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Melian C, Ploper D, Chehín R, Vignolo G, Castellano P. Impairment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm developed on industrial surfaces by Latilactobacillus curvatus CRL1579 bacteriocin. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104491. [PMID: 38637093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The effect of lactocin AL705, bacteriocin produced by Latilactobacillus (Lat.) curvatus CRL1579 against Listeria biofilms on stainless steel (SS) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coupons at 10 °C was investigated. L. monocytogenes FBUNT showed the greatest adhesion on both surfaces associated to the hydrophobicity of cell surface. Partially purified bacteriocin (800 UA/mL) effectively inhibited L. monocytogenes preformed biofilm through displacement strategy, reducing the pathogen by 5.54 ± 0.26 and 4.74 ± 0.05 log cycles at 3 and 6 days, respectively. The bacteriocin-producer decreased the pathogen biofilm by ∼2.84 log cycles. Control and Bac- treated samples reached cell counts of 7.05 ± 0.18 and 6.79 ± 0.06 log CFU/cm2 after 6 days of incubation. Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CLSM) allowed visualizing the inhibitory effect of lactocin AL705 on L. monocytogenes preformed biofilms under static and hydrodynamic flow conditions. A greater effect of the bacteriocin was found at 3 days independently of the surface matrix and pathogen growth conditions at 10 °C. As a more realistic approach, biofilm displacement strategy under continuous flow conditions showed a significant loss of biomass, mean thickness and substratum coverage of pathogen biofilm. These findings highlight the anti-biofilm capacity of lactocin AL705 and their potential application in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Melian
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego Ploper
- IMMCA (Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-Ministerio de Salud Pública, Gobierno de Tucumán, Pje. Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Rosana Chehín
- IMMCA (Instituto de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Celular Aplicada, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán-Ministerio de Salud Pública, Gobierno de Tucumán, Pje. Dorrego 1080, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Vignolo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Patricia Castellano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina.
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2
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Prabhukhot GS, Eggleton CD, Vinyard B, Patel J. Using Bio-inline reactor to evaluate sanitizer efficacy in removing dual-species biofilms formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Prot 2024:100314. [PMID: 38876365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of a sanitizer in biofilm removal may be influenced by a combination of factors such as sanitizer exposure time and concentration, bacterial species, surface topography and shear stresses. We employed an inline biofilm reactor to investigate the interactions of these variables on biofilm removal with chlorine. The CDC bioreactor was used to grow E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes biofilms as a single species or with R. insidiosa as a dual-species biofilm on stainless steel, PTFE, and EPDM coupons at shear stresses 0.368 and 2.462 N/m2 for 48-hours. Coupons were retrieved from a CDC bioreactor and placed in an inline biofilm reactor and 100, 200 or 500 ppm of chlorine was supplied for 1-and-4 min. Bacterial populations in the biofilms were quantified pre- and post-treatment by plating on selective media. After chlorine treatment, reduction (Log CFU/cm2) in pathogen populations obtained from three replicates were analyzed for statistical significance. A 1-min chlorine treatment (500 ppm), on dual-species E. coli O157:H7 biofilms grown at high shear stress of 2.462 N/m2 resulted in significant E. coli O157:H7 reductions on SS 316L (2.79 log CFU/cm2) and PTFE (1.76 log CFU/cm2). Similar trend was also observed for biofilm removal after a 4-min chlorine treatment. Single species E. coli O157:H7 biofilms exhibited higher resistance to chlorine when biofilms were developed at high shear stress. The effect of chlorine in L. monocytogenes removal from dual-species biofilms was dependent primarily on the shear stress at which they were formed rather than the surface topography of materials. Besides surface topography, shear stresses at which biofilms were formed also influenced the effect of sanitizer. The removal of E. coli O157:H7 biofilms from EPDM material may require critical interventions due to difficulty in removing this pathogen. The inline biofilm reactor is novel tool to evaluate the efficacy of a sanitizer in bacterial biofilm removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma S Prabhukhot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA; US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Charles D Eggleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Vinyard
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jitendra Patel
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental and Microbial Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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3
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Tian D, Qiao Y, Peng Q, Xu X, Shi B. Anti-biofilm mechanism of a synthetical low molecular weight poly-d-mannose on Salmonella Typhimurium. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106515. [PMID: 38160987 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a low molecular weight poly-d-mannose (LMWM) was separated from a mixed polysaccharide synthesized previously. Monosaccharide composition, Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), periodate oxidation and smith degradation were determined. After safety evaluation, the inhibition of LMWM on the different biofilm formation stages of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was tested in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of LMWM on the adhesion of S. Typhimurium to Caco-2 cells and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) were observed. Results indicated that LMWM was a homopolysaccharide without cytotoxicity and hemolysis, containing both α-mannose and β-mannose. It showed obvious anti-biofilm activity on S. Typhimurium and mainly activated on the initial adhesion and formation stage, even better than the commercial S. cerevisiae mannan (CM). LMWM inhibited the adhesion of S. Typhimurium on Caco-2 cells with the inhibition rate of 61.04 % at 2 mg/ml. Meanwhile, LMWM decreased the hydrophobicity of S. Typhimurium cell surface. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect on S. Typhimurium biofilm was not caused by bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity of LMWM. The specific anti-adhesion and the decrease of bacterial CSH by LMWM may closely relate to anti-biofilm mechanism. This study provides some supports for the application of LMWM as antibiotics alternative on S. Typhimurium in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tian
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing Peng
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bo Shi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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4
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Dorick JM, Macarisin D, Dunn L, Dev Kumar G. Effect of aquaponic water and substratum material on biofilm formation by Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 404:110316. [PMID: 37499272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is a zoonotic pathogen causing illness in fish and susceptible humans. This emerging pathogen has been isolated within aquaponic systems and could cause disease in fish and a hazard to humans consuming aquaponic produce. This study determined whether A. hydrophila from an aquaponic farm could form biofilms in aquaponic water and on materials used in these systems. A. hydrophila biofilm biomass and cell density in aquaponic water were evaluated by crystal violet staining and culture-based enumeration. Biofilm biomass and biofilm cell density were affected by the water source and A. hydrophila isolate (P < 0.05). A. hydrophila formed the most biomass from the beginning of deep-water culture (BDWC) water (OD570 0.202 ± 0.066) and the least from the end of deep-water culture (EDWC) water (OD570 0.140 ± 0.036; P < 0.05). Enumerated A. hydrophila from the biofilm varied among water sources; the fish tank water supported the greatest cell density (7.04 ± 0.71 log CFU/mL) while the EDWC supported the lowest cell density (6.76 ± 0.83 log CFU/mL). Biofilm formation was also evaluated on aquaponic materials such as nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene liner, bead filter, and foam. Biofilm formation on the liner had the greatest population (2.39 ± 0.022 log CFU/cm2), and the bead had the least (0.64 ± 0.039 log CFU/cm2; P < 0.05). Pathogenic organisms, such as A. hydrophila, may pose a greater risk to produce harvested from the BDWC and MDWC due to greater biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Dorick
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Laurel Dunn
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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5
