across different donor-recipient combinations. In this study, the authors evaluated the outcome of VCAs performed on reciprocal rodent donor-recipient combinations. METHODS VCA was performed in rats using Lewis and Brown Norway (BN) donor-recipient pairs, under the previously reported antilymphocyte serum/cyclosporine/adipose-derived stem cell regimen. Similarly, a published co-stimulatory blockade/rapamycin regimen was performed on the mouse VCA model between Balb/C and C57BL/6 strains. RESULTS To accommodate the active behaviors of BN recipients, the allograft had to be modified and inset to the neck instead of to the groin. The tolerogenic regimen did not provide the same benefits for BN rats as it did for Lewis recipients. Increasing antilymphocyte serum dose and extending the duration of cyclosporine administration from 10 to 21 days significantly prolonged allograft survival and induced donor-specific tolerance. In mice, the co-stimulatory blockade/rapamycin regimen produced inferior VCA outcomes in BALB/c recipients than in C57BL/6 recipients. In both rats and mice, the authors identified an association between the tolerance outcome and the peripheral chimerism measured on postoperative day 30. CONCLUSIONS Reciprocal donor-recipient combinations led to different responses toward the immunosuppression regimen and varied VCA outcomes. Sustained donor chimerism that remained in circulation for 1 month after surgery supported long-term VCA survival. Modification of the model and immunosuppression regimen accordingly is recommended. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Various donor-recipient combinations respond differently to the immunosuppression regimens. Maintaining donor chimerism for 30 days after surgery improves VCA survival. It is recommended to tailor the immunosuppression regimen based on the recipient's background to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Ling-Yi Shih
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Shiao-Chin Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Fu-Chan Wei
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- From the Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung Medical College and Chang Gung University
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Yu E, Ueta H, Kimura H, Kitazawa Y, Sawanobori Y, Matsuno K. Graft-Versus-Host Disease Following Liver Transplantation: Development of a High-Incidence Rat Model and a Selective Prevention Method. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:979-991. [PMID: 27732765 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following liver transplantation (LT) is a rare but serious complication with no presently available animal model and no preventive measures. To develop a rat model of GvHD after LT (LT-GvHD), we preconditioned hosts with sublethal irradiation plus reduction of natural killer (NK) cells with anti-CD8α mAb treatment, which invariably resulted in acute LT-GvHD. Compared with those in the peripheral counterpart, graft CD4+ CD25- passenger T cells showed lower alloreactivities in mixed leukocyte culture. Immunohistology revealed that donor CD4+ T cells migrated and formed clusters with host dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs, with early expansion and subsequent accumulation in target organs. For selectively preventing GvHD, donor livers were perfused ex vivo with organ preservation media containing anti-TCRαβ mAb. T cell-depleted livers almost completely suppressed clinical GvHD such that host rats survived for >100 days. Our results showed that passenger T cells could develop typical LT-GvHD if resistant cells such as host radiosensitive cells and host radioresistant NK cells were suppressed. Selective ex vivo T cell depletion prevented LT-GvHD without affecting host immunity or graft function. This method might be applicable to clinical LT in prediagnosed high-risk donor-recipient combinations and for analyzing immunoregulatory mechanisms of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - H Ueta
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - H Kimura
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Kitazawa
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Sawanobori
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - K Matsuno
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Hernandez F, Andres AM, Encinas JL, Domínguez E, Gamez M, Murcia FJ, Leal N, Martinez L, Molina M, Ramos E, Sarria J, Martinez-Ojinaga E, Prieto G, Frauca E, Lopez-Santamaria M. Preservation of the native spleen in multivisceral transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:556-60. [PMID: 23890077 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The native spleen is usually removed in patients undergoing MTV. The consequential asplenic state is associated with a high risk of sepsis, especially in immunosuppressed children. In contrast, the inclusion of an allogeneic spleen in multivisceral grafts has been associated with a high incidence of GVHD. We propose an alternative technique for patients undergoing MTV, consisting of the preservation of the native spleen. This approach avoids the additional risk of infection that characterizes the asplenic state without the detrimental side effects of the allogeneic spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
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Donor-derived bone marrow transfusion produces mixed chimerism and promotes a Th2 shift in Th1/Th2 balance in rat heterotopic small bowel transplantation. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44:988-94. [PMID: 22954489 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In this study, we investigated immunomodulatory effects of donor-derived bone marrow transfusion in rat heterotopic small bowel transplantation. METHODS Rat heterotopic segmental small bowel transplantation models (male Brown Norway to female Lewis) were established. The recipients were randomly divided into control group (pute small bowel transplantation), tacrolimus group (small bowel transplantation plus oral tacrolimus) and small bowel transplantation plus oral tacrolimus and intraportal infusion of donor-derived bone marrow cells group. We investigated the survival time, graft pathologic injuries and rejection grade by haematoxylin-eosin staining, serum IL-2 and IL-10 detection by enzyme labelled immunosorbent assay after small bowel transplantation. The recipients mixed chimerism were observed by detecting sex-determining region of Y chromosome gene in blood, liver, spleen and intestine by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Bone marrow cells group showed a superior survival than the other groups, accompanied by milder pathologic injuries and lower rejection grade, decreasing serum IL-2 and increasing serum IL-10. The recipient chimerism rate in blood, liver, spleen and intestine in bone marrow cells group was significantly higher than the other groups. CONCLUSION Transfusion of donor-derived bone marrow cells via portal vein induces mixed chimerism in rats after small bowel transplantation, which may promote a Th2 shift in Th1/Th2 balance and facilitate the induction of immune tolerance.
