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Domrazek K, Konieczny P, Majka M, Czopowicz M, Cywińska A, Jurka P. The lack of the influence of various species of Mycoplasma spp. on canine semen quality. Theriogenology 2024; 219:86-93. [PMID: 38402701 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas colonize fish, reptiles, birds and mammals, being commensals or causing diseases, sometimes severe in ruminants, swine, poultry, or wildlife animals. So far, 15 species of canine Mycoplasma spp. have been described. Conflicting results have been presented regarding the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma spp. Although many virulence factors of these bacteria have been described, they still require attention. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the presence of known canine Mycoplasmas in the male reproductive tract of clinically healthy dogs. The second aim was to check if Mycoplasma spp. cause any abnormalities in semen quality that could have further consequences and to propose the schemes for managing the carriers. 83.3% of examined dogs were Mycoplasma spp. -positive dogs, and most of them were the carriers of more than one species. Six dogs had azoospermic ejaculates. The total spermatozoa numbers were similar in Mycoplasma -positive and negative groups. Motility was slightly higher in Mycoplasma spp.-negative group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in semen characteristics between the carriers and Mycoplasma spp.-negative dogs. Neither the individual species nor the number of species strains had a significant effect on sperm morphological parameters as well as viability. Semen quality parameters are not correlated with the species found on the prepuce. Over 70% Mycoplasma spp.- positive dogs have more than one species of this bacteria. Despite finding mycoplasmas in azoospermic dogs, we suggest that they were not the cause of infertility. Mycoplasma spp. could be a part of normal microbiota in canine prepuce in individuals without any clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Domrazek
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences- SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - P Konieczny
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663, Krakow, Poland; VET CELL TECH Sp. z.o.o., 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663, Krakow, Poland; VET CELL TECH Sp. z.o.o., 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Czopowicz
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Cywińska
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - P Jurka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences- SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Robertson SN, Romero M, Fenn S, Kohler Riedi PL, Cámara M. Development, characterization, and evaluation of a simple polymicrobial colony biofilm model for testing of antimicrobial wound dressings. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae042. [PMID: 38366933 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound infections are generally of polymicrobial nature with aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as fungi frequently observed in them. Wound treatment involves a series of steps, including debridement of the wound, flushing, and often the use of multiple wound dressings many of which are antimicrobial. Yet, many wound dressings are tested versus single species of planktonic microbes, which fails to mirror the real-life presence of biofilms. AIMS Simple biofilm models are the first step to testing of any antimicrobial and wound dressing; therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a simple polymicrobial colony biofilm wound model comprised of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans on RPMI-1640 agar. The model was then used to evaluate the topical disinfectant chlorohexidine and four commercially available wound dressings using the polymicrobial model. The model used was as a starting point to mimic debridement in clinical care of wounds and the effectiveness of wound dressings evaluated afterwards. METHODS AND RESULTS Planktonic assessment using AATCC100-2004 demonstrated that all antimicrobial wound dressings reduced the planktonic microbial burden below the limit of detection; however, when challenged with polymicrobial colony biofilms, silver wound dressings showed limited effectiveness (1-2 log CFU reductions). In contrast, a single iodine releasing wound dressing showed potent antibiofilm activity reducing all species CFUs below the limit of detection (>6-10 log) depending on the species. A disrupted biofilm model challenge was performed to represent the debridement of a wound and wound silver-based wound dressings were found to be marginally more effective than in whole colony biofilm challenges while the iodine containing wound dressing reduced microbial recovery below the limit of detection. CONCLUSIONS In this model, silver dressings were ineffective versus the whole colony biofilms but showed some recovery of activity versus the disrupted colony biofilm. The iodine wound dressing reduced the viability of all species below the level of detection. This suggests that mode of action of wound dressing should be considered for the type of biofilm challenge as should the clinical use, e.g. debridement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun N Robertson
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Romero
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
- Aquatic One Health Research Center (ARCUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Samuel Fenn
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Schools of Microbiology and Medicine, University College Cork, and APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork T12 TP07, Ireland
| | | | - Miguel Cámara
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, School of Life Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Gliźniewicz M, Miłek D, Olszewska P, Czajkowski A, Serwin N, Cecerska-Heryć E, Dołęgowska B, Grygorcewicz B. Advances in bacteriophage-mediated strategies for combating polymicrobial biofilms. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1320345. [PMID: 38249486 PMCID: PMC10797108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1320345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi tend to coexist within biofilms instead of in planktonic states. Usually, such communities include cross-kingdom microorganisms, which make them harder to remove from abiotic surfaces or infection sites. Additionally, the produced biofilm matrix protects embedded microorganisms from antibiotics, disinfectants, or the host immune system. Therefore, classic therapies based on antibiotics might be ineffective, especially when multidrug-resistant bacteria are causative factors. The complexities surrounding the eradication of biofilms from diverse surfaces and the human body have spurred the exploration of alternative therapeutic modalities. Among these options, bacteriophages and their enzymatic counterparts have emerged as promising candidates, either employed independently or in synergy with antibiotics and other agents. Phages are natural bacteria killers because of mechanisms of action that differ from antibiotics, phages might answer worldwide problems with bacterial infections. In this review, we report the attempts to use bacteriophages in combating polymicrobial biofilms in in vitro studies, using different models, including the therapeutical use of phages. In addition, we sum up the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gliźniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Miłek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Olszewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Artur Czajkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection Processes, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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Anokwah D, Asante-Kwatia E, Asante J, Obeng-Mensah D, Danquah CA, Amponsah IK, Ameyaw EO, Biney RP, Obese E, Oberer L, Amoako DG, Abia ALK, Mensah AY. Antibacterial, Resistance Modulation, Anti-Biofilm Formation, and Efflux Pump Inhibition Properties of Loeseneriella africana (Willd.) N. Halle (Celastraceae) Stem Extract and Its Constituents. Microorganisms 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 38276176 PMCID: PMC10819663 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial, resistance modulation, biofilm inhibition, and efflux pump inhibition potentials of Loeseneriella africana stem extract and its constituents. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by the high-throughput spot culture growth inhibition (HT-SPOTi) and broth microdilution assays. The resistance modulation activity was investigated using the anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition assays. Purification of the extract was carried out by chromatographic methods, and the isolated compounds were characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared and mass spectrometry spectral data and comparison with published literature. The whole extract, methanol, ethyl acetate, and pet-ether fractions of L. africana all showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria with MICs ranging from 62.5 to 500.0 µg/mL The whole extract demonstrated resistance modulation effect through strong biofilm inhibition and efflux pump inhibition activities against S. aureus ATCC 25923, E. coli ATCC 25922 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of a triterpenoid (4S,4αS,6αR,6βS,8αS,12αS,12βR,14αS,14βR)-4,4α,6β,8α,11,11,12β,14α-Octamethyloctadecahydropicene-1,3(2H,4H)-dione) and a phytosterol (β-sitosterol). These compounds showed antibacterial activity against susceptible bacteria at a MIC range of 31-125 µg/mL and potentiated the antibacterial activity of amoxicillin (at ¼ MIC of compounds) against E. coli and P. aeruginosa with modulation factors of 32 and 10, respectively. These compounds also demonstrated good anti-biofilm formation effect at a concentration range of 3-100 µg/mL, and bacterial efflux pump inhibition activity at ½ MIC and ¼ MIC against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Loeseneriella africana stem bark extracts and constituents elicit considerable antibacterial, resistance modulation, and biofilm and efflux pump inhibition activities. The results justify the indigenous uses of L. africana for managing microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Anokwah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Evelyn Asante-Kwatia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Jonathan Asante
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Daniel Obeng-Mensah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Cynthia Amaning Danquah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana;
| | - Isaac Kingsley Amponsah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana; (J.A.); (D.O.-M.); (E.O.A.); (R.P.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Lukas Oberer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Gyamfi Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.G.A.); (A.L.K.A.)
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.G.A.); (A.L.K.A.)
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
| | - Abraham Yeboah Mensah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana; (E.A.-K.); (I.K.A.); (A.Y.M.)
