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Zhang H, Zhou H, Guo X, Zhang G, Xiao M, Wu S, Jin C, Yang J, Lu X. Cigarette smoke triggers calcium overload in mouse hippocampal neurons via the ΔFOSB-CACNA2D1 axis to impair cognitive performance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 258:114996. [PMID: 37167740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that cigarette smoking impairs cognitive performance. The 'Calcium Hypothesis' theory of neuronopathies reveals a critical role of aberrant calcium signaling in compromised cognitive functions. However, the underlying implications of abnormalities in calcium signaling in the neurotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke (CS) have not yet been identified. CACNA2D1, an important auxiliary subunit involved in the composition of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), was reported to affect the calcium signaling in neurons by facilitating VGCCs-mediated Ca2+ influx. ΔFOSB, an alternatively-spliced product of the Fosb gene, is an activity-dependent transcription factor induced robustly in the brain in response to environmental stimuli such as CS. Interestingly, our preliminary bioinformatics analysis revealed a significant co-expression between ΔFOSB and CACNA2D1 in brain tissues of patients with neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Therefore, we hypothesized that the activation of the ΔFOSB-CACNA2D1 axis in response to CS exposure might cause dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in hippocampal neurons via VGCCs-mediated Ca2+ influx, thereby contributing to cognitive deficits. To this end, the present study established a CS-induced mouse model of hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment, in which the activation of the ΔFOSB-CACNA2D1 axis accompanied by severe calcium overload was observed in the mouse hippocampal tissues. More importantly, ΔFOSB knockdown-/overexpression-mediated inactivation/activation of the ΔFOSB-CACNA2D1 axis interdicted/mimicked CS-induced dysregulation of calcium homeostasis followed by severe cellular damage in HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons. Mechanistically speaking, a further ChIP-qPCR assay confirmed the physical interaction between transcription factor ΔFOSB and the Cacna2d1 gene promoter, suggesting a direct transcriptional regulation of the Cacna2d1 gene by ΔFOSB. Overall, our current work aims to deliver a unique insight into the neurotoxic mechanisms induced by CS to explore potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhe Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guopei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Hu N, Wang X. The level of homocysteine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:1185-1192. [PMID: 36422727 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences of the level of homocysteine (Hcy) between ALS patients and controls. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, and other databases were searched systematically up to October 2022 for relevant reports about the level of Hcy, folic acid, and vitamin B12 (VB12) among ALS patients. Two reviewers screened and selected the titles and abstracts of the studies independently during the database searches and performed full-text reviews and extracted available data. The MD (mean difference) and 95%CI (credibility interval) of the level of Hcy, folic acid, and VB12 between ALS group and control group were calculated. RESULTS Pooled results of nine studies including 812 ALS patients and 2632 controls showed that the MD in plasma levels of HCY between ALS patients and controls was 1.56 (95%CI: - 0.07, 3.19) μmol/L with remarkable heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). The mean CSF levels of Hcy among ALS patients were significantly higher than that of controls (MD: 0.23, 95%CI: 0.21, 0.24 μmol/L) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). No significant difference in the plasma level of folic acid (MD: - 0.52, 95%CI: - 1.89, 0.84 ng/mL) or VB12 (MD: - 9.76, 95%CI: - 83.41, 63.89) was found between ALS patients and controls. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in the plasma level of Hcy, folic acid, or VB12 between ALS patients and controls. The CSF level of Hcy among ALS population was remarkably higher than that among controls. Vitamin supplements including folate and VB12 might be recommended to ALS patients with the complication of deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xubiao Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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Wang ZH, Qiao S, Wang L, Wang K, Zhang R, Jin Y, Wu HK, Liu X. Plasma lipid profiles and homocysteine levels in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1148450. [PMID: 37122291 PMCID: PMC10133572 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1148450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aimed to investigate whether lipid profiles and homocysteine levels in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis are related to clinical presentation and prognosis, which may contribute to further research on the pathogenesis and treatment of this disease. Methods This study included a total of 43 patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and 43 sex-age-matched healthy controls. Baseline demography, clinical data, patient outcomes, and ancillary examination results were recorded. Patients were followed up every 2-3 months during the first year. The modified Rankin Scale score was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and clinical outcome. Results Among the 43 patients included in this study, 55.81% were male, the mean age of onset was 27 years old, and the median modified Rankin Scale score on admission was 3.0. Apolipoprotein A-1 was significantly lower in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis compared with healthy controls (p = 0.004). Compared with healthy controls, homocysteine (p = 0.002), apolipoprotein B (p = 0.004), Lpa (p = 0.045), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-1 (p = 0.001) were significantly increased in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. According to the modified Rankin Scale scores, 6 months after discharge, 72.09% of patients had a good prognosis and 27.91% had a poor prognosis. In the good prognosis group, age (p = 0.031), lipoprotein a (p = 0.023), apolipoprotein A-1 (p = 0.027) at baseline, and the modified Rankin Scale score on admission (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those in the poor prognosis group. Conclusion This study suggests the possibility that serum lipid profile and homocysteine play an important role in the pathogenesis of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis, providing support for lipid-lowering treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kemo Wang
