1
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Laugier F, Saumitou-Laprade P, Vernet P, Lepart J, Cheptou PO, Dufay M. Male fertility advantage within and between seasons in the perennial androdioecious plant Phillyrea angustifolia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1219-1232. [PMID: 37930793 PMCID: PMC10902885 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Androdioecy, the co-occurrence of males and hermaphrodites, is a rare reproductive system. Males can be maintained if they benefit from a higher male fitness than hermaphrodites, referred to as male advantage. Male advantage can emerge from increased fertility owing to resource reallocation. However, empirical studies usually compare sexual phenotypes over a single flowering season, thus ignoring potential cumulative effects over successive seasons in perennials. In this study, we quantify various components of male fertility advantage, both within and between seasons, in the long-lived perennial shrub Phillyrea angustifolia (Oleaceae). Although, owing to a peculiar diallelic self-incompatibility system and female sterility mutation strictly associated with a breakdown of incompatibility, males do not need fertility advantage to persist in this species, this advantage remains an important determinant of their equilibrium frequency. METHODS A survey of >1000 full-sib plants allowed us to compare males and hermaphrodites for several components of male fertility. Individuals were characterized for proxies of pollen production and vegetative growth. By analysing maternal progeny, we compared the siring success of males and hermaphrodites. Finally, using a multistate capture-recapture model we assessed, for each sexual morph, how the intensity of flowering in one year impacts next-year growth and reproduction. KEY RESULTS Males benefitted from a greater vegetative growth and flowering intensity. Within one season, males sired twice as many seeds as equidistant, compatible hermaphroditic competitors. In addition, males more often maintained intense flowering over successive years. Finally, investment in male reproductive function appeared to differ between the two incompatibility groups of hermaphrodites. CONCLUSION Males, by sparing the cost of female reproduction, have a higher flowering frequency and vegetative growth, both of which contribute to male advantage over an individual lifetime. This suggests that studies analysing sexual phenotypes during only single reproductive periods are likely to provide inadequate estimates of male advantage in perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laugier
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - P Vernet
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Lepart
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - P-O Cheptou
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - M Dufay
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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2
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Poljak I, Vahčić N, Liber Z, Tumpa K, Pintar V, Zegnal I, Vidaković A, Valković B, Kajba D, Idžojtić M. Morphological and Chemical Diversity and Antioxidant Capacity of the Service Tree ( Sorbus domestica L.) Fruits from Two Eco-Geographical Regions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081691. [PMID: 34451736 PMCID: PMC8399663 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Service tree, Sorbus domestica L., is a rare and neglected wild fruit tree species of southern and central Europe. Being distributed in different eco-geographical regions, with fragmented and low-density populations, S. domestica represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within- and between-population diversity at geographical and environmental scales. This study aimed to analyze the proximate composition, antioxidant activity, and morphometric fruit characteristics. We examined the diversity and population divergences of 49 S. domestica individuals originating from seven populations across continental and Mediterranean eco-geographical regions. In addition, tests of isolation by distance and environment were performed to detect the magnitude of divergence explained by geographic and environmental variables. Significant differences between the studied populations were found in almost all of the studied morphometric and chemical fruit characteristics. The studied service tree populations were characterized by high phenotypic variation despite the low number of trees per population. Model-based population structure analysis using morphometric and chemical fruit characteristics revealed three groups of service tree populations. We concluded that non-effective pollen and seed dispersal along with genetic drift and specific environmental factors resulted in a distinct phenotype with a specific chemical composition in the isolated island population. In addition, a pattern of isolation by the environment was revealed. We infer that morphological and chemical differences between the studied populations in the true service tree from different eco-geographical regions were mediated by adaptation to the specific environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Poljak
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-235-2547
| | - Nada Vahčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Zlatko Liber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Tumpa
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Valentino Pintar
- Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Institute for Environment and Nature, Nature Sector, Radnička Cesta 80, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Zegnal
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia;
| | - Antonio Vidaković
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Bernarda Valković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Davorin Kajba
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
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3
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Oddou-Muratorio S, Petit-Cailleux C, Journé V, Lingrand M, Magdalou JA, Hurson C, Garrigue J, Davi H, Magnanou E. Crown defoliation decreases reproduction and wood growth in a marginal European beech population. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:193-204. [PMID: 33928352 PMCID: PMC8324029 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abiotic and biotic stresses related to climate change have been associated with increased crown defoliation, decreased growth and a higher risk of mortality in many forest tree species, but the impact of stresses on tree reproduction and forest regeneration remains understudied. At the dry, warm margin of species distributions, flowering, pollination and seed maturation are expected to be affected by drought, late frost and other stresses, eventually resulting in reproduction failure. Moreover, inter-individual variation in reproductive performance versus other performance traits (growth, survival) could have important consequences for population dynamics. This study investigated the relationships among individual crown defoliation, growth and reproduction in a drought-prone population of European beech, Fagus sylvatica. METHODS We used a spatially explicit mating model and marker-based parentage analyses to estimate effective female and male fecundities of 432 reproductive trees, which were also monitored for basal area increment and crown defoliation over 9 years. KEY RESULTS Female and male fecundities varied markedly between individuals, more than did growth. Both female fecundity and growth decreased with increasing crown defoliation and competition, and increased with size. Moreover, the negative effect of defoliation on female fecundity was size-dependent, with a slower decline in female fecundity with increasing defoliation for the large individuals. Finally, a trade-off between growth and female fecundity was observed in response to defoliation: some large trees maintained significant female fecundity at the expense of reduced growth in response to defoliation, while some other defoliated trees maintained high growth at the expense of reduced female fecundity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, while decreasing their growth, some large defoliated trees still contribute to reproduction through seed production and pollination. This non-coordinated decline of growth and fecundity at individual level in response to stress may compromise the evolution of stress-resistance traits at population level, and increase forest tree vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthieu Lingrand
- URFM, INRAE, Avignon, France
- ECOBIOP, INRAE, St-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | | | - Joseph Garrigue
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la forêt de la Massane, France
| | | | - Elodie Magnanou
- Réserve Naturelle Nationale de la forêt de la Massane, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls/Mer, France
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4
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Fu Q, Deng J, Chen M, Zhong Y, Lu GH, Wang YQ. Population genetic structure and connectivity of a riparian selfing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis at a fine-scale geographic level in subtropical monsoon forest. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:329. [PMID: 34238223 PMCID: PMC8265151 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivers and streams facilitate movement of individuals and their genes across the landscape and are generally recognized as dispersal corridors for riparian plants. Nevertheless, some authors have reported directly contrasting results, which may be attributed to a complex mixture of factors, such as the mating system and dispersal mechanisms of propagules (seed and pollen), that make it difficult to predict the genetic diversity and population structure of riparian species. Here, we investigated a riparian self-fertilizing herb Caulokaempferia coenobialis, which does not use anemochory or zoochory for seed dispersal; such studies could contribute to an improved understanding of the effect of rivers or streams on population genetic diversity and structure in riparian plants. Using polymorphic ISSR and cpDNA loci, we studied the effect at a microgeographic scale of different stream systems (a linear stream, a dendritic stream, and complex transverse hydrological system) in subtropical monsoon forest on the genetic structure and connectivity of C. coenobialis populations across Dinghu Mountain (DH) and Nankun Mountain (NK). RESULTS The results indicate that the most recent haplotypes (DH: H7, H8; NK: h6, h7, h11, h12) are not shared among local populations of C. coenobialis within each stream system. Furthermore, downstream local populations do not accumulate genetic diversity, whether in the linear streamside local populations across DH (H: 0.091 vs 0.136) or the dendritic streamside local populations across NK (H: 0.079 vs 0.112, 0.110). Our results show that the connectivity of local C. coenobialis populations across DH and NK can be attributed to historical gene flows, resulting in a lack of spatial genetic structure, despite self-fertilization. Selfing C. coenobialis can maintain high genetic diversity (H = 0.251; I = 0.382) through genetic differentiation (GST = 0.5915; FST = 0.663), which is intensified by local adaptation and neutral mutation and/or genetic drift in local populations at a microgeographic scale. CONCLUSION We suggest that streams are not acting as corridors for dispersal of C. coenobialis, and conservation strategies for maintaining genetic diversity of selfing species should be focused on the protection of all habitat types, especially isolated fragments in ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Shortlidge EE, Carey SB, Payton AC, McDaniel SF, Rosenstiel TN, Eppley SM. Microarthropod contributions to fitness variation in the common moss Ceratodon purpureus. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210119. [PMID: 33784868 PMCID: PMC8059975 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of sustained plant–animal interactions depends critically upon genetic variation in the fitness benefits from the interaction. Genetic analyses of such interactions are limited to a few model systems, in part because genetic variation may be absent or the interacting species may be experimentally intractable. Here, we examine the role of sperm-dispersing microarthropods in shaping reproduction and genetic variation in mosses. We established experimental mesocosms with known moss genotypes and inferred the parents of progeny from mesocosms with and without microarthropods, using a pooled sequencing approach. Moss reproductive rates increased fivefold in the presence of microarthropods, relative to control mesocosms. Furthermore, the presence of microarthropods increased the total number of reproducing moss genotypes, and changed the rank-order of fitness of male and female moss genotypes. Interestingly, the genotypes that reproduced most frequently did not produce sporophytes with the most spores, highlighting the challenge of defining fitness in mosses. These results demonstrate that microarthropods provide a fitness benefit for mosses, and highlight the potential for biotic dispersal agents to alter fitness among moss genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Shortlidge