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Chen S, Ding Y. A bibliography study of Shewanella oneidensis biofilm. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad124. [PMID: 37796898 PMCID: PMC10630087 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study employs a bibliography study method to evaluate 472 papers focused on Shewanella oneidensis biofilms. Biofilms, which are formed when microorganisms adhere to surfaces or interfaces, play a crucial role in various natural, engineered, and medical settings. Within biofilms, microorganisms are enclosed in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), creating a stable working environment. This characteristic enhances the practicality of biofilm-based systems in natural bioreactors, as they are less susceptible to temperature and pH fluctuations compared to enzyme-based bioprocesses. Shewanella oneidensis, a nonpathogenic bacterium with the ability to transfer electrons, serves as an example of a species isolated from its environment that exhibits extensive biofilm applications. These applications, such as heavy metal removal, offer potential benefits for environmental engineering and human health. This paper presents a comprehensive examination and review of the biology and engineering aspects of Shewanella biofilms, providing valuable insights into their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanzhao Ding
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom
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6
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Finn L, Onyeaka H, O’Neill S. Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Associated Environments: A Persistent Enigma. Foods 2023; 12:3339. [PMID: 37761048 PMCID: PMC10529182 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne illness associated with high rates of mortality (20-30%) and hospitalisation. It is particularly dangerous among vulnerable groups, such as newborns, pregnant women and the elderly. The persistence of this organism in food-associated environments for months to years has been linked to several devastating listeriosis outbreaks. It may also result in significant costs to food businesses and economies. Currently, the mechanisms that facilitate LM persistence are poorly understood. Unravelling the enigma of what drives listerial persistence will be critical for developing more targeted control and prevention strategies. One prevailing hypothesis is that persistent strains exhibit stronger biofilm production on abiotic surfaces in food-associated environments. This review aims to (i) provide a comprehensive overview of the research on the relationship between listerial persistence and biofilm formation from phenotypic and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies; (ii) to highlight the ongoing challenges in determining the role biofilm development plays in persistence, if any; and (iii) to propose future research directions for overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Manville E, Kaya EC, Yucel U, Boyle D, Trinetta V. Evaluation of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms attachment and formation on different surfaces using a CDC biofilm reactor. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 399:110251. [PMID: 37244228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can adapt, persist, and form biofilms on food premises surfaces, representing a challenge for food safety, since they led to disease transmission, food contamination and spoilage during production. Physical interventions (scrubbing and wiping) can help controlling formation, nevertheless when biofilms are formed, they are usually very resistant to current control strategies used in the food industry. Biofilm attachment and formation is influenced by environment characteristics, substrate properties and microbial motility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of L. monocytogenes to attach and form biofilms on different surfaces (wood, nylon, and polycarbonate) representative of the materials used during produce harvesting and storage. Multi-strain L. monocytogenes biofilms were grown in a CDC Biofilm reactor at 20 ± 2 °C up to 96-h and characterized for: a) attachment strength by enumerating cells after rinsing; b) hydrophobicity and interfacial tension by contact angle measurements; c) biofilm architecture by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. All experiments were done in triplicate. Material, incubation, and solvent significantly affected the hydrophobicity and wetting properties of L. monocytogenes biofilms (P < 0.05). The type of material and incubation time significantly influenced hydrophobicity and wetting properties of L. monocytogenes biofilms (P < 0.05). Highest contact angle and lowest interfacial tension were observed on polycarbonate coupons. The data presented contributes to understanding Listeria biofilms grow on different surfaces commonly used in produce harvesting and storage. The data obtained in this study can be used when evaluating intervention strategies to control this pathogen in food premises.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Manville
- Kansas State University, Food Science Institute, 216 Call Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - E C Kaya
- Kansas State University, Food Science Institute, 216 Call Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - U Yucel
- Kansas State University, Food Science Institute, 216 Call Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - D Boyle
- Kansas State University, Division of Biology, 6 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66503, USA
| | - V Trinetta
- Kansas State University, Food Science Institute, 216 Call Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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8
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Shi C, Zheng L, Lu Z, Zhang X, Bie X. The global regulator SpoVG regulates Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106144. [PMID: 37148923 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms provide a suitable environment for L. monocytogenes and are the cause of enormous risks in the food industry. SpoVG is a global regulatory factor that plays a vital role in physiological activity of L. monocytogenes. We constructed spoVG mutant strains to investigate the effects of these mutants on L. monocytogenes biofilms. The results show that L. monocytogenes biofilm formation was decreased by 40%. Furthermore, we measured biofilm related phenotypes to study the regulation of SpoVG. The motility capacity of L. monocytogenes was found to decrease after the deletion of spoVG. The cell surface properties changed in the spoVG mutant strains, with an increase in both the cell surface hydrophobicity and the auto-aggregation capacity after spoVG deletion. SpoVG mutant strains were found to be more sensitive to antibiotics, and had a reduced tolerance to inappropriate pH, salt stress and low temperature. The RT-qPCR results showed that SpoVG effectively regulated the expression of genes related to quorum sensing, flagella, virulence and stress factors. These findings suggest that spoVG has potential as a target to decrease biofilm formation and control L. monocytogenes contamination in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Effect of low doses of biocides on the susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to various antibiotics of clinical importance. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus casei NA-2 attenuates Escherichia coli O157:H7 surface adhesion via modulation of membrane surface properties and adhesion-related gene expression. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105863. [PMID: 36332791 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The natural compound, exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus casei NA-2 (EPS-cn2), has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157:H7. Although bacterial adhesion to substrate surfaces is a primary, indispensable step in this process, the mechanisms by which EPS-cn2 can block E. coli O157:H7 adhesion to biotic or abiotic surfaces remain unclear. In this study, investigation of E. coli O157:H7 response to EPS-cn2 revealed that 1 mg/mL EPS-cn2 can decrease adherence to polystyrene and confluent Caco-2 cell surfaces to 49.0% (P<0.0001) and 57.0% (P<0.01) of that in untreated E. coli O157:H7, respectively. Moreover, EPS-cn2 significantly reduced outer membrane hydrophobicity by 49.0% and decreased the electronegativity of the membrane surface charge by as much as 1.57 mV (P<0.05) compared to untreated cells. High throughput RNA sequencing indicated that genes responsible for adhesion through extracellular matrix secretion, such as poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) biosynthesis, locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) proteins and outer membrane protein (OmpT) were all down-regulated in response to EPS-cn2, while chemotaxis and motility-related flagellar assembly genes were differentially up-regulated, suggesting that the EPS-cn2 may serve as an extracellular signal to attenuate adhesion-related gene expression and alter bacterial surface properties in E. coli O157:H7. These findings support the further development of EPS-cn2 for pathogenic biofilm management in clinical and industrial settings, and suggests the further targeting of adhesion-related genes to limit the persistence of this highly pathogenic strain in sensitive environments.
