1
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Akinyemi AO, Simpson KE, Oyelere SF, Nur M, Ngule CM, Owoyemi BCD, Ayarick VA, Oyelami FF, Obaleye O, Esoe DP, Liu X, Li Z. Unveiling the dark side of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in cancers and other human pathology: a systematic review. Mol Med 2023; 29:112. [PMID: 37605113 PMCID: PMC10464436 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that is predominantly expressed in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 plays a crucial role in protein folding by assisting in the assembly of misfolded proteins. Under cellular stress conditions, GRP78 can translocate to the cell surface (csGRP78) were it interacts with different ligands to initiate various intracellular pathways. The expression of csGRP78 has been associated with tumor initiation and progression of multiple cancer types. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing evidence on the roles of GRP78 in various types of cancer and other human pathology. Additionally, the review discusses the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying GRP78's involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer advancement. Furthermore, we highlight recent innovative approaches employed in downregulating GRP78 expression in cancers as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Nur
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Felix Femi Oyelami
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | | | - Dave-Preston Esoe
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
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2
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Liu Y, Zhao X, Jian J, Hasan S, Liu C. Interaction with ERp57 is required for progranulin protection against Type 2 Gaucher disease. Biosci Trends 2023; 17:126-135. [PMID: 36889696 PMCID: PMC10514708 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2023.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases, is caused by GBA1 mutations resulting in defective glucocerebrosidase (GCase) and consequent accumulation of its substrates β-glucosylceramide (β-GlcCer). We reported progranulin (PGRN), a secretary growth factor-like molecule and an intracellular lysosomal protein was a crucial co-factor of GCase. PGRN binds to GCase and recruits Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) to GCase through its C-terminal Granulin (Grn) E domain, termed as ND7. In addition, both PGRN and ND7 are therapeutic against GD. Herein we found that both PGRN and its derived ND7 still displayed significant protective effects against GD in Hsp70 deficient cells. To delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying PGRN's Hsp70-independent regulation of GD, we performed a biochemical co-purification and mass spectrometry with His-tagged PGRN and His-tagged ND7 in Hsp70 deficient cells, which led to the identification of ERp57, also referred to as protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), as a protein that binds to both PGRN and ND7. Within type 2 neuropathic GD patient fibroblasts L444P, bearing GBA1 L444P mutation, deletion of ERp57 largely abolished the therapeutic effects of PGRN and ND7, as manifested by loss of effects on lysosomal storage, GCase activity, and β-GlcCer accumulation. Additionally, recombinant ERp57 effectively restored the therapeutic effects of PGRN and ND7 in ERp57 knockout L444P fibroblasts. Collectively, this study reports ERp57 as a previously unrecognized binding partner of PGRN that contributes to PGRN regulation of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jinlong Jian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sadaf Hasan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chuanju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Okuda A, Shimizu M, Inoue R, Urade R, Sugiyama M. Efficient Multiple Domain Ligation for Proteins Using Asparaginyl Endopeptidase by Selection of Appropriate Ligation Sites Based on Steric Hindrance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214412. [PMID: 36347766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three domain fragments of a multi-domain protein, ER-60, were ligated in two short linker regions using asparaginyl endopeptidase not involving denaturation. To identify appropriate ligation sites, by selecting several potential ligation sites with fewer mutations around two short linker regions, their ligation efficiencies and the functions of the ligated ER-60s were examined experimentally. To evaluate the dependence of ligation efficiencies on the ligation sites computationally, steric hinderances around the sites for the ligation were calculated through molecular dynamics simulations. Utilizing the steric hindrance, a site-dependent ligation potential index was introduced as reproducing the experimental ligation efficiency. Referring to this index, the reconstruction of ER-60 was succeeded by the ligation of the three domains for the first time. In addition, the new ligation potential index well-worked for application to other domain ligations. Therefore, the index may serve as a more time-effective tool for multi-site ligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Okuda
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimizu
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Rintaro Inoue
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Reiko Urade
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
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4
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Di Risola D, Ricci D, Marrocco I, Giamogante F, Grieco M, Francioso A, Vasco-Vidal A, Mancini P, Colotti G, Mosca L, Altieri F. ERp57 Chaperon Protein Protects Neuronal Cells from Aβ-induced toxicity. J Neurochem 2022; 162:322-336. [PMID: 35699375 PMCID: PMC9543391 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose main pathological hallmark is the accumulation of Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the form of senile plaques. Aβ can cause neurodegeneration and disrupt cognitive functions by several mechanisms, including oxidative stress. ERp57 is a protein disulfide isomerase involved in the cellular stress response and known to be present in the cerebrospinal fluid of normal individuals as a complex with Aβ peptides, suggesting that it may be a carrier protein which prevents aggregation of Aβ. Although several studies show ERp57 involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, no clear mechanism of action has been identified thus far. In this work we gain insights into the interaction of Aβwith ERp57, with a special focus on the contribution of ERp57 to the defence system of the cell. Here we show that recombinant ERp57 directly interacts with the Aβ25-35 fragment in vitro with high affinityvia two in silico-predicted main sites of interaction. Furthermore, we used human neuroblastoma cells to show that short-term Aβ25-35 treatment induces ERp57 decrease in intracellular protein levels, different intracellular localization and ERp57 secretion in the cultured medium. Finally, we demonstrate that recombinant ERp57 counteracts the toxic effects of Aβ25-35 and restores cellular viability, by preventing Aβ25-35 aggregation. Overall, the present study shows thatextracellular ERp57 can exert a protective effect from Aβ toxicity and highlights it as a possible therapeutic tool in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Di Risola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Immunobiology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Marrocco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldrin Vasco-Vidal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry. Weinberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Dept Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology - Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, Rome, Italy
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5
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Chichiarelli S, Altieri F, Paglia G, Rubini E, Minacori M, Eufemi M. ERp57/PDIA3: new insight. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:12. [PMID: 35109791 PMCID: PMC8809632 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERp57/PDIA3 protein is a pleiotropic member of the PDIs family and, although predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has indeed been found in other cellular compartments, such as the nucleus or the cell membrane. ERp57/PDIA3 is an important research target considering it can be found in various subcellular locations. This protein is involved in many different physiological and pathological processes, and our review describes new data on its functions and summarizes some ligands identified as PDIA3-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Paglia
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rubini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Enrico Ed Enrica Sovena" Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A.Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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6
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Solution structure of multi-domain protein ER-60 studied by aggregation-free SAXS and coarse-grained-MD simulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5655. [PMID: 33707747 PMCID: PMC7952739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-domain proteins (MDPs) show a variety of domain conformations under physiological conditions, regulating their functions through such conformational changes. One of the typical MDPs, ER-60 which is a protein folding enzyme, has a U-shape with four domains and is thought to have different domain conformations in solution depending on the redox state at the active centres of the edge domains. In this work, an aggregation-free small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that the structures of oxidized and reduced ER-60 in solution are different from each other and are also different from those in the crystal. Furthermore, structural modelling with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the distance between the two edge domains of oxidized ER-60 is longer than that of reduced ER-60. In addition, one of the edge domains has a more flexible conformation than the other.