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97202-0751, USA
| | - Sarah B Carey
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Adam C Payton
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Stuart F McDaniel
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Todd N Rosenstiel
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97202-0751, USA
| | - Sarah M Eppley
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97202-0751, USA
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6
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Tonnabel J, Klein EK, Ronce O, Oddou-Muratorio S, Rousset F, Olivieri I, Courtiol A, Mignot A. Sex-specific spatial variation in fitness in the highly dimorphic Leucadendron rubrum. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1721-1735. [PMID: 33559274 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in plants may emerge as a result of sex-specific selection on traits enhancing access to nutritive resources and/or to sexual partners. Here we investigated sex-specific differences in selection of sexually dimorphic traits and in the spatial distribution of effective fecundity (our fitness proxy) in a highly dimorphic dioecious wind-pollinated shrub, Leucadendron rubrum. In particular, we tested for the effect of density on male and female effective fecundity. We used spatial and genotypic data of parent and offspring cohorts to jointly estimate individual male and female effective fecundity on the one hand and pollen and seed dispersal kernels on the other hand. This methodology was adapted to the case of dioecious species. Explicitly modelling dispersal avoids the confounding effects of heterogeneous spatial distribution of mates and sampled seedlings on the estimation of effective fecundity. We also estimated selection gradients on plant traits while modelling sex-specific spatial autocorrelation in fecundity. Males exhibited spatial autocorrelation in effective fecundity at a smaller scale than females. A higher local density of plants was associated with lower effective fecundity in males but was not related to female effective fecundity. These results suggest sex-specific sensitivities to environmental heterogeneity in L. rubrum. Despite these sexual differences, we found directional selection for wider canopies and smaller leaves in both sexes, and no sexually antagonistic selection on strongly dimorphic traits in L. rubrum. Many empirical studies in animals similarly failed to detect sexually antagonistic selection in species expressing strong sexual dimorphism, and we discuss reasons explaining this common pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Tonnabel
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.,Department of Ecology and Evolution, Le Biophore, UNIL-SORGE, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ophélie Ronce
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.,CNRS, Biodiversity Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - François Rousset
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Olivieri
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Courtiol
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnès Mignot
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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7
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Huang R, Zhang ZD, Wang Y, Wang YQ. Genetic variation and genetic structure within metapopulations of two closely related selfing and outcrossing Zingiber species (Zingiberaceae). AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plaa065. [PMID: 33442464 PMCID: PMC7788390 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation strongly affects the genetic diversity of plant populations, and this has always attracted much research interest. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of plant populations, fewer studies have compared species with contrasting breeding systems while accounting for phylogenetic distance. Here, we compare the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation within and among subpopulations in metapopulations (at fine-scale level) of two closely related Zingiber species, selfing Zingiber corallinum and outcrossing Zingiber nudicarpum. Comparisons of the genetic structure of species from unrelated taxa may be confounded by the effects of correlated ecological traits or/and phylogeny. Thus, we possibly reveal the differences in genetic diversity and spatial distribution of genetic variation within metapopulations that relate to mating systems. Compared to outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, the subpopulation genetic diversity in selfing Z. corallinum was significantly lower, but the metapopulation genetic diversity was not different. Most genetic variation resided among subpopulations in selfing Z. corallinum metapopulations, while a significant portion of variation resided either within or among subpopulations in outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, depending on whether the degree of subpopulation isolation surpasses the dispersal ability of pollen and seed. A stronger spatial genetic structure appeared within subpopulations of selfing Z. corallinum potentially due to restricted pollen flow and seed dispersal. In contrast, a weaker genetic structure was apparent in subpopulations of outcrossing Z. nudicarpum most likely caused by extensive pollen movement. Our study shows that high genetic variation can be maintained within metapopulations of selfing Zingiber species, due to increased genetic differentiation intensified primarily by the stochastic force of genetic drift among subpopulations. Therefore, maintenance of natural variability among subpopulations in fragmented areas is key to conserve the full range of genetic diversity of selfing Zingiber species. For outcrossing Zingiber species, maintenance of large populations is an important factor to enhance genetic diversity. Compared to outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, the subpopulation genetic diversity in selfing Z. corallinum was significantly lower, but the metapopulation genetic diversity did not differ. Most genetic variation resided among subpopulations in selfing Z. corallinum metapopulations, while a significant portion of variation resided either within or among subpopulations in outcrossing Z. nudicarpum, depending on whether the degree of subpopulation isolation surpasses the dispersal ability of pollen and seed. Our study shows that selfing Z. corallinum could maintain high genetic diversity through differentiation intensified primarily by the stochastic force of genetic drift among subpopulations at fine-scale level, but not local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Dian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Chybicki IJ, Oleksa A, Dering M. Identification of determinants of pollen donor fecundity using the hierarchical neighborhood model. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:781-800. [PMID: 33290637 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in male reproductive success drive genetic drift and natural selection, altering genetic variation and phenotypic trait distributions in future generations. Therefore, identifying the determinants of reproductive success is important for understanding the ecology and evolution of plants. Here, based on the spatially explicit mating model (the neighborhood model), we develop a hierarchical probability model that links co-dominant genotypes of offspring and candidate parents with phenotypic determinants of male reproductive success. The model accounts for pollen dispersal, genotyping errors as well as individual variation in selfing, pollen immigration, and differentiation of immigrant pollen pools. Unlike the classic neighborhood model approach, our approach is specially designed to account for excessive variation (overdispersion) in male fecundity. We implemented a Bayesian estimation method (the Windows computer program available at: https://www.ukw.edu.pl/pracownicy/plik/igor_chybicki/1806/) that, among others, allows for selecting phenotypic variables important for male fecundity and assessing the fraction of variance in fecundity (R2 ) explained by selected variables. Simulations showed that our method outperforms both the classic neighborhood model and the two-step approach, where fecundities and the effects of phenotypic variables are estimated separately. The analysis of two data examples showed that in wind-pollinated trees, male fecundity depends on both the amount of produced pollen and the ability to pollen spread. However, despite that the tree size was positively correlated with male fecundity, it explained only a fraction of the total variance in fecundity, indicating the presence of additional factors. Finally, case studies highlighted the importance of accounting for pollen dispersal in the estimation of fecundity determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor J Chybicki
- Department of Genetics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Oleksa
- Department of Genetics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Monika Dering
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland.,Department of Silviculture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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9
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Avanzi C, Heer K, Büntgen U, Labriola M, Leonardi S, Opgenoorth L, Piermattei A, Urbinati C, Vendramin GG, Piotti A. Individual reproductive success in Norway spruce natural populations depends on growth rate, age and sensitivity to temperature. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:685-698. [PMID: 32203247 PMCID: PMC7239854 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the individual reproductive success and understanding its determinants is a central issue in evolutionary research for the major consequences that the transmission of genetic variation from parents to offspring has on the adaptive potential of populations. Here, we propose to distil the myriad of information embedded in tree-ring time series into a set of tree-ring-based phenotypic traits to be investigated as potential drivers of reproductive success in forest trees. By using a cross-disciplinary approach that combines parentage analysis and a thorough dendrophenotypic characterisation of putative parents, we assessed sex-specific relationships between such dendrophenotypic traits (i.e., age, growth rate and parameters describing sensitivity to climate and to extreme climatic events) and reproductive success in Norway spruce. We applied a full probability method for reconstructing parent-offspring relationships between 604 seedlings and 518 adult trees sampled within five populations from southern and central Europe. We found that individual female and male reproductive success was positively associated with tree growth rate and age. Female reproductive success was also positively influenced by the correlation between growth and the mean temperature of the previous vegetative season. Overall, our results showed that Norway spruce individuals with the highest fitness are those who are able to keep high-growth rates despite potential growth limitations caused by reproductive costs and climatic limiting conditions. Identifying such functional links between the individual ecophysiological behaviour and its evolutionary gain would increase our understanding on how natural selection shapes the genetic composition of forest tree populations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Avanzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Czech Globe, Global Change Research Institute CAS and Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariaceleste Labriola
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alma Piermattei
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Urbinati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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10
