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Terletskaya NV, Shadenova EA, Litvinenko YA, Ashimuly K, Erbay M, Mamirova A, Nazarova I, Meduntseva ND, Kudrina NO, Korbozova NK, Djangalina ED. Influence of Cold Stress on Physiological and Phytochemical Characteristics and Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Microclones of Juglans regia L. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4991. [PMID: 38732208 PMCID: PMC11084536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the impact of cold stress on the morphological, physiological, and phytochemical properties of Juglans regia L. (J. regia) using in vitro microclone cultures. The study revealed significant stress-induced changes in the production of secondary antioxidant metabolites. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, the stress conditions profoundly altered the metabolism of J. regia microclones. Although the overall spectrum of metabolites was reduced, the production of key secondary antioxidant metabolites significantly increased. Notably, there was a sevenfold (7×) increase in juglone concentration. These findings are crucial for advancing walnut metabolomics and enhancing our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stress factors. Additionally, study results aid in identifying the role of individual metabolites in these processes, which is essential for developing strategies to improve plant resilience and tolerance to adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Elvira A. Shadenova
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Yuliya A. Litvinenko
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Kazhybek Ashimuly
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Malika Erbay
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
| | - Irada Nazarova
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nataliya D. Meduntseva
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Nataliya O. Kudrina
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Nazym K. Korbozova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (M.E.); (A.M.); (N.O.K.); (N.K.K.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Erika D. Djangalina
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (E.A.S.); (Y.A.L.); (K.A.); (N.D.M.)
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Terletskaya NV, Mamirova A, Ashimuly K, Vibe YP, Krekova YA. Anatomical and Metabolome Features of Haloxylon aphyllum and Haloxylon persicum Elucidate the Resilience against Gall-Forming Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4738. [PMID: 38731957 PMCID: PMC11084765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, gall-forming insects significantly contribute to the degradation of desert ecosystems. Recent studies have demonstrated that Haloxylon persicum suffers less damage from gall-formers compared to Haloxylon aphyllum. However, the mechanisms driving the long-term metabolic responses of these species to gall-forming biotic stress in their natural environment remain unclear. The current study comparatively analyzes the anatomical features and metabolomic changes in H. aphyllum and H. persicum damaged by gall-forming insects. This research aimed to uncover potential metabolic tolerance mechanisms through GC-MS analysis. The study findings indicate that gall-forming insects cause a reduction in nearly all the anatomical structures of Haloxylon shoots, with the effects being less severe in H. persicum than in H. aphyllum. Thus, the metabolic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of biologically active substances that enhance resistance to gall inducers were different, specifically in H. aphyllum-the biosynthesis of fatty acids (+their derivatives) and γ-tocopherol (vitamin E) and H. persicum-the biosynthesis of fatty acids (+their derivatives), dialkyl ethers, carbohydrates (+their derivatives), aromatic acid derivatives, phytosterols, γ-tocopherol (vitamin E), phenols, and terpenoids. The results suggest that the modulation of metabolic pathways under biotic stress plays a crucial role in the enhanced survival and growth of H. persicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Kazhybek Ashimuly
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Yekaterina P. Vibe
- A.N. Bukeikhan Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry, Kirov 58, Shchuchinsk 021704, Kazakhstan; (Y.P.V.); (Y.A.K.)
| | - Yana A. Krekova
- A.N. Bukeikhan Kazakh Research Institute of Forestry and Agroforestry, Kirov 58, Shchuchinsk 021704, Kazakhstan; (Y.P.V.); (Y.A.K.)
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Cheng SY, Chu PK, Chen YJ, Wu YH, Huang MD. Exploring the extensin gene family: an updated genome-wide survey in plants and algae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:152-167. [PMID: 37769205 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensins (EXTs), a class of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein with multiple Ser-Pro3-5 motifs, are known to play roles in cell wall reinforcement and environmental responses. EXTs with repetitive Tyr-X-Tyr (YXY) motifs for crosslinking are referred as crosslinking EXTs. Our comprehensive study spanned 194 algal and plant species, categorizing EXTs into seven subfamilies: classical extensins (EXT I and II), arabinogalactan-protein extensins (AGP-EXTs), proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs), leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRX I and II), formin homology (FH) domain-containing extensins (FH-EXTs), proline-rich, arabinogalactan proteins, conserved cysteines (PAC) domain-containing extensins (PAC I and II), and eight-cysteine motif (8CM)-containing extensins (8CM-EXTs). In the examined dataset, EXTs were detected ubiquitously in plants but infrequently in algae, except for one Coccomyxa and four Chlamydomonadales species. No crosslinking EXTs were found in Poales or certain Zingiberales species. Notably, the previously uncharacterized EXT II, PAC II, and liverwort-specific 8CM-EXTs were found to be crosslinking EXTs. EXT II, featuring repetitive YY motifs instead of the conventional YXY motif, was exclusively identified in Solanaceae. Furthermore, tandem genes encoding distinctive 8CM-EXTs specifically expressed in the germinating spores of Marchantia polymorpha. This updated classification of EXT types allows us to propose a plausible evolutionary history of EXT genes during the course of plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Kuan Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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Xu J, Du H, Shi H, Song J, Yu J, Zhou Y. Protein O-glycosylation regulates diverse developmental and defense processes in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6119-6130. [PMID: 37220091 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications affect protein functions and play key roles in controlling biological processes. Plants have unique types of O-glycosylation that are different from those of animals and prokaryotes, and they play roles in modulating the functions of secretory proteins and nucleocytoplasmic proteins by regulating transcription and mediating localization and degradation. O-glycosylation is complex because of the dozens of different O-glycan types, the widespread existence of hydroxyproline (Hyp), serine (Ser), and threonine (Thr) residues in proteins attached by O-glycans, and the variable modes of linkages connecting the sugars. O-glycosylation specifically affects development and environmental acclimatization by affecting diverse physiological processes. This review describes recent studies on the detection and functioning of protein O-glycosylation in plants, and provides a framework for the O-glycosylation network that underlies plant development and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Du
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Huanran Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
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Jiang Y, Ding P. Calcium signaling in plant immunity: a spatiotemporally controlled symphony. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:74-89. [PMID: 36504136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have emphasized the crucial roles of Ca2+ in plant immunity. Here, we review the latest progress on the spatiotemporal control of Ca2+ function in plant immunity. We discuss discoveries of how Ca2+ influx is triggered upon the activation of immune receptors, how Ca2+-permeable channels are activated, how Ca2+ signals are decoded inside plant cells, and how these signals are switched off. Despite recent advances, many open questions remain and we highlight the existing toolkit and the new technologies to address the outstanding questions of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Pingtao Ding
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333, BE, The Netherlands.
