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Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-8, -9 and endogenous tissue inhibitor-1 in oral biofluids during pregnancy and postpartum. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105065. [PMID: 33556788 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During pregnancy, mothers undergoe considerable physiological changes affecting the whole body including periodontal tissues. Susceptibility to gingival inflammation during pregnancy could be mediated by modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of MMPs and TIMPs during the second and third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum. DESIGN Saliva and GCF samples were collected from 96 pregnant women (PW) before and after giving birth. The sixty matched non-pregnant women (N-PW) were recruited as a control group and full-mouth periodontal examination was performed. The levels of MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were determined by immunofluorometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The PW group exhibited significantly higher levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in their saliva than the N-PW group while corresponding salivary TIMP-1 levels were significantly lower in NPW compared to the postpartum stage. This resulted in significantly higher MMP-8/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1ratio in the saliva from PW before and after birth than in that from N-PW. MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were higher in GCF from PW and postpartum than in that from N-PW. CONCLUSIONS MMP-8 and MMP-9 levels in saliva and GCF reflect inflammatory burden during pregnancy. They could be used for monitoring the inflammatory state of gingival tissues during pregnancy.
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Lampé R, Kövér Á, Szűcs S, Pál L, Árnyas E, Póka R. The effect of healthy pregnant plasma and preeclamptic plasma on the phagocytosis index of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes of nonpregnant women. Hypertens Pregnancy 2016; 36:59-63. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2016.1237644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lampé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kövér
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szűcs
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Pál
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ervin Árnyas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Robert Póka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Sex Hormones Enhance Gingival Inflammation without Affecting IL-1β and TNF-α in Periodontally Healthy Women during Pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4897890. [PMID: 27034591 PMCID: PMC4791509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4897890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones (progesterone and estradiol) change greatly during pregnancy; however, the mechanism of hormonal changes on gingival inflammation is still unclear. This study is to evaluate the effects of hormonal changes during pregnancy on gingival inflammation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). 30 periodontally healthy pregnant women were evaluated in the first, second, and third trimesters. 20 periodontally healthy nonpregnant women were evaluated twice (once per subsequent month). Clinical parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding index (BI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and plaque index (PLI) were recorded. GCF levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and serum levels of progesterone and estradiol were measured. From the data, despite low PLI, BI and GI increased significantly during pregnancy; however, no significant changes in PLI, CAL, IL-1β, or TNF-α GCF levels were observed. Although IL-1β, not TNF-α, was higher in pregnant group than in nonpregnant group, they showed no correlation with serum hormone levels during pregnancy. GI and BI showed significant positive correlation with serum hormone levels during pregnancy. This study suggests that sex hormone increase during pregnancy might have an effect on inflammatory status of gingiva, independent of IL-1β and TNF-α in GCF.
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Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:623427. [PMID: 25873767 PMCID: PMC4385665 DOI: 10.1155/2015/623427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation during pregnancy has been reported since the 1960s. Though the etiology is not fully known, it is believed that increasing plasma sex steroid hormone levels during pregnancy have a dramatic effect on the periodontium. Current works of research have shown that estrogen and progesterone increasing during pregnancy are supposed to be responsible for gingivitis progression. This review is focused not only on epidemiological studies, but also on the effects of progesterone and estrogen on the change of subgingival microbiota and immunologic physiological mediators in periodontal tissue (gingiva and periodontal ligament), which provides current information about the effects of pregnancy on gingival inflammation.
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Physiological changes in hematological parameters during pregnancy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012; 28:144-6. [PMID: 23997449 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-012-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state characterized by many physiological hematological changes, which may appear to be pathological in the non-pregnant state. The review highlights most of these changes along with the scientific basis for the same, as per the current knowledge, with a special reference to the red blood and white blood cells, platelets and hemostatic profile.