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11
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Cho HY, Lee JE, Lee JH, Ahn DU, Kim KT, Paik HD. Anti-biofilm effect of egg white ovotransferrin and its hydrolysates against Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Sun L, Hu L, Wang Z, Wang X, Dong Q. Adhesion and kinetics of biofilm formation and related gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes in response to nutritional stress. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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McVerry B, Polasko A, Rao E, Haghniaz R, Chen D, He N, Ramos P, Hayashi J, Curson P, Wu CY, Bandaru P, Anderson M, Bui B, Sayegh A, Mahendra S, Carlo DD, Kreydin E, Khademhosseini A, Sheikhi A, Kaner RB. A Readily Scalable, Clinically Demonstrated, Antibiofouling Zwitterionic Surface Treatment for Implantable Medical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200254. [PMID: 35315553 PMCID: PMC9153982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Unlike growth on tissue, microbes can grow freely on implantable devices with minimal immune system intervention and often form resilient biofilms that continuously pump out pathogenic cells. The efficacy of antibiotics used to treat infection is declining due to increased rates of pathogenic resistance. A simple, one-step zwitterionic surface modification is developed to significantly reduce protein and microbial adhesion to synthetic materials and demonstrate the successful modification of several clinically relevant materials, including recalcitrant materials such as elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane. The treated surfaces exhibit robust adhesion resistance against proteins and microorganisms in both static and flow conditions. Furthermore, the surface treatment prevents the adhesion of mammalian fibroblast cells while displaying no cytotoxicity. To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of the novel technology in the real-world, a surface-treated, commercial silicone foley catheter is developed that is cleared for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (K192034). 16 long-term catheterized patients received surface-treated catheters and completed a Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) questionnaire. 10 out of 16 patients described their urinary tract condition post implantation as "much better" or "very much better" and 72% (n = 13) of patients desire to continue using the surface-treated catheter over conventional latex or silicone catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian McVerry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Silq Technologies, Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Alexandra Polasko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ethan Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Silq Technologies, Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dayong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Na He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Pia Ramos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joel Hayashi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paige Curson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chueh-Yu Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mackenzie Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Brandon Bui
- Silq Technologies, Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Aref Sayegh
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Rancho Research Institute, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, 90242, USA
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Evgeniy Kreydin
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Rancho Research Institute, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, 90242, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Silq Technologies, Corp., Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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14
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Razdan K, Garcia-Lara J, Sinha VR, Singh KK. Pharmaceutical strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilms in chronic wounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2137-2150. [PMID: 35489675 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile communities of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, that grow on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These microorganisms are embedded within an extracellular polymeric substance that provides enhanced protection from antimicrobials. Chronic wounds provide an ideal habitat for biofilm formation. Bacteria can easily attach to wound debris and can infect the wound due to an impaired host immune response. This review highlights the mechanism of biofilm formation and the role of biofilms in the pathophysiology of chronic wounds. Our major focus is on various formulation strategies and delivery systems that are employed to eradicate or disperse biofilms, thereby effectively managing acute and chronic wounds. We also discuss clinical research that has studied or is studying the treatment of biofilm-infected chronic wounds. Teaser: Innovative pharmaceutical strategies such as hydrogels, nanofibers, films and various nanoscale materials can provide promising approaches for the treatment of biofilm-mediated chronic wound infections, offering the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Razdan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jorge Garcia-Lara
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Translational Biosciences and Behavior, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - V R Sinha
- Pharmaceutics Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Smart Materials, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; UCLan Research Centre for Translational Biosciences and Behavior, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
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15
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Ganesan S, Ruendee T, Kimura SY, Chawengkijwanich C, Janjaroen D. Effect of biofilm formation on different types of plastic shopping bags: Structural and physicochemical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112542. [PMID: 34929185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics and biofilms have a complicated relationship that has great interest. Bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation is considered to cause health and environmental risks from plastic waste accumulation. In water, plastic waste could serve as a new substrate for bacteria. In our study, the attachment of Escherichia coli K12, to four types of plastic shopping bags (biodegradable polylactic acid and the non-biodegradable polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride) was investigated. The change in physicochemical phenomena of each plastic, such as reduced hydrophobicity and higher exopolysaccharide concentrations (total extractable protein and carbohydrate) resulted in increased biofilm content on the plastic surfaces. The bacterial colonization of different plastic surfaces controls the ionic strength of the nutrition sources. The adhesion of Escherichia coli K12 cells on the surfaces were revealed by SEM images. The finding shows that increases surface roughness, besides favor for adhesion of bacterial cells due to hydrophobicity leading to a rapid attachment of Escherichia coli K12 on the surfaces. In addition, we used Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory to predict the attachment of Escherichia coli K12, which gave result of adhesion due to the high energy barrier. This present study added to our knowledge of the possible consequences of plastics acting as a new habitat for microbes in different aquatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaporn Ruendee
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Susana Y Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Program of Industrial Waste Management - Policies and Practices, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, Thailand.
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16
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Gu T, Meesrisom A, Luo Y, Dinh QN, Lin S, Yang M, Sharma A, Tang R, Zhang J, Jia Z, Millner PD, Pearlstein AJ, Zhang B. Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation as affected by stainless steel surface topography and coating composition. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Architecture and Viability of the Biofilms Formed by Nine Listeria Strains on Various Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9235256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are a key factor in the persistence of Listeria in food processing plants, representing a potential source of foodstuff contamination. Nine Listeria strains (eight Listeria monocytogenes and one Listeria ivanovii) were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for their ability to form biofilm on glass, polystyrene, graphene and resin after 120 h of incubation at 12 °C. The relationship between cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation was also investigated. On comparing the data for all the strains, similar (P > 0.05) biovolume values were obtained on glass (average 3.39 ± 1.69 µm3/µm2) and graphene (2.93 ± 1.14 µm3/µm2), while higher (P < 0.05) values were observed for polystyrene (4.39 ± 4.14 µm3/µm2). The highest (P < 0.01) biovolume levels were found in the biofilms formed on resin (7.35 ± 1.45 µm3/µm2), which also had the smallest biomass of inactivated cells (0.38 ± 0.37 µm3/µm2 vs. 1.20 ± 1.12 µm3/µm2 on the remaining surfaces; P < 0.001). No relationship was noted between cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm-forming ability.