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Ren W, Zhao L, Liang J, Wang L, Chen L, Li P, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang Z, Li J, He K, Zhao Z, Ali F, Mi G, Yan J, Zhang F, Chen F, Yuan L, Pan Q. Genome-wide dissection of changes in maize root system architecture during modern breeding. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1408-1422. [PMID: 36396706 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate root system architecture (RSA) can improve maize yields in densely planted fields, but little is known about its genetic basis in maize. Here we performed root phenotyping of 14,301 field-grown plants from an association mapping panel to study the genetic architecture of maize RSA. A genome-wide association study identified 81 high-confidence RSA-associated candidate genes and revealed that 28 (24.3%) of known root-related genes were selected during maize domestication and improvement. We found that modern maize breeding has selected for a steeply angled root system. Favourable alleles related to steep root system angle have continuously accumulated over the course of modern breeding, and our data pinpoint the root-related genes that have been selected in different breeding eras. We confirm that two auxin-related genes, ZmRSA3.1 and ZmRSA3.2, contribute to the regulation of root angle and depth in maize. Our genome-wide identification of RSA-associated genes provides new strategies and genetic resources for breeding maize suitable for high-density planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Longfei Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieping Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunhui He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Farhan Ali
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingchun Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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Ma Z, Zhu K, Gao Y, Tan S, Miao Y. Molecular condensation and mechanoregulation of plant class I formin, an integrin‐like actin nucleator. FEBS J 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Kexin Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yong‐Gui Gao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Suet‐Mien Tan
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore City Singapore
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Lara-Mondragón CM, Dorchak A, MacAlister CA. O-glycosylation of the extracellular domain of pollen class I formins modulates their plasma membrane mobility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3929-3945. [PMID: 35383367 PMCID: PMC9232206 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, linkage between the cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and cell wall is crucial for maintaining cell shape. In highly polarized pollen tubes, this coordination is especially important to allow rapid tip growth and successful fertilization. Class I formins contain cytoplasmic actin-nucleating formin homology domains as well as a proline-rich extracellular domain and are candidate coordination factors. Here, using Arabidopsis, we investigated the functional significance of the extracellular domain of two pollen-expressed class I formins: AtFH3, which does not have a polar localization, and AtFH5, which is limited to the growing tip region. We show that the extracellular domain of both is necessary for their function, and identify distinct O-glycans attached to these sequences, AtFH5 being hydroxyproline-arabinosylated and AtFH3 carrying arabinogalactan chains. Loss of hydroxyproline arabinosylation altered the plasma membrane localization of AtFH5 and disrupted actin cytoskeleton organization. Moreover, we show that O-glycans differentially affect lateral mobility in the plasma membrane. Together, our results support a model of protein sub-functionalization in which AtFH5 and AtFH3, restricted to specific plasma membrane domains by their extracellular domains and the glycans attached to them, organize distinct subarrays of actin during pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Lara-Mondragón
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandria Dorchak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ma Z, Sun Y, Zhu X, Yang L, Chen X, Miao Y. Membrane nanodomains modulate formin condensation for actin remodeling in Arabidopsis innate immune responses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:374-394. [PMID: 34726756 PMCID: PMC8774048 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of macromolecules on the plasma membrane concentrates cell surface biomolecules into nanometer- to micrometer-scale clusters (nano- or microdomains) that help the cell initiate or respond to signals. In plant-microbe interactions, the actin cytoskeleton undergoes rapid remodeling during pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). The nanoclustering of formin-actin nucleator proteins at the cell surface has been identified as underlying actin nucleation during plant innate immune responses. Here, we show that the condensation of nanodomain constituents and the self-assembly of remorin proteins enables this mechanism of controlling formin condensation and activity during innate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through intrinsically disordered region-mediated remorin oligomerization and formin interaction, remorin gradually recruits and condenses formins upon PTI activation in lipid bilayers, consequently increasing actin nucleation in a time-dependent manner postinfection. Such nanodomain- and remorin-mediated regulation of plant surface biomolecules is expected to be a general feature of plant innate immune responses that creates spatially separated biochemical compartments and fine tunes membrane physicochemical properties for transduction of immune signals in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yanbiao Sun
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinlu Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Bar-Sinai S, Belausov E, Dwivedi V, Sadot E. Collisions of Cortical Microtubules with Membrane Associated Myosin VIII Tail. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010145. [PMID: 35011707 PMCID: PMC8750215 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of myosin VIII ATM1 tail in association with the plasma membrane is often observed in coordination with that of cortical microtubules (MTs). The prevailing hypothesis is that coordination between the organization of cortical MTs and proteins in the membrane results from the inhibition of free lateral diffusion of the proteins by barriers formed by MTs. Since the positioning of myosin VIII tail in the membrane is relatively stable, we ask: can it affect the organization of MTs? Myosin VIII ATM1 tail co-localized with remorin 6.6, the position of which in the plasma membrane is also relatively stable. Overexpression of myosin VIII ATM1 tail led to a larger fraction of MTs with a lower rate of orientation dispersion. In addition, collisions between MTs and cortical structures labeled by ATM1 tail or remorin 6.6 were observed. Collisions between EB1 labeled MTs and ATM1 tail clusters led to four possible outcomes: 1—Passage of MTs through the cluster; 2—Decreased elongation rate; 3—Disengagement from the membrane followed by a change in direction; and 4—retraction. EB1 tracks became straighter in the presence of ATM1 tail. Taken together, collisions of MTs with ATM1 tail labeled structures can contribute to their coordinated organization.
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Shevchenko GV, Krutovsky KV. Mechanical stress effects on transcriptional regulation of genes encoding microtubule- and actin-associated proteins. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:17-30. [PMID: 35210715 PMCID: PMC8847523 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytoskeleton regulation has been studied using a new approach based on both (1) pharmacological analysis of tubulin and actin inhibitors and (2) mechanical stimulation achieved by using a slow-rotating (2 rpm) clinostat in combination with transcriptional analysis of genes encoding TUA6, ACT2, MAP65-1, CLASP, PLDδ, FH4 and FH1 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots. The obtained data suggest feedback between the organization of microtubule (MT) and actin filament (AF) networks and the expression of the ACT2, TUA6, MAP65-1, CLASP and FH1/FH4 genes. Different regulation of feedback between MT/AF organization and TUA6, ACT2, MAP65-1, CLASP, FH4 and FH1 gene expression was noted during slow clinorotation, possibly due to altered mechanical impact on the cortical cytoskeleton. For the first time, the expression of the tubulin-associated gene MAP65-1 was shown to be dependent upon the organization of AFs. TUA6, MAP65-1, CLASP, FH1 and FH4 likely participate in mechanical signal transduction. Our work demonstrated that slow clinorotation is able to cause mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Shevchenko
- Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01004 Ukraine
| | - Konstantin V. Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Scientific and Methodological Center, G. F. Morozov Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies, 394087 Voronezh, Russian Federation
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12
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McKenna JF. Quantifying the Organization and Dynamics of the Plant Plasma Membrane Across Scales Using Light Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2457:233-251. [PMID: 35349144 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2132-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell surface continuum is composed of the cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton. Plasmodesmata are specialized channels in the cell wall allowing intercellular communication and resource distribution. Proteins within these organelles play fundamental roles in development, perception of the external environment, and resource acquisition. Therefore, an understanding of protein dynamics and organization within the membrane and plasmodesmata is of fundamental importance to understanding both how plants develop as well as perceive the myriad of external stimuli they experience and initiate appropriate downstream responses. In this chapter, I will describe protocols for quantifying the dynamics and organization of the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata proteins across scales. The protocols described below allow researchers to determine bulk protein mobility within the membrane using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), imaging, and quantification of nanodomain size (with Airyscan confocal microscopy) and determining the dynamics of these nanodomains at the single particle level using total internal reflection (TIRF) single particle imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F McKenna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- Oxford Brookes University, Gypsy Lane, UK.
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13
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OsFH3 Encodes a Type II Formin Required for Rice Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413250. [PMID: 34948047 PMCID: PMC8706662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for plant morphogenesis, and organization of actin filaments (AF) is dynamically regulated by actin-binding proteins. However, the roles of actin-binding proteins, particularly type II formins, in this process remain poorly understood in plants. Here, we report that a type II formin in rice, Oryza sativa formin homolog 3 (OsFH3), acts as a major player to modulate AF dynamics and contributes to rice morphogenesis. osfh3 mutants were semi-dwarf with reduced size of seeds and unchanged responses to light or gravity compared with mutants of osfh5, another type II formin in rice. osfh3 osfh5 mutants were dwarf with more severe developmental defectiveness. Recombinant OsFH3 could nucleate actin, promote AF bundling, and cap the barbed end of AF to prevent elongation and depolymerization, but in the absence of profilin, OsFH3 could inhibit AF elongation. Different from other reported type II formins, OsFH3 could bind, but not bundle, microtubules directly. Furthermore, its N-terminal phosphatase and tensin homolog domain played a key role in modulating OsFH3 localization at intersections of AF and punctate structures of microtubules, which differed from other reported plant formins. Our results, thus, provide insights into the biological function of type II formins in modulating plant morphology by acting on AF dynamics.