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Kenđel A, Zimmermann B. Chemical Analysis of Pollen by FT-Raman and FTIR Spectroscopies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:352. [PMID: 32296453 PMCID: PMC7136416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen studies are important for the assessment of present and past environment, including biodiversity, sexual reproduction of plants and plant-pollinator interactions, monitoring of aeroallergens, and impact of climate and pollution on wild communities and cultivated crops. Although information on chemical composition of pollen is of importance in all of those research areas, pollen chemistry has been rarely measured due to complex and time-consuming analyses. Vibrational spectroscopies, coupled with multivariate data analysis, have shown great potential for rapid chemical characterization, identification and classification of pollen. This study, comprising 219 species from all principal taxa of seed plants, has demonstrated that high-quality Raman spectra of pollen can be obtained by Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy. In combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), FT-Raman spectroscopy is obtaining comprehensive information on pollen chemistry. Presence of all the main biochemical constituents of pollen, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, carotenoids and sporopollenins, have been identified and detected in the spectra, and the study shows approaches to measure relative and absolute content of these constituents. The results show that FT-Raman spectroscopy has clear advantage over standard dispersive Raman measurements, in particular for measurement of pollen samples with high pigment content. FT-Raman spectra are strongly biased toward chemical composition of pollen wall constituents, namely sporopollenins and pigments. This makes Raman spectra complementary to FTIR spectra, which over-represent chemical constituents of the grain interior, such as lipids and carbohydrates. The results show a large variability in pollen chemistry for families, genera and even congeneric species, revealing wide range of reproductive strategies, from storage of nutrients to variation in carotenoids and phenylpropanoids. The information on pollen's chemical patterns for major plant taxa should be of outstanding value for various studies in plant biology and ecology, including aerobiology, palaeoecology, forensics, community ecology, plant-pollinator interactions, and climate effects on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Kenđel
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Zimmermann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Tonnabel J, David P, Klein EK, Pannell JR. Sex‐specific selection on plant architecture through “budget” and “direct” effects in experimental populations of the wind‐pollinated herb,
Mercurialis annua. Evolution 2019; 73:897-912. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Tonnabel
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Lausanne CH‐1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Patrice David
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - John R. Pannell
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Lausanne CH‐1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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12
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Chybicki IJ, Oleksa A. Seed and pollen gene dispersal in Taxus baccata, a dioecious conifer in the face of strong population fragmentation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:409-421. [PMID: 29873697 PMCID: PMC6311948 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Dispersal is crucial due to its direct impact on dynamics of a species' distribution as well as having a role in shaping adaptive potential through gene flow. In plants forming scarce and small populations, knowledge about the dispersal process is required to assess the potential for colonizing new habitats and connectivity of present and future populations. This study aimed to assess dispersal potential in Taxus baccata, a dioecious gymnosperm tree with a wide but highly fragmented distribution. Methods Seed and pollen dispersal kernels were estimated directly in the framework of the spatially explicit mating model, where genealogies of naturally established seedlings were reconstructed with the help of microsatellite markers. In this way, six differently shaped dispersal functions were compared. Key Results Seed dispersal followed a leptokurtic distribution, with the Exponential-Power, the Power-law and Weibull being almost equally best-fitting models. The pollen dispersal kernel appeared to be more fat-tailed than the seed dispersal kernel, and the Lognormal and the Exponential-Power function showed the best fit. The rate of seed immigration from the background sources was not significantly different from the rate of pollen immigration (13.1 % vs. 19.7 %) and immigration rates were in agreement with or below maximum predictions based on the estimated dispersal kernels. Based on the multimodel approach, 95 % of seeds travel <109 m, while 95 % of pollen travels <704 m from the source. Conclusions The results showed that, at a local spatial scale, yew seeds travel shorter distances than pollen, facilitating a rapid development of a kinship structure. At the landscape level, however, although yew exhibits some potential to colonize new habitats through seed dispersal, genetic connectivity between different yew remnants is strongly limited. Taking into account strong population fragmentation, the study suggests that gene dispersal may be a limiting factor of the adaptability of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor J Chybicki
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Oleksa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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13
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Oddou-Muratorio S, Gauzere J, Bontemps A, Rey JF, Klein EK. Tree, sex and size: Ecological determinants of male vs. female fecundity in three Fagus sylvatica
stands. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3131-3145. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Gauzere
- URFM; INRA; Avignon France
- BioSP; INRA; Avignon France
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14
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Gleiser G, Chybicki IJ, González-Martínez SC, Aizen MA. Phenological match drives pollen-mediated gene flow in a temporally dimorphic tree. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:93-100. [PMID: 29063726 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Variation in flowering phenology is common in natural populations, and is expected to be, together with inter-mate distance, an important driver of effective pollen dispersal. In populations composed of plants with temporally separated sexual phases (i.e. dichogamous or heterodichogamous populations), pollen-mediated gene flow is assumed to reflect phenological overlap between complementary sexual phases. In this study, we conducted paternity analyses to test this hypothesis in the temporally dimorphic tree Acer opalus. We performed spatially explicit analyses based on categorical and fractional paternity assignment, and included tree size, pair-wise genetic relatedness and morph type as additional predictors. Because differences between morphs in flowering phenology may also influence pollination distances, we modelled separate pollen dispersal kernels for the two morphs. Extended phenological overlap between male and female phases (mainly associated with inter-morph crosses) resulted in higher siring success after accounting for the effects of genetic relatedness, morph type and tree size, while reduced phenological overlap (mainly associated with intra-morph crosses) resulted in longer pollination distances achieved. Siring success also increased in larger trees. Mating patterns could not be predicted by phenology alone. However, as heterogeneity in flowering phenology was the single morph-specific predictor of siring success, it is expected to be key in maintaining the temporal dimorphism in A. opalus, by promoting not only a prevalent pattern of inter-morph mating, but also long-distance pollination resulting from intra-morph mating events.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gleiser
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - I J Chybicki
- Department of Genetics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - M A Aizen
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
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15
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Nakahara T, Fukano Y, Hirota SK, Yahara T. Size advantage for male function and size-dependent sex allocation in Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a wind-pollinated plant. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:1159-1170. [PMID: 29375787 PMCID: PMC5773293 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In wind‐pollinated plants, male‐biased sex allocation is often positively associated with plant size and height. However, effects of size (biomass or reproductive investment) and height were not separated in most previous studies. Here, using experimental populations of monoecious plants, Ambrosia altemisiifolia, we examined (1) how male and female reproductive investments (MRI and FRI) change with biomass and height, (2) how MRI and height affect male reproductive success (MRS) and pollen dispersal, and (3) how height affects seed production. Pollen dispersal kernel and selection gradients on MRS were estimated by 2,102 seeds using six microsatellite markers. First, MRI increased with height, but FRI did not, suggesting that sex allocation is more male‐biased with increasing plant height. On the other hand, both MRI and FRI increased with biomass but often more greatly for FRI, and consequently, sex allocation was often female‐biased with biomass. Second, MRS increased with both height and MRI, the latter having the same or larger effect on MRS. Estimated pollen dispersal kernel was fat‐tailed, with the maximum distance between mates tending to increase with MRI but not with height. Third, the number of seeds did not increase with height. Those findings showed that the male‐biased sex allocation in taller plants of A. artemisiifolia is explained by a direct effect of height on MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Nakahara
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuya Fukano
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Shun K Hirota
- Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan.,Present address: Kawatabi Field Science Center Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Miyagi Japan
| | - Tetsukazu Yahara
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
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16
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Chybicki IJ. NMπ-improved re-implementation of NM+, a software for estimating gene dispersal and mating patterns. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 18:159-168. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor J. Chybicki
- Department of Genetics; Kazimierz Wielki University; Bydgoszcz Poland
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17
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Hamston TJ, Wilson RJ, de Vere N, Rich TCG, Stevens JR, Cresswell JE. Breeding system and spatial isolation from congeners strongly constrain seed set in an insect-pollinated apomictic tree: Sorbus subcuneata (Rosaceae). Sci Rep 2017; 7:45122. [PMID: 28338049 PMCID: PMC5364488 DOI: 10.1038/srep45122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, apomixis results in the production of clonal offspring via seed and can provide reproductive assurance for isolated individuals. However, many apomicts require pollination to develop functional endosperm for successful seed set (pseudogamy) and therefore risk pollination-limitation, particularly in self-incompatible species that require heterospecific pollen. We used microsatellite paternity analysis and hand pollinations to investigate pollen-limitation in Sorbus subcuneata, a threatened endemic tree that co-occurs with its congener, S. admonitor. We confirmed that S. subcuneata is an obligate pseudogamous apomict, but open-pollinated flowers rarely produced seed (flower-to-seed conversion < 1%) even though they rapidly accumulated pollen on their stigmas. Manual heterospecific pollination by S. admonitor resulted in a high flower-to-seed conversion rate (65%), however, we estimate that the ratio of self: heterospecific pollination in open-pollinated flowers was at least 22:1. Despite the efficacy of heterospecific pollination, the contribution of S. admonitor trees to paternity in seed from open-pollinated flowers of S. subcuneata decreased rapidly with the spatial separation between paternal and maternal trees. Conservation efforts aimed at maintaining species with this breeding system must therefore manage the congeners in tandem which will also maintain the potential for rare heterospecific fertilisation that typically cause rapid diversification in these lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey J Hamston
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.,Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust, Paignton Zoo, Paignton, UK
| | | | - Natasha de Vere
- National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, UK.,Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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18
