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Liu Y, Li Z, Li H, Wan S, Tang S. Bacillus pumilus TS1 alleviates Salmonella Enteritidis-induced intestinal injury in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:41. [PMID: 36759839 PMCID: PMC9912683 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current context of reduced and limited antibiotic use, several pathogens and stressors cause intestinal oxidative stress in poultry, which leads to a reduced feed intake, slow or stagnant growth and development, and even death, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry breeding industry. Oxidative stress in animals is a non-specific injury for which no targeted drug therapy is available; however, the health of poultry can be improved by adding appropriate feed additives. Bacillus pumilus, as a feed additive, promotes growth and development and reduces intestinal oxidative stress damage in poultry. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) senses oxidative damage and repairs unfolded and misfolded proteins; its protective effect has been widely investigated. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase C (MAPK/PKC) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) are also common proteins associated with inflammatory response induced by several stressors, but there is limited research on these proteins in the context of poultry intestinal Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infections. In the present study, we isolated a novel strain of Bacillus pumilus with excellent performance from the feces of healthy yaks, named TS1. To investigate the effect of TS1 on SE-induced enteritis in broilers, 120 6-day-old white-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups (con, TS1, SE, TS1 + SE). TS1 and TS1 + SE group chickens were fed with 1.4 × 107 colony-forming units per mL of TS1 for 15 days and intraperitoneally injected with SE to establish the oxidative stress model. Then, we investigated whether TS1 protects the intestine of SE-treated broiler chickens using inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis, stress protein quantification, antioxidant quantification, and histopathological analysis. RESULTS The TS1 + SE group showed lower MDA and higher GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC than the SE group. TS1 alleviated the effects of SE on intestinal villus length and crypt depth. Our results suggest that SE exposure increased the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, and MCP-1), p38 MAPK, and PKCβ and decreased the expression of HSP60, HSP70, and HIF-1α, whereas TS1 alleviated these effects. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus pumilus TS1 alleviated oxidative stress damage caused by SE and attenuated the inflammatory response in broilers through MAPK/PKC regulation of HSPs/HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinkun Liu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zixin Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Hao Li
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shuangshuang Wan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Balakrishnan KN, Ramiah SK, Zulkifli I. Heat Shock Protein Response to Stress in Poultry: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020317. [PMID: 36670857 PMCID: PMC9854570 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other animal species, production has dramatically increased in the poultry sector. However, in intensive production systems, poultry are subjected to stress conditions that may compromise their well-being. Much like other living organisms, poultry respond to various stressors by synthesising a group of evolutionarily conserved polypeptides named heat shock proteins (HSPs) to maintain homeostasis. These proteins, as chaperones, play a pivotal role in protecting animals against stress by re-establishing normal protein conformation and, thus, cellular homeostasis. In the last few decades, many advances have been made in ascertaining the HSP response to thermal and non-thermal stressors in poultry. The present review focuses on what is currently known about the HSP response to thermal and non-thermal stressors in poultry and discusses the factors that modulate its induction and regulatory mechanisms. The development of practical strategies to alleviate the detrimental effects of environmental stresses on poultry will benefit from detailed studies that describe the mechanisms of stress resilience and enhance our understanding of the nature of heat shock signalling proteins and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-4882
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Rizwan HM, Khan MK, Mughal MAS, Abbas Z, Abbas RZ, Sindhu ZUD, Sajid MS, Ain QU, Abbas A, Zafar A, Imran M, Aqib AI, Nadeem M. A new insight in immunomodulatory impact of botanicals in treating avian coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1164-1175. [PMID: 36457787 PMCID: PMC9606196 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is caused by genus Eimeria (E.) i.e. E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. brunette and E. mitis and lead to three billion US dollar per year economic loss in poultry industry and reduces the growth performance of birds. To purge undesirable foreign agents, immune system produces a variety of molecules and cells that ultimately neutralize target particles in healthy organisms. However; when this particular system compromises, infection develops and the load of pathogens along with their virulence factors overcome both; innate and adaptive immune systems. Livestock and poultry sectors are important part of agriculture industry worldwide. Due to excessive use of chemotherapeutic agents, pathogens have developed resistance against these agents leading to the great economic losses. Numerous therapeutic approaches are in routine process for the treatment and prevention of various ailments but irrational use of antibiotics/chemicals has raised alarming concerns, like the development of drug resistant strains, residual effects in ultimate users and environmental pollution. These problems have led to the development of alternatives. In this regard, anticoccidial vaccine can be used as an alternative but due to high cost of production, plant derived biological response modifiers and antioxidants compounds are considered as a promising alternative. This review summarizes the immunotherapeutic effects of different compounds particularly with reference to avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Kasib Khan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | | | - Zaheer Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | | | - Qurat ul Ain
- Health Officer in Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zafar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
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Patra AK, Kar I. Heat stress on microbiota composition, barrier integrity, and nutrient transport in gut, production performance, and its amelioration in farm animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:211-247. [PMID: 33987600 PMCID: PMC8071753 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning,
transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their
life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in
livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical
regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental
temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by
HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due
to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota
groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of
microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced
immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens.
Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of
pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations,
which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses.
Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced
enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and
injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient
transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along
with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed
intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered
microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological
phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional
communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be
elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota
composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity,
and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals
along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to
explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
| | - Indrajit Kar
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
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Roushdy EM, Zaglool AW, Hassan FAM. Thermal stress consequences on growth performance, immunological response, antioxidant status, and profitability of finishing broilers: transcriptomic profile change of stress-related genes. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:3685-3696. [PMID: 32978744 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of thermal stress on growth performance, blood biomarkers, metabolic hormones, immunological response, antioxidant activity, and expression of stress-related genes in broilers. One hundred and fifty one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were utilized in this work. On the 21st day of age, birds were subjected to three environmentally controlled treatments with five replicate pens of 10 birds per each, representing an initial density of 10 birds/m2-control: reared in a thermoneutral condition; THS1 and THS2: exposed to 4 and 6 h of daily thermal stress at 40 ± 1 °C, respectively, until the 42 days of age. The results demonstrated that thermal stress for 4 and 6 h significantly reduced (P < 0.001) daily weight gain, daily feed intake, blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, serum immunoglobulins (IgM, IgA, IgG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), while serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated relative to the thermoneutral group. Additionally, the corticosterone level and the ratio of heterophil:lymphocyte increased significantly (P < 0.001) in thermal-stressed groups. The antioxidant enzymes were affected by thermal stress as represented by a significant decrease in the activity of serum catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) along with an increase in malonaldehyde concentration. Thermal stress affected gene expression by upregulating heat shock protein 70, heat shock factors 1 and 3, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-4, and uncoupling protein, and downregulating GSH-Px, CAT, and IGF-1 transcript levels. However, no changes were observed in interleukin-2 expression levels. It can be concluded that thermal stress destructively influences productivity, physiological status, and gene expression by upregulating heat shock protein 70, heat shock factors 1 and 3, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-4, and uncoupling protein, and downregulating GSH-Px, CAT, and IGF-1 transcript levels of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshimaa M Roushdy
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa W Zaglool
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Fardos A M Hassan
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Xiong Y, Long C. An ethnoveterinary study on medicinal plants used by the Buyi people in Southwest Guizhou, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:46. [PMID: 32807192 PMCID: PMC7433110 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Buyi (Bouyei) people in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Southwest Guizhou, China, have used medicinal plants and traditional remedies for ethnoveterinary practices, such as treating domestic animals during livestock breeding, since ancient times. However, the unique ethnoveterinary practices of the Buyi have rarely been recorded. This study aimed to identify the plants used in their traditional ethnoveterinary practices, and to propose suggestions for future conservation and sustainable use of this knowledge. METHODS Ethnobotanical fieldwork was conducted in 19 villages/townships in Qianxinan Prefecture between 2017 and 2018. Data were collected from the local Buyi people through semi-structured interviews and participatory observations. The informant consensus factor (FIC) and use reports (URs) were utilized to evaluate the consent of the current ethnoveterinary practices among the local communities, and 83 informants were interviewed during the field investigations. Plant samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. RESULTS A total of 122 plant species, belonging to 60 families and 114 genera, were recorded as being used in ethnoveterinary practices by the Buyi people. The most used ethnoveterinary medicinal plant (EMP) parts included the roots, whole plant, and bulb, and the most common preparation methods included decoction, crushing, and boiling. Some EMPs, such as Quisqualis indica and Paris polyphylla, have special preparation methods. The informant consensus factor (FIC) and use reports (URs) of the EMP species were analyzed. Twenty EMP species with the highest URs were noted as having particular importance in the daily lives of Buyi people in Qianxinan Prefecture. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge of the medicinal plants among the Buyi communities in Qianxinan Prefecture. This knowledge has previously been limited to local vets, herders, and aged community members. Plants with important medicinal uses need to be validated phytochemically and pharmacologically in the future, to develop new alternative drugs for veterinary purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education of China, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- School of Ethnomedicine & Ethnopharmacy, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education of China, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Wen C, Liu Y, Ye Y, Tao Z, Cheng Z, Wang T, Zhou Y. Effects of gingerols-rich extract of ginger on growth performance, serum metabolites, meat quality and antioxidant activity of heat-stressed broilers. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102544. [PMID: 32364987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of dietary ginger extract (GE) enriched in gingerols on broilers under heat stress (HS) from 21 to 42 days of age, a total of 144 Ross 308 male broilers were randomly allocated to three groups with six replicates of eight broilers per replicate. Broilers in the control group were raised at 22 °C and fed a basal diet, and broilers in the other two groups were raised under cyclic HS (34 °C from 9:00 to 17:00 and at 22 °C for the rest of the time) and fed the basal diet with or without 1000 mg/kg GE. Supplementation of GE improved (P < 0.05) final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers under HS, and tended (P < 0.1) to increase breast muscle yield. The alterations of serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol levels and aspartate aminotransferase activity under HS were reversed (P < 0.05) by GE, which also decreased (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride level and alanine aminotransferase activity. The decreased redness (a* value) and increased drip loss of breast muscle induced by HS were restored (P < 0.05) by GE. Moreover, GE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde content in liver and breast muscle, and increased (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity in serum and breast muscle. In conclusion, dietary GE supplementation restored growth performance, serum metabolites and meat quality of broilers under HS possibly by improving antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuanwei Ye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Zhengguo Tao
- Leader Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Zongjia Cheng
- Leader Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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Effects of In Ovo Supplementation with Nanonutrition (L-Arginine Conjugated with Ag NPs) on Muscle Growth, Immune Response and Heat Shock Proteins at Different Chicken Embryonic Development Stages. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040564. [PMID: 32230934 PMCID: PMC7222345 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we have analyzed the effects of in ovo supplementation of inorganic and organic synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) conjugated with L-arginine (L-Arg) that were injected in chicken embryo at three different embryonic development stages (8th d, 14th d and 18th d). We investigated the effects of both conjugated Ag NPs on the survival, hatchability and body weight on hatching day (1 d old chicks). The expression of muscle growth related proteins, mainly myoblast determination protein (myoD), myogenin and heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were analyzed in pectoral muscles. The serum level of immunoglobulin M (IgM), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were also examined. Our study shows that 14th day of injection of both types of conjugated Ag NPs promoted survival rate and hatching rate at 8 d and 18 d from injection. The immunoglobulin (IgM) levels in serum and the expression of muscle growth related proteins (myoD and myogenin) were dramatically improved; in addition, HSP-60 and HSP-70 expression were declined at 14th d of injection. The serum levels of SGOT and SGPT were decreased at 14d injection when compared to 8 d and 18 d injection. Hence, the 14th day would be suitable day for injection of L-Arg with Ag NPs to promote the survival rate, hatching rate, immune system and muscle growth. Our results illustrated that plant mediated synthesis of Ag NPs at 1000 μg and chemically synthesized Ag NPs at 100 μg concentration would be a better choice to make nanonutrition with L-Arg (100 μg) to carry the nutrients without any toxicity at 14 d injection. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the in ovo injection of inorganic and organic synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Brassica oleracea L. var. capitate F. rubra (BOL) conjugation with L-Arginine (L-Arg) on the immune, muscle growth, survivability and hatchability of broiler chickens. The conjugation of L-Arg (100 μg) with 1000 µg of Ag NPs synthesized by (BOL)-extract and L-Arg (100 μg) conjugated with 100 µg of Ag NPs inorganic synthesized were injected into fertile eggs at 8 d, 14 d and 18 d of incubation. Survival and hatching rate were significantly improved in the dose of L-Arg (100 μg) with 1000 µg (BOL-Ag NPs) and L-Arg (100 μg) with 100 µg (C-Ag NPs) on 14 d injection whereas it was decreased on 8 d or 18 d injection. Moreover, the protein expression of muscle development markers such as myogenin and myoD were significantly uprelated in 14 d of incubation whereas the heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP-60 and HSP-70, were significantly upregulated in 18 d incubation. In addition, the liver function marker of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were significantly decreased and the immunoglobulin (IgM) levels were increased in a 14 d incubation period in serum at the same concentration.