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Song J, Hagiya H, Kurata H, Mizuno H, Ito T. Prevention of GVHD and graft rejection by a new S1P receptor agonist, W-061, in rat small bowel transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2012; 26:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ihara Y, Miyagawa S, Hasegawa T, Kimura T, Xu H, Fukuzawa M. Effect of blocking the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in a rat small intestinal transplantation model. Transpl Immunol 2007; 17:271-7. [PMID: 17493530 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2007.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of blocking the expression of the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) in a graft by an antibody, and immunohistochemical changes in the graft were monitored, using a rat small intestinal transplantation model. Dark Agouti (DA) rat small intestines were heterotopically transplanted into Lewis (LEW) rats. The graft was treated with or without an anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody, F(ab')(2), during the operation. The survival of the grafts and histological changes, such as lymphocyte infiltration and destruction of the intestinal architecture in epithelium villus thickness, villus height and submucosal thickness of the graft, were examined. The expression of MAdCAM-1 and beta 7 integrin in the graft was also checked by immunostaining. Furthermore, graft infiltrating lymphocytes, in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP) were measured by FACS analysis. Survival was prolonged in the DA graft with anti-MAdCAM-1 F(ab')(2) treatment; DA to LEW: 7.0+/-3.3, DA to LEW with the antibody: 24.6+/-8.4 days (p<0.05). Histological findings and scoring of the grafts were consistent with this conclusion. Moreover, MAdCAM-1 expression itself was suppressed in grafts of the antibody-treated group. While a FACS analysis showed no difference in the % of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the PP of the graft, CD4+ T cells in the MLN of the antibody-treated graft were significantly low. A strategy directed at blocking the adhesion molecule, MAdCAM-1, in the small intestinal grafts could be useful in the prevention of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Ihara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Song J, Ito T, Matsuda C, Miao G, Tanemura M, Nishida T, Nozawa M, Matsuda H, Sawa Y. Inhibition of donor-derived T cells trafficking into target organs by FTY720 during acute graft-versus-host disease in small bowel transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 146:85-92. [PMID: 16968402 PMCID: PMC1809734 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In small bowel transplantation (SBTx), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is mediated by donor-derived T cells recognizing host major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens, and represents an important immunological event influencing life in experimental and clinical situations. We evaluated the possibility that a new sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist, FTY720, could diminish GVHD in a rat SBTx model through traffic alteration of donor-derived T cells in target organs. Heterotopic SBTx was performed using a parent (WF)-into-F(1) (WF x ACI) rat combination. Recipient survival, body weight, histopathology, donor-derived T cell subpopulation and cytokine production were compared with untreated controls. FTY720 inhibited lethality and histopathological changes in target organs when administered at 0.5 mg/kg, possibly due to sequestration of donor-derived T cells in the intestinal graft. FTY720 caused a significant reduction in donor T cell numbers in target organs by promoting these cells to home into donor, but not recipient, secondary lymphoid tissues. FTY720 significantly decreased production of interferon (IFN)-gamma in target organs. These findings indicate that FTY720 effectively reduced recirculation of activated donor-derived T cells and recruitment to target organs in GVHD, and was also associated with down-regulated IFN-gamma production. These properties may offer the potential to treat ongoing GVHD in SBTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Surgery (E1), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Song J, Ito T, Matsuda C, Tanemura M, Nishida T, Nozawa M, Sawa Y. Regulation of Donor T Cells in the Tolerant Rats to Graft-Versus-Host Disease by FTY720 Following Small Bowel Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3181-3. [PMID: 17175216 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The potency of immunosuppression is a critical factor in small bowel transplantation (SBTx). FTY720 altered lymphocyte trafficking and prevented the donor T cells from migrating into target organs, resulting in the prolongation of recipient survival in acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of SBTx. However, the effect of FTY720 on donor T cells in the chronic phase of GVHD following SBTx remains unclear. METHODS Heterotopic SBTx was performed in a WF-to-F1 (WF x ACI) rat combination. Recipients were given FTY720 for 14 days after SBTx. The subpopulations of donor-derived T cells and the cytokine production in the target tissues were evaluated on postoperative day 150. RESULTS FTY720 treatment significantly prolonged recipient survival over 150 days without any clinical signs of GVHD. The numbers of donor-derived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches of recipients were maintained at low levels on postoperative 150, which were almost similar to the levels on postoperative day 14. In the host lamina propria, however, a significant higher number of donor T cells (CD4+, 18.4 +/- 4.3 x 10(4); CD8+, 13.9 +/- 3.6 x 10(4)) were still observed on postoperative day 150. Production of interferon-gamma was significantly reduced in target tissues by FTY720 treatment both in the acute and chronic phase. However, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production, which was significantly higher on day 14, returned to the level of naive rats in the chronic phase. CONCLUSIONS A 14-day treatment of FTY720 induced tolerance in our SBTx model. Down-regulation of both Th1 and Th2 immune response was observed in the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Surgery (E1) Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Dor FJMF, Tseng YL, Kuwaki K, Gollackner B, Ramirez ML, Prabharasuth DD, Cina RA, Knosalla C, Nuhn MG, Houser SL, Huang CA, Ko DSC, Cooper DKC. Immunological Unresponsiveness in Chimeric Miniature Swine following MHC-Mismatched Spleen Transplantation. Transplantation 2005; 80:1791-804. [PMID: 16378076 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000184625.27076.