1
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Caña-Bozada VH, Huerta-Ocampo JÁ, Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Elizalde-Contreras JM, May ER, Morales-Serna FN. Proteomic analysis of Neobenedenia sp. and Rhabdosynochus viridisi (Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea): Insights into potential vaccine targets and diagnostic markers for finfish aquaculture. Vet Parasitol 2024; 329:110196. [PMID: 38763120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Monogeneans are parasitic flatworms that represent a significant threat to the aquaculture industry. Species like Neobenedenia melleni (Capsalidae) and Rhabdosynochus viridisi (Diplectanidae) have been identified as causing diseases in farmed fish. In the past years, molecular research on monogeneans of the subclass Monopisthocotylea has focused on the generation of genomic and transcriptomic information and the identification in silico of some protein families of veterinary interest. Proteomic analysis has been suggested as a powerful tool to investigate proteins in parasites and identify potential targets for vaccine development and diagnosis. To date, the proteomic dataset for monogeneans has been restricted to a species of the subclass Polyopisthocotylea, while in monopisthocotyleans there is no proteomic data. In this study, we present the first proteomic data on two monopisthocotylean species, Neobenedenia sp. and R. viridisi, obtained from three distinct sample types: tissue, excretory-secretory products (ESPs), and eggs. A total of 1691 and 1846 expressed proteins were identified in Neobenedenia sp. and R. viridisi, respectively. The actin family was the largest protein family, followed by the tubulin family and the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. We focused mainly on ESPs because they are important to modulate the host immune system. We identified proteins of the actin, tubulin, HSP70 and HSP90 families in both tissue and ESPs, which have been recognized for their antigenic activities in parasitic flatworms. Furthermore, our study uncovered the presence of proteins within ESPs, such as annexin, calcium-binding protein, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, glutamate dehydrogenase, myoferlin, and paramyosin, that are targets for immunodiagnostic and vaccine development and hold paramount relevance in veterinary medicine. This study expands our knowledge of monogeneans and identified proteins that, in other platyhelminths are potential targets for vaccines and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eliel Ruiz May
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
| | - Francisco N Morales-Serna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82040, Mexico
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2
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Toledo R, Cociancic P, Fiallos E, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Immunology and pathology of echinostomes and other intestinal trematodes. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 124:1-55. [PMID: 38754926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal trematodes constitute a major group of helminths that parasitize humans and animals with relevant morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of the intestinal trematodes in medical and veterinary sciences, immunology and pathology of these helminth infections have been neglected for years. Apart from the work focused on the members of the family Echnistomatidae, there are only very isolated and sporadic studies on the representatives of other families of digeneans, which makes a compilation of all these studies necessary. In the present review, the most salient literature on the immunology and pathology of intestinal trematodes in their definitive hosts in examined. Emphasis will be placed on members of the echinostomatidae family, since it is the group in which the most work has been carried out. However, we also review the information on selected species of the families Brachylaimidae, Diplostomidae, Gymnophallidae, and Heterophyidae. For most of these families, coverage is considered under the following headings: (i) Background; (ii) Pathology of the infection; (iii) Immunology of the infection; and (iv) Human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Toledo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paola Cociancic
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Fiallos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Blanch-Ruíz MA, Sánchez-López A, Ríos-Navarro C, Ortega-Luna R, Collado-Díaz V, Orden S, Martínez-Cuesta MA, Esplugues JV, Álvarez Á. Abacavir causes leukocyte/platelet crosstalk by activating neutrophil P2X7 receptors thus releasing soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1516-1532. [PMID: 36541109 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abacavir, an antiretroviral drug used in HIV therapy associated with myocardial infarction, promotes thrombosis through P2X7 receptors. The role of platelets as pro-thrombotic cells is acknowledged whereas that of neutrophils-due to their secretory capacity-is gaining recognition. This study analyses the role of neutrophils-specifically the secretome of abacavir-treated neutrophils (SNABC )-in platelet activation that precedes thrombosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of abacavir or SNABC on platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interactions and expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) were analysed by flow cytometry. The secretome was analysed by proteomics. The role of leukocytes in the actions of abacavir was evaluated in a mouse model of thrombosis. KEY RESULTS Abacavir induced platelet-leukocyte interactions, not directly via effects of abacavir on platelets, but via activation of neutrophils, which triggered interactions between platelet P-selectin and neutrophil P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). SNABC stimulated platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interactions through a process that was dependent on LOX-1, neutrophil P2X7 and platelet P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1 receptors. Abacavir induced the expression of LOX-1 on neutrophils and of the soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) in SNABC . Neutrophils, LOX-1, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1 receptors were required for the pro-thrombotic actions of abacavir in vivo. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Neutrophils are target cells in abacavir-induced thrombosis. Abacavir released sLOX-1 from neutrophils via activation of their P2X7 receptors, which in turn activated platelets. Hence, sLOX-1 could be the missing link in the cardiovascular risk associated with abacavir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez-López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - César Ríos-Navarro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Ortega-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Collado-Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,FISABIO-Fundación Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Angeles Martínez-Cuesta
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,FISABIO-Fundación Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERehd, Valencia, Spain
