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Wang Z, Li L, Khan D, Chen Y, Pu X, Wang X, Guan M, Rengel Z, Chen Q. Nitric oxide acts downstream of reactive oxygen species in phytomelatonin receptor 1 (PMTR1)-mediated stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 282:153917. [PMID: 36706575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.153917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are important signaling molecules regulating stomatal movements in plants. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was found to induce stomatal closure via phytomelatonin receptor 1 (PMTR1)-mediated activation of ROS production. Here, we evaluated the interaction between ROS and NO in the melatonin-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the exogenous melatonin-induced stomatal closure and NO production were abolished by carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO, a NO scavenger). Additionally, the mutant lines nitrate reductase 1 and 2 (nia1nia2) and NO-associated 1 (noa1) did not show melatonin-induced stomatal closure, indicating that the melatonin-mediated stomatal closure is dependent on NO. The application of H2O2 induced the NO production and stomatal closure in the presence or absence of melatonin. However, the melatonin-induced NO production was impaired in the rhohC and rbohD/F (NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homologs) mutant plants. Furthermore, the ROS levels in nia1nia2 and noa1 did not differ significantly from the wild type plants, indicating that NO is a downstream component in the melatonin-induced ROS production. Exogenous melatonin did not induce NO and ROS production in the guard cells of pmtr1 mutant lines, suggesting NO occurs downstream of ROS in the PMTR1-mediated stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that melatonin-induced stomatal closure via PMTR1-mediated signaling in the regulation of ROS and NO production in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Leilin Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Dawood Khan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojun Pu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Miao Guan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China.
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Feitosa-Araujo E, da Fonseca-Pereira P, Pena MM, Lana-Costa J, Coelho DG, de Oliveira Silva FM, Medeiros DB, Linka N, Araújo WL, Weber APM, Fernie AR, Nunes-Nesi A. Mitochondrial and peroxisomal NAD + uptake are important for improved photosynthesis and seed yield under elevated CO 2 concentrations. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:713-730. [PMID: 35644998 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adapt their physiology and developmental processes to cope with challenging environmental circumstances, such as the ongoing elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is a cornerstone of plant metabolism and plays an essential role in redox homeostasis. Given that plants impaired in NAD metabolism and transport often display growth defects, low seed production and disturbed stomatal development/movement, we hypothesized that subcellular NAD distribution could be a candidate for plants to exploit the effects of CO2 fertilization. We report that an efficient subcellular NAD+ distribution is required for the fecundity-promoting effects of elevated CO2 levels. Plants with reduced expression of either mitochondrial (NDT1 or NDT2) or peroxisomal (PXN) NAD+ transporter genes grown under elevated CO2 exhibited reduced total leaf area compared with the wild-type while PXN mutants also displayed reduced leaf number. NDT2 and PXN lines grown under elevated CO2 conditions displayed reduced rosette dry weight and lower photosynthetic rates coupled with reduced stomatal conductance. Interestingly, high CO2 doubled seed production and seed weight in the wild-type, whereas the mutants were less responsive to increases in CO2 levels during reproduction, producing far fewer seeds than the wild-type under both CO2 conditions. These data highlight the importance of mitochondrial and peroxisomal NAD+ uptake mediated by distinct NAD transporter proteins to modulate photosynthesis and seed production under high CO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Feitosa-Araujo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mateus Miranda Pena
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaciara Lana-Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Gomes Coelho
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - David Barbosa Medeiros
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Improvement of plant tolerance to drought stress by cotton tubby-like protein 30 through stomatal movement regulation. J Adv Res 2022; 42:55-67. [PMID: 35738523 PMCID: PMC9788940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cotton is a vital industrial crop that is gradually shifting to planting in arid areas. However, tubby-like proteins (TULPs) involved in plant response to various stresses are rarely reported in cotton. The present study exhibited that GhTULP30 transcription in cotton was induced by drought stress. OBJECTIVE The present study demonstrated the improvement of plant tolerance to drought stress by GhTULP30 through regulation of stomatal movement. METHODS GhTULP30 response to drought and salt stress was preliminarily confirmed by qRT-PCR and yeast stress experiments. Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis and endogenous gene silencing in cotton were used to determine stomatal movement. Yeast two-hybrid and spilt-luciferase were used to screen the interacting proteins. RESULTS Ectopic expression of GhTULP30 in yeast markedly improved yeast cell tolerance to salt and drought. Overexpression of GhTULP30 made Arabidopsis seeds more resistant to drought and salt stress during seed germination and increased the stomata closing speed of the plant under drought stress conditions. Silencing of GhTULP30 in cotton by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology slowed down the closure speed of stomata under drought stress and decreased the length and width of the stomata. The trypan blue and diaminobenzidine staining exhibited the severity of leaf cell necrosis of GhTULP30-silenced plants. Additionally, the contents of proline, malondialdehyde, and catalase of GhTULP30-silenced plants exhibited significant variations, with obvious leaf wilting. Protein interaction experiments exhibited the interaction of GhTULP30 with GhSKP1B and GhXERICO. CONCLUSION GhTULP30 participates in plant response to drought stress. The present study provides a reference and direction for further exploration of TULP functions in cotton plants.
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Ren Z, Suolang B, Fujiwara T, Yang D, Saijo Y, Kinoshita T, Wang Y. Promotion and Upregulation of a Plasma Membrane Proton-ATPase Strategy: Principles and Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749337. [PMID: 35003152 PMCID: PMC8728062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proton-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) is a primary H+ transporter that consumes ATP in vivo and is a limiting factor in the blue light-induced stomatal opening signaling pathway. It was recently reported that manipulation of PM H+-ATPase in stomatal guard cells and other tissues greatly improved leaf photosynthesis and plant growth. In this report, we review and discuss the function of PM H+-ATPase in the context of the promotion and upregulation H+-ATPase strategy, including associated principles pertaining to enhanced stomatal opening, environmental plasticity, and potential applications in crops and nanotechnology. We highlight the great potential of the promotion and upregulation H+-ATPase strategy, and explain why it may be applied in many crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Ren
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bazhen Suolang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tadashi Fujiwara
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Structural and Functional Insights into the Role of Guard Cell Ion Channels in Abiotic Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122774. [PMID: 34961246 PMCID: PMC8707303 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal pore is formed by a pair of specialized guard cells and serves as a major gateway for water transpiration and atmospheric CO2 influx for photosynthesis in plants. These pores must be tightly controlled, as inadequate CO2 intake and excessive water loss are devastating for plants. When the plants are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high CO2 levels, O3, low air humidity, and drought, the turgor pressure of the guard cells exhibits an appropriate response against these stresses, which leads to stomatal closure. This phenomenon involves a complex network of ion channels and their regulation. It is well-established that the turgor pressure of guard cells is regulated by ions transportation across the membrane, such as anions and potassium ions. In this review, the guard cell ion channels are discussed, highlighting the structure and functions of key ion channels; the SLAC1 anion channel and KAT1 potassium channel, and their regulatory components, emphasizing their significance in guard cell response to various stimuli.