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Lampé R. [Superoxide-anion production by neutrophil granulocytes in healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women]. Orv Hetil 2012; 153:425-34. [PMID: 22390867 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2012.29322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Data on respiratory burst activity of granulocytes from healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women are contradictory. To further investigate a possible role of reactive oxygen species in the etiology of preeclampsia, the induced superoxide-anion generation by granulocytes from non-pregnant, healthy pregnant and preeclamptic pregnant women were measured. The reciprocal effects of heat-inactivated and non-inactivated plasma on superoxide production by neutrophils from non-pregnant, healthy pregnant and preeclamptic pregnant subjects were also examined. Superoxide generation was measured by ferricytochrome c reduction. Both phorbol-12.13-dibutirate- and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced superoxide production was significantly decreased in normal pregnancy compared to results obtained in non-pregnant and preeclamptic pregnant women. Phorbol-12.13-dibutirate-induced superoxide generation by non-pregnant and preeclamptic neutrophils was significantly inhibited by heat-inactivated and non-inactivated healthy pregnant plasma. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide production by non-pregnant and preeclamptic granulocytes was suppressed only by non-inactivated healthy pregnant plasma. Phorbol-12.13-dibutirate-induced superoxide generation of healthy pregnant neutrophils was significantly increased by inactivated and non-inactivated non-pregnant and preeclamptic plasma. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide production by healthy pregnant granulocytes was significantly enhanced following treatment of the cells with non-inactivated non-pregnant and preeclamptic pregnant plasma. Deficient superoxide generation in normal pregnancy may be caused by maternal immunosuppressive factors. The failure of reduction in superoxide production in preeclampsia may be partly responsible for endothelial dysfunction. Apart from oxidative stress, a possible role of inefficient maternal immunosuppression should also be considered in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lampé
- DeOrvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika és Megelőző Orovostani Intézet Debrecen Nagyerdei krt 98. 4032.
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Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK, Tervahartiala T, Pajukanta R, Sorsa T. Periodontal Status and Neutrophilic Enzyme Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Pregnancy and Postpartum. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1790-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xu Y, Madsen-Bouterse SA, Romero R, Hassan S, Mittal P, Elfline M, Zhu A, Petty HR. Leukocyte pyruvate kinase expression is reduced in normal human pregnancy but not in pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64:137-51. [PMID: 20560913 PMCID: PMC3045787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Emerging evidence suggests that metabolism influences immune cell signaling and immunoregulation. To examine the immunoregulatory role of glycolysis in pregnancy, we evaluated the properties of pyruvate kinase in leukocytes from non-pregnant women and those with normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. METHOD OF STUDY We evaluated pyruvate kinase expression in lymphocytes and neutrophils from non-pregnant, pregnant, and pre-eclampsia patients using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Leukocyte pyruvate kinase activity and pyruvate concentrations were also evaluated. To study pyruvate's effect on signaling, we labeled Jurkat T cells with Ca(2+) dyes and measured cell responses in the presence of agents influencing intracellular pyruvate. RESULTS The expression of pyruvate kinase is reduced in lymphocytes and neutrophils from normal pregnant women in comparison with those of non-pregnant women and pre-eclampsia patients. Similarly, the activity of pyruvate kinase and the intracellular pyruvate concentration are reduced in leukocytes of normal pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant women and women with pre-eclampsia. Using Jurkat cells as a model of leukocyte signaling, we have shown that perturbations of intracellular pyruvate influence Ca(2+) signals. CONCLUSION Normal pregnancy is characterized by reduced pyruvate kinase expression within lymphocytes and neutrophils. We speculate that reduced pyruvate kinase expression modifies immune cell responses due to reduced pyruvate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Sally A. Madsen-Bouterse
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) of NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Roberto Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) of NIH, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, Michigan 48201
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Hutzel Women's Hospital at the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 3990 John R. Rd., 4 Brush South, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Sonia Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Megan Elfline
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Aiping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Howard R. Petty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
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Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Tervahartiala T, Gürsoy UK, Pajukanta R, Sorsa T. Longitudinal study of salivary proteinases during pregnancy and postpartum. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:496-503. [PMID: 20412421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulators are connected to periodontal inflammation and destruction. However, the presence and role of the salivary MMPs in pregnancy-related gingivitis are not well known. Our longitudinal study aimed to monitor salivary proteinase levels and possible changes, and relate them to periodontal status during pregnancy and postpartum. MATERIAL AND METHODS Salivary samples were collected from 30 periodontally healthy pregnant women five times (once during each trimester, 4-6 wk after delivery and after lactation) and, as their controls, from 24 non-pregnant women three times (during successive months). Periodontal examination included visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level measurements. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels were measured by immunofluorometric assay, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and molecular forms by gelatin zymography. Salivary elastase, myeloperoxidase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Elastase concentrations maintained stable during the follow-up, while myeloperoxidase concentrations increased significantly after delivery. During pregnancy, MMP-8 concentrations were significantly lower than postpartum concentrations, being lowest during the second trimester and highest after delivery, and varying inversely to pregnancy gingivitis, observed as elevated percentages of bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth during the second and third trimester. In pregnant women, the highest MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were found in saliva after lactation. In the control group, both clinical and enzymological findings remained stable during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that hormonal changes during pregnancy induce or enhance susceptibility to gingivitis, while salivary proteinase and myeloperoxidase levels are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gürsoy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Effect of normal and preeclamptic plasma on superoxide-anion production of neutrophils from healthy non-pregnant women. J Reprod Immunol 2008; 79:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kindzelskii AL, Clark AJ, Espinoza J, Maeda N, Aratani Y, Romero R, Petty HR. Myeloperoxidase accumulates at the neutrophil surface and enhances cell metabolism and oxidant release during pregnancy. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:1619-28. [PMID: 16688678 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique immunological state. Pregnancy neutrophils differ from those of non-pregnant women as they cannot be fully activated for oxidant production, but yet have higher levels of unstimulated oxidant production. Although reduced activation is due to decreased hexose monophosphate shunt activity, the mechanism enhancing basal oxidant levels is unknown. We hypothesize that myeloperoxidase (MPO) trafficking affects the basal oxidant release by maternal neutrophils. Immunofluorescence microscopy has demonstrated MPO at the surface of pregnancy neutrophils, whereas non-pregnancy cells do not exhibit surface MPO. Adherent pregnancy neutrophils were characterized by high-amplitude metabolic oscillations, which were blocked by MPO inactivation. Conversely, metabolic oscillatory amplitudes of control neutrophils were heightened by incubation with PMA or exogenous MPO. Importantly, MPO decoration of cell surfaces and high-amplitude metabolic oscillations were observed for neutrophils from pregnant but not from non-pregnant mice. However, cells from pregnant MPO knockout mice did not exhibit MPO expression or high-amplitude metabolic oscillations. Unstimulated neutrophils from pregnant women were found to release reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), but cells from non-pregnant women did not. MPO inhibition returned ROM and RNI formation to non-pregnant levels. Hence, MPO trafficking influences metabolic activity and oxidant production in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kindzelskii
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
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Kindzelskii AL, Ueki T, Michibata H, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Petty HR. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase form a supramolecular complex in human neutrophils that undergoes retrograde trafficking during pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6373-81. [PMID: 15128828 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils from pregnant women display reduced neutrophil-mediated effector functions, such as reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) release. Because the NADPH oxidase and NO synthase produce ROMs and NO, the availability of their substrate NADPH is a potential regulatory factor. NADPH is produced by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDase) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDase), which are the first two steps of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS). Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that 6-PGDase, like G-6-PDase, undergoes retrograde transport to the microtubule-organizing centers in neutrophils from pregnant women. In contrast, 6-PGDase is found in an anterograde distribution in cells from nonpregnant women. However, lactate dehydrogenase distribution is unaffected by pregnancy. Cytochemical studies demonstrated that the distribution of 6-PGDase enzymatic activity is coincident with 6-PGDase Ag. The accumulation of 6-PGDase at the microtubule-organizing centers could be blocked by colchicine, suggesting that microtubules are important in this enzyme's intracellular distribution. In situ kinetic studies reveal that the rates of 6-gluconate turnover are indistinguishable in samples from nonpregnant and pregnant women, suggesting that the enzyme is functionally intact. Resonance energy transfer experiments showed that 6-PGDase and G-6-PDase are in close physical proximity within cells, suggesting the presence of supramolecular enzyme complexes. We suggest that the retrograde trafficking of HMS enzyme complexes during pregnancy influences the dynamics of NADPH production by separating HMS enzymes from glucose-6-phosphate generation at the plasma membrane and, in parallel, reducing ROM and NO production in comparison with fully activated neutrophils from nonpregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kindzelskii
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Luppi P, Haluszczak C, Trucco M, Deloia JA. Normal pregnancy is associated with peripheral leukocyte activation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2002; 47:72-81. [PMID: 11900591 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.1o041.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Normal pregnancy has been described as both a pro-inflammatory condition and a T helper (Th)2-dominated state. Deviations in the percentage of different subpopulations of circulating leukocytes have been detected, although with conflicting results. This study was designed to analyse further the phenotype of subpopulations of peripheral blood leukocytes in normal pregnant women. METHOD OF STUDY Whole-blood flow cytometry was used to differentiate subsets of leukocytes using directly labeled monoclonal antibodies to specific cell surface antigens and to a panel of activation-associated markers in 33 normal pregnant women in their third trimester and in 26 non-pregnant controls. RESULTS We found a significant increase in the proportion of granulocytes and of CD8+ T lymphocytes during pregnancy. Up-regulation of the expression of adhesion molecules was observed on granulocytes, monocytes and T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy alters the representation of leukocyte subpopulations in the maternal circulation and is associated with systemic activation of leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Luppi
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Pediatrics, Rangos Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. luppip+@pitt.edu