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodents, spleen allotransplantation (SpTx) induces tolerance. We investigated the induction of chimerism and donor-specific unresponsiveness following pig SpTx. METHODS Thirteen pigs underwent splenectomy (day 0); all received a blood transfusion. In 11/13 pigs, SpTx was performed across a MHC class I (n=1) or full (n=10) barrier; two control pigs received no SpTx. All pigs were monitored for chimerism, and anti-donor immune responses, including suppressor assays. Four pigs (two asplenic controls and two with SpTx) underwent delayed donor-matched kidney transplantation without immunosuppression. RESULTS Six of the 11 spleen grafts were lost from rejection (n=5) or splenic vein thrombosis (n=1), and five remained viable. All 11 SpTx recipients developed multilineage chimerism, but chimerism was rapidly lost if the graft failed. Two control pigs showed <6% blood chimerism for 4 and 11 days only. Pigs with functioning spleen grafts had multilineage chimerism in blood, thymus and bone marrow for at least 2-6 months, without graft-versus-host disease. These pigs developed in vitro donor-specific hyporesponsiveness and suppression. In 2 pigs tolerant to the spleen graft, donor MHC-matched kidney grafts survived for >4 and >7 months in the absence of exogenous immunosuppression; in two asplenic pigs, kidney grafts were rejected on days 4 and 15. CONCLUSIONS Successful SpTx can result in hematopoietic cell engraftment and in vitro donor-specific unresponsiveness, enabling prolonged survival of subsequent donor-matched kidney grafts without immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J M F Dor
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sheng Sun D, Iwagaki H, Ozaki M, Ogino T, Kusaka S, Fujimoto Y, Murata H, Sadamori H, Matsukawa H, Tanaka N, Yagi T. Prolonged survival of donor-specific rat intestinal allograft by administration of bone-marrow-derived immature dendritic cells. Transpl Immunol 2005; 14:17-20. [PMID: 15814277 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that intraportal administration of donor antigens induced donor-specific hyporesponsiveness. We studied here the effects of transplantation of BM-derived immature dendritic cells (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) via portal vein on rat small intestinal allograft survival. This study comprised four treatment groups: 1) untreated controls; 2) FK506 alone; 3) intraportal donor-specific BM-derived imDCs transplantation+FK506; 4) mDCs/Tx+FK506. Allograft survival was minimal in control group (5.2+/-0.8 days) and maximal in imDC+FK506 group (28.4+/-3.0 days). The rats in mDC+FK506 group showed systemic inflammatory reaction due to GVHR, and died within 10 days after transplantation. The in vitro MLR reaction using imDCs was also strongly inhibited both in direct and indirect recognition pathways. The impact of imDCs for the specific induction of transplant tolerance may suggest that immunization with donor-specific imDCs has therapeutic potential in organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sheng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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11
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Mitsuoka N, Iwagaki H, Ozaki M, Sheng SD, Sadamori H, Matsukawa H, Morimoto Y, Matsuoka J, Tanaka N, Yagi T. The impact of portal infusion with donor-derived bone marrow cells and intracellular cytokine expression of graft-infiltrating lymphocytes on the graft survival in rat small bowel transplant model. Transpl Immunol 2004; 13:155-60. [PMID: 15381197 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraportal administration of alloantigen is reported to reduce antigen-specific immune responses, although the underlying mechanisms for the reduced immunological reactions, especially those of the graft, are poorly understood. We examined intracellular cytokine production by graft-infiltrating lymphocytes (GILs) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of beneficial effects on intraportal infusion of donor cells in rat small bowel transplantation (SBT). METHODS Recipient rats (Lewis) were transplanted with small bowel from ACI rats. Tacrolimus (Tac) was injected daily from days 0 to 4. Bone marrow cells of ACI rats were infused via the portal or tail vein on the day of surgery. On day 5, both GILs and PBLs collected from SBT graft and peripheral blood, respectively, were analyzed for intracellular cytokine production of recipient-derived alphabeta-T cells. The Th1/Th2 balance in each group was designated as the ratio of the percentage of GILs or PBLs staining positive for intracellular IL-4 or IFN-gamma, respectively. The total cell numbers of GILs from SBT graft were also counted. RESULTS Survival of recipients was markedly prolonged by the combination of Tac and donor-specific bone marrow infusion via the portal vein (DSBMI-PV-Tac) compared with the untreated control, Tac alone, or DSBMI tail vein plus Tac. DSBMI-PV-Tac significantly decreased the total cell numbers of GILs and also induced remarkable Th2-type response in GILs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DSBMI-PV-Tac decreased GILs and enhanced Th2-type response in SBT graft, both of which are associated with a significant prolongation of graft survival in SBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Mitsuoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata, 700-8558, Japan