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Huang S, Ding M, Roelfsema MRG, Dreyer I, Scherzer S, Al-Rasheid KAS, Gao S, Nagel G, Hedrich R, Konrad KR. Optogenetic control of the guard cell membrane potential and stomatal movement by the light-gated anion channel GtACR1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/28/eabg4619. [PMID: 34244145 PMCID: PMC8270491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells control the aperture of plant stomata, which are crucial for global fluxes of CO2 and water. In turn, guard cell anion channels are seen as key players for stomatal closure, but is activation of these channels sufficient to limit plant water loss? To answer this open question, we used an optogenetic approach based on the light-gated anion channelrhodopsin 1 (GtACR1). In tobacco guard cells that express GtACR1, blue- and green-light pulses elicit Cl- and NO3 - currents of -1 to -2 nA. The anion currents depolarize the plasma membrane by 60 to 80 mV, which causes opening of voltage-gated K+ channels and the extrusion of K+ As a result, continuous stimulation with green light leads to loss of guard cell turgor and closure of stomata at conditions that provoke stomatal opening in wild type. GtACR1 optogenetics thus provides unequivocal evidence that opening of anion channels is sufficient to close stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Würzburg University, Röntgenring 9, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Nagel
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Würzburg University, Röntgenring 9, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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Liang J, Zheng J, Wu Z, Wang H. Strawberry FaNAC2 Enhances Tolerance to Abiotic Stress by Regulating Proline Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9111417. [PMID: 33114021 PMCID: PMC7690739 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The quality and yields of strawberry plants are seriously affected by abiotic stress every year. NAC (NAM, ATAF, CUC) transcription factors are plant-specific, having various functions in plant development and response to stress. In our study, FaNAC2 from strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, cultivar "Benihoppe") was isolated and found to be a member of the ATAF sub-family, belonging to the NAC family of transcription factors. FaNAC2 was strongly expressed in the shoot apical meristem and older leaves of strawberries, and was induced by cold, high salinity, and drought stress. To investigate how FaNAC2 functions in plant responses to abiotic stress, transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants ectopically overexpressing FaNAC2 were generated. The transgenic plants grew better under salt and cold stress, and, during simulated drought treatment, these transgenic lines not only grew better, but also showed higher seed germination rates than wild-type plants. Gene expression analysis revealed that key genes in proline biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in FaNAC2 overexpression lines, while its catabolic pathway genes were down-regulated and proline was accumulated more with the overexpression of FaNAC2 after stress treatments. Furthermore, the gene expression of abscisic acid biosynthesis was also promoted. Our results demonstrate that FaNAC2 plays an important positive role in response to different abiotic stresses and may be further utilized to improve the stress tolerance of strawberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Hongqing Wang
- Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (J.Z.)
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Lefoulon C, Boxall SF, Hartwell J, Blatt MR. Crassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel activity follows transcript abundance and is suppressed by apoplastic malate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1847-1857. [PMID: 32367511 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilising crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO while reducing transpirational water loss associated with photosynthesis. Unlike stomata of C3 and C4 species, CAM stomata open at night for the mesophyll to fix CO2 into malate (Mal) and store it in the vacuole. CAM plants decarboxylate Mal in the light, generating high CO2 concentrations within the leaf behind closed stomata for refixation by RuBisCO. CO2 may contribute to stomatal closure but additional mechanisms, plausibly including Mal activation of anion channels, ensure closure in the light. In the CAM species Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi, we found that guard cell anion channel activity, recorded under voltage clamp, follows KfSLAC1 and KfALMT12 transcript abundance, declining to near zero by the end of the light period. Unexpectedly, however, we found that extracellular Mal inhibited the anion current of Kalanchoë guard cells, both in wild-type and RNAi mutants with impaired Mal metabolism. We conclude that the diurnal cycle of anion channel gene transcription, rather than the physiological signal of Mal release, is a key factor in the inverted CAM stomatal cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lefoulon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Susanna F Boxall
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool,, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool,, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Yukhimets A, Kuzu SL, Akyüz E, Saral A. Investigation of geospatial distribution of PAH compounds in soil phase and determination of soil-air exchange direction in a megacity. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2471-2484. [PMID: 31300942 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, determination of possible sources, soil-air exchange direction, and spatial distribution of PAH concentrations was aimed. In this scope, soil samples were collected from 35 different points, which have the urban and rural characteristics, from European and Asian Sides in Istanbul. The average ∑16PAH concentrations were found as 22.11 ng/g dw for urban site and 19.53 ng/g dw for rural site, respectively. The highest concentration was 279.5 ng/g dw. PAH concentrations were higher in urban site than rural site. Acenaphthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene were observed as the dominant species. PAH concentrations are observed higher mostly in north and west parts of European Side and south and east parts of Asian Side. There was net evaporation from soil to air for lower molecular weight PAHs with 2, 3 rings, while high molecular weight PAHs with 4, 5, 6 rings accumulated in the soil at both urban and rural sites. PAHs were mostly originated from coal burning and the use of diesel engine vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Yukhimets
- Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Levent Kuzu
- Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ezgi Akyüz
- Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arslan Saral
- Environmental Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Davutpaşa-Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rubio L, García-Pérez D, Davies JM, Fernández JA. Short-Term Response of Cytosolic N O 3 - to Inorganic Carbon Increase in Posidonia oceanica Leaf Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 32670341 PMCID: PMC7330836 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased over the past 200 years and is expected to continue rising in the next 50 years at a rate of 3 ppm·year-1. This increase has led to a decrease in seawater pH that has changed inorganic carbon chemical speciation, increasing the dissolved HC O 3 - . Posidonia oceanica is a marine angiosperm that uses HC O 3 - as an inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis. An important side effect of the direct uptake of HC O 3 - is the diminution of cytosolic Cl- (Cl-c) in mesophyll leaf cells due to the efflux through anion channels and, probably, to intracellular compartmentalization. Since anion channels are also permeable to N O 3 - we hypothesize that high HC O 3 - , or even CO2, would also promote a decrease of cytosolic N O 3 - ( N O 3 - c ). In this work we have used N O 3 - - and Cl--selective microelectrodes for the continuous monitoring of the cytosolic concentration of both anions in P. oceanica leaf cells. Under light conditions, mesophyll leaf cells showed a N O 3 - c of 5.7 ± 0.2 mM, which rose up to 7.2 ± 0.6 mM after 30 min in the dark. The enrichment of natural seawater (NSW) with 3 mM NaHCO3 caused both a N O 3 - c decrease of 1 ± 0.04 mM and a Cl c - decrease of 3.5 ± 0.1 mM. The saturation of NSW with 1000 ppm CO2 also produced a diminution of the N O 3 - c , but lower (0.4 ± 0.07 mM). These results indicate that the rise of dissolved inorganic carbon ( HC O 3 - or CO2) in NSW would have an effect on the cytosolic anion homeostasis mechanisms in P. oceanica leaf cells. In the presence of 0.1 mM ethoxyzolamide, the plasma membrane-permeable carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, the CO2-induced cytosolic N O 3 - diminution was much lower (0.1 ± 0.08 mM), pointing to HC O 3 - as the inorganic carbon species that causes the cytosolic N O 3 - leak. The incubation of P. oceanica leaf pieces in 3 mM HC O 3 - -enriched NSW triggered a short-term external N O 3 - net concentration increase consistent with the N O 3 - c leak. As a consequence, the cytosolic N O 3 - diminution induced in high inorganic carbon could result in both the decrease of metabolic N flux and the concomitant biomass N impoverishment in P. oceanica and, probably, in other aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rubio
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Delia García-Pérez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - José A. Fernández