- Department of Neurology of Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huai-kuan Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuewu Liu
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Sun Y, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Liu H, Chen T, Xiang H, Wang R, Xie Q, Tian J, Zhu J. Andrographolide protects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia via the NRF2 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:326. [PMID: 35850702 PMCID: PMC9290240 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) therapy is an important cell transplantation strategy in the regenerative medicine field. However, a severely ischemic microenvironment, such as nutrient depletion and hypoxia, causes a lower survival rate of transplanted BMSCs, limiting the application of BMSCs. Therefore, improving BMSCs viability in adverse microenvironments is an important means to improve the effectiveness of BMSCs therapy. Objective To illustrate the protective effect of andrographolide (AG) against glucose and serum deprivation under hypoxia (1% O2) (GSDH)-induced cell injury in BMSCs and investigate the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods An in vitro primary rat BMSCs cell injury model was established by GSDH, and cellular viability, proliferation and apoptosis were observed after AG treatment under GSDH. Reactive oxygen species levels and oxidative stress-related genes and proteins were measured by flow cytometry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Mitochondrial morphology, function and number were further assessed by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results AG protected BMSCs against GSDH-induced cell injury, as indicated by increases in cell viability and proliferation and mitochondrial number and decreases in apoptosis and oxidative stress. The metabolic status of BMSCs was changed from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation to increase the ATP supply. We further observed that the NRF2 pathway was activated by AG, and treatment of BMSCs with a specific NRF2 inhibitor (ML385) blocked the protective effect of AG. Conclusion Our results suggest that AG is a promising agent to improve the therapeutic effect of BMSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03016-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Sun
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tangtian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qiumin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Cardiovascular (Internal Medicine), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Lionaki E, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020214. [PMID: 35053330 PMCID: PMC8773781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-391069
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Berling E, Fargeot G, Aure K, Tran TH, Kubis N, Lozeron P, Zanin A. Nitrous oxide-induced predominantly motor neuropathies: a follow-up study. J Neurol 2021; 269:2720-2726. [PMID: 34741241 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recreational nitrous oxide (N2O) abuse is increasingly popular among youth. We report a systematic clinical, electrophysiological and biological follow-up of patients with neuropathy caused by N2O. METHODS We retrospectively report seven patients with neuropathy attributed to N2O abuse and their comprehensive follow-up. Demographic, toxicological, clinical, biological and electrophysiological data were collected at first and second examination. Functional data were collected at the last evaluation. RESULTS Seven patients aged 18-30, consuming more than 140 gas-filled balloons (one balloon is filled with approximately 8 g of N2O) per week for over a month, developed a severe, predominantly motor, length-dependent, progressive neuropathy over 3 to 6 weeks. Two-thirds presented associated signs of myelopathy. Distal lower limbs motor deficit and ataxia led to moderate disability. Spinal cord imaging was frequently normal. Nerve conduction studies disclosed an almost exclusively motor axonal neuropathy affecting the lower limbs with active denervation. Homocysteine plasma level was systematically elevated, whereas cobalamin plasma levels were normal in almost all patients. At short-term follow-up after intoxication discontinuation, ataxia and motor deficit only partially resolved despite vitamin B12 supplementation, while active denervation and homocysteinemia decreased. At last follow-up (median 9.2 months, IQR 7.5-10.75), mean ONLS was 2.0 (IQR 2.0-2.0). DISCUSSION Young patients, with induced N2O motor neuropathy remain disabled after 5 to 14.5 months of gas withdrawal, despite vitamin B12 supplementation. A longer follow-up is needed to fully appraise the severity of these toxic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Berling
- Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Fargeot
- Service de Neurologie, APHP, Hôpital du Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Karine Aure
- Service de Neurophysiologie, Hôpital Foch, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - Tuan Huy Tran
- Service de Neurologie, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Kubis
- Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France.,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Lozeron
- Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France. .,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France.