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Beghè D, Piotti A, Satovic Z, de la Rosa R, Belaj A. Pollen-mediated gene flow and fine-scale spatial genetic structure in Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:671-679. [PMID: 28028015 PMCID: PMC5571374 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wild olive ( Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris ) is important from an economic and ecological point of view. The effects of anthropogenic activities may lead to the genetic erosion of its genetic patrimony, which has high value for breeding programmes. In particular, the consequences of the introgression from cultivated stands are strongly dependent on the extent of gene flow and therefore this work aims at quantitatively describing contemporary gene flow patterns in wild olive natural populations. METHODS The studied wild population is located in an undisturbed forest, in southern Spain, considered one of the few extant hotspots of true oleaster diversity. A total of 225 potential father trees and seeds issued from five mother trees were genotyped by eight microsatellite markers. Levels of contemporary pollen flow, in terms of both pollen immigration rates and within-population dynamics, were measured through paternity analyses. Moreover, the extent of fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) was studied to assess the relative importance of seed and pollen dispersal in shaping the spatial distribution of genetic variation. KEY RESULTS The results showed that the population under study is characterized by a high genetic diversity, a relatively high pollen immigration rate (0·57), an average within-population pollen dispersal of about 107 m and weak but significant SGS up to 40 m. The population is a mosaic of several intermingled genetic clusters that is likely to be generated by spatially restricted seed dispersal. Moreover, wild oleasters were found to be self-incompatible and preferential mating between some genotypes was revealed. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the within-population genetic structure and gene flow dynamics will lead to identifying possible strategies aimed at limiting the effect of anthropogenic activities and improving breeding programmes for the conservation of olive tree forest genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Beghè
- Department of Food Science, Parco Area delle Scienze, 95/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Tree and Timber (IVALSA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - A. Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Z. Satovic
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. de la Rosa
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - A. Belaj
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro ‘Alameda del Obispo’, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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19
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Muñoz-Pajares AJ, García C, Abdelaziz M, Bosch J, Perfectti F, Gómez JM. Drivers of genetic differentiation in a generalist insect-pollinated herb across spatial scales. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1576-1585. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Muñoz-Pajares
- Plant Biology; CIBIO/InBio; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - C. García
- Plant Biology; CIBIO/InBio; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - M. Abdelaziz
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; School of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - J. Bosch
- CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Perfectti
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - J. M. Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZACSIC); Almería Spain
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20
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Moracho E, Moreno G, Jordano P, Hampe A. Unusually limited pollen dispersal and connectivity of Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) refugial populations at the species' southern range margin. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3319-31. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Moracho
- Integrative Ecology Group; Estación Biológica de Doñana; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla E-41092 Spain
| | - G. Moreno
- Forest Research Group; Universidad de Extremadura; Plasencia 10600 Spain
| | - P. Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group; Estación Biológica de Doñana; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n Sevilla E-41092 Spain
| | - A. Hampe
- UMR 1202 BIOGECO; INRA; Cestas F-33610 France
- UMR 1202 BIOGECO; University of Bordeaux; Pessac F-33615 France
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21
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Guidugli MC, Nazareno AG, Feres JM, Contel EPB, Mestriner MA, Alzate-Marin AL. Small but not isolated: a population genetic survey of the tropical tree Cariniana estrellensis (Lecythidaceae) in a highly fragmented habitat. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 116:339-47. [PMID: 26732014 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we explore the mating pattern and genetic structure of a tropical tree species, Cariniana estrellensis, in a small population in which progeny arrays (n=399), all adults (n=28) and all seedlings (n=39) were genotyped at nine highly informative microsatellite loci. From progeny arrays we were able to identify the source tree for at least 78% of pollination events. The gene immigration rates, mainly attributable to pollen, were high, varying from 23.5 to 53%. Although gene dispersal over long distance was observed, the effective gene dispersal distances within the small population were relatively short, with mean pollination distances varying from 69.9 to 146.9 m, and seed dispersal distances occurring up to a mean of 119.6 m. Mating system analyses showed that C. estrellensis is an allogamous species (tm=0.999), with both biparental inbreeding (tm-ts=-0.016) and selfing rates (s=0.001) that are not significantly different from zero. Even though the population is small, the presence of private alleles in both seedlings and progeny arrays and the elevated rates of gene immigration indicate that the C. estrellensis population is not genetically isolated. However, genetic diversity expressed by allelic richness was significantly lower in postfragmentation life stages. Although there was a loss of genetic diversity, indicating susceptibility of C. estrellensis to habitat fragmentation, no evidence of inbreeding or spatial genetic structure was observed across generations. Overall, C. estrellensis showed some resilience to negative genetic effects of habitat fragmentation, but conservation strategies are needed to preserve the remaining genetic diversity of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Guidugli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética-Bloco B, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A G Nazareno
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J M Feres
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética-Bloco B, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E P B Contel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética-Bloco B, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Mestriner
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética-Bloco B, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A L Alzate-Marin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética-Bloco B, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Sork VL. Gene flow and natural selection shape spatial patterns of genes in tree populations: implications for evolutionary processes and applications. Evol Appl 2016; 9:291-310. [PMID: 27087853 PMCID: PMC4780383 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A central question in evolutionary biology is how gene flow and natural selection shape geographic patterns of genotypic and phenotypic variation. My overall research program has pursued this question in tree populations through complementary lines of inquiry. First, through studies of contemporary pollen and seed movement, I have studied how limited gene movement creates fine-scale genetic structure, while long-distance gene flow promotes connectivity. My collaborators and I have provided new tools to study these processes at a landscape scale as well as statistical tests to determine whether changes in landscape conditions or dispersal vectors affect gene movement. Second, my research on spatial patterns of genetic variation has investigated the interacting impacts of geography and climate on gene flow and selection. Third, using next-generation genomic tools, I am now studying genetic variation on the landscape to find initial evidence of climate-associated local adaptation and epigenetic variation to explore its role in plant response to the climate. By integrating these separate lines of inquiry, this research provides specific insight into real-world mechanisms shaping evolution in tree populations and potential impacts of landscape transformation and climate change on these populations, with the prospective goal of contributing to their management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute of Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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23
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Tambarussi EV, Boshier D, Vencovsky R, Freitas MLM, Sebbenn AM. Paternity analysis reveals significant isolation and near neighbor pollen dispersal in small Cariniana legalis Mart. Kuntze populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:5588-600. [PMID: 27069608 PMCID: PMC4813111 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, large trees are increasingly rare. Cariniana legalis is the tallest tree species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, reaching up to 60 m in height. Due to extensive deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, remnant C. legalis populations are small and spatially isolated, requiring the development of strategies for their conservation. For in situ and ex situ genetic conservation to be effective, it is important to understand the levels and patterns of spatial genetic structure (SGS), and gene flow. We investigated SGS and pollen flow in three small, physically isolated C. legalis stands using microsatellite loci. We measured, mapped, and sampled all C. legalis trees in the three stands: 65 trees from Ibicatu population, 22 trees from MGI, and 4 trees from MGII. We also collected and genotyped 600 seeds from Ibicatu, 250 seeds from MGI, and 200 seeds from MGII. Significant SGS was detected in Ibicatu up to 150 m, but substantial levels of external pollen flow were also detected in Ibicatu (8%), although not in MGI (0.4%) or MGII (0%). Selfing was highest in MGII (18%), the smallest group of trees, compared to MGI (6.4%) and Ibicatu (6%). In MGI and MGII, there was a strong pattern of mating among near‐neighbors. Seed collection strategies for breeding, in situ and ex situ conservation and ecological restoration, must ensure collection from seed trees located at distances greater than 350 m and from several forest fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro V Tambarussi
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Caixa Postal 9 Piracicaba 13418-900 Brazil
| | - David Boshier
- Department of Plant Sciences South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB UK
| | - Roland Vencovsky
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" Universidade de São Paulo Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Caixa Postal 9 Piracicaba 13418-900 Brazil
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George JP, Konrad H, Collin E, Thevenet J, Ballian D, Idzojtic M, Kamm U, Zhelev P, Geburek T. High molecular diversity in the true service tree (Sorbus domestica) despite rareness: data from Europe with special reference to the Austrian occurrence. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:1105-1115. [PMID: 25878141 PMCID: PMC4648458 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sorbus domestica (Rosaceae) is one of the rarest deciduous tree species in Europe and is characterized by a scattered distribution. To date, no large-scale geographic studies on population genetics have been carried out. Therefore, the aims of this study were to infer levels of molecular diversity across the major part of the European distribution of S. domestica and to determine its population differentiation and structure. In addition, spatial genetic structure was examined together with the patterns of historic and recent gene flow between two adjacent populations. METHODS Leaf or cambium samples were collected from 17 populations covering major parts of the European native range from north-west France to south-east Bulgaria. Seven nuclear microsatellites and one chloroplast minisatellite were examined and analysed using a variety of methods. KEY RESULTS Allelic richness was unexpectedly high for both markers within populations (mean per locus: 3·868 for nSSR and 1·647 for chloroplast minisatellite). Moreover, there was no evidence of inbreeding (mean Fis = -0·047). The Italian Peninsula was characterized as a geographic region with comparatively high genetic diversity for both genomes. Overall population differentiation was moderate (FST = 0·138) and it was clear that populations formed three groups in Europe, namely France, Mediterranean/Balkan and Austria. Historic gene flow between two local Austrian populations was high and asymmetric, while recent gene flow seemed to be disrupted. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that molecular mechanisms such as self-incompatibility and high gene flow distances are responsible for the observed level of allelic richness as well as for population differentiation. However, human influence could have contributed to the present genetic pattern, especially in the Mediterranean region. Comparison of historic and recent gene flow may mirror the progress of habitat fragmentation in eastern Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Peter George
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Heino Konrad