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Munemasa S, Hirao Y, Tanami K, Mimata Y, Nakamura Y, Murata Y. Ethylene Inhibits Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Stomatal Closure by Modulating Guard Cell Slow-Type Anion Channel Activity via the OPEN STOMATA 1/SnRK2.6 Kinase-Independent Pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2263-2271. [PMID: 31241163 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Signal crosstalk between jasmonate and ethylene is crucial for a proper maintenance of defense responses and development. Although previous studies reported that both jasmonate and ethylene also function as modulators of stomatal movements, the signal crosstalk mechanism in stomatal guard cells remains unclear. Here, we show that the ethylene signaling inhibits jasmonate signaling as well as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana and reveal the signaling crosstalk mechanism. Both an ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and an ethylene-releasing compound ethephon induced transient stomatal closure, and also inhibited methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure as well as ABA-induced stomatal closure. The ethylene inhibition of MeJA-induced stomatal closure was abolished in the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-1, whereas MeJA-induced stomatal closure was impaired in the ethylene-overproducing mutant eto1-1. Pretreatment with ACC inhibited MeJA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as ABA-induced ROS production in guard cells but did not suppress ABA activation of OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) kinase in guard cell-enriched epidermal peels. The whole-cell patch-clamp analysis revealed that ACC attenuated MeJA and ABA activation of S-type anion channels in guard cell protoplasts. However, MeJA and ABA inhibitions of Kin channels were not affected by ACC pretreatment. These results suggest that ethylene signaling inhibits MeJA signaling and ABA signaling by targeting S-type anion channels and ROS but not OST1 kinase and K+ channels in Arabidopsis guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukari Hirao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kasumi Tanami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mimata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, Japan
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12
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Bernacka-Wojcik I, Huerta M, Tybrandt K, Karady M, Mulla MY, Poxson DJ, Gabrielsson EO, Ljung K, Simon DT, Berggren M, Stavrinidou E. Implantable Organic Electronic Ion Pump Enables ABA Hormone Delivery for Control of Stomata in an Intact Tobacco Plant. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902189. [PMID: 31513355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electronic control of biological processes with bioelectronic devices holds promise for sophisticated regulation of physiology, for gaining fundamental understanding of biological systems, providing new therapeutic solutions, and digitally mediating adaptations of organisms to external factors. The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) provides a unique means for electronically-controlled, flow-free delivery of ions, and biomolecules at cellular scale. Here, a miniaturized OEIP device based on glass capillary fibers (c-OEIP) is implanted in a biological organism. The capillary form factor at the sub-100 µm scale of the device enables it to be implanted in soft tissue, while its hyperbranched polyelectrolyte channel and addressing protocol allows efficient delivery of a large aromatic molecule. In the first example of an implantable bioelectronic device in plants, the c-OEIP readily penetrates the leaf of an intact tobacco plant with no significant wound response (evaluated up to 24 h) and effectively delivers the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) into the leaf apoplast. OEIP-mediated delivery of ABA, the phytohormone that regulates plant's tolerance to stress, induces closure of stomata, the microscopic pores in leaf's epidermis that play a vital role in photosynthesis and transpiration. Efficient and localized ABA delivery reveals previously unreported kinetics of ABA-induced signal propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Miriam Huerta
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Michal Karady
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Yusuf Mulla
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - David J Poxson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Erik O Gabrielsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74, Norrkoping, Sweden
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13
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Huang S, Waadt R, Nuhkat M, Kollist H, Hedrich R, Roelfsema MRG. Calcium signals in guard cells enhance the efficiency by which abscisic acid triggers stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:177-187. [PMID: 31179540 PMCID: PMC6771588 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During drought, abscisic acid (ABA) induces closure of stomata via a signaling pathway that involves the calcium (Ca2+ )-independent protein kinase OST1, as well as Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases. However, the interconnection between OST1 and Ca2+ signaling in ABA-induced stomatal closure has not been fully resolved. ABA-induced Ca2+ signals were monitored in intact Arabidopsis leaves, which express the ratiometric Ca2+ reporter R-GECO1-mTurquoise and the Ca2+ -dependent activation of S-type anion channels was recorded with intracellular double-barreled microelectrodes. ABA triggered Ca2+ signals that occurred during the initiation period, as well as in the acceleration phase of stomatal closure. However, a subset of stomata closed in the absence of Ca2+ signals. On average, stomata closed faster if Ca2+ signals were elicited during the ABA response. Loss of OST1 prevented ABA-induced stomatal closure and repressed Ca2+ signals, whereas elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration caused a rapid activation of SLAC1 and SLAH3 anion channels. Our data show that the majority of Ca2+ signals are evoked during the acceleration phase of stomatal closure, which is initiated by OST1. These Ca2+ signals are likely to activate Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases, which enhance the activity of S-type anion channels and boost stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal StudiesPlant Developmental BiologyRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 230D‐69120 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuNooruse 1Tartu50411Estonia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
| | - M. Rob G. Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and BiophysicsJulius‐von‐Sachs Institute for BiosciencesBiocenter, Würzburg UniversityJulius‐von‐Sachs‐Platz 2D‐97082 WürzburgGermany
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14
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Thomas HR, Frank MH. Connecting the pieces: uncovering the molecular basis for long-distance communication through plant grafting. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:582-589. [PMID: 30834529 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants are wired with a remarkable long-distance communication system. This network can span from as little as a few centimeters (or less) in species like Arabidopsis, up to 100 m in the tallest giant sequoia, linking distant organ systems into a unified, multicellular organism. Grafting is a fundamental technique that allows researchers to physically break apart and reassemble the long-distance transport system, enabling the discovery of molecular signals that underlie intraorganismal communication. In this review, we highlight how plant grafting has facilitated the discovery of new long-distance signaling molecules that function in coordinating developmental transitions, abiotic and biotic responses, and cross-species interactions. This rapidly expanding area of research offers sustainable approaches for improving plant performance in the laboratory, the field, the orchard, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Thomas
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Margaret H Frank
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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15
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Kitagawa M, Tomoi T, Fukushima T, Sakata Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Fujita T, Sakakibara H. Abscisic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Molecular Trafficking through Plasmodesmata in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:738-751. [PMID: 30597108 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In multi-cellular organisms, cell-to-cell communication is crucial for adapting to changes in the surrounding environment. In plants, plasmodesmata (PD) provide a unique pathway for cell-to-cell communication. PD interconnect most cells and generate a cytoplasmic continuum, allowing the trafficking of various micro- and macromolecules between cells. This molecular trafficking through PD is dynamically regulated by altering PD permeability dependent on environmental changes, thereby leading to an appropriate response to various stresses; however, how PD permeability is dynamically regulated is still largely unknown. Moreover, studies on the regulation of PD permeability have been conducted primarily in a limited number of angiosperms. Here, we studied the regulation of PD permeability in the moss Physcomitrella patens and report that molecular trafficking through PD is rapidly and reversibly restricted by abscisic acid (ABA). Since ABA plays a key role in various stress responses in the moss, PD permeability can be controlled by ABA to adapt to surrounding environmental changes. This ABA-dependent restriction of PD trafficking correlates with a reduction in PD pore size. Furthermore, we also found that the rate of macromolecular trafficking is higher in an ABA-synthesis defective mutant, suggesting that the endogenous level of ABA is also important for PD-mediated macromolecular trafficking. Thus, our study provides compelling evidence that P. patens exploits ABA as one of the key regulators of PD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Tomoi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukushima
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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16
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Kollist H, Zandalinas SI, Sengupta S, Nuhkat M, Kangasjärvi J, Mittler R. Rapid Responses to Abiotic Stress: Priming the Landscape for the Signal Transduction Network. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:25-37. [PMID: 30401516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow and reproduce within a highly dynamic environment that can see abrupt changes in conditions, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, or interactions with biotic agents. Recent studies revealed that plants can respond within seconds to some of these conditions, engaging many different metabolic and molecular networks, as well as rapidly altering their stomatal aperture. Some of these rapid responses were further shown to propagate throughout the entire plant via waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ that are possibly mediated through the plant vascular system. Here, we propose that the integration of these signals is mediated through pulses of gene expression that are coordinated throughout the plant in a systemic manner by the ROS/Ca+2 waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Soham Sengupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA; The Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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17