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Soe BK, Adisakwattana P, Reamtong O, Anuracpreeda P, Sukhumavasi W. A first attempt at determining the antibody-specific pattern of Platynosomum fastosum crude antigen and identification of immunoreactive proteins for immunodiagnosis of feline platynosomiasis. Vet World 2022; 15:2029-2038. [PMID: 36313847 PMCID: PMC9615491 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2029-2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Feline platynosomiasis, also known as lizard poisoning, is a feline hepatic disease caused by the parasitic trematode Platynosomum fastosum. Since this helminth resides in biliary ducts and gallbladder, the heavy infection can lead to failure of the hepatobiliary system and can be associated with cholangiocarcinoma. The primary diagnostic tool currently used is conventional fecal microscopy. However, low sensitivity of detection could occur in the case of light infection or biliary obstruction. This study aimed to determine the antibody-specific pattern of P. fastosum crude antigen and to identify immunoreactive proteins to develop the immunodiagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods: We investigated potential antigens specific to P. fastosum infection using western blotting. Forty-six samples of cat serum, including 16 P. fastosum-infected sera, eight healthy control sera, and 22 sera infected with other endoparasites were used. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of each band were calculated. Immunoreactive bands with high diagnostic values were further analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the protein components. Results: Using immunoblotting, three proteins of 72 kDa, 53 kDa, and 13 kDa were found to be immunogenic. LC-MS/MS identified these proteins as a 70 kDa heat shock protein, a hypothetical protein (CRM22_002083) (adenosine triphosphate synthase subunit beta), and histone H2B, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first to reveal three proteins that could be candidates for developing diagnostic tools for feline platynosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babi Kyi Soe
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Parasitology Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Woraporn Sukhumavasi
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Feline Infectious Disease and Health for Excellence Research Unit, Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Liang S, Zhao Q, Ye Y, Zhu S, Dong H, Yu Y, Huang B, Han H. Characteristics analyses of Eimeria tenella 14-3-3 protein and verification of its interaction with calcium-dependent protein kinase 4. Eur J Protistol 2022; 85:125895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Trichuris trichiura egg extract proteome reveals potential diagnostic targets and immunomodulators. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009221. [PMID: 33760829 PMCID: PMC8021180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonated eggs are the infectious developmental stage of Trichuris trichiura and are the primary stimulus for the immune system of the definitive host. The intestinal-dwelling T. trichiura affects an estimated 465 million people worldwide with an estimated global burden of disease of 640 000 DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years). In Latin America and the Caribbean, trichuriasis is the most prevalent soil transmitted helminthiasis in the region (12.3%; 95% CI). The adverse health consequences impair childhood school performance and reduce school attendance resulting in lower future wage-earning capacity. The accumulation of the long-term effects translates into poverty promoting sequelae and a cycle of impoverishment. Each infective T. trichiura egg carries the antigens needed to face the immune system with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. We used a proteomic approach with tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the proteome of soluble non-embryonated egg extracts of T. trichiura obtained from naturally infected African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus). A total of 231 proteins were identified, 168 of them with known molecular functions. The proteome revealed common proteins families which are known to play roles in energy and metabolism; the cytoskeleton, muscle and motility; proteolysis; signaling; the stress response and detoxification; transcription and translation; and lipid binding and transport. In addition to the study of the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteome, the antigenic profile of the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg and female soluble proteins against serum antibodies from C. sabaeus naturally infected with trichuriasis was investigated. We used an immunoproteomic approach by Western blot and tandem mass spectrometry from the corresponding SDS-PAGE gels. Vitellogenin N and VWD and DUF1943 domain containing protein, poly-cysteine and histidine tailed protein isoform 2, heat shock protein 70, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, actin, and enolase, were among the potential immunoactive proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteome as a novel source of information on potential targets for immunodiagnostics and immunomodulators from a neglected tropical disease. This initial list of T. trichiura non-embryonated egg proteins (proteome and antigenic profile) can be used in future research on the immunobiology and pathogenesis of human trichuriasis and the treatment of human intestinal immune-related diseases. Who came first the worm or its egg? In the case of whipworm, we know it is the egg. The infective life cycle stage of the human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) is the primary stimulus for the immune system of the definitive host. Each infective whipworm egg carries the information needed to face the immune system of the host with a wide variety of proteins present in the shell, larvae’s surface, and the accompanying fluid that contains their excretions/secretions. We investigated the soluble proteins of the non-embryonated egg using an immunoproteomic approach and then selected the top five proteins using a series of bioinformatic analysis. We used these top five proteins to recognize potential targets for immunodiagnostics and immunomodulation while comparing them to known female worm proteins. We found that the proteins we selected were involved in lipid transport, energy and metabolism, and muscle and motility. One protein has unknown function.
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7
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miRNA profile of extracellular vesicles isolated from saliva of Haemaphysalis longicornis tick. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105718. [PMID: 32971070 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in host-parasite interactions. Previous studies have shown that parasites can release microRNA (miRNA) containing EVs, which can transfer their contents to host cells and regulate gene expression in recipient cells. However, a little is known about the secretion of EVs by the ticks. This study was therefore, carried out to examine the saliva of ticks for the presence of miRNA containing EVs. Vesicles were purified from saliva of partially engorged Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out to confirm that vesicles within saliva were EVs based on size and morphology. Total RNA was extracted from EVs and was analyzed by deep sequencing to determine miRNA profile. TEM analysis confirmed the presence of extracellular vesicle-like structures within tick saliva. RNA-seq analysis showed that tick-derived EVs contained small non-coding RNA populations including miRNAs. The analysis of tick-derived EVs identified 36 known miRNAs, 34 novel miRNAs and 842 novel Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA). The results of this study provide evidence that EVs containing miRNAs can be secreted by the ticks and suggest that vesicles could transfer these miRNAs to modulate host cell functions.