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Eric Collin
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jean Thevenet
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dalibor Ballian
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marilena Idzojtic
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Urs Kamm
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter Zhelev
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Geburek
- BFW, Federal Research and Training Center for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape, Department of Forest Genetics, Hauptstraße 7, 1140 Vienna, Austria, IRSTEA, Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnment et l'Agriculture, Domaine des Barres, 45290 Nogent sur vernisson, France, INRA, Unite experimentale Entomologie et Foret Mediterraneenne, Domaine Saint Paul-Site Agroparc, CS 40509, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sarajevo, Zagrebacka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation, Ecological Genetics, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland and University of Forestry, 10 Kliment Ohridski blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
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25
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Tani N, Tsumura Y, Fukasawa K, Kado T, Taguchi Y, Lee SL, Lee CT, Muhammad N, Niiyama K, Otani T, Yagihashi T, Tanouchi H, Ripin A, Kassim AR. Mixed Mating System Are Regulated by Fecundity in Shorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae) as Revealed by Comparison under Different Pollen Limited Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123445. [PMID: 25938512 PMCID: PMC4418579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of mixed mating was studied in Shorea curtisii, a dominant and widely distributed dipterocarp species in Southeast Asia. Paternity and hierarchical Bayesian analyses were used to estimate the parameters of pollen dispersal kernel, male fecundity and self-pollen affinity. We hypothesized that partial self incompatibility and/or inbreeding depression reduce the number of selfed seeds if the mother trees receive sufficient pollen, whereas reproductive assurance increases the numbers of selfed seeds under low amounts of pollen. Comparison of estimated parameters of self-pollen affinity between high density undisturbed and low density selectively logged forests indicated that self-pollen was selectively excluded from mating in the former, probably due to partial self incompatibility or inbreeding depression until seed maturation. By estimating the self-pollen affinity of each mother tree in both forests, mother trees with higher amount of self-pollen indicated significance of self-pollen affinity with negative estimated value. The exclusion of self-fertilization and/or inbreeding depression during seed maturation occurred in the mother trees with large female fecundity, whereas reproductive assurance increased self-fertilization in the mother trees with lower female fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tani
- Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshihiko Tsumura
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keita Fukasawa
- Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kado
- Hayama Center for Advanced Studies, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Taguchi
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Soon Leong Lee
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ting Lee
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norwati Muhammad
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kaoru Niiyama
- Bureau of International Partnership, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Otani
- Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Asakuranishi-machi, Kochi-shi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yagihashi
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanouchi
- Shikoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Asakuranishi-machi, Kochi-shi, Kochi, Japan
| | - Azizi Ripin
- Green Forest Resources, Rawang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Kassim
- Forestry and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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26
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Roumet M, Cayre A, Latreille M, Muller MH. Quantifying temporal isolation: a modelling approach assessing the effect of flowering time differences on crop-to-weed pollen flow in sunflower. Evol Appl 2015; 8:64-74. [PMID: 25667603 PMCID: PMC4310582 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering time divergence can be a crucial component of reproductive isolation between sympatric populations, but few studies have quantified its actual contribution to the reduction of gene flow. In this study, we aimed at estimating pollen-mediated gene flow between cultivated sunflower and a weedy conspecific sunflower population growing in the same field and at quantifying, how it is affected by the weeds' flowering time. For that purpose, we extended an existing mating model by including a temporal distance (i.e. flowering time difference between potential parents) effect on mating probabilities. Using phenological and genotypic data gathered on the crop and on a sample of the weedy population and its offspring, we estimated an average hybridization rate of approximately 10%. This rate varied strongly from 30% on average for weeds flowering at the crop flowering peak to 0% when the crop finished flowering and was affected by the local density of weeds. Our result also suggested the occurrence of other factors limiting crop-to-weed gene flow. This level of gene flow and its dependence on flowering time might influence the evolutionary fate of weedy sunflower populations sympatric to their crop relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Roumet
- INRA, UMR 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (AGAP) Montpellier Cedex 1, France ; ETH Zurich, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ) Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Cayre
- INRA, UMR 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (AGAP) Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Muriel Latreille
- INRA, UMR 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (AGAP) Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Muller
- INRA, UMR 1334, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (AGAP) Montpellier Cedex 1, France
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27
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Alía R, Chambel R, Notivol E, Climent J, González-Martínez SC. Environment-dependent microevolution in a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton). BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:200. [PMID: 25245540 PMCID: PMC4177426 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A central question for understanding the evolutionary responses of plant species to rapidly changing environments is the assessment of their potential for short-term (in one or a few generations) genetic change. In our study, we consider the case of Pinus pinaster Aiton (maritime pine), a widespread Mediterranean tree, and (i) test, under different experimental conditions (growth chamber and semi-natural), whether higher recruitment in the wild from the most successful mothers is due to better performance of their offspring; and (ii) evaluate genetic change in quantitative traits across generations at two different life stages (mature trees and seedlings) that are known to be under strong selection pressure in forest trees. Results Genetic control was high for most traits (h2 = 0.137-0.876) under the milder conditions of the growth chamber, but only for ontogenetic change (0.276), total height (0.415) and survival (0.719) under the more stressful semi-natural conditions. Significant phenotypic selection gradients were found in mature trees for traits related to seed quality (germination rate and number of empty seeds). Moreover, female relative reproductive success was significantly correlated with offspring performance for specific leaf area (SLA) in the growth chamber experiment, and stem mass fraction (SMF) in the experiment under semi-natural conditions, two adaptive traits related to abiotic stress-response in pines. Selection gradients based on genetic covariance of seedling traits and responses to selection at this stage involved traits related to biomass allocation (SMF) and growth (as decomposed by a Gompertz model) or delayed ontogenetic change, depending also on the testing environment. Conclusions Despite the evidence of microevolutionary change in adaptive traits in maritime pine, directional or disruptive changes are difficult to predict due to variable selection at different life stages and environments. At mature-tree stages, higher female effective reproductive success can be explained by differences in their production of offspring (due to seed quality) and, to a lesser extent, by seemingly better adapted seedlings. Selection gradients and responses to selection for seedlings also differed across experimental conditions. The distinct processes involved at the two life stages (mature trees or seedlings) together with environment-specific responses advice caution when predicting likely evolutionary responses to environmental change in Mediterranean forest trees. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0200-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Santiago C González-Martínez
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, INIA-Forest Research Centre (CIFOR), Avda, A Coruña km 7,5, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Wang J. Estimation of migration rates from marker-based parentage analysis. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3191-213. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London NW1 4RY UK
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29
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Lagache L, Klein EK, Ducousso A, Petit RJ. Distinct male reproductive strategies in two closely related oak species. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4331-43. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lélia Lagache
- INRA; UMR 1202 Biogeco; F-33610 Cestas France
- Univ. Bordeaux; UMR1202 Biogeco; F-33400 Talence France
| | - Etienne K. Klein
- Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP); INRA; UR546; F-84914 Avignon France
| | - Alexis Ducousso
- INRA; UMR 1202 Biogeco; F-33610 Cestas France
- Univ. Bordeaux; UMR1202 Biogeco; F-33400 Talence France
| | - Rémy J. Petit
- INRA; UMR 1202 Biogeco; F-33610 Cestas France
- Univ. Bordeaux; UMR1202 Biogeco; F-33400 Talence France
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30
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Stabilizing selection on nectar concentration in wild Petunia axillaris, as revealed by genetic analysis of pollen dispersal. Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Saro I, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ, González-Pérez MA, Sosa PA. Patterns of pollen dispersal in a small population of the Canarian endemic palm (Phoenix canariensis). Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 113:215-23. [PMID: 24619186 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2014.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity of small populations is greatly influenced by local dispersal patterns and genetic connectivity among populations, with pollen dispersal being the major component of gene flow in many plants species. Patterns of pollen dispersal, mating system parameters and spatial genetic structure were investigated in a small isolated population of the emblematic palm Phoenix canariensis in Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands). All adult palms present in the study population (n=182), as well as 616 seeds collected from 22 female palms, were mapped and genotyped at 8 microsatellite loci. Mating system analysis revealed an average of 5.8 effective pollen donors (Nep) per female. There was strong variation in correlated paternity rates across maternal progenies (ranging from null to 0.9) that could not be explained by the location and density of local males around focal females. Paternity analysis revealed a mean effective pollen dispersal distance of ∼71 m, with ∼70% of effective pollen originating from a distance of <75 m, and 90% from <200 m. A spatially explicit mating model indicated a leptokurtic pollen dispersal kernel, significant pollen immigration (12%) from external palm groves and a directional pollen dispersal pattern that seems consistent with local altitudinal air movement. No evidence of inbreeding or genetic diversity erosion was found, but spatial genetic structure was detected in the small palm population. Overall, the results suggest substantial pollen dispersal over the studied population, genetic connectivity among different palm groves and some resilience to neutral genetic erosion and subsequently to fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Saro
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Conservación y Territorio, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J J Robledo-Arnuncio
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Forest Research Center (CIFOR), INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A González-Pérez