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18
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Hua Z, Korany AM, El-Shinawy SH, Zhu MJ. Comparative Evaluation of Different Sanitizers Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Major Food-Contact Surfaces. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2462. [PMID: 31787935 PMCID: PMC6853887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Contaminated food-contact surfaces are recognized as the primary reason for recent L. monocytogenes outbreaks in caramel apples and cantaloupes, highlighting the significance of cleaning and sanitizing food-contact surfaces to ensure microbial safety of fresh produce. This study evaluated efficacies of four commonly used chemical sanitizers at practical concentrations against L. monocytogenes biofilms on major food-contact surfaces including stainless steel, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester (PET), and rubber. In general, efficacies against L. monocytogenes biofilms were enhanced by increasing concentrations of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), chlorine, and chlorine dioxide, or extending treating time from 1 to 5 min. The 5-min treatments of 400 ppm QAC, 5.0 ppm chlorine dioxide, and 200 ppm chlorine reduced 3.0-3.7, 2.4-2.7, and 2.6-3.8 log10 CFU/coupon L. monocytogenes biofilms depending on surfaces. Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) at 160 and 200 ppm showed similar antimicrobial efficacies against biofilms either at 1- or 5-min contact. The 5-min treatment of 200 ppm PAA caused 4.0-4.5 log10 CFU/coupon reduction of L. monocytogenes biofilms on tested surfaces. Surface material had more impact on the efficacies of QAC and chlorine, less influence on those of PAA and chlorine dioxide, while organic matter soiling impaired sanitizer efficacies against L. monocytogenes biofilms independent of food-contact surfaces. Data from this study provide practical guidance for effective disinfection of food-contact surfaces in food processing/packing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hua
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Korany
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.,Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Saadia Helmy El-Shinawy
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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19
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Alonso-Calleja C, Gómez-Fernández S, Carballo J, Capita R. Prevalence, Molecular Typing, and Determination of the Biofilm-Forming Ability of Listeria monocytogenes Serotypes from Poultry Meat and Poultry Preparations in Spain. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E529. [PMID: 31694193 PMCID: PMC6920909 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was undertaken of the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in 260 samples of poultry meat obtained from retail outlets in northwestern Spain. L. monocytogenes was detected in 20 samples (7.7%). Twenty strains (one strain per positive sample) were characterized. The strains belonged to 10 serotypes: 1/2a (2 strains), 1/2b (2), 1/2c (2), 3a (1), 3b (2), 3c (2), 4a (2), 4b (4), 4c (1), and 4d (2). Cluster analysis (ribotyping; EcoRI) showed a strong genetic relationship between strains isolated from samples coming from different outlets. Ribotyping permitted some isolates of the same serotype to be differentiated, which points to the possible usefulness of this technique in the epidemiological surveillance of L. monocytogenes. All strains formed biofilm on polystyrene, as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The biovolume (between 621.7 ± 36.0 µm3 and 62,984.0 ± 14,888.2 µm3 in the observational field of 14,161 μm2), percentage of surface coverage (from 2.17 ± 0.84% to 94.43 ± 3.97%), roughness (between 0.399 ± 0.052 and 0.830 ± 0.022), and maximum thickness (between 9.00 ± 0.00 µm and 24.00 ± 14.93 µm) of biofilms varied between strains (p < 0.05). These results expand knowledge of the characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.A.-C.); (S.G.-F.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Fernández
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.A.-C.); (S.G.-F.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Javier Carballo
- Area of Food Technology, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain;
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.A.-C.); (S.G.-F.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
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20
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Tang D, Gao Q, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen P, Zhou J, Xu R, Wu Z, Xu Y, Li H. Mg2+ reduces biofilm quantity in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans through inhibiting Type IV pili formation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4835517. [PMID: 29408987 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioleaching is a promising process for 350 million tons of Jinchuan low-grade pentlandite. But high concentration of Mg2+ is harmful to bioleaching microorganisms. Interestingly, biofilm formation can improve leaching rate. Thus, it is actually necessary to investigate the effect of Mg2+ stress on Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans biofilms formation. In this study, we found that 0.1 and 0.5 M Mg2+ stress significantly reduced the total biomass of biofilm in a dose-dependent manner. The observation results of extracellular polymeric substances and bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the biofilm became thinner and looser under Mg2+ stress. Whereas 0.1 and 0.5 M Mg2+ stress had no remarkable effect on the bacterial viability, the attachment rate of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to pentlandite was reduced by Mg2+ stress. Furthermore, sliding motility, twitching motility and the gene expression level of pilV and pilW were inhibited under Mg2+ stress. These results suggested that Mg2+ reduced biofilm formation through inhibiting pilV and pilW gene expression, decreasing Type IV pili formation and then attenuating the ability of attachment, subduing the active expansion of biofilms mediated by twitching motility. This study provided more information about the effect of Mg2+ stress on biofilm formation and may be useful for increasing the leaching rate in low-grade pentlandit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Tang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,The School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, West Anning Road No. 88, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qiyu Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, South Dingxi Road No. 229, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ruixiang Xu
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Yuandong Xu
- Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Institute for Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, PR China
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21
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Verheyen D, Xu XM, Govaert M, Baka M, Skåra T, Van Impe JF. Food Microstructure and Fat Content Affect Growth Morphology, Growth Kinetics, and Preferred Phase for Cell Growth of Listeria monocytogenes in Fish-Based Model Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e00707-19. [PMID: 31175191 PMCID: PMC6677851 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00707-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Food microstructure significantly affects microbial growth dynamics, but knowledge concerning the exact influencing mechanisms at a microscopic scale is limited. The food microstructural influence on Listeria monocytogenes (green fluorescent protein strain) growth at 10°C in fish-based food model systems was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The model systems had different microstructures, i.e., liquid, xanthan (high-viscosity liquid), aqueous gel, and emulsion and gelled emulsion systems varying in fat content. Bacteria grew as single cells, small aggregates, and microcolonies of different sizes (based on colony radii [size I, 1.5 to 5.0 μm; size II, 5.0 to 10.0 μm; size III, 10.0 to 15.0 μm; and size IV, ≥15 μm]). In the liquid, small aggregates and size I microcolonies were predominantly present, while size II and III microcolonies were predominant in the xanthan and aqueous gel. Cells in the emulsions and gelled emulsions grew in the aqueous phase and on the fat-water interface. A microbial adhesion to solvent assay demonstrated limited bacterial nonpolar solvent affinities, implying that this behavior was probably not caused by cell surface hydrophobicity. In systems containing 1 and 5% fat, the largest cell volume was mainly represented by size I and II microcolonies, while at 10 and 20% fat a few size IV microcolonies comprised nearly the total cell volume. Microscopic results (concerning, e.g., growth morphology, microcolony size, intercolony distances, and the preferred phase for growth) were related to previously obtained macroscopic growth dynamics in the model systems for an L. monocytogenes strain cocktail, leading to more substantiated explanations for the influence of food microstructural aspects on lag phase duration and growth rate.IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenes is one of the most hazardous foodborne pathogens due to the high fatality rate of the disease (i.e., listeriosis). In this study, the growth behavior of L. monocytogenes was investigated at a microscopic scale in food model systems that mimic processed fish products (e.g., fish paté and fish soup), and the results were related to macroscopic growth parameters. Many studies have previously focused on the food microstructural influence on microbial growth. The novelty of this work lies in (i) the microscopic investigation of products with a complex composition and/or structure using confocal laser scanning microscopy and (ii) the direct link to the macroscopic level. Growth behavior (i.e., concerning bacterial growth morphology and preferred phase for growth) was more complex than assumed in common macroscopic studies. Consequently, the effectiveness of industrial antimicrobial food preservation technologies (e.g., thermal processing) might be overestimated for certain products, which may have critical food safety implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Verheyen
