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Li C, Nong W, Boncan DAT, So WL, Yip HY, Swale T, Jia Q, Vicentin IG, Chung G, Bendena WG, Ngo JCK, Chan TF, Lam HM, Hui JHL. Elucidating the ecophysiology of soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) based on de novo genome assembly and transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:327. [PMID: 38565997 PMCID: PMC10985886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Food security is important for the ever-growing global population. Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is cultivated worldwide providing a key source of food, protein and oil. Hence, it is imperative to maintain or to increase its yield under different conditions including challenges caused by abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, the soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris has emerged as an important agricultural insect pest in East, South and Southeast Asia. Here, we present a genomics resource for R. pedestris including its genome assembly, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) transcriptomes at different developmental stages and from different organs. As insect hormone biosynthesis genes (genes involved in metamorphosis) and their regulators such as miRNAs are potential targets for pest control, we analyzed the sesquiterpenoid (juvenile) and ecdysteroid (molting) hormone biosynthesis pathway genes including their miRNAs and relevant neuropeptides. Temporal gene expression changes of these insect hormone biosynthesis pathways were observed at different developmental stages. Similarly, a diet-specific response in gene expression was also observed in both head and salivary glands. Furthermore, we observed that microRNAs (bantam, miR-14, miR-316, and miR-263) of R. pedestris fed with different types of soybeans were differentially expressed in the salivary glands indicating a diet-specific response. Interestingly, the opposite arms of miR-281 (-5p and -3p), a miRNA involved in regulating development, were predicted to target Hmgs genes of R. pedestris and soybean, respectively. These observations among others highlight stinkbug's responses as a function of its interaction with soybean. In brief, the results of this study not only present salient findings that could be of potential use in pest management and mitigation but also provide an invaluable resource for R. pedestris as an insect model to facilitate studies on plant-pest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chade Li
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Delbert Almerick T Boncan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
| | - Wai Lok So
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Yip
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | | | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ignacio G Vicentin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Avenida Rivadavia, Ciudad de Buenos, 1439, Argentina
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jacky C K Ngo
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
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Trebels B, Dippel S, Anders J, Ernst C, Goetz B, Keyser T, Rexer KH, Wimmer EA, Schachtner J. Anatomic and neurochemical analysis of the palpal olfactory system in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, HERBST. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1097462. [PMID: 36998268 PMCID: PMC10043995 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1097462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The paired antennal lobes were long considered the sole primary processing centers of the olfactory pathway in holometabolous insects receiving input from the olfactory sensory neurons of the antennae and mouthparts. In hemimetabolous insects, however, olfactory cues of the antennae and palps are processed separately. For the holometabolous red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, we could show that primary processing of the palpal and antennal olfactory input also occurs separately and at distinct neuronal centers. While the antennal olfactory sensory neurons project into the antennal lobes, those of the palps project into the paired glomerular lobes and the unpaired gnathal olfactory center. Here we provide an extended analysis of the palpal olfactory pathway by combining scanning electron micrographs with confocal imaging of immunohistochemical staining and reporter expression identifying chemosensory and odorant receptor-expressing neurons in the palpal sensilla. In addition, we extended the anatomical characterization of the gnathal olfactory center by 3D reconstructions and investigated the distribution of several neuromediators. The similarities in the neuromediator repertoire between antennal lobes, glomerular lobes, and gnathal olfactory center underline the role of the latter two as additional primary olfactory processing centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Trebels
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Stefan Dippel
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Janet Anders
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clara Ernst
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Goetz
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Keyser
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Rexer
- Biodiversity of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ernst A. Wimmer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
| | - Joachim Schachtner
- Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Joachim Schachtner Björn Trebels Ernst A. Wimmer
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3
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Diesner M, Bläser M, Eckardt S, Iliffe TM, Boelen Theile E, Predel R. Expression pattern of CAPA/pyrokinin neuropeptide genes in Remipedia and silverfish: Rapid differentiation after gene duplication in early Hexapoda, followed by strong conservation of newly established features in insects. Peptides 2021; 144:170610. [PMID: 34242680 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Only few genes are known from insects that encode multiple neuropeptides, i.e., peptides that activate different receptors. Among those are the capa and pk genes, which differentiated within Hexapoda following gene duplication. In our study, we focus on the early stages of differentiation of these genes. Specifically: (1) What was the expression pattern of the ancestral capa/pk gene, i.e., prior to gene duplication? (2) What is the expression pattern of capa and pk in silverfish, whose ancestors diverged from Pterygota more than 400 mya? Our results suggest the location and projection of CAPA immunoreactive Va cells in abdominal ganglia (trunk ganglia in Remipedia) are a plesiomorphic trait that was already present in the ancestor of Remipedia and Hexapoda. General features of serial homology such as location of cells bodies, contralateral projection of primary neurites, and presumed peripheral peptide release from segmentally arranged neurohemal release sites could be observed in Remipedia and silverfish, but also in all Pterygota studied so far. Differences are mainly in the specific location of these peripheral release sites. This hypothetical basic pattern of capa/pk neurons underwent modifications in the anterior ganglia of the ventral nerve cord already in Remipedia. In silverfish, as in all Pterygota studied so far, pk expression in the CNS is apparently restricted to the gnathal ganglia, whereas capa expression is typical of abdominal Va cells. Thus, differentiation in the expression pattern of capa and pk genes occurred early in the evolution of Hexapoda; likely soon after the appearance of two separate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Diesner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Bläser
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Eckardt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M Iliffe
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77554, USA
| | - Erik Boelen Theile
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Predel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, D-50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Neuromodulation Can Be Simple: Myoinhibitory Peptide, Contained in Dedicated Regulatory Pathways, Is the Only Neurally-Mediated Peptide Modulator of Stick Insect Leg Muscle. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2911-2929. [PMID: 33531417 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0188-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the best studied cases (Aplysia feeding, crustacean stomatogastric system), peptidergic modulation is mediated by large numbers of peptides. Furthermore, in Aplysia, excitatory motor neurons release the peptides, obligatorily coupling target activation and modulator release. Vertebrate nervous systems typically contain about a hundred peptide modulators. These data have created a belief that modulation is, in general, complex. The stick insect leg is a well-studied locomotory model system, and the complete stick insect neuropeptide inventory was recently described. We used multiple techniques to comprehensively examine stick insect leg peptidergic modulation. Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) and immunohistochemistry showed that myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) is the only neuronal (as opposed to hemolymph-borne) peptide modulator of all leg muscles. Leg muscle excitatory motor neurons contained no neuropeptides. Only the common inhibitor (CI) and dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neuron groups, each neuron of which innervates a group of functionally-related leg muscles, contained MIP. We described MIP transport to, and receptor presence in, one leg muscle, the extensor tibiae (ExtTi). MIP application reduced ExtTi slow fiber force and shortening by about half, increasing the muscle's ability to contract and relax rapidly. These data show neuromodulation does not need to be complex. Excitation and modulation do not need to be obligatorily coupled (Aplysia feeding). Modulation does not need to involve large numbers of peptides, with the attendant possibility of combinatorial explosion (stomatogastric system). Modulation can be simple, mediated by dedicated regulatory neurons, each innervating a single group of functionally-related targets, and all using the same neuropeptide.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems contain large numbers (around a hundred in human brain) of peptide neurotransmitters. In prior work, neuropeptide modulation has been complex, either obligatorily coupling postsynaptic excitation and modulation, or large numbers of peptides modulating individual neural networks. The complete stick insect neuropeptide inventory was recently described. We comprehensively describe here peptidergic modulation in the stick insect leg. Surprisingly, out of the large number of potential peptide transmitters, only myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) was present in neurons innervating leg muscles. Furthermore, the peptide was present only in dedicated regulatory neurons, not in leg excitatory motor neurons. Peptidergic modulation can thus be simple, neither obligatorily coupling target activation and modulation nor involving so many peptides that combinatorial explosion can occur.