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van Charante F, Martínez-Pérez D, Guarch-Pérez C, Courtens C, Sass A, Choińska E, Idaszek J, Van Calenbergh S, Riool M, Zaat SA, Święszkowski W, Coenye T. 3D-printed wound dressings containing a fosmidomycin-derivative prevent Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation. iScience 2023; 26:107557. [PMID: 37680458 PMCID: PMC10480667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii causes a wide range of infections, including wound infections. Multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a major healthcare concern and the development of novel treatments against these infections is needed. Fosmidomycin is a repurposed antimalarial drug targeting the non-mevalonate pathway, and several derivatives show activity toward A. baumannii. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of CC366, a fosmidomycin prodrug, against a collection of A. baumannii strains, using various in vitro and in vivo models; emphasis was placed on the evaluation of its anti-biofilm activity. We also developed a 3D-printed wound dressing containing CC366, using melt electrowriting technology. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of CC366 ranged from 1 to 64 μg/mL, and CC366 showed good biofilm inhibitory and moderate biofilm eradicating activity in vitro. CC366 successfully eluted from a 3D-printed dressing, the dressings prevented the formation of A. baumannnii wound biofilms in vitro and reduced A. baumannii infection in an in vivo mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits van Charante
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Martínez-Pérez
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Clara Guarch-Pérez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Courtens
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Sass
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Idaszek
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A.J. Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Campo-Pérez V, Alcàcer-Almansa J, Julián E, Torrents E. A High-Throughput Microtiter Plate Screening Assay to Quantify and Differentiate Species in Dual-Species Biofilms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2244. [PMID: 37764089 PMCID: PMC10536743 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria form biofilms during infection, and polymicrobial biofilms are the most frequent manifestation. Biofilm attachment, maturation, and/or antibiotic sensitivity are mainly evaluated with microtiter plate assays, in which bacteria are stained to enable the quantification of the biomass by optical absorbance or fluorescence emission. However, using these methods to distinguish different species in dual-species or polymicrobial biofilms is currently impossible. Colony-forming unit counts from homogenized dual-species biofilms on selective agar medium allow species differentiation but are time-consuming for a high-throughput screening. Thus, reliable, feasible, and fast methods are urgently needed to study the behavior of polymicrobial and dual-species communities. This study shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia strains expressing specific fluorescent or bioluminescent proteins permit the more efficient study of dual-species biofilms compared to other methods that rely on measuring the total biomass. Combining fluorescence and bioluminescence measurements allows an independent analysis of the different microbial species within the biofilm, indicating the degree of presence of each one over time during a dual-species biofilm growth. The quantitative strategies developed in this work are reproducible and recommended for dual-species biofilm studies with high-throughput microtiter plate approaches using strains that can constitutively express fluorescent or bioluminescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Campo-Pérez
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (V.C.-P.); (J.A.-A.)
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Alcàcer-Almansa
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (V.C.-P.); (J.A.-A.)
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Julián
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (V.C.-P.); (J.A.-A.)
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Ave., 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Debourgogne A, Monpierre L, Sy KA, Valsecchi I, Decousser JW, Botterel F. Interactions between Bacteria and Aspergillus fumigatus in Airways: From the Mycobiome to Molecular Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:900. [PMID: 37755008 PMCID: PMC10533028 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between different kingdoms of microorganisms in humans are common but not well described. A recent analysis of the mycobiome has described the presence of different fungi and their positive and/or negative interactions with bacteria and other fungi. In chronic respiratory diseases, these different microorganisms form mixed biofilms to live inside. The interactions between Gram-negative bacteria and filamentous fungi in these biofilms have attracted more attention recently. In this review, we analyse the microbiota of the respiratory tract of healthy individuals and patients with chronic respiratory disease. Additionally, we describe the regulatory mechanisms that rule the mixed biofilms of Aspergillus fumigatus and Gram-negative bacteria and the effects of this biofilm on clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Debourgogne
- UR 7300, Stress Immunité Pathogène, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France;
| | - Lorra Monpierre
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 94000 Créteil, France;
- UR DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), USC Anses, 94700 Créteil, France; (K.A.S.); (I.V.); (J.-W.D.)
| | - Khadeeja Adam Sy
- UR DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), USC Anses, 94700 Créteil, France; (K.A.S.); (I.V.); (J.-W.D.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U955, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Isabel Valsecchi
- UR DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), USC Anses, 94700 Créteil, France; (K.A.S.); (I.V.); (J.-W.D.)
| | - Jean-Winoc Decousser
- UR DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), USC Anses, 94700 Créteil, France; (K.A.S.); (I.V.); (J.-W.D.)
- Department of Infection Control, University Hospital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Françoise Botterel
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 94000 Créteil, France;
- UR DYNAMYC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort (ENVA), USC Anses, 94700 Créteil, France; (K.A.S.); (I.V.); (J.-W.D.)
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8
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Oliveira M, Cunha E, Tavares L, Serrano I. P. aeruginosa interactions with other microbes in biofilms during co-infection. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:612-646. [PMID: 38173971 PMCID: PMC10758579 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the topic of biofilms, including their development and the interaction between different counterparts. There is evidence that various diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, otitis media, diabetic foot wound infections, and certain cancers, are promoted and aggravated by the presence of polymicrobial biofilms. Biofilms are composed by heterogeneous communities of microorganisms protected by a matrix of polysaccharides. The different types of interactions between microorganisms gives rise to an increased resistance to antimicrobials and to the host's defense mechanisms, with the consequent worsening of disease symptoms. Therefore, infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms affecting different human organs and systems will be discussed, as well as the role of the interactions between the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is at the base of major polymicrobial infections, and other bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the establishment of human infections and diseases. Considering that polymicrobial biofilms are key to bacterial pathogenicity, it is fundamental to evaluate which microbes are involved in a certain disease to convey an appropriate and efficacious antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Mariani F, Galvan EM. Staphylococcus aureus in Polymicrobial Skinand Soft Tissue Infections: Impact of Inter-Species Interactionsin Disease Outcome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1164. [PMID: 37508260 PMCID: PMC10376372 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms provide a complex environment where co-infecting microorganisms can behave antagonistically, additively, or synergistically to alter the disease outcome compared to monomicrobial infections. Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections (Sa-SSTIs) are frequently reported in healthcare and community settings, and they can also involve other bacterial and fungal microorganisms. This polymicrobial aetiology is usually found in chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and burn wounds, where the establishment of multi-species biofilms in chronic wounds has been extensively described. This review article explores the recent updates on the microorganisms commonly found together with S. aureus in SSTIs, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida albicans, among others. The molecular mechanisms behind these polymicrobial interactions in the context of infected wounds and their impact on pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility are also revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Mariani
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, Buenos Aires C1405, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires A4400, Argentina
| | - Estela Maria Galvan
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Departamento de Investigaciones Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, Buenos Aires C1405, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires A4400, Argentina
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10
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Hajiagha MN, Kafil HS. Efflux pumps and microbial biofilm formation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105459. [PMID: 37271271 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections are resistant forms of pathogens that are regarded as a medical problem, particularly due to the spread of multiple drug resistance. One of the factors associated with biofilm drug resistance is the presence of various types of efflux pumps in bacteria. Efflux pumps also play a role in biofilm formation by influencing Physical-chemical interactions, mobility, gene regulation, quorum sensing (QS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and toxic compound extrusion. According to the findings of studies based on efflux pump expression analysis, their role in the anatomical position within the biofilm will differ depending on the biofilm formation stage, encoding gene expression level, the type and concentration of substrate. In some cases, the function of the efflux pumps can overlap with each other, so it seems necessary to accurate identify the efflux pumps of biofilm-forming bacteria along with their function in this process. Such studies will help to choose treatment strategy, at least in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, if the goal of treatment is an efflux pump manipulation, we should not limit it to inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyeh Neghabi Hajiagha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Fazel P, Sedighian H, Behzadi E, Kachuei R, Imani Fooladi AA. Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 and Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:223. [PMID: 37222840 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The novel human coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which results in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused a serious threat to global public health. Therefore, many studies are performed on the causes and prevalence of this disease and the possible co-occurrence of the infection with other viral and bacterial pathogens is investigated. Respiratory infections predispose patients to co-infections and these lead to increased disease severity and mortality. Numerous types of antibiotics have been employed for the prevention and treatment of bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infections in patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although antibiotics do not directly affect SARS-CoV-2, viral respiratory infections often result in bacterial pneumonia. It is possible that some patients die from bacterial co-infection rather than virus itself. Therefore, bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infection are considered critical risk factors for the severity and mortality rates of COVID-19. In this review, we will summarize the bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infection in some featured respiratory viral infections, especially COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvindokht Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Eqlid, Fars, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq, Mollasadra St, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq, Mollasadra St, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Guo S, Yang L, Zhu X, Zhang X, Meng L, Li X, Cheng S, Zhuang X, Liu S, Cui W. Multidrug-resistant organism-peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: clinical and microbiological features and risk factors of treatment failure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1132695. [PMID: 37234246 PMCID: PMC10208398 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1132695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infection causes difficulty in the therapy of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP); however, there are few studies on multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO)-PDAP. In view of growing concerns about MDRO-PDAP, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features, risk factors of treatment failure, and causative pathogens of MDRO-PDAP. Methods In total, 318 patients who underwent PD between 2013 and 2019 were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Clinical features, patient outcomes, factors related to treatment failure, and microbiological profiles associated with MDRO-PDAP were analyzed and risk factors for treatment failure associated with MDR-Escherichia coli (E. coli) were further discussed. Results Of 1,155 peritonitis episodes, 146 eligible episodes of MDRO-PDAP, which occurred in 87 patients, were screened. There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of MDRO-PDAP between 2013-2016 and 2017-2019 (p > 0.05). E. coli was the most prevalent MDRO-PDAP isolate, with high sensitivity to meropenem (96.0%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (89.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the second most common isolate and was susceptible to vancomycin (100%) and linezolid (100%). Compared to non-multidrug-resistant organism-PDAP, MDRO-PDAP was associated with a lower cure rate (66.4% vs. 85.5%), higher relapse rate (16.4% vs. 8.0%), and higher treatment failure rate (17.1% vs.6.5%). Dialysis age [odds ratio (OR): 1.034, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.016-1.052, p < 0.001] and >2 previous peritonitis episodes (OR: 3.400, 95% CI: 1.014-11.400, p = 0.047) were independently associated with treatment failure. Furthermore, longer dialysis age (OR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.003-1.064, p = 0.031) and lower blood albumin level (OR: 0.834, 95% CI: 0.700-0.993, p = 0.041) increased the risk of therapeutic failure for MDR-E. coli infection. Conclusion The proportion of MDRO-PDAP has remained high in recent years. MDRO infection is more likely to result in worse outcomes. Dialysis age and previous multiple peritonitis infections were significantly associated with treatment failure. Treatment should be promptly individualized based on local empirical antibiotic and drug sensitivity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Guo
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University – The Eastern Division, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Jilin Central Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Jilin FAW General Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Lingfei Meng
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhuang
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengmao Liu
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Division of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Teixeira EH, Andrade AL, Pereira R, Farias LP, Monteiro GS, Marinho MM, Marinho ES, Santos HS, de Vasconcelos MA. Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm Activities and Synergic Effect of Triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxyilup-20(29)-ene Isolated from Combretum leprosum Leaves Against Staphylococcus Strains. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:176. [PMID: 37029832 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a natural phenomenon and is becoming a huge global public health problem, since some microorganisms not respond to the treatment of several classes of antibiotics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and synergistic effect of triterpene 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxyilup-20(29)-ene (CLF1) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Bacterial susceptibility to CLF1 was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay. In addition, the effect combined with antibiotics (ampicillin and tetracycline) was verified by the checkerboard method. The biofilms susceptibility was assessed by enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs) and quantification of total biomass by crystal violet staining. The compound showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against all Staphylococcal strains tested. The synergistic effect with ampicillin was observed only for S. epidermidis strains. Moreover, CLF1 significantly inhibited the biofilm formation and disrupted preformed biofilm of the all strains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed changes in the cell morphology and structure of S. aureus ATCC 700698 biofilms (a methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain). Molecular docking simulations showed that CLF1 has a more favorable interaction energy than the antibiotic ampicillin on penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a of MRSA, coupled in different regions of the protein. Based on the results obtained, CLF1 proved to be a promising antimicrobial compound against Staphylococcus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Lopes Andrade
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Livia Pontes Farias
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabrieli Sobral Monteiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcia Machado Marinho
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciência e Letras de Iguatu, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Iguatu, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Silva Marinho
- Faculdade de Filosofia Dom Aureliano Matos, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva Santos
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade de Divinopolis, Divinopolis, MG, 35501-179, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, 59610-210, Brazil
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Diagnostic Role of mNGS in Polymicrobial Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051838. [PMID: 36902625 PMCID: PMC10003677 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of polymicrobial periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). METHODS Patients with complete data who underwent surgery at our hospital between July 2017 and January 2021 for suspected periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), according to the 2018 ICE diagnostic criteria, were enrolled, and all patients underwent microbial culture and mNGS detection, which were performed on the BGISEQ-500 platform. Microbial cultures were performed on two samples of synovial fluid, six samples of tissue, and two samples of prosthetic sonicate fluid for each patient. The mNGS was performed on 10 tissues, 64 synovial fluid samples, and 17 prosthetic sonicate fluid samples. The results of mNGS testing were based on the interpretation of mNGS results in the previous literature and the assertions of microbiologists and orthopedic surgeons. The diagnostic efficacy of mNGS in polymicrobial PJI was assessed by comparing the results of conventional microbial cultures and mNGS. RESULTS A total of 91 patients were finally enrolled in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional culture for the diagnosis of PJI were 71.0%, 95.4%, and 76.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of mNGS for the diagnosis of PJI were 91.3%, 86.3%, and 90.1%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of conventional culture for the diagnosis of polymicrobial PJI were 57.1%, 100%, and 91.3%, respectively. mNGS had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85.7%, 60.0%, and 65.2%, respectively, for the diagnosis of polymicrobial PJI. CONCLUSIONS mNGS can improve the diagnosis efficiency of polymicrobial PJI, and the combination of culture and mNGS is a promising method to diagnose polymicrobial PJI.
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15
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Pompilio A, Scocchi M, Mangoni ML, Shirooie S, Serio A, Ferreira Garcia da Costa Y, Alves MS, Şeker Karatoprak G, Süntar I, Khan H, Di Bonaventura G. Bioactive compounds: a goldmine for defining new strategies against pathogenic bacterial biofilms? Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:117-149. [PMID: 35313120 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2038082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Most human infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms growing as biofilms. These three-dimensional self-organized communities are embedded in a dense matrix allowing microorganisms to persistently inhabit abiotic and biotic surfaces due to increased resistance to both antibiotics and effectors of the immune system. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel strategies to control biofilm-associated infections. Natural products offer a vast array of chemical structures and possess a wide variety of biological properties; therefore, they have been and continue to be exploited in the search for potential biofilm inhibitors with a specific or multi-locus mechanism of action. This review provides an updated discussion of the major bioactive compounds isolated from several natural sources - such as plants, lichens, algae, microorganisms, animals, and humans - with the potential to inhibit biofilm formation and/or to disperse established biofilms by bacterial pathogens. Despite the very large number of bioactive products, their exact mechanism of action often remains to be clarified and, in some cases, the identity of the active molecule is still unknown. This knowledge gap should be filled thus allowing development of these products not only as novel drugs to combat bacterial biofilms, but also as antibiotic adjuvants to restore the therapeutic efficacy of current antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Scocchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ygor Ferreira Garcia da Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Bioactivity, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Silvana Alves
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Bioactivity, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Talas, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Influence of the Type of Bone Cement Used in Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Chronic Periarticular Joint Infection on the Spacer Replacement and Reinfection Rate. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020600. [PMID: 36675529 PMCID: PMC9866783 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) spacers are used in the first stage when treating periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aimed to investigate whether a spacer made from commercial ALBC or plain bone cement with additional antibiotics could affect the spacer exchange rate before reimplantation. METHODS Patients undergoing two-stage exchange arthroplasty due to chronic PJI from January 2014 to August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The exclusion criteria included arthroplasty in the setting of septic arthritis, megaprosthesis, atypical pathogen infection, spacer placement unrelated to PJI, and spacer exchange due to mechanical complications. The patient demographics, brand of cement, and microbiology were recorded manually. The primary outcome was the incidence of spacer exchange due to persistent infection and the secondary outcome was the incidence of reinfection after reimplantation. A multivariate logistic regression analysis and Chi-square test were conducted to identify the effect of cement type on the spacer exchange. RESULTS A total of 334 patients underwent two-stage exchange arthroplasty for PJI. The spacer exchange rates in the commercial and non-commercial ALBC groups were 6.4% and 25.1%, respectively (p = 0.004). After controlling for confounding factors, there were significant differences between the commercial group and non-commercial groups in the spacer exchange rate (adjusted OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.72-0.87, p = 0.029). The use of commercial ALBC was not associated with a lower reinfection rate after reimplantation (p = 0.160). CONCLUSIONS In a two-stage exchange arthroplasty scenario, the spacer comprised of commercial ALBC resulted in a lower spacer exchange rate than the plain bone cement, both of which had additional antibiotics. However, the use of commercial ALBC was not associated with a lower incidence of reinfection following reimplantation.