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiang Ming Xu
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Marlies Govaert
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Baka
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jan F Van Impe
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center of Excellence, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- CPMF, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Gandra TKV, Volcan D, Kroning IS, Marini N, de Oliveira AC, Bastos CP, da Silva WP. Expression levels of the agr locus and prfA gene during biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel and polystyrene during 8 to 48 h of incubation 10 to 37 °C. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 300:1-7. [PMID: 30981136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the gene expression levels of the agr locus and prfA gene during adhesion and biofilm formation by four L. monocytogenes isolates (2 biofilm-forming and 2 non-forming) on stainless steel and polystyrene surfaces at different temperatures (10 °C, 20 °C and 37 °C), and times (8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). The agrA and prfA genes were expressed at higher levels than the agrBCD genes. The levels of agr locus expression were higher in the biofilm-forming strains, and the greatest difference between biofilm-forming and non-forming isolates was observed for the agrB, agrC and agrD genes. However, no difference in the expression of the prfA gene was seen among the isolates, independent of the biofilm-forming ability. Maximum expression of the agr locus and prfA gene was observed at 37 °C, whereas expression was lowest at 10 °C. The agr locus, and particularly the agrB, agrC and agrD genes, is important in the initial adhesion phase of biofilm production by L. monocytogenes, with this expression independent of prfA. In addition, the agr locus and prfA gene expression levels were strongly influenced by time and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Kuka Valente Gandra
- Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Technology and Science Department, Eliseu Maciel Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Darla Volcan
- Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Technology and Science Department, Eliseu Maciel Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabela Schneid Kroning
- Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Technology and Science Department, Eliseu Maciel Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Naciele Marini
- Catarinense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Campus Santa Rosa do Sul, P.O. Box 04, 88965-000, Santa Rosa do Sul, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Costa de Oliveira
- Eliseu Maciel Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peixoto Bastos
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Agroindustrial Technology and Science Department, Eliseu Maciel Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, P.O. Box 354, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Zhao J, Zhai Z, Sun D, Yang C, Zhang X, Huang N, Jiang X, Yang K. Antibacterial durability and biocompatibility of antibacterial-passivated 316L stainless steel in simulated physiological environment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:396-410. [PMID: 30948076 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stainless steel (SS) has been widely applied as one of the most efficient implant metal materials, although corrosion and infection in body environment are still challenging. Herein, an antibacterial passivation method was employed to enhance the antibacterial performance and corrosion resistance of the medical 316L SS. The result proved that the antibacterial-passivated 316L SS exhibited stable antibacterial activity and effectively inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm. Electrochemical measurements combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique were used to study the corrosion resistance and semiconductor behavior of passivated 316L SS immersed in simulated physiological environment. The results indicated that the 316L SS after antibacterial passivation treatment for 1 h, soaking in the medium for 10 days, showed satisfactory corrosion resistance attributing to proper Cu deposition in the passive film. The anodic stripping voltammetry measurement further confirmed that the Cu-bearing passive film could continuously release Cu ions into medium. The zebrafish test demonstrated an excellent in vivo biocompatibility for the 316L SS with antibacterial passivation for 0.5 and 1 h, respectively. In addition, changes of surface roughness, contact angle and chemical composition after antibacterial passivation played an important role in explaining the antibacterial mechanism, which could be clearly divided into contact killing and ionic release killing. Hence, the antibacterial passivation treatment was preliminarily proved as a potential way for enhancing the persistent antibacterial activity and corrosion resistance of 316L SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhai
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing at the Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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24
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Zetzmann M, Bucur FI, Crauwels P, Borda D, Nicolau AI, Grigore-Gurgu L, Seibold GM, Riedel CU. Characterization of the biofilm phenotype of a Listeria monocytogenes mutant deficient in agr peptide sensing. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00826. [PMID: 30843349 PMCID: PMC6741131 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food‐borne human pathogen and a serious concern in food production and preservation. Previous studies have shown that biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes and presence of extracellular DNA (eDNA) in the biofilm matrix varies with environmental conditions and may involve agr peptide sensing. Experiments in normal and diluted (hypoosmotic) complex media at different temperatures revealed reduced biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes EGD‐e ΔagrD, a mutant deficient in agr peptide sensing, specifically in diluted Brain Heart Infusion at 25°C. This defect was not related to reduced sensitivity to DNase treatment suggesting sufficient levels of eDNA. Re‐analysis of a previously published transcriptional profiling indicated that a total of 132 stress‐related genes, that is 78.6% of the SigB‐dependent stress regulon, are differentially expressed in the ΔagrD mutant. Additionally, a number of genes involved in flagellar motility and a large number of other surface proteins including internalins, peptidoglycan binding and cell wall modifying proteins showed agr‐dependent gene expression. However, survival of the ΔagrD mutant in hypoosmotic conditions or following exposure to high hydrostatic pressure was comparable to the wild type. Also, flagellar motility and surface hydrophobicity were not affected. However, the ΔagrD mutant displayed a significantly reduced viability upon challenge with lysozyme. These results suggest that the biofilm phenotype of the ΔagrD mutant is not a consequence of reduced resistance to hypoosmotic or high pressure stress, motility or surface hydrophobicity. Instead, agr peptide sensing seems to be required for proper regulation of biosynthesis, structure and function of the cell envelope, adhesion to the substratum, and/or interaction of bacteria within a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Zetzmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florentina Ionela Bucur
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Peter Crauwels
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Borda
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Anca Ioana Nicolau
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Leontina Grigore-Gurgu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Zhu Z, Wang Z, Li S, Yuan X. Antimicrobial strategies for urinary catheters. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:445-467. [PMID: 30468560 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over 75% of hospital-acquired or nosocomial urinary tract infections are initiated by urinary catheters, which are used during the treatment of 16% of hospitalized patients. Taking the United States as an example, the costs of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are in excess of $451 million dollars/year. The biofilm formation by pathogenic microbes that protects pathogens from host immune defense and antimicrobial agents is the leading cause for CAUTI. Thus, tremendous efforts have been devoted to antimicrobial coating for urinary catheters in the past few decades, and it has been demonstrated to be one of the most direct and efficient strategies to reduce infections. In this article, we briefly summarize the current methods for preparation of antimicrobial coatings based on different stages in the biofilm formation, highlight recent progress in the urinary catheter coating material design and selection, discuss approaches to improving their long-term antimicrobial efficacy, biocompatibility, multidrug resistance and recurrent infections, and finally outline future requirements and prospects in antimicrobial coating material design. The scope of the works surveyed is confined to antimicrobial urinary catheters. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 445-467, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 262700, China