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5
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Zeng H, Qin Y, Du E, Wei Q, Li Y, Huang D, Wang G, Veenstra JA, Li S, Li N. Genomics- and Peptidomics-Based Discovery of Conserved and Novel Neuropeptides in the American Cockroach. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:1217-1228. [PMID: 33166158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a model hemimetabolous insect species and an invasive urban pest that is globally distributed, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, is of great interest in both basic and applied research. Previous studies on P. americana neuropeptide identification have been based on biochemical isolation and molecular cloning. In the present study, an integrated approach of genomics- and peptidomics-based discovery was performed for neuropeptide identification in this insect species. First, 67 conserved neuropeptide or neurohormone precursor genes were predicted via an in silico analysis of the P. americana genome and transcriptome. Using a large-scale peptidomic analysis of peptide extracts from four different tissues (the central nervous system, corpora cardiac and corpora allata complex, midgut, and male accessory gland), 35 conserved (predicted) neuropeptides and a potential (novel) neuropeptide were then identified. Subsequent experiments revealed the tissue distribution, sex difference, and developmental patterns of two conserved neuropeptides (allatostatin B and short neuropeptide F) and a novel neuropeptide (PaOGS36577). Our study shows a comprehensive neuropeptidome and detailed spatiotemporal distribution patterns, providing a solid basis for future functional studies of neuropeptides in the American cockroach (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021660).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchao Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Yiru Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Erxia Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Qiulan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jan A Veenstra
- INCIA, UMR 5287 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac F33615, France
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
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6
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Hillyer JF. Insect heart rhythmicity is modulated by evolutionarily conserved neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:41-48. [PMID: 30551824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Insects utilize an open circulatory system to transport nutrients, waste, hormones and immune factors throughout the hemocoel. The primary organ that drives hemolymph circulation is the dorsal vessel, which is a muscular tube that traverses the length of the body and is divided into an aorta in the head and thorax, and a heart in the abdomen. The dorsal vessel is myogenic, but its rhythmicity is modulated by neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. This review summarizes how neuropeptides such as crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide-like peptides, proctolin, allatotropin and allatostatin modulate the heart contraction rate and the directionality of heart contractions. Likewise, it discusses how neurotransmitters such as serotonin, octopamine, glutamate and nitric oxide influence the heart rate, and how transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are advancing our understanding of insect circulatory physiology. Finally, this review argues that the immune system may modulate heart rhythmicity, and discusses how the myotropic activity of cardioactive factors extends to the accessory pulsatile organs, such as the auxiliary hearts of the antennae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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7
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Antemann V, Pass G, Pflüger HJ. Octopaminergic innervation and a neurohaemal release site in the antennal heart of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 204:131-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Chintapalli RTV, Hillyer JF. Hemolymph circulation in insect flight appendages: physiology of the wing heart and circulatory flow in the wings of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:3945-3951. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.148254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The wings of insects are composed of membranes supported by interconnected veins. Within these veins are epithelial cells, nerves and tracheae, and their maintenance requires the flow of hemolymph. For this purpose, insects employ accessory pulsatile organs (auxiliary hearts) that circulate hemolymph throughout the wings. Here, we used correlative approaches to determine the functional mechanics of hemolymph circulation in the wings of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Examination of sectioned tissues and intravital videos showed that the wing heart is located underneath the scutellum and is separate from the dorsal vessel. It is composed of a single pulsatile diaphragm (indicating that it is unpaired) that contracts at 3 Hz and circulates hemolymph throughout both wings. The wing heart contracts significantly faster than the dorsal vessel, and there is no correlation between the contractions of these two pulsatile organs. The wing heart functions by aspirating hemolymph out of the posterior wing veins, which forces hemolymph into the wings via anterior veins. By tracking the movement of fluorescent microspheres, we show that the flow diameter of the wing circulatory circuit is less than 1 µm, and we present a spatial map detailing the flow of hemolymph across all the wing veins, including the costa, sub-costa, ambient costa, radius, media, cubitus anterior, anal vein, and crossveins. We also quantified the movement of hemolymph within the radius and within the ambient costa, and show that hemolymph velocity and maximum acceleration are higher when hemolymph is exiting the wing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julián F. Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA, 37205
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Suggs JM, Jones TH, Murphree CS, Hillyer JF. CCAP and FMRFamide-like peptides accelerate the contraction rate of the antennal accessory pulsatile organs (auxiliary hearts) of mosquitoes. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2388-95. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.141655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Insects rely on specialized accessory pulsatile organs (APOs), also known as auxiliary hearts, to propel hemolymph into their antennae. In most insects, this is accomplished via the pulsations of a pair of ampulla located in the head, each of which propels hemolymph across an antenna via an antennal vessel. Once at the distal end of the appendage, hemolymph returns to the head via the antennal hemocoel. Although the structure of the antennal hearts has been elucidated in various insect orders, their hormonal modulation has only been studied in cockroaches and other hemimetabolous insects within the superorder Polyneoptera, where proctolin and FMRFamide-like peptides accelerate the contraction rate of these auxiliary hearts. Here, we assessed the hormonal modulation of the antennal APOs of mosquitoes, a group of holometabolous (Endopterygota) insects within the order Diptera. We show that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide and SALDKNFMRFamide increase the contraction rate of the antennal APOs and the heart of Anopheles gambiae. Both antennal hearts are synchronously responsive to these neuropeptides, but their contractions are asynchronous with the contraction of the heart. Furthermore, we show that these neuropeptides increase the velocity and maximum acceleration of hemolymph within the antennal space, suggesting that each contraction is also more forceful. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that hormones of a holometabolous insect modulate the contraction dynamics of an auxiliary heart, and the first report that shows that the hormones of any insect accelerate the velocity of hemolymph in the antennal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Suggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Talitha H. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Julián F. Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Chen R, Xiao M, Buchberger A, Li L. Quantitative neuropeptidomics study of the effects of temperature change in the crab Cancer borealis. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5767-76. [PMID: 25214466 PMCID: PMC4261957 DOI: 10.1021/pr500742q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Temperature changes influence the
reaction rates of all biological
processes, which can pose dramatic challenges to cold-blooded organisms,
and the capability to adapt to temperature fluctuations is crucial