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Effect of In Ovo Injection of L-Arginine in Different Chicken Embryonic Development Stages on Post-Hatchability, Immune Response, and Myo-D and Myogenin Proteins. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060357. [PMID: 31207968 PMCID: PMC6617498 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the current study, we hypothesized that the in ovo injection of L-arginine (L-Arg) at different stages of embryonic development, which would have positive effects on the survival rate, hatching rate, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as HSP-47, HSP-60, and HSP-70, and muscle development markers as well: Mainly, myoblast determination protein (myoD) and myogenin in pectoral muscles. As indicated, the in ovo injection of L-Arg resulted in an increased hatch rate and weight, survival rate, higher levels of IgM, and myogenin and MyoD expression in the muscles. At the same time, a decrease in the level of HSP-47, HSP-60, and HSP-70 expressions in the tissues was observed on the 14th day of injection compared to the eighth and 18th day of the injection period. In addition, the in ovo injection of L-Arg decreased the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) concentration in serum as well micronuclei and nuclear abnormality in the blood on the 14th day of the incubation period. Hence, the 14th day would be a suitable day for the injection of L-Arg to promote the hatching rate and muscle growth of broiler chickens. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection with different ratios of L-arginine (L-Arg) into Ross broiler eggs at three different embryonic developmental stages (eighth day (d), 14th day, and 18th day) on the survival, hatchability, and body weight (BW) of one-day-old hatched chicks. Additionally, we have analyzed the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), the protein expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), and we have also determined micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormality (NA). In addition, the genotoxic effect was observed in peripheral blood cells such as the presence of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the experimental groups. The results showed that survival and hatching rates as well as body weight were increased on the 14th day of incubation compared to the eighth and 18th day of incubation at lower concentrations of L-Arg. Moreover, the levels of SGOT and SGPT were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased on the 14th day of incubation at the same concentration (100 μg/μL/egg) of injection. In addition, immunoglobulin (IgM) levels were increased on the 14th day of incubation compared to other days. The protein expressions of HSP-47, HSP-60, and HSP-70 in the liver were significantly down-regulated, whereas the expression of myogenin and myoblast determination protein (MyoD) were significantly up-regulated on the 14th day after incubation when treated with all different doses such as 100 μg, 1000 μg, and 2500 μg/μL/egg, namely 3T1, 3T2, and 3T3, respectively. However, the treatment with low doses of L-Arg down-regulated the expression levels of those proteins on the 14th day of incubation. Histopathology of the liver by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the majority of liver damage, specifically intracytoplasmic vacuoles, were observed in the 3T1, 3T2, and 3T3 groups. The minimum dose of 100 μg/mL/egg on the 14th day of incubation significantly prevented intracytoplasmic vacuole damages. These results demonstrate that in ovo administration of L-Arg at (100 μg/μL/egg) may be an effective method to increase chick BW, hatch rate, muscle growth-related proteins, and promote the immune response through increasing IgM on the 14th day of the incubation period.
