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Petrovsky N. Clinical development of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvanted recombinant spike protein vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2363016. [PMID: 38839044 PMCID: PMC11155708 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2363016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein vaccines represent a well-established, reliable and safe approach for pandemic vaccination. SpikoGen® is a recombinant spike protein trimer manufactured in insect cells and formulated with Advax-CpG55.2 adjuvant. In murine, hamster, ferret and non-human primate studies, SpikoGen® consistently provided protection against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A pivotal Phase 3 placebo-controlled efficacy trial involving 16,876 participants confirmed the ability of SpikoGen® to prevent infection and severe disease caused by the virulent Delta strain. SpikoGen® subsequently received a marketing authorization from the Iranian FDA in early October 2021 for prevention of COVID-19 in adults. Following a successful pediatric study, its approval was extended to children 5 years and older. Eight million doses of SpikoGen® have been delivered, and a next-generation booster version is currently in development. This highlights the benefits of adjuvanted protein-based approaches which should not overlook when vaccine platforms are being selected for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Petrovsky
- Research Department, Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute Ltd, Adelaide, Australia
- Research Department, Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia
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Jangid AK, Noh KM, Kim S, Kim K. Engineered inulin-based hybrid biomaterials for augmented immunomodulatory responses. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122311. [PMID: 38858027 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Modified biopolymers that are based on prebiotics have been found to significantly contribute to immunomodulatory events. In recent years, there has been a growing use of modified biomaterials and polymer-functionalized nanomaterials in the treatment of various tumors by activating immune cells. However, the effectiveness of immune cells against tumors is hindered by several biological barriers, which highlights the importance of harnessing prebiotic-based biopolymers to enhance host defenses against cancer, thus advancing cancer prevention strategies. Inulin, in particular, plays a crucial role in activating immune cells and promoting the secretion of cytokines. Therefore, this mini-review aims to emphasize the importance of inulin in immunomodulatory responses, the development of inulin-based hybrid biopolymers, and the role of inulin in enhancing immunity and modifying cell surfaces. Furthermore, we discuss the various approaches of chemical modification for inulin and their potential use in cancer treatment, particularly in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mu Noh
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Joseph S, Jadav M, Solanki R, Patel S, Pooja D, Kulhari H. Synthesis, characterization, and application of honey stabilized inulin nanoparticles as colon targeting drug delivery carrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130274. [PMID: 38373569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Inulin (INU) is a versatile natural polysaccharide primarily derived from chicory roots. INU possesses the unique quality of evading digestion or fermentation in the early stages of the human digestive tract, instead reaching the lower colon directly. Exploiting on this distinctive attribute, INU finds application in the creation of targeted carrier systems for delivering drugs tailored to colon-related diseases. This study presents a novel method for synthesizing highly stable and non-aggregatory inulin nanoparticles (INU NPs) by ionotropic gelation method, using calcium chloride as crosslinker and natural honey as a stabilizing agent. Different formulation and process parameters were optimized for the synthesis of monodispersed INU NPs. These INU NPs efficiently encapsulated a hydrophilic drug irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate (IHT) and drug loaded formulation (IINPs) demonstrated excellent colloidal and storage stabilities. Notably, these IINPs exhibited pH-dependent drug release, suggesting potential for colon-specific drug delivery. Anticancer activity of the NPs was found significantly higher in comparison to IHT through cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies against human colorectal carcinoma cells. Overall, this study revealed that the INU NPs synthesized by ionotropic gelation will be an efficient nanocarrier system for colon-targeted drug delivery due to their exceptional biocompatibility and stability in stomach and upper intestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Joseph
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Mahima Jadav
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Raghu Solanki
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Sunita Patel
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Deep Pooja
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
| | - Hitesh Kulhari
- School of Nano Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India.
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Akram W, Pandey V, Sharma R, Joshi R, Mishra N, Garud N, Haider T. Inulin: Unveiling its potential as a multifaceted biopolymer in prebiotics, drug delivery, and therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129131. [PMID: 38181920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, inulin has gained much attention as a promising multifunctional natural biopolymer with numerous applications in drug delivery, prebiotics, and therapeutics. It reveals a multifaceted biopolymer with transformative implications by elucidating the intricate interplay between inulin and the host, microbiome, and therapeutic agents. Their flexible structure, exceptional targetability, biocompatibility, inherent ability to control release behavior, tunable degradation kinetics, and protective ability make them outstanding carriers in healthcare and biomedicine. USFDA has approved Inulin as a nutritional dietary supplement for infants. The possible applications of inulin in biomedicine research inspired by nature are presented. The therapeutic potential of inulin goes beyond its role in prebiotics and drug delivery. Recently, significant research efforts have been made towards inulin's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties for their potential applications in treating various chronic diseases. Moreover, its ability to reduce inflammation and modulate immune responses opens new avenues for treating conditions such as autoimmune disorders and gastrointestinal ailments. This review will attempt to illustrate the inulin's numerous and interconnected roles, shedding light on its critical contributions to the advancement of healthcare and biomedicine and its recent advancement in therapeutics, and conclude by taking valuable insights into the prospects and opportunities of inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Rajeev Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Ramakant Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ShriRam college of Pharmacy, Banmore 476444, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India
| | - Navneet Garud
- School of Studies in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Tanweer Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 4774005, India.