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Gutermuth T, Herbell S, Lassig R, Brosché M, Romeis T, Feijó JA, Hedrich R, Konrad KR. Tip-localized Ca 2+ -permeable channels control pollen tube growth via kinase-dependent R- and S-type anion channel regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1089-1105. [PMID: 29522235 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes (PTs) are characterized by having tip-focused cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+ ) concentration ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) gradients, which are believed to control PT growth. However, the mechanisms by which the apical [Ca2+ ]cyt orchestrates PT growth are not well understood. Here, we aimed to identify these mechanisms by combining reverse genetics, cell biology, electrophysiology, and live-cell Ca2+ and anion imaging. We triggered Ca2+ -channel activation by applying hyperpolarizing voltage pulses and observed that the evoked [Ca2+ ]cyt increases were paralleled by high anion channel activity and a decrease in the cytosolic anion concentration at the PT tip. We confirmed a functional correlation between these patterns by showing that inhibition of Ca2+ -permeable channels eliminated the [Ca2+ ]cyt increase, resulting in the abrogation of anion channel activity via Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases (CPKs). Functional characterization of CPK and anion-channel mutants revealed a CPK2/20/6-dependent activation of SLAH3 and ALMT12/13/14 anion channels. The impaired growth phenotypes of anion channel and CPK mutants support the physiological significance of a kinase- and Ca2+ -dependent pathway to control PT growth via anion channel activation. Other than unveiling this functional link, our membrane hyperpolarization method allows for unprecedented manipulation of the [Ca2+ ]cyt gradient or oscillations in the PT tips and opens an array of opportunities for channel screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gutermuth
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Herbell
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roman Lassig
- Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12/16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tina Romeis
- Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, FU Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12/16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - José Alberto Feijó
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, 2136 Bioscience Research Building, College Park, MD, 20742-5815, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Robert Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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18
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Konrad KR, Maierhofer T, Hedrich R. Spatio-temporal Aspects of Ca2+ Signalling: Lessons from Guard Cells and Pollen Tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986225. [PMID: 29701811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) serve to transmit information in eukaryotic cells. The involvement of this second messenger in plant cell growth as well as osmotic- and water relations is well established. After almost 40 years of intense research on the coding and decoding of plant Ca2+ signals, numerous proteins involved in Ca2+ action have been identified. However, we are still far from understanding the complexity of Ca2+ networks. New in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques combined with molecular genetics allow visualisation of spatio-temporal aspects of Ca2+ signalling. In parallel, cell biology together with protein biochemistry and electrophysiology are able to dissect information processing by this second messenger in space and time. Here we focus on the time-resolved changes in cellular events upon Ca2+ signals, concentrating on the two best-studied cell types, pollen tubes and guard cells. We put their signalling networks side by side, compare them with those of other cell types and discuss rapid signalling in the context of Ca2+ transients and oscillations to regulate ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Maierhofer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
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19
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AUX1-mediated root hair auxin influx governs SCF TIR1/AFB-type Ca 2+ signaling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1174. [PMID: 29563504 PMCID: PMC5862985 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, but the causal relationship between hormone transport and root responses remains unresolved. Here we describe auxin uptake, together with early steps in signaling, in Arabidopsis root hairs. Using intracellular microelectrodes we show membrane depolarization, in response to IAA in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner. This depolarization is strongly impaired in aux1 mutants, indicating that AUX1 is the major transporter for auxin uptake in root hairs. Local intracellular auxin application triggers Ca2+ signals that propagate as long-distance waves between root cells and modulate their auxin responses. AUX1-mediated IAA transport, as well as IAA- triggered calcium signals, are blocked by treatment with the SCFTIR1/AFB - inhibitor auxinole. Further, they are strongly reduced in the tir1afb2afb3 and the cngc14 mutant. Our study reveals that the AUX1 transporter, the SCFTIR1/AFB receptor and the CNGC14 Ca2+ channel, mediate fast auxin signaling in roots. Auxin regulates multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Here Dindas et al. show that in root-hair cells, the AUX1 auxin influx carrier mediates proton-driven auxin import that is perceived by auxin receptors and coupled to Ca2+ waves that may modulate adaptive responses in the root.
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20
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Isner JC, Begum A, Nuehse T, Hetherington AM, Maathuis FJ. KIN7 Kinase Regulates the Vacuolar TPK1 K+ Channel during Stomatal Closure. Curr Biol 2018; 28:466-472.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Geilfus CM. The pH of the Apoplast: Dynamic Factor with Functional Impact Under Stress. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1371-1386. [PMID: 28987886 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast is an interconnected compartment with a thin water-film that alkalinizes under stress. This systemic pH increase may be a secondary effect without functional implications, arising from ion movements or proton-pump regulations. On the other hand, there are increasing indications that it is part of a mechanism to withstand stress. Regardless of this controversy, alkalinization of the apoplast has received little attention. The apoplastic pH (pHapo) increases not only during plant-pathogen interactions but also in response to salinity or drought. Not much is known about the mechanisms that cause the leaf apoplast to alkalinize, nor whether, and if so, how functional impact is conveyed. Controversial explanations have been given, and the unusual complexity of pHapo regulation is considered as the primary reason behind this lack of knowledge. A gathering of scattered information revealed that changes in pHapo convey functionality by regulating stomatal aperture via the effects exerted on abscisic acid. Moreover, apoplastic alkalinization may regulate growth under stress, whereas this needs to be verified. In this review, a comprehensive survey about several physiological mechanisms that alkalize the apoplast under stress is given, and the suitability of apoplastic alkalinization as transducing element for the transmission of sensory information is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Hedrich R, Geiger D. Biology of SLAC1-type anion channels - from nutrient uptake to stomatal closure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:46-61. [PMID: 28722226 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contents 46 I. 46 II. 47 III. 50 IV. 53 V. 56 VI. 57 58 58 References 58 SUMMARY: Stomatal guard cells control leaf CO2 intake and concomitant water loss to the atmosphere. When photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is limited and the ratio of CO2 intake to transpiration becomes suboptimal, guard cells, sensing the rise in CO2 concentration in the substomatal cavity, deflate and the stomata close. Screens for mutants that do not close in response to experimentally imposed high CO2 atmospheres identified the guard cell-expressed Slowly activating anion channel, SLAC1, as the key player in the regulation of stomatal closure. SLAC1 evolved, though, before the emergence of guard cells. In Arabidopsis, SLAC1 is the founder member of a family of anion channels, which comprises four homologues. SLAC1 and SLAH3 mediate chloride and nitrate transport in guard cells, while SLAH1, SLAH2 and SLAH3 are engaged in root nitrate and chloride acquisition, and anion translocation to the shoot. The signal transduction pathways involved in CO2 , water stress and nutrient-sensing activate SLAC/SLAH via distinct protein kinase/phosphatase pairs. In this review, we discuss the role that SLAC/SLAH channels play in guard cell closure, on the one hand, and in the root-shoot continuum on the other, along with the molecular basis of the channels' anion selectivity and gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
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23
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Karuppanapandian T, Geilfus CM, Mühling KH, Novák O, Gloser V. Early changes of the pH of the apoplast are different in leaves, stem and roots of Vicia faba L. under declining water availability. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 255:51-58. [PMID: 28131341 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in pH of the apoplast have recently been discussed as an important factor in adjusting transpiration and water relations under conditions of drought via modulatory effect on abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Using Vicia faba L., we investigated whether changes in the root, shoot and leaf apoplastic pH correlated with (1) a drought-induced reduction in transpiration and with (2) changes in ABA concentration. Transpiration, leaf water potential and ABA in leaves were measured and correlated with root and shoot xylem pH, determined by a pH microelectrode, and pH of leaf apoplast quantified by microscopy-based in vivo ratiometric analysis. Results revealed that a reduction in transpiration rate in the early phase of soil drying could not be linked with changes in the apoplastic pH via effects on the stomata-regulating hormone ABA. Moreover, drought-induced increase in pH of xylem or leaf apoplast was not the remote effect of an acropetal transport of alkaline sap from root, because root xylem acidified during progressive soil drying, whereas the shoot apoplast alkalized. We reason that other, yet unknown signalling mechanism was responsible for reduction of transpiration rate in the early phase of soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C-M Geilfus