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Békési G, Kakucs R, Varbiro S, Feher J, Pazmany T, Magyar Z, Sprintz D, Szekacs B. Induced myeloperoxidase activity and related superoxide inhibition during hormone replacement therapy. BJOG 2001; 108:474-81. [PMID: 11368132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether the menopause entails any changes in the myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophil granulocytes. The effects of hormone replacement therapy on myeloperoxidase activity and related changes in free radical production were also investigated. DESIGN Laboratory investigation of the effect of oestrogen on intracellular myeloperoxidase activity and release from human neutrophil granulocytes. Analysis of related changes in superoxide anion generation. SETTING 2nd Department of Medicine and 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest. SAMPLES Intracellular myeloperoxidase activity (mean peroxidase index) was measured automatically in blood samples obtained for general laboratory work-up from 135 randomly selected patients in our department. Blood samples from 11 postmenopausal women were analysed before and during hormone replacement therapy. Blood samples from 20 healthy volunteers were obtained and neutrophil granulocytes separated for in vitro measurement of superoxide anion production after adding myeloperoxidase to the incubation media. METHODS The mean peroxidase index was measured using a Technicon H-3 instrument. myeloperoxidase release from neutrophils was quantified by ELISA technique. Superoxide production of isolated neutrophil granulocytes was measured by photometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intracellular activity of myeloperoxidase, concentration of myeloperoxidase-protein in supernatant of neutrophils, release of superoxide anion from neutrophil granulocytes. RESULTS 1. Intracellular myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils was lower in postmenopausal women, than in females with regular cycles (-1.84 +/- 3.06 versus 1.59 +/- 3.55, P < 0,001). 2. In postmenopausal women intracellular myeloperoxidase activity and myeloperoxidase release increased during hormone replacement therapy (-5.54 +/- 6.63 versus -0.2 +/- 6.05; P < 0.001 and 52.74 mU/ml +/- 25.73 versus 251.4 +/-234.1 mU/ml; P < 0.05). 3. Adding myeloperoxidase to neutrophil granulocyte suspensions, the production of superoxide anion fell (e.g. adding 280 ng/ml myeloperoxidase: 77.9 +/- 14.04 % of control production, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Hormone replacement restores the reduced myeloperoxidase activity in menopausal women. Adding myeloperoxidase to neutrophil granulocytes, the production of free radicals decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Békési
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Békési G, Kakucs R, Varbiro S, Feher J, Pazmany T, Magyar Z, Sprintz D, Szekacs B. Induced myeloperoxidase activity and related superoxide inhibition during hormone replacement therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-5456(00)00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy exerts suppressive effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An attenuation in neutrophil function in late pregnancy which may explain this amelioration has previously been reported. OBJECTIVE A longitudinal investigation of neutrophil activity in healthy pregnant women (n=9) and pregnant patients with RA (n=9), compared with age matched non-pregnant patients with RA (n=12) and healthy controls (n=22). METHODS Neutrophil activation was measured in response to the physiological receptor agonists, n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and zymosan activated serum (ZAS). Superoxide anion production (respiratory burst) was determined by lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (LUCL); secondary granule lactoferrin release by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Stimulated neutrophil LUCL was significantly reduced in both pregnant women with RA and healthy pregnant women in the second (fMLP 43% and 69%, ZAS 43% and 59%, respectively) and third trimesters (fMLP 24% and 44%, ZAS 32% and 38%, respectively). Responses returned to normal within eight weeks of delivery and unstimulated levels remained unchanged throughout pregnancy. Basal and stimulated CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression showed no variations throughout gestation for both pregnancy groups. Likewise, stimulated lactoferrin release and plasma lactoferrin remained unchanged. Certain morphological differences in RA neutrophils were highlighted by the flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, resting neutrophils and stimulated cells from patients with RA, including pregnant subjects, showed a marked increase in LUCL, but a reduction in CD11b, CD18, and CD62L. Low dose prednisolone and methylprednisolone had no effect on neutrophil parameters over the period of treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSION The attenuation to neutrophil respiratory burst in both healthy and RA pregnancies may offer an explanation for the pregnancy induced remission of this inflammatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Crocker
- The Medical Research Centre, Nottingham University, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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Crocker I, Lawson N, Daniels I, Baker P, Fletcher J. Significance of fatty acids in pregnancy-induced immunosuppression. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1999; 6:587-93. [PMID: 10391868 PMCID: PMC95733 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.6.4.587-593.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/1998] [Accepted: 04/19/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy can exert suppressive effects on chronic inflammatory conditions. We have previously demonstrated a depression in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) respiratory burst during pregnancy which could explain this amelioration. To elucidate the biochemical mechanism, we have examined PMN phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and its relationship to cellular and circulating fatty acids in pregnant women (30 to 34 weeks) and nonpregnant controls. PMN PLA2 activity was determined by arachidonic acid (AA) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release, respiratory burst activity was determined by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, and total serum and PMN fatty acid levels were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. AA release was significantly reduced for pregnancy PMNs in response to N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP) under unprimed and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- or interleukin 8-primed conditions. Similarly, LTB4 liberation was significantly reduced in