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8
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Nawaz M, Malik MI, Zhang H, Hassan IA, Cao J, Zhou Y, Hameed M, Hussain Kuthu Z, Zhou J. Proteomic Analysis of Exosome-Like Vesicles Isolated From Saliva of the Tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:542319. [PMID: 33194791 PMCID: PMC7642894 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.542319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), are considered as vehicles of cellular communication. Parasites usually release EVs in their excretory-secretory products to modulate host environment. However, little is known about the secretion of EVs by ticks. In this study, we show for the first time that the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis secretes EVs in saliva that resembles exosomes. EVs were purified from pilocarpine induced saliva of partially engorged H. longicornis ticks. Electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of exosome-like vesicles with a size of 100 nm. Proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS identified a total of 356 proteins in tick-derived EVs. Proteome data of tick-derived EVs was validated by Western blot analysis. Immunodetection of Hsp70 and GAPDH proteins indicated that the proteomics data of tick-derived EVs were highly reliable. Bioinformatics analysis (Gene Ontology) indicated association of certain biological and molecular functions with proteins which may be helpful during tick development. Likewise, KEGG database revealed involvement of vesicular proteins in proton transport, detoxification, ECM-receptor interaction, ribosome, RNA transport, ABC transporters, and oxidative phosphorylation. The results of this study provide evidence that EVs are being secreted in tick saliva and suggest that tick saliva-derived EVs could play important roles in host-parasite relationships. Moreover, EVs could be a useful tool in development of vaccines or therapeutics against ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan Malik
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ibrahim A Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mudassar Hameed
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zulfiqar Hussain Kuthu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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9
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Nawaz M, Malik MI, Hameed M, Zhou J. Research progress on the composition and function of parasite-derived exosomes. Acta Trop 2019; 196:30-36. [PMID: 31071298 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parasites use excretory-secretory pathways to communicate with the host. Characterization of exosomes within the excretory-secretory products reveal by which parasites manipulate their hosts. Parasite derived exosomes provide a mechanistic framework for protein and miRNAs transfer. Transcriptomics and proteomics of parasite exosomes identified a large number of miRNAs and proteins being utilized by parasites in their survival, reproduction and development. Characterization of proteins and miRNAs in parasite secreted exosomes provide important information on host-parasite communication and forms the basis for future studies. In this review, we summarize recent advances in isolation and molecular characterization (protein and miRNAs) of parasite derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Nawaz
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan Malik
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Muddassar Hameed
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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10
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Sotillo J, Pearson MS, Loukas A. Trematode Genomics and Proteomics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:411-436. [PMID: 31297769 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trematode infections are among the most neglected tropical diseases despite their worldwide distribution and extraordinary ability to parasitise many different host species and host tissues. Furthermore, these parasites are of great socioeconomic, medical, veterinary and agricultural importance. During the last 10 years, there have been increasing efforts to overcome the lack of information on different "omic" resources such as proteomics and genomics. Herein, we focus on the recent advances in genomics and proteomics from trematodes of human importance, including liver, blood, intestinal and lung flukes. We also provide information on the latest technologies applied to study the biology of trematodes as well as on the resources available for the study of the molecular aspects of this group of helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mark S Pearson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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11
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Toledo R, Alvárez-Izquierdo M, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG. Intestinal Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1154:181-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18616-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Ponce R, León-Janampa N, Gilman RH, Liendo R, Roncal E, Luis S, Quiñones-Garcia S, Silverstein Z, García HH, Gonzales A, Sheen P, Zimic M, Pajuelo MJ. A novel enolase from Taenia solium metacestodes and its evaluation as an immunodiagnostic antigen for porcine cysticercosis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 191:44-54. [PMID: 29885292 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a worldwide parasitic disease of humans and pigs principally caused by infection with the larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Through the use of the recently-made-available T. solium genome, we identified a gene within a novel 1448 bp ORF that theoretically encodes for a 433 amino acid-long protein and predicted to be an α-enolase closely related to enolases of other flatworms. Additional bioinformatic analyses revealed a putative plasminogen-binding region on this protein, suggesting a potential role for this protein in pathogenesis. On this basis, we isolated the mRNA encoding for this presumptive enolase from T. solium metacestodes and reverse-transcribed it into cDNA before subsequently cloning and expressing it in both E. coli (rEnoTs) and insect cells (rEnoTsBac), in a 6xHis tagged manner. The molecular weights of these two recombinant proteins were ∼48 and ∼50 kDa, respectively, with the differences likely attributable to differential glycosylation. We used spectrophotometric assays to confirm the enolase nature of rEnoTs as well as to measure its enzymatic activity. The resulting estimates of specific activity (60.000 U/mg) and Km (0.091 mM) are quite similar to the catalytic characteristics of enolases of other flatworms. rEnoTs also exhibited high immunogenicity, eliciting a strong polyclonal antibody response in immunized rabbits. We subsequently employed rEnoTsBac for use in an ELISA aimed at discriminating between healthy pigs and those infected with T. solium. This diagnostic assay exhibited a sensitivity of 88.4% (95% CI, 74.92%-96.11%) and a specificity of 83.7% (95% CI: 69.29%-93.19%). In conclusión, this study reports on and enzymatically characterizes a novel enolase from T. solium metacestode, and shows a potential use as an immunodiagnostic for porcine cysticercosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Computational Biology
- Confidence Intervals
- Cysticercosis/diagnosis
- Cysticercosis/veterinary
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/chemistry
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/immunology
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- ROC Curve
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Alignment
- Sf9 Cells
- Spectrophotometry/veterinary
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/diagnosis
- Swine Diseases/parasitology
- Taenia solium/classification
- Taenia solium/enzymology
- Taenia solium/genetics
- Taenia solium/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Ponce
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy León-Janampa
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruddy Liendo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Elisa Roncal
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sueline Luis
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefany Quiñones-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Zach Silverstein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hector H García
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mónica J Pajuelo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Cortés A, Sotillo J, Muñoz-Antolí C, Molina-Durán J, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Antibody trapping: A novel mechanism of parasite immune evasion by the trematode Echinostoma caproni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005773. [PMID: 28715423 PMCID: PMC5531663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helminth infections are among the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, causing an enormous impact in global health and the socioeconomic growth of developing countries. In this context, the study of helminth biology, with emphasis on host-parasite interactions, appears as a promising approach for developing new tools to prevent and control these infections. Methods/Principal findings The role that antibody responses have on helminth infections is still not well understood. To go in depth into this issue, work on the intestinal helminth Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) has been undertaken. Adult parasites were recovered from infected mice and cultured in vitro. Double indirect immunofluorescence at increasing culture times was done to show that in vivo-bound surface antibodies become trapped within a layer of excretory/secretory products that covers the parasite. Entrapped antibodies are then degraded by parasite-derived proteases, since protease inhibitors prevent for antibody loss in culture. Electron microscopy and immunogold-labelling of secreted proteins provide evidence that this mechanism is consistent with tegument dynamics and ultrastructure, hence it is feasible to occur in vivo. Secretory vesicles discharge their content to the outside and released products