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12
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Sun DS, Yagi T, Oyama T, Matsukawa H, Matsuda H, Sadamori H, Inagaki M, Matsuoka J, Iwagaki H, Tanaka N. Intraportal donor bone marrow transplantation improves intestinal allograft survival in rats under FK506-based immunosuppression. J Int Med Res 2003; 31:281-9. [PMID: 12964503 DOI: 10.1177/147323000303100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific immunosuppression is important in transplant surgery. We examined the effect of intraportal donor-specific bone marrow transplantation on heterotopic small bowel transplantation in the high responder rat combination, ACI to Lewis. The study comprised five treatment groups: untreated controls (group 1); FK506 alone (group 2); low-dose predonine + FK506 (group 3); high-dose predonine + FK506 (group 4); and intraportal donor-specific bone marrow transplantation + FK506 (group 5). Intraportal transplantation was performed pre-operatively and FK506 and predonine given post-operatively. Intestinal allograft survival and changes of intragraft cytokine expression were analysed using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Allograft survival (mean +/- SD) was lowest in group 1 and greatest in group 5. The group 5 treatment regimen also down-regulated interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 transcription in the transplanted intestine. Intraportal donor bone marrow transplant combined with FK506 immunosuppression was found therefore to be the most beneficial treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Sun
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplant, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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13
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Dor FJ, Gollackner B, Cooper DK. Can spleen transplantation induce tolerance? A review of the literature. Transpl Int 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2003.tb00332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Inoue S, Tahara K, Sakuma Y, Hori T, Uchida H, Hakamada Y, Murakami T, Takahashi M, Kawarasaki H, Hashizume K, Kaneko M, Kobayashi E. Impact of graft length on surgical damage after intestinal transplantation in rats. Transpl Immunol 2003; 11:207-14. [PMID: 12799205 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(03)00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal grafts greatly affect nutrition and immunology in the host. The growth of the recipient and incidence of graft-versus-host disease depend on graft length. A larger graft may affect the host immune system, but little is known about how the length of the intestinal graft severely affects surgical intervention. We developed a cervical small bowel transplantation (SBT) rat model that minimized technical variations using a cuff method and studied the effects of graft length on surgical damage in SBT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We transplanted a whole (70 cm) or partial (15 cm) intestine into a syngeneic rat combination of LEW (MHC haplotype: RT1(l)) to LEW and evaluated changes in perioperative hemodynamics and the endogenous endotoxin level. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in the peripheral blood and the immunologic response of the recipient spleen were also studied. RESULTS In the whole SBT model, body weight loss was more severe than in the segmental SBT model; the rats in the former model often died, while all in the latter survived indefinitely. The systemic blood pressure markedly decreased in the whole SBT group immediately after reperfusion. The proliferative activity of splenic lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A was also more severely inhibited in the former model than in the latter postoperatively. NK cell activity in the whole SBT rats declined more severely than the segmental SBT rats 3 days postoperatively. CONCLUSION The longer graft severely induced surgical intervention; and influenced host immunosuppression, resulting in the higher mortality in rats undergoing whole SBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Inoue
- Division of Organ Replacement Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1, Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan
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15
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Nakao A, Tahara K, Inoue S, Mizuta K, Takeichi T, Uchida H, Tanaka N, Kobayashi E. Combined cuff and suture technique for orthotopic whole intestinal transplantation in rats. Microsurgery 2002; 22:85-90. [PMID: 11992495 DOI: 10.1002/micr.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For the purpose of immunological study on small intestinal transplantation (SIT), rat SIT models using direct suture technique widely have been used, which requires at least several months of training for microsurgery. Alternatively, a simple cuff technique for SIT has been mainly used by us, which reduces warm-ischemic time and the training period, but the entire intestinal grafts usually obtain a limited blood supply. This report describes a modification of a combined cuff and suture technique for rat SIT to aid beginning microsurgical transplantation researchers. The advantages are 1) use of only arterial suturing, making it easier for beginners, with the cuff technique applied to the more difficult vein anastomosis; 2) achievement of better arterial inflow and graft survival than when the arterial cuff technique is used; and 3) doing only partial clamping of the aorta, which improves animal survival and success of the procedure. A very high successful rate in orthotopic whole SIT was achieved even by beginners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Nakao