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
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26
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Costello KM, Gutierrez-Merino J, Bussemaker M, Ramaioli M, Baka M, Van Impe JF, Velliou EG. Modelling the microbial dynamics and antimicrobial resistance development of Listeria in viscoelastic food model systems of various structural complexities. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 286:15-30. [PMID: 30031225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Minimal processing for microbial decontamination, such as the use of natural antimicrobials, is gaining interest in the food industry as these methods are generally milder than conventional processing, therefore better maintaining the nutritional content and sensory characteristics of food products. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of (i) structural composition and complexity, (ii) growth location and morphology, and (iii) the natural antimicrobial nisin, on the microbial dynamics of Listeria innocua. More specifically, viscoelastic food model systems of various compositions and internal structure were developed and characterised, i.e. monophasic Xanthan gum-based and biphasic Xanthan gum/Whey protein-based viscoelastic systems. The microbial dynamics of L. innocua at 10 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C were monitored and compared for planktonic growth in liquid, or in/on (immersed or surface colony growth) the developed viscoelastic systems, with or without a sublethal concentration of nisin. Microscopy imaging was used to determine the bacterial colony size and spatial organisation in/on the viscoelastic systems. Selective growth of L. innocua on the protein phase of the developed biphasic system was observed for the first time. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the colony size and distribution in the monophasic Xanthan gum-based systems depending on (i) the type of growth (surface/immersed) and (ii) the Xanthan gum concentration. Furthermore, the system viscosity in monophasic Xanthan gum-based systems had a protective role against the effects of nisin for immersed growth, and a further inhibitory effect for surface growth at a suboptimal temperature (10 °C). These findings give a systematic quantitative insight on the impact of nisin as an environmental challenge on the growth and spatial organisation of L. innocua, in viscoelastic food model systems of various structural compositions/complexities. This study highlights the importance of accounting for system structural composition/complexity when designing minimal food processing methods with natural antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Costello
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | - Madeleine Bussemaker
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Marco Ramaioli
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Maria Baka
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control Laboratory (BioTeC+), KU Leuven, Sustainable Chemical Process Technology, Campuses Ghent & Aalst, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan F Van Impe
- Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control Laboratory (BioTeC+), KU Leuven, Sustainable Chemical Process Technology, Campuses Ghent & Aalst, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK..
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Wang L, Miao Y, Lu M, Shan Z, Lu S, Hou J, Yang Q, Liang X, Zhou T, Curry D, Oakes K, Zhang X. Chloride-accelerated Cu-Fenton chemistry for biofilm removal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5862-5865. [PMID: 28508904 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms present challenges to numerous industries. Herein, a simple approach was developed based on chloride-accelerated Fenton chemistry, where copper oxide nanoparticles facilitate efficient generation of reactive chlorine species for biofilm removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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28
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Feng XC, Guo WQ, Zheng HS, Wu QL, Luo HC, Ren NQ. Effect of metabolic uncoupler, 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS) on Bacillus subtilis: biofilm formation, flocculability and surface characteristics. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16178-16186. [PMID: 35542191 PMCID: PMC9080271 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the inhibitory mechanism of metabolic uncoupler in biofilm, this study investigated the effect of TCS on B. subtilis biofilm formation, flocculability, surface characteristics and thermodynamic properties. An optimal concentration of TCS, a metabolic uncoupler, was observed to substantially inhibit biofilm formation and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The effect of TCS on the zeta potential and flocculability of bacterial suspension implied the addition of 100 μg L−1 TCS increased the net negative charge of cell surface which induced the reduction of B. subtilis flocculability. Meanwhile, the effects of TCS on bacterial surfacial thermodynamic properties were analyzed by the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) and extend DLVO (XDLVO) theories. As DLVO and XDLVO predicted, the primary energy barrier between bacterial cells incubated with 100 μg L−1 TCS were increased compared to that of control, indicating that B. subtilis incubated with 100 μg L−1 TCS must consume more energy to aggregate or form biofilm. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of metabolic uncoupler on biofilm formation through surface characteristics and thermodynamics analysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - He-Shan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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29
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Henriques A, Fraqueza M. Biofilm-forming ability and biocide susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from the ready-to-eat meat-based food products food chain. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Kim BR, Bae YM, Hwang JH, Lee SY. Biofilm formation and cell surface properties of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various sources. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:643-648. [PMID: 30263318 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, colony spreading, and slime production for 112 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various sources (leaf vegetables, pea leaf, perilla leaf, Kim-bab, person, and animal). When biofilm formation was classified by origin, S. aureus isolated from animal origin showed a significantly higher level of biofilm formation than others (p≤0.05). When S. aureus groups with different levels of biofilm formation (very strong, strong, moderate, and weak) were evaluated for the correlation with cell surface properties, there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation and hydrophobicity (r=0.926). Biofilm formation and colony spreading on tryptic soy broth (without dextrose) also showed positive correlation (r=0.863). In contrast, biofilm formation and slime production were negatively correlated (r=-0.973). Based on these results, the biofilm forming ability of S. aureus differs depending on their origin and might be affected by cell surface properties such as cell surface hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
| | - Young-Min Bae
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi, 17546 Korea
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31
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Gowrishankar S, Sivaranjani M, Kamaladevi A, Ravi AV, Balamurugan K, Karutha Pandian S. Cyclic dipeptide cyclo(l-leucyl-l-prolyl) from marineBacillus amyloliquefaciensmitigates biofilm formation and virulence inListeria monocytogenes. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw017. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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32
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Bae YM, Zheng L, Hyun JE, Jung KS, Heu S, Lee SY. Growth Characteristics and Biofilm Formation of Various Spoilage Bacteria Isolated from Fresh Produce. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M2072-80. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Bae
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-ri, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
| | - Ling Zheng
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-ri, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hyun
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-ri, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Seok Jung
- Microbial Safety Div; Dept. of Agro-food Safety; Natl. Academy of Agricultural Science Rural Development Administration; Suwon 441-857 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggi Heu