are deposited over the parasite surface enabling antibody trapping. Conclusion/Significance At the site of infection, both parasite secretion and antibody binding occur simultaneously and constantly. The continuous entrapment of bound antibodies with newly secreted products may serve to minimize the deleterious effects of the antibody-mediated attack. This mechanism of immune evasion may aid to understand the limited effect that antibody responses have in helminth infections, and may contribute to the basis for vaccine development against these highly prevalent diseases. Helminthiases are highly prevalent neglected tropical diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in the poorest regions. The lack of vaccines against these infections is one of the major constraints in the current parasitology and massive efforts are being done in that direction. Herein, we present a potential mechanism for parasite immune evasion consisting in trapping of surface-bound antibodies within the excretory/secretory products that are deposited over the parasite. This mechanism is aided by parasite-derived proteases, well documented virulence factors that degrade the entrapped antibodies. Altogether, this parasite strategy may serve to minimize the antibody-mediated response and promote the development of chronic infections. The present study has been done using the model trematode Echinostoma caproni, though is expected to work in other helminths, even in other groups of extracellular pathogens. This opens new expectative to better understanding of host-parasite interactions and susceptibility to helminth infections. Therefore, the results presented in this manuscript may contribute to the basis of anti-helminth vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-Durán
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Cameron TC, Cooke I, Faou P, Toet H, Piedrafita D, Young N, Rathinasamy V, Beddoe T, Anderson G, Dempster R, Spithill TW. A novel ex vivo immunoproteomic approach characterising Fasciola hepatica tegumental antigens identified using immune antibody from resistant sheep. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:555-567. [PMID: 28455238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A more thorough understanding of the immunological interactions between Fasciola spp. and their hosts is required if we are to develop new immunotherapies to control fasciolosis. Deeper knowledge of the antigens that are the target of the acquired immune responses of definitive hosts against both Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica will potentially identify candidate vaccine antigens. Indonesian Thin Tail sheep express a high level of acquired immunity to infection by F. gigantica within 4weeks of infection and antibodies in Indonesian Thin Tail sera can promote antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the surface tegument of juvenile F. gigantica in vitro. Given the high protein sequence similarity between F. hepatica and F. gigantica, we hypothesised that antibody from F. gigantica-infected sheep could be used to identify the orthologous proteins in the tegument of F. hepatica. Purified IgG from the sera of F. gigantica-infected Indonesian Thin Tail sheep collected pre-infection and 4weeks p.i. were incubated with live adult F. hepatica ex vivo and the immunosloughate (immunoprecipitate) formed was isolated and analysed via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry to identify proteins involved in the immune response. A total of 38 proteins were identified at a significantly higher abundance in the immunosloughate using week 4 IgG, including eight predicted membrane proteins, 20 secreted proteins, nine proteins predicted to be associated with either the lysosomes, the cytoplasm or the cytoskeleton and one protein with an unknown cellular localization. Three of the membrane proteins are transporters including a multidrug resistance protein, an amino acid permease and a glucose transporter. Interestingly, a total of 21 of the 38 proteins matched with proteins recently reported to be associated with the proposed small exosome-like extracellular vesicles of adult F. hepatica, suggesting that the Indonesian Thin Tail week 4 IgG is either recognising individual proteins released from extracellular vesicles or is immunoprecipitating intact exosome-like extracellular vesicles. Five extracellular vesicle membrane proteins were identified including two proteins predicted to be associated with vesicle transport/ exocytosis (VPS4, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4b and the Niemann-Pick C1 protein). RNAseq analysis of the developmental transcription of the 38 immunosloughate proteins showed that the sequences are expressed over a wide abundance range with 21/38 transcripts expressed at a relatively high level from metacercariae to the adult life cycle stage. A notable feature of the immunosloughates was the absence of cytosolic proteins which have been reported to be secreted markers for damage to adult flukes incubated in vitro, suggesting that the proteins observed are not inadvertent contaminants leaking from damaged flukes ex vivo. The identification of tegument protein antigens shared between F. gigantica and F. hepatica is beneficial in terms of the possible development of a dual purpose vaccine effective against both fluke species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cameron
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ira Cooke
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia; Comparative Genomics Centre and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley Toet
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil Young
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vignesh Rathinasamy
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd, Milperra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Dempster
- Virbac (Australia) Pty Ltd, Milperra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terry W Spithill
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Cortés A, Sotillo J, Muñoz-Antolí C, Trelis M, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Definitive host influences the proteomic profile of excretory/secretory products of the trematode Echinostoma caproni. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:185. [PMID: 27036527 PMCID: PMC4815245 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinostoma caproni is an intestinal trematode extensively used as experimental model for the study of factors that determine the course of intestinal helminth infections, since this markedly depends on the host species. Although the host-dependent mechanisms for either chronic establishment or early parasite rejection have been broadly studied, little is known regarding the parasite response against different host environments. Methods To identify host-dependent differentially expressed proteins, a comparative proteomic analysis of the excretory/secretory products released from E. caproni adults, isolated from hosts displaying different compatibility with this trematode, was performed. Results A total of 19 differential protein spots were identified (14 overexpressed in mice and 5 overexpressed in rats). The establishment of chronic infections in mice is mainly associated with the overexpression by adult worms of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferase, hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, thiopurine S-transferase, etc.) and metabolic enzymes like enolase, leucine aminopeptidase or malate dehydrogenase. However, the overexpression of cathepsin L and the structural protein actin observed in worms isolated from rats seems not to be effective for the colonization of the intestinal mucosa of this host. Conclusions The observed differences suggest that protein expression and/or release is modulated by the local environment generated inside the host and provide useful insights in regards to the resistance mechanisms developed by parasites to ensure their long-term survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1465-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antolí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Trelis
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Bień J, Sałamatin R, Sulima A, Savijoki K, Bruce Conn D, Näreaho A, Młocicki D. Mass spectrometry analysis of the excretory-secretory (E-S) products of the model cestode Hymenolepis diminut a reveals their immunogenic properties and the presence of new E-S proteins in cestodes. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:429-42. [PMID: 27078671 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hymenolepis diminuta is an important model species in studies of therapeutics, biochemical processes, immune responses and other aspects of cestodiasis. The parasite produces numerous excretory-secretory (E-S) proteins and a glycocalyx covering its body. Our study focused on the mass spectrometry analysis of the E-S material with an objective to determine if E-S contains any new proteins, in particular those that can be identified as: antigens, vaccine candidates and drug targets. These proteins might engage directly in host-parasite interactions. Adult parasites collected from experimentally infected rats were cultured in vitro for 5 and 18h. Immunoblotting was used to verify which E-S protein bands separated in SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) react with specific antibodies from sera of infected rats. We identified thirty-nine proteins by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry). Results indicated the presence of proteins that have never been identified in cestode E-S material. Immunoblotting showed the immunogenicity of E-S products of H. diminuta, most probably associated with the presence of proteins known as antigens in other flatworm species. Among identified proteins are those engaged in immunomodulatory processes (eg. HSP), in response to oxidative stress (peroxidasin) or metabolism (eg. GAPDH). The predominant functions are associated with metabolism and catalytic activity. This is the first study identifying E-S-proteins in adult tapeworms, thus providing information for better understanding host-parasite interrelationships, and may point out potential targets for vaccines or drug discovery studies, as among the proteins observed in our study are those known to be antigens.