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Crop Science, Division of Crop Product Quality, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K-H Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - O Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - V Gloser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
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24
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Palmer AJ, Baker A, Muench SP. The varied functions of aluminium-activated malate transporters-much more than aluminium resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:856-62. [PMID: 27284052 PMCID: PMC5264499 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ALMT (aluminium-activated malate transporter) family comprises a functionally diverse but structurally similar group of ion channels. They are found ubiquitously in plant species, expressed throughout different tissues, and located in either the plasma membrane or tonoplast. The first family member identified was TaALMT1, discovered in wheat root tips, which was found to be involved in aluminium resistance by means of malate exudation into the soil. However, since this discovery other family members have been shown to have many other functions such as roles in stomatal opening, general anionic homoeostasis, and in economically valuable traits such as fruit flavour. Recent evidence has also shown that ALMT proteins can act as key molecular actors in GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) signalling, the first evidence that GABA can act as a signal transducer in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony J Palmer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Alison Baker
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Centre for Plant Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. )
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Qiao Z, Li CL, Zhang W. WRKY1 regulates stomatal movement in drought-stressed Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:53-65. [PMID: 26820136 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A key response of plants to moisture stress is stomatal closure, a process mediated by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Closure is affected by changes in the turgor of the stomatal guard cell. The transcription factor WRKY1 is a part of the regulatory machinery underlying stomatal movements, and through this, in the plant's response to drought stress. The loss-of-function T-DNA insertion mutant wrky1 was particularly sensitive to ABA, with respect to both ion channel regulation and stomatal movements, and less sensitive to drought than the wild type. Complementation of the wrky1 mutant resulted in the recovery of the wild type phenotype. The WRKY1 product localized to the nucleus, and was shown able to bind to the W-box domain in the promoters of MYB2, ABCG40, DREB1A and ABI5, and thereby to control their transcription in response to drought stress or ABA treatment. WRKY1 is thought to act as a negative regulator in guard cell ABA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chun-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Segal AW. NADPH oxidases as electrochemical generators to produce ion fluxes and turgor in fungi, plants and humans. Open Biol 2016; 6:160028. [PMID: 27249799 PMCID: PMC4892433 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOXs are a family of flavocytochromes whose basic structure has been largely conserved from algae to man. This is a very simple system. NADPH is generally available, in plants it is a direct product of photosynthesis, and oxygen is a largely ubiquitous electron acceptor, and the electron-transporting core of an FAD and two haems is the minimal required to pass electrons across the plasma membrane. These NOXs have been shown to be essential for diverse functions throughout the biological world and, lacking a clear mechanism of action, their effects have generally been attributed to free radical reactions. Investigation into the function of neutrophil leucocytes has demonstrated that electron transport through the prototype NOX2 is accompanied by the generation of a charge across the membrane that provides the driving force propelling protons and other ions across the plasma membrane. The contention is that the primary function of the NOXs is to supply the driving force to transport ions, the nature of which will depend upon the composition and characteristics of the local ion channels, to undertake a host of diverse functions. These include the generation of turgor in fungi and plants for the growth of filaments and invasion by appressoria in the former, and extension of pollen tubes and root hairs, and stomatal closure, in the latter. In neutrophils, they elevate the pH in the phagocytic vacuole coupled to other ion fluxes. In endothelial cells of blood vessels, they could alter luminal volume to regulate blood pressure and tissue perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Segal
- Division of Medicine, UCL, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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Plouznikoff K, Declerck S, Calonne-Salmon M. Mitigating Abiotic Stresses in Crop Plants by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. BELOWGROUND DEFENCE STRATEGIES IN PLANTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Matrosova A, Bogireddi H, Mateo-Peñas A, Hashimoto-Sugimoto M, Iba K, Schroeder JI, Israelsson-Nordström M. The HT1 protein kinase is essential for red light-induced stomatal opening and genetically interacts with OST1 in red light and CO2 -induced stomatal movement responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:1126-37. [PMID: 26192339 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether red light-induced stomatal opening is mediated by a photosynthesis-derived reduction in intercellular [CO2 ] (Ci ) remains controversial and genetic analyses are needed. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein kinase HIGH TEMPERATURE 1 (HT1) is a negative regulator of [CO2 ]-induced stomatal closing and ht1-2 mutant plants do not show stomatal opening to low [CO2 ]. The protein kinase mutant ost1-3 exhibits slowed stomatal responses to CO2 . The functions of HT1 and OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) to changes in red, blue light or [CO2 ] were analyzed. For comparison we assayed recessive ca1ca4 carbonic anhydrase double mutant plants, based on their slowed stomatal response to CO2 . Here, we report a strong impairment in ht1 in red light-induced stomatal opening whereas blue light was able to induce stomatal opening. The effects on photosynthetic performance in ht1 were restored when stomatal limitation of CO2 uptake, by control of [Ci ], was eliminated. HT1 was found to interact genetically with OST1 both during red light- and low [CO2 ]-induced stomatal opening. Analyses of ca1ca4 plants suggest that more than a low [Ci ]-dependent pathway may function in red light-induced stomatal opening. These results demonstrate that HT1 is essential for red light-induced stomatal opening and interacts genetically with OST1 during stomatal responses to red light and altered [CO2 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Matrosova
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanumakumar Bogireddi
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Mateo-Peñas
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Koh Iba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Maria Israelsson-Nordström
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Cotelle V, Leonhardt N. 14-3-3 Proteins in Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1210. [PMID: 26858725 PMCID: PMC4729941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells located at the leaf surface delimiting pores which control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. To optimize the CO2 uptake necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss, guard cells integrate environmental signals to adjust stomatal aperture. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by movements of the guard cells driven by variations in their volume and turgor. As guard cells perceive and transduce a wide array of environmental cues, they provide an ideal system to elucidate early events of plant signaling. Reversible protein phosphorylation events are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of stomatal movements. However, in some cases, phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to achieve complete protein regulation, but is necessary to mediate the binding of interactors that modulate protein function. Among the phosphopeptide-binding proteins, the 14-3-3 proteins are the best characterized in plants. The 14-3-3s are found as multiple isoforms in eukaryotes and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about 14-3-3 roles in the regulation of their binding partners in guard cells: receptors, ion pumps, channels, protein kinases, and some of their substrates. Regulation of these targets by 14-3-3 proteins is discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSCastanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Cotelle,
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS–CEA–Université Aix-MarseilleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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30
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Cotelle V, Leonhardt N. 14-3-3 Proteins in Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26858725 DOI: 10.3389/fpis.2015.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells located at the leaf surface delimiting pores which control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. To optimize the CO2 uptake necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss, guard cells integrate environmental signals to adjust stomatal aperture. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by movements of the guard cells driven by variations in their volume and turgor. As guard cells perceive and transduce a wide array of environmental cues, they provide an ideal system to elucidate early events of plant signaling. Reversible protein phosphorylation events are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of stomatal movements. However, in some cases, phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to achieve complete protein regulation, but is necessary to mediate the binding of interactors that modulate protein function. Among the phosphopeptide-binding proteins, the 14-3-3 proteins are the best characterized in plants. The 14-3-3s are found as multiple isoforms in eukaryotes and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about 14-3-3 roles in the regulation of their binding partners in guard cells: receptors, ion pumps, channels, protein kinases, and some of their substrates. Regulation of these targets by 14-3-3 proteins is discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS-CEA-Université Aix-Marseille Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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31