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7
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Song D, Liu H, Wu J, Gao X, Hao J, Fan D. Insights into the role of ERp57 in cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:2456-2464. [PMID: 33758622 PMCID: PMC7974888 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 57 (ERp57) has a molecular weight of 57 kDa, belongs to the protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) family, and is primarily located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ERp57 functions in the quality control of nascent synthesized glycoproteins, participates in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule assembly, regulates immune responses, maintains immunogenic cell death (ICD), regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), functions as a 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) receptor, regulates the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways, and participates in DNA repair processes and cytoskeletal remodeling. Recent studies have reported ERp57 overexpression in various human cancers, and altered expression and aberrant functionality of ERp57 are associated with cancer growth and progression and changes in the chemosensitivity of cancers. ERp57 may become a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to combat cancer development and chemoresistance. Here, we summarize the available knowledge of the role of ERp57 in cancer and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaoliang Gao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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8
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Kozlov G, Gehring K. Calnexin cycle - structural features of the ER chaperone system. FEBS J 2020; 287:4322-4340. [PMID: 32285592 PMCID: PMC7687155 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major folding compartment for secreted and membrane proteins and is the site of a specific chaperone system, the calnexin cycle, for folding N-glycosylated proteins. Recent structures of components of the calnexin cycle have deepened our understanding of quality control mechanisms and protein folding pathways in the ER. In the calnexin cycle, proteins carrying monoglucosylated glycans bind to the lectin chaperones calnexin and calreticulin, which recruit a variety of function-specific chaperones to mediate protein disulfide formation, proline isomerization, and general protein folding. Upon trimming by glucosidase II, the glycan without an inner glucose residue is no longer able to bind to the lectin chaperones. For proteins that have not yet folded properly, the enzyme UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) acts as a checkpoint by adding a glucose back to the N-glycan. This allows the misfolded proteins to re-associate with calnexin and calreticulin for additional rounds of chaperone-mediated refolding and prevents them from exiting the ERs. Here, we review progress in structural studies of the calnexin cycle, which reveal common features of how lectin chaperones recruit function-specific chaperones and how UGGT recognizes misfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Structural BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- From the Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Structural BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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9
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Mechanisms of Disulfide Bond Formation in Nascent Polypeptides Entering the Secretory Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091994. [PMID: 32872499 PMCID: PMC7565403 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are an abundant feature of proteins across all domains of life that are important for structure, stability, and function. In eukaryotic cells, a major site of disulfide bond formation is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). How cysteines correctly pair during polypeptide folding to form the native disulfide bond pattern is a complex problem that is not fully understood. In this paper, the evidence for different folding mechanisms involved in ER-localised disulfide bond formation is reviewed with emphasis on events that occur during ER entry. Disulfide formation in nascent polypeptides is discussed with focus on (i) its mechanistic relationship with conformational folding, (ii) evidence for its occurrence at the co-translational stage during ER entry, and (iii) the role of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family members. This review highlights the complex array of cellular processes that influence disulfide bond formation and identifies key questions that need to be addressed to further understand this fundamental process.
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10
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Robinson PJ, Kanemura S, Cao X, Bulleid NJ. Protein secondary structure determines the temporal relationship between folding and disulfide formation. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2438-2448. [PMID: 31953323 PMCID: PMC7039548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
How and when disulfide bonds form in proteins relative to the stage of their folding is a fundamental question in cell biology. Two models describe this relationship: the folded precursor model, in which a nascent structure forms before disulfides do, and the quasi-stochastic model, where disulfides form prior to folding. Here we investigated oxidative folding of three structurally diverse substrates, β2-microglobulin, prolactin, and the disintegrin domain of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10), to understand how these mechanisms apply in a cellular context. We used a eukaryotic cell-free translation system in which we could identify disulfide isomers in stalled translation intermediates to characterize the timing of disulfide formation relative to translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum and the presence of non-native disulfides. Our results indicate that in a domain lacking secondary structure, disulfides form before conformational folding through a process prone to nonnative disulfide formation, whereas in proteins with defined secondary structure, native disulfide formation occurs after partial folding. These findings reveal that the nascent protein structure promotes correct disulfide formation during cotranslational folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Robinson
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shingo Kanemura
- Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Bulleid
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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11
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Ryan BA, Alhani K, Sellars KB, Kirby BJ, St-Arnaud R, Kaufmann M, Jones G, Kovacs CS. Mineral Homeostasis in Murine Fetuses Is Sensitive to Maternal Calcitriol but Not to Absence of Fetal Calcitriol. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:669-680. [PMID: 30508318 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) null fetuses have normal serum minerals, parathyroid hormone (PTH), skeletal morphology, and mineralization but increased serum calcitriol, placental calcium transport, and placental expression of Pthrp, Trpv6, and (as reported in this study) Pdia3. We examined Cyp27b1 null fetal mice, which do not make calcitriol, to determine if loss of calcitriol has the same consequences as loss of VDR. Cyp27b1 null and wild-type (WT) females were mated to Cyp27b1+/- males, which generated Cyp27b1 null and Cyp27b1+/- fetuses from Cyp27b1 null mothers, and Cyp27b1+/- and WT fetuses from WT mothers. Cyp27b1 null fetuses had undetectable calcitriol but normal serum calcium and phosphorus, PTH, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), skeletal mineral content, tibial lengths and morphology, placental calcium transport, and expression of Trpv6 and Pthrp; conversely, placental Pdia3 was downregulated. However, although Cyp27b1+/- and null fetuses of Cyp27b1 null mothers were indistinguishable, they had higher serum and amniotic fluid calcium, lower amniotic fluid phosphorus, lower FGF23, and higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D than in WT and Cyp27b1+/- fetuses of WT mothers. In summary, loss of fetal calcitriol did not alter mineral or bone homeostasis, but Cyp27b1 null mothers altered mineral homeostasis in their fetuses independent of fetal genotype. Cyp27b1 null fetuses differ from Vdr null fetuses, possibly through high levels of calcitriol acting on Pdia3 in Vdr nulls to upregulate placental calcium transport and expression of Trpv6 and Pthrp. In conclusion, maternal calcitriol influences fetal mineral metabolism, whereas loss of fetal calcitriol does not. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Ryan
- Faculty of Medicine-Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Kamal Alhani
- Faculty of Medicine-Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - K Berit Sellars
- Faculty of Medicine-Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Beth J Kirby
- Faculty of Medicine-Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada and McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine-Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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12
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Erin N, Ogan N, Yerlikaya A. Secretomes reveal several novel proteins as well as TGF-β1 as the top upstream regulator of metastatic process in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 170:235-250. [PMID: 29557524 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastatic breast cancer is resistant to many conventional treatments and novel therapeutic targets are needed. We previously isolated subsets of 4T1 murine breast cancer cells which metastasized to liver (4TLM), brain (4TBM), and heart (4THM). Among these cells, 4TLM is the most aggressive one, demonstrating mesenchymal phenotype. Here we compared secreted proteins from 4TLM, 4TBM, and 4THM cells and compared with that of hardly metastatic 67NR cells to detect differentially secreted factors involved in organ-specific metastasis. METHOD AND RESULTS Label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic technique was used to detect the differentially secreted proteins. Eighty-five of over 500 secreted proteins were significantly altered in metastatic breast cancer cells. Differential expression of several proteins such as fibulin-4, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1, TGF-β1 MMP-3, MMP-9, and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin were further verified using ELISA or Western blotting. Many of these identified proteins were also present in human metastatic breast carcinomas. Annexin A1 and A5, laminin beta 1, Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB were commonly found at least in three out of six studies examined here. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that proteins differentially secreted from metastatic cells are involved primarily in carcinogenesis and TGF-β1 is the top upstream regulator in all metastatic cells. CONCLUSIONS Cells metastasized to different organs displayed significant differences in several of secreted proteins. Proteins differentially altered were fibronectin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, and Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1. On the other hand, many exosomal proteins were also common to all metastatic cells, demonstrating involvement of key universal factors in distant metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, B-blok kat 1, SBAUM/Immunoloji Lab, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Nur Ogan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, B-blok kat 1, SBAUM/Immunoloji Lab, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Azmi Yerlikaya
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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13
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Depletion of Dicer promotes epithelial ovarian cancer progression by elevating PDIA3 expression. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14009-14023. [PMID: 27492604 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicer is an essential component of the microRNA (miRNA) processing machinery whose low expression is associated with advanced stage and poor clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. To investigate the functional relevance of Dicer in epithelial ovarian cancer and to identify its downstream effectors, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry was used for proteomic profiling. Dicer depletion promoted ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration accompanied by a global upregulation of proteins. Twenty-six proteins, 7 upregulated and 19 downregulated, were identified. The functions of the identified proteins and their interactions were bioinformatically analyzed. Among them, protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) was considered to be a potential target protein of Dicer. PDIA3 repression by siRNA could significantly relieve the proliferation- and migration-promoting effect mediated by Dicer depletion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the miRNAs targeting PDIA3 were decreased in cells with Dicer depletion. In summary, low Dicer expression contributes to epithelial ovarian cancer progression by elevating PDIA3 expression.