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Alanazi HH, Elfaki E. The immunomodulatory role of withania somnifera (L.) dunal in inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1084757. [PMID: 36909188 PMCID: PMC9992553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1084757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) (also known as Ashwagandha) is a botanical drug that has been used for centuries to treat many chronic diseases like high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. As many botanical drugs, w. Somnifera possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarinogenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-asthmatic properties. W. somnifera is often compared to the ginseng plant due to its ability to reduce stress, improve cognitive functions (e.g., memory), and promote a healthy immune system. It promotes immunomodulatory effects whose function is to balance the humoral and cellular responses of the adaptive immune system. The therapeutic effect of w. Somnifera is attributed to active ingredients like alkaloids, steroidal lactones (such as withanolides, withaferins), and steroidal saponins. Although w. Somnifera is safe and highly recommended for treating various diseases, the current knowledge and understanding of its operational mechanisms are limited. One of the proposed mechanisms states that w. Somnifera promotes cellular-mediated immunity or initiates chemical interactions that contribute to therapeutic effects. Withania somnifera has been shown to play a significant role in immunological diseases by modulating several cytokines, increasing T-cell proliferation and enhancing macrophages functions. In this review, we will discuss the latest therapeutic effects of w. Somnifera on a number of diseases through modulating immunological markers and which specific components of w. Somnifera induce these therapeutic activities. We will also focus on the chemical properties in w. Somnifera components and their immunomodulatory role in type 2 allergic diseases where type 2 inflammation is highly imbalanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad H Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elyasa Elfaki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
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Tawfick MM, Xie H, Zhao C, Shao P, Farag MA. Inulin fructans in diet: Role in gut homeostasis, immunity, health outcomes and potential therapeutics. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:948-961. [PMID: 35381290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inulin consumption in both humans and animal models is recognized for its prebiotic action with the most consistent change that lies in enhancing the growth and functionality of Bifidobacterium bacteria, as well as its effect on host gene expression and metabolism. Further, inulin-type fructans are utilized in the colon by bacterial fermentation to yield short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play important role in its biological effects both locally inside the gut and in systemic actions. The gut symbiosis sustained by inulin supplementation among other dietary fibers exerts preventive and/or therapeutic options for many metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiometabolic diseases, kidney diseases and hyperuricemia. Although, gastrointestinal negative effects due to inulin consumption were reported, such as gastrointestinal symptoms in humans and exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. This comprehensive review aims to present the whole story of how inulin functions as a prebiotic at cellular levels and the interplay between physiological, functional and immunological responses inside the animal or human gut as influenced by inulin in diets, in context to its structural composition. Such review is of importance to identify management and feed strategies to optimize gut health, for instance, consumption of the tolerated doses to healthy adults of 10 g/day of native inulin or 5 g/day of naturally inulin-rich chicory extract. In addition, inulin-drug interactions should be further clarified particularly if used as a supplement for the treatment of degenerative diseases (e.g., diabetes) over a long period. The combined effect of probiotics and inulin appears more effective, and more research on this synergy is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Tawfick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11751, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Hualing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ping Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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7
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Methodological advances in the design of peptide-based vaccines. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1367-1380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kumar A, Sharma A, Tirpude NV, Padwad Y, Hallan V, Kumar S. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants in vaccines formulation: a promising avenue for improving vaccines efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 virus. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:1238-1254. [PMID: 36125739 PMCID: PMC9487851 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has posed a plethora of problems for the global healthcare system and socioeconomic burden. Despite valiant efforts to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, the situation has deteriorated to the point that there are no viable preventive therapies to treat this disease. The case count has skyrocketed globally due to the newly evolved variants. Despite vaccination drives, the re-occurrence of recent pandemic waves has reinforced the importance of innovation/utilization of immune-booster to achieve appropriate long-term vaccine protection. Plant-derived immuno-adjuvants, which have multifaceted functions, can impede infections by boosting the immune system. Many previous studies have shown that formulation of vaccines using plant-derived adjuvant results in long-lasting immunity may overcome the natural tendency of coronavirus immunity to wane quickly. Plant polysaccharides, glycosides, and glycoprotein extracts have reportedly been utilized as enticing adjuvants in experimental vaccines, such as Advax, Matrix-M, and Mistletoe lectin, which have been shown to be highly immunogenic and safe. When employed in vaccine formulation, Advax and Matrix-M generate long-lasting antibodies, a balanced robust Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, and the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. Thus, the use of adjuvants derived from plants may increase the effectiveness of vaccines, resulting in the proper immunological response required to combat COVID-19. A few have been widely used in epidemic outbreaks, including SARS and H1N1 influenza, and their use could also improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. In this review, the immunological adjuvant properties of plant compounds as well as their potential application in anti-COVID-19 therapy are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XCOVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Aashish Sharma
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XCOVID-19 Testing facility, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Narendra Vijay Tirpude
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XDietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XBiotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- grid.417640.00000 0004 0500 553XCSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, India
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Afinjuomo F, Abdella S, Youssef SH, Song Y, Garg S. Inulin and Its Application in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090855. [PMID: 34577554 PMCID: PMC8468356 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inulin’s unique and flexible structure, stabilization/protective effects, and organ targeting ability make it an excellent drug delivery carrier compared to other biodegradable polysaccharides. The three hydroxyl groups attached to each fructose unit serve as an anchor for chemical modification. This, in turn, helps in increasing bioavailability, improving cellular uptake, and achieving targeted, sustained, and controlled release of drugs and biomolecules. This review focuses on the various types of inulin drug delivery systems such as hydrogel, conjugates, nanoparticles, microparticles, micelles, liposomes, complexes, prodrugs, and solid dispersion. The preparation and applications of the different inulin drug delivery systems are further discussed. This work highlights the fact that modification of inulin allows the use of this polymer as multifunctional scaffolds for different drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sanjay Garg
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-88-302-1575; Fax: +61-88-302-2389
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Chadha S, Kumar A, Srivastava SA, Behl T, Ranjan R. Inulin as a Delivery Vehicle for Targeting Colon-Specific Cancer. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:651-674. [PMID: 32459607 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200527133719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides, as well as biopolymers, are now days widely developed for targeting colon cancer using various drug delivery systems. Currently, healing conformations are being explored that can efficiently play a multipurpose role. Owing to the capability of extravagance colonic diseases with the least adverse effects, biopolymers for site specific colon delivery have developed an increased curiosity over the past decades. Inulin (INU) was explored for its probable application as an entrapment material concerning its degradation by enzymes in the colonic microflora and its drug release behavior in a sustained and controlled manner. INU is a polysaccharide and it consists of 2 to 1 linkage having an extensive array of beneficial uses such as a carrier for delivery of therapeutic agents as an indicative/investigative utensil or as a dietary fiber with added well-being aids. In the main, limited research, as well as information, is available on the delivery of therapeutic agents using inulin specifically for colon cancer because of its capability to subsist in the stomach's acidic medium. This exceptional steadiness and robustness properties are exploited in numerous patterns to target drugs securely for the management of colonic cancer, where they effectively act and kills colonic tumor cells easily. In this review article, recent efforts and inulin-based nano-technological approaches for colon cancer targeting are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chadha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Ranjan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Study on growth enhancement and the protective effects of dietary prebiotic inulin on immunity responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of dietary inulin on growth performance, body composition, serum, biochemical, and mucus immune factors; as well as innate immune responses of rainbow trout fry challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Four diets were prepared using a commercially available fish feed as a basal diet and different levels of prebiotic inulin incorporation; 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3%; referred to as C, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The findings of the 60-day feeding trial showed that inulin inclusion affected final weight, food conversion rate (FCR), and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05), in which the lowest FCR was observed in T3. Body composition analysis revealed that inulin significantly increased protein content and decreased lipid levels, especially in the T1 and T2 groups. The lowest ash level was noticed in T2 (P < 0.05). Blood total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, and glucose were not affected by inulin supplementation (P > 0.05). Analysis of humoral immune responses showed that the inulin supplements significantly increased lysozyme and complement activities (P < 0.05), as well as higher red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) in fish, fed 2% inulin, while no significant differences were observed among other treatments (P > 0.05). The mucosal parameters; including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase (excluding ACH50); protease activities; and total immunoglobulin (IgM) improved significantly (P < 0.05), particularly in the T2 group. The T2 group also demonstrated the highest survival rate among all groups. The present findings indicate that dietary administration of inulin promotes growth and biochemical parameters, as well as serum immunity and mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout, in which a 2% inclusion produced the best results.