response to fMLP and phorbol myristate acetate in unprimed and TNF-alpha-primed pregnancy PMNs. All major fatty acid classes were altered in the pregnant state. Of these differences in PMNs, oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid showed a significant increase (13 and 26%, respectively) and stearic acid and AA showed a significant decrease (8 and 30%, respectively). The stearic acid, oleic acid, and AA compositions of all cells analyzed correlated with their corresponding changes in serum fatty acid levels. Crossover serum incubations modified both fatty acid profiles and the PMN respiratory burst accordingly, while individual fatty acid incorporation studies highlighted the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids for NADPH oxidase efficiency. These findings indicate that the attenuation of PMN function in pregnancy may originate from a reduction in the available pool of cellular fatty acids. Furthermore, this reduction arises as a direct result of a pregnancy-induced shift in circulating fatty acids from polyunsaturated to monounsaturated forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Crocker
- Medical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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Tsakonas DP, Tsakona CP, Worman CP, Goldstone AH, Nicolaides KH. Myeloperoxidase activity and nuclear segmentation of maternal neutrophils during normal pregnancy. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY 1994; 16:337-42. [PMID: 7736712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1994.tb00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nuclear segmentation of neutrophils were measured in peripheral blood samples from 90 normal pregnant women, arranged in nine groups of ten each, every four weeks at 8-40 weeks gestation and from 25 non-pregnant healthy female controls. A blood autoanalyser (Technicon H*1) was used to determine the mean peroxidase index (MPXI) and the lobularity index (LI) of circulating neutrophils. Mean MPXI levels in pregnancy decreased with gestation to a minimum at 20 weeks' gestation and increased thereafter to reach non-pregnant levels at 36 weeks. Mean LI values did not change significantly with gestation, but were significantly lower throughout pregnancy compared to controls. There was no significant association between MPXI and LI. It could be postulated that the fall in MPXI during mid-gestation is due to degranulation of neutrophils and the subsequent rise at the end of pregnancy could be a consequence of enhanced MPO activity under the influence of oestrogens. Low LI suggests the production of immature neutrophils during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Tsakonas
- Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK
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Barriga C, Rodriguez AB, Ortega E. Increased phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994; 57:43-6. [PMID: 7821502 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(94)90109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many immunological parameters are depressed during pregnancy. For this reason, an evaluation was made of the phagocytic activity, representing non-specific immunity, of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from pregnant women. The cells were isolated from heparinized venous human blood of pregnant women of 10 or more weeks' gestation and non-pregnant women (controls), 20-30 years old. The results indicate that the phagocytosis of inert particles (latex beads) does not significantly change in pregnancy. However, the attachment, ingestion and digestion of Candida albicans significantly increased in pregnancy, with the greatest difference from controls being in the second trimester. These findings suggest that the phagocytic activity in pregnant women is enhanced and that this increased non-specific immunity may compensate in part for weakened specific immunity of the maternal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barriga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Shibuya T, Izuchi K, Kuroiwa A, Harada H, Kumamoto A, Shirakawa K. Study on nonspecific immunity in pregnant women: II. Effect of hormones on chemiluminescence response of peripheral blood phagocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 1991; 26:76-81. [PMID: 1837454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1991.tb00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the mechanisms of increased nonspecific immunity in pregnant women, the effect of various hormones on the phagocytic activity was estimated by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) response during phagocytosing opsonized zymosan. The CL response of whole blood supplemented with exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased significantly in all the male and female subjects and pregnant women. An approximate two- to fourfold increase was observed in comparison with the unsupplemented control in each subject at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 IU/ml after 48 h of incubation (P less than 0.05). Progesterone slightly stimulated the CL response in female subjects only, but had no effect on male and pregnant women. Estradiol (E2) did not stimulate the CL response in any subject. The expression of Fc and C3b receptors on the surface of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) in pregnant women was also investigated by measuring the immunofluorescence stained with monoclonal antibody to Fc and C3b receptors, respectively. The relative numbers of Fc receptors increased significantly in the third trimester compared to those of female control (P less than 0.05). Those of C3b receptor also increased in the second and third trimester (P less than 0.005). These results suggested that the nonspecific immunity represented by phagocytic activity in pregnant women increased with both oxidative metabolic responsiveness and the expression of membrane receptors. Besides, the increased phagocytic activity of the maternal host is probably due to the stimulatory effect of both endogenous and exogenous hCG on their peripheral blood phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
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21