for the survival of these animals. In order to understand the roles
that neuropeptides play in the temperature stress response, we employed
a mass spectrometry-based approach to investigate the neuropeptide
changes associated with acute temperature elevation in three neural
tissues from the Jonah crab Cancer borealis. At high temperature, members from two neuropeptide families, including
RFamide and RYamide, were observed to be significantly reduced in
one of the neuroendocrine structures, the pericardial organ, while
several orcokinin peptides were detected to be decreased in another
major neuroendocrine organ, the sinus gland. These results implicate
that the observed neuropeptides may be involved with temperature perturbation
response via hormonal regulation. Furthermore, a temperature stress
marker peptide with the primary sequence of SFRRMGGKAQ (m/z 1137.7) was detected and de novo sequenced in
the circulating fluid (hemolymph) from animals under thermal perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070, China
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Binzer M, Heuer CM, Kollmann M, Kahnt J, Hauser F, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP, Schachtner J. Neuropeptidome of Tribolium castaneum antennal lobes and mushroom bodies. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:337-57. [PMID: 23818034 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a highly diverse group of signaling molecules that affect a broad range of biological processes in insects, including development, metabolism, behavior, and reproduction. In the central nervous system, neuropeptides are usually considered to act as neuromodulators and cotransmitters that modify the effect of "classical" transmitters at the synapse. The present study analyzes the neuropeptide repertoire of higher cerebral neuropils in the brain of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We focus on two integrative neuropils of the olfactory pathway, the antennal lobes and the mushroom bodies. Using the technique of direct peptide profiling by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that these neuropils can be characterized by their specific neuropeptide expression profiles. Complementary immunohistological analyses of selected neuropeptides revealed neuropeptide distribution patterns within the antennal lobes and the mushroom bodies. Both approaches revealed consistent differences between the neuropils, underlining that direct peptide profiling by mass spectrometry is a fast and reliable method to identify neuropeptide content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Binzer
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Identification of two capa cDNA transcripts and detailed peptidomic characterization of their peptide products in Periplaneta americana. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Luo SL, Huang XJ, Wang Y, Jiang RW, Wang L, Bai LL, Peng QL, Song CL, Zhang DM, Ye WC. Isocoumarins from American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) and their cytotoxic activities. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:115-20. [PMID: 24631766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Four new isocoumarins (1-4), along with three known ones (5-7), were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of the whole body of the traditional Chinese insect medicine, American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). The structures with absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods in combination with X-ray diffraction experiment and CD analyses. Compounds 3-5 showed significant cytotoxic activities in HepG2 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values in the ranges 6.41-23.91 μM and 6.67-39.07 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lin Luo
- Department of Phytochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Liang-Liang Bai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Qun-Long Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Cai-Lu Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Department of Phytochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; JNU-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience & Innovative Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Gruber F, Knapek S, Fujita M, Matsuo K, Bräcker L, Shinzato N, Siwanowicz I, Tanimura T, Tanimoto H. Suppression of Conditioned Odor Approach by Feeding Is Independent of Taste and Nutritional Value in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2013; 23:507-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Heuer CM, Kollmann M, Binzer M, Schachtner J. Neuropeptides in insect mushroom bodies. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2012; 41:199-226. [PMID: 22401884 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their experimental amenability, insect nervous systems continue to be in the foreground of investigations into information processing in - ostensibly - simple neuronal networks. Among the cerebral neuropil regions that hold a particular fascination for neurobiologists are the paired mushroom bodies, which, despite their function in other behavioral contexts, are most renowned for their role in learning and memory. The quest to understand the processes that underlie these capacities has been furthered by research focusing on unraveling neuroanatomical connections of the mushroom bodies and identifying key players that characterize the molecular machinery of mushroom body neurons. However, on a cellular level, communication between intrinsic and extrinsic mushroom body neurons still remains elusive. The present account aims to provide an overview on the repertoire of neuropeptides expressed in and utilized by mushroom body neurons. Existing data for a number of insect representatives is compiled and some open gaps in the record are filled by presenting additional original data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten M Heuer
- Philipps-University Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Marburg, Germany.
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Predel R, Neupert S, Huetteroth W, Kahnt J, Waidelich D, Roth S. Peptidomics-Based Phylogeny and Biogeography of Mantophasmatodea (Hexapoda). Syst Biol 2012; 61:609-29. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/sys003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Predel
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Neupert
- Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolf Huetteroth
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kahnt
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Roth
- The Natural History Collections, University Museum of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
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Neupert S, Fusca D, Schachtner J, Kloppenburg P, Predel R. Toward a single-cell-based analysis of neuropeptide expression in Periplaneta americana antennal lobe neurons. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:694-716. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Dircksen H, Neupert S, Predel R, Verleyen P, Huybrechts J, Strauss J, Hauser F, Stafflinger E, Schneider M, Pauwels K, Schoofs L, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP. Genomics, transcriptomics, and peptidomics of Daphnia pulex neuropeptides and protein hormones. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4478-504. [PMID: 21830762 DOI: 10.1021/pr200284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report 43 novel genes in the water flea Daphnia pulex encoding 73 predicted neuropeptide and protein hormones as partly confirmed by RT-PCR. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified 40 neuropeptides by mass matches and 30 neuropeptides by fragmentation sequencing. Single genes encode adipokinetic hormone, allatostatin-A, allatostatin-B, allatotropin, Ala(7)-CCAP, CCHamide, Arg(7)-corazonin, DENamides, CRF-like (DH52) and calcitonin-like (DH31) diuretic hormones, two ecdysis-triggering hormones, two FIRFamides, one insulin, two alternative splice forms of ion transport peptide (ITP), myosuppressin, neuroparsin, two neuropeptide-F splice forms, three periviscerokinins (but no pyrokinins), pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, Met(4)-proctolin, short neuropeptide-F, three RYamides, SIFamide, two sulfakinins, and three tachykinins. There are two genes for a preprohormone containing orcomyotropin-like peptides and orcokinins, two genes for N-terminally elongated ITPs, two genes (clustered) for eclosion hormones, two genes (clustered) for bursicons alpha, beta, and two genes (clustered) for glycoproteins GPA2, GPB5, three genes for different allatostatins-C (two of them clustered) and three genes for IGF-related peptides. Detailed comparisons of genes or their products with those from insects and decapod crustaceans revealed that the D. pulex peptides are often closer related to their insect than to their decapod crustacean homologues, confirming that branchiopods, to which Daphnia belongs, are the ancestor group of insects.