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Kuznetsova TA, Persiyanova EV, Zaporozhets TS, Besednova NN. [Adjuvants of influenza vaccines: new possibilities of using sulphated polysaccharides from marine brown algae.]. Vopr Virusol 2020; 64:5-11. [PMID: 30893523 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2019-64-1-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The review article presents the characteristics of the main adjuvant groups (mineral salts of aluminum, synthetic squalenebased adjuvants - MF59 and AS03, CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides, virosomes, polyoxidonium, sovidone) included in the licensed influenza vaccine. The main mechanisms of adjuvant action, advantages and disadvantages of these adjuvants are shown. The vaccines adjuvants in the phase of experimental studies and clinical trials (ISCOMs, Advax™, chitosan) are described too. Particular attention is paid to sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from marine brown algae as vaccine adjuvants. Numerous results of their application in compositions of experimental vaccines are presented. The prospects of sulfated polysaccharides using in the design of influenza vaccines are estimated. These prospects are determined by high biocompatibility, low toxicity and good tolerance of the human body to fucoidans, as well as mechanisms of their adjuvant activity. Sulfated polysaccharides are agonists of toll-like receptors of innate immunity cells and powerful inducers of the cellular and humoral immune response, which is important for the development of influenza vaccines. The review is based on the information presented in the bibliographic and abstract databases of scientific publications, search engines and publishers: RSCI, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Nature, Elsevier and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Kuznetsova
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
| | - E V Persiyanova
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
- Medical Association of Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - T S Zaporozhets
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
| | - N N Besednova
- Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vladivostok, 690087, Russian Federation
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Impact of Prebiotics and Synbiotics Administered in ovo on the Immune Response against Experimental Antigens in Chicken Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040643. [PMID: 32276459 PMCID: PMC7222847 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immune system of chickens matures in the course of embryonic development. Early in ovo supplementation with bioactive substances leads to the long-term maintenance of a high level of intestine bifidobacteria, reduces the number of detrimental microorganisms in the gut, modulates the central and peripheral lymphatic organ development in broilers, and stimulates gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) development after hatching. In this investigation, we studied whether the early in ovo application (at the 12th day of embryo incubation) of selected bioactives (prebiotics and synbiotics) influences the humoral immune response against experimental antigens, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction to experimental mitogen. This study demonstrated that the in ovo application of bioactives did not significantly influence the humoral immune response against T-dependent and T-independent model antigens. Prebiotics in chickens immunized with T-dependent antigen (SRBC) protected them from a retarded rise of the IgG concentration. Bioactives reduced the mortality of birds, markedly with inulin (−6.4%), and the DTH reaction to phytohemagglutinin on the 7th and 21st day after hatching. Abstract The effect of the in ovo application of selected prebiotics and synbiotics on the humoral immune response against T-dependent (SRBC) and T-independent (dextran) antigens and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to phytohemagglutinin was studied. On the 12th day of incubation, 800 eggs (Ross 308) were divided into five groups and injected into the egg air chamber with prebiotic inulin (Pre1), Bi2tos (Pre2), a synbiotic composed of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 (Syn1), a synbiotic composed of Bi2tos and L. lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1 (Syn2), and physiological saline (control group; C). The chickens were immunized twice at the 7th and 21st day of life with SRBC and dextran. A DTH test was performed on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day. The application of prebiotics and synbiotics had no significant effect on the humoral immune response. SRBC-immunized in ovo Pre1- and Pre2-treated chickens showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than the control. A significant effect on the DTH reaction was detected on the 7th (Pre1 < C) and 21st (Pre2 > Syn2) day. However; Bi2tos may transiently stimulate the cellular immune response on the 21st day. It may be concluded that the application of inulin in an egg air chamber on the 12th day of incubation may stimulate the secondary immune response. The inulin-treated group exhibited a lower mortality rate than the control group.