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17
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Valero ML, Sendra R, Pamblanco M. Tandem affinity purification of histones, coupled to mass spectrometry, identifies associated proteins and new sites of post-translational modification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Proteomics 2016; 136:183-92. [PMID: 26778144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histones and their post-translational modifications contribute to regulating fundamental biological processes in all eukaryotic cells. We have applied a conventional tandem affinity purification strategy to histones H3 and H4 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mass spectrometry analysis of the co-purified proteins revealed multiple associated proteins, including core histones, which indicates that tagged histones may be incorporated to the nucleosome particle. Among the many other co-isolated proteins there are histone chaperones, elements of chromatin remodeling, of nucleosome assembly/disassembly, and of histone modification complexes. The histone chaperone Rtt106p, two members of chromatin assembly FACT complex and Psh1p, an ubiquitin ligase, were the most abundant proteins obtained with both H3-TAP and H4-TAP, regardless of the cell extraction medium stringency. Our mass spectrometry analyses have also revealed numerous novel post-translational modifications, including 30 new chemical modifications in histones, mainly by ubiquitination. We have discovered not only new sites of ubiquitination but that, besides lysine, also serine and threonine residues are targets of ubiquitination on yeast histones. Our results show the standard tandem affinity purification procedure is suitable for application to yeast histones, in order to isolate and characterize histone-binding proteins and post-translational modifications, avoiding the bias caused by histone purification from a chromatin-enriched fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luz Valero
- Secció de Proteòmica, Servei Central de Suport a la Investigació Experimental (SCSIE), Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Ramon Sendra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Mercè Pamblanco
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.
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Cao X, Fu Z, Zhang M, Han Y, Han Q, Lu K, Li H, Zhu C, Hong Y, Lin J. Excretory/secretory proteome of 14-day schistosomula, Schistosoma japonicum. J Proteomics 2015; 130:221-30. [PMID: 26453986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, with 200 million people infected and 779 million people at risk worldwide. The schistosomulum is the early stage of the complex lifecycle of Schistosoma japonicum in their vertebrate hosts, and is the main target of vaccine-induced protective immunity. Excretory/secretory (ES) proteins play a major role in host-parasite interactions and ES protein compositions of schistosomula of S. japonicum have not been characterized to date. In the present study, the proteome of ES proteins from 14 day schistosomula of S. japonicum was analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and 713 unique proteins were finally identified. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism, degradation, response to stimulus, oxidation-reduction, biological regulation and binding. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin peroxidase identified in this study had the effect on inhibiting MHCII and CD86 expression on LPS-activated macrophages. The present study provides insight into the growth and development of the schistosome in the final host and valuable information for screening vaccine candidates for schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henran University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanhui Han
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qian Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangang Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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Sotillo J, Pearson M, Becker L, Mulvenna J, Loukas A. A quantitative proteomic analysis of the tegumental proteins from Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula reveals novel potential therapeutic targets. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:505-16. [PMID: 25910674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tegument of Schistosoma mansoni plays an integral role in host-parasite interactions, particularly during the transition from the free-living cercariae to the intra-mammalian schistosomula stages. This developmental period is characterised by the transition from a trilaminate surface to a heptalaminate tegument that plays key roles in immune evasion, nutrition and excretion. Proteins exposed at the surface membranes of newly transformed schistosomula are therefore thought to be prime targets for the development of new vaccines and drugs for schistosomiasis. Using a combination of tegumental labelling and high-throughput quantitative proteomics, more than 450 proteins were identified on the apical membrane of S. mansoni schistosomula, of which 200 had significantly regulated expression profiles at different stages of schistosomula development in vitro, including glucose transporters, sterols, heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and peptidases. Current vaccine antigens were identified on the apical membrane (Sm-TSP-1, calpain) or sub-tegumental (Sm-TSP-2, Sm29) fractions of the schistosomula, displaying localisation patterns that, in some cases, differ from that in the adult stage fluke. This work provides the first known in-depth proteomic analysis of the surface-exposed proteins in the schistosomula tegument, and some of the proteins identified are clear targets for the generation of new vaccines and drugs against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mark Pearson
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Luke Becker