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14
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Martinière A, Zelazny E. Membrane nanodomains and transport functions in plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1839-1855. [PMID: 35235669 PMCID: PMC8644385 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Far from a homogeneous environment, biological membranes are highly structured with lipids and proteins segregating in domains of different sizes and dwell times. In addition, membranes are highly dynamics especially in response to environmental stimuli. Understanding the impact of the nanoscale organization of membranes on cellular functions is an outstanding question. Plant channels and transporters are tightly regulated to ensure proper cell nutrition and signaling. Increasing evidence indicates that channel and transporter nano-organization within membranes plays an important role in these regulation mechanisms. Here, we review recent advances in the field of ion, water, but also hormone transport in plants, focusing on protein organization within plasma membrane nanodomains and its cellular and physiological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enric Zelazny
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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15
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Barrera-Velázquez M, Ríos-Barrera LD. Crosstalk between basal extracellular matrix adhesion and building of apical architecture during morphogenesis. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058760. [PMID: 34842274 PMCID: PMC8649640 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues build complex structures like lumens and microvilli to carry out their functions. Most of the mechanisms used to build these structures rely on cells remodelling their apical plasma membranes, which ultimately constitute the specialised compartments. In addition to apical remodelling, these shape changes also depend on the proper attachment of the basal plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides cues to establish apicobasal polarity, and it also transduces forces that allow apical remodelling. However, physical crosstalk mechanisms between basal ECM attachment and the apical plasma membrane remain understudied, and the ones described so far are very diverse, which highlights the importance of identifying the general principles. Here, we review apicobasal crosstalk of two well-established models of membrane remodelling taking place during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis: amnioserosa cell shape oscillations during dorsal closure and subcellular tube formation in tracheal cells. We discuss how anchoring to the basal ECM affects apical architecture and the mechanisms that mediate these interactions. We analyse this knowledge under the scope of other morphogenetic processes and discuss what aspects of apicobasal crosstalk may represent widespread phenomena and which ones are used to build subsets of specialised compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barrera-Velázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Undergraduate Program on Genomic Sciences, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Ríos-Barrera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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16
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Qin L, Liu L, Tu J, Yang G, Wang S, Quilichini TD, Gao P, Wang H, Peng G, Blancaflor EB, Datla R, Xiang D, Wilson KE, Wei Y. The ARP2/3 complex, acting cooperatively with Class I formins, modulates penetration resistance in Arabidopsis against powdery mildew invasion. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3151-3175. [PMID: 34181022 PMCID: PMC8462814 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton regulates an array of diverse cellular activities that support the establishment of plant-microbe interactions and plays a critical role in the execution of plant immunity. However, molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the assembly and rearrangement of actin filaments (AFs) at plant-pathogen interaction sites remain largely elusive. Here, using live-cell imaging, we show that one of the earliest cellular responses in Arabidopsis thaliana upon powdery mildew attack is the formation of patch-like AF structures beneath fungal invasion sites. The AFs constituting actin patches undergo rapid turnover, which is regulated by the actin-related protein (ARP)2/3 complex and its activator, the WAVE/SCAR regulatory complex (W/SRC). The focal accumulation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate at fungal penetration sites appears to be a crucial upstream modulator of the W/SRC-ARP2/3 pathway-mediated actin patch formation. Knockout of W/SRC-ARP2/3 pathway subunits partially compromised penetration resistance with impaired endocytic recycling of the defense-associated t-SNARE protein PEN1 and its deposition into apoplastic papillae. Simultaneously knocking out ARP3 and knocking down the Class I formin (AtFH1) abolished actin patch formation, severely impaired the deposition of cell wall appositions, and promoted powdery mildew entry into host cells. Our results demonstrate that the ARP2/3 complex and formins, two actin-nucleating systems, act cooperatively and contribute to Arabidopsis penetration resistance to fungal invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Lijiang Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jiangying Tu
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Guogen Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | | | - Peng Gao
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Gary Peng
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
| | | | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Daoquan Xiang
- National Research Council Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W9, Canada
| | - Kenneth E. Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
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17
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Ali MF, Kawashima T. Formins control dynamics of F-actin in the central cell of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1920192. [PMID: 33944667 PMCID: PMC8244771 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1920192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the female gamete of flowering plants, sperm nuclear migration is controlled by a constant inward movement of actin filaments (F-actin) for successful fertilization. This dynamic F-actin movement is ARP2/3-independent, raising the question of how actin nucleation and polymerization is controlled in the female gamete. Using confocal microscopy live-cell imaging in combination with a pharmacological approach, we assessed the involvement of another group of actin nucleators, formins, in F-actin inward movement in the central cell of Arabidopsis thaliana. We identify that the inhibition of the formin function, by formin inhibitor SMIFH2, significantly reduced the dynamic inward movement of F-actin in the central cell, indicating that formins play a major role in actin nucleation required for F-actin inward movement in the central cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Foteh Ali
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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18
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Sun H, Zhu X, Li C, Ma Z, Han X, Luo Y, Yang L, Yu J, Miao Y. Xanthomonas effector XopR hijacks host actin cytoskeleton via complex coacervation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4064. [PMID: 34210966 PMCID: PMC8249405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) is a preserved signature of phytobacterial type III effectors (T3Es). The T3E IDR is thought to mediate unfolding during translocation into the host cell and to avoid host defense by sequence diversification. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism of host subversion via the T3E IDR. We report that the Xanthomonas campestris T3E XopR undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) via multivalent IDR-mediated interactions that hijack the Arabidopsis actin cytoskeleton. XopR is gradually translocated into host cells during infection and forms a macromolecular complex with actin-binding proteins at the cell cortex. By tuning the physical-chemical properties of XopR-complex coacervates, XopR progressively manipulates multiple steps of actin assembly, including formin-mediated nucleation, crosslinking of F-actin, and actin depolymerization, which occurs through competition for actin-depolymerizing factor and depends on constituent stoichiometry. Our findings unravel a sophisticated strategy in which bacterial T3E subverts the host actin cytoskeleton via protein complex coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinlu Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuanxi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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19
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Terletskaya NV, Korbozova NK, Kudrina NO, Kobylina TN, Kurmanbayeva MS, Meduntseva ND, Tolstikova TG. The Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Morphophysiological and Phytochemical Aspects of the Acclimation of the Plant Rhodiola semenowii Boriss. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1196. [PMID: 34208395 PMCID: PMC8231149 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants of the Crassulaceae family are natural accumulators of many medicinal secondary metabolites (SM). This article describes the study of morphophysiological, anatomic and phytochemical responses of immature plants of Rhodiolla semenovii under water deficit and (or) cold-stress conditions. Changes in biomass production due to water content in plant tissues such as a decrease in water deficit and an increase in cold stress were revealed. A significant decrease in the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions was noted, based on the parameters quantum efficiency of Photosystem II and electron transport rate and energy dissipated in Photosystem II. The greatest decrease in efficiency was pointed out in conditions of water shortage. The anatomical modulations of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress conditions were found. For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of the ethanol extract of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The qualitative and quantitative composition of SM associated with acclimation to the effects of abiotic stresses was determined. Both nonspecific and specific phytochemical changes caused by the action of water deficiency and cold treatment were identified. It has been shown that the antioxidant system in plant tissues is complex, multicomponent, depending on a number of natural and climatic factors. Further research should be focused on the use of abiotic stressors for the targeted synthesis of bioactive SMs valuable for pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Terletskaya
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (M.S.K.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Nazym K. Korbozova
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (M.S.K.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Nataliya O. Kudrina
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (M.S.K.); (N.D.M.)
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Tatyana N. Kobylina
- Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi av., 93, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Meruert S. Kurmanbayeva
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (M.S.K.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Nataliya D. Meduntseva
- Department of Biodiversity and Biological Resources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi av., 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (N.K.K.); (M.S.K.); (N.D.M.)