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Maierhofer T, Diekmann M, Offenborn JN, Lind C, Bauer H, Hashimoto K, S. Al-Rasheid KA, Luan S, Kudla J, Geiger D, Hedrich R. Site- and kinase-specific phosphorylation-mediated activation of SLAC1, a guard cell anion channel stimulated by abscisic acid. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra86. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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McLachlan DH, Kopischke M, Robatzek S. Gate control: guard cell regulation by microbial stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1049-1063. [PMID: 25040778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants rely on stomata, small pores in the leaf surface, for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration of water. The stomata, formed by a pair of guard cells, dynamically increase and decrease their volume to control the pore size in response to environmental cues. Stresses can trigger similar or opposing movements: for example, drought induces closure of stomata, whereas many pathogens exploit stomata and cause them to open to facilitate entry into plant tissues. The latter is an active process as stomatal closure is part of the plant's immune response. Stomatal research has contributed much to clarify the signalling pathways of abiotic stress, but guard cell signalling in response to microbes is a relatively new area of research. In this article, we discuss present knowledge of stomatal regulation in response to microbes and highlight common points of convergence, and differences, compared to stomatal regulation by abiotic stresses. We also expand on the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate these processes to promote disease, for example by delivering effectors to inhibit closure or trigger opening of stomata. The study of pathogen effectors in stomatal manipulation will aid our understanding of guard cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Kollist H, Nuhkat M, Roelfsema MRG. Closing gaps: linking elements that control stomatal movement. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:44-62. [PMID: 24800691 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are an attractive experimental system in plant biology, because the responses of guard cells to environmental signals can be directly linked to changes in the aperture of stomatal pores. In this review, the mechanics of stomatal movement are discussed in relation to ion transport in guard cells. Emphasis is placed on the ion pumps, transporters, and channels in the plasma membrane, as well as in the vacuolar membrane. The biophysical properties of transport proteins for H(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and anions are discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements. Guard cell signaling pathways for ABA, CO2, ozone, microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and blue light are presented. Special attention is given to the regulation of the slow anion channel (SLAC) and SLAC homolog (SLAH)-type anion channels by the ABA signalosome. Over the last decade, several knowledge gaps in the regulation of ion transport in guard cells have been closed. The current state of knowledge is an excellent starting point for tackling important open questions concerning stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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34
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Abstract
The plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is the pump that provides the driving force for transport of numerous solutes in plant cells, and plays an essential role for the growth and maintenance of cell homeostasis. Recent investigations using guard cells with respect to blue-light-induced stomatal opening uncovered the regulatory mechanisms of the H(+)-ATPase, and revealed that the phosphorylation status of penultimate threonine in the C-terminus of H(+)-ATPase is key step for the activity regulation. The same regulatory mechanisms for the H(+)-ATPase were evidenced in hypocotyl elongation in response to ABA and auxin, suggesting that the phosphorylation of the penultimate threonine is a common regulatory mechanism for the H(+)-ATPase. We also present the data that the activity of the H(+)-ATPase limits the plant growth. Typical structure of the H(+)-ATPase in the C-terminus was acquired in the transition of plants from water to the terrestrial land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya, Japan
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35
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Laanemets K, Brandt B, Li J, Merilo E, Wang YF, Keshwani MM, Taylor SS, Kollist H, Schroeder JI. Calcium-dependent and -independent stomatal signaling network and compensatory feedback control of stomatal opening via Ca2+ sensitivity priming. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:504-13. [PMID: 23766366 PMCID: PMC3793032 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells use compensatory feedback controls to adapt to conditions that produce excessively open stomata.
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36
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Danquah A, de Zelicourt A, Colcombet J, Hirt H. The role of ABA and MAPK signaling pathways in plant abiotic stress responses. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 32:40-52. [PMID: 24091291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved pathways, the ABA (abscisic acid) signaling pathway has been identified as a central regulator of abiotic stress response in plants, triggering major changes in gene expression and adaptive physiological responses. ABA induces protein kinases of the SnRK family to mediate a number of its responses. Recently, MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) cascades have also been shown to be implicated in ABA signaling. Therefore, besides discussing the role of ABA in abiotic stress signaling, we will also summarize the evidence for a role of MAPKs in the context of abiotic stress and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agyemang Danquah
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Axel de Zelicourt
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- URGV Plant Genomics, INRA-CNRS-UEVE, Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Cremieux, 91000 Evry, France
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Mumm P, Imes D, Martinoia E, Al-Rasheid KAS, Geiger D, Marten I, Hedrich R. C-terminus-mediated voltage gating of Arabidopsis guard cell anion channel QUAC1. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:1550-63. [PMID: 23314055 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anion transporters in plants play a fundamental role in volume regulation and signaling. Currently, two plasma membrane-located anion channel families—SLAC/SLAH and ALMT—are known. Among the ALMT family, the root-expressed ALuminium-activated Malate Transporter 1 was identified by comparison of aluminum-tolerant and Al(3+)-sensitive wheat cultivars and was subsequently shown to mediate voltage-independent malate currents. In contrast, ALMT12/QUAC1 (QUickly activating Anion Channel1) is expressed in guard cells transporting malate in an Al(3+)-insensitive and highly voltage-dependent manner. So far, no information is available about the structure and mechanism of voltage-dependent gating with the QUAC1 channel protein. Here, we analyzed gating of QUAC1-type currents in the plasma membrane of guard cells and QUAC1-expressing oocytes revealing similar voltage dependencies and activation–deactivation kinetics. In the heterologous expression system, QUAC1 was electrophysiologically characterized at increasing extra- and intracellular malate concentrations. Thereby, malate additively stimulated the voltage-dependent QUAC1 activity. In search of structural determinants of the gating process, we could not identify transmembrane domains common for voltage-sensitive channels. However, site-directed mutations and deletions at the C-terminus of QUAC1 resulted in altered voltage-dependent channel activity. Interestingly, the replacement of a single glutamate residue, which is conserved in ALMT channels from different clades, by an alanine disrupted QUAC1 activity. Together with C- and N-terminal tagging, these results indicate that the cytosolic C-terminus is involved in the voltage-dependent gating mechanism of QUAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mumm
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
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Daszkowska-Golec A, Szarejko I. Open or close the gate - stomata action under the control of phytohormones in drought stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:138. [PMID: 23717320 PMCID: PMC3652521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Two highly specialized cells, the guard cells that surround the stomatal pore, are able to integrate environmental and endogenous signals in order to control the stomatal aperture and thereby the gas exchange. The uptake of CO2 is associated with a loss of water by leaves. Control of the size of the stomatal aperture optimizes the efficiency of water use through dynamic changes in the turgor of the guard cells. The opening and closing of stomata is regulated by the integration of environmental signals and endogenous hormonal stimuli. The various different factors to which the guard cells respond translates into the complexity of the network of signaling pathways that control stomatal movements. The perception of an abiotic stress triggers the activation of signal transduction cascades that interact with or are activated by phytohormones. Among these, abscisic acid (ABA), is the best-known stress hormone that closes the stomata, although other phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, or ethylene are also involved in the stomatal response to stresses. As a part of the drought response, ABA may interact with jasmonic acid and nitric oxide in order to stimulate stomatal closure. In addition, the regulation of gene expression in response to ABA involves genes that are related to ethylene, cytokinins, and auxin signaling. In this paper, recent findings on phytohormone crosstalk, changes in signaling pathways including the expression of specific genes and their impact on modulating stress response through the closing or opening of stomata, together with the highlights of gaps that need to be elucidated in the signaling network of stomatal regulation, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of SilesiaKatowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of SilesiaKatowice, Poland