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Crecente-Campo J, Virgilio T, Morone D, Calviño-Sampedro C, Fernández-Mariño I, Olivera A, Varela-Calvino R, González SF, Alonso MJ. Design of polymeric nanocapsules to improve their lympho-targeting capacity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:3013-3033. [PMID: 31696773 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design lympho-targeted nanocarriers with the capacity to enhance the activity of associated drugs/antigens whose target is within the lymphatic system. Materials & methods: Inulin (INU)-based nanocapsules (NCs), negatively charged and positively charged chitosan NCs were prepared by the solvent displacement techniques. The NCs were produced in two sizes: small (70 nm) and medium (170-250 nm). Results: In vitro results indicated that small NCs interacted more efficiently with dendritic cells than the larger ones. The study of the NCs biodistribution in mice, using 3D reconstruction of the popliteal lymph node, showed that small INU NCs have the greatest access and uniform accumulation in different subsets of resident immune cells. Conclusion: Small and negatively charged INU NCs have a potential as lympho-targeted antigen/drug nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Crecente-Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tommaso Virgilio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Calviño-Sampedro
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iago Fernández-Mariño
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Olivera
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Calvino
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782 Santiago, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Santiago F González
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - María J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Wang L, Song Y, Parikh A, Joyce P, Chung R, Liu L, Afinjuomo F, Hayball JD, Petrovsky N, Barclay TG, Garg S. Doxorubicin-Loaded Delta Inulin Conjugates for Controlled and Targeted Drug Delivery: Development, Characterization, and In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110581. [PMID: 31698755 PMCID: PMC6920814 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta inulin, also known as microparticulate inulin (MPI), was modified by covalently attaching doxorubicin to its nanostructured surface for use as a targeted drug delivery vehicle. MPI is readily endocytosed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells and in this study, we sought to utilize this property to develop a system to target anti-cancer drugs to lymphoid organs. We investigated, therefore, whether MPI could be used as a vehicle to deliver doxorubicin selectively, thereby reducing the toxicity of this antibiotic anthracycline drug. Doxorubicin was covalently attached to the surface of MPI using an acid–labile linkage to enable pH-controlled release. The MPI-doxorubicin conjugate was characterized using FTIR and SEM, confirming covalent attachment and indicating doxorubicin coupling had no obvious impact on the physical nanostructure, integrity, and cellular uptake of the MPI particles. To simulate the stability of the MPI-doxorubicin in vivo, it was stored in artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH 4.5). Although the MPI-doxorubicin particles were still visible after 165 days in ALF, 53% of glycosidic bonds in the inulin particles were hydrolyzed within 12 days in ALF, reflected by the release of free glucose into solution. By contrast, the fructosidic bonds were much more stable. Drug release studies of the MPI-doxorubicin in vitro, demonstrated a successful pH-dependent controlled release effect. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies and flow cytometric analysis confirmed that when incubated with live cells, MPI-doxorubicin was efficiently internalized by immune cells. An assay of cell metabolic activity demonstrated that the MPI carrier alone had no toxic effects on RAW 264.7 murine monocyte/macrophage-like cells, but exhibited anti-cancer effects against HCT116 human colon cancer cells. MPI-doxorubicin had a greater anti-cancer cell effect than free doxorubicin, particularly when at lower concentrations, suggesting a drug-sparing effect. This study establishes that MPI can be successfully modified with doxorubicin for chemotherapeutic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Yunmei Song
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Ankit Parikh
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Paul Joyce
- Division of Biological Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Rosa Chung
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (J.D.H.)
| | - Franklin Afinjuomo
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - John D. Hayball
- Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.L.); (J.D.H.)
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas G. Barclay
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Sanjay Garg
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia; (L.W.); (Y.S.); (A.P.); (R.C.); (F.A.); (T.G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-1067
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16
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Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Inulin Conjugate of Isoniazid for Monocyte-Targeted Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110555. [PMID: 31661841 PMCID: PMC6920787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of particles for monocyte-mediated delivery could be a more efficient strategy and approach to achieve intracellular targeting and delivery of antitubercular drugs to host macrophages. In this study, the potential of inulin microparticles to serve as a drug vehicle in the treatment of chronic tuberculosis using a monocytes-mediated drug targeting approach was evaluated. Isoniazid (INH) was conjugated to inulin via hydrazone linkage in order to obtain a pH-sensitive inulin-INH conjugate. The conjugate was then characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as in vitro, cellular uptake and intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antibacterial efficacy. The acid-labile hydrazone linkage conferred pH sensitivity to the inulin-INH conjugate with ~95, 77 and 65% of the drug released after 5 h at pH 4.5, 5.2, and 6.0 respectively. Cellular uptake studies confirm that RAW 264.7 monocytic cells efficiently internalized the inulin conjugates into endocytic compartments through endocytosis. The intracellular efficacy studies demonstrate that the inulin conjugates possess a dose-dependent targeting effect against Mtb-infected monocytes. This was through efficient internalization and cleavage of the hydrazone bond by the acidic environment of the lysosome, which subsequently released the isoniazid intracellularly to the Mtb reservoir. These results clearly suggest that inulin conjugates can serve as a pH-sensitive intracellular drug delivery system for TB treatment.
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17
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Barclay TG, Day CM, Petrovsky N, Garg S. Review of polysaccharide particle-based functional drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:94-112. [PMID: 31227171 PMCID: PMC6626612 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review investigates the significant role polysaccharide particles play in functional drug delivery. The importance of these systems is due to the wide variety of polysaccharides and their natural source meaning that they can provide biocompatible and biodegradable systems with a range of both biological and chemical functionality valuable for drug delivery. This functionality includes protection and presentation of working therapeutics through avoidance of the reticuloendothelial system, stabilization of biomacromolecules and increasing the bioavailability of incorporated small molecule drugs. Transport of the therapeutic is also key to the utility of polysaccharide particles, moving drugs from the site of administration through mucosal binding and transport and using chemistry, size and receptor mediated drug targeting to specific tissues. This review also scrutinizes the methods of synthesizing and constructing functional polysaccharide particle drug delivery systems that maintain and extend the functionality of the natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Barclay
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Candace Minhthu Day
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, 1 Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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18
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Song C, Li F, Wang S, Wang J, Wei W, Ma G. Recent Advances in Particulate Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccination. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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19
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Afinjuomo F, Fouladian P, Parikh A, Barclay TG, Song Y, Garg S. Preparation and Characterization of Oxidized Inulin Hydrogel for Controlled Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E356. [PMID: 31336580 PMCID: PMC6680939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inulin-based hydrogels are useful carriers for the delivery of drugs in the colon-targeted system and in other biomedical applications. In this project, inulin hydrogels were fabricated by crosslinking oxidized inulin with adipic acid dihydrazide (AAD) without the use of a catalyst or initiator. The physicochemical properties of the obtained hydrogels were further characterized using different techniques, such as swelling experiments, in vitro drug release, degradation, and biocompatibility tests. The crosslinking was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro releases of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) from the various inulin hydrogels was enhanced in acidic conditions (pH 5) compared with physiological pH (pH 7.4). In addition, blank gels did not show any appreciable cytotoxicity, whereas 5FU-loaded hydrogels demonstrated efficacy against HCT116 colon cancer cells, which further confirms the potential use of these delivery platforms for direct targeting of 5-FU to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Afinjuomo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Paris Fouladian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Ankit Parikh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Thomas G Barclay
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
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20
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Liu K, Wang L, Guo Z. An extensive review of studies on mycobacterium cell wall polysaccharide-related oligosaccharides – part III: synthetic studies and biological applications of arabinofuranosyl oligosaccharides and their analogs, derivatives and conjugates. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji′nan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji′nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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21