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Mohamed A, Raval YS, Gelston S, Tibbits G, Ay SU, Flurin L, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Patel R, Beyenal H. Anti-Biofilm Activity of a Tunable Hypochlorous Acid-Generating Electrochemical Bandage Controlled By a Wearable Potentiostat. ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2023; 25:2200792. [PMID: 36817722 PMCID: PMC9937732 DOI: 10.1002/adem.202200792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wound biofilm infections represent a major clinical challenge which results in a substantial burden to patients and healthcare systems. Treatment with topical antibiotics is oftentimes ineffective as a result of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and biofilm-specific antibiotic tolerance. Use of biocides such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has gained increasing attention due to the lack of known resistance mechanisms. We designed an HOCl-generating electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) that delivers HOCl continuously at low concentrations targeting infected wound beds in a similar manner to adhesive antimicrobial wound dressings. We developed a battery-operated wearable potentiostat that controls the e-bandage electrodes at potentials suitable for HOCl generation. We demonstrated that e-bandage treatment was tunable by changing the applied potential. HOCl generation on electrode surfaces was verified using microelectrodes. The developed e-bandage showed time-dependent responses against in vitro Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, reducing viable cells to non-detectable levels within 6 and 12 hours of treatment, respectively. The developed e-bandage should be further evaluated as an alternative to topical antibiotics to treat wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yash S. Raval
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Suzanne Gelston
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Suat U. Ay
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | | | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Pullman, WA, USA
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Al-Manei K, Ghorbani M, Naud S, Al-Manei KK, Sobkowiak MJ, Lund B, Hazirolan G, Sällberg Chen M, Özenci V. Clinical Microbial Identification of Severe Oral Infections by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Stockholm County: an 11-Year (2010 to 2020) Epidemiological Investigation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0248722. [PMID: 36420577 PMCID: PMC9769555 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02487-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that oral infections can modify the course of systemic diseases. To date, epidemiological data on microbial oral infections are scarce. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the trend and microbial diversity in oral infection specimens referred for clinical microbiology analysis from 2010 to 2020. The microbes were isolated by culture and were identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry technology (MALDI-TOF MS) throughout the study period. A total of 1,014 referred samples from dental clinics in Stockholm County with dentoalveolar abscesses and jaw osteomyelitis being the main reason were identified. Overall, the microbial composition was dominated by Firmicutes (51%), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Proteobacteria (12%), and Actinobacteria (5%). At the genus level, Streptococcus spp. (36%), Prevotella spp. (18%), and Staphylococcus spp. (11%) were among the most frequently reported. Interestingly, a strong increase in trend was noted for Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Eikenella corrodens, Actinomyces spp., Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Granulicatella adiacens during the study time (R = 0.66 to 0.89, P < 0.05), and a minor increase was noted for Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella spp., whereas steady levels were noted for most of the others. The present study shows the diversity of bacteria that have been involved in dental infections during the last decade in the capital of Sweden, as well as the emerging oral microbiota trend, with clear clinical implications on the oral-systemic link. IMPORTANCE Oral diseases and associated microbes are a risk factor for systemic diseases and can change the courses of these diseases. To date, epidemiological data on microbial oral infections are scarce, and longitudinal reports are lacking. We present for the first time the microbial composition of severe oral bacterial infections determined via the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique in a comprehensive study between 2010 and 2020 (11 years) in Stockholm County. The trend and microbial diversity of oral infections were analyzed on referred clinical microbiological samples and were processed by standardized protocols. Trend increase was noted for Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Eikenella corrodens, Actinomyces spp., Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Granulicatella adiacens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella spp. Our results provide new insights into the diversity and trend of oral microbiota that were involved in serious oral infections over the past decade in the capital of Sweden and may influence the oral-systemic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al-Manei
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahin Ghorbani
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Naud
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kholod Khalil Al-Manei
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michał J. Sobkowiak
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bodil Lund
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Medical Unit of Plastic Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Jaw Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gulsen Hazirolan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Margaret Sällberg Chen
- Unit of Oral Diagnostics and Surgery, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology F 72, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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19
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Tuteja A, Pournami F, Nandakumar A, Prabhakar J, Jain N. Endotracheal Aspirate and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Neonates: Revisiting an Age-Old Debate. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:1202-1208. [PMID: 35503590 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the utility of endotracheal aspirates (ETA) for analyzing microbiological yield, incidence, risk factors for VAP, and clinically relevant outcomes. METHODS Ventilated neonates suspected to have VAP were studied prospectively; they were classified as "VAP" or "No VAP" based on a predefined combination of clinical, radiological, and laboratory criteria. The microbiological yield from blood and ETA cultures was analyzed. RESULTS Of 165 neonates who were ventilated for > 48 h, 65 were suspected of having VAP. Thirty-six (22.9%) were classified as VAP. Microbiological agents could be identified in 31 cases (86.1%) by ETA/blood cultures. Acinetobacter sp was the common organism identified. Duration of ventilation, and a higher number of reintubations before suspicion of VAP were significant risk factors for VAP. Positive ETA culture was associated with a greater duration of oxygen therapy and ventilation days after suspicion of VAP. CONCLUSIONS The commonest culture yield from ETA in those suspected to have VAP was gram-negative bacilli. Duration of ventilation and reintubations were identified as significant risk factors for VAP. These are potentially modifiable factors. Positive ETA culture was associated with longer needs for respiratory supports. Negative ETA culture might encourage clinicians to stop antibiotics. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry of India No. CTRI/2019/03/017912, www.ctri.nic.in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Tuteja
- Department of Neonatology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695029, India
| | - Femitha Pournami
- Department of Neonatology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695029, India.
| | - Anand Nandakumar
- Department of Neonatology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695029, India
| | - Jyothi Prabhakar
- Department of Neonatology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695029, India
| | - Naveen Jain
- Department of Neonatology, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695029, India
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Anju VT, Busi S, Imchen M, Kumavath R, Mohan MS, Salim SA, Subhaswaraj P, Dyavaiah M. Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms: Clinical Significance and Eradication Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121731. [PMID: 36551388 PMCID: PMC9774821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control owing to the chronicity of infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Most microbial infections are contributed by polymicrobial or mixed species interactions, such as those observed in chronic wound infections, otitis media, dental caries, and cystic fibrosis. This review focuses on the polymicrobial interactions among bacterial-bacterial, bacterial-fungal, and fungal-fungal aggregations based on in vitro and in vivo models and different therapeutic interventions available for polymicrobial biofilms. Deciphering the mechanisms of polymicrobial interactions and microbial diversity in chronic infections is very helpful in anti-microbial research. Together, we have discussed the role of metagenomic approaches in studying polymicrobial biofilms. The outstanding progress made in polymicrobial research, especially the model systems and application of metagenomics for detecting, preventing, and controlling infections, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala 671316, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mahima S. Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Simi Asma Salim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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The Bovhyaluronidase Azoximer (Longidaza ®) Disrupts Candida albicans and Candida albicans-Bacterial Mixed Biofilms and Increases the Efficacy of Antifungals. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58121710. [PMID: 36556912 PMCID: PMC9782602 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Candida albicans causes various diseases ranging from superficial mycoses to life-threatening systemic infections often associated with biofilm formation, including mixed fungal−bacterial consortia. The biofilm matrix protects cells, making Candida extremely resistant to treatment. Here, we show that the bovhyaluronidase azoximer (Longidaza®) in vitro destroys the biofilm formed by either C. albicans alone or mixed with bacteria, this way decreasing the concentrations of antimicrobials required for the pathogen’s eradication. Materials and Methods: Bovhyaluronidase azoximer, Longidaza® was obtained from NPO Petrovax Pharm Ltd., Moscow, Russia as lyophilized powder. The antifungal activity was assessed by microdilution assay and CFUs counting. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated via biofilms staining and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Thus, treatment with Longidaza® reduced the biofilm biomass of nine C. albicans clinical isolates by 30−60%, while mixed biofilms of C. albicans with various bacteria were destroyed by 30−40%. Furthermore, the concentration of fluconazole required to achieve a similar reduction of the residual respiratory activity of detached cell clumps of four C. albicans isolates has been reduced four-fold when combined with Longidaza®. While in the biofilm, two of four isolates became significantly more susceptible to fluconazole in combination with Longidaza®. Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicate that Longidaza® is capable of suppression of tissues and artificial surfaces biofouling by C. albicans biofilms, as well as facilitating drug penetration into the cell clumps, this way decreasing the effective MIC of antifungals.