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Audsley N, Matthews HJ, Down RE, Weaver RJ. Neuropeptides associated with the central nervous system of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L). Peptides 2011; 32:434-40. [PMID: 20869420 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The peptidome of the central nervous system of adult cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L) was investigated using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Over twenty neuropeptides were identified from three different tissue sources, the combined brain/suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), the retrocerebral complex, and the thoracic-abdominal ganglion (TAG). A number of peptides were identified in all three tissues, including allatostatins, short neuropeptide F-like peptides, corazonin, a pyrokinin, and a myosuppressin. Adipokinetic hormone was restricted to the retrocerebral complex. Other peptides, including FMRFamides and sulfakinins were detected only in the brain/SOG and TAG. Some peptides, notably myoinhibitory peptides and tachykinins, which have been identified in other fly species, were not detected in any tissue sample. This study has structurally characterized for the first time, the neuropeptides from adult D. radicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Audsley
- The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
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20
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Gavra T, Libersat F. Involvement of the opioid system in the hypokinetic state induced in cockroaches by a parasitoid wasp. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2010; 197:279-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-010-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Walker RJ, Papaioannou S, Holden-Dye L. A review of FMRFamide- and RFamide-like peptides in metazoa. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2010; 9:111-53. [PMID: 20191373 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-010-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a diverse class of signalling molecules that are widely employed as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in animals, both invertebrate and vertebrate. However, despite their fundamental importance to animal physiology and behaviour, they are much less well understood than the small molecule neurotransmitters. The neuropeptides are classified into families according to similarities in their peptide sequence; and on this basis, the FMRFamide and RFamide-like peptides, first discovered in molluscs, are an example of a family that is conserved throughout the animal phyla. In this review, the literature on these neuropeptides has been consolidated with a particular emphasis on allowing a comparison between data sets in phyla as diverse as coelenterates and mammals. The intention is that this focus on the structure and functional aspects of FMRFamide and RFamide-like neuropeptides will inform understanding of conserved principles and distinct properties of signalling across the animal phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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22
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Wegener C, Neupert S, Predel R. Direct MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric peptide profiling of neuroendocrine tissue of Drosophila. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 615:117-27. [PMID: 20013204 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-535-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric peptide profiling is increasingly used to analyze the peptide complement in the nervous system of a variety of invertebrate animals, from leech to Aplysia and many arthropod species, especially insects and crustaceans. Proper sample preparation is often the most crucial step to obtain the necessary data. Here, we describe protocols for the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to directly analyze the peptidome of neuroendocrine tissues of insects, particularly Drosophila melanogaster, by MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wegener
- Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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23
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Altstein M, Nässel DR. Neuropeptide signaling in insects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 692:155-65. [PMID: 21189678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6902-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides represent the largest single class of signal compounds and are involved in regulation of development, growth, reproduction, metabolism and behavior of insects. Over the last few years there has been a tremendous increase in our knowledge of neuropeptide signaling due to genome sequencing, peptidomics, gene micro arrays, receptor characterization and targeted gene interference combined with physiological and behavior analysis. In this chapter we review the current knowledge of structure and distribution of insect neuropeptides and their receptors, as well as their diverse functions. We also discuss peptide biosynthesis, processing and expression, as well as classification of insect neuropeptides. Special attention is paid to the role insect neuropeptides play as potential targets for pest management and as a basis for development of insect control agents employing the rational/structural design approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Altstein
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250 Israel.
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Rahman MM, Fromm B, Neupert S, Kreusch S, Predel R. Extended FMRFamides in dipteran insects: conservative expression in the neuroendocrine system is accompanied by rapid sequence evolution. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 162:52-8. [PMID: 18789334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extended FMRFamides are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS) of insects and exhibit diverse physiological effects on different target organs, such as muscles, intestine, and the nervous system. The genes encoding for extended FMRFamides are known from a number of flies, including Drosophila species, and the pest insects Lucilia cuprina, Calliphora vomitoria, and Musca domestica. No data, however, exist about the expression of the numerous paralogs of the latter three species, and studies on Drosophila melanogaster resulted in controversial findings. We could unambiguously verify, that all predictable products of the extended FMRFamide precursor are expressed in neurohemal tissues of the thoracic neuromers of these flies and can easily be identified and also sequenced by using single specimens. In addition to the confirmation of extended FMRFamides in species with known precursor sequences, the current knowledge about homologous peptides of Sarcophaga (=Neobellieria) bullata could be extended by de novo sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry. The most intriguing finding in this study was the detection of an internal gene duplication, followed by an amino acid substitution, in an insecticide-resistant strain of L. cuprina. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of such an intraspecific event and confirms the low conservation of the extended FMRFamide gene sequences. In insects, no other neuropeptide family is known that shows such sequence variability between related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rahman
- Department of General Zoology and Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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25
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Roth S, Fromm B, Gäde G, Predel R. A proteomic approach for studying insect phylogeny: CAPA peptides of ancient insect taxa (Dictyoptera, Blattoptera) as a test case. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:50. [PMID: 19257902 PMCID: PMC2667406 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropeptide ligands have to fit exactly into their respective receptors and thus the evolution of the coding regions of their genes is constrained and may be strongly conserved. As such, they may be suitable for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within higher taxa. CAPA peptides of major lineages of cockroaches (Blaberidae, Blattellidae, Blattidae, Polyphagidae, Cryptocercidae) and of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis were chosen to test the above hypothesis. The phylogenetic relationships within various groups of the taxon Dictyoptera (praying mantids, termites and cockroaches) are still highly disputed. Results Tandem mass spectrometry of neuropeptides from perisympathetic organs was used to obtain sequence data of CAPA peptides from single specimens; the data were analysed by Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Interference. The resulting cladograms, taking 61 species into account, show a topology which is in general agreement with recent molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, including the recent phylogenetic arrangement placing termites within the cockroaches. When sequence data sets from other neuropeptides, viz. adipokinetic hormones and sulfakinins, were included, the general topology of the cladogram did not change but bootstrap values increased considerably. Conclusion This study represents the first comprehensive survey of neuropeptides of insects for solely phylogenetic purposes and concludes that sequences of short neuropeptides are suitable to complement molecular biological and morphological data for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Roth
- Institute of Zoology, University of Jena, Erbertstrasse, Germany.