| | - Adrien Zanin
- Service de Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, DMU DREAM, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France.,Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, INSERM U1148, Université de Paris, 75018, Paris, France
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7
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Shea TB. Improvement of cognitive performance by a nutraceutical formulation: Underlying mechanisms revealed by laboratory studies. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:281-304. [PMID: 34352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, decrease in neuronal function and neuronal loss that accompany normal aging and dementia are the result of multiple mechanisms, many of which involve oxidative stress. Herein, we review these various mechanisms and identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, including modification of diet, that may reduce the risk and progression of cognitive decline. The optimal degree of neuronal protection is derived by combinations of, rather than individual, compounds. Compounds that provide antioxidant protection are particularly effective at delaying or improving cognitive performance in the early stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Laboratory studies confirm alleviation of oxidative damage in brain tissue. Lifestyle modifications show a degree of efficacy and may augment pharmacological approaches. Unfortunately, oxidative damage and resultant accumulation of biomarkers of neuronal damage can precede cognitive decline by years to decades. This underscores the importance of optimization of dietary enrichment, antioxidant supplementation and other lifestyle modifications during aging even for individuals who are cognitively intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
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8
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George AK, Behera J, Homme RP, Tyagi N, Tyagi SC, Singh M. Rebuilding Microbiome for Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury: Importance of Restructuring the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3614-3627. [PMID: 33774742 PMCID: PMC8003896 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a damage to the brain from an external force that results in temporary or permanent impairment in brain functions. Unfortunately, not many treatment options are available to TBI patients. Therefore, knowledge of the complex interplay between gut microbiome (GM) and brain health may shed novel insights as it is a rapidly expanding field of research around the world. Recent studies show that GM plays important roles in shaping neurogenerative processes such as blood-brain-barrier (BBB), myelination, neurogenesis, and microglial maturation. In addition, GM is also known to modulate many aspects of neurological behavior and cognition; however, not much is known about the role of GM in brain injuries. Since GM has been shown to improve cellular and molecular functions via mitigating TBI-induced pathologies such as BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, astroglia activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, herein we discuss how a dysbiotic gut environment, which in fact, contributes to central nervous system (CNS) disorders during brain injury and how to potentially ward off these harmful effects. We further opine that a better understanding of GM-brain (GMB) axis could help assist in designing better treatment and management strategies in future for the patients who are faced with limited options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.