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Pope RM. Immunoregulatory mechanisms present in the maternal circulation during pregnancy. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY 1990; 4:33-52. [PMID: 2282662 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic alterations of the maternal inflammatory and immune system occur during pregnancy. These changes alone are unlikely to be responsible for the acceptance of the fetal semiallograft. Numerous local events at the maternal-fetal interface appear to be more important. The alterations of the maternal inflammatory and immune systems are subtle enough for no significant increase of infections or malignancy to be apparent. However, 75% of women with rheumatoid arthritis are clinically improved during pregnancy. The effects of pregnancy on polymorphonuclear cells are not likely to be responsible because cell function actually appears enhanced in vivo, despite the fact that pregnancy serum is suppressive in vitro. There is no clear evidence for reduction of monocyte/macrophage function during pregnancy, either in vivo or in vitro. It is unlikely that modulation of B cell phenotype or function is responsible because no suppression is noted, either in vivo or in vitro. Selected products of B cells, immune complexes, appear to be reduced during pregnancy. In patients, the reduction in the concentration of complexes may be due to adsorption by the placenta. The importance of this reduction as a causative factor in the improvement of women with rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy remains to be determined. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity is decreased during pregnancy. This may in part be due to the release of progesterone induced blocking factor. It is also possible that circulating factors, capable of inhibiting IL-2 release or IL-2 function in vivo, might be responsible. Natural killer cytotoxicity can be normalized by incubation with IL-2. It is unclear how the reduction of natural killer cell activity might systematically affect inflammation or immunity in vivo during pregnancy. In vivo delayed type hypersensitivity appears somewhat reduced during pregnancy. This observation appears consistent with the improvement of rheumatoid synovitis, which is also thought to be T cell mediated. T cell function, measured in vitro, generally appears normal. However, most recent studies have employed mitogens, such as PHA, which is not physiological. Subtle defects involving antigen processing or antigen presentation might be missed in this system. These observations suggest that circulating factors might be important in modulating the cell mediated immune system, in vivo, during pregnancy. While anti-HLA-DR antibodies eluted from the human placenta may be effective therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, their occurrence is too infrequent to account for the improvement seen in afflicted patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Whyte GJ, Seymour GJ, Cheung K, Robinson MF. Chemiluminescence of peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes from adult periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 1989; 16:69-74. [PMID: 2646331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1989.tb01616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) constitute a primary host resistance factor against infection. This study investigated the chemiluminescent (CL) response of peripheral blood PMN's isolated from human subjects with adult periodontitis. 32 subjects were categorized on the basis of age and periodontal disease status into 4 equal groups--young healthy, young diseased, old healthy and old diseased. PMN CL was stimulated using heat-killed, serum-opsonized Fusobacterium nucleatum--a specific periodontopathic gram-negative anaerobe, and Escherichia coli as a gram-negative control organism. The results showed a statistically significant enhancement (p less than 0.05) in the CL response, which was cell associated, in the young diseased subjects. This was not seen in the old subjects (p greater than 0.05), suggesting that in periodontal disease in young subjects the peripheral blood PMNs may be in a metabolically activated state. There was nevertheless a degree of variability between individual subjects within each of the 4 clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Whyte
- Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry, University of Queensland, Dental School, Brisbane Q., Australia
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Shibuya T, Izuchi K, Kuroiwa A, Okabe N, Shirakawa K. Study on nonspecific immunity in pregnant women: increased chemiluminescence response of peripheral blood phagocytes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY : AJRIM 1987; 15:19-23. [PMID: 3425776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1987.tb00144.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The total number of circulating leucocytes in the peripheral blood of pregnant women progressively increased with advance in gestation because of neutrophilia. When the phagocytic activity, representing nonspecific immunity, was estimated by a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) response during phagocytosing opsonized zymosan, we observed that the CL response of whole blood and Ficoll-Paque separated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) significantly increased throughout the pregnancy (P less than 0.01). The CL responses of mononuclear leucocytes (MN) and monocytes also increased and reached peak levels in the third trimester (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the phagocytic activity in pregnant women increases, not only with regard to the number of phagocytes but also with regard to individual cell function, from a relatively early stage of the pregnancy, and that this increased nonspecific immunity may compensate in part for a weakened specific immunity of the maternal host. Attention should be directed to effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) relative to the increased CL response during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibuya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
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Krause PJ, Ingardia CJ, Pontius LT, Malech HL, LoBello TM, Maderazo EG. Host defense during pregnancy: neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 157:274-80. [PMID: 3618673 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with impairment in several immunologic functions that effect the outcome of certain infectious and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have indicated that pregnant women have decreased neutrophil motility, but results are discordant. We performed a longitudinal study of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis using a micropore filter assay and polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence using a nylon wool column assay in 58 women during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis was decreased significantly in pregnant women during the second (-20%) and third (-17%) trimesters and 1 to 3 months post partum (-18%), but not during the first trimester (-6%) compared with nonpregnant control subjects. The impairment in polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis appeared to be a cell-associated rather than a humoral defect. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence was decreased significantly in pregnant women during the third trimester (-16%). These data may help explain the increased incidence of infection and amelioration of certain immunologically mediated illnesses during pregnancy.