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14
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Chen YY, Liu FC, Wu TS, Sheu MJ. Antrodia cinnamomea Inhibits Migration in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: The Role of ERp57 and PGK-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 43:1671-96. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidences suggest that ERp57 and PGK-1 signaling lead to cancer cell proliferation and migration. We hypothesized that ERp57 and PGK-1 down-regulation may inactivate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9 expressions and inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) migration. Antrodia cinnamomea is widely prescribed as an adjuvant to treat HCC in Taiwan. We aimed to investigate if ethanol extract of fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea (EEAC) and its active ingredients (i.e., zhankuic acid A, cordycepin, and adenosine) can modulate HCC cancer cells migration through ERp57 and PGK-1 and other molecular pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK. ERp57 and PGK-1 siRNA were transfected into HCC to determine effects on MMP-2/-9 expressions and cell migration. We then examined the inhibitory effects of EEAC and its active ingredients on HCC migration and its related mechanisms including ERp57, PGK-1, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. Down-regulation of ERp57 and PGK-1 by siRNA decreased MMP-2, -9 expressions and Transwell cell migration in HCC. Nontoxic EEAC markedly inhibited migration of HCC, and significantly inhibited activities and protein expressions of MMP-2 and -9, while the expression of the endogenous inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) of these proteins increased. Nontoxic EEAC and its active ingredients decreased ERp57, GLUD-1, GST-pi, and PGK-1 protein expressions. Finally, nontoxic EEAC inhibited the phosphorylated FAK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling. Our findings first indicate that EEAC and its ingredients effectively suppress HCC migration. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms appear to be mediated, in part, through the down-regulation of ERp57, PGK-1, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Fon-Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jyh Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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15
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Choe MH, Min JW, Jeon HB, Cho DH, Oh JS, Lee HG, Hwang SG, An S, Han YH, Kim JS. ERp57 modulates STAT3 activity in radioresistant laryngeal cancer cells and serves as a prognostic marker for laryngeal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2654-66. [PMID: 25605256 PMCID: PMC4413608 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although targeting radioresistant tumor cells is essential for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy, the signals activated in resistant tumors are still unclear. This study shows that ERp57 contributes to radioresistance of laryngeal cancer by activating STAT3. Increased ERp57 was associated with the radioresistant phenotype of laryngeal cancer cells. Interestingly, increased interaction between ERp57 and STAT3 was observed in radioresistant cells, compared to the control cells. This physical complex is required for the activation of STAT3 in the radioresistant cells. Among STAT3-regulatory genes, Mcl-1 was predominantly regulated by ERp57. Inhibition of STAT3 activity with a chemical inhibitor or siRNA-mediated depletion of Mcl-1 sensitized radioresistant cells to irradiation, suggesting that the ERp57-STAT3-Mcl-1 axis regulates radioresistance of laryngeal cancer cells. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between ERp57 and phosphorylated STAT3 or Mcl-1 and in vivo interactions between ERp57 and STAT3 in human laryngeal cancer. Importantly, we also found that increased ERp57-STAT3 complex was associated with poor prognosis in human laryngeal cancer, indicating the prognostic role of ERp57-STAT3 regulation. Overall, our data suggest that ERp57-STAT3 regulation functions in radioresistance of laryngeal cancer, and targeting the ERp57-STAT3 pathway might be important for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy in human laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ho Choe
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Won Min
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Bae Jeon
- Biomedical Research Institute, MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Molecular-Targeted Drug Research Center and Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Shishkin SS, Eremina LS, Kovalev LI, Kovaleva MA. AGR2, ERp57/GRP58, and some other human protein disulfide isomerases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1415-30. [PMID: 24490732 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791313004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review considers the major features of human proteins AGR2 and ERp57/GRP58 and of other members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. The ability of both AGR2 and ERp57/GRP58 to catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins is the parameter most important for assigning them to a PDI family. Moreover, these proteins and also other members of the PDI family have specific structural features (thioredoxin-like domains, special C-terminal motifs characteristic for proteins localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, etc.) that are necessary for their assignment to a PDI family. Data demonstrating the role of these two proteins in carcinogenesis are analyzed. Special attention is given to data indicating the presence of biomarker features in AGR2 and ERp57/GRP58. It is now thought that there is sufficient reason for studies of AGR2 and ERp57/GRP58 for possible use of these proteins in diagnosis of tumors. There are also prospects for studies on AGR2 and ERp57/GRP58 leading to developments in chemotherapy. Thus, we suppose that further studies on different members of the PDI family using modern postgenomic technologies will broaden current concepts about functions of these proteins, and this will be helpful for solution of urgent biomedical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Shishkin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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17
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Liao CJ, Wu TI, Huang YH, Chang TC, Lai CH, Jung SM, Hsueh C, Lin KH. Glucose-regulated protein 58 modulates β-catenin protein stability in a cervical adenocarcinoma cell line. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:555. [PMID: 25081282 PMCID: PMC4129111 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer continues to threaten women's health worldwide, and the incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma (AD) is rising in the developed countries. Previously, we showed that glucose-regulated protein 58 (Grp58) served as an independent factor predictive of poor prognosis of patients with cervical AD. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of Grp58 in cervical carcinogenesis is currently unknown. METHODS DNA microarray and enrichment analysis were used to identify the pathways disrupted by knockdown of Grp58 expression. RESULTS Among the pathway identified, the WNT signaling pathway was one of those that were significantly associated with knockdown of Grp58 expression in HeLa cells. Our experiments showed that β-catenin, a critical effector of WNT signaling, was stabilized thereby accumulated in stable Grp58 knockdown cells. Membrane localization of β-catenin was observed in Grp58 knockdown, but not control cells. Using a transwell assay, we found that accumulated β-catenin induced by Grp58 knockdown or lithium chloride treatment inhibited the migration ability of HeLa cells. Furthermore, an inverse expression pattern of Grp58 and β-catenin was observed in cervical tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that β-catenin stability is negatively regulated by Grp58 in HeLa cells. Overexpression of Grp58 may be responsible for the loss of or decrease in membranous β-catenin expression in cervical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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18
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Burniston JG, Kenyani J, Gray D, Guadagnin E, Jarman IH, Cobley JN, Cuthbertson DJ, Chen YW, Wastling JM, Lisboa PJ, Koch LG, Britton SL. Conditional independence mapping of DIGE data reveals PDIA3 protein species as key nodes associated with muscle aerobic capacity. J Proteomics 2014; 106:230-45. [PMID: 24769234 PMCID: PMC4150023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Profiling of protein species is important because gene polymorphisms, splice variations and post-translational modifications may combine and give rise to multiple protein species that have different effects on cellular function. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is one of the most robust methods for differential analysis of protein species, but bioinformatic interrogation is challenging because the consequences of changes in the abundance of individual protein species on cell function are unknown and cannot be predicted. We conducted DIGE of soleus muscle from male and female rats artificially selected as either high- or low-capacity runners (HCR and LCR, respectively). In total 696 protein species were resolved and LC–MS/MS identified proteins in 337 spots. Forty protein species were differentially (P < 0.05, FDR < 10%) expressed between HCR and LCR and conditional independence mapping found distinct networks within these data, which brought insight beyond that achieved by functional annotation. Protein disulphide isomerase A3 emerged as a key node segregating with differences in aerobic capacity and unsupervised bibliometric analysis highlighted further links to signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which were confirmed by western blotting. Thus, conditional independence mapping is a useful technique for interrogating DIGE data that is capable of highlighting latent features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Jenna Kenyani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Nuffield Building, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Donna Gray