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Wegener C, Gorbashov A. Molecular evolution of neuropeptides in the genus Drosophila. Genome Biol 2008; 9:R131. [PMID: 18717992 PMCID: PMC2575521 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-8-r131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The first genomic and chemical characterization of fruit fly neuropeptides outside Drosophila melanogaster provides insights into the evolution of the neuropeptidome in this genus. Background Neuropeptides comprise the most diverse group of neuronal signaling molecules. They often occur as multiple sequence-related copies within single precursors (the prepropeptides). These multiple sequence-related copies have not arisen by gene duplication, and it is debated whether they are mutually redundant or serve specific functions. The fully sequenced genomes of 12 Drosophila species provide a unique opportunity to study the molecular evolution of neuropeptides. Results We data-mined the 12 Drosophila genomes for homologs of neuropeptide genes identified in Drosophila melanogaster. We then predicted peptide precursors and the neuropeptidome, and biochemically identified about half of the predicted peptides by direct mass spectrometric profiling of neuroendocrine tissue in four species covering main phylogenetic lines of Drosophila. We found that all species have an identical neuropeptidome and peptide hormone complement. Calculation of amino acid distances showed that ortholog peptide copies are highly sequence-conserved between species, whereas the observed sequence variability between peptide copies within single precursors must have occurred prior to the divergence of the Drosophila species. Conclusion We provide a first genomic and chemical characterization of fruit fly neuropeptides outside D. melanogaster. Our results suggest that neuropeptides including multiple peptide copies are under stabilizing selection, which suggests that multiple peptide copies are functionally important and not dispensable. The last common ancestor of Drosophila obviously had a set of neuropeptides and peptide hormones identical to that of modern fruit flies. This is remarkable, since drosophilid flies have adapted to very different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wegener
- Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Philipps-University, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Soehler S, Neupert S, Predel R, Stengl M. Examination of the role of FMRFamide-related peptides in the circadian clock of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 332:257-69. [PMID: 18338182 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The accessory medulla, the circadian clock of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae, is abundant in neuropeptides. Among these neuropeptides are the FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which generally share the C-terminal RFamide. As a first step toward understanding the functional role of FaRPs in the circadian clock of the cockroach, immunocytochemistry with antisera against various FaRPs, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and injections of two FaRPs combined with running-wheel assays were performed. Prominent FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity was found in maximally four soma clusters associated with the accessory medulla and in most neuropils of the protocerebrum. By MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, various extended FMRFamides of the cockroach L. maderae were partially identified in thoracic perisympathetic organs, structures known to accumulate extended FMRFamides in insects. By mass match, several of these peptides were also detected in the accessory medulla. Injections of FMRFamide and Pea-FMRFa-7 (DRSDNFIRF-NH(2)) into the vicinity of the accessory medulla caused time-dependent phase-shifts of locomotor activity rhythms at circadian times 8, 18, and 4. Thus, our data suggest a role for the different FaRPs in the control of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in L. maderae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Soehler
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Southey BR, Sweedler JV, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Prediction of neuropeptide cleavage sites in insects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 24:815-25. [PMID: 18252740 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION The production of neuropeptides from their precursor proteins is the result of a complex series of enzymatic processing steps. Often, the annotation of new neuropeptide genes from sequence information outstrips biochemical assays and so bioinformatics tools can provide rapid information on the most likely peptides produced by a gene. Predicting the final bioactive neuropeptides from precursor proteins requires accurate algorithms to determine which locations in the protein are cleaved. RESULTS Predictive models were trained on Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster precursors using binary logistic regression, multi-layer perceptron and k-nearest neighbor models. The final predictive models included specific amino acids at locations relative to the cleavage sites. Correct classification rates ranged from 78 to 100% indicating that the models adequately predicted cleaved and non-cleaved positions across a wide range of neuropeptide families and insect species. The model trained on D.melanogaster data had better generalization properties than the model trained on A. mellifera for the data sets considered. The reliable and consistent performance of the models in the test data sets suggests that the bioinformatics strategies proposed here can accurately predict neuropeptides in insects with sequence information based on neuropeptides with biochemical and sequence information in well-studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Southey
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Weaver RJ, Audsley N. Neuropeptides of the beetle, Tenebrio molitor identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and deduced sequences from the Tribolium castaneum genome. Peptides 2008; 29:168-78. [PMID: 18201799 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Four neuropeptides were identified from the brain and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and information derived from the genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Leucomyosuppressin (a FLRFamide), previously associated with cockroaches, but also subsequently identified from honey bee seen as a prominent peptide in both brain and CC-CA of T.molitor. A coding sequence for this peptide is found in the genome of T. castaneum. In addition, three FXPRLamides (pyrokinins), provisionally Tenmo-PK-1, Tenmo-PK-2 and Tenmo-PK-3 (HVVNFTPRLamide, SPPFAPRLamide, HL(I)SPFSPRLamide) were identified in both CC-CA and brain of T. molitor, again on the basis of predicted occurrence or similarity in T. castaneum. The sequence of Tenmo-PK-2 is the same as the PK-2 of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Other peptides readily predicted from the genome of T. castaneum include two AKH/HrTH peptides (Trica-AKH-1; pELNFSTDWamide and Trica-AKH-2; pELNFTPNWamide), the second of which is identical to Pyrap-AKH, an AKH-related peptide (Trica AKH-L; pEVTFSRDWPamide), two CRF-related diuretic factors (Trica-DH 37 and Trica-DH 47), the latter identical to Tenmo-DH 47, a putative antidiuretic factor (Trica-ADFb; LYDDGSYKPHVYGF-OH), two sulfakinin-like peptides (Trica-SK-1; pETSDDY(SO(3))GHLRFamide, and Trica SK-2; GEEPFDDYGHMRFamide), a potential allatostatin-C (Trica-AS; pESRYRQCYFNPISCF-OH), six allatostatin-B/myoinhibitory peptides (Trica-AST-B-1,2,3,4,5 & 6; DWNKDLHIWamide, GWNNLHEGWamide, AWQSLQSGWamide, NWGQFHGGWamide, SKWDNFRGSWamide, EPAWSNLGIWamide), an allatotropin-like peptide (Trica-ATL; GIEALKYHNMDLGTARGYamide), four 'CAPA'-related peptides (Trica-CAPA-1,2,3,4; NKLASVYALTPSLRVamide, RIGKMVSFPRIamide, PGANSGGMWFGPRLamide, SENFTPWAYIILNGEAPIIREVHYSPRLamide), proctolin (RYLPT), a potential SIFamide (Trica-SIFa; TYRKPPFNGSIFamide), an arginine-vasopressin-related peptide (Trica-AVP; CLITNCPRGamide) and an ITP-related peptide (Trica-ITP). No evidence was found for the presence of 'A' allatostatins (Y/FxFGLamides) or corazonin, either in T. molitor, or in the genome of T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Weaver
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK.
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Neupert S, Gundel M. Mass spectrometric analysis of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons in the prothoracic and subesophageal ganglion of Periplaneta americana. Peptides 2007; 28:11-7. [PMID: 17145118 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry combined with immunocytochemistry and retrograde labeling, was used to study the expression pattern and morphology of Pea-FMRFamide-related peptides in single neurons of the prothoracic ganglion and the subesophageal ganglion (SEG) of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. In contrast to the postero-lateral cells (PLCs) of the meta- and mesothoracic ganglion, the prothoracic FMRFamide-related peptides expressing neurons not only extend in the posterior median nerve but also in an anterior median nerve, which is described herein. The peptidome of the prothoracic PLCs is identical with that of the meso- and metathoracic neurons, respectively. In this study, we identified a truncated form of Pea-FMRFa-24 which was found to be more abundant than the peptide originally designated as Pea-FMRF-24. FMRFamide-related peptides expressing postero-lateral cells were also detected in the labial neuromere of the SEG. Although their projection could not be solved, mass spectrometric analyses revealed the same peptide complement in these neurons as found in the thoracic postero-lateral cells. In all neurons which we studied no co-localized peptides of other peptide families were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neupert
- Institute of General Zoology and Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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31
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Predel R, Neupert S. Social behavior and the evolution of neuropeptide genes: lessons from the honeybee genome. Bioessays 2007; 29:416-21. [PMID: 17450560 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Honeybees display a fascinating social behavior. The structural basis for this behavior, which made the bee a model organism for the study of communication, learning and memory formation, is the tiny insect brain. Neurons of the brain communicate via messenger molecules. Among these molecules, neuropeptides represent the structurally most-diverse group and occupy a high hierarchic position in the modulation of behavior. A recent analysis of the honeybee genome revealed a considerable number of predicted (200) and confirmed (100) neuropeptides in this insect. Is this quantity merely the result of advanced mass spectrometric techniques and bioinformatic tools or does it reflect the expression of more of these important messenger molecules, more than known from other insects studied so far? Our analysis of the data suggests that the social behavior is by no means correlated with a specific increase in the number of neuropeptides. Indeed, the honeybee genome is likely to contain fewer neuropeptide genes, neuropeptide paralogues and neuropeptide receptor genes than the solitary fruitfly Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Predel
- Institut of Zoology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany.