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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Yang J, Pan W, Sun X, Zhao X, Yuan G, Sun Q, Huang J, Zhu X. Immunoproteomic profile of Trichinella spiralis adult worm proteins recognized by early infection sera. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:20. [PMID: 25582511 PMCID: PMC4299305 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichinellosis, a widespread zoonosis, is regarded as an emerging or reemerging disease. Effective treatment and prognosis of trichinellosis depends on early diagnosis of the infection. The objective of this study was to identify sensitive and specific antigens for early diagnosis or effective vaccine antigens for preventing infection. Methods The somatic proteins of T. spiralis adult worms were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The separated proteins were probed with early infection sera from swine or mice infected with T. spiralis for 7 days. The primary immunoreactive spots were characterized by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis in combination with bioinformatics. The identified proteins were annotated using WEGO based on their functions. The immunodominant protein was chosen for expression as recombinant protein in E. coli and the purified recombinant protein was used to confirm its antigenicity by Western blot with the same infection sera. Results Approximately 300 spots were separated by 2-DE, with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 130 kDa, and pI values ranging from pH 4 to 10. The sera from swine and mice infected with T. spiralis for 7 days recognized 64 proteins. MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis identified 55 proteins, some with different isoforms. Finally, 40 individual immunoreactive proteins were obtained with a wide range of biological functions. Several proteins, such as heat shock protein 70, 14-3-3 protein, and cysteine protease could be used as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens. Among these identified proteins, the highly immunodominant Ts14-3-3 was chosen for expression in E. coli and purified recombinant Ts14-3-3 was able to be strongly recognized by the same T. spiralis infected sera used for identifying these antigens, therefore the most promising antigen for early immunodiagnosis of Trichinella infection. Conclusions A total of 64 proteins from the adult worm were recognized by early infection sera from swine and mice infected with T. spiralis for 7 days. Several proteins, are of particular interest as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens, especially with Ts14-3-3 as most promising due to its highly immunogenicity during early infection, expressed protein can be recognized by Trichinella early infection sera and the native Ts14-3-3 expression in both adult and larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ximeng Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gu Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Sotillo J, Sanchez-Flores A, Cantacessi C, Harcus Y, Pickering D, Bouchery T, Camberis M, Tang SC, Giacomin P, Mulvenna J, Mitreva M, Berriman M, LeGros G, Maizels RM, Loukas A. Secreted proteomes of different developmental stages of the gastrointestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2736-51. [PMID: 24994561 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookworms infect more than 700 million people worldwide and cause more morbidity than most other human parasitic infections. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (the rat hookworm) has been used as an experimental model for human hookworm because of its similar life cycle and ease of maintenance in laboratory rodents. Adult N. brasiliensis, like the human hookworm, lives in the intestine of the host and releases excretory/secretory products (ESP), which represent the major host-parasite interface. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis of infective larval (L3) and adult worm stages of N. brasiliensis to gain insights into the molecular bases of host-parasite relationships and determine whether N. brasiliensis could indeed serve as an appropriate model for studying human hookworm infections. Proteomic data were matched to a transcriptomic database assembled from 245,874,892 Illumina reads from different developmental stages (eggs, L3, L4, and adult) of N. brasiliensis yielding∼18,426 unigenes with 39,063 possible isoform transcripts. From this analysis, 313 proteins were identified from ESPs by LC-MS/MS-52 in the L3 and 261 in the adult worm. Most of the proteins identified in the study were stage-specific (only 13 proteins were shared by both stages); in particular, two families of proteins-astacin metalloproteases and CAP-domain containing SCP/TAPS-were highly represented in both L3 and adult ESP. These protein families are present in most nematode groups, and where studied, appear to play roles in larval migration and evasion of the host's immune response. Phylogenetic analyses of defined protein families and global gene similarity analyses showed that N. brasiliensis has a greater degree of conservation with human hookworm than other model nematodes examined. These findings validate the use of N. brasiliensis as a suitable parasite for the study of human hookworm infections in a tractable animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; ¶Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Yvonne Harcus
- ‖Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Darren Pickering
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiffany Bouchery
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mali Camberis
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shiau-Choot Tang
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Giacomin
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia; ‡‡Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- §§The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ¶¶Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew Berriman
- §Parasite Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Graham LeGros
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rick M Maizels
- ‖Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Alex Loukas
- From the ‡Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia;
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The effect of glycosylation of antigens on the antibody responses against Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitology 2014; 141:1333-40. [PMID: 24828858 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyse the effect of glycosylation in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) antigens in antibody responses against the parasite in experimentally infected mice. It has been previously demonstrated that the mouse is a host of high compatibility with E. caproni and develops elevated responses of IgG, IgG1, IgG3 and IgM as a consequence of the infection, though the role of glycans in these responses remains unknown. To this purpose, the responses generated in mice against non-treated excretory/secretory antigens of E. caproni were compared with those observed after N-deglycosylation, O-deglycosylation and double deglycosylation of the antigens by indirect ELISA and western blot. Our results suggest that E. caproni-expressed glycans play a major role in the modulation of the immune responses. The results obtained indicate that IgG subclass responses generated in mice against E. caproni are essentially due to glycoproteins and may affect the Th1/Th2 biasing. The reactivity significantly decreased after any of the deglycosylation treatments and the N-glycans appears to be of greater importance than O-glycans. Interestingly, the IgM response increased after N-deglycosylation suggesting that carbohydrates may mask peptide antigens.