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Center, University Hospital Anitree, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Eleonora Guadagnin
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Ian H Jarman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - James N Cobley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Daniel J Cuthbertson
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences Center, University Hospital Anitree, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jonathan M Wastling
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Paulo J Lisboa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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19
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Doroudi M, Chen J, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. New insights on membrane mediated effects of 1α,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 signaling in the musculoskeletal system. Steroids 2014; 81:81-7. [PMID: 24291576 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] acts on cells via classical steroid hormone receptor-mediated gene transcription and by initiating rapid membrane-mediated signaling pathways. Two receptors have been implicated to play roles in 1α,25(OH)2D3 mediated rapid signaling, the classical nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) and protein disulfide isomerase, family A, member 3 (Pdia3). Long term efforts to investigate the roles of these two receptors demonstrated thatPdia3 is located in caveolae, where it interacts with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activating protein (PLAA) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to initiate rapid signaling via Ca(++)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), PLA2, phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and ultimately the ERK1/2 family of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK). VDR is present on the plasma membrane, and it is required for 1α,25(OH)2D3 induced rapid activation of Src. PDIA3+/- mice demonstrate an impaired musculoskeletal phenotype. Moreover, our studies examining mineralization of pre-osteoblasts in 3D culture have shown the physiological importance of Pdia3 and VDR interaction: knockdown of Pdia3 or VDR is characterized by impaired mineralization of the constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Doroudi
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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20
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Halloran M, Parakh S, Atkin JD. The role of s-nitrosylation and s-glutathionylation of protein disulphide isomerase in protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. Int J Cell Biol 2013; 2013:797914. [PMID: 24348565 PMCID: PMC3852308 DOI: 10.1155/2013/797914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve the progressive loss of neurons, and a pathological hallmark is the presence of abnormal inclusions containing misfolded proteins. Although the precise molecular mechanisms triggering neurodegeneration remain unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress, and protein misfolding are important features in pathogenesis. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is the prototype of a family of molecular chaperones and foldases upregulated during ER stress that are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. PDI catalyzes the rearrangement and formation of disulphide bonds, thus facilitating protein folding, and in neurodegeneration may act to ameliorate the burden of protein misfolding. However, an aberrant posttranslational modification of PDI, S-nitrosylation, inhibits its protective function in these conditions. S-nitrosylation is a redox-mediated modification that regulates protein function by covalent addition of nitric oxide- (NO-) containing groups to cysteine residues. Here, we discuss the evidence for abnormal S-nitrosylation of PDI (SNO-PDI) in neurodegeneration and how this may be linked to another aberrant modification of PDI, S-glutathionylation. Understanding the role of aberrant S-nitrosylation/S-glutathionylation of PDI in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases may provide insights into novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Halloran
- Department of Neuroscience in the School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - S. Parakh
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - J. D. Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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21
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Modulation of H+,K+-ATPase activity by the molecular chaperone ERp57 highly expressed in gastric parietal cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3898-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Chen J, Lobachev KS, Grindel BJ, Farach-Carson MC, Hyzy SL, El-Baradie KB, Olivares-Navarrete R, Doroudi M, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Chaperone properties of pdia3 participate in rapid membrane actions of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1065-77. [PMID: 23660595 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3 (Pdia3) mediates many of the plasma membrane (PM)-associated rapid responses to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25[OH]2D3). It is not well understood how Pdia3, which is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, functions as a PM receptor for 1α,25(OH)2D3. We mutated 3 amino acids (K214 and R282 in the calreticulin interaction site and C406 in the isomerase catalytic site), which are important for Pdia3's ER chaperone function, and examined their role in responses to 1α,25(OH)2D3. Pdia3 constructs with and without the ER retention signal KDEL were used to investigate the PM requirement for Pdia3. Finally, we determined whether palmitoylation and/or myristoylation were required for Pdia3-mediated responses to 1α,25(OH)2D3. Overexpressing the Pdia3 R282A mutant in MC3T3-E1 cells increased PM phospholipase A2-activating protein, Rous sarcoma oncogene (c-Src), and caveolin-1 but blocked increases in 1α,25(OH)2D3-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) seen in cells overexpressing wild-type Pdia3 (Pdia3Ovr cells). Cells overexpressing Pdia3 with K214A and C406S mutations had PKC activity comparable to untreated controls, indicating that the native response to 1α,25(OH)2D3 also was blocked. Overexpressing Pdia3[-KDEL] increased PM localization and augmented baseline PKC, but the stimulatory effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 was comparable to that seen in wild-type cultures. In contrast, 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased prostaglandin E2 in Pdia3[±KDEL] cells. Although neither palmitoylation nor myristoylation was required for PM association of Pdia3, myristoylation was needed for PKC activation. These data indicate that both the chaperone functional domains and the subcellular location of Pdia3 control rapid membrane responses to 1α,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Chen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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23
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Čiplys E, Žitkus E, Slibinskas R. Native signal peptide of human ERp57 disulfide isomerase mediates secretion of active native recombinant ERp57 protein in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:131-5. [PMID: 23528814 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human ERp57 protein is disulfide isomerase, facilitating proper folding of glycoprotein precursors in the concert with ER lectin chaperones calreticulin and calnexin. Growing amount of data also associates ERp57 with many different functions in subcellular locations outside the ER. Analysis of protein functions requires substantial amounts of correctly folded, biologically active protein, and in this study we introduce yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a perfect host for production of human ERp57. Our data suggest that native signal peptide of human ERp57 protein is recognized and correctly processed in the yeast cells, which leads to protein secretion. Secreted recombinant ERp57 protein possesses native amino acid sequence and is biologically active. Moreover, secretion allows simple one-step purification of recombinant ERp57 protein with the yields reaching up to 10mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Čiplys
- Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology, V.A. Graiciuno 8, LT-02241 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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24