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22
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Du Q, Ren B, Zhou X, Zhang L, Xu X. Cross-kingdom interaction between Candida albicans and oral bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:911623. [PMID: 36406433 PMCID: PMC9668886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.911623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a symbiotic fungus that commonly colonizes on oral mucosal surfaces and mainly affects immuno-compromised individuals. Polymicrobial interactions between C. albicans and oral microbes influence the cellular and biochemical composition of the biofilm, contributing to change clinically relevant outcomes of biofilm-related oral diseases, such as pathogenesis, virulence, and drug-resistance. Notably, the symbiotic relationships between C. albicans and oral bacteria have been well-documented in dental caries, oral mucositis, endodontic and periodontal diseases, implant-related infections, and oral cancer. C. albicans interacts with co-existing oral bacteria through physical attachment, extracellular signals, and metabolic cross-feeding. This review discusses the bacterial-fungal interactions between C. albicans and different oral bacteria, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanism and its relevance to the development and clinical management of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Burnet M, Metcalf DG, Milo S, Gamerith C, Heinzle A, Sigl E, Eitel K, Haalboom M, Bowler PG. A Host-Directed Approach to the Detection of Infection in Hard-to-Heal Wounds. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102408. [PMID: 36292097 PMCID: PMC9601189 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound infection is traditionally defined primarily by visual clinical signs, and secondarily by microbiological analysis of wound samples. However, these approaches have serious limitations in determining wound infection status, particularly in early phases or complex, chronic, hard-to-heal wounds. Early or predictive patient-derived biomarkers of wound infection would enable more timely and appropriate intervention. The observation that immune activation is one of the earliest responses to pathogen activity suggests that immune markers may indicate wound infection earlier and more reliably than by investigating potential pathogens themselves. One of the earliest immune responses is that of the innate immune cells (neutrophils) that are recruited to sites of infection by signals associated with cell damage. During acute infection, the neutrophils produce oxygen radicals and enzymes that either directly or indirectly destroy invading pathogens. These granular enzymes vary with cell type but include elastase, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and cathepsin G. Various clinical studies have demonstrated that collectively, these enzymes, are sensitive and reliable markers of both early-onset phases and established infections. The detection of innate immune cell enzymes in hard-to-heal wounds at point of care offers a new, simple, and effective approach to determining wound infection status and may offer significant advantages over uncertainties associated with clinical judgement, and the questionable value of wound microbiology. Additionally, by facilitating the detection of early wound infection, prompt, local wound hygiene interventions will likely enhance infection resolution and wound healing, reduce the requirement for systemic antibiotic therapy, and support antimicrobial stewardship initiatives in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel G. Metcalf
- ConvaTec Ltd., First Avenue, Deeside Industrial Park, Deeside CH5 2NU, UK
| | - Scarlet Milo
- ConvaTec Ltd., First Avenue, Deeside Industrial Park, Deeside CH5 2NU, UK
| | - Clemens Gamerith
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Krennagsse 37, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Heinzle
- Qualizyme Diagnostics GmbH & Co. KG, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Sigl
- Qualizyme Diagnostics GmbH & Co. KG, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kornelia Eitel
- Synovo GmbH, Paul Ehrlich Straße 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marieke Haalboom
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, 7512 KZ Enschede, The Netherlands
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The Biosorption of Copper(II) Using a Natural Biofilm Formed on the Stones from the Metro River, Malang City, Indonesia. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9975333. [PMID: 36204461 PMCID: PMC9532089 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9975333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is the predominant habitat of microbes in aquatic ecosystems. Microhabitat inside the biofilm matrix is a nutrient-rich environment promoted by the adsorption of nutrient ions from the surrounding water. Biofilms can not only adsorb ions that are nutrients but also other ions, such as heavy metals. The ability of biofilm to attract and retain heavy metals, such as copper(II), makes biofilms a promising biosorbent for water pollution treatment. The present study analyzes the characteristics of copper(II) adsorption by biofilms naturally formed in the river. The biofilms used in this study grow naturally on the stones in the Metro River in Malang City, Indonesia. Methods to analyze the adsorption characteristics of copper(II) by biofilms were kinetics of the adsorption and adsorption isotherm. The maximum adsorption amount and the adsorption equilibrium constant were calculated using a variant of the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, the presence of the functional groups as suggested binding sites in biofilm polymers was investigated using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The results indicate that copper(II)’s adsorption to the biofilm is a physicochemical process. The adsorption of copper(II) is fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting that the adsorption of copper(II) to a biofilm is due to the interaction between the adsorption sites on the biofilm and the ions. The biofilm’s maximum absorption capacity for copper(II) is calculated to be 2.14 mg/wet-g of biofilm, with the equilibrium rate constant at 0.05 L/mg. Therefore, the biofilms on the stones from river can be a promising biosorbent of copper(II) pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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25
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Ghapanvari P, Taheri M, Jalilian FA, Dehbashi S, Dezfuli AAZ, Arabestani MR. The effect of nisin on the biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:173. [PMID: 36076252 PMCID: PMC9461124 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common bacteria in nosocomial infections. Different bacteriocins are currently being studied as antibiotics or in conjunction with antibiotics as potential strategies to treat resistant infectious agents. The study aimed to determine nisin's effect on the biofilm production, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Materials and methods The experimental research tested two antibiotic-resistant isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains. The experimental study tested two antibiotic-resistant isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains. The MIC of bacteriocin nisin was determined using the micro broth dilution method, and crystal violet was used to assess the effect of bacteriocin on the biofilm. In addition, L929 cell culture was used to determine the effectiveness of bacteriocin on the isolate under similar cell conditions. Moreover, the MTT assay was used to and evaluate bacteriocin toxicity. In this study, the software Prism version 9 and Graph pad software were utilized. Results The results of this study reveal that the nisin has different activities at different doses and is considered dose-dependent. At various times and doses, nisin inhibits biofilm formation in S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa isolates. Nisin also showed a decreasing survival of the isolates. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be made more vulnerable by nisin. Furthermore, nisin treatment affected the production of virulence factors such as hemolysins in S. aureus and had little or a negative effect on P. aeruginosa virulence factors. This medication stops S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from growing and causes bacterial cell damage. Conclusions Antibacterial properties of nicin against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were successfully studied. This bacteriocin stops S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from growing and causes bacterial cell damage or death. Damage to the membrane among the fundamental causes is reduced membrane potential and enzyme inactivation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-022-00804-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnia Ghapanvari
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farid Aziz Jalilian
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, University of Hamadan, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehbashi
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Pajoohesh junction, Hamadan, Iran. .,School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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26
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Abstract
Chronic wounds are characterized by their inability to heal within an expected time frame and have emerged as an increasingly important clinical problem over the past several decades, owing to their increasing incidence and greater recognition of associated morbidity and socio-economic burden. Even up to a few years ago, the management of chronic wounds relied on standards of care that were outdated. However, the approach to these chronic conditions has improved, with better prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Such improvements are due to major advances in understanding of cellular and molecular aspects of basic science, in innovative and technological breakthroughs in treatment modalities from biomedical engineering, and in our ability to conduct well-controlled and reliable clinical research. The evidence-based approaches resulting from these advances have become the new standard of care. At the same time, these improvements are tempered by the recognition that persistent gaps exist in scientific knowledge of impaired healing and the ability of clinicians to reduce morbidity, loss of limb and mortality. Therefore, taking stock of what is known and what is needed to improve understanding of chronic wounds and their associated failure to heal is crucial to ensuring better treatments and outcomes.
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27
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Kao WK, Faddis B, Chole RA, Davis RE. Evidence of Biofilm and Persister Cell Formation in Revision Rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2022; 24:233-238. [DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2021.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Katherine Kao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Faddis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard A. Chole
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ding X, Tang Q, Xu Z, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zheng D, Wang S, Tan Q, Maitz J, Maitz PK, Yin S, Wang Y, Chen J. Challenges and innovations in treating chronic and acute wound infections: from basic science to clinical practice. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac014. [PMID: 35611318 PMCID: PMC9123597 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic wound infection has become a major worldwide healthcare burden leading to significantly high morbidity and mortality. The underlying mechanism of infections has been widely investigated by scientist, while standard wound management is routinely been used in general practice. However, strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of wound infections remain a great challenge due to the occurrence of biofilm colonization, delayed healing and drug resistance. In the present review, we summarize the common microorganisms found in acute and chronic wound infections and discuss the challenges from the aspects of clinical diagnosis, non-surgical methods and surgical methods. Moreover, we highlight emerging innovations in the development of antimicrobial peptides, phages, controlled drug delivery, wound dressing materials and herbal medicine, and find that sensitive diagnostics, combined treatment and skin microbiome regulation could be future directions in the treatment of wound infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The affiliated Drum Tow Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Joanneke Maitz
- Burns Injury and Reconstructive Surgery Research, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2137
| | - Peter K Maitz
- Burns Injury and Reconstructive Surgery Research, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2137
| | - Shaoping Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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29
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Woelber JP, Al-Ahmad A, Alt KW. On the Pathogenicity of the Oral Biofilm: A Critical Review from a Biological, Evolutionary, and Nutritional Point of View. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102174. [PMID: 35631315 PMCID: PMC9144701 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque control is one of the most recommended approaches in the prevention and therapy of caries and periodontal diseases. However, although most individuals in industrialized countries already perform daily oral hygiene, caries and periodontal diseases still are the most common diseases of mankind. This raises the question of whether plaque control is really a causative and effective approach to the prevention of these diseases. From an evolutionary, biological, and nutritional perspective, dental biofilms have to be considered a natural phenomenon, whereas several changes in human lifestyle factors during modern evolution are not “natural”. These lifestyle factors include the modern “Western diet” (rich in sugar and saturated fats and low in micronutrients), smoking, sedentary behavior, and continuous stress. This review hypothesizes that not plaque itself but rather these modern, unnatural lifestyle factors are the real causes of the high prevalence of caries and periodontal diseases besides several other non-communicable diseases. Accordingly, applying evolutionary and lifestyle medicine in dentistry would offer a causative approach against oral and common diseases, which would not be possible with oral hygiene approaches used on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Peter Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Kurt Werner Alt
- Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstrasse 124, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria;
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Kaur H, Kaur A, Soni SK, Rishi P. Microbially-derived cocktail of carbohydrases as an anti-biofouling agents: a 'green approach'. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:455-481. [PMID: 35673761 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2085566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes, also known as biocatalysts, display vital properties like high substrate specificity, an eco-friendly nature, low energy inputs, and cost-effectiveness. Among their numerous known applications, enzymes that can target biofilms or their components are increasingly being investigated for their anti-biofouling action, particularly in healthcare, food manufacturing units and environmental applications. Enzymes can target biofilms at different levels like during the attachment of microorganisms, formation of exopolymeric substances (EPS), and their disruption thereafter. In this regard, a consortium of carbohydrases that can target heterogeneous polysaccharides present in the EPS matrix may provide an effective alternative to conventional chemical anti-biofouling methods. Further, for complete annihilation of biofilms, enzymes can be used alone or in conjunction with other antimicrobial agents. Enzymes hold the promise to replace the conventional methods with greener, more economical, and more efficient alternatives. The present article explores the potential and future perspectives of using carbohydrases as effective anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arashdeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Ashrit P, Sadanandan B, Shetty K, Vaniyamparambath V. Polymicrobial Biofilm Dynamics of Multidrug-Resistant Candida albicans and Ampicillin-Resistant Escherichia coli and Antimicrobial Inhibition by Aqueous Garlic Extract. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050573. [PMID: 35625217 PMCID: PMC9137478 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial biofilm of C. albicans with E. coli exhibits a dynamic interspecies interaction and is refractory to conventional antimicrobials. In this study, a high biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant strain of C. albicans overcomes inhibition by E. coli in a 24 h coculture. However, following treatment with whole Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE), these individual biofilms of multidrug-resistant C. albicans M-207 and Ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli ATCC 39936 and their polymicrobial biofilm were prevented, as evidenced by biochemical and structural characterization. This study advances the antimicrobial potential of AGE to inhibit drug-resistant C. albicans and bacterial-associated polymicrobial biofilms, suggesting the potential for effective combinatorial and synergistic antimicrobial designs with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ashrit
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Bindu Sadanandan
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, India; (P.A.); (V.V.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +91-80-2308331; Fax: +91-80-2360-3124
| | - Kalidas Shetty
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;
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Mechmechani S, Khelissa S, Gharsallaoui A, Omari KE, Hamze M, Chihib NE. Hurdle technology using encapsulated enzymes and essential oils to fight bacterial biofilms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2311-2335. [PMID: 35312826 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces has become a major public health concern because of the serious problems they can cause in various fields. Biofilm cells are extremely resistant to stressful conditions, because of their complex structure impedes antimicrobial penetration to deep-seated cells. The increased resistance of biofilm to currently applied control strategies underscores the urgent need for new alternative and/or supplemental eradication approaches. The combination of two or more methods, known as Hurdle technology, offers an excellent option for the highly effective control of biofilms. In this perspective, the use of functional enzymes combined with biosourced antimicrobial such as essential oil (EO) is a promising alternative anti-biofilm approach. However, these natural antibiofilm agents can be damaged by severe environmental conditions and lose their activity. The microencapsulation of enzymes and EOs is a promising new technology for enhancing their stability and improving their biological activity. This review article highlights the problems related to biofilm in various fields, and the use of encapsulated enzymes with essential oils as antibiofilm agents. KEY POINTS: • Problems associated with biofilms in the food and medical sectors and their subsequent risks on health and food quality. • Hurdle technology using enzymes and essential oils is a promising strategy for an efficient biofilms control. • The microencapsulation of enzymes and essential oils ensures their stability and improves their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Mechmechani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Lille, France.,Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Simon Khelissa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Adem Gharsallaoui
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Khaled El Omari
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nour-Eddine Chihib
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux Et Transformations, Lille, France.
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Doub JB. Risk of Bacteriophage Therapeutics to Transfer Genetic Material and Contain Contaminants Beyond Endotoxins with Clinically Relevant Mitigation Strategies. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 14:5629-5637. [PMID: 34992389 PMCID: PMC8711558 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s341265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is a promising adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections and chronic biofilm infections. However, there is limited knowledge about how to best utilize these agents in vivo, leading to a wide range of treatment protocols. Moreover, while bacteriophages are similar to antibiotics in their antimicrobial effects, these are active viruses and are very different from conventional antibiotics. One main difference that clinicians should be cognizant about is the potential ability of these therapeutics to horizontally transfer genetic material, and the clinical ramifications of such events. In addition, while bacteriophage therapeutics are readily tested for sterility and endotoxins, clinicians should also be aware of other contaminants, such as exotoxins, pathogenicity islands and prophages, that can contaminate bacteriophage therapeutics, and their clinical ramifications. While the perception may be that these are only theoretical issues, regulatory agencies are starting to recommend their evaluation when using bacteriophage therapy and subsequently these topics are discussed herein, as are ways to test for and mitigate the adverse effects of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Doub
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Banerjee S, Vishakha K, Das S, Sangma PD, Mondal S, Ganguli A. Oxidative stress, DNA, and membranes targets as modes of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of facile synthesized biocompatible keratin-copper nanoparticles against multidrug resistant uro-pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:20. [PMID: 34989880 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are two of the most prevalent uro-pathogens and are difficult to treat as they acquire multidrug-resistant traits. In this study, the main objective was to develop biocompatible copper nanoparticles using chicken feather keratin protein (CuNPs-K) and to investigate their impact on multidrug-resistant (MDR) uro-pathogens, E. coli and E. faecalis, under both single and mixed culture conditions. CuNPs-K were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and docking experiments. The MIC values of CuNPs-K against single and mixed planktonic cultures were 50 μg/ml and 75 μg/ml, respectively. CuNPs-K efficiently disrupted the biofilm of single and mixed uro-pathogen cultures by eliminating sessile cells. This biofilm disruption may be attributed to a decline in the production of extracellular polymeric substances in both single and mixed bacterial cultures treated with CuNPs-K. Moreover, selective antimicrobial activity was determined by selectivity assays using T24 cells. CuNPs-K targets both the bacterial membrane and DNA with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their bactericidal mode of action. This comprehensive antimicrobial activity of CuNPs-K was further confirmed in vivo by using the zebra fish model. In this study, CuNPs-K effectively reduced bacterial load with increased survivability of infected zebrafish. All these results suggest that CuNPs-K can be explored as an exceptional antibacterial agent against MDR uro-pathogenic E. coli and E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4 Sector-V, Saltlake City, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Kumari Vishakha
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4 Sector-V, Saltlake City, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Shatabdi Das
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4 Sector-V, Saltlake City, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Priyanka D Sangma
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4 Sector-V, Saltlake City, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sandhimita Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4 Sector-V, Saltlake City, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Arnab Ganguli
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM-4 Sector-V, Saltlake City, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700091, India.
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Bröcker JHL, Stone W, Carstens A, Wolfaardt GM. Micropollutant transformation and toxicity: Electrochemical ozonation versus biological metabolism. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473221122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental water sources are constantly polluted by anthropogenic compounds, not always minimized by conventional water treatment methods to remove these compounds at the micro- and nano-range. The absolute concentrations of a suite of seven representative environmental micropollutants were compared pre- and post-treatment with both ozone and microbial biofilms, in terms of removal efficiencies and toxicity assays. Both synthetic micropollutant mixes and environmental water samples were evaluated. The study started with two representative micropollutants (carbamazepine, CBZ, and sulfamethoxazole, SMX), and broadened into a suite of pollutants, evaluating whole-sample eco-toxicological footprints. An ozone concentration of 4.24 ± 0.27 mg/L in tap water, resulted in an 87.9% and 96.5% removal of CBZ and SMX, respectively, within 1 min. Despite almost immediate removal of parent micropollutants by oxidation, endocrine disruption potential (anti-estrogenicity) of CBZ and SMX required up to 240 min of ozone treatment to show no assay effect. A broader suite of micropollutants in more complex environmental matrices showed scavenging of ozone (2.95 ± 0.17–0.25 ± 0.03 mg/L) and varying micropollutant recalcitrance to oxidation. Lower matrix pollution led to lower reduction in eco-toxicity. Microbial degradation of CBZ and SMX (56% and 70% versus 19% and 79%, respectively, in duplicate biofilms) by nutrient-limited biofilms showed less removal than ozonation, with marked variation due to the stochastic nature of biofilm sloughing. Microbial degradation of CBZ and SMX resulted in an increase of >90% in both estrogenicity and Aliivibrio inhibition. The results obtained from this study address a gap in understanding the removal efficiency of micropollutants, where the removal process often receives more attention than the comparative reduction of toxicological effects. This shift from a controlled laboratory environment to real-world scenarios also provided comparative insights into the removal of micropollutants and the eco-toxicity of the transformation by-products of each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- JHL Bröcker
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W Stone
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A Carstens
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - GM Wolfaardt
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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CORRECTION OF VAGINAL DYSBIOSIS CAUSED BY THE BIOFILM FORMING STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, USING PROBIOTIC BASED ON SPORE MICROORGANISMS. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-1-79-209-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Akhtar F, Khan AU, Qazi B, Kulanthaivel S, Mishra P, Akhtar K, Ali A. A nano phototheranostic approach of toluidine blue conjugated gold silver core shells mediated photodynamic therapy to treat diabetic foot ulcer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24464. [PMID: 34961769 PMCID: PMC8712511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot infection caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, is becoming serious problem. Moreover, polymicrobial biofilms contribute significantly to the persistent infections. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of novel toluidine blue conjugated chitosan coated gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles (TBO-chit-Au-AgNPs) mediated photodynamic therapy and demonstrate their use as a nontoxic antibacterial therapy to combat diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) caused by multi-drug resistant strains both in monomicrobial and polymicrobial state of infection. In vitro efficacy of TBO-chit-Au-AgNPs mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against polymicrobial biofilms was determined using standard plate count method and compared with that of monomicrobial biofilms of each species. Different anti-biofilm assays and microscopic studies were performed to check the efficacy of TBO-chit-Au-AgNPs mediated PDT, displayed significant decrease in the formation of biofilm. Finally, its therapeutic potential was validated in vivo type-2DFU. Cytokines level was found reduced, using nano-phototheranostic approach, indicating infection control. Expression profile of growth factors confirmed both the pathogenesis and healing of DFU. Hence, we conclude that TBO-chit-Au-AgNPs mediated PDT is a promising anti-bacterial therapeutic approach which leads to a synergistic healing of DFU caused by MDR bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Akhtar
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India.