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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16
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Sakuma Y, Xiu D, Uchida H, Hakamata Y, Takahashi M, Murakami T, Nagai H, Kobayashi E. Short-course methotrexate and long-term acceptance of fully allogeneic rat cardiac grafts: a possible mechanism of tolerance. Transpl Immunol 2002; 10:49-54. [PMID: 12182465 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(02)00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although a short course of methotrexate (MTX) has a potential immunoregulatory effect on clinical allograft rejection, little data are available about the drug, and the mechanism of hyporeactivity after withdrawal is still unknown. In previous studies, we achieved permanent graft acceptance through administration of a short course of high-dose MTX during heterotopic ratheart transplantation (HHT) in a combination of DA (MHC haplotype; RT1(a)) to PVG/c (RT1(c)) rats. A 3-week course of MTX (0.25 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the PVG/c recipients of a DA heart graft, and 11 of 16 rats survived longer than 300 days after HHT. The splenic lymphocytes obtained from one recipient showed high reactivity against donor type splenic lymphocytes, but others did not. All serum samples from recipients showed immunosuppressive activity. The serum had anti-donor antibodies. These results showed that tolerance induced by short-course MTX was maintained by a serologic factor believed to be anti-idiotypic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunaru Sakuma
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi, Japan
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17
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Nakao A, Ogino Y, Tahara K, Uchida H, Kobayashi E. Orthotopic intestinal transplantation using the cuff method in rats: a histopathological evaluation of the anastomosis. Microsurgery 2001; 21:12-5. [PMID: 11426635 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2752(2001)21:1<12::aid-micr1002>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Segmental small intestine transplantation (SIT) in rats, using a cuff technique, has achieved a high success rate. However, there have been few reports on the influence of the foreign body reaction to polyethylene cuff on vessel anastomoses and graft after SIT. This study involves the histopathological examination of the site of cuff anastomosis and grafts in the short- and long-term survival of segmental SIT. The data obtained from the suture anastomosis model also served as a control. One week after heterotopic segmental SIT using the cuff technique, orthotopic continuations were carried out in syngeneic combination. Twenty-five of 30 rats surviving >200 days (83.3%) were examined for vessel anastomosis. All arterial anastomoses were patent, but the portovenous anastomoses in 10 grafts (33%) were totally occluded and were associated with the formation of collateral vessels. Histopathological examination demonstrated good patency of the artery and vein anastomotic site in the short term, but granulation, fibrosis, and neovascularization at the anastomosis site surrounding the cuffs in the long-surviving group. However, the grafts appeared to be intact, with normal features of the villi. On the contrary, the site of the sutured anastomosis in the long-survival rats showed no inflammatory reaction. Although a polyethylene cuff caused foreign body reaction, the graft blood supplies were maintained by collateral vessels. Considering the low mortality and high success rate, polyethylene cuff is good for short-term study and an alternative method for long-term SIT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakao
- First Department of Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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18
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Kobayashi E, Favila-Castillo L, Kamada N. Antibody formation in the transplanted spleen: a simple method of splenic transplantation in the rat using the cuff technique. Microsurgery 2000; 17:221-5. [PMID: 9140955 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2752(1996)17:4<221::aid-micr9>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To study whether transplanted spleens produce antibodies or not, a simplified model of spleen transplantation using the cuff technique was developed. The whole spleen with vascular pedicles was implanted in the syngeneic DA (RT1a) rat combination, using the cuff technique applied to the renal artery and vein of the recipient. The functions of the grafted spleen were tested by antibody formation-titers of antibody in the serum and plaque-forming cells in the graft spleen against xenogeneic [BALB/c (H-2d) mouse] antigen. The grafted spleens included a number of plaque-forming cells, as did the host spleen. This report shows direct evidence that vascularized splenic grafts produced antibodies. The technique is described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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19