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Pendyala G, Ninemire C, Fox HS. Protective role for the disulfide isomerase PDIA3 in methamphetamine neurotoxicity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38909. [PMID: 22715419 PMCID: PMC3371042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse continues to be a worldwide problem, damaging the individual user as well as society. Only minimal information exists on molecular changes in the brain that result from methamphetamine administered in patterns typical of human abusers. In order to investigate such changes, we examined the effect of methamphetamine on the transcriptional profile in brains of monkeys. Gene expression profiling of caudate and hippocampus identified protein disulfide isomerase family member A3 (PDIA3) to be significantly up-regulated in the animals treated with methamphetamine as compared to saline treated control monkeys. Methamphetamine treatment of mice also increased striatal PDIA3 expression. Treatment of primary striatal neurons with methamphetamine revealed an up-regulation of PDIA3, showing a direct effect of methamphetamine on neurons to increase PDIA3. In vitro studies using a neuroblastoma cell line demonstrated that PDIA3 expression protects against methamphetamine-induced cell toxicity and methamphetamine-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, revealing a neuroprotective role for PDIA3. The current study implicates PDIA3 to be an important cellular neuroprotective mechanism against a toxic drug, and as a potential target for therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurudutt Pendyala
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Carly Ninemire
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zhao XJ, Tang RZ, Wang ML, Guo WL, Liu J, Li L, Xing WJ. Distribution of PDIA3 transcript and protein in rat testis and sperm cells. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:59-63. [PMID: 23317155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase family A3 (PDIA3) has an activity of thioredoxin, widely expressed in multiple tissues and involved in multiple cellular processes. It was recently found in human and mouse sperm cells and could affect sperm-egg fusion. Therefore, the present investigation aims to identify PDIA3 mRNA and protein in rat testis and sperm cells. Rat PDIA3 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR. The cRNA riboprobe was transcribed from PDIA3 cDNA and was used to display PDIA3 mRNA location in rat testes by in situ hybridization. PDIA3 protein distribution was also observed in testis and sperm cells by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The rat PDIA3 transcript and protein were localized in the cells from spermatocytes to the spermatozoa phases of rat testes, mostly in the pachytene spermatocytes. PDIA3 protein was also observed on the intact sperm membrane including the tail. The rat PDIA3 gene is transcribed and translated through the whole spermatogenesis process, and the PDIA3 protein is spread all over the sperm cell membrane. The results provide some primary information about PDIA3 in testis and sperm for further study on PDIA3 function in rat spermatogenesis and sperm-egg fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mammalian Reproduction Biology and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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26
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Casadei L, Vallorani L, Gioacchini AM, Guescini M, Burattini S, D'Emilio A, Biagiotti L, Falcieri E, Stocchi V. Proteomics-based investigation in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Eur J Histochem 2012; 53:e31. [PMID: 22073363 PMCID: PMC3167332 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2009.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cell differentiation is a multistage process extensively studied over the years. Even if great improvements have been achieved in defining biological process underlying myogenesis, many molecular mechanisms need still to be clarified. To further highlight this process, we studied cells at undifferentiated, intermediate and highly differentiated stages, and we analyzed, for each condition, morphological and proteomic changes. We also identified the proteins that showed statistical significant changes by a ESI-Q-TOF mass spectrometer. This work provides further evidence of the involvement of particular proteins in skeletal muscle development. Furthermore, the high level of expression of many heat shock proteins, suggests a relationship between differentiation and cellular stress. Intriguingly, the discovery of myogenesis-correlated proteins, known to play a role in apoptosis, suggests a link between differentiation and this type of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Casadei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Italy
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27
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Holbrook LM, Sasikumar P, Stanley RG, Simmonds AD, Bicknell AB, Gibbins JM. The platelet-surface thiol isomerase enzyme ERp57 modulates platelet function. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:278-88. [PMID: 22168334 PMCID: PMC3444690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiol isomerases are a family of endoplasmic reticulum enzymes which orchestrate redox-based modifications of protein disulphide bonds. Previous studies have identified important roles for the thiol isomerases PDI and ERp5 in the regulation of normal platelet function. AIM Recently, we demonstrated the presence of a further five thiol isomerases at the platelet surface. In this report we aim to report the role of one of these enzymes - ERp57 in the regulation of platelet function. METHODS/RESULTS Using enzyme activity function blocking antibodies, we demonstrate a role for ERp57 in platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion, fibrinogen binding, calcium mobilisation and thrombus formation under arterial conditions. In addition to the effects of ERp57 on isolated platelets, we observe the presence of ERp57 in the developing thrombus in vivo. Furthermore the inhibition of ERp57 function was found to reduce laser-injury induced arterial thrombus formation in a murine model of thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that ERp57 is important for normal platelet function and opens up the possibility that the regulation of platelet function by a range of cell surface thiol isomerases may represent a broad paradigm for the regulation of haemostasis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-M Holbrook
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.
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Grindel BJ, Rohe B, Safford SE, Bennett JJ, Farach-Carson MC. Tumor necrosis factor-α treatment of HepG2 cells mobilizes a cytoplasmic pool of ERp57/1,25D₃-MARRS to the nucleus. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2606-15. [PMID: 21598303 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ERp57/PDIA3/1,25-MARRS has diverse functions and multiple cellular locations in various cell types. While classically described as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein, ERp57 has a nuclear location sequence (NLS) and can enter the nucleus from the cytosol to alter transcription of target genes. Dysregulation and variable expression of ERp57 is associated with a variety of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the dynamic mobility of ERp57 in an HCC cell line, HepG2, to better understand the movement and function of the non-ER resident pool of ERp57. Subcellular fractionation indicated ERp57 is highly expressed in the ER with a smaller cytoplasmic pool in HepG2 cells. Utilizing an ERp57 green fluorescent protein fusion construct created with and without a secretory signal sequence, we found that cytoplasmic ERp57 translocated to the nucleus within 15 min after tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) treatment. Protein kinase C activators including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and phorbol myristate acetate did not trigger nuclear translocation of ERp57, indicating translocation is PKC independent. To determine if an interaction between the rel homology binding domain in ERp57 and the nuclear factor-κB subunit, p65, occurred after TNF-α treatment and could account for nuclear movement, co-immunoprecipitation was performed under control and conditions that stabilized labile disulfide bonds. No support for a functional interaction between p65 and ERp57 after TNF-α treatment was found in either case. Immunostaining for both ERp57-GFP and p65 after TNF-α treatment indicated that nuclear translocation of these two proteins occurs independently in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Grindel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Liao CJ, Wu TI, Huang YH, Chang TC, Wang CS, Tsai MM, Lai CH, Liang Y, Jung SM, Lin KH. Glucose-regulated protein 58 modulates cell invasiveness and serves as a prognostic marker for cervical cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 102:2255-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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ERp57/GRP58: a protein with multiple functions. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2011; 16:539-63. [PMID: 21837552 PMCID: PMC6275603 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-011-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein ERp57/GRP58 is a stress-responsive protein and a component of the protein disulfide isomerase family. Its functions in the endoplasmic reticulum are well known, concerning mainly the proper folding and quality control of glycoproteins, and participation in the assembly of the major histocompatibility complex class 1. However, ERp57 is present in many other subcellular locations, where it is involved in a variety of functions, primarily suggested by its participation in complexes with other proteins and even with DNA. While in some instances these roles need to be confirmed by further studies, a great number of observations support the participation of ERp57 in signal transduction from the cell surface, in regulatory processes taking place in the nucleus, and in multimeric protein complexes involved in DNA repair.