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Asman B, Bergström K, Wijkander P, Lockowandt B. Influence of plasma components on luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence from peripheral granulocytes in juvenile periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1986; 13:850-5. [PMID: 3465755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb02242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation rate of free oxygen radicals as measured by maximal light intensity of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence from peripheral blood granulocytes (PMN) stimulated with differently opsonized Staphylococcus aureus was studied in 13 patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP) and pair-matched, healthy controls. Plasma proteins related to inflammation were also assayed. When stimulated with bacteria opsonized with autologous serum, the PMN from the JP patients showed a more intensive chemiluminescence than did their pair-matched controls (p less than or equal to 0.0005). The difference was consistent but slightly reduced when using heat-treated serum (p less than or equal to 0.006) or heterologous gammaglobulin (p less than or equal to 0.19) for opsonization. When testing freeze preserved sera from 11 of the compared pairs, the sera from JP patients induced a slightly higher chemiluminescence in PMN from a healthy donor (p less than or equal to 0.031). Protein analysis of the patient sera revealed a slightly higher concentration of complement 4 (p less than or equal to 0.032) and IgM (p less than or equal to 0.030) when compared with their respective pair-matched healthy controls. The influence of other blood components contaminating our assay system was checked on healthy PMN cells. Lymphocytes, platelets, relevant amounts of ADP and serum had no effect on the chemiluminescence. In conclusion, the increased chemiluminescence of peripheral blood granulocytes from patients with juvenile periodontitis seems to be related mainly to the cells. The association with free oxygen radicals and their tissue-damaging potency might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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27
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Miller C, Russell AS. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte response to stimulation in vitro during pregnancy. Inflammation 1986; 10:215-22. [PMID: 3017855 DOI: 10.1007/bf00916117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) isolated from pregnant women in the third trimester and from controls were studied using zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (CL) and f-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated superoxide (O2-) generation. CL was significantly increased during pregnancy, but a decrease was noted in cytochrome c reduction. Total cellular levels of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme were diminished in PMNLs from pregnant subjects, with unaltered concentrations of cytosol lactate dehydrogenase. The capacity of PMNLs from pregnant women to degranulate did not differ from controls. It is suggested that during pregnancy, in vivo stimulation of PMNLs may occur to account for these changes.
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Asman B, Engström PE, Olsson T, Bergström K. Increased luminol enhanced chemiluminescence from peripheral granulocytes in juvenile periodontitis. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 1984; 92:218-23. [PMID: 6589737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1984.tb00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The granulocyte function in patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP) (eight men and six women, aged 13-33 yr) and sex and age matched controls was determined by the luminol enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) induced by opsonized and unopsonized bacteria or latex beads. Maximal CL induced by latex beads with or without autologus serum did not differ between the two groups. However, bacteria with or without autologous serum seemed to induce a higher maximal CL in the JP group. The difference was statistically significant for the results obtained with opsonized bacteria. Serum opsonized bacteria induced a much higher maximal CL than the unopsonized. The opsonin dependent reaction indicates a close association with the process of phagocytosis. The increased CL of granulocytes in JP could indicate the formation of extracellularly free oxygen radicals with the potential to damage tissue. These observations support a possible involvement of the granulocytes in the pathogenesis of JP.
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29
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Oberg G, Lindmark G, Moberg L, Venge P. The peroxidase activity and cellular content of granule proteins in PMN during pregnancy. Br J Haematol 1983; 55:701-8. [PMID: 6322831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1983.tb02853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cellular content of myeloperoxidase (MPO), chymotrypsin-like cationic protein (CCP) and lactoferrin (LF) of isolated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) from pregnant women were analysed by immuno-chemical methods. The cellular levels of MPO and CCP were unaltered during pregnancy while the cellular levels of LF were increased during pregnancy and post partum (P less than 0.01). Peroxidase activity within isolated PMN was analysed by two methods, a Guaiacol method and a Chemiluminescence method. The activity was found to be reduced during pregnancy. The reduction was explained by the reduction in eosinophil peroxidase which in turn was a consequence of a reduced number of circulating eosinophils during pregnancy.