| | - Bushra Qazi
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India
| | - Senthilguru Kulanthaivel
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, JNMC, A.M.U., Aligarh, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, F/O Medicine, JNMC, A.M.U., Aligarh, India
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Mgomi FC, Yuan L, Chen CW, Zhang YS, Yang ZQ. Bacteriophages: A weapon against mixed-species biofilms in the food processing environment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:2107-2121. [PMID: 34932868 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilms represent the most frequent actual lifestyles of microorganisms in food processing environments, and they are usually more resistant to control methods than single-species biofilms. The persistence of biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens is believed to cause serious human diseases. These challenges have encouraged researchers to search for novel, natural methods that are more effective towards mixed-species biofilms. Recently, the use of bacteriophages to control mixed-species biofilms have grown significantly in the food industry as an alternative to conventional methods. This review highlights a comprehensive introduction of mixed-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens and their enhanced resistance to anti-biofilm removal strategies. Additionally, several methods for controlling mixed-species biofilms briefly focused on applying bacteriophages in the food industry have also been discussed. This article concludes by suggesting that using bacteriophage, combined with other 'green' methods, could effectively control mixed-species biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedrick C Mgomi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Cao-Wei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
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Raval YS, Mohamed A, Flurin L, Mandrekar JN, Greenwood Quaintance KE, Beyenal H, Patel R. Hydrogen-peroxide generating electrochemical bandage is active in vitro against mono- and dual-species biofilms. Biofilm 2021; 3:100055. [PMID: 34585138 PMCID: PMC8455977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms formed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wound beds present unique challenges in terms of treating chronic wound infections; biofilms formed by one or more than one bacterial species are often involved. In this work, the in vitro anti-biofilm activity of a novel electrochemical bandage (e-bandage) composed of carbon fabric and controlled by a wearable potentiostat, designed to continuously deliver low amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was evaluated against 34 mono-species and 12 dual-species membrane bacterial biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Cutibacterium acnes, and Bacteroides fragilis. Biofilms were grown on polycarbonate membranes placed atop agar plates. An e-bandage, which electrochemically reduces dissolved oxygen to H2O2 when polarized at -0.6 VAg/AgCl, was then placed atop each membrane biofilm and polarized continuously for 12, 24, and 48 h using a wearable potentiostat. Time-dependent decreases in viable CFU counts of all mono- and dual-species biofilms were observed after e-bandage treatment. 48 h of e-bandage treatment resulted in an average reduction of 8.17 ± 0.40 and 7.99 ± 0.32 log10 CFU/cm2 for mono- and dual-species biofilms, respectively. Results suggest that the described H2O2 producing e-bandage can reduce in vitro viable cell counts of biofilms grown either in mono- or dual-species forms, and should be further developed as a potential antibiotic-free treatment strategy for treating chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash S. Raval
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Laure Flurin
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Chronic wound dressings - Pathogenic bacteria anti-biofilm treatment with bacterial cellulose-chitosan polymer or bacterial cellulose-chitosan dots composite hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:315-323. [PMID: 34562533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the pathogenic bacteria biofilms are involved in 70% of chronic infections and their resistance to antibiotics is increased, the research in this field requires new healing agents. New composite hydrogels were designed as potential chronic wound dressings composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) with chitosan polymer (Chi) - BC-Chi and chitosan nanoparticles (nChiD) - BC-nChiD. nChiD were obtained by gamma irradiation at doses: 20, 40 and 60 kGy. Physical and chemical analyses showed incorporation of Chi and encapsulation of nChiD into BC. The BC-Chi has the highest average surface roughness. BC-nChiD hydrogels show an irradiated dose-dependent increase of average surface roughness. New composite hydrogels are biocompatible with excellent anti-biofilm potential with up to 90% reduction of viable biofilm and up to 65% reduction of biofilm height. The BC-nChiD showed better dressing characteristics: higher porosity, higher wound fluid absorption and faster migration of cells (in vitro healing). All obtained results confirmed both composite hydrogels as promising chronic wound healing agents.
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Simonetti O, Rizzetto G, Radi G, Molinelli E, Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Offidani A. New Perspectives on Old and New Therapies of Staphylococcal Skin Infections: The Role of Biofilm Targeting in Wound Healing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111377. [PMID: 34827315 PMCID: PMC8615132 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the most common complications of both chronic wound and surgical sites are staphylococcal skin infections, which slow down the wound healing process due to various virulence factors, including the ability to produce biofilms. Furthermore, staphylococcal skin infections are often caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and become a therapeutic challenge. The aim of this narrative review is to collect the latest evidence on old and new anti-staphylococcal therapies, assessing their anti-biofilm properties and their effect on skin wound healing. We considered antibiotics, quorum sensing inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, topical dressings, and antimicrobial photo-dynamic therapy. According to our review of the literature, targeting of biofilm is an important therapeutic choice in acute and chronic infected skin wounds both to overcome antibiotic resistance and to achieve better wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-715-963-494
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Giulia Radi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (O.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (O.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
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Abstract
Microbes are hardly seen as planktonic species and are most commonly found as biofilm communities in cases of chronic infections. Biofilms are regarded as a biological condition, where a large group of microorganisms gets adhered to a biotic or abiotic surface. In this context, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen is the main causative organism responsible for life-threatening and persistent infections in individuals affected with cystic fibrosis and other lung ailments. The bacteria can form a strong biofilm structure when it adheres to a surface suitable for the development of a biofilm matrix. These bacterial biofilms pose higher natural resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy due to their multiple tolerance mechanisms. This prevailing condition has led to an increasing rate of treatment failures associated with P. aeruginosa biofilm infections. A better understanding of the effect of a diverse group of antibiotics on established biofilms would be necessary to avoid inappropriate treatment strategies. Hence, the search for other alternative strategies as effective biofilm treatment options has become a growing area of research. The current review aims to give an overview of the mechanisms governing biofilm formation and the different strategies employed so far in the control of biofilm infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Moreover, this review can also help researchers to search for new antibiofilm agents to tackle the effect of biofilm infections that are currently imprudent to conventional antibiotics.
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Reversal of Polymicrobial Biofilm Tolerance to Ciprofloxacin by Blue Light plus Carvacrol. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102074. [PMID: 34683395 PMCID: PMC8539106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound infections are often caused by multi-species biofilms and these biofilm-embedded bacteria exhibit remarkable tolerance to existing antibiotics, which presents huge challenges to control such infections in the wounds. In this investigation, we established a polymicrobial biofilm composed of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii. We tested a cocktail therapy comprising 405-nm blue light (BL), carvacrol (Ca), and antibiotics on the multispecies biofilm. Despite the fact that all strains used to form the biofilm were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (CIP) in planktonic cultures, the biofilm was found to withstand ciprofloxacin as well as BL-Ca dual treatment, mainly because K. pneumoniae outgrew and became dominant in the biofilm after each treatment. Strikingly, when ciprofloxacin was combined with BL-Ca, the multispecies biofilms succumbed substantially and were eradicated at an efficacy of 99.9%. Mechanistically, BL-Ca treatment increased membrane permeability and potentiated the anti-biofilm activity of ciprofloxacin, probably by facilitating ciprofloxacin’s entrance of the bacteria, which is particularly significant for K. pneumoniae, a species that is refractory to either ciprofloxacin or BL-Ca dual treatment. The results suggest that bacterial membrane damage can be one of the pivotal strategies to subvert biofilm tolerance and combat the recalcitrant multispecies biofilms.