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 630090 Siberia, Russia;
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20
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Zhang L, Smertenko T, Fahy D, Koteyeva N, Moroz N, Kuchařová A, Novák D, Manoilov E, Smertenko P, Galva C, Šamaj J, Kostyukova AS, Sedbrook JC, Smertenko A. Analysis of formin functions during cytokinesis using specific inhibitor SMIFH2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:945-963. [PMID: 33620500 PMCID: PMC8195507 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phragmoplast separates daughter cells during cytokinesis by constructing the cell plate, which depends on interaction between cytoskeleton and membrane compartments. Proteins responsible for these interactions remain unknown, but formins can link cytoskeleton with membranes and several members of formin protein family localize to the cell plate. Progress in functional characterization of formins in cytokinesis is hindered by functional redundancies within the large formin gene family. We addressed this limitation by employing Small Molecular Inhibitor of Formin Homology 2 (SMIFH2), a small-molecule inhibitor of formins. Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) tissue culture cells with SMIFH2 perturbed localization of actin at the cell plate; slowed down both microtubule polymerization and phragmoplast expansion; diminished association of dynamin-related proteins with the cell plate independently of actin and microtubules; and caused cell plate swelling. Another impact of SMIFH2 was shortening of the END BINDING1b (EB1b) and EB1c comets on the growing microtubule plus ends in N. tabacum tissue culture cells and Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon epidermis cells. The shape of the EB1 comets in the SMIFH2-treated cells resembled that of the knockdown mutant of plant Xenopus Microtubule-Associated protein of 215 kDa (XMAP215) homolog MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1/GEMINI 1 (MOR1/GEM1). This outcome suggests that formins promote elongation of tubulin flares on the growing plus ends. Formins AtFH1 (A. thaliana Formin Homology 1) and AtFH8 can also interact with EB1. Besides cytokinesis, formins function in the mitotic spindle assembly and metaphase to anaphase transition. Our data suggest that during cytokinesis formins function in: (1) promoting microtubule polymerization; (2) nucleating F-actin at the cell plate; (3) retaining dynamin-related proteins at the cell plate; and (4) remodeling of the cell plate membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laining Zhang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tetyana Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Deirdre Fahy
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nuria Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Natalia Moroz
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Kuchařová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Novák
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Manoilov
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Smertenko
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Charitha Galva
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alla S. Kostyukova
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - John C. Sedbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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21
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Plant biology: Plant formins roll out the welcome wagon for microbes. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R788-R791. [PMID: 34157262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of microbes with plant cells can radically change plant-cell form and function. A new study shows how a specialised formin protein paves the way for nitrogen-fixing bacteria to make homes in legumes.
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22
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Michonneau P, Fleurat-Lessard P, Cantereau A, Crépin A, Roblin G, Berjeaud JM. Implication of actin in the uptake of sucrose and valine in the tap root and leaf of sugar beet. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:218-232. [PMID: 33421161 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actin microfilaments (F-actin) are major components of the cytoskeleton essential for many cellular dynamic processes (vesicle trafficking, cytoplasmic streaming, organelle movements). The aim of this study was to examine whether cortical actin microfilaments might be implicated in the regulation of nutrient uptake in root and leaf cells of Beta vulgaris. Using antibodies raised against actin and the AtSUC1 sucrose transporter, immunochemical assays demonstrated that the expression of actin and a sucrose transporter showed different characteristics, when detected on plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) purified from roots and from leaves. The in situ immunolabeling of actin and AtSUC1 sites in PMVs and tissues showed their close proximity to the plasma membrane. Using co-labeling in protoplasts, actin and sucrose transporters were localized along the internal border and in the outermost part of the plasma membrane, respectively. This respective membrane co-localization was confirmed on PMVs and in tissues using transmission electronic microscopy. The possible functional role of actin in sucrose uptake (and valine uptake, comparatively) by PMVs and tissues from roots and leaves was examined using the pharmacological inhibitors, cytochalasin B (CB), cytochalasin D (CD), and phalloidin (PH). CB and CD inhibited the sucrose and valine uptake by root tissues in a concentration-dependent manner above 1 μM, whereas PH had no such effect. Comparatively, the toxins inhibited the sucrose and valine uptake in leaf discs to a lesser extent. The inhibition was not due to a hindering of the proton pumping and H+ -ATPase catalytic activity determined in PMVs incubated in presence of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Michonneau
- Pôle Agronomie Innovation Services, SCARA, Villette-sur-Aube, France
- Laboratoire EBI (Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Anne Cantereau
- Plateforme ImageUP, Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires CNRS 6187, Poitiers, France
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- Laboratoire EBI (Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gabriel Roblin
- Laboratoire EBI (Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- Laboratoire EBI (Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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23
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Liang P, Schmitz C, Lace B, Ditengou FA, Su C, Schulze E, Knerr J, Grosse R, Keller J, Libourel C, Delaux PM, Ott T. Formin-mediated bridging of cell wall, plasma membrane, and cytoskeleton in symbiotic infections of Medicago truncatula. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2712-2719.e5. [PMID: 33930305 PMCID: PMC8231094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Legumes have maintained the ability to associate with rhizobia to sustain the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis (RNS). In Medicago truncatula, the Nod factor (NF)-dependent intracellular root colonization by Sinorhizobium meliloti initiates from young, growing root hairs. They form rhizobial traps by physically curling around the symbiont.1,2 Although alterations in root hair morphology like branching and swelling have been observed in other plants in response to drug treatments3 or genetic perturbations,4, 5, 6 full root hair curling represents a rather specific invention in legumes. The entrapment of the symbiont completes with its full enclosure in a structure called the “infection chamber” (IC),1,2,7,8 from which a tube-like membrane channel, the “infection thread” (IT), initiates.1,2,9 All steps of rhizobium-induced root hair alterations are aided by a tip-localized cytosolic calcium gradient,10,11 global actin re-arrangements, and dense subapical fine actin bundles that are required for the delivery of Golgi-derived vesicles to the root hair tip.7,12, 13, 14 Altered actin dynamics during early responses to NFs or rhizobia have mostly been shown in mutants that are affected in the actin-related SCAR/WAVE complex.15, 16, 17, 18 Here, we identified a polarly localized SYMBIOTIC FORMIN 1 (SYFO1) to be required for NF-dependent alterations in membrane organization and symbiotic root hair responses. We demonstrate that SYFO1 mediates a continuum between the plasma membrane and the cell wall that is required for the onset of rhizobial infections. The SYMBIOTIC FORMIN 1 (SYFO1) specifically regulates symbiotic root hair curling SYFO1 directly binds actin and polarizes in responding root hairs SYFO1 induces membrane protrusions in cell-wall-devoid protoplasts Cell wall association of SYFO1 is indispensable for its function in root hairs
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Liang
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clara Schmitz
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Lace
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franck Anicet Ditengou
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chao Su
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eija Schulze
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julian Knerr
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, Institute of Pharmacology, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jean Keller
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cyril Libourel
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Thomas Ott
- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre of Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 8, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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Petersen BL, MacAlister CA, Ulvskov P. Plant Protein O-Arabinosylation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645219. [PMID: 33815452 PMCID: PMC8012813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.645219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of proteins with diverse functions in development, defense, and stress responses are O-arabinosylated at hydroxyprolines (Hyps) within distinct amino acid motifs of continuous stretches of Hyps, as found in the structural cell wall extensins, or at non-continuous Hyps as, for example, found in small peptide hormones and a variety of plasma membrane proteins involved in signaling. Plant O-glycosylation relies on hydroxylation of Prolines to Hyps in the protein backbone, mediated by prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) which is followed by O-glycosylation of the Hyp C4-OH group by either galactosyltransferases (GalTs) or arabinofuranosyltranferases (ArafTs) yielding either Hyp-galactosylation or Hyp-arabinosylation. A subset of the P4H enzymes with putative preference to hydroxylation of continuous prolines and presumably all ArafT enzymes needed for synthesis of the substituted arabinose chains of one to four arabinose units, have been identified and functionally characterized. Truncated root-hair phenotype is one common denominator of mutants of Hyp formation and Hyp-arabinosylation glycogenes, which act on diverse groups of O-glycosylated proteins, e.g., the small peptide hormones and cell wall extensins. Dissection of different substrate derived effects may not be regularly feasible and thus complicate translation from genotype to phenotype. Recently, lack of proper arabinosylation on arabinosylated proteins has been shown to influence their transport/fate in the secretory pathway, hinting to an additional layer of functionality of O-arabinosylation. Here, we provide an update on the prevalence and types of O-arabinosylated proteins and the enzymatic machinery responsible for their modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Larsen Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cora A. MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Zhang X, Man Y, Zhuang X, Shen J, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Yu M, Xing J, Wang G, Lian N, Hu Z, Ma L, Shen W, Yang S, Xu H, Bian J, Jing Y, Li X, Li R, Mao T, Jiao Y, Sodmergen, Ren H, Lin J. Plant multiscale networks: charting plant connectivity by multi-level analysis and imaging techniques. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33974222 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular and even single-celled organisms, individual components are interconnected at multiscale levels to produce enormously complex biological networks that help these systems maintain homeostasis for development and environmental adaptation. Systems biology studies initially adopted network analysis to explore how relationships between individual components give rise to complex biological processes. Network analysis has been applied to dissect the complex connectivity of mammalian brains across different scales in time and space in The Human Brain Project. In plant science, network analysis has similarly been applied to study the connectivity of plant components at the molecular, subcellular, cellular, organic, and organism levels. Analysis of these multiscale networks contributes to our understanding of how genotype determines phenotype. In this review, we summarized the theoretical framework of plant multiscale networks and introduced studies investigating plant networks by various experimental and computational modalities. We next discussed the currently available analytic methodologies and multi-level imaging techniques used to map multiscale networks in plants. Finally, we highlighted some of the technical challenges and key questions remaining to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457004, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingyu Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shunyao Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Bian
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sodmergen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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26
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Ma Z, Liu X, Nath S, Sun H, Tran TM, Yang L, Mayor S, Miao Y. Formin nanoclustering-mediated actin assembly during plant flagellin and DSF signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108884. [PMID: 33789103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to bacterial infection acutely with actin remodeling during plant immune responses. The mechanisms by which bacterial virulence factors (VFs) modulate plant actin polymerization remain enigmatic. Here, we show that plant-type-I formin serves as the molecular sensor for actin remodeling in response to two bacterial VFs: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) diffusible signal factor (DSF), and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Both VFs regulate actin assembly by tuning the clustering and nucleation activity of formin on the plasma membrane (PM) at the nano-sized scale. By being integrated within the cell-wall-PM-actin cytoskeleton (CW-PM-AC) continuum, the dynamic behavior and function of formins are highly dependent on each scaffold layer's composition within the CW-PM-AC continuum during both DSF and PTI signaling. Our results reveal a central mechanism for rapid actin remodeling during plant-bacteria interactions, in which bacterial signaling molecules fine tune plant formin nanoclustering in a host mechanical-structure-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Sangeeta Nath
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - He Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Tuan Minh Tran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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27
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Chen C, Vanneste S, Chen X. Review: Membrane tethers control plasmodesmal function and formation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110800. [PMID: 33568299 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is crucial in coordinating diverse biological processes in multicellular organisms. In plants, communication between adjacent cells occurs via nanotubular passages called plasmodesmata (PD). The PD passage is composed of an appressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) internally, and plasma membrane (PM) externally, that traverses the cell wall, and associates with the actin-cytoskeleton. The coordination of the ER, PM and cytoskeleton plays a potential role in maintaining the architecture and conductivity of PD. Many data suggest that PD-associated proteins can serve as tethers that connect these structures in a functional PD, to regulate cell-to-cell communication. In this review, we summarize the organization and regulation of PD activity via tethering proteins, and discuss the importance of PD-mediated cell-to-cell communication in plant development and defense against environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Chen
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, 119, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Xu Chen
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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28
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Intercellular trafficking via plasmodesmata: molecular layers of complexity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:799-816. [PMID: 32920696 PMCID: PMC7897608 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata are intercellular pores connecting together most plant cells. These structures consist of a central constricted form of the endoplasmic reticulum, encircled by some cytoplasmic space, in turn delimited by the plasma membrane, itself ultimately surrounded by the cell wall. The presence and structure of plasmodesmata create multiple routes for intercellular trafficking of a large spectrum of molecules (encompassing RNAs, proteins, hormones and metabolites) and also enable local signalling events. Movement across plasmodesmata is finely controlled in order to balance processes requiring communication with those necessitating symplastic isolation. Here, we describe the identities and roles of the molecular components (specific sets of lipids, proteins and wall polysaccharides) that shape and define plasmodesmata structural and functional domains. We highlight the extensive and dynamic interactions that exist between the plasma/endoplasmic reticulum membranes, cytoplasm and cell wall domains, binding them together to effectively define plasmodesmata shapes and purposes.
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29
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Pappas D, Gkelis S, Panteris E. The effects of microcystin-LR in Oryza sativa root cells: F-actin as a new target of cyanobacterial toxicity. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:839-849. [PMID: 32268449 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins are toxins produced by cyanobacteria, notorious for negatively affecting a wide range of living organisms, among which several plant species. Although microtubules are a well-established target of microcystin toxicity, its effect on filamentous actin (F-actin) in plant cells has not yet been studied. Τhe effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and an extract of a microcystin-producing freshwater cyanobacterial strain (Microcystis flos-aquae TAU-MAC 1510) on the cytoskeleton (F-actin and microtubules) of Oryza sativa (rice) root cells were studied with light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. Considering the role of F-actin in endomembrane system distribution, the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus in extract-treated cells were also examined. F-actin in both MC-LR- and extract-treated meristematic and differentiating root cells exhibited time-dependent alterations, ranging from disorientation and bundling to the formation of ring-like structures, eventually resulting in a collapse of the F-actin network after longer treatments. Disorganization and eventual depolymerization of microtubules, as well as abnormal chromatin condensation were observed following treatment with the extract, effects which could be attributed to microcystins and other bioactive compounds. Moreover, cell cycle progression was inhibited in extract-treated roots, specifically affecting the mitotic events. As a consequence of F-actin network disorganization, endoplasmic reticulum elements appeared stacked and diminished, while Golgi dictyosomes appeared aggregated. These results support that F-actin is a prominent target of MC-LR, both in pure form and as an extract ingredient. Endomembrane system alterations can also be attributed to the effects of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds (including microcystins) on the F-actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pappas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Gkelis
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Yoneda A, Ohtani M, Katagiri D, Hosokawa Y, Demura T. Hechtian Strands Transmit Cell Wall Integrity Signals in Plant Cells. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050604. [PMID: 32397402 PMCID: PMC7284614 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hechtian strands are thread-like structures in plasmolyzed plant cells that connect the cell wall to the plasma membrane. Although these strands were first observed more than 100 years ago, their physiological roles are largely unknown. Here, we used intracellular laser microdissection to examine the effects of disrupting Hechtian strands on plasmolyzed tobacco BY-2 cells. When we focused femtosecond laser pulses on Hechtian strands, targeted disruptions were induced, but no visible changes in cell morphology were detected. However, the calcofluor white signals from β-glucans was detected in plasmolyzed cells with disrupted Hechtian strands, whereas no signals were detected in untreated plasmolyzed cells. These results suggest that Hechtian strands play roles in sensing cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Yoneda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (A.Y.); (M.O.); (D.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (A.Y.); (M.O.); (D.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Daisuke Katagiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (A.Y.); (M.O.); (D.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (A.Y.); (M.O.); (D.K.); (Y.H.)