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Xu D, Cui S, Sun Y, Bao G, Li W, Liu W, Zhu X, Fan J, Wang Y, Cui Z. Overexpression of glucose-regulated protein 94 after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurol Sci 2011; 309:141-7. [PMID: 21807380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 94 is a member of the stress protein family, which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced ER stress that results in apoptosis. However, the role of GRP94 in injury of the central nervous system remains unknown. In this study, we performed SCI in adult rats and investigated acutely the protein expression and cellular localization of GRP94 in the spinal cord. Western blot analysis revealed that GRP94 was low in normal spinal cord. It rose at 6h after SCI, peaked at 1 day, remained for another 3 days, then declined to basal levels at 5 days after injury. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed that GRP94 immunoactivity was expressed at low levels in gray matter and white matter in normal condition and increased after SCI. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that GRP94 was co-expressed with NeuN (neuronal marker), and GFAP (astroglial marker). In addition, caspase-12, caspase-3 and phospho-c-Jun NH2-kinase (p-JNK) levels increased at 6h, peaked at 1day, and then gradually reduced to normal levels for 2 weeks after SCI by western blot analysis. Co-localization of GRP94/caspase-12 and GRP94/p-JNK was detected in neurons and glial cells. Taken together, these data suggest GRP94 involvement in the injury response of the adult spinal cord of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Yeoh LC, Dharmaraj S, Gooi BH, Singh M, Gam LH. Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2096-103. [PMID: 21547128 PMCID: PMC3084394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i16.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.
METHODS: A Proteomic approach was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between CRC and normal tissues. The proteins were extracted using Tris buffer and thiourea lysis buffer (TLB) for extraction of aqueous soluble and membrane-associated proteins, respectively. Chemometrics, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were used to assess the usefulness of these proteins for identifying the cancerous state of tissues.
RESULTS: Differentially expressed proteins identified were 37 aqueous soluble proteins in Tris extracts and 24 membrane-associated proteins in TLB extracts. Based on the protein spots intensity on 2D-gel images, PCA by applying an eigenvalue > 1 was successfully used to reduce the number of principal components (PCs) into 12 and seven PCs for Tris and TLB extracts, respectively, and subsequently six PCs, respectively from both the extracts were used for LDA. The LDA classification for Tris extract showed 82.7% of original samples were correctly classified, whereas 82.7% were correctly classified for the cross-validated samples. The LDA for TLB extract showed that 78.8% of original samples and 71.2% of the cross-validated samples were correctly classified.
CONCLUSION: The classification of CRC tissues by PCA and LDA provided a promising distinction between normal and cancer types. These methods can possibly be used for identification of potential biomarkers among the differentially expressed proteins identified.
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Lv LX, Ujisguleng B, Orhontana B, Lian WB, Xing WJ. Molecular cloning of sheep and cashmere goat Pdia3 and localization in sheep testis. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:980-9. [PMID: 21382104 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase family A3 (PDIA3) is a member of the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) family and is multifunctional in many processes. Recently, it has been confirmed as a sperm membrane component and is implicated in sperm-egg fusion under which the molecular mechanism is still obscure. Protein disulphide isomerase family A3 cDNA has been cloned in several mammals; however, goat and sheep counterparts have not been identified. To facilitate the studies on the potential function of PDIA3 protein in sperm-egg fusion in sheep and goat, we cloned the cDNA encoding for Pdia3 of sheep (Ovis aries) and cashmere goat (Capra hircus) and studied its transcript and protein localization in sheep testis. The cloned sheep and cashmere goat Pdia3 cDNA are 1660 bp and 1591 bp, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that sheep and goat Pdia3 cDNA both have a coding region of 1518 bp with the same nucleotides encoding the same 505 amino acids. The predicted peptide, with two typical motifs of Trp-Cys-Gly-His-Cys-Lys (WCGHCK) which is a hallmark of the PDI family, has high homology to that of bovine (99.21%), human (95.05%), rat (89.50%) and mouse (90.89%). Protein disulphide isomerase family A3 protein was observed in cells of various stages of spermatogenesis, from the primary spermatocyte to spermatozoa phases, as well as in the Leydig cells. It was observed in the entire sheep spermatozoa and mostly at the equatorial segment and the forepart of the flagellum. The Pdia3 mRNA was detected over the seminiferous epithelium in all stages of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Lv
- The key laboratory of mammalian reproduction biology and technology of ministry of education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Pedone E, Limauro D, D’Ambrosio K, De Simone G, Bartolucci S. Multiple catalytically active thioredoxin folds: a winning strategy for many functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:3797-814. [PMID: 20625793 PMCID: PMC11115506 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Thioredoxin (Trx) fold is a versatile protein scaffold consisting of a four-stranded β-sheet surrounded by three α-helices. Various insertions are possible on this structural theme originating different proteins, which show a variety of functions and specificities. During evolution, the assembly of different Trx fold domains has been used many times to build new multi-domain proteins able to perform a large number of catalytic functions. To clarify the interaction mode of the different Trx domains within a multi-domain structure and how their combination can affect catalytic performances, in this review, we report on a structural and functional analysis of the most representative proteins containing more than one catalytically active Trx domain: the eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs), the thermophilic protein disulfide oxidoreductases (PDOs) and the hybrid peroxiredoxins (Prxs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Danila Limauro
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Katia D’Ambrosio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Ca2+ is a universal signalling molecule that affects a variety of cellular processes including cardiac development. The majority of intracellular Ca2+ is stored in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle and non-muscle cells. Calreticulin is a well studied Ca2+-buffering protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, and calreticulin deficiency is embryonic lethal due to impaired cardiac development. Despite calsequestrin being the most abundant Ca2+-buffering protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, viability is maintained in embryos without calsequestrin and normal Ca2+ release and contractile function is observed. The Ca2+ homeostasis regulated by the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum is critical for the development and proper function of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dukgyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G2H7
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36
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Akazawa YO, Saito Y, Nishio K, Horie M, Kinumi T, Masuo Y, Yoshida Y, Ashida H, Niki E. Proteomic characterization of the striatum and midbrain treated with 6-hydroxydopamine: alteration of 58-kDa glucose-regulated protein and C/EBP homologous protein. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:410-21. [PMID: 20109102 DOI: 10.3109/10715760903536349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study performed proteomic analysis of the midbrain and striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated neonatal rats--a model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Proteomic analysis revealed that a 58-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp58) was temporarily phosphorylated and its level was elevated by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, 6-OHDA increased the expression level of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a mediator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, in the midbrain and striatum. In vitro experiments using PC12 cells revealed that 6-OHDA or hydrogen peroxide could induce the elevation of Grp58 and CHOP. 6-OHDA could induce the elevation of Grp58 and CHOP in the presence of catalase, a hydrogen peroxide-removing enzyme, suggesting that the elevation of Grp58 and CHOP are induced by both hydrogen peroxide and p-quinone generated by 6-OHDA. Collectively, these findings suggest that ER stress involving the alteration of Grp58 and CHOP play a significant role in the induction of insults by 6-OHDA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ogawa Akazawa
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Kansai Center, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
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37