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Yan H, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Su R, Li P, Su W. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Curcumin Nanocomposites for Remarkable Antibacterial Activity with Synergistic Photodynamic and Photothermal Abilities. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6703-6718. [PMID: 35006973 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted more and more attention as an alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy. Nevertheless, the limitations of traditional photosensitizers seriously hinder their practical application, as a result, the methods to improve the antibacterial properties of traditional photosensitizers have become a hot topic in the field of photomedicine. Herein, a compound nano-PS system has been constructed with synergistic photodynamic and photothermal (PTT) antibacterial effects, triggered by a dual-wavelength illumination. Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized and employed as carriers for the delivery of curcumin (Cur) to obtain CDs/Cur. Upon combined near-infrared and 405 nm visible dual-wavelength irradiation, CDs/Cur could simultaneously generate ROS and a moderate temperature increase, triggering synergistic antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence confocal imaging showed that the combined effect of CDs/Cur with PDT and PTT caused more serious damage to the cell membrane. In addition, CDs/Cur exhibited low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic activity, showing great biocompatibility. Therefore, the construction of CDs/Cur by employing CDs as photosensitizer delivery carriers provides a strategy for the improvement of the antibacterial effect of the photosensitizer and the design of next-generation antibacterial agents in photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Baoqu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Rixiang Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning530200, China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
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Martins Antunes de Melo WDC, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Šimonis P, Stirkė A. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for biofilm treatments. Possible synergy between aPDT and pulsed electric fields. Virulence 2021; 12:2247-2272. [PMID: 34496717 PMCID: PMC8437467 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1960105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, microbial biofilms have been the cause of a wide variety of infections in the human body, reaching 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections. The biofilms present specific properties that increase the resistance to antimicrobial treatments. Thus, the development of new approaches is urgent, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been shown as a promising candidate. aPDT involves a synergic association of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light, producing highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause the oxidation of several cellular components. This therapy attacks many components of the biofilm, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix; causing inhibition even in the cells that are inside the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Recent advances in designing new PSs to increase the production of ROS and the combination of aPDT with other therapies, especially pulsed electric fields (PEF), have contributed to enhanced biofilm inhibition. The PEF has proven to have antimicrobial effect once it is known that extensive chemical reactions occur when electric fields are applied. This type of treatment kills microorganisms not only due to membrane rupture but also due to the formation of reactive compounds including free oxygen, hydrogen, hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. So, this review aims to show the progress of aPDT and PEF against the biofilms, suggesting that the association of both methods can potentiate their effects and overcome biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa de Cassia Martins Antunes de Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Raimonda Celiešiūtė-Germanienė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Povilas Šimonis
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Laboratory of Bioelectric, State Research Institute, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Toledo-Silva B, de Souza FN, Mertens K, Piepers S, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Bovine-associated non-aureus staphylococci suppress Staphylococcus aureus biofilm dispersal in vitro yet not through agr regulation. Vet Res 2021; 52:114. [PMID: 34479647 PMCID: PMC8414718 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a significant virulence factor in Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A role of environmental signals and communication systems in biofilm development, such as the agr system in S. aureus, is suggested. In the context of multispecies biofilm communities, the presence of non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) might influence S. aureus colonization of the bovine mammary gland, yet, such interspecies interactions have been poorly studied. We determined whether 34 S. chromogenes, 11 S. epidermidis, and 14 S. simulans isolates originating from bovine milk samples and teat apices (TA) were able to affect biofilm formation and dispersion of S. aureus, and if so, how isolate traits such as the capacity to regulate the S. aureus agr quorum sensing system are determinants in this process. The capacity of an agr-positive S. aureus strain to form biofilm was increased more in the presence of S. chromogenes than in the presence of S. simulans and S. epidermidis isolates and in the presence of NAS isolates that do not harbor biofilm related genes. On the other hand, biofilm dispersion of this particular S. aureus strain was suppressed by NAS as a group, an effect that was more pronounced by isolates from TA. Furthermore, the observed effects on biofilm formation and dispersion of the agr-positive S. aureus strain as well as of an agr-negative S. aureus strain did not depend on the capacity of NAS to repress the agr system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Toledo-Silva
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Fernando N de Souza
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva Av. 87, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraiba, Rodovia PB-079 12, Areia, João Pessoa, 58397-000, Brazil
| | - Kristien Mertens
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Piepers
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-Team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Ghent, Belgium
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Militello G, Bich L, Moreno A. Functional Integration and Individuality in Prokaryotic Collective Organisations. Acta Biotheor 2021; 69:391-415. [PMID: 32816285 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-020-09390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Both physiological and evolutionary criteria of biological individuality are underpinned by the idea that an individual is a functionally integrated whole. However, a precise account of functional integration has not been provided so far, and current notions are not developed in the details, especially in the case of composite systems. To address this issue, this paper focuses on the organisational dimension of two representative associations of prokaryotes: biofilms and the endosymbiosis between prokaryotes. Some critical voices have been raised against the thesis that biofilms are biological individuals. Nevertheless, it has not been investigated which structural and functional obstacles may prevent them from being fully integrated physiological or evolutionary units. By contrast, the endosymbiotic association of different species of prokaryotes has the potential for achieving a different type of physiological integration based on a common boundary and interlocked functions. This type of association had made it possible, under specific conditions, to evolve endosymbionts into fully integrated organelles. This paper therefore has three aims: first, to analyse the organisational conditions and the physiological mechanisms that enable integration in prokaryotic associations; second, to discuss the organisational differences between biofilms and prokaryotic endosymbiosis and the types of integration they achieve; finally, to provide a more precise account of functional integration based on these case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Militello
- IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind and Society, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Leonardo Bich
- IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind and Society, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Moreno
- IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind and Society, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida de Tolosa 70, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Makabenta JMV, Park J, Li CH, Chattopadhyay AN, Nabawy A, Landis RF, Gupta A, Schmidt-Malan S, Patel R, Rotello VM. Polymeric Nanoparticles Active against Dual-Species Bacterial Biofilms. Molecules 2021; 26:4958. [PMID: 34443542 PMCID: PMC8399783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infections are a global public health threat, necessitating new treatment strategies. Biofilm formation also contributes to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Biofilm-associated chronic infections typically involve colonization by more than one bacterial species. The co-existence of multiple species of bacteria in biofilms exacerbates therapeutic challenges and can render traditional antibiotics ineffective. Polymeric nanoparticles offer alternative antimicrobial approaches to antibiotics, owing to their tunable physico-chemical properties. Here, we report the efficacy of poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI)-based antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) against multi-species bacterial biofilms. PNPs showed good dual-species biofilm penetration profiles as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed, with reduction in both bacterial viability and overall biofilm mass. Further, PNPs displayed minimal fibroblast toxicity and high antimicrobial activity in an in vitro co-culture model comprising fibroblast cells and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study highlights a potential clinical application of the presented polymeric platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessa Marie V. Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Ryan F. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Akash Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Suzannah Schmidt-Malan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (S.S.-M.); (R.P.)
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA; (S.S.-M.); (R.P.)
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (J.M.V.M.); (J.P.); (C.-H.L.); (A.N.C.); (A.N.); (R.F.L.); (A.G.)
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49
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Abstract
Careful attention to detail and adherence to procedure guidelines when inserting and managing intravascular catheters has decreased the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). In order to limit these, health professionals must understand the underlying microbiology. Biofilms can explain the clinical findings most often seen with CRBSIs, yet they are poorly understood within medicine. Bacteria growing on solid surfaces such as a catheter are predominantly in biofilm phenotype, with a group of genes active that allow the bacteria to be tolerant to antiseptics and antibiotics by producing a self-secreted protective matrix. It is unclear whether it is planktonic seeding or small fragments of biofilm breaking off into the bloodstream that eventually results in the acute infection. The literature identifies four routes for microbes to adhere to a catheter and start biofilm formation: catheter contact, catheter insertion, catheter management and non-catheter-related sources. Routine clinical culture methods are inadequate to fully identify microbes producing catheter biofilm and/or bloodstream infection, therefore DNA methods may be required to diagnose CRBSIs. Treatment is removal and reinsertion of the catheter in a different site when possible. However, antibiofilm strategies can be employed to try to salvage the catheter. The use of high-dose antiseptics or antibiotics for long durations inside the catheter and hub (antibiotic/antiseptic lock) can suppress biofilm enough to reduce the seeding of the blood below a level where the patient's immune system can prevent bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Wolcott
- Physician, Southwest Regional Wound Care Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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50
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Custodio R, Ford RM, Ellison CJ, Liu G, Mickute G, Tang CM, Exley RM. Type VI secretion system killing by commensal Neisseria is influenced by expression of type four pili. eLife 2021; 10:63755. [PMID: 34232858 PMCID: PMC8263058 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SSs) are widespread in bacteria and can dictate the development and organisation of polymicrobial ecosystems by mediating contact dependent killing. In Neisseria species, including Neisseria cinerea a commensal of the human respiratory tract, interbacterial contacts are mediated by Type four pili (Tfp) which promote formation of aggregates and govern the spatial dynamics of growing Neisseria microcolonies. Here, we show that N. cinerea expresses a plasmid-encoded T6SS that is active and can limit growth of related pathogens. We explored the impact of Tfp on N. cinerea T6SS-dependent killing within a colony and show that pilus expression by a prey strain enhances susceptibility to T6SS compared to a non-piliated prey, by preventing segregation from a T6SS-wielding attacker. Our findings have important implications for understanding how spatial constraints during contact-dependent antagonism can shape the evolution of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Custodio
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Ford
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cara J Ellison
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerda Mickute
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph M Tang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M Exley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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