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Tsui TY, Deiwick A, Ko S, Schlitt HJ. Specific immunosuppression by postoperative infusion of allogeneic spleen cells: requirement of donor major histocompatibility complex expression and graft-versus-host reactivity. Transplantation 2000; 69:25-30. [PMID: 10653375 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200001150-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor leukocytes may exert positive immunoregulatory effects on allograft acceptance. Most recent studies have focused on pretreatment protocols. In this study, the effect of postoperative infusion of donor leukocytes on graft survival and the phenotypic and functional requirements for infused cells were investigated in fully major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched rat heart transplant models. METHODS LEW (RT1l) heart grafts were implanted heterotopically into abdomens of LEW.1W (RT1u), and different types of cells were infused postoperatively. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate histopathological changes of grafts. RESULTS In the absence of any immunosuppressive agents, a single dose of viable donor spleen cells (SC), but not bone marrow cells, was able to prolong heart allograft survival to about 21 days, while they were rejected promptly at day 7 in controls. Infusion of T cell-depleted donor SC, irradiated donor SC or third-party (BN) SC showed no effect on graft survival. Compared with resting cells, neither in vitro nor in vivo prestimulation of infused donor SC improved graft survival. Clinical signs of graft-versus-host reaction were not observed in all above groups. Histology showed remarkable reduction in the severity of graft infiltrate and interleukin-2 receptor-positive cells in grafts of cell-treated animals. Postoperative infusion of SC of F1 generation between different strain combinations showed two requirements for infused cells to be effective: (1) expression of donor-type MHC antigens and (2) strong alloreactivity against the host MHC antigens. CONCLUSION Postoperative infusion of viable donor SC can lead to allospecific down-regulation of alloreactivity by a graft-versus-host-associated effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Tsui
- Klinik für Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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20
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Kobayashi E, Lord R, Green M, Kamada N, Toyama N, Miyata M, Fujimura A. The fate of donor splenic lymphocytes in a long-surviving host after combined pancrea/spleen transplantation in the rat. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:2665-7. [PMID: 10500762 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(99)00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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21
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Ogino Y, Kobayashi E, Fujimura A. Comparison of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus concentrations in whole blood between jejunal and ileal transplanted rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:811-5. [PMID: 10467956 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991773186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Most immunosuppresive drugs are absorbed from the intestine after oral administration, although there is some difference of bioavailability between ileum and jejunum. Using an orthotopic segmental small bowel transplantation (SBT) model in rats, we studied the pharmacokinetic profiles of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus concentrations after oral intake, comparing jejunal and ileal transplanted rats. Two types of segmental SBT (jejunal and ileal SBT) in a syngeneic combination were performed. After oral administration of cyclosporin A (10mgkg(-1) or tacrolimus (5 mg kg(-1)), pharmacokinetic data were obtained from the long-surviving rats transplanted with segmental SBT. To determine the effect of additional bile on cyclosporin absorption, an emulsion of cyclosporin A with fresh bile juice was re-challenged on segmental SBT rats before killing. A histological study was also performed by use of the intestinal grafts from the killed SBT rats. A higher concentration of cyclosporin A was observed in the ileum-grafted rats than in the rats which received the jejunal grafts. Oral bioavailability of cyclosporin A in ileal SBT rats tended to be increased by addition of fresh bile juice, but that in jejunal SBT rats did not change. On the other hand, there was no significant difference of tacrolimus concentration between jejunum- and ileum-transplanted rats. Histological studies showed that the superficial mucosal layer of both grafts, but especially the ileal graft, was markedly elongated compared with that of normal intestine. The present study showed that cyclosporin A was more actively absorbed from ileum than from jejunum in SBT, but tacrolimus was absorbed equally from both sites. These data suggest that cyclosporin A concentration is satisfactorily controlled in the segmental ileal graft, while there is no difference of tacrolimus absorption between ileal and jejunal graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ogino
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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22
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Ashizuka S, Kishimoto K, Ryu C, Tamura K, Sawada T, Akamine S, Takahashi T, Oka T, Ayabe H. Analysis of rejection mechanisms in small bowel allotransplantation. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3469-70. [PMID: 9838525 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Jejunum/transplantation
- Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BN
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
- Transplantation, Heterotopic
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/methods
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashizuka
- First Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University, School of Medicine, Japan
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23