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32
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Predel R, Neupert S, Russell WK, Scheibner O, Nachman RJ. Corazonin in insects. Peptides 2007; 28:3-10. [PMID: 17140699 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corazonin is a peptidergic neurohormone of insects that is expressed in neurosecretory neurons of the pars lateralis of the protocerebrum and transported via nervi corporis cardiaci to the storage lobes of the corpora cardiaca. This peptide occurs with a single isoform in all insects studied so far, with the exception of the Coleoptera in which no corazonin form could be detected. Very few modifications of [Arg(7)]-corazonin, originally isolated from cockroaches, are known, namely [His(7)]-corazonin which is expressed in certain locusts and the stick insect Carausius morosus, and [Thr(4), His(7)]-corazonin recently described from the honey bee Apis mellifera. In this study, we performed a comprehensive screening for corazonin in the different insect groups after detecting of a fourth isoform in a crane fly, Tipula sp. ([Gln(10)]-corazonin). [Arg(7)]-corazonin is distributed in most major lineages of insects, and is thus the ancient form which was present at the time the phylum Insecta evolved. The replacement of Arg with His at position 7 from the N-terminus occurred several times in the evolution of insects. The third isoform, [Thr(4), His(7)]-corazonin, seems to be restricted to bees (Apidae); whereas wasps (Vespidae) and a bumble bee (Apidae) express other corazonins, specifically [His(7)]-corazonin and [Tyr(3), Gln(7), Gln(10)]-corazonin, respectively. A novel corazonin form, [His(4), Gln(7)]-corazonin, was also detected in all South African members of the newly described insect order Mantophasmatodea. The [His(4), Gln(7)]-corazonin separates these species from the Namibian Mantophasmatodea which express [Arg(7)]-corazonin and can be used as a distinct character to distinguish these morphologically similar insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Predel
- Areawide Pest Management Research, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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33
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Nässel DR, Homberg U. Neuropeptides in interneurons of the insect brain. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 326:1-24. [PMID: 16761145 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A large number of neuropeptides has been identified in the brain of insects. At least 35 neuropeptide precursor genes have been characterized in Drosophila melanogaster, some of which encode multiple peptides. Additional neuropeptides have been found in other insect species. With a few notable exceptions, most of the neuropeptides have been demonstrated in brain interneurons of various types. The products of each neuropeptide precursor seem to be co-expressed, and each precursor displays a unique neuronal distribution pattern. Commonly, each type of neuropeptide is localized to a relatively small number of neurons. We describe the distribution of neuropeptides in brain interneurons of a few well-studied insect species. Emphasis has been placed upon interneurons innervating specific brain areas, such as the optic lobes, accessory medulla, antennal lobes, central body, and mushroom bodies. The functional roles of some neuropeptides and their receptors have been investigated in D. melanogaster by molecular genetics techniques. In addition, behavioral and electrophysiological assays have addressed neuropeptide functions in the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. Thus, the involvement of brain neuropeptides in circadian clock function, olfactory processing, various aspects of feeding behavior, and learning and memory are highlighted in this review. Studies so far indicate that neuropeptides can play a multitude of functional roles in the brain and that even single neuropeptides are likely to be multifunctional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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34
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Yamanaka N, Žitňan D, Kim YJ, Adams ME, Hua YJ, Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Satake H, Mizoguchi A, Asaoka K, Tanaka Y, Kataoka H. Regulation of insect steroid hormone biosynthesis by innervating peptidergic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:8622-7. [PMID: 16707581 PMCID: PMC1482630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511196103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, steroid hormones named ecdysteroids elicit molting and metamorphosis. The prothoracic gland (PG) is a predominant source of ecdysteroids, where their biosynthesis (ecdysteroidogenesis) is regulated by several neuropeptides. Here, we report that FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) regulate ecdysteroidogenesis through direct innervation of the PG in the silkworm Bombyx mori. We purified a previously uncharacterized Bombyx FaRP, DPSFIRFamide, and identified the corresponding Bombyx FMRFamide gene (Bommo-FMRFamide, BRFa), which encodes three additional FaRPs. All BRFa peptides suppressed ecdysteroidogenesis in the PG by reducing cAMP production by means of the receptor for Bommo-myosuppressin, another FaRP we have previously shown to act as a prothoracicostatic factor. BRFa is predominantly expressed in neurosecretory cells of thoracic ganglia, and the neurons in the prothoracic ganglion innervate the PG to supply all four peptides to the gland surface. Electrophysiological recordings during development confirmed the increased firing activity of BRFa neurons in stages with low PG activity and decreased ecdysteroid levels in the hemolymph. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of peptides controlling ecdysteroidogenesis by direct innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamanaka
- *Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Dušan Žitňan
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84206 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Departments of Entomology and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 5429 Boyce Hall, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Michael E. Adams
- Departments of Entomology and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, 5429 Boyce Hall, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Yue-Jin Hua
- Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310029, China
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akemi Suzuki
- Frontier Research System, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- **Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; and Laboratories of
| | | | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Insect Growth Regulation, National Institute of Agrobiological Science, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- *Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Amare A, Hummon AB, Southey B, Zimmerman TA, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Sweedler JV. Bridging neuropeptidomics and genomics with bioinformatics: Prediction of mammalian neuropeptide prohormone processing. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1162-7. [PMID: 16674105 PMCID: PMC2548284 DOI: 10.1021/pr0504541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are an important class of cell to cell signaling molecules that are difficult to predict from genetic information because of their large number of post-translational modifications. The transition from prohormone genetic sequence information to the determination of the biologically active neuropeptides requires the identification of the cleaved basic sites, among the many possible cleavage sites, that exist in the prohormone. We report a binary logistic regression model trained on mammalian prohormones that is more sensitive than existing methods in predicting these processing sites, and demonstrate the application of this method to mammalian neuropeptidomic studies. By comparing the predictive abilities of a binary logistic model trained on molluscan prohormone cleavages with the reported model, we establish the need for phyla-specific models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andinet Amare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Bruce Southey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Tyler A. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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36
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Southey BR, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Sweedler JV. Prediction of neuropeptide prohormone cleavages with application to RFamides. Peptides 2006; 27:1087-98. [PMID: 16494967 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genomic information is becoming available for an ever-wider range of animals with the genes for several well-characterized peptide families, such as the RFamides, detected in a surprisingly diverse set of these animals. While bioinformatic tools allow the prediction of the RFamide-related prohormones from genetic information, it is more difficult to accurately predict the final processed peptides because of the large number of processing steps required to convert a prohormone into mature bioactive peptides. Several statistical-based methods for predicting basic site cleavages in prohormones are described, and their ability to predict the basic site cleavages in a variety of RFamide-related peptides from vertebrates and invertebrates is reported. Specifically, the cleavages in the invertebrate FMRFamides, and the vertebrate NPFFa, RFRPa, and PrRPa peptide families are modeled. The three models compared here are based on known cleavage motifs, a logistic regression, and artificial neural networks. Improvements in the accuracy and precision of the cleavage estimates will lead to increased utilization of these models for predicting bioactive neuropeptides before experimental verification is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Southey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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37