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Conservación y Territorio, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - P A Sosa
- Grupo de Biogeografía, Conservación y Territorio, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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32
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Lara-Romero C, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ, García-Fernández A, Iriondo JM. Assessing intraspecific variation in effective dispersal along an altitudinal gradient: a test in two Mediterranean high-mountain plants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87189. [PMID: 24489867 PMCID: PMC3906119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant recruitment depends among other factors on environmental conditions and their variation at different spatial scales. Characterizing dispersal in contrasting environments may thus be necessary to understand natural intraspecific variation in the processes underlying recruitment. Silene ciliata and Armeria caespitosa are two representative species of cryophilic pastures above the tree line in Mediterranean high mountains. No explicit estimations of dispersal kernels have been made so far for these or other high-mountain plants. Such data could help to predict their dispersal and recruitment patterns in a context of changing environments under ongoing global warming. METHODS We used an inverse modelling approach to analyse effective seed dispersal patterns in five populations of both Silene ciliata and Armeria caespitosa along an altitudinal gradient in Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, Spain). We considered four commonly employed two-dimensional seedling dispersal kernels exponential-power, 2Dt, WALD and log-normal. KEY RESULTS No single kernel function provided the best fit across all populations, although estimated mean dispersal distances were short (<1 m) in all cases. S. ciliata did not exhibit significant among-population variation in mean dispersal distance, whereas significant differences in mean dispersal distance were found in A. caespitosa. Both S. ciliata and A. caespitosa exhibited among-population variation in the fecundity parameter and lacked significant variation in kernel shape. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the complexity of intraspecific variation in the processes underlying recruitment, showing that effective dispersal kernels can remain relatively invariant across populations within particular species, even if there are strong variations in demographic structure and/or physical environment among populations, while the invariant dispersal assumption may not hold for other species in the same environment. Our results call for a case-by-case analysis in a wider range of plant taxa and environments to assess the prevalence and magnitude of intraspecific dispersal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lara-Romero
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo García-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Institut Botanic de Barcelona, IBB-CSIC-IQUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Iriondo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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33
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Gerber S, Chadœuf J, Gugerli F, Lascoux M, Buiteveld J, Cottrell J, Dounavi A, Fineschi S, Forrest LL, Fogelqvist J, Goicoechea PG, Jensen JS, Salvini D, Vendramin GG, Kremer A. High rates of gene flow by pollen and seed in oak populations across Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85130. [PMID: 24454802 PMCID: PMC3890301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow is a key factor in the evolution of species, influencing effective population size, hybridisation and local adaptation. We analysed local gene flow in eight stands of white oak (mostly Quercus petraea and Q. robur, but also Q. pubescens and Q. faginea) distributed across Europe. Adult trees within a given area in each stand were exhaustively sampled (range [239, 754], mean 423), mapped, and acorns were collected ([17,147], 51) from several mother trees ([3], [47], 23). Seedlings ([65,387], 178) were harvested and geo-referenced in six of the eight stands. Genetic information was obtained from screening distinct molecular markers spread across the genome, genotyping each tree, acorn or seedling. All samples were thus genotyped at 5–8 nuclear microsatellite loci. Fathers/parents were assigned to acorns and seedlings using likelihood methods. Mating success of male and female parents, pollen and seed dispersal curves, and also hybridisation rates were estimated in each stand and compared on a continental scale. On average, the percentage of the wind-borne pollen from outside the stand was 60%, with large variation among stands (21–88%). Mean seed immigration into the stand was 40%, a high value for oaks that are generally considered to have limited seed dispersal. However, this estimate varied greatly among stands (20–66%). Gene flow was mostly intraspecific, with large variation, as some trees and stands showed particularly high rates of hybridisation. Our results show that mating success was unevenly distributed among trees. The high levels of gene flow suggest that geographically remote oak stands are unlikely to be genetically isolated, questioning the static definition of gene reserves and seed stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gerber
- BIOGECO, UMR1202, INRA, Cestas, France ; BIOGECO, UMR1202, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Felix Gugerli
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Lascoux
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Joan Cottrell
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Aikaterini Dounavi
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Fineschi
- Institute for Plant Protection, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Laura L Forrest
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Fogelqvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, EBC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Daniela Salvini
- Institute for Plant Protection, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy ; Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanni G Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Antoine Kremer
- BIOGECO, UMR1202, INRA, Cestas, France ; BIOGECO, UMR1202, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
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Robledo-Arnuncio JJ, Klein EK, Muller-Landau HC, Santamaría L. Space, time and complexity in plant dispersal ecology. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2014; 2:16. [PMID: 25709828 PMCID: PMC4337469 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-014-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal of pollen and seeds are essential functions of plant species, with far-reaching demographic, ecological and evolutionary consequences. Interest in plant dispersal has increased with concerns about the persistence of populations and species under global change. We argue here that advances in plant dispersal ecology research will be determined by our ability to surmount challenges of spatiotemporal scales and heterogeneities and ecosystem complexity. Based on this framework, we propose a selected set of research questions, for which we suggest some specific objectives and methodological approaches. Reviewed topics include multiple vector contributions to plant dispersal, landscape-dependent dispersal patterns, long-distance dispersal events, spatiotemporal variation in dispersal, and the consequences of dispersal for plant communities, populations under climate change, and anthropogenic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Robledo-Arnuncio
- />Department of Forest Ecology & Genetics, INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Etienne K Klein
- />INRA, UR546 Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Avignon, France
| | - Helene C Muller-Landau
- />Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092 Panamá, Republica de Panamá
| | - Luis Santamaría
- />Spatial Ecology Group, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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Masuda S, Tani N, Ueno S, Lee SL, Muhammad N, Kondo T, Numata S, Tsumura Y. Non-density dependent pollen dispersal of Shorea maxwelliana (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by a Bayesian mating model based on paternity analysis in two synchronized flowering seasons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82039. [PMID: 24391712 PMCID: PMC3876983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinator syndrome is one of the most important determinants regulating pollen dispersal in tropical tree species. It has been widely accepted that the reproduction of tropical forest species, especially dipterocarps that rely on insects with weak flight for their pollination, is positively density-dependent. However differences in pollinator syndrome should affect pollen dispersal patterns and, consequently, influence genetic diversity via the mating process. We examined the pollen dispersal pattern and mating system of Shorea maxwelliana, the flowers of which are larger than those of Shorea species belonging to section Mutica which are thought to be pollinated by thrips (weak flyers). A Bayesian mating model based on the paternity of seeds collected from mother trees during sporadic and mass flowering events revealed that the estimated pollen dispersal kernel and average pollen dispersal distance were similar for both flowering events. This evidence suggests that the putative pollinators – small beetles and weevils – effectively contribute to pollen dispersal and help to maintain a high outcrossing rate even during sporadic flowering events. However, the reduction in pollen donors during a sporadic event results in a reduction in effective pollen donors, which should lead to lower genetic diversity in the next generation derived from seeds produced during such an event. Although sporadic flowering has been considered less effective for outcrossing in Shorea species that depend on thrips for their pollination, effective pollen dispersal by the small beetles and weevils ensures outcrossing during periods of low flowering tree density, as occurs in a sporadic flowering event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Masuda
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Tani
- Forestry Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (NT); (YT)
| | - Saneyoshi Ueno
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Soon Leong Lee
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norwati Muhammad
- Forestry Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Toshiaki Kondo
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Numata
- Faculty and Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tsumura
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail: (NT); (YT)
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Gauzere J, Oddou-Muratorio S, Pichot C, Lefèvre F, Klein E. Biases in quantitative genetic analyses using open-pollinated progeny tests from natural tree populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2013.822827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chumacero de Schawe C, Durka W, Tscharntke T, Hensen I, Kessler M. Gene flow and genetic diversity in cultivated and wild cacao (Theobroma cacao) in Bolivia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2271-2279. [PMID: 24158148 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The role of pollen flow within and between cultivated and wild tropical crop species is little known. To study the pollen flow of cacao, we estimated the degree of self-pollination and pollen dispersal distances as well as gene flow between wild and cultivated cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). METHODS We studied pollen flow and genetic diversity of cultivated and wild cacao populations by genotyping 143 wild and 86 cultivated mature plants and 374 seedlings raised from 19 wild and 25 cultivated trees at nine microsatellite loci. KEY RESULTS A principal component analysis distinguished wild and cultivated cacao trees, supporting the notion that Bolivia harbors truly wild cacao populations. Cultivated cacao had a higher level of genetic diversity than wild cacao, presumably reflecting the varied origin of cultivated plants. Both cacao types had high outcrossing rates, but the paternity analysis revealed 7-14% self-pollination in wild and cultivated cacao. Despite the tiny size of the pollinators, pollen was transported distances up to 3 km; wild cacao showed longer distances (mean = 922 m) than cultivated cacao (826 m). Our data revealed that 16-20% of pollination events occurred between cultivated and wild populations. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of self-pollination in both wild and cultivated cacao. Pollination distances are larger than those typically reported in tropical understory tree species. The relatively high pollen exchange from cultivated to wild cacao compromises genetic identity of wild populations, calling for the protection of extensive natural forest tracts to protect wild cacao in Bolivia.