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Kobayashi E, Enosawa S, Fujimura A, Kamada N, Suzuki S. Timing of lymphocyte transfusion and portal clamping for the development of lethal graft-versus-host disease in the rat. Surg Today 1998; 28:1036-41. [PMID: 9786575 DOI: 10.1007/bf02483957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of surgical intervention on the incidence and augmentation of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were studied in the rat. To elicit GVHD, splenocytes from parental LEW rats at a dose of 4 x 10(8) or 1.5 x 10(8) cells/350g body weight were injected via the tail vein into (LEW x BN)F1 rats. The injection of 4 x 10(8) of LEW rat splenocytes induced lethal GVHD in all nontreated F1 rats, while 1.5 x 10(8) of LEW splenocytes did not induce any signs of GVHD. However, when the F1 rats had received the same dose of parental LEW lymphocytes in combination with portal clamping, 14 recipients out of the 15 rats (93%) suffered GVHD and 10 rats (67%) died from GVHD. Interestingly, portal clamping 7 days after the injection enhanced the incidence of GVHD, whereas no GVHD was observed in the intervention group either 3 or 7 days prior to the cell transfusion. When 1.5 x 10(8) of allogeneic lymphocytes were injected intravenously together with 0.1-1.0 mg/kg of endotoxin instead of portal clamping, the injection led the early death by GVHD, while the injection of methylpredonisolone did not enhance GVHD. These results thus indicate that either simultaneous or delayed surgical intervention has the potential to trigger a dormant state in transferred alloreactive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kobayashi
- Department of Experimental Surgery, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Miyauchi T, Ishikawa M, Tashiro S, Hisaeda H, Nagasawa H, Himeno K. Effect of donor-specific splenocytes via portal vein and FK506 in rat small bowel transplantation. Transplantation 1998; 65:27-32. [PMID: 9448139 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199801150-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the role of the liver in immune responses after small bowel transplantation, donor-specific splenocytes were infused perioperatively, via the portal vein, in a rat heterotopic small bowel transplant model. METHODS Heterotopic small bowel transplantation between the fully allogenic Brown Norway (BN) (RT1n) and Lewis (RT1[1]) strain rats were performed. We prepared donor splenocytes from BN or third-party WKA (RT1k) rat spleens for Lewis hosts and injected the splenocytes perioperatively via the host portal vein or the systemic vein. The hosts were treated with a short course of the immunosuppressive agent, FK506 (0.5 mg/kg, 0-3 days postoperatively), following the experimental protocols. RESULTS Untreated Lewis hosts rejected BN small bowel grafts at 5.4+/-0.9 days (n=8). BN splenocytes given alone caused fatal graft-versus-host disease in six of eight animals, and two others died from graft rejection. FK506 alone did not significantly prolong graft survival (6.3+/-1.0 days, n=10). However, BN splenocytes injected via the portal vein, combined with FK506, prolonged graft survival to 12.7+/-2.1 days (n=12, P < 0.01) and 10 of 12 rats survived more than 70 days. This was donor antigen specific. BN splenocytes administered systemically caused fatal graft-versus-host disease in all recipients, and FK506 did not ameliorate this. Histologic findings of graft rejection were remarkably mild in the recipients of the combined therapy, compared with the recipients that were given FK506 alone. Down-regulation of one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction to BN splenocytes was observed in the splenocytes of the tolerant hosts. CONCLUSIONS Combined administration of donor splenocytes and FK506 reduced allograft rejection and prolonged survival in this rat model of small bowel transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyauchi
- First Department of Surgery, University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, Tokushima City, Japan
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25
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Mitsusada M, Suzuki S, Kobayashi E, Enosawa S, Kakefuda T, Miyata M. Prevention of graft rejection and graft-versus-host reaction by a novel immunosuppressant, FTY720, in rat small bowel transplantation. Transpl Int 1997. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1997.tb00927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Miyauchi T, Ishikawa M, Tashiro S, Hisaeda H, Nagasawa H, Himeno K. Acetaminophen absorption test as a marker of small bowel transplant rejection. Transplantation 1997; 63:1179-82. [PMID: 9133482 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199704270-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently evaluated the acetaminophen absorption test as a marker of graft rejection for small bowel transplantation(SBTX). Randomly bred male Wistar rats were used as recipients and donors. Rats (n=45) received heterotopic small intestinal transplants and were divided into three groups (n=15 for each group). In group A, a 10-cm segment of jejunum of was exteriorized as a Thiry-Vella loop. In group B, immunosuppression was not given after SBTX. In group C, rats were treated with FK506 after SBTX (0.3 mg/kg body weight, 0-6 postoperative days). Serum acetaminophen concentrations were measured 15 min after instillation of 0.15 g/kg acetaminophen into the intestinal loop on postoperative days 1, 3, and 7 (n=5 for each group). Blood flow and histology of the graft were also evaluated. In the SBTX group only, the grafts showed the histological change after acute rejection. On day 3, plasma acetaminophen concentrations in this group showed a significant decrease, which correlated with the mild histological changes of graft rejection. Graft blood flow of the SBTX group decreased significantly on day 7, following the severe graft destruction of advanced rejection. No remarkable changes were observed in the other two groups. The acetaminophen absorption test appears to be useful for the early detection of SBTX graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyauchi
- First Department of Surgery, University of Tokushima, School of Medicine, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Japan
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27