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Nachman RJ, Russell WK, Coast GM, Russell DH, Miller JA, Predel R. Identification of PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides from single neurohemal organs of the stable fly and horn fly via MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Peptides 2006; 27:521-6. [PMID: 16325965 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry has been applied to determine the complete sequences of the PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides in the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans and horn fly Haematobia irritans, insect pests of livestock. This peptidomic analysis of single neurohemal organ preparations allows the unambiguous assignment of internal Leu/Ile positions not distinguishable by previous mass spectrometric techniques. The sequences are as follows: Stoca-PVK/CAP2b-1, AGGASGLYAFPRVa; Stoca-PVK/CAP2b-2, NAKLYPVPRVa; and Haeir-PVK/CAP2b-1, AGGASGLYAFPRVa; Haeir-PVK/CAP2b-1, NAKLYPMPRVa. Both Stoca-PVK/CAP2b-1 and -2 stimulate Malpighian tubule fluid secretion in the stable fly, with EC50 values between 3 and 11 nM. The identification of these novel neuropeptides adds to our knowledge of the peptidomes of flies, and can aid in the development of neuropeptide-based control strategies of these insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Nachman
- Areawide Pest Management Research, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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38
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Audsley N, Weaver RJ. Analysis of peptides in the brain and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata of the honey bee, Apis mellifera using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Peptides 2006; 27:512-20. [PMID: 16309791 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide profiles and diversity of the brain and retrocerebral organs (corpora cardiaca-corpora allata; CC-CA) of adult workers of the honey bee Apis mellifera carnica (dark European strain) were investigated using a combination of HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with post-source decay (PSD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation. Using evidence from genomic sources, including BLAST searches of the honey bee genome, comparisons with other species and de novo sequencing by PSD and CID fragmentation, a total of 13 mass ions could be assigned to peptides predicted from the A. mellifera genomic database. Peptides positively identified were A. mellifera tachykinin-related peptides 3 and 4 (APMGFQGMRa; APMGFYGTRa) and leucomyosuppressin (pEDVDHVFLRFa). Peptides tentatively identified were A. mellifera tachykinin-related peptides 2 and 5 (ALMGFQGVRa; ARMGFHGMRa), A. mellifera allatostatins 2, 3 and 4 (GRDYSFGLa; RQYSFGLa; GRQPYSFGLa), A1-SIFamide (AYRKPPFNGSIFa), Q1-leucomyosuppressin (QDVDHVFLRFa) and A. mellifera pyrokinins PK 1, PK 2 and Q1-PK 2 (TSQDITSGMWFGPRLa; pEITQFTPRLa; QITQFTPRLa). Allatostatins, tachykinin-related peptides and A1-SIFamide were not detected in CC-CA extract, which appears to contain predominantly leucomyosuppressin, Q1-leucomyosuppressin, PK 1, PK 2, Q1-PK 2 and some unidentified masses. No ion signal was detected that would correspond to the hypertrehalosaemic peptide (=Manse-AKH), which has been isolated from the Italian race of the honey bee (A. mellifera ligustica), but not from A. mellifera carnica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Audsley
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
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39
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Wegener C, Reinl T, Jänsch L, Predel R. Direct mass spectrometric peptide profiling and fragmentation of larval peptide hormone release sites in Drosophila melanogaster reveals tagma-specific peptide expression and differential processing. J Neurochem 2006; 96:1362-74. [PMID: 16441518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory peptides represent a diverse group of messenger molecules. In insects, they are produced by endocrine cells as well as secretory neurones within the CNS. Many regulatory peptides are released as hormones into the haemolymph to regulate, for example, diuresis, heartbeat or ecdysis behaviour. Hormonal release of neuropeptides takes place at specialized organs, so-called neurohaemal organs. We have performed a mass spectrometric characterization of the peptide complement of the main neurohaemal organs and endocrine cells of the Drosophila melanogaster larva to gain insight into the hormonal communication possibilities of the fruit fly. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and MALDI-TOF-TOF tandem mass spectrometry, we detected 23 different peptides of which five were unpredicted by previous genome screenings. We also found a hitherto unknown peptide product of the capa gene in the ring gland and transverse nerves, suggesting that it might be released as hormone. Our results show that the peptidome of the neurohaemal organs is tagma-specific and does not change during metamorphosis. We also provide evidence for the first case of differential prohormone processing in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wegener
- Emmy Noether Neuropeptide Group, Animal Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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40
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Hummon AB, Amare A, Sweedler JV. Discovering new invertebrate neuropeptides using mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:77-98. [PMID: 15937922 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a complex set of messenger molecules controlling a wide array of regulatory functions and behaviors within an organism. These neuromodulators are cleaved from longer protein molecules and often experience numerous post-translational modifications to achieve their bioactive form. As a result of this complexity, sensitive and versatile analysis schemes are needed to characterize neuropeptides. Mass spectrometry (MS) through a variety of approaches has fueled the discovery of hundreds of neuropeptides in invertebrate species in the last decade. Particularly successful are direct tissue and single neuron analyses by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS, which has been used to elucidate approximately 440 neuropeptides, and examination of neuronal homogenates by electrospray ionization techniques (ESI), also leading to the characterization of over 450 peptides. Additional MS methods with great promise for the discovery of neuropeptides are MS imaging and large-scale peptidomics studies in combination with a sequenced genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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41
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Wicher D, Agricola HJ, Schönherr R, Heinemann SH, Derst C. TRPgamma channels are inhibited by cAMP and contribute to pacemaking in neurosecretory insect neurons. J Biol Chem 2005; 281:3227-36. [PMID: 16319060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511741200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
From a neuronal cDNA library of the cockroach Periplaneta americana we isolated a 3585-bp cDNA sequence encoding Periplaneta transient receptor potential gamma (pTRPgamma), a protein of 1194 amino acids showing 65% identity to the orthologous Drosophila channel protein dTRPgamma. Heterologous expression of pTRPgamma in HEK293 cells produced a constitutively active, non-selective cation channel with a Ca2+:Na+ permeability ratio of 2. In contrast to dTRPgamma-mediated currents, pTRPgamma currents were partially inhibited by 8-bromo-cAMP, and this effect was not mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) activation. pTRPgammab, a truncated pTRPgamma splice variant missing most of the C terminus, was insensitive to 8-bromo-cAMP. Thus, the critical cAMP-binding site seems to be located in the C-terminal part of pTRPgamma, although there is no common cAMP-binding consensus sequence. While dTRPgamma is only expressed in the photoreceptors, pTRPgamma is expressed throughout the nervous system. In particular it is expressed in dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons. In these octopamine-releasing, neurosecretory cells a Ca2+ background current contributing to pacemaker activity was found to be up-regulated by the reduction of cAMP level. In addition, the Ca2+ background current was inhibited by LOE-908, 2-APB, and La3+, which similarly affected the pTRPgamma current. We thus propose that the pTRPgamma protein is involved in forming the channel passing the Ca2+ pakemaking background current in DUM neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wicher