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; (A.Y.); (M.O.); (D.K.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-743-72-5460
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31
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Daněk M, Angelini J, Malínská K, Andrejch J, Amlerová Z, Kocourková D, Brouzdová J, Valentová O, Martinec J, Petrášek J. Cell wall contributes to the stability of plasma membrane nanodomain organization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLOTILLIN2 and HYPERSENSITIVE INDUCED REACTION1 proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:619-636. [PMID: 31610051 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current models of plasma membrane (PM) postulate its organization in various nano- and micro-domains with distinct protein and lipid composition. While metazoan PM nanodomains usually display high lateral mobility, the dynamics of plant nanodomains is often highly spatially restricted. Here we have focused on the determination of the PM distribution in nanodomains for Arabidopsis thaliana flotillin (AtFLOT) and hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (AtHIR), previously shown to be involved in response to extracellular stimuli. Using in vivo laser scanning and spinning disc confocal microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana we present here their nanodomain localization in various epidermal cell types. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and kymographic analysis revealed that PM-associated AtFLOTs contain significantly higher immobile fraction than AtHIRs. In addition, much lower immobile fractions have been found in tonoplast pool of AtHIR3. Although members of both groups of proteins were spatially restricted in their PM distribution by corrals co-aligning with microtubules (MTs), pharmacological treatments showed no or very low role of actin and microtubular cytoskeleton for clustering of AtFLOT and AtHIR into nanodomains. Finally, pharmacological alteration of cell wall (CW) synthesis and structure resulted in changes in lateral mobility of AtFLOT2 and AtHIR1. Accordingly, partial enzymatic CW removal increased the overall dynamics as well as individual nanodomain mobility of these two proteins. Such structural links to CW could play an important role in their correct positioning during PM communication with extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Angelini
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Malínská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Andrejch
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Amlerová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Brouzdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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32
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Rui Y, Dinneny JR. A wall with integrity: surveillance and maintenance of the plant cell wall under stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1428-1439. [PMID: 31486535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The structural and functional integrity of the cell wall needs to be constantly monitored and fine-tuned to allow for growth while preventing mechanical failure. Many studies have advanced our understanding of the pathways that contribute to cell wall biosynthesis and how these pathways are regulated by external and internal cues. Recent evidence also supports a model in which certain aspects of the wall itself may act as growth-regulating signals. Molecular components of the signaling pathways that sense and maintain cell wall integrity have begun to be revealed, including signals arising in the wall, sensors that detect changes at the cell surface, and downstream signal transduction modules. Abiotic and biotic stress conditions provide new contexts for the study of cell wall integrity, but the nature and consequences of wall disruptions due to various stressors require further investigation. A deeper understanding of cell wall signaling will provide insights into the growth regulatory mechanisms that allow plants to survive in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Rui
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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33
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Kollárová E, Baquero Forero A, Stillerová L, Přerostová S, Cvrčková F. Arabidopsis Class II Formins AtFH13 and AtFH14 Can Form Heterodimers but Exhibit Distinct Patterns of Cellular Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E348. [PMID: 31948069 PMCID: PMC6982070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Formins are evolutionarily conserved multi-domain proteins participating in the control of both actin and microtubule dynamics. Angiosperm formins form two evolutionarily distinct families, Class I and Class II, with class-specific domain layouts. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has 21 formin-encoding loci, including 10 Class II members. In this study, we analyze the subcellular localization of two A. thaliana Class II formins exhibiting typical domain organization, the so far uncharacterized formin AtFH13 (At5g58160) and its distant homolog AtFH14 (At1g31810), previously reported to bind microtubules. Fluorescent protein-tagged full length formins and their individual domains were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves under the control of a constitutive promoter and their subcellular localization (including co-localization with cytoskeletal structures and the endoplasmic reticulum) was examined using confocal microscopy. While the two formins exhibit distinct and only partially overlapping localization patterns, they both associate with microtubules via the conserved formin homology 2 (FH2) domain and with the periphery of the endoplasmic reticulum, at least in part via the N-terminal PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin)-like domain. Surprisingly, FH2 domains of AtFH13 and AtFH14 can form heterodimers in the yeast two-hybrid assay-a first case of potentially biologically relevant formin heterodimerization mediated solely by the FH2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Cvrčková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.K.); (A.B.F.); (L.S.); (S.P.)
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Cifrová P, Oulehlová D, Kollárová E, Martinek J, Rosero A, Žárský V, Schwarzerová K, Cvrčková F. Division of Labor Between Two Actin Nucleators-the Formin FH1 and the ARP2/3 Complex-in Arabidopsis Epidermal Cell Morphogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32194585 PMCID: PMC7061858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ARP2/3 complex and formins are the only known plant actin nucleators. Besides their actin-related functions, both systems also modulate microtubule organization and dynamics. Loss of the main housekeeping Arabidopsis thaliana Class I membrane-targeted formin FH1 (At3g25500) is known to increase cotyledon pavement cell lobing, while mutations affecting ARP2/3 subunits exhibit an opposite effect. Here we examine the role of FH1 and the ARP2/3 complex subunit ARPC5 (At4g01710) in epidermal cell morphogenesis with focus on pavement cells and trichomes using a model system of single fh1 and arpc5, as well as double fh1 arpc5 mutants. While cotyledon pavement cell shape in double mutants mostly resembled single arpc5 mutants, analysis of true leaf epidermal morphology, as well as actin and microtubule organization and dynamics, revealed a more complex relationship between the two systems and similar, rather than antagonistic, effects on some parameters. Both fh1 and arpc5 mutations increased actin network density and increased cell shape complexity in pavement cells and trichomes of first true leaves, in contrast to cotyledons. Thus, while the two actin nucleation systems have complementary roles in some aspects of cell morphogenesis in cotyledon pavement cells, they may act in parallel in other cell types and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Denisa Oulehlová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Kollárová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Martinek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amparo Rosero
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Fatima Cvrčková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Fatima Cvrčková,
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35
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Zhou Y, Dobritsa AA. Formation of aperture sites on the pollen surface as a model for development of distinct cellular domains. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 288:110222. [PMID: 31521218 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are covered by the complex extracellular structure, called exine, which in most species is deposited on the pollen surface non-uniformly. Certain surface areas receive fewer exine deposits and develop into regions whose structure and morphology differ significantly from the rest of pollen wall. These regions are known as pollen apertures. Across species, pollen apertures can vary in their numbers, positions, and morphology, generating highly diverse patterns. The process of aperture formation involves establishment of cell polarity, formation of distinct plasma membrane domains, and deposition of extracellular materials at precise positions. Thus, pollen apertures present an excellent model for studying the development of cellular domains and formation of patterns at the single-cell level. Until very recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specification and formation of aperture sites were completely unknown. Here, we review recent advances in understanding of the molecular processes involved in pollen aperture formation, focusing on the molecular players identified through genetic approaches in the model plant Arabidopsis. We discuss a potential working model that describes the process of aperture formation, including specification of domains, creation of their defining features, and protection of these regions from exine deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Anna A Dobritsa
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States.
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36
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Oulehlová D, Kollárová E, Cifrová P, Pejchar P, Žárský V, Cvrčková F. Arabidopsis Class I Formin FH1 Relocates between Membrane Compartments during Root Cell Ontogeny and Associates with Plasmodesmata. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1855-1870. [PMID: 31135031 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Formins are evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic proteins engaged in actin nucleation and other aspects of cytoskeletal organization. Angiosperms have two formin clades with multiple paralogs; typical plant Class I formins are integral membrane proteins that can anchor cytoskeletal structures to membranes. For the main Arabidopsis housekeeping Class I formin, FH1 (At3g25500), plasmalemma localization was documented in heterologous expression and overexpression studies. We previously showed that loss of FH1 function increases cotyledon epidermal pavement cell shape complexity via modification of actin and microtubule organization and dynamics. Here, we employ transgenic Arabidopsis expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged FH1 (FH1-GFP) from its native promoter to investigate in vivo behavior of this formin using advanced microscopy techniques. The fusion protein is functional, since its expression complements the fh1 loss-of-function mutant phenotype. Accidental overexpression of FH1-GFP results in a decrease in trichome branch number, while fh1 mutation has the opposite effect, indicating a general role of this formin in controlling cell shape complexity. Consistent with previous reports, FH1-GFP associates with membranes. However, the protein exhibits surprising actin- and secretory pathway-dependent dynamic localization and relocates between cellular endomembranes and the plasmalemma during cell division and differentiation in root tissues, with transient tonoplast localization at the transition/elongation zones border. FH1-GFP also accumulates in actin-rich regions of cortical cytoplasm and associates with plasmodesmata in both the cotyledon epidermis and root tissues. Together with previous reports from metazoan systems, this suggests that formins might have a shared (ancestral or convergent) role at cell-cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Oulehlová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ 128 43, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the CAS, Prague 6, CZ 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kollárová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cifrová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ 128 43, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the CAS, Prague 6, CZ 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ 128 43, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the CAS, Prague 6, CZ 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Cvrčková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, CZ 128 43, Czech Republic
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37
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Platre MP, Bayle V, Armengot L, Bareille J, Marquès-Bueno MDM, Creff A, Maneta-Peyret L, Fiche JB, Nollmann M, Miège C, Moreau P, Martinière A, Jaillais Y. Developmental control of plant Rho GTPase nano-organization by the lipid phosphatidylserine. Science 2019; 364:57-62. [PMID: 30948546 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are master regulators of cell signaling, but how they are regulated depending on the cellular context is unclear. We found that the phospholipid phosphatidylserine acts as a developmentally controlled lipid rheostat that tunes Rho GTPase signaling in Arabidopsis Live superresolution single-molecule imaging revealed that the protein Rho of Plants 6 (ROP6) is stabilized by phosphatidylserine into plasma membrane nanodomains, which are required for auxin signaling. Our experiments also revealed that the plasma membrane phosphatidylserine content varies during plant root development and that the level of phosphatidylserine modulates the quantity of ROP6 nanoclusters induced by auxin and hence downstream signaling, including regulation of endocytosis and gravitropism. Our work shows that variations in phosphatidylserine levels are a physiological process that may be leveraged to regulate small GTPase signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Joseph Bareille
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Maria Del Mar Marquès-Bueno
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Fiche
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marcelo Nollmann
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR5048, INSERM U1054, Univ Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Miège
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Moreau
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, CNRS-University of Bordeaux, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.,Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS, US4 INSERM, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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38
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The cell wall regulates dynamics and size of plasma-membrane nanodomains in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12857-12862. [PMID: 31182605 PMCID: PMC6601011 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819077116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant plasma-membrane (PM) proteins are involved in several vital processes, such as detection of pathogens, solute transport, and cellular signaling. For these proteins to function effectively there needs to be structure within the PM allowing, for example, proteins in the same signaling cascade to be spatially organized. Here we demonstrate that several proteins with divergent functions are located in clusters of differing size in the membrane using subdiffraction-limited Airyscan confocal microscopy. Single particle tracking reveals that these proteins move at different rates within the membrane. Actin and microtubule cytoskeletons appear to significantly regulate the mobility of one of these proteins (the pathogen receptor FLS2) and we further demonstrate that the cell wall is critical for the regulation of cluster size by quantifying single particle dynamics of proteins with key roles in morphogenesis (PIN3) and pathogen perception (FLS2). We propose a model in which the cell wall and cytoskeleton are pivotal for regulation of protein cluster size and dynamics, thereby contributing to the formation and functionality of membrane nanodomains.