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Gauzere J, Klein EK, Oddou-Muratorio S. Ecological determinants of mating system within and between three Fagus sylvatica populations along an elevational gradient. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5001-15. [PMID: 23952125 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies addressing the variation of mating system between plant populations rarely account for the variability of these parameters between individuals within populations, although this variability is often non-negligible. Here, we propose a new direct method based on paternity analyses (Mixed Effect Mating Model) to estimate individual migration (mi ) and selfing rates (si ) together with the pollen dispersal kernel. Using this method and the KINDIST approach, we investigated the variation of mating system parameters within and between three populations of Fagus sylvatica along an elevational gradient. Among the mother trees, si varied from 0% to 48%, mi varied from 12% to 86% and the effective number of pollen donors (Nepi ) varied from 2 to 364. The mating patterns differed along the gradient, the top population showing higher m and lower s, and a trend to higher Nep than the bottom populations. The phenological lag shaped long-distance pollen flow both within population (by increasing mi at mother-tree level) and between populations (by increasing m at high elevation). Rather than the mate density, the canopy density was detected as a major mating system determinant within population; it acted as a barrier to pollen flow, decreasing the proportion of long-distance pollen flow and increasing si . Overall, the effects of ecological factors on mating system were not the same within vs. between populations across the gradient, and these factors also differed from those traditionally found to shape variation at range-wide scale, highlighting the interest of multiscale approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gauzere
- INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), F-84914, Avignon, France; INRA, UR546 Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), F-84914, Avignon, France
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Chybicki IJ, Burczyk J. Seeing the forest through the trees: comprehensive inference on individual mating patterns in a mixed stand of Quercus robur and Q. petraea. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 112:561-74. [PMID: 23788747 PMCID: PMC3718219 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sexual reproduction is one of the most important moments in a life cycle, determining the genetic composition of individual offspring. Controlled pollination experiments often show high variation in the mating system at the individual level, suggesting a persistence of individual variation in natural populations. Individual variation in mating patterns may have significant adaptive implications for a population and for the entire species. Nevertheless, field data rarely address individual differences in mating patterns, focusing rather on averages. This study aimed to quantify individual variation in the different components of mating patterns. METHODS Microsatellite data were used from 421 adult trees and 1911 seeds, structured in 72 half-sib families collected in a single mixed stand of Quercus robur and Q. petraea in northern Poland. Using a Bayesian approach, mating patterns were investigated, taking into account pollen dispersal, male fecundity, possible hybridization and heterogeneity in immigrant pollen pools. KEY RESULTS Pollen dispersal followed a heavy-tailed distribution (283 m on average). In spite of high pollen mobility, immigrant pollen pools showed strong genetic structuring among mothers. At the individual level, immigrant pollen pools showed highly variable divergence rates, revealing that sources of immigrant pollen can vary greatly among particular trees. Within the stand, the distribution of male fecundity appeared highly skewed, with a small number of dominant males, resulting in a ratio of census to effective density of pollen donors of 5·3. Male fecundity was not correlated with tree diameter but showed strong cline-like spatial variation. This pattern can be attributed to environmental variation. Quercus petraea revealed a greater preference (74 %) towards intraspecific mating than Q. robur (36 %), although mating preferences varied among trees. CONCLUSIONS Mating patterns can reveal great variation among individuals, even within a single even-age stand. The results show that trees can mate assortatively, with little respect for spatial proximity. Such selective mating may be a result of variable combining compatibility among trees due to genetic and/or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor J Chybicki
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Soubeyrand S, Carpentier F, Guiton F, Klein EK. Approximate Bayesian computation with functional statistics. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2013; 12:17-37. [PMID: 23446870 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2012-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional statistics are commonly used to characterize spatial patterns in general and spatial genetic structures in population genetics in particular. Such functional statistics also enable the estimation of parameters of spatially explicit (and genetic) models. Recently, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) has been proposed to estimate model parameters from functional statistics. However, applying ABC with functional statistics may be cumbersome because of the high dimension of the set of statistics and the dependences among them. To tackle this difficulty, we propose an ABC procedure which relies on an optimized weighted distance between observed and simulated functional statistics. We applied this procedure to a simple step model, a spatial point process characterized by its pair correlation function and a pollen dispersal model characterized by genetic differentiation as a function of distance. These applications showed how the optimized weighted distance improved estimation accuracy. In the discussion, we consider the application of the proposed ABC procedure to functional statistics characterizing non-spatial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Soubeyrand
- INRA, UR546 Biostatistics and Spatial Processes, F-84914 Avignon, France.
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Setsuko S, Nagamitsu T, Tomaru N. Pollen flow and effects of population structure on selfing rates and female and male reproductive success in fragmented Magnolia stellata populations. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:10. [PMID: 23517612 PMCID: PMC3670206 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fragmentation of plant populations may affect mating patterns and female and male reproductive success. To improve understanding of fragmentation effects on plant reproduction, we investigated the pollen flow patterns in six adjacent local populations of Magnolia stellata, an insect-pollinated, threatened tree species in Japan, and assessed effects of maternal plant (genet) size, local genet density, population size and neighboring population size on female reproductive success (seed production rates), and effects of mating distance, paternal genet size, population size and separation of populations on male reproductive success. Results The seed production rate, i.e. the proportion of ovules that successfully turned into seeds, varied between 1.0 and 6.5%, and increased with increasing population size and neighboring population size, and with decreasing maternal genet size and local genet density. The selfing rate varied between 3.6 and 28.9%, and increased with increasing maternal genet size and with declining local genet density. Male reproductive success increased with increasing paternal genet size, and decreased with increasing mating distance and separation of population. Pollen flow between the populations was low (6.1%) and highly leptocurtic. Conclusions Our results indicate that habitat fragmentation, separation and reduced size of populations, affected mating patterns and reproductive success of M. stellata. Local competition for pollinators and plant display size were likely to alter the reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuki Setsuko
- Department of Forest Genetics, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan.