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Ostensen M, von Schoultz B, Husby G. Comparison between serum alpha 2-pregnancy-associated globulin and activity of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis during pregnancy. Scand J Rheumatol 1983; 12:315-8. [PMID: 6623021 DOI: 10.3109/03009748309098556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A possible association between alpha 2-pregnancy-associated globulin (alpha 2-PAG) and activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during pregnancy was investigated. In a prospective study, the correlation between disease activity and serum alpha 2-PAG levels during and after pregnancy was evaluated in 11 women with RA. For comparison, 12 women with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and 14 healthy women were also studied. No correlation between improvement of disease activity and serum alpha 2-PAG levels could be detected in pregnant RA or AS patients. In contrast, a positive association between total disease activity score and serum alpha 2-PAG levels was found in pregnant RA and AS patients.
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36
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Persellin RH, Thorne KJ. Inhibition of phagocytosis of Trypanosome dionisii by pregnancy alpha-2 glycoprotein. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1981; 75:436-8. [PMID: 7324112 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(81)90114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosome phagocytosis by normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied in the presence of the pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (PAG). A serum fraction containing PAG at a concentration of 13.5 micrograms/ml significantly inhibited the uptake of Trypanosoma dionisii when contrasted with an identically obtained male serum fraction devoid of PAG (P less than .01). This finding of diminished trypanosome uptake in physiologic concentrations of PAG could account for the suggested increase in the frequency and severity of protozoal infections during gestation.
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37
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Fein HG, Goldman JM, Weintraub BD. Postpartum lymphocytic thyroiditis in American women: a spectrum of thyroid dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980; 138:504-10. [PMID: 6893523 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Six episodes of primary hypothyroidism followed pregnancy in five women. Within 6 months post partum, all were clinically hypothyroid, with a diffuse goiter of two or three times normal size, altered thyroid function tests (average thyroxine [T4] = 2.6 micrograms/dl, thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] = 58.2 microunits/ml), and elevated antithyroid antibodies. (All had antimicrosomal antibody titers of 1:6,400 or more.) After 5 more months, all patients had a decrease in antibody titer, resolution of symptoms, and recovery of thyroid hormone levels (average T4 = 7.3 micrograms/dl), although two patients had compensated hypothyroidism (their average TSH = 9.3 microunits/ml). Four patients had lymphocytic thyroiditis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Despite the apparent transience of postpartum hypothyroidism, all five patients have chronic thyroid dysfunction: three women have persistent goiters (all less than twice normal size) and two have compensated hypothyroidism; one patient had previous Graves' hyperthyroidism, and two had recurrent transient hypothyroidism (at 21 months postpartum in one patient, and 5 months after another pregnancy in the other). Three women had transient, painless hyperthyroidism (average T4 = 16.1) before becoming hypothyroid: two patients within 8 weeks post partum, and the third patient at 20 months (preceding an episode of recurrent hypothyroidism). Previous reports of postpartum hypothyroidism have come from scattered locales abroad, and it is unclear whether local environmental factors are pathogenic. Nevertheless, this syndrome may, in general, have gone unrecognized and may be a significant cause of illness in postpartum women.
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Symposium on host-parasite interactions. Umeå, Sweden, June 6-8, 1979. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. SUPPLEMENTUM 1980; Suppl 24:1-227. [PMID: 6937973 DOI: 10.3109/inf.1980.12.suppl-24.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bjo Rksten B. Phagocyte function in pregnancy. IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 1980; 1:55-56. [PMID: 25289762 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(80)90020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bjo Rksten
- Department of Biomedical Research, Pharmacia AB, Box 181, S-175 04 Uppsala 1, Sweden
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Abstract
Pregnant women have an increased risk for some infections, particularly during the last trimester. Phagocytic emigration from the circulation into tissues is an important aspect of the initial immune response. Therefore, circulating phagocytes of 42 pregnant and 15 postpartum patients were studied in vitro for random and chemotactic (or directional) migration through membrane filters (Millipore Corp., Bedford, Mass.). Random migration of phagocytes from all 42 pregnant patients studied in each trimester was within normal limits. Chemotactic migration of 25 patients who were between 6 and 33 weeks of pregnancy was also similar to values obtained with control leukocytes (20 nonpregnant, normal females. However, phagocytes of 17 other women studied between week 34 of pregnancy and term showed marked depressions in chemotaxis (P less than 0.001 from control values). During labor and within 3 days of delivery, chemotactic migration increased to supranormal levels in 14 of 15 women studied. Sera from six pregnant patients with proven chemotactic defects did not reduce migration when incubated with normal phagocytes. These chemotactic defects appear to be intrinsic and may be important in predisposing to infections during late pregnancy.
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