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Tripodo G, Mandracchia D. Inulin as a multifaceted (active) substance and its chemical functionalization: From plant extraction to applications in pharmacy, cosmetics and food. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 141:21-36. [PMID: 31102649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review is aimed at critically discussing a collection of research papers on Inulin (INU) in different scientific fields. The first part of this work gives an overview on the main characteristics of native INU, including production, applications in food or cosmetics industries, its benefits on human health as well as its main nutraceutical properties. A particular focus is dedicated to the extraction techniques and to the specific effects of INU on intestinal microbiota. Other than in food industry, the number of INU applications increases dramatically in the pharmaceutical field especially due to its simple chemical functionalization. Thus, aim of this review is also to give practical examples of chemical functionalization performed on INU also by including critical comments based on the direct experience of the Authors. With this aim, a full paragraph is dedicated to practical chemical experiences useful to reduce the efforts when establishing new experimental conditions. Moreover, the pharmaceutical technology is also taken in special consideration by underlining the aspects leading at the preparation of formulations based on INU. At the end of the review, a critical paragraph is intended to feed the scientists' curiosity on this versatile polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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22
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López-Castejón ML, Bengoechea C, Espinosa S, Carrera C. Characterization of prebiotic emulsions stabilized by inulin and β-lactoglobulin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Afinjuomo F, Barclay TG, Song Y, Parikh A, Petrovsky N, Garg S. Synthesis and characterization of a novel inulin hydrogel crosslinked with pyromellitic dianhydride. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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24
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Malik A, Gupta M, Gupta V, Gogoi H, Bhatnagar R. Novel application of trimethyl chitosan as an adjuvant in vaccine delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7959-7970. [PMID: 30538470 PMCID: PMC6260144 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of natural carbohydrate polysaccharides for antigen delivery and its adjuvanation potential has garnered interest in the scientific community in the recent years. These biomaterials are considered favorable candidates for adjuvant development due to their desirable properties like enormous bioavailability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, stability, affordability, and immunostimulating ability. Chitosan is the one such extensively studied natural polymer which has been appreciated for its excellent applications in pharmaceuticals. Trimethyl chitosan (TMC), a derivative of chitosan, possesses these properties. In addition it has the properties of high aqueous solubility, high charge density, mucoadhesive, permeation enhancing (ability to cross tight junction), and stability over a range of ionic conditions which makes the spectrum of its applicability much broader. It has also been seen to perform analogously to alum, complete Freund’s adjuvant, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate adjuvanation, which justifies its role as a potent adjuvant. Although many review articles detailing the applications of chitosan in vaccine delivery are available, a comprehensive review of the applications of TMC as an adjuvant is not available to date. This article provides a comprehensive overview of structural and chemical properties of TMC which affect its adjuvant characteristics; the efficacy of various delivery routes for TMC antigen combination; and the recent advances in the elucidation of its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Malik
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
| | - Manish Gupta
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
| | - Vatika Gupta
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India,
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Leelayuwapan H, Ruchirawat S, Boonyarattanakalin S. Rapid synthesis and immunogenicity of mycobacterial (1→5)-α-d-arabinofuranan. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 206:262-272. [PMID: 30553321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid synthesis of the α(1→5) arabinofuranan polysaccharides, found on the outer surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is achieved by a regio- and stereocontrolled ring opening polymerization of β-d-arabinofuranose-1,2,5-orthobenzoate. The robust polymerization reaction allows the incorporation of an amine linker, which was used to conjugate with protein tetanus toxoid (TT) to further investigate its adjuvant activities. The synthetic arabinan, which is the glycan on the non-reducing end of Mtb lipoarabinomannan (LAM), was evaluated for its immunological properties in vitro and in vivo. Systemic inflammation and the promotion of innate immune response were observed in macrophages treated with the synthetic arabinan as an adjuvant through an increase in the production of TNF-α and IL-12. In vivo evaluation of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α productions in mice pre-immunized with the synthetic arabinan conjugated TT indicated great enhancements of the immunological responses when compared to that of TT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Leelayuwapan
- Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), PERDO, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), PERDO, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Siwarutt Boonyarattanakalin
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand.
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26
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Controlled rapid synthesis and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of LM α(1,6)mannan with an amine linker. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 195:420-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kuznetsova TA, Persiyanova EV, Ermakova SP, Khotimchenko MY, Besednova NN. The Sulfated Polysaccharides of Brown Algae and Products of Their Enzymatic Transformation as Potential Vaccine Adjuvants. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to critical analysis of literature data, deal with effects and mechanisms of action of sulfated polysaccharides (PSs) – fucoidans from brown algae and products of their enzymatic transformation as potential adjuvants for enhancement of anti-infective and antitumor immune response. Numerous experimental data indicate that sulfated PSs demonstrate properties of vaccine adjuvants. Application perspectiveness of fucoidans as vaccine adjuvants is defined by their high biocompatibility, low-toxicity, safety and good tolerance by macroorganism, and also mechanisms of their immunomodulatory action. In particular, fucoidans are agonists of receptors of innate immunity and strong inducers of cellular and humoral immune response. At presenting the data of structural - functional interrelations, attention focused to the defining role of degree of sulfation, uronic acids and polyphenols contents, and also molecular mass in actions of fucoidans to innate and adaptive immunity cells. Insufficiency of literary data on studying of correlation of structure – physicochemical characteristics with adjuvanticities of the sulfated PSs, and also the problem of standardization of their active fractions are noted. Special attention is paid to the analysis of immunomodulatory and adjuvant activity of fucoidan oligosaccharides. Presented here results of experimental trial indicate that, despite the difficulties due to preparation of highly purified structurally characterized fractions and complex structure of fucoidans, these substances can be used as safe and effective adjuvants in vaccines against various pathogens including viruses, and also in antitumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A. Kuznetsova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Persiyanova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana P. Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Yu. Khotimchenko
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, bldg. M25 FEFU Campus, Ajax Bay, Russky Isl., 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya N. Besednova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Research Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology», Sel'skaya street, 1, 690087, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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28
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Polysaccharides as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2018; 36:5226-5234. [PMID: 30057282 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant is a substance added to vaccine to improve the immunogenicity of antigens, and it can induce stronger immune responses and reduce the dosage and production cost of vaccine in populations responding poorly to vaccination. Adjuvants in development or in use mainly include aluminum salts, oil emulsions, saponins, immune-stimulating complexes, liposomes, microparticles, nonionic block copolymers, polysaccharides, cytokines and bacterial derivatives. Polysaccharide adjuvants have attracted much attention in the preparation of nano vaccines and nano drugs because natural polysaccharides have the characteristics of intrinsic immunomodulating, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and safety. Moreover, it has been proved that a variety of natural polysaccharides possess better immune promoting effects, and they can enhance the effects of humoral, cellular and mucosal immunities. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the recent studies on polysaccharides with vaccine adjuvant activities, including chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs), glucan, mannose, inulin polysaccharide and Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide. The application and future perspectives of polysaccharides as adjuvants were also discussed. These findings lay a foundation for the further development of polysaccharide adjuvants. Collectively, more and more polysaccharide adjuvants will be developed and widely used in clinical practice with more in-depth investigations of polysaccharide adjuvants.