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Akama K, Horikoshi T, Sugiyama A, Nakahata S, Akitsu A, Niwa N, Intoh A, Kakui Y, Sugaya M, Takei K, Imaizumi N, Sato T, Matsumoto R, Iwahashi H, Kashiwabara SI, Baba T, Nakamura M, Toda T. Protein disulfide isomerase-P5, down-regulated in the final stage of boar epididymal sperm maturation, catalyzes disulfide formation to inhibit protein function in oxidative refolding of reduced denatured lysozyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1272-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Coe H, Jung J, Groenendyk J, Prins D, Michalak M. ERp57 modulates STAT3 signaling from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:6725-38. [PMID: 20022947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.054015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ERp57 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident thiol disulfide oxidoreductase. Using the gene trap technique, we created a ERp57-deficient mouse model. Targeted deletion of the Pdia3 gene, which encodes ERp57, in mice is embryonic lethal at embryonic day (E) 13.5. Beta-galactosidase reporter gene analysis revealed that ERp57 is expressed early on during blastocyst formation with the highest expression in the inner cell mass. In early stages of mouse embryonic development (E11.5) there is a relatively low level of expression of ERp57. As the embryos developed, ERp57 became highly expressed in both the brain and the lungs (E15.5 and E18.5). The absence of ERp57 has no impact on ER morphology; expression of ER-associated chaperones and folding enzymes, ER stress, or apoptosis. ERp57 has been reported to interact with STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription)-DNA complexes. We show here that STAT3-dependent signaling is increased in the absence of ERp57 and this can be rescued by expression of ER-targeted ERp57 but not by cytoplasmic-targeted protein, indicating that ERp57 affects STAT3 signaling from the lumen of the ER. ERp57 effects on STAT3 signaling are enhanced by ER luminal complex formation between ERp57 and calreticulin. In conclusion, we show that ERp57 deficiency in mouse is embryonic lethal at E13.5 and ERp57-dependent modulation of STAT3 signaling may contribute to this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Coe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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39
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Tamang DL, Alves BN, Elliott V, Redelman D, Wadhwa R, Fraser SA, Hudig D. Regulation of perforin lysis: implications for protein disulfide isomerase proteins. Cell Immunol 2009; 255:82-92. [PMID: 19147124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Perforin, a membrane-permeabilizing protein, is important to T cell cytotoxic action. Perforin has potential to damage the T cell in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is sequestered in granules, and later is exocytosed to kill cells. In the ER and after exocytosis, calcium and pH favor perforin activity. We found a novel perforin inhibitor associated with cytotoxic T cell granules and termed it Cytotoxic Regulatory Protein 2 (CxRP2). CxRP2 blocked lysis by granule extracts, recombinant perforin and T cells. Its effects lasted for hours. CxRP2 was calcium stable and refractory to inhibitors of granzyme and cathepsin proteases. Through mass spectrometric analysis of active 50-100 kDa proteins, we identified CxRP2 candidates. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 was the strongest candidate but was unavailable for testing; however, protein disulfide isomerase A1 had CxRP2 activity. Our results indicate that protein disulfide isomerases, in the ER or elsewhere, may protect T cells from their own perforin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Tamang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology MS320, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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40
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Adikesavan AK, Unni E, Jaiswal AK. RETRACTED: Overlapping signal sequences control nuclear localization and endoplasmic reticulum retention of GRP58. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:407-412. [PMID: 18851953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).
The University of Maryland, Baltimore conducted an internal investigation which found that the article was compromised and a preponderance of evidence supports retraction of the publication in order to correct the scientific record and ensure its integrity.
The Editor-in-Chief has decided to retract this article. This article has been found to contain manipulated and enhanced figures, namely figures 1D and 1E, 4A and 4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbu Karani Adikesavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emmanual Unni
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anil K Jaiswal
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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41
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Panaretakis T, Joza N, Modjtahedi N, Tesniere A, Vitale I, Durchschlag M, Fimia GM, Kepp O, Piacentini M, Froehlich KU, van Endert P, Zitvogel L, Madeo F, Kroemer G. The co-translocation of ERp57 and calreticulin determines the immunogenicity of cell death. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:1499-509. [PMID: 18464797 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of calreticulin (CRT) on the plasma membrane can precede anthracycline-induced apoptosis and is required for cell death to be perceived as immunogenic. Mass spectroscopy, immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CRT co-translocates to the surface with another endoplasmic reticulum-sessile protein, the disulfide isomerase ERp57. The knockout and knockdown of CRT or ERp57 inhibited the anthracycline-induced translocation of ERp57 or CRT, respectively. CRT point mutants that fail to interact with ERp57 were unable to restore ERp57 translocation upon transfection into crt(-/-) cells, underscoring that a direct interaction between CRT and ERp57 is strictly required for their co-translocation to the surface. ERp57(low) tumor cells generated by retroviral introduction of an ERp57-specific shRNA exhibited a normal apoptotic response to anthracyclines in vitro, yet were resistant to anthracycline treatment in vivo. Moreover, ERp57(low) cancer cells (which failed to expose CRT) treated with anthracyclines were unable to elicit an anti-tumor response in conditions in which control cells were highly immunogenic. The failure of ERp57(low) cells to elicit immune responses and to respond to chemotherapy could be overcome by exogenous supply of recombinant CRT protein. These results indicate that tumors that possess an intrinsic defect in the CRT-translocating machinery become resistant to anthracycline chemotherapy due to their incapacity to elicit an anti-cancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Panaretakis
- INSERM, Unit 848 'Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', F-94805 Villejuif, France
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42
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Dooley GP, Reardon KF, Prenni JE, Tjalkens RB, Legare ME, Foradori CD, Tessari JE, Hanneman WH. Proteomic Analysis of Diaminochlorotriazine Adducts in Wister Rat Pituitary Glands and LβT2 Rat Pituitary Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:844-51. [DOI: 10.1021/tx700386f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Dooley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - K. F. Reardon
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - J. E. Prenni
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - R. B. Tjalkens
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - M. E. Legare
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - C. D. Foradori
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - J. E. Tessari
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - W. H. Hanneman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Anatomy and Neurobiology Section, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
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Adikesavan AK, Jaiswal AK. Thioredoxin-like domains required for glucose regulatory protein 58 mediated reductive activation of mitomycin C leading to DNA cross-linking. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 6:2719-27. [PMID: 17938265 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose regulatory protein (GRP58) is known to mediate mitomycin C (MMC)-induced DNA cross-linking. However, the mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that thioredoxin-like domains, one at NH2 terminus and another at COOH terminus, are required for GRP58-mediated MMC reductive activation leading to DNA cross-linking. Site-directed mutagenesis mutated cysteines in thioredoxin domains to serines. Wild-type (WT) and mutant GRP58 were cloned in pcDNA to produce GRP58 V5-tagged WT and mutant proteins on transfection in mammalian cells. Human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cells transiently expressing and Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing WT and mutant GRP58 were analyzed for MMC-induced DNA cross-linking. WT GRP58 was highly efficient in MMC-induced DNA cross-linking. However, both NH2- and COOH-terminal thioredoxin mutants showed significant reduction in MMC-induced DNA cross-linking. The coexpression of GRP58 with thioredoxin reductase 1 and/or treatment of cells with NADPH increased MMC-induced DNA cross-linking from the WT GRP58. In similar experiments, siRNA inhibition of thioredoxin reductase 1 led to decreased MMC-induced DNA cross-linking. Further experiments revealed that mutations in thioredoxin domains led to significant decrease in metabolic reductive activation of MMC. These results led to conclusion that GRP58, through its two thioredoxin-like domains, functions as a reductase leading to bioreductive drug MMC activation and DNA cross-linking.