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9
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Hu J, Lesseur C, Miao Y, Manservisi F, Panzacchi S, Mandrioli D, Belpoggi F, Chen J, Petrick L. Low-dose exposure of glyphosate-based herbicides disrupt the urine metabolome and its interaction with gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3265. [PMID: 33547360 PMCID: PMC7864973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) can disrupt the host microbiota and influence human health. In this study, we explored the potential effects of GBHs on urinary metabolites and their interactions with gut microbiome using a rodent model. Glyphosate and Roundup (equal molar for glyphosate) were administered at the USA glyphosate ADI guideline (1.75 mg/kg bw/day) to the dams and their pups. The urine metabolites were profiled using non-targeted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Our results found that overall urine metabolite profiles significantly differed between dams and pups and between female and male pups. Specifically, we identified a significant increase of homocysteine, a known risk factor of cardiovascular disease in both Roundup and glyphosate exposed pups, but in males only. Correlation network analysis between gut microbiome and urine metabolome pointed to Prevotella to be negatively correlated with the level of homocysteine. Our study provides initial evidence that exposures to commonly used GBH, at a currently acceptable human exposure dose, is capable of modifying urine metabolites in both rat adults and pups. The link between Prevotella-homocysteine suggests the potential role of GBHs in modifying the susceptibility of homocysteine, which is a metabolite that has been dysregulated in related diseases like cardiovascular disease or inflammation, through commensal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabiana Manservisi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Panzacchi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center (CMCRC), Ramazzini Institute (RI), Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Övey İS, Nazıroğlu M. Effects of homocysteine and memantine on oxidative stress related TRP cation channels in in-vitro model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:273-283. [DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1806321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İshak Suat Övey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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11
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Liu L, Liang J, Liu Q, Luo C, Liu J, Fan R, Chen Z, Chen Y, Peng F, Jiang Y. Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Levels in Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 31130913 PMCID: PMC6509947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been investigated in many diseases, such as neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. However, changes in Hcy levels in anti-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis have not been investigated thus far. Methods: Case data were collected from 45 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 179 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Clinical characteristics, Hcy levels, C reactive protein (CRP) levels, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters were determined. Association of Hcy and clinical parameters were evaluated in these patients. Among these 45 patients, 15 had a follow-up evaluation at 3 months after treatment. Results: Hcy levels (p < 0.001) and CRP levels (p = 0.005) from the patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were significantly higher than those from HCs. Hcy levels from male patients were significantly lower than those from male HCs (p < 0.001). Comparing anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients after treatment with before treatment, the former has significantly higher Hcy levels (p = 0.004), CRP levels (p = 0.041) and mRS scores (p = 0.002). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation between the changes in Hcy levels and the changes in mRS scores (r = −0.534, p = 0.040) was observed. Conclusion: Elevated plasma homocysteine occurs in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and seems associated with male sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, China
| | - Chongliang Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fuhua Peng
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chandran R, Kumar M, Kesavan L, Jacob RS, Gunasekaran S, Lakshmi S, Sadasivan C, Omkumar R. Cellular calcium signaling in the aging brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 95:95-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Bhattacharjee A, Prasad SK, Banerjee O, Singh S, Banerjee A, Bose A, Pal S, Maji BK, Mukherjee S. Targeting mitochondria with folic acid and vitamin B 12 ameliorates nicotine mediated islet cell dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:988-1000. [PMID: 29972271 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, one of the well-known highly toxic components of cigarette smoke, causes a number of adverse health effects and diseases. Our previous study has shown that nicotine induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in islet cell and disrupts islet cell mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). However, supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 were found effective against nicotine induced changes in pancreatic islet cells. But the toxicological effects and underlying mechanisms of nicotine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is still unknown. In this study, nicotine exposure decreases mitochondrial enzymes (pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, aconitase, malate dehydrogenase) activities by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ level which may contribute to increased mitochondrial ROS production by raising its flow to mitochondria. This in turn produces malondialdehyde and nitric oxide (NO) with a concomitant decrease in the activities of antioxidative enzymes and glutathione levels leading to loss of ΔΨm. Simultaneously, nicotine induces pancreatic islet cell apoptosis by modulating ΔΨm via increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, altered Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-9, PARP expressions which were prevented by the supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 . In conclusion, nicotine alters islet cell mitochondrial redox status, apoptotic machinery, and enzymes to cause disruption in the ΔΨm and supplementation of folic acid and vitamin B12 possibly blunted all these mitochondrial alterations. Therefore, this study may help to determine the pathophysiology of nicotine-mediated islet cell mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Shilpi Kumari Prasad