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Bernal D, Trelis M, Montaner S, Cantalapiedra F, Galiano A, Hackenberg M, Marcilla A. Surface analysis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The molecular characterization of exosomes reveals the presence of miRNAs. J Proteomics 2014; 105:232-41. [PMID: 24561797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED With the aim of characterizing the molecules involved in the interaction of Dicrocoelium dendriticum adults and the host, we have performed proteomic analyses of the external surface of the parasite using the currently available datasets including the transcriptome of the related species Echinostoma caproni. We have identified 182 parasite proteins on the outermost surface of D. dendriticum. The presence of exosome-like vesicles in the ESP of D. dendriticum and their components has also been characterized. Using proteomic approaches, we have characterized 84 proteins in these vesicles. Interestingly, we have detected miRNA in D. dendriticum exosomes, thus representing the first report of miRNA in helminth exosomes. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In order to identify potential targets for intervention against parasitic helminths, we have analyzed the surface of the parasitic helminth Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Along with the proteomic analyses of the outermost layer of the parasite, our work describes the molecular characterization of the exosomes of D. dendriticum. Our proteomic data confirm the improvement of protein identification from "non-model organisms" like helminths, when using different search engines against a combination of available databases. In addition, this work represents the first report of miRNAs in parasitic helminth exosomes. These vesicles can pack specific proteins and RNAs providing stability and resistance to RNAse digestion in body fluids, and provide a way to regulate host-parasite interplay. The present data should provide a solid foundation for the development of novel methods to control this non-model organism and related parasites. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Trelis
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellès, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Montaner
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellès, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Cantalapiedra
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellès, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Galiano
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellès, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Hackenberg
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Àrea de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Av. V.A. Estellès, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Toledo R, Muñoz-Antoli C, Esteban JG. Intestinal Trematode Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 766:201-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0915-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Garg G, Bernal D, Trelis M, Forment J, Ortiz J, Valero ML, Pedrola L, Martinez-Blanch J, Esteban JG, Ranganathan S, Toledo R, Marcilla A. The transcriptome of Echinostoma caproni adults: Further characterization of the secretome and identification of new potential drug targets. J Proteomics 2013; 89:202-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Protective immunity against Echinostoma caproni in rats is induced by Syphacia muris infection. Int J Parasitol 2013; 43:453-63. [PMID: 23399418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is a ubiquitous nematode that commonly infects rats in the laboratory and can interfere with the development of unrelated biological assays. In this context, we analysed the effect of a patent S. muris infection in Wistar rats on a superimposed infection with the intestinal trematode, Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). The results indicate that in the rats, infection with S. muris induces an immunity against a subsequent infection with E. caproni, although each parasite occupies different niches in the host. Echinostoma caproni worm recovery was significantly decreased in the rats primarily infected with S. muris and, at 3 and 4 weeks post-primary infection, the rats primarily infected with S. muris were refractory to the challenge infection with E. caproni. We observed that the main alterations induced by S. muris in the niche of E. caproni (ileum) that may be the cause of the resistance are: (i) a local antibody response with elevated levels of mucosal IgA, IgE, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a that cross-react with E. caproni antigens; (ii) development of a biased Th17/Th2 phenotype; and (iii) changes in the glycosylation of ileal mucins. This indicates that S. muris induces distant alterations to the ileum of rats affecting the development of other helminth species. Apart from the interest of these results in the study of the interactions between helminths in a single host, it has been demonstrated that pinworm infections may interfere in non-related experiments.
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Extracellular vesicles from parasitic helminths contain specific excretory/secretory proteins and are internalized in intestinal host cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45974. [PMID: 23029346 PMCID: PMC3454434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of host-parasite interactions has increased considerably in the last decades, with many studies focusing on the identification of parasite molecules (i.e. surface or excretory/secretory proteins (ESP)) as potential targets for new specific treatments and/or diagnostic tools. In parallel, in the last few years there have been significant advances in the field of extracellular vesicles research. Among these vesicles, exosomes of endocytic origin, with a characteristic size ranging from 30–100 nm, carry several atypical secreted proteins in different organisms, including parasitic protozoa. Here, we present experimental evidence for the existence of exosome-like vesicles in parasitic helminths, specifically the trematodes Echinostoma caproni and Fasciola hepatica. These microvesicles are actively released by the parasites and are taken up by host cells. Trematode extracellular vesicles contain most of the proteins previously identified as components of ESP, as confirmed by proteomic, immunogold labeling and electron microscopy studies. In addition to parasitic proteins, we also identify host proteins in these structures. The existence of extracellular vesicles explains the secretion of atypical proteins in trematodes, and the demonstration of their uptake by host cells suggests an important role for these structures in host-parasite communication, as described for other infectious agents.
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28
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Proteomic analysis of the pinworm Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae), a parasite of laboratory rats. Parasitol Int 2012; 61:561-4. [PMID: 22583759 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is a ubiquitous nematode that commonly infects rats in the laboratory which can interfere in the development of biological assays. The somatic extract of S. muris adults collected from infected rats was investigated using a proteomic approach. A shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry procedure was used. We used the MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems) for the database search. A total of 359 proteins were accurately identified from the worms. The largest protein families consisted of metabolic enzymes and those involved in the nucleic metabolism and cell cycle. Proteins of transmembrane receptors and those involved in protein metabolism, chaperones, structural and motor, signalling and calcium-binding proteins also were identified in the proteome of S. muris. Proteome array of S. muris may contribute to further elucidation of biological system of S. muris as well as host-parasite relationships.
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Toledo R, Bernal MD, Marcilla A. Proteomics of foodborne trematodes. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1485-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Screening trematodes for novel intervention targets: a proteomic and immunological comparison of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis and Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology 2011; 138:1607-19. [PMID: 21729355 PMCID: PMC3179331 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182011000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the current paucity of vaccine targets for parasitic diseases, particularly those in
childhood, the aim of this study was to compare protein expression and immune
cross-reactivity between the trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis
and Echinostoma caproni in the hope of identifying novel intervention
targets. Native adult parasite proteins were separated by 2-dimensional gel
electrophoresis and identified through electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry to
produce a reference gel. Proteins from differential gel electrophoresis analyses of the
three parasite proteomes were compared and screened against sera from hamsters infected
with S. haematobium and E. caproni following
2-dimensional Western blotting. Differential protein expression between the three species
was observed with circa 5% of proteins from S.
haematobium showing expression up-regulation compared to the other two species.
There was 91% similarity between the proteomes of the two Schistosoma
species and 81% and 78·6% similarity between S. haematobium and
S. bovis versus E. caproni, respectively. Although
there were some common cross-species antigens, species-species targets were revealed
which, despite evolutionary homology, could be due to phenotypic plasticity arising from
different host-parasite relationships. Nevertheless, this approach helps to identify novel
intervention targets which could be used as broad-spectrum candidates for future use in
human and veterinary vaccines.