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44
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Hebert DN, Molinari M. In and out of the ER: protein folding, quality control, degradation, and related human diseases. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:1377-408. [PMID: 17928587 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00050.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial fraction of eukaryotic gene products are synthesized by ribosomes attached at the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. These polypeptides enter cotranslationally in the ER lumen, which contains resident molecular chaperones and folding factors that assist their maturation. Native proteins are released from the ER lumen and are transported through the secretory pathway to their final intra- or extracellular destination. Folding-defective polypeptides are exported across the ER membrane into the cytosol and destroyed. Cellular and organismal homeostasis relies on a balanced activity of the ER folding, quality control, and degradation machineries as shown by the dozens of human diseases related to defective maturation or disposal of individual polypeptides generated in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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45
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Oxidation of Prx2 and phosphorylation of GRP58 by angiotensin II in human coronary smooth muscle cells identified by 2D-DIGE analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:822-30. [PMID: 17964282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To study early changes in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced signaling with post-translational modifications, we analyzed proteins from cultured human coronary smooth muscle cells stimulated with Ang II, using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with ProQ Diamond and SYPRO Ruby staining, followed by mass spectrometry or Western blotting. Among 40 proteins identified, peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) was oxidized and 58 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP58) was phosphorylated after 5 min of Ang II (1 microM) stimulation. Valsartan, a selective Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, and N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, inhibited both of these modifications, indicating the contribution of AT1 receptor and reactive oxygen species to oxidation of Prx2 and phosphorylation of GRP58 by Ang II.
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Jesnowski R, Zubakov D, Faissner R, Ringel J, Hoheisel JD, Lösel R, Schnölzer M, Löhr M. Genes and proteins differentially expressed during in vitro malignant transformation of bovine pancreatic duct cells. Neoplasia 2007; 9:136-46. [PMID: 17356710 PMCID: PMC1819583 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma has an extremely bad prognosis due to lack of early diagnostic markers and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, we have established an in vitro model recapitulating the first steps in the carcinogenesis of the pancreas. SV40 large T antigen-immortalized bovine pancreatic duct cells formed intrapancreatic adenocarcinoma tumors on k-ras(mut) transfection after orthotopic injection in the nude mouse pancreas. Here we identified genes and proteins differentially expressed in the course of malignant transformation using reciprocal suppression subtractive hybridization and 2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, respectively. We identified 34 differentially expressed genes, expressed sequence tags, and 15 unique proteins. Differential expression was verified for some of the genes or proteins in samples from pancreatic carcinoma. Among these genes and proteins, the majority had already been described either to be influenced by a mutated ras or to be differentially expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, thus proving the feasibility of our model. Other genes and proteins (e.g., BBC1, GLTSCR2, and rhoGDIalpha), up to now, have not been implicated in pancreatic tumor development. Thus, we were able to establish an in vitro model of pancreatic carcinogenesis, which enabled us to identify genes and proteins differentially expressed during the early steps of malignant transformation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/physiology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cattle
- Cell Line, Transformed/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Progression
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, ras
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Pancreatic Ducts/cytology
- Pancreatic Ducts/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatitis/genetics
- Pancreatitis/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Subtraction Technique
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jesnowski
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Gastroenterology (E180), German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg and Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Grillo C, D'Ambrosio C, Consalvi V, Chiaraluce R, Scaloni A, Maceroni M, Eufemi M, Altieri F. DNA-binding Activity of the ERp57 C-terminal Domain Is Related to a Redox-dependent Conformational Change. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10299-310. [PMID: 17283067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700966200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ERp57, a member of the protein-disulfide isomerase family, although mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum is here shown to have a nuclear distribution. We previously showed the DNA-binding properties of ERp57, its association with the internal nuclear matrix, and identified the C-terminal region, containing the a' domain, as being directly involved in the DNA-binding activity. In this work, we demonstrate that its DNA-binding properties are strongly dependent on the redox state of the a' domain active site. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments on the first cysteine residue of the -CGHC-thioredoxin-like active site lead to a mutant domain (C406S) lacking DNA-binding activity. Biochemical studies on the recombinant domain revealed a conformational change associated with the redox-dependent formation of a homodimer, having two disulfide bridges between the cysteine residues of two a' domain active sites. The formation of intermolecular disulfide bridges rather than intramolecular oxidation of active site cysteines is important to generate species with DNA-binding properties. Thus, in the absence of any dedicated motif within the protein sequence, this structural rearrangement might be responsible for the DNA-binding properties of the C-terminal domain. Moreover, NADH-dependent thioredoxin reductase is active on intermolecular disulfides of the a' domain, allowing the control of dimeric protein content as well as its DNA-binding activity. A similar behavior was also observed for whole ERp57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Grillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology and Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
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48
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Grillo C, D'Ambrosio C, Scaloni A, Maceroni M, Merluzzi S, Turano C, Altieri F. Cooperative activity of Ref-1/APE and ERp57 in reductive activation of transcription factors. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1113-23. [PMID: 16962936 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ERp57, a protein disulfide isomerase localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, has also been found in lesser amounts in the cytosol and nucleus, where its function is still not characterized. We report here that ERp57 displays affinity for Ref-1, a protein involved in DNA repair as well as in the reduction and activation of transcription factors. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Ref-1 and ERp57 also interact in vivo in at least three types of cultured human cells, namely HepG2, M14, and Raji. Oxidative stress increased the amount of nuclear Ref-1 associated with ERp57. Moreover, ERp57 reduced by the thioredoxin-reductase/thioredoxin system stimulated the binding of AP-1 to its consensus sequence on DNA, and HeLa cells stably transfected and overexpressing ERp57 were protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell killing. Accordingly, ERp57 appears to cooperate with Ref-1 in the regulation of gene expression mediated by redox-sensitive transcription factors and in the adaptive response of the cell to oxidative insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Grillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, University La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kozlov G, Maattanen P, Schrag JD, Pollock S, Cygler M, Nagar B, Thomas DY, Gehring K. Crystal Structure of the bb′ Domains of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase ERp57. Structure 2006; 14:1331-9. [PMID: 16905107 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2006.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 06/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is limited by the rate of correct disulfide bond formation. This process is carried out by protein disulfide isomerases, a family of ER proteins which includes general enzymes such as PDI that recognize unfolded proteins and others that are selective for specific proteins or classes. Using small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray crystallography, we report the structure of a selective isomerase, ERp57, and its interactions with the lectin chaperone calnexin. Using isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy, we show that the b' domain of ERp57 binds calnexin with micromolar affinity through a conserved patch of basic residues. Disruption of this binding site by mutagenesis abrogates folding of RNase B in an in vitro assay. The relative positions of the ERp57 catalytic sites and calnexin binding site suggest that activation by calnexin is due to substrate recruitment rather than a direct stimulation of ERp57 oxidoreductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guennadi Kozlov
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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50
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Chambery A, Farina A, Di Maro A, Rossi M, Abbondanza C, Moncharmont B, Malorni L, Cacace G, Pocsfalvi G, Malorni A, Parente A. Proteomic analysis of MCF-7 cell lines expressing the zinc-finger or the proline-rich domain of retinoblastoma-interacting-zinc-finger protein. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1176-85. [PMID: 16674107 DOI: 10.1021/pr0504743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To identify a growth-promoting activity related to retinoblastoma-interacting-zinc-finger (RIZ) protein, differential protein expression of MCF-7 cell lines expressing the zinc-finger or the proline-rich domain of RIZ protein was analyzed by a robust bottom-up mass-spectrometry proteomic approach. Spots corresponding to qualitative and quantitative differences in protein expression have been selected and identified. Some of these proteins have been previously reported as being associated with different types of carcinomas or involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Knowledge of specific differentially expressed proteins by MCF-7-derived cell lines expressing RIZ different domains will provide the basis for identifying a growth-promoting activity related to RIZ gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, I-81100 Caserta, Italy
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