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Castel V, Rubiolo AC, Carrara CR. Brea gum as wall material in the microencapsulation of corn oil by spray drying: Effect of inulin addition. Food Res Int 2018; 103:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Protective capabilities of silymarin and inulin nanoparticles against hepatic oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Deoxynivalenol in rats. Toxicon 2017; 142:1-13. [PMID: 29248467 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a Fusarium mycotoxin that frequently contaminates cereal and cereal-based food and induces liver injury. This study evaluated the protective role of silymarin nanoparticles (SILNPs) and inulin nanoparticles (INNPs) against DON-induced liver injury in rats. Eleven groups of rats were treated orally for 3 weeks as follows: the control group, DON-treated group (5 mg/kg b.w.); INNPs-treated groups at low (LD) or high (HD) dose (100 or 200 mg/kg b.w.); SILPNs-treated group (50 mg/kg b.w.); SILNPs plus INNPs(LD) or INNPs(HD)-treated groups; INNPs(LD) or INNPs(HD) plus DON-treated groups and DON plus SILNPs and INNPs(LD) or INNPs(HD)-treated groups. Blood and tissue samples were collected for different analyses. The results revealed that the practical sizes were 200 and 98 nm for SILNPs and INNPs respectively. DON increased liver enzymes activity, lipid profile, serum cytokines, number and percentage of chromosomal aberration, DNA fragmentation and comet score. It disturbed the oxidative stress markers, down regulated gene expression and induced histological changes in the liver tissue. Treatment with DON and SILNPs and/or INNPs at the two tested doses improved all the tested parameters and SILNPs plus INNPs(HD) normalized most of these parameters in DON-treated animals. SILNPs and INNPs could be promising candidates as hepatoprotective against DON or other hepatotoxins.
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Synthesis of synthetic mannan backbone polysaccharides found on the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a vaccine adjuvant and their immunological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:746-755. [PMID: 28917925 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) play crucial roles in modulating host immune responses. Thorough understandings of immunological properties of the Mtb's surface components are essential for the development of tuberculosis treatment and prevention. Unfortunately, the accessibility to the molecules on the surface of Mtb is limited by the structural complexity due to their various macromolecular nature and the hazard of culturing Mtb. In this study, we reveal a practical synthesis of lipomannan (LM) backbone polysaccharides - the core glycans found on Mtb's surface. A rapid synthetic approach based on a controlled polymerization was developed for the chemical synthesis of mannopyranans, the core structure of LM. The size of the LM glycans can be controlled by using specific monomer concentrations in addition to stereo- and regioselectivity derived from the versatile tricyclic orthoester mannose monomer. The immunological properties of the synthesized mannopyranans were investigated and their adjuvant potential was revealed. The adjuvanticity mechanism of the synthetic mannopyranans appears to involve the NF-κB and inflammasome pathways.
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Zhang A, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao G, Yang X, Wang D, Wang B. Adjuvant-active aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. improve immune responses through TLR4 signaling pathway. Vaccine 2017; 35:1037-1045. [PMID: 28111143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activating innate immunity by an adjuvant is required in vaccine development. The study aims to investigate adjuvant effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) in vivo and in vitro. ICR mice were subcutaneously administered with antigen and AEAR at various doses to evaluate their immune responses of antibodies, dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), splenic lymphocyte, and cytokine. The evaluation results showed that AEAR could largely increase titers of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and T cell proliferation. AEAR also increased expression of IFN-γ in CD8+T cells as well as IL-4 and INF-γ expression in CD4+T cells. Expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were significantly elevated, whereas the Treg frequency was significantly decreased. AEAR (200μg) showed remarkable adjuvant activity. Furthermore, AEAR enhanced MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression as well as the yields of TNF-α and IL-12 on DCs through toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in vitro. Those results indicated that AEAR could serve as an efficacious immune stimulator for vaccines because it significantly enhanced specific immune responses by promoting DCs maturation and reduced Treg through TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiumei Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Suresh R, Chandrasekaran P, Sutterwala FS, Mosser DM. Complement-mediated 'bystander' damage initiates host NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1928-39. [PMID: 27006116 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement activation has long been associated with inflammation, primarily due to the elaboration of the complement anaphylotoxins C5a and C3a. In this work, we demonstrate that the phagocytosis of complement-opsonized particles promotes host inflammatory responses by a new mechanism that depends on the terminal complement components (C5b-C9). We demonstrate that during the phagocytosis of complement-opsonized particles, the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement can be transferred from the activating particle to the macrophage plasma membrane by a 'bystander' mechanism. This MAC-mediated bystander damage initiates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in caspase-1 activation and IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Inflammasome activation is not induced when macrophages phagocytize unopsonized particles or particles opsonized with serum deficient in one of the terminal complement components. The secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 by macrophages depends on NLRP3, ASC (also known as PYCARD) and caspase-1, as macrophages deficient in any one of these components fail to secrete these cytokines following phagocytosis. The phagocytosis of complement-opsonized particles increases leukocyte recruitment and promotes T helper 17 cell (TH17) biasing. These findings reveal a new mechanism by which complement promotes inflammation and regulates innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and the Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and the Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- The Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA
| | - David M Mosser
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics and the Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Barclay TG, Rajapaksha H, Thilagam A, Qian G, Ginic-Markovic M, Cooper PD, Gerson A, Petrovsky N. Physical characterization and in silico modeling of inulin polymer conformation during vaccine adjuvant particle formation. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:108-15. [PMID: 27083349 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study combined physical data from synchrotron SAXS, FTIR and microscopy with in-silico molecular structure predictions and mathematical modeling to examine inulin adjuvant particle formation and structure. The results show that inulin polymer chains adopt swollen random coil in solution. As precipitation occurs from solution, interactions between the glucose end group of one chain and a fructose group of an adjacent chain help drive organized assembly, initially forming inulin ribbons with helical organization of the chains orthogonal to the long-axis of the ribbon. Subsequent aggregation of the ribbons results in the layered semicrystalline particles previously shown to act as potent vaccine adjuvants. γ-Inulin adjuvant particles consist of crystalline layers 8.5 nm thick comprising helically organized inulin chains orthogonal to the plane of the layer. These crystalline layers alternate with amorphous layers 2.4 nm thick, to give overall particle crystallinity of 78%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Barclay
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Harinda Rajapaksha
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Alagu Thilagam
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Gujie Qian
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Milena Ginic-Markovic
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Peter D Cooper
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Cancer Research Laboratory, ANU Medical School, Garran, ACT 2605, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Andrea Gerson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Blue Minerals Consultancy, Mill Terrace, Middleton, SA 5213, Australia.