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31
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Zygocotyle lunata: proteomic analysis of the adult stage. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:133-7. [PMID: 21334327 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The somatic extract of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda: Paramphistomidae) adults collected from experimentally infected mice was investigated using a proteomic approach to separate and identify tryptic peptides from the somatic extract of Z. lunata adult worms. A shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry procedure was used. We used the MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems) for the database search. A total of 36 proteins were accurately identified from the worms. The largest protein family consisted of metabolic enzymes. Structural, motor and receptor binding proteins and proteins related to oxygen transport were identified in the somatic extract of Z. lunata. This is the first study that attempts to identify the proteome of Z. lunata. However, more work is needed to improve our knowledge of trematodiasis in general and more specifically to have a better understanding about host-parasite relationships in infections with paramphistomes.
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Sotillo J, Trudgett A, Halferty L, Marcilla A, Esteban JG, Toledo R. Echinostoma caproni: Differential tegumental responses to growth in compatible and less compatible hosts. Exp Parasitol 2010; 125:304-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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González-Miguel J, Rosario L, Rota-Nodari E, Morchón R, Simón F. Identification of immunoreactive proteins of Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens recognized by sera from patients with pulmonary and subcutaneous dirofilariosis. Parasitol Int 2010; 59:248-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sotillo J, Valero ML, Sánchez Del Pino MM, Fried B, Esteban JG, Marcilla A, Toledo R. Excretory/secretory proteome of the adult stage of Echinostoma caproni. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:691-7. [PMID: 20512505 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The excretory/secretory proteome of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) adults collected from experimentally infected mice was investigated using a proteomic approach. We performed a shot-gun liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of tryptic peptides from the excretory/secretory products of E. caproni adult worms. Database search was performed using MASCOT search engine (Matrix-Science) and ProteinPilot software v2.0 (Applied Biosystems). A total of 39 parasite proteins were accurately identified. Strikingly, metabolic enzymes, and particularly glycolytic enzymes, constituted the largest protein family in the excretory/secretory proteome of E. caproni adult worms. Moreover, representative proteins involved in parasite structure, response against stress, chaperones, calcium-binding, and signal transduction were also identified. This work extends our knowledge of host-parasite relationships in the E. caproni-rodent model that is extensively used to analyze the factors determining the intestinal helminth rejection. Consequently, information on many proteins may be useful to better understand the molecular basis that determines the survival of this parasite in the definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Strongyloidiasis can be perpetuated by autoinfection with the filariform larvae L3, causing asymptomatic chronic infections and creating a population of carriers, affecting not only developing countries. So far, very little is known about the proteins that interact with the human host, and few proteins from the infective Strongyloides stercoralis L3 have been characterized. Here, we report results obtained from a proteomic analysis of the proteins from S. stercoralis L3 larvae obtained from patients. Since the genome of S. stercoralis is not yet available, we used proteomic analysis to identify 26 different proteins, 13 of them released by short digestion with trypsin, which could represent surface-associated proteins. The present work extends our knowledge of host-parasite interactions by identifying proteins that could be of interest in the development of diagnostic tools, vaccines, or treatments for a neglected disease like strongyloidiasis.
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Oleaga A, Pérez-Sánchez R, Pagés E, Marcos-Atxutegi C, Simón F. Identification of immunoreactive proteins from the dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) differentially recognized by the sera from dogs with patent or occult infections. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2009; 166:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu F, Cui SJ, Hu W, Feng Z, Wang ZQ, Han ZG. Excretory/secretory proteome of the adult developmental stage of human blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1236-51. [PMID: 19299421 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800538-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomes are the causative agents of schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent and serious of the parasitic diseases that currently infects approximately 200 million people worldwide. Schistosome excretory/secretory (ES) proteins have been shown to play important roles in modulating mammalian host immune systems. In our current study, we performed a global proteomics identification of the ES proteins from adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum, one of the three major schistosome species. Our results unambiguously identified 101 proteins, including 53 putatively secreted proteins. By quantitative analysis, we revealed fatty acid-binding protein as a major constituent of the in vitro ES proteome. Strikingly the heat shock proteins HSP70s, HSP90, and HSP97 constituted the largest protein family in the ES proteome, implying a central role for these proteins in immunomodulation in the host-parasite relationship. Other important S. japonicum ES proteins included actins, 14-3-3, aminopeptidase, enolase, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, some of which have been considered as viable vaccine candidates and therapeutic targets. A comparison with previous studies suggests that 48.5% of S. japonicum ES proteins are common to other parasite ES products, indicating that the molecular mechanisms involved in evading the host immune response may be conserved across different parasites. Interestingly seven host proteins, including antimicrobial protein CAP18, immunoglobulins, and a complement component, were identified among in vitro S. japonicum ES products likely originating from the schistosome tegument or gut, indicating that host innate and acquired immune systems could defend against schistosome invasion. Our present study represents the first attempt at profiling S. japonicum ES proteins, provides an insight into host-parasite interactions, and establishes a resource for the development of diagnostic agents and vaccines for the control of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- double daggerShanghai-Ministry of Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Disease and Health Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, 351 Guo Shou-Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Chapter 3 Recent Advances in the Biology of Echinostomes. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2009; 69:147-204. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(09)69003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Molecular cloning and characterization ofEchinostoma caproniheat shock protein-70 and differential expression in the parasite derived from low- and high-compatible hosts. Parasitology 2008; 135:1469-77. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYWe cloned and expressedEchinostoma caproniHSP70 inEscherichia coli. This molecule presents an open reading frame (ORF) of 655 amino acids, and a theoretical molecular weight of 71 kDa.E. caproniHSP70 protein showed a high homology to other helminth molecules, major differences being located in the C-terminal region of the molecule, with a hydrophobic portion. Studies of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression revealed a distinct pattern, depending on the host (low- or high-compatible). Specific polyclonal antisera raised against the recombinant protein expressed inEscherichia colidemonstrated its selective presence in excretory/secretory products (ESP) of adult parasites obtained from high-compatible hosts. Immunological studies showed clearly the association of HSP70 with the parasite surface and other structures, including eggs.
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