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Abstract
Since the first recordings of single potassium channel activities in the plasma membrane of guard cells more than 25 years ago, patch-clamp studies discovered a variety of ion channels in all cell types and plant species under inspection. Their properties differed in a cell type- and cell membrane-dependent manner. Guard cells, for which the existence of plant potassium channels was initially documented, advanced to a versatile model system for studying plant ion channel structure, function, and physiology. Interestingly, one of the first identified potassium-channel genes encoding the Shaker-type channel KAT1 was shown to be highly expressed in guard cells. KAT1-type channels from Arabidopsis thaliana and its homologs from other species were found to encode the K+-selective inward rectifiers that had already been recorded in early patch-clamp studies with guard cells. Within the genome era, additional Arabidopsis Shaker-type channels appeared. All nine members of the Arabidopsis Shaker family are localized at the plasma membrane, where they either operate as inward rectifiers, outward rectifiers, weak voltage-dependent channels, or electrically silent, but modulatory subunits. The vacuole membrane, in contrast, harbors a set of two-pore K+ channels. Just very recently, two plant anion channel families of the SLAC/SLAH and ALMT/QUAC type were identified. SLAC1/SLAH3 and QUAC1 are expressed in guard cells and mediate Slow- and Rapid-type anion currents, respectively, that are involved in volume and turgor regulation. Anion channels in guard cells and other plant cells are key targets within often complex signaling networks. Here, the present knowledge is reviewed for the plant ion channel biology. Special emphasis is drawn to the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation, in the context of model systems and in the light of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Wuerzburg, Germany; and King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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40
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Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R, Geiger D. Anion channels: master switches of stress responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:221-9. [PMID: 22381565 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During stress, plant cells activate anion channels and trigger the release of anions across the plasma membrane. Recently, two new gene families have been identified that encode major groups of anion channels. The SLAC/SLAH channels are characterized by slow voltage-dependent activation (S-type), whereas ALMT genes encode rapid-activating channels (R-type). Both S- and R-type channels are stimulated in guard cells by the stress hormone ABA, which leads to stomatal closure. Besides their role in ABA-dependent stomatal movement, anion channels are also activated by biotic stress factors such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Given that anion channels occur throughout the plant kingdom, they are likely to serve a general function as master switches of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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41
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Joshi-Saha A, Valon C, Leung J. A Brand New START: Abscisic Acid Perception and Transduction in the Guard Cell. Sci Signal 2011; 4:re4. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Koers S, Guzel-Deger A, Marten I, Roelfsema MRG. Barley mildew and its elicitor chitosan promote closed stomata by stimulating guard-cell S-type anion channels. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 68:670-80. [PMID: 21781196 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal closure is known to be associated with early defence responses of plant cells triggered by microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these guard-cell responses have not yet been elucidated. We therefore studied pathogen-induced changes in ion channel activity in Hordeum vulgare guard cells. Barley mildew (Blumeria graminis) hyphae growing on leaves inhibited light-induced stomatal opening, starting at 9 h after inoculation, when appressoria had developed. Alternatively, stomatal closure was induced by nano-infusion of chitosan via open stomata into the sub-stomatal cavity. Experiments using intracellular double-barreled micro-electrodes revealed that mildew stimulated S-type (slow) anion channels in guard cells. These channels enable the efflux of anions from guard cells and also promote K(+) extrusion by altering the plasma membrane potential. Stimulation of S-type anion channels was also provoked by nano-infusion of chitosan. These data suggest that MAMPs of mildew hyphae penetrating the cuticle provoke activation of S-type anion channels in guard cells. In response, guard cells extrude K(+) salts, resulting in stomatal closure. Plasma membrane anion channels probably represent general targets of MAMP signaling in plants, as these elicitors depolarize the plasma membrane of various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Koers
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Plant anion channels allow the efflux of anions from cells. They are involved in turgor pressure control, changes in membrane potential, organic acid excretion, tolerance to salinity and inorganic anion nutrition. The recent molecular identification of anion channel genes in guard cells and in roots allows a better understanding of their function and of the mechanisms that control their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Zhang W. Roles of heterotrimeric G proteins in guard cell ion channel regulation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:986-90. [PMID: 21617376 PMCID: PMC3257774 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.7.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are formed by pairs of surrounding guard cells and perform important roles in photosynthesis, transpiration and innate immunity of terrestrial plants. Ionic solutes in the cytosol of guard cells are important for cell turgor and volume change. Consequently, transmembrane flux of ions such as K+, Cl-, and malate2- through K+ channels and anion channels of guard cells are a direct driving force for turgor change, while the opening of calcium permeable channels can serve as a trigger of cytosolic free calcium concentration elevations or oscillations, which play second messenger roles. In plants, heterotrimeric G proteins have fewer members than in animals, but they are well investigated and found to regulate these channels and to play fundamental roles in guard cell function. This mini-review focuses on the recent understanding of G-protein regulation of ion channels on the plasma membrane of guard cells and their participation in stomatal movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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45
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Zhang W, Jeon BW, Assmann SM. Heterotrimeric G-protein regulation of ROS signalling and calcium currents in Arabidopsis guard cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2371-9. [PMID: 21262908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits are important signalling agents in both animals and plants. In plants, G proteins modulate numerous responses, including abscisic acid (ABA) and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) regulation of guard cell ion channels and stomatal apertures. Previous analyses of mutants deficient in the sole canonical Arabidopsis Gα subunit, GPA1, have shown that Gα-deficient guard cells are impaired in ABA inhibition of K(+) influx channels, and in pH-independent activation of anion efflux channels. ABA-induced Ca(2+) uptake through ROS-activated Ca(2+)-permeable channels in the plasma membrane is another key component of ABA signal transduction in guard cells, but the question of whether these channels are also dependent on Gα for their ABA response has not been evaluated previously. We used two independent Arabidopsis T-DNA null mutant lines, gpa1-3 and gpa1-4, to investigate this issue. We observed that gpa1 mutants are disrupted both in ABA-induced Ca(2+)-channel activation, and in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to ABA. However, in response to exogenous H(2)O(2) application, I(Ca) channels are activated normally in gpa1 guard cells. In addition, H(2)O(2) inhibition of stomatal opening and promotion of stomatal closure are not disrupted in gpa1 mutant guard cells. These data indicate that absence of GPA1 interrupts ABA signalling between ABA reception and ROS production, with a consequent impairment in Ca(2+)-channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Biology Department, Penn State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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46
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Tavares B, Domingos P, Dias PN, Feijó JA, Bicho A. The essential role of anionic transport in plant cells: the pollen tube as a case study. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:2273-2298. [PMID: 21511914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane anion transporters play fundamental roles in plant cell biology, especially in stomatal closure and nutrition. Notwithstanding, a lot is still unknown about the specific function of these transporters, their specific localization, or molecular nature. Here the fundamental roles of anionic transport in plant cells are reviewed. Special attention will be paid to them in the control of pollen tube growth. Pollen tubes are extreme examples of cellular polarity as they grow exclusively in their apical extremity. Their unique cell biology has been extensively exploited for fundamental understanding of cellular growth and morphogenesis. Non-invasive methods have demonstrated that tube growth is governed by different ion fluxes, with different properties and distribution. Not much is known about the nature of the membrane transporters responsible for anionic transport and their regulation in the pollen tube. Recent data indicate the importance of chloride (Cl(-)) transfer across the plasma membrane for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. A general overview is presented of the well-known accumulated data in terms of biophysical and functional characterization, transcriptomics, and genomic description of pollen ionic transport, and the various controversies around the role of anionic fluxes during pollen tube germination, growth, and development. It is concluded that, like all other plant cells so far analysed, pollen tubes depend on anion fluxes for a number of fundamental homeostatic properties.