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39
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Sassmann S, Rodrigues C, Milne SW, Nenninger A, Allwood E, Littlejohn GR, Talbot NJ, Soeller C, Davies B, Hussey PJ, Deeks MJ. An Immune-Responsive Cytoskeletal-Plasma Membrane Feedback Loop in Plants. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2136-2144.e7. [PMID: 29937351 PMCID: PMC6041470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell wall appositions (CWAs) are produced reactively by the plant immune system to arrest microbial invasion through the local inversion of plant cell growth. This process requires the controlled invagination of the plasma membrane (PM) in coordination with the export of barrier material to the volume between the plant PM and cell wall. Plant actin dynamics are essential to this response, but it remains unclear how exocytosis and the cytoskeleton are linked in space and time to form functional CWAs. Here, we show that actin-dependent trafficking to immune response sites of Arabidopsis thaliana delivers membrane-integrated FORMIN4, which in turn contributes to local cytoskeletal dynamics. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy combined with controlled induction of FORMIN4-GFP expression reveals a dynamic population of vesicular bodies that accumulate to form clusters at the PM through an actin-dependent process. Deactivation of FORMIN4 and its close homologs partially compromises subsequent defense and alters filamentous actin (F-actin) distribution at mature CWAs. The localization of FORMIN4 is stable and segregated from the dynamic traffic of the endosomal network. Moreover, the tessellation of FORMIN4 at the PM with meso-domains of PEN3 reveals a fine spatial segregation of destinations for actin-dependent immunity cargo. Together, our data suggest a model where FORMIN4 is a spatial feedback element in a multi-layered, temporally defined sequence of cytoskeletal response. This positional feedback makes a significant contribution to the distribution of actin filaments at the dynamic CWA boundary and to the outcomes of pre-invasion defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sassmann
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Stephen W Milne
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Anja Nenninger
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ellen Allwood
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | | | - Christian Soeller
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Brendan Davies
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Miall Building, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Michael J Deeks
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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40
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Panteris E, Achlati T, Daras G, Rigas S. Stomatal Complex Development and F-Actin Organization in Maize Leaf Epidermis Depend on Cellulose Synthesis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061365. [PMID: 29882773 PMCID: PMC6099634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils reinforce the cell wall for morphogenesis in plants. Herein, we provide evidence on a series of defects regarding stomatal complex development and F-actin organization in Zea mays leaf epidermis, due to inhibition of cellulose synthesis. Formative cell divisions of stomatal complex ontogenesis were delayed or inhibited, resulting in lack of subsidiary cells and frequently in unicellular stomata, with an atypical stomatal pore. Guard cells failed to acquire a dumbbell shape, becoming rounded, while subsidiary cells, whenever present, exhibited aberrant morphogenesis. F-actin organization was also affected, since the stomatal complex-specific arrays were scarcely observed. At late developmental stages, the overall F-actin network was diminished in all epidermal cells, although thick actin bundles persisted. Taken together, stomatal complex development strongly depends on cell wall mechanical properties. Moreover, F-actin organization exhibits a tight relationship with the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theonymphi Achlati
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Gerasimos Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stamatis Rigas
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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41
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Wang L, Xue Y, Xing J, Song K, Lin J. Exploring the Spatiotemporal Organization of Membrane Proteins in Living Plant Cells. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:525-551. [PMID: 29489393 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane proteins have important roles in transport and signal transduction. Deciphering the spatiotemporal organization of these proteins provides crucial information for elucidating the links between the behaviors of different molecules. However, monitoring membrane proteins without disrupting their membrane environment remains difficult. Over the past decade, many studies have developed single-molecule techniques, opening avenues for probing the stoichiometry and interactions of membrane proteins in their native environment by providing nanometer-scale spatial information and nanosecond-scale temporal information. In this review, we assess recent progress in the development of labeling and imaging technology for membrane protein analysis. We focus in particular on several single-molecule techniques for quantifying the dynamics and assembly of membrane proteins. Finally, we provide examples of how these new techniques are advancing our understanding of the complex biological functions of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiqun Xue
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kai Song
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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42
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Ruiz-May E, Sørensen I, Fei Z, Zhang S, Domozych DS, Rose JKC. The Secretome and N-Glycosylation Profiles of the Charophycean Green Alga, Penium margaritaceum, Resemble Those of Embryophytes. Proteomes 2018; 6:E14. [PMID: 29561781 PMCID: PMC6027541 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The secretome can be defined as the population of proteins that are secreted into the extracellular environment. Many proteins that are secreted by eukaryotes are N-glycosylated. However, there are striking differences in the diversity and conservation of N-glycosylation patterns between taxa. For example, the secretome and N-glycosylation structures differ between land plants and chlorophyte green algae, but it is not clear when this divergence took place during plant evolution. A potentially valuable system to study this issue is provided by the charophycean green algae (CGA), which is the immediate ancestors of land plants. In this study, we used lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) coupled with mass spectrometry to characterize the secretome including secreted N-glycoproteins of Penium margaritaceum, which is a member of the CGA. The identified secreted proteins and N-glycans were compared to those known from the chlorophyte green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the model land plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, to establish their evolutionary context. Our approach allowed the identification of cell wall proteins and proteins modified with N-glycans that are identical to those of embryophytes, which suggests that the P. margaritaceum secretome is more closely related to those of land plants than to those of chlorophytes. The results of this study support the hypothesis that many of the proteins associated with plant cell wall modification as well as other extracellular processes evolved prior to the colonization of terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Ruiz-May
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Cluster BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Congregación el Haya, CP 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - David S Domozych
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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43
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Yu Q, Ren JJ, Kong LJ, Wang XL. Actin filaments regulate the adhesion between the plasma membrane and the cell wall of tobacco guard cells. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:235-245. [PMID: 28803402 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the opening and closing of stomata, guard cells undergo rapid and reversible changes in their volume and shape, which affects the adhesion of the plasma membrane (PM) to the cell wall (CW). The dynamics of actin filaments in guard cells are involved in stomatal movement by regulating structural changes and intracellular signaling. However, it is unclear whether actin dynamics regulate the adhesion of the PM to the CW. In this study, we investigated the relationship between actin dynamics and PM-CW adhesion by the hyperosmotic-induced plasmolysis of tobacco guard cells. We found that actin filaments in guard cells were depolymerized during mannitol-induced plasmolysis. The inhibition of actin dynamics by treatment with latrunculin B or jasplakinolide and the disruption of the adhesion between the PM and the CW by treatment with RGDS peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) enhanced guard cell plasmolysis. However, treatment with latrunculin B alleviated the RGDS peptide-induced plasmolysis and endocytosis. Our results reveal that the actin depolymerization is involved in the regulation of the PW-CW adhesion during hyperosmotic-induced plasmolysis in tobacco guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lan-Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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44
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Lamport DTA, Tan L, Held MA, Kieliszewski MJ. Pollen tube growth and guidance: Occam's razor sharpened on a molecular arabinogalactan glycoprotein Rosetta Stone. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:491-500. [PMID: 28990197 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Occam's Razor suggests a new model of pollen tube tip growth based on a novel Hechtian oscillator that integrates a periplasmic arabinogalactan glycoprotein-calcium (AGP-Ca2+ ) capacitor with tip-localized AGPs as the source of tip-focussed cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations: Hechtian adhesion between the plasma membrane and the cell wall of the growing tip acts as a piconewton force transducer that couples the internal stress of a rapidly growing wall to the plasma membrane. Such Hechtian transduction opens stretch-activated Ca2+ channels and activates H+ -ATPase proton pump efflux that dissociates periplasmic AGP-Ca2+ resulting in a Ca2+ influx that activates exocytosis of wall precursors. Thus, a highly simplified pectic primary cell wall regulates its own synthesis by a Hechtian growth oscillator that regulates overall tip growth. By analogy with the three cryptic inscriptions of the classical Rosetta Stone, the Hechtian Hypothesis translates classical AGP function as a Ca2+ capacitor, pollen tube guide and wall plasticizer into a simple but widely applicable model of tip growth. Even wider ramifications of the Hechtian oscillator may implicate AGPs in osmosensing or gravisensing and other tropisms, leading us yet further towards the Holy Grail of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T A Lamport
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-4712, USA
| | - Michael A Held
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Pitzalis N, Heinlein M. The roles of membranes and associated cytoskeleton in plant virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 69:117-132. [PMID: 29036578 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The infection of plants by viruses depends on cellular mechanisms that support the replication of the viral genomes, and the cell-to-cell and systemic movement of the virus via plasmodesmata (PD) and the connected phloem. While the propagation of some viruses requires the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway, others replicate and spread between cells in association with the ER and are independent of this pathway. Using selected viruses as examples, this review re-examines the involvement of membranes and the cytoskeleton during virus infection and proposes potential roles of class VIII myosins and membrane-tethering proteins in controlling viral functions at specific ER subdomains, such as cortical microtubule-associated ER sites, ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and PD.