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Arai Y, Kobayashi E, Nozawa M, Yamanaka T. Characteristic changes of hepatic lymphocytes after ischemia-reperfusion. Transplantation 1996; 61:848-9. [PMID: 8607199 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199603150-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Kobayashi E, Toyama N, Kiyozaki H, Enosawa S, Walker N, Kamada N, Miyata M. Small bowel transplantation for pediatric short bowel syndrome: evaluation of the graft length required for development and the immunologic aspects relating to graft length. J Pediatr Surg 1994; 29:1331-4. [PMID: 7807319 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(94)90109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Small bowel transplantation (SBT) is thought to be the only radical treatment for short bowel syndrome in childhood. It is very important that the length of the graft and the type of intestine be chosen carefully because this will determine the outcome of transplantation. This model of short bowel syndrome in the rat confirms that total intestinal resection results in malnutrition and failure to gain weight. After 10 cm of ileum was transplanted orthotopically in a syngeneic combination in rats with total intestinal resection, the animals gained weight. The authors determined that 10 cm of terminal ileum is the minimum length required for survival. Second, the immunologic basis of lethal graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) as it relates to the intestinal graft length was also evaluated. Ileal grafts of 10 cm from LEW (RT1l) rats were implanted heterotopically into (LEW x BN)F1 rats. Ileal grafts of 10 or 40 cm were implanted from BN(RT1n) rats into (LEW x BN)F1 animals. A lethal GVHR always occurred after grafting a 10 cm ileum in the LEW/F1 combination, whereas only 17% of the BN/F1 recipients died of typical GVHR. However, in the latter combination, 67% lethal GVHR was induced when 40 cm of the intestinal graft was implanted. These results indicate that mesenteric lymph nodes are a major source of lethal GVHR, but gut-associated lymphoid tissue can also induce this.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Australia
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29
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Kobayashi E, Kamada N, Toyama N, Delriviere L, Goto S, Enosawa S, Walker NI, Green MK, Miyata M. Successful methods of pancreas transplantation in the rat using a cuff technique. THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF SURGERY 1994; 64:491-3. [PMID: 8010921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1994.tb02263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two models of pancreas transplantation were examined in the rat with a view to choosing one for regular use in functional experiments. A cuff technique applied to the renal vessels of the recipient was used. The histology and endocrine functioning of whole pancreas-duodenal transplant (Tx) plus bladder drainage (drainage model), and the pancreatic duct ligated segmental pancreas Tx (ligated model) were examined. Syngeneic operations were performed using either Lewis or Wistar rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) was used to render the recipient rats diabetic. A cuff technique was used with both models to anastomose the grafts to the renal vessels instead of the conventional technique of hand suturing to the abdominal vessels. This allows a shorter warm ischaemia time for the donor pancreas and leaves the systemic circulation intact leading to a high success rate for both techniques. Operation survival rates were 93% (n = 30) and 90% (n = 10) in the ligated and drainage models, respectively. The recipients in both groups were normoglycaemic for > 100 days. Histological examination revealed atrophic exocrine tissue early in the ligated group but only two from the drainage group showed exocrine atrophy at > 100 days. There was no statistical difference in i.v. glucose tolerance tests with both models showing a normal pattern. Thus, endocrine function remained independent of exocrine function. Both models are quicker than the conventional techniques. The duct ligation model was a simpler transplant to perform, suggesting that this should be the technique of choice in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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30
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Kobayashi E, Kamada N, Goto S, Miyata M. Protocol for the technique of orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat. Microsurgery 1993; 14:541-6. [PMID: 8271934 DOI: 10.1002/micr.1920140812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Orthotopic rat liver transplantation (OLT) has been generally accepted as an excellent model for the analysis of pathological, physiological, and immunological aspects related to organ transplantation. However, many researchers require a long training period to achieve a high success rate using this major surgical procedure on small animals. We therefore developed a protocol for learning rat OLT. It is recommended, initially, that the heterotopic heart transplantation (HHT) model be used to master the cuff technique, since this technique is similar to that in OLT and leads to an understanding of another organ transplantation technique. For beginners who advance beyond the HHT step to OLT but cannot finish the anhepatic phase within 30 min, we recommend the use of portosystemic-shunted rats as recipients. These animals have had their spleens transposed subcutaneously more than 3 weeks before use. The use of these modifications and this training program makes it possible to master the techniques and to achieve a high success rate with a short training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical School, Omiya Medical Center, Japan
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