- Microbial Safety Div; Dept. of Agro-food Safety; Natl. Academy of Agricultural Science Rural Development Administration; Suwon 441-857 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-ri, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
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33
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Capita R, Riesco-Peláez F, Alonso-Hernando A, Alonso-Calleja C. Exposure of Escherichia coli ATCC 12806 to sublethal concentrations of food-grade biocides influences its ability to form biofilm, resistance to antimicrobials, and ultrastructure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:1268-80. [PMID: 24317080 PMCID: PMC3911067 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02283-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli ATCC 12806 was exposed to increasing subinhibitory concentrations of three biocides widely used in food industry facilities: trisodium phosphate (TSP), sodium nitrite (SNI), and sodium hypochlorite (SHY). The cultures exhibited an acquired tolerance to biocides (especially to SNI and SHY) after exposure to such compounds. E. coli produced biofilms (as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy) on polystyrene microtiter plates. Previous adaptation to SNI or SHY enhanced the formation of biofilms (with an increase in biovolume and surface coverage) both in the absence and in the presence (MIC/2) of such compounds. TSP reduced the ability of E. coli to produce biofilms. The concentration of suspended cells in the culture broth in contact with the polystyrene surfaces did not influence the biofilm structure. The increase in cell surface hydrophobicity (assessed by a test of microbial adhesion to solvents) after contact with SNI or SHY appeared to be associated with a strong capacity to form biofilms. Cultures exposed to biocides displayed a stable reduced susceptibility to a range of antibiotics (mainly aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, and quinolones) compared with cultures that were not exposed. SNI caused the greatest increase in resistances (14 antibiotics [48.3% of the total tested]) compared with TSP (1 antibiotic [3.4%]) and SHY (3 antibiotics [10.3%]). Adaptation to SHY involved changes in cell morphology (as observed by scanning electron microscopy) and ultrastructure (as observed by transmission electron microscopy) which allowed this bacterium to persist in the presence of severe SHY challenges. The findings of the present study suggest that the use of biocides at subinhibitory concentrations could represent a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Félix Riesco-Peláez
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Systems Engineering and Automatic Control, University of León, León, Spain
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34
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Valderrama WB, Ostiguy N, Cutter CN. Multivariate analysis reveals differences in biofilm formation capacity among Listeria monocytogenes lineages. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:1199-1209. [PMID: 25397897 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.980818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation capacity evaluated under identical conditions differs among Listeria monocytogenes lineages. The approach of using one set of factors or one variable at a time fails to explain why some lineages are more prevalent than others in certain environments. This study proposes the use of multivariate analysis to compare biofilm formation by various strains and describes the ecological niches of L. monocytogenes lineages. Nutrient availability, temperature, pH and water activity (aw) at three different levels were used to determine biofilm formation by 41 strains. Despite the high degree of similarity (≤ 80%), distinct lineage-associated biofilm formation patterns were identified. A linear regression model for each strain and a principal component analysis of regression coefficients indicated that Lineages I and III have different, but overlapping, ecological niches. This study is the first to report the use of multivariate analyses to compare biofilm formation by various isolates of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladir B Valderrama
- a Department of Food Science , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
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35
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Influence of food processing environments on structure initiation of static biofilm of Listeria monocytogenes. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Hébraud M, Chorianopoulos N, Langsrud S, Møretrø T, Habimana O, Desvaux M, Renier S, Nychas GJ. Attachment and biofilm formation by foodborne bacteria in meat processing environments: causes, implications, role of bacterial interactions and control by alternative novel methods. Meat Sci 2013; 97:298-309. [PMID: 23747091 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of potential spoilage and pathogenic bacteria to food contact surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation represent serious challenges to the meat industry, since these may lead to cross-contamination of the products, resulting in lowered-shelf life and transmission of diseases. In meat processing environments, microorganisms are sometimes associated to surfaces in complex multispecies communities, while bacterial interactions have been shown to play a key role in cell attachment and detachment from biofilms, as well as in the resistance of biofilm community members against antimicrobial treatments. Disinfection of food contact surfaces in such environments is a challenging task, aggravated by the great antimicrobial resistance of biofilm associated bacteria. In recent years, several alternative novel methods, such as essential oils and bacteriophages, have been successfully tested as an alternative means for the disinfection of microbial-contaminated food contact surfaces. In this review, all these aspects of biofilm formation in meat processing environments are discussed from a microbial meat-quality and safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos 81400, Greece.
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima Mat AS, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Veterinary Research Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Aghia Paraskeui15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sandra Renier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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37
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Gomes DLR, Peixoto RS, Barbosa EAB, Napoleão F, Sabbadini PS, Dos Santos KRN, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Hirata R. SubMICs of penicillin and erythromycin enhance biofilm formation and hydrophobicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:754-760. [PMID: 23449875 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.052373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subinhibitory concentrations (subMICs) of antibiotics may alter bacterial surface properties and change microbial physiology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a subMIC (⅛ MIC) of penicillin (PEN) and erythromycin (ERY) on bacterial morphology, haemagglutinating activity, cell-surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation on glass and polystyrene surfaces, as well as the distribution of cell-surface acidic anionic residues of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (HC01 tox(-) strain; CDC-E8392 and 241 tox(+) strains). All micro-organisms tested were susceptible to PEN and ERY. Growth in the presence of PEN induced bacterial filamentation, whereas subMIC of ERY caused cell-size reduction of strains 241 and CDC-E8392. Adherence to human erythrocytes was reduced after growth in the presence of ERY, while CSH was increased by a subMIC of both antibiotics in bacterial adherence to n-hexadecane assays. Conversely, antibiotic inhibition of biofilm formation was not observed. All strains enhanced biofilm formation on glass after treatment with ERY, while only strain 241 increased glass adherence after cultivation in the presence of PEN. Biofilm production on polystyrene surfaces was improved by ⅛ MIC of ERY. After growth in the presence of both antimicrobial agents, strains 241 and CDC-E8392 exhibited anionic surface charges with focal distribution. In conclusion, subMICs of PEN and ERY modified bacterial surface properties and enhanced not only biofilm formation but also cell-surface hydrophobicity. Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation may contribute to the inconsistent success of antimicrobial therapy for C. diphtheriae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L R Gomes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - R S Peixoto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - E A B Barbosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, IFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - F Napoleão
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - P S Sabbadini
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - K R N Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - A L Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - R Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Medical Relevance, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
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MENG L, CAI W, QU H, LIU J, LAN J, LU J, LAN T, LI J. Inhibition of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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39