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Rimoldi S, Lasagna E, Sarti FM, Marelli SP, Cozzi MC, Bernardini G, Terova G. Expression profile of six stress-related genes and productive performances of fast and slow growing broiler strains reared under heat stress conditions. Meta Gene 2015; 6:17-25. [PMID: 26380816 PMCID: PMC4556841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High temperature is one of the prominent environmental factors causing economic losses to the poultry industry as it negatively affects growth and production performance in broiler chickens. We used One Step TaqMan real time RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) technology to study the effects of chronic heat stress on the expression of genes codifying for the antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as for heat shock protein (HSP) 70, HSP90, glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), and caspase 6 (CASP6) in the liver of two different broiler genetic strains: Red JA Cou Nu Hubbard (CN) and Ross 508 Aviagen (RO). CN is a naked neck slow growing broiler intended for the free range and/or organic markets, whereas RO is selected for fast growing. We also analysed the effect of chronic heat stress on productive performances, and plasma corticosterone levels as well as the association between transcriptomic response and specific SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in each genetic strain of broiler chickens. RO and CN broilers, 4 weeks of age, were maintained for 4 weeks at either 34 °C or 22 °C. The results demonstrated that there was a genotype and a temperature main effect on the broilers' growth from the 4th to the 8th week of age, but the interaction effect between genotype and temperature resulted not statistically significant. By considering the genotype effect, fast growing broilers (RO) grew more than the slow growing ones (CN), whereas by considering the temperature effect, broilers in unheated conditions grew more than the heat stressed ones. Corticosterone levels increased significantly in the blood of heat stressed broilers, due to the activation of the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis). Carcass yield at slaughter was of similar values in the 4 cohorts (genotype/temperature combinations or treatment groups), ranging from 86.5 to 88.6%, whereas carcass weight was negatively influenced by heat stress in both broiler strains. Heat stress affected gene expression by downregulating CASP6 and upregulating CAT transcript levels. HSPs, SOD and NR3C1 mRNA levels remained unaffected by heat stress. The differences found in the mRNA copies of CASP6 gene could be partly explained by SNPs.
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Key Words
- Antioxidant enzymes
- Broiler
- CASP6, caspase 6
- CAT, catalase
- CN, Red JA Cou Nu Hubbard
- CORT, corticosterone
- Corticosterone
- Ct, cycle threshold
- GPX, glutathione peroxidase
- Gene expression
- HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis
- HSP, heat shock protein
- Heat stress
- NR3C1, glucocorticoid receptor: GR or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group c, member 1
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RO, Ross 508 Aviagen
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR
- Real time PCR
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- cDNA, DNA complementary to RNA
- kDa, kilodalton(s)
- rTH, reverse transcriptase
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rimoldi
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- University of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Sarti
- University of Perugia, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Paolo Marelli
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cozzi
- University of Milan,
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy ; Inter-University Centre for Research in Protein Biotechnologies "The Protein Factory" - Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy ; Inter-University Centre for Research in Protein Biotechnologies "The Protein Factory" - Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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11
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Shih HC, Chern CY, Kuo PC, Wu YC, Chan YY, Liao YR, Teng CM, Wu TS. Synthesis of analogues of gingerol and shogaol, the active pungent principles from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale and evaluation of their anti-platelet aggregation effects. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3926-51. [PMID: 24599082 PMCID: PMC3975376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15033926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at discovering novel biologically active compounds based on the skeletons of gingerol and shogaol, the pungent principles from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Therefore, eight groups of analogues were synthesized and examined for their inhibitory activities of platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, collagen, platelet activating factor, and thrombin. Among the tested compounds, [6]-paradol (5b) exhibited the most significant anti-platelet aggregation activity. It was the most potent candidate, which could be used in further investigation to explore new drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Cheng Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yuh Chern
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan.
| | - You-Cheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Yi Chan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ren Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- College of Medicine, Pharmacological Institute, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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12
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Fouad A, El-Senouse H, Yang X, Yao J. Role of Dietary L-Arginine in Poultry Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2012.718.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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