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Lagache L, Klein EK, Guichoux E, Petit RJ. Fine-scale environmental control of hybridization in oaks. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:423-36. [PMID: 23173566 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural hybridization is attracting much interest in modern speciation and conservation biology studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear why environmental changes often increase hybridization rates. To study this question, we surveyed mating events in a mixed oak stand and developed a spatially explicit individual-based hybridization model. This model, where hybridization is frequency-dependent, pollen is nonlimiting and which allows immigrant pollen to compete with local pollen, takes into account species-specific pollen dispersal and sexual barriers to hybridization. The consequences of pollen limitation on hybridization were studied using another simple model. The results indicate that environmental changes could increase hybridization rates through two distinct mechanisms. First, by disrupting the spatial organization of communities, they should decrease the proportion of conspecific pollen available for mating, thus increasing hybridization rates. Second, by decreasing the density of conspecifics, they should increase pollen limitation and thus hybridization rates, as a consequence of chance pollination predominating over deterministic pollen competition. Altogether, our results point to a need for considering hybridization events at the appropriate level of organization and provide new insights into why hybridization rates generally increase in disturbed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lélia Lagache
- INRA, UMR1202 Biogeco, F- 33610, Cestas, France; UMR1202 Biogeco, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400, Talence, France
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Albaladejo RG, Guzmán B, González-Martínez SC, Aparicio A. Extensive pollen flow but few pollen donors and high reproductive variance in an extremely fragmented landscape. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49012. [PMID: 23152842 PMCID: PMC3495779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysing pollen movement is a key to understanding the reproductive system of plant species and how it is influenced by the spatial distribution of potential mating partners in fragmented populations. Here we infer parameters related to levels of pollen movement and diversity of the effective pollen cloud for the wind-pollinated shrub Pistacia lentiscus across a highly disturbed landscape using microsatellite loci. Paternity analysis and the indirect KinDist and Mixed Effect Mating models were used to assess mating patterns, the pollen dispersal kernel, the effective number of males (Nep) and their relative individual fertility, as well as the existence of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in adult plants. All methods showed extensive pollen movement, with high rates of pollen flow from outside the study site (up to 73–93%), fat-tailed dispersal kernels and large average pollination distances (δ = 229–412 m). However, they also agreed in detecting very few pollen donors (Nep = 4.3–10.2) and a large variance in their reproductive success: 70% of males did not sire any offspring among the studied female plants and 5.5% of males were responsible for 50% of pollinations. Although we did not find reduced levels of genetic diversity, the adult population showed high levels of biparental inbreeding (14%) and strong spatial genetic structure (Sp = 0.012), probably due to restricted seed dispersal and scarce safe sites for recruitment. Overall, limited seed dispersal and the scarcity of successful pollen donors can be contributing to generate local pedigrees and to increase inbreeding, the prelude of genetic impoverishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Albaladejo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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Scheepens JF, Frei ES, Armbruster GFJ, Stöcklin J. Pollen dispersal and gene flow within and into a population of the alpine monocarpic plant Campanula thyrsoides. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1479-88. [PMID: 22718086 PMCID: PMC3489145 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gene flow by seed and pollen largely shapes the genetic structure within and among plant populations. Seed dispersal is often strongly spatially restricted, making gene flow primarily dependent on pollen dispersal within and into populations. To understand distance-dependent pollination success, pollen dispersal and gene flow were studied within and into a population of the alpine monocarpic perennial Campanula thyrsoides. METHODS A paternity analysis was performed on sampled seed families using microsatellites, genotyping 22 flowering adults and 331 germinated offspring to estimate gene flow, and pollen analogues were used to estimate pollen dispersal. The focal population was situated among 23 genetically differentiated populations on a subalpine mountain plateau (<10 km(2)) in central Switzerland. KEY RESULTS Paternity analysis assigned 110 offspring (33·2 %) to a specific pollen donor (i.e. 'father') in the focal population. Mean pollination distance was 17·4 m for these offspring, and the pollen dispersal curve based on positive LOD scores of all 331 offspring was strongly decreasing with distance. The paternal contribution from 20-35 offspring (6·0-10·5 %) originated outside the population, probably from nearby populations on the plateau. Multiple potential fathers were assigned to each of 186 offspring (56·2 %). The pollination distance to 'mother' plants was negatively affected by the mothers' degree of spatial isolation in the population. Variability in male mating success was not related to the degree of isolation of father plants. CONCLUSIONS Pollen dispersal patterns within the C. thyrsoides population are affected by spatial positioning of flowering individuals and pollen dispersal may therefore contribute to the course of evolution of populations of this species. Pollen dispersal into the population was high but apparently not strong enough to prevent the previously described substantial among-population differentiation on the plateau, which may be due to the monocarpic perenniality of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Scheepens
- Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Pannell JR. The ecology of plant populations: their dynamics, interactions and evolution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1351-5. [PMID: 24734260 PMCID: PMC3489153 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Nazareno AG, Reis MSD. Linking phenology to mating system: exploring the reproductive biology of the threatened palm species Butia eriospatha. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 103:842-52. [PMID: 23077230 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive biology of the vulnerable palm species Butia eriospatha was studied to provide important information that contributes to our understanding and conservation of the species. In order to determine when and how B. erisopatha reproduces, we combined data from 7 nuclear microsatellite loci with ecological data on flowering and fruiting phenology collected between 2009 and 2011 from a population (N = 515) in the Atlantic Rainforest, Southern Brazil. Periods of flowering and fruit production were seasonal and variable across reproductive events. Mating system analyses indicate that B. eriospatha is a predominantly outcrossing species, ((m) = 0.961), since a certain degree of biparental inbreeding does occur. The species is self-compatible and reproduction may also occur by geitonogamy, indicating the ability of isolated populations to survive and persist. Open-pollinated seeds varied in relatedness, including mainly half-sibs and full-sibs. The effective population size was lower than that expected for panmictic populations. Hence, seeds for conservation programs must be collected from a large number of seed-trees to ensure an adequate effective population in the sample. The collection of germplasm is a high-priority strategy that should be employed to maintain the genetic variability that remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gonçalves Nazareno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Federal University of Santa Catarina, CP 476, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Chevin LM, Collins S, Lefèvre F. Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary demographic responses to climate change: taking theory out to the field. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Miguel Chevin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (UMR 5175); 1919 route de Mende; 34293; Montpellier Cedex 5; France
| | - Sinéad Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh; Kings Buildings, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road; Edinburgh; EH9 3JT; UK
| | - François Lefèvre
- INRA, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes; UR 629, Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc; 84914; Avignon Cedex 9; France
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The pollen dispersal kernel and mating system of an insect-pollinated tropical palm, Oenocarpus bataua. Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 109:332-9. [PMID: 22892637 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen dispersal shapes the local genetic structure of plant populations and determines the opportunity for local selection and genetic drift, but has been well studied in few animal-pollinated plants in tropical rainforests. Here, we characterise pollen movement for an insect-pollinated Neotropical canopy palm, Oenocarpus bataua, and relate these data to adult mating system and population genetic structure. The study covers a 130-ha parcel in which all adult trees (n=185) were mapped and genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci, allowing us to positively identify the source tree for 90% of pollination events (n=287 of 318 events). Mating system analysis showed O. bataua was effectively outcrossed (t(m)=1.02) with little biparental inbreeding (t(m)-t(s)=-0.005) and an average of 5.4 effective pollen donors (N(ep)) per female. Dispersal distances were relatively large for an insect-pollinated species (mean=303 m, max=1263 m), and far exceeded nearest-neighbour distances. Dispersal kernel modelling indicated a thin-tailed Weibull distribution offered the best fit to the genetic data, which contrasts with the fat-tailed kernels typically reported for pollen dispersal in trees. Preliminary analyses suggest that our findings may be explained, at least in part, by a relatively diffuse spatial and temporal distribution of flowering trees. Comparison with previously reported estimates of seed movement for O. bataua suggests that pollen and seed dispersal distances may be similar. These findings add to the growing body of information on dispersal in insect-pollinated trees, but underscore the need for continued research on tropical systems in general, and palms in particular.
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De Cauwer I, Arnaud JF, Klein EK, Dufay M. Disentangling the causes of heterogeneity in male fecundity in gynodioecious Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:676-687. [PMID: 22691102 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Variation among individuals in reproductive success is advocated as a major process driving evolution of sexual polymorphisms in plants, such as gynodioecy where females and hermaphrodites coexist. In gynodioecious Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, sex determination involves cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear restorers of male fertility. Both restored CMS and non-CMS hermaphrodites co-occur. Genotype-specific differences in male fitness are theoretically expected to explain the maintenance of cytonuclear polymorphism. Using genotypic information on seedlings and flowering plants within two metapopulations, we investigated whether male fecundity was influenced by ecological, phenotypic and genetic factors, while taking into account the shape and scale of pollen dispersal. Along with spatially restricted pollen flow, we showed that male fecundity was affected by flowering synchrony, investment in reproduction, pollen production and cytoplasmic identity of potential fathers. Siring success of non-CMS hermaphrodites was higher than that of restored CMS hermaphrodites. However, the magnitude of the difference in fecundity depended on the likelihood of carrying restorer alleles for non-CMS hermaphrodites. Our results suggest the occurrence of a cost of silent restorers, a condition supported by scarce empirical evidence, but theoretically required to maintain a stable sexual polymorphism in gynodioecious species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I De Cauwer
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
- Present address: Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - J-F Arnaud
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - E K Klein
- INRA, UR 546, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, F-84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - M Dufay
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Évolution des Populations Végétales, UMR CNRS 8198, Bâtiment SN2, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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50
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Hoban SM, Schlarbaum SE, Brosi SL, Romero-Severson J. A rare case of natural regeneration in butternut, a threatened forest tree, is parent and space limited. CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-012-0386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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