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Valderrama WB, Cutter CN. An Ecological Perspective ofListeria monocytogenesBiofilms in Food Processing Facilities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:801-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.561378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kuda T, Nakamura S, An C, Takahashi H, Kimura B, Nishizawa M. Effects of holdfast of Laminaria japonica on listeria invasion on enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and NO production of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:928-35. [PMID: 22893519 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) causes food poisoning in humans mainly through consumption of ready-to-eat foods. Immunocompromised persons are at the highest risk for infection. We investigated effects of crude soluble polysaccharides (SPS) and ethanolic extract (EE) fractions of frond (kombu) and holdfast (ganiashi) parts of Laminaria japonica on Lm invasion into human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells and immune and/or inflammatory reactions of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Recovery and viscosity were high in kombu SPS. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity and Fe-reducing power) were higher in ganiashi EE. EE of ganiashi, rather than kombu, suppressed the Lm invasion into the differentiated Caco-2 cells, though the inhibitory effect of SPS was not significant. Ganiashi SPS increased the nitric oxide (NO) production of intact RAW 264.7 cells. On the other hand, the NO production from Escherichia coli O111 lipopolysaccharide-activated cells was suppressed by kombu SPS and ganiashi EE. These results suggest that L. japonica, particularly ganiashi, might suppress the invasion and infection of Lm and also the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuda
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Kuda T, Nakamura S, An C, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Effect of soy and milk protein-related compounds on Listeria monocytogenes infection in human enterocyte Caco-2 cells and A/J mice. Food Chem 2012; 134:1719-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Influence of flow direction and flow rate on the initial adhesion of seven Listeria monocytogenes strains to fine polished stainless steel. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 157:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Chusri S, Phatthalung PN, Voravuthikunchai S. Anti-biofilm activity of Quercus infectoria G. Olivier against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 54:511-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chang Y, Gu W, McLandsborough L. Low concentration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) affects biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes by inhibiting its initial adherence. Food Microbiol 2012; 29:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kuda T, Iwase T, Chaturongkasumrit Y, Takahashi H, Koyanagi T, Kimura B. Resistances to UV-C irradiation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in wet and dried suspensions on surface with egg residues. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nakamura S, Kuda T, An C, Kanno T, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Inhibitory effects of Leuconostoc mesenteroides 1RM3 isolated from narezushi, a fermented fish with rice, on Listeria monocytogenes infection to Caco-2 cells and A/J mice. Anaerobe 2011; 18:19-24. [PMID: 22193553 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis in humans mainly through consumption of ready-to-eat foods. Immunocompromised persons, the elderly, and pregnant women and their fetuses or newborns are at highest risk for the infection. To isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with inhibitory effects against L. monocytogenes, we screened for acid and bile resistant LABs from narezushi, a traditional salted and long-fermented fish with cooked rice. Then, inhibitory effects of the selected LABs on L. monocytogenes invasion and infection of human enterocyte Caco-2 cells and Listeria-susceptible A/J mice were determined. From a total of 231 LAB isolates, we selected five acid and bile resistant isolates (four were Lactobacillus plantarum and one was Leuconostoc mesenteroides). Among the five isolates, Ln. mesenteroides (Lnm-1RM3) showed the highest inhibition against L. monocytogenes invasion into Caco-2 cells. In the case of L. monocytogenes orally infected A/J mice, recovery of the pathogen from the spleen was suppressed by drinking water containing 9 log CFU/ml of Lnm-1RM3 cells. The inhibitory effects were also shown by heat-killed Lnm-1RM3 cells. These results suggest that live and also heat-killed Lnm-1RM3 cell intake might prevent L. monocytogenes entero-gastric invasion and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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Jacquet T, Cailliez-Grimal C, Borges F, Gaiani C, Francius G, Duval J, Waldvogel Y, Revol-Junelles AM. Surface properties of bacteria sensitive and resistant to the class IIa carnobacteriocin Cbn BM1. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 112:372-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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The effect of polyesterurethane belt surface roughness on Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation and its cleaning efficiency. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Identification of genes involved in Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation by mariner-based transposon mutagenesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2051-62. [PMID: 22120623 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous food-borne pathogen, whose distribution and survival in food-processing environments are associated with the ability to form biofilms. The process of biofilm formation is complex and its molecular mechanism is relatively poorly understood in L. monocytogenes. To better understand the genetics of this process, a mariner-based transposon mutagenesis strategy was used to identify genes involved in biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes. A library of 6,500 mutant colonies was screened for reduced biofilm formation using a microtiter plate biofilm assay. Forty biofilm-deficient mutants of L. monocytogenes were identified based on DNA sequences of the transposon-flanking regions and Southern hybridization with a transposon-based probe. The insertions harbored by these mutants led to the identification of 24 distinct loci, 18 of which, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported to function in the biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes. Genetic complementation confirmed the importance of lmo1386, a gene encoding a putative DNA translocase, for biofilm formation. Molecular analyses of mutants indicated that the majority of the 24 identified genes are related to flagella motility, gene regulation, and cell surface structures.
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Szlavik J, Paiva DS, Mørk N, van den Berg F, Verran J, Whitehead K, Knøchel S, Nielsen DS. Initial adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to solid surfaces under liquid flow. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 152:181-8. [PMID: 21968113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Some strains of the food borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes persist in food processing environments. The exact reason behind this phenomenon is not known, but strain differences in the ability to adhere to solid surfaces could offer an explanation. In the present work, initial adhesion of nine strains of L. monocytogenes was investigated under liquid flow at two levels of shear stress on six different surfaces using a flow chamber set-up with microscopy measurements. The surfaces tested were glass and PVC, and glass coated with beef extract, casein, and homogenised and unhomogenised milk. In addition, the effect of prior environmental stress (5% NaCl, low nutrient availability) on initial adhesion was investigated. The hydrophobicity of the investigated surfaces was determined by contact angle measurements and the surface properties of the investigated L. monocytogenes strains were determined using Microbial Adhesion To Solvents (MATS). All surfaces with the exception of PVC were found to be hydrophilic. Strain differences were found to significantly influence the initial adhesion rate (IAR) of all nine strains to all the surfaces (p<0.05) at both low and high shear stress. Furthermore, there was a significant effect of the surfaces tested (p<0.05) in the adhesion ability of almost all strains. The IAR was affected by flow rate (shear stress) as seen by a decrease in adhesion at high shear stress for most strains. A significant effect of interactions between strain-surface and strain-shear stress (p<0.001) was observed but not of interactions between surface-shear stress. No correlation between surface hydrophobicity and IAR was observed. Addition of 5% NaCl during propagation resulted in a decrease in IAR whilst propagation in low nutrient media caused an increase indicating a general change in surface characteristics under these conditions. Known persisting strains did not display general better adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Szlavik
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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