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Zhang HM, Colyvas K, Patrick JW, Offler CE. A Ca2+-dependent remodelled actin network directs vesicle trafficking to build wall ingrowth papillae in transfer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4749-4764. [PMID: 29048561 PMCID: PMC5853249 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transport function of transfer cells is conferred by an enlarged plasma membrane area, enriched in nutrient transporters, that is supported on a scaffold of wall ingrowth (WI) papillae. Polarized plumes of elevated cytosolic Ca2+ define loci at which WI papillae form in developing adaxial epidermal transfer cells of Vicia faba cotyledons that are induced to trans-differentiate when the cotyledons are placed on culture medium. We evaluated the hypothesis that vesicle trafficking along a Ca2+-regulated remodelled actin network is the mechanism that underpins this outcome. Polarized to the outer periclinal cytoplasm, a Ca2+-dependent remodelling of long actin bundles into short, thin bundles was found to be essential for assembling WI papillae but not the underlying uniform wall layer. The remodelled actin network directed polarized vesicle trafficking to sites of WI papillae construction, and a pharmacological study indicated that both exo- and endocytosis contributed to assembly of the papillae. Potential candidates responsible for the Ca2+-dependent actin remodelling, along with those underpinning polarized exo- and endocyotosis, were identified in a transcriptome RNAseq database generated from the trans-differentiating epidermal cells. Of most significance, endocytosis was controlled by up-regulated expression of a dynamin-like isoform. How a cycle of localized exo- and endocytosis, regulated by Ca2+-dependent actin remodelling, assembles WI papillae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Colyvas
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- Correspondence: or
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Tolmie F, Poulet A, McKenna J, Sassmann S, Graumann K, Deeks M, Runions J. The cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana influences actin network dynamics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4517-4527. [PMID: 28981774 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells, molecular connections link the cell wall-plasma membrane-actin cytoskeleton to form a continuum. It is hypothesized that the cell wall provides stable anchor points around which the actin cytoskeleton remodels. Here we use live cell imaging of fluorescently labelled marker proteins to quantify the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and to determine the impact of disrupting connections within the continuum. Labelling of the actin cytoskeleton with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fimbrin actin-binding domain 2 (FABD2) resulted in a network composed of fine filaments and thicker bundles that appeared as a highly dynamic remodelling meshwork. This differed substantially from the GFP-Lifeact-labelled network that appeared much more sparse with thick bundles that underwent 'simple movement', in which the bundles slightly change position, but in such a manner that the structure of the network was not substantially altered during the time of observation. Label-dependent differences in actin network morphology and remodelling necessitated development of two new image analysis techniques. The first of these, 'pairwise image subtraction', was applied to measurement of the more rapidly remodelling actin network labelled with GFP-FABD2, while the second, 'cumulative fluorescence intensity', was used to measure bulk remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton when labelled with GFP-Lifeact. In each case, these analysis techniques show that the actin cytoskeleton has a decreased rate of bulk remodelling when the cell wall-plasma membrane-actin continuum is disrupted either by plasmolysis or with isoxaben, a drug that specifically inhibits cellulose deposition. Changes in the rate of actin remodelling also affect its functionality, as observed by alteration in Golgi body motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Tolmie
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Axel Poulet
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Joseph McKenna
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Stefan Sassmann
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Michael Deeks
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - John Runions
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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Plant cell wall signalling and receptor-like kinases. Biochem J 2017; 474:471-492. [PMID: 28159895 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Communication between the extracellular matrix and the cell interior is essential for all organisms as intrinsic and extrinsic cues have to be integrated to co-ordinate development, growth, and behaviour. This applies in particular to plants, the growth and shape of which is governed by deposition and remodelling of the cell wall, a rigid, yet dynamic, extracellular network. It is thus generally assumed that cell wall surveillance pathways exist to monitor the state of the wall and, if needed, elicit compensatory responses such as altered expression of cell wall remodelling and biosynthesis genes. Here, I highlight recent advances in the field of cell wall signalling in plants, with emphasis on the role of plasma membrane receptor-like kinase complexes. In addition, possible roles for cell wall-mediated signalling beyond the maintenance of cell wall integrity are discussed.
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Li S, Dong H, Pei W, Liu C, Zhang S, Sun T, Xue X, Ren H. LlFH1-mediated interaction between actin fringe and exocytic vesicles is involved in pollen tube tip growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:745-761. [PMID: 28092406 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube tip growth is an extreme form of polarized cell growth, which requires polarized exocytosis based on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton. However, the molecular basis for the connection between actin filaments and exocytic vesicles is unclear. Here, we identified a Lilium longiflorum pollen-specific formin (LlFH1) and found that it localized at the apical vesicles and plasma membrane (PM). Overexpression of LlFH1 induced excessive actin cables in the tube tip region, and downregulation of LlFH1 eliminated the actin fringe. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis revealed that LlFH1-labeled exocytic vesicles exhibited an initial accumulation at the shoulder of the apex and coincided with the leading edge of the actin fringe. Time-lapse analysis suggested that nascent actin filaments followed the emergence of the apical vesicles, implying that LlFH1 at apical vesicles could initiate actin polymerization. Biochemical assays showed that LlFH1 FH1FH2 could nucleate actin polymerization, but then capped the actin filament at the barbed end and inhibited its elongation. However, in the presence of lily profilins, LlFH1 FH1FH2 could accelerate barbed-end actin elongation. In addition, LlFH1 FH1FH2 was able to bundle actin filaments. Thus, we propose that LlFH1 and profilin coordinate the interaction between the actin fringe and exocytic vesicle trafficking during pollen tube growth of lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huaijian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weike Pei
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sha Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiuhua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Wang P, Hawes C, Hussey PJ. Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:289-297. [PMID: 27955928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a superhighway with multiple sideroads that connects the different membrane compartments including the ER to the plasma membrane (PM). ER-PM contact sites (EPCSs) are a common feature in eukaryotic organisms, but have not been studied well in plants owing to the lack of molecular markers and to the difficulty in resolving the EPCS structure using conventional microscopy. Recently, however, plant protein complexes required for linking the ER and PM have been identified. This is a further step towards understanding the structure and function of plant EPCSs. We highlight some recent studies in this field and suggest several hypotheses that relate to the possible function of EPCSs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Wang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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