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide. II: Review of its pharmaceutical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 134:418-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tsurumaki M, Kotake M, Iwasaki M, Saito M, Tanaka K, Aw W, Fukuda S, Tomita M. The application of omics technologies in the functional evaluation of inulin and inulin-containing prebiotics dietary supplementation. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e185. [PMID: 26619369 PMCID: PMC4672356 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin, a natural renewable polysaccharide resource produced by various plants in nature, has been reported to possess a significant number of diverse pharmaceutical and food applications. Recently, there has been rapid progress in high-throughput technologies and platforms to assay global mRNA, proteins, metabolites and gut microbiota. In this review, we will describe the current status of utilizing omics technologies of elucidating the impact of inulin and inulin-containing prebiotics at the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and gut microbiome levels. Although many studies in this review have addressed the impact of inulin comprehensively, these omics technologies only enable us to understand physiological information at each different stage of mRNA, protein, metabolite and gut microbe. We believe that a synergistic approach is vital in order to fully illustrate the intricate beauty behind the relatively modest influence of food factors like inulin on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsurumaki
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Kotake
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Iwasaki
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Saito
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - W Aw
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - S Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Tomita
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Petrovsky N, Cooper PD. Advax™, a novel microcrystalline polysaccharide particle engineered from delta inulin, provides robust adjuvant potency together with tolerability and safety. Vaccine 2015; 33:5920-6. [PMID: 26407920 PMCID: PMC4639457 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for new adjuvants to facilitate development of vaccines against HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and cancer, amongst many others. Unfortunately, the most potent adjuvants are often associated with toxicity and safety issues. Inulin, a plant-derived polysaccharide, has no immunological activity in its native soluble form but when crystallized into a stable microcrystalline particulate from (delta inulin) acquires potent adjuvant activity. Delta inulin has been shown to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses against a broad range of co-administered viral, bacterial, parasitic and toxin antigens. Inulin normally crystallizes as large heterogeneous particles with a broad size distribution and variable solubility temperatures. To ensure reproducible delta inulin particles with a consistent size distribution and temperature of solubility, a current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) process was designed to produce Advax™ adjuvant. In its cCMP form, Advax™ adjuvant has proved successful in human trials of vaccines against seasonal and pandemic influenza, hepatitis B and insect sting anaphylaxis, enhancing antibody and T-cell responses while being safe and well tolerated. Advax™ adjuvant represents a novel human adjuvant that enhances both humoral and cellular immunity. This review describes the discovery and development of Advax™ adjuvant and research into its unique mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
| | - Peter D Cooper
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2061, Australia
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Madej JP, Bednarczyk M. Effect of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the morphology and specific immune cell composition in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Poult Sci 2015; 95:19-29. [PMID: 26527705 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how pre- and synbiotic administration in ovo into the air chamber at d 12 of egg incubation influenced the specific immune cell composition and distribution in the ileum, cecal tonsils (CT) and bursa of Fabricius of broilers. The experiment was performed on 800 hatching eggs of the meat-type chickens (Ross 308). Hatching eggs were treated with: prebiotic, consisting of inulin (Pre1) or Bi(2)tos(®) (Pre2); symbiotic, composed of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 (Syn1) or Bi(2)tos and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1 (Syn2); or physiological saline as a control group. Seven chickens from each treatment group were randomly selected on , 1, 7, and 21 after hatch for tissue collection. Ileum, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius samples were immunohistochemically stained and the proportions of Bu-1(+), CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8α(+) and TCRγδ(+) cells were estimated. It was indicated that the pre- and synbiotics do not adversely affect the development of the GALT of the chicken. The temporary decrease in B-cell number in bursa on d 7 after hatch suggested an increased colonization rate of the peripheral lymphoid organs by these cells after Pre1, Pre2, and Syn2 treatment. In CT at d 7 after hatch more potent colonization of the GALT by T cells was observed in all pre- and synbiotic treated groups and by B cells in both synbiotic-treated groups than those in respective controls. Then, on d 21 in both synbiotic-treated groups, an increase in T-cell number in ileum was also noticed with faster colonization of the CT by B cells. In 21-day-old chickens, both synbiotics exerted stronger stimulatory effect on the GALT colonization by T cells then prebiotics respectively. Similarly, the colonization by B cells was more pronounced in the Syn2 than in the Pre2 group. The data obtained in this study indicated that prebiotics and particularly synbiotics administrated in ovo stimulated GALT development after hatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Madej
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Mo WY, Cheng Z, Choi WM, Lun CHI, Man YB, Wong JTF, Chen XW, Lau SCK, Wong MH. Use of food waste as fish feeds: effects of prebiotic fibers (inulin and mannanoligosaccharide) on growth and non-specific immunity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17663-17671. [PMID: 26150295 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of inulin and mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance and non-specific immunity of grass carp were studied. Two doses of prebiotic fiber with 0.2 or 2% of the fibers are being mixed into fish feed pellets. Fish growth as well as selected non-specific immune parameters of grass carp were tested in a feeding trial, which lasted for 8 weeks. Fish was fed at 2.5% body mass per day. INU02, INU2, and MOS2 significantly improved relative weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and food conversion ratio of grass carp fed with food waste-based diet. In terms of non-specific immune response, grass carp showed significant improvement in all three tested parameters (total serum immunoglobin, bactericidal activity, and anti-protease activity). Adding 2% of inulin (INU2) into food waste diets seemed to be more preferable than other supplemented experimental diets (INU02, MOS02, MOS2), as it could promote growth of grass carp as well as improving the non-specific immune systems of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y Mo
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER) and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wai M Choi
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER) and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clare H I Lun
- Environmental Science Programs, School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu B Man
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - James T F Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xun W Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Stanley C K Lau