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47
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Central functions of bicarbonate in S-type anion channel activation and OST1 protein kinase in CO2 signal transduction in guard cell. EMBO J 2011; 30:1645-58. [PMID: 21423149 PMCID: PMC3102275 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to elevated CO(2) via carbonic anhydrases that mediate stomatal closing, but little is known about the early signalling mechanisms following the initial CO(2) response. It remains unclear whether CO(2), HCO(3)(-) or a combination activates downstream signalling. Here, we demonstrate that bicarbonate functions as a small-molecule activator of SLAC1 anion channels in guard cells. Elevated intracellular [HCO(3)(-)](i) with low [CO(2)] and [H(+)] activated S-type anion currents, whereas low [HCO(3)(-)](i) at high [CO(2)] and [H(+)] did not. Bicarbonate enhanced the intracellular Ca(2+) sensitivity of S-type anion channel activation in wild-type and ht1-2 kinase mutant guard cells. ht1-2 mutant guard cells exhibited enhanced bicarbonate sensitivity of S-type anion channel activation. The OST1 protein kinase has been reported not to affect CO(2) signalling. Unexpectedly, OST1 loss-of-function alleles showed strongly impaired CO(2)-induced stomatal closing and HCO(3)(-) activation of anion channels. Moreover, PYR/RCAR abscisic acid (ABA) receptor mutants slowed but did not abolish CO(2)/HCO(3)(-) signalling, redefining the convergence point of CO(2) and ABA signalling. A new working model of the sequence of CO(2) signalling events in gas exchange regulation is presented.
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48
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Barbier-Brygoo H, De Angeli A, Filleur S, Frachisse JM, Gambale F, Thomine S, Wege S. Anion channels/transporters in plants: from molecular bases to regulatory networks. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 62:25-51. [PMID: 21275645 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anion channels/transporters are key to a wide spectrum of physiological functions in plants, such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, plant nutrition and compartmentalization of metabolites, and metal tolerance. The recent identification of gene families encoding some of these transport systems opened the way for gene expression studies, structure-function analyses of the corresponding proteins, and functional genomics approaches toward further understanding of their integrated roles in planta. This review, based on a few selected examples, illustrates that the members of a given gene family exhibit a diversity of substrate specificity, regulation, and intracellular localization, and are involved in a wide range of physiological functions. It also shows that post-translational modifications of transport proteins play a key role in the regulation of anion transport activity. Key questions arising from the increasing complexity of networks controlling anion transport in plant cells (the existence of redundancy, cross talk, and coordination between various pathways and compartments) are also addressed.
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49
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Kadono T, Tran D, Errakhi R, Hiramatsu T, Meimoun P, Briand J, Iwaya-Inoue M, Kawano T, Bouteau F. Increased anion channel activity is an unavoidable event in ozone-induced programmed cell death. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13373. [PMID: 20967217 PMCID: PMC2954175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone is a major secondary air pollutant often reaching high concentrations in urban areas under strong daylight, high temperature and stagnant high-pressure systems. Ozone in the troposphere is a pollutant that is harmful to the plant. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS By exposing cells to a strong pulse of ozonized air, an acute cell death was observed in suspension cells of Arabidopsis thaliana used as a model. We demonstrated that O(3) treatment induced the activation of a plasma membrane anion channel that is an early prerequisite of O(3)-induced cell death in A. thaliana. Our data further suggest interplay of anion channel activation with well known plant responses to O(3), Ca(2+) influx and NADPH-oxidase generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating the oxidative cell death. This interplay might be fuelled by several mechanisms in addition to the direct ROS generation by O(3); namely, H(2)O(2) generation by salicylic and abscisic acids. Anion channel activation was also shown to promote the accumulation of transcripts encoding vacuolar processing enzymes, a family of proteases previously reported to contribute to the disruption of vacuole integrity observed during programmed cell death. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our data indicate that anion efflux is an early key component of morphological and biochemical events leading to O(3)-induced programmed cell death. Because ion channels and more specifically anion channels assume a crucial position in cells, an understanding about the underlying role(s) for ion channels in the signalling pathway leading to programmed cell death is a subject that warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kadono
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Daniel Tran
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Rafik Errakhi
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Takuya Hiramatsu
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu
1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Joël Briand
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
| | - Mari Iwaya-Inoue
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawano
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu
1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - François Bouteau
- Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes,
Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Institut de Biologie des Plantes,
Bât 630, Orsay, France
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu
1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
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50
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Meyer S, Mumm P, Imes D, Endler A, Weder B, Al-Rasheid KAS, Geiger D, Marten I, Martinoia E, Hedrich R. AtALMT12 represents an R-type anion channel required for stomatal movement in Arabidopsis guard cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 63:1054-62. [PMID: 20626656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal pores formed by a pair of guard cells in the leaf epidermis control gas exchange and transpirational water loss. Stomatal closure is mediated by the release of potassium and anions from guard cells. Anion efflux from guard cells involves slow (S-type) and rapid (R-type) anion channels. Recently the SLAC1 gene has been shown to encode the slow, voltage-independent anion channel component in guard cells. In contrast, the R-type channel still awaits identification. Here, we show that AtALMT12, a member of the aluminum activated malate transporter family in Arabidopsis, represents a guard cell R-type anion channel. AtALMT12 is highly expressed in guard cells and is targeted to the plasma membrane. Plants lacking AtALMT12 are impaired in dark- and CO₂ -induced stomatal closure, as well as in response to the drought-stress hormone abscisic acid. Patch-clamp studies on guard cell protoplasts isolated from atalmt12 mutants revealed reduced R-type currents compared with wild-type plants when malate is present in the bath media. Following expression of AtALMT12 in Xenopus oocytes, voltage-dependent anion currents reminiscent to R-type channels could be activated. In line with the features of the R-type channel, the activity of heterologously expressed AtALMT12 depends on extracellular malate. Thereby this key metabolite and osmolite of guard cells shifts the threshold for voltage activation of AtALMT12 towards more hyperpolarized potentials. R-Type channels, like voltage-dependent cation channels in nerve cells, are capable of transiently depolarizing guard cells, and thus could trigger membrane potential oscillations, action potentials and initiate long-term anion and K(+) efflux via SLAC1 and GORK, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Meyer
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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