- Department of Neurohormones, Saxon Academy of Sciences, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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42
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Nachman RJ, Russell WK, Coast GM, Russell DH, Predel R. Mass spectrometric assignment of Leu/Ile in neuropeptides from single neurohemal organ preparations of insects. Peptides 2005; 26:2151-6. [PMID: 16039754 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry has been applied for the first time on an insect/arthropod target, focusing on PVK/CAP2b neuropeptides in the housefly Musca domestica and flesh fly Neobellieria bullata. The peptidomic analysis of single neurohemal organ preparations allows the unambiguous assignment of internal Leu/Ile positions not distinguishable by previous mass spectrometric techniques. The confirmation of side-chain fragments which allows assignment of Leu/Ile even from samples as small as neurohemal organs will greatly accelerate the identification of novel neuropeptides that are implicated in the regulation of critical physiological processes in insects. The unnatural Ile analog is 4.5 times more active than the native Leu sequence in a housefly Malpighian tubule fluid secretion assay, which reinforces the caveat that potency values in a biological assay cannot be relied upon to predict the native sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Nachman
- Areawide Pest Management Research, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA, 2881 F/B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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43
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Predel R, Neupert S, Roth S, Derst C, Nässel DR. Tachykinin-related peptide precursors in two cockroach species. FEBS J 2005; 272:3365-75. [PMID: 15978042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins and tachykinin-related peptides (TKRPs) play major roles in signaling in the nervous system and intestine of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Here we have identified cDNAs encoding precursors of multiple TKRPs from the cockroaches Leucophaea maderae and Periplaneta americana. All nine LemTKRPs that had been chemically isolated in earlier experiments could be identified on the precursor of L. maderae. Four previously unidentified LemTKRPs were found in addition on the precursor. The P. americana cDNA displayed an open reading frame very similar to that of L. maderae with 13 different TKRPs. MALDI-TOF mass spectra from tissues of both species confirms the presence of all the TKRPs encoded on the precursor plus two additional peptides that are cleavage products of the N-terminally extended TKRPs. A tissue-specific distribution of TKRPs was observed in earlier experiments at isolation from brain and midgut of L. maderae. Our data do not suggest a differential gene expression but a different efficacy in processing of LemTKRP-2 and Lem/PeaTKRP-3 in the brain and intestine, respectively. This results in a gut-specific accumulation of these extended peptides, whereas in the brain their cleavage products, LemTKRP-1 and LemTKRP-3(11-19), are most abundant. Mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated the occurrence of the different TKRPs in single glomeruli of the tritocerebrum and in cells of the optical lobe.
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44
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Settembrini BP, Villar MJ. FMRFamide-like immunocytochemistry in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of Triatoma infestans (Insecta: Heteroptera). Coexpression with β-pigment-dispersing hormone and small cardioactive peptide B. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 321:299-310. [PMID: 15947966 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of FMRFamide (FMRFa)-like immunoreactivity (LI) was studied in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of Triatoma infestans, the insect vector of Chagas' disease. The neuropeptide displayed a widespread distribution with immunostained somata in the optic lobe, in the anterior, lateral, and posterior soma rinds of the protocerebrum, and around the antennal sensory and mechanosensory and motor neuropils of the deutocerebrum. FMRFa-immunoreactive profiles of the subesophageal ganglion were seen in the mandibular, maxillary, and labial neuromeres. Immunostained neurites were detected in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the lateral protocerebral neuropil, the median bundle, the calyces and the stalk of the mushroom bodies, and the central body. In the deutocerebrum, the sensory glomeruli showed a higher density of immunoreactive processes than the mechanosensory and motor neuropil, whereas the neuropils of each neuromere of the subesophageal ganglion displayed a moderate density of immunoreactive neurites. Colocalization of FMRFa-LI and crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone-LI was found in perikarya of the proximal optic lobe, the lobula, the sensory deutocerebrum, and the labial neuromere of the subesophageal ganglion. The distribution pattern of small cardioactive peptide B (SCP(B))-LI was also widespread, with immunolabeled somata surrounding every neuropil region of the brain and subesophageal ganglion, except for the optic lobe. FMRFa- and SCP(B)-LIs showed extensive colocalization in the brain of this triatomine species. The presence of immunolabeled perikarya displaying either FMRFa- or SCP(B)-LI confirmed that each antisera identified different peptide molecules. The distribution of FMRFa immunostaining in T. infestans raises the possibility that FMRFa plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythmicity. The finding of immunolabeling in neurosecretory somata of the protocerebrum suggests that this neuropeptide may also act as a neurohormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz P Settembrini
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Pcia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Neupert S, Predel R. Mass spectrometric analysis of single identified neurons of an insect. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 327:640-5. [PMID: 15649394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of retrograde labelling with dextran-tetramethylrhodamine and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to analyse for the first time the peptidome of a series of morphologically identified single neurosecretory cells of an insect. Eight postero-lateral cells of the metathoracic ganglion of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, were used to demonstrate that: (1) the complete dissection procedure can be documented and (2) the mass spectrometric analysis of the dissected somata results in highly reproducible mass spectra. In total, 21 FMRFamide-related peptides were detected in each of the postero-lateral cells which release their neurosecretions via thoracic perisympathetic organs. Direct analysis of these neurohemal organs confirmed the co-storage of FMRFamide-related peptides. Two additional abundant peptides from thoracic perisympathetic organs which were not detectable in the postero-lateral cells were characterized using ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS. De novo sequencing yielded two related peptides (FERL/IEamides) without any similarity with known peptide families of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Neupert
- Saxon Academy of Sciences, Research Group Jena, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Schöller S, Belmont M, Cazzamali G, Hauser F, Williamson M, Grimmelikhuijzen CJP. Molecular identification of a myosuppressin receptor from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 327:29-34. [PMID: 15629425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The insect myosuppressins (X1DVX2HX3FLRFamide) are neuropeptides that generally block insect muscle activities. We have used the genomic sequence information from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae Genome Project to clone a G protein-coupled receptor that was closely related to the two previously cloned and characterized myosuppressin receptors from Drosophila [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 (2003) 9808]. The mosquito receptor cDNA was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and was found to be activated by low concentrations of Anopheles myosuppressin (TDVDHVFLRFamide; EC50, 1.6 x 10(-8)M). The receptor was not activated by a library of 35 other insect neuropeptides and monoamines, including neuropeptides that resembled myosuppressin in their C-terminal moiety, such as PDRNFLRFamide (Anopheles FMRFamide-3), other Anopheles FMRFamide peptides, or neuropeptide F-like peptides, showing that the receptor was quite selective for myosuppressin. These results also showed that the myosuppressin receptor needs a much larger portion than the C-terminal FLRFamide sequence for its activation. The insect myosuppressins are often grouped together with the insect FMRFamides under the name FaRPs (FMRFamide-related peptides). However, this is not justified anymore, because the insect myosuppressin receptor/ligand couple is both functionally and evolutionarily fully unrelated to the insect FMRFamide receptor/ligand couple. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular identification of a mosquito neuropeptide receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schöller
- Department of Cell Biology and Comparative Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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