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming H Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER) and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Hu J, Qiu L, Wang X, Zou X, Lu M, Yin J. Carbohydrate-based vaccine adjuvants - discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1133-44. [PMID: 26372693 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1067198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The addition of a suitable adjuvant to a vaccine can generate significant effective adaptive immune responses. There is an urgent need for the development of novel po7tent and safe adjuvants for human vaccines. Carbohydrate molecules are promising adjuvants for human vaccines due to their high biocompatibility and good tolerability in vivo. AREAS COVERED The present review covers a few promising carbohydrate-based adjuvants, lipopolysaccharide, trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate, QS-21 and inulin as examples, which have been extensively studied in human vaccines in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. The authors discuss the current status, applications and strategies of development of each adjuvant and different adjuvant formulation systems. This information gives insight regarding the exciting prospect in the field of carbohydrate-based adjuvant research. EXPERT OPINION Carbohydrate-based adjuvants are promising candidates as an alternative to the Alum salts for human vaccines development. Furthermore, combining two or more adjuvants in one formulation is one of the effective strategies in adjuvant development. However, further research efforts are needed to study and develop novel adjuvants systems, which can be more stable, potent and safe. The development of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry can improve the study of carbohydrate-based adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- a 1 Jiangnan University, Wuxi Medical School , Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Liying Qiu
- a 1 Jiangnan University, Wuxi Medical School , Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- b 2 Jiangnan University, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, China +86 51 085 328 229 ; +86 51 085 328 229 ;
| | - Xiaopeng Zou
- b 2 Jiangnan University, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, China +86 51 085 328 229 ; +86 51 085 328 229 ;
| | - Mengji Lu
- c 3 University Hospital Essen, Institute of Virology , Hufelandstr, 55, 45122 Essen, Germany +49 2 017 233 530 ; +49 2 017 235 929 ;
| | - Jian Yin
- b 2 Jiangnan University, The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology , Lihu Avenue 1800, 214122, Wuxi, China +86 51 085 328 229 ; +86 51 085 328 229 ;
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Madej J, Stefaniak T, Bednarczyk M. Effect of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on lymphoid-organs’ morphology in chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1209-19. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yang J, Yang F, Yang H, Wang G. Water-soluble polysaccharide isolated with alkali from the stem of Physalis alkekengi L.: Structural characterization and immunologic enhancement in DNA vaccine. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:248-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Flores AC, Morlett JA, Rodríguez R. Inulin Potential for Enzymatic Obtaining of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:1893-902. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.807220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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44
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Application of inulin in cheese as prebiotic, fat replacer and texturizer: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 119:85-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University
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Yang H, Han S, Zhao D, Wang G. Adjuvant effect of polysaccharide from fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. in DNA vaccine against systemic candidiasis. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 109:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Garai P, Gogoi M, Gopal G, Radhakrishnan Y, Nandakumar KS, Chakravortty D. The basics and advances of immunomodulators and antigen presentation: a key to development of potent memory response against pathogens. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1383-97. [PMID: 24897303 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.925871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunomodulators are agents, which can modulate the immune response to specific antigens, while causing least toxicity to the host system. Being part of the modern vaccine formulations, these compounds have contributed remarkably to the field of therapeutics. Despite the successful record maintained by these agents, the requirement of novel immunomodulators keeps increasing due to the increasing severity of diseases. Hence, research regarding the same holds great importance. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the role of immunomodulators in improving performance of various vaccines used for counteracting most threatening infectious diseases, mechanisms behind their action and criteria for development of novel immunomodulators. EXPERT OPINION Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying immune response is a prerequisite for development of effective therapeutics as these are often exploited by pathogens for their own propagation. Keeping this in mind, the present research in the field of immunotherapy focuses on developing immunomodulators that would not only enhance the protection against pathogen, but also generate a long-term memory response. With the introduction of advanced formulations including combination of different kinds of immunomodulators, one can expect tremendous success in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garai
- Indian Institute of Science, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology , Bangalore, 560012 , India +91 80 2293 2842 ; +91 80 2360 2697 ;
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Tonnis W, Amorij JP, Vreeman M, Frijlink H, Kersten G, Hinrichs W. Improved storage stability and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine after spray-freeze drying in presence of sugars. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 55:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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In vitro assessment of agave fructans (Agave salmiana) as prebiotics and immune system activators. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 63:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Cooper PD, Barclay TG, Ginic-Markovic M, Petrovsky N. Gamma ray sterilization of delta inulin adjuvant particles (Advax™) makes minor, partly reversible structural changes without affecting adjuvant activity. Vaccine 2014; 32:552-7. [PMID: 24342245 PMCID: PMC4047428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We earlier identified a developmental series of seven isoforms/polymorphs of microparticulate inulin by comparing non-covalent bonding strengths. Their pharmaceutical utility lies in the modulation of cellular immunity, exploited as vaccine adjuvants (Advax™) especially for delta inulin (DI). As such particles cannot be sterilized by filtration we explore the effect of (60)Co gamma radiation (GR) on inulin isoforms, particularly DI. Its adjuvant activity and overt physical properties were unaffected by normal GR sterilizing doses (up to 25kGy). Heating irradiated isoform suspensions near their critical dissolution temperature revealed increased solubility deduced to reflect a single lethal event in one component of a multi-component structure. Local oxidative effects of GR on DI were not found. The observed DI loss was almost halved by re-annealing at the critical temperature: surviving inulin chains apparently reassemble into smaller amounts of the original type of structure. Colorimetric tetrazolium assay revealed increases in reducing activity after GR of raw inulin powder, which yielded DI with normal physical properties but only 25% normal recovery yet 4× normal reducing ability, implying final retention of some GR-changed inulin chains. These findings suggest minimal inulin chain cleavage and confirm that GR may be a viable strategy for terminal sterilization of microparticulate inulin adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cooper
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia; Cancer Research Laboratory, Australian National University Medical School, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra 2605, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - T G Barclay
- The Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia
| | - M Ginic-Markovic
- The Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5095, Australia
| | - N Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre/Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
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