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Oly Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Siddhartha Singh
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Bose
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Swagata Pal
- Department of Physiology, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, Kotrung, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology, Serampore College, Serampore, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Turns out I have been a major contributor to the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease over its 20-year history. As such, I was invited to provide a review of my work over the years. What follows is a retrospective of how the Alzheimer-related research of a Ph.D. (i.e., not an M.D.) transitioned from basic to clinical, and moved from bench to bedside and back again.I have included some of the more humorous and poignant twists along the way that some older players may find familiar and I hope might inspire some younger players to hang in there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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15
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Partearroyo T, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Ruiz E, Olza J, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, González-Gross M, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G. Dietary sources and intakes of folates and vitamin B12 in the Spanish population: Findings from the ANIBES study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189230. [PMID: 29244867 PMCID: PMC5731688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folates and vitamin B12 are key nutrients in one-carbon metabolism and related diseases. Updated and plausible information on population intakes and their major dietary sources is scarce and urgently needed in Spain in order to increase the knowledge that can lead as previous step to prevention by fortification and supplementation policies. Aims The present study aims to evaluate main dietary folate and vitamin B12 sources and intakes in the Spanish population. Materials and methods Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2,009). Results Food groups with the highest mean proportional contribution to total folate intakes in both males and females were vegetables (21.7–24.9%) and cereals (10.7–11.2%), while meat and meat products (26.4%) and milk and dairy products (27.3%) were for B12. Total median folate and B12 intakes amongst women were 156.3 μg/d and 4.0 μg/d while for men were 163.6 μg/d and 4.5 μg/d, respectively. In all age groups, vitamin intakes were significantly higher in plausible than in non-plausible energy reporters. Conclusion A limited number of participants had adequate folate intakes, whereas vitamin B12 intakes were adequate for practically the entire population. There is a clear need for improving folates intake in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Partearroyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emma Ruiz
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josune Olza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II and Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Robinson N, Grabowski P, Rehman I. Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: Is there a role for folate? Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 174:86-94. [PMID: 29037490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, have been implicated in a wide range of diseases including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. The role of dietary folate in providing methyl groups required for maintenance and modulation of DNA methylation makes it a nutrient of interest in Alzheimer's. Late onset Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and at present its aetiology is largely undetermined. From epidemiological studies, the interactions between folate, B-vitamins and homocysteine as well as the long latency period has led to difficulties in interpretation of the data, thus current evidence exploring the role of dietary folate in Alzheimer's is contradictory and unresolved. Therefore, examining the effects at a molecular level and exploring potential epigenetic mechanisms could increase our understanding of the disease and aetiology. The aim of this review is to examine the role that folate could play in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and will focus on the effects of folate on DNA methylation which link to disease pathology, initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Robinson
- Institute of Health & Society, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Grabowski
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ishtiaq Rehman
- Academic Urology Unit, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Sogut I, Uysal O, Oglakci A, Yucel F, Kartkaya K, Kanbak G. Prenatal alcohol-induced neuroapoptosis in rat brain cerebral cortex: protective effect of folic acid and betaine. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:407-417. [PMID: 28062893 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol consumption in pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in the infant. This study aims to investigate prenatal alcohol exposure related neuroapoptosis on the cerebral cortex tissues of newborn rats and possible neuroprotective effects of betaine, folic acid, and combined therapy. METHODS Pregnant rats were divided into five experimental groups: control, ethanol, ethanol + betaine, ethanol + folic acid, and ethanol + betaine + folic acid combined therapy groups. We measured cytochrome c release, caspase-3, calpain and cathepsin B and L. enzyme activities. In order to observe apoptotic cells in the early stages, TUNEL method was chosen together with histologic methods such as assessing the diameters of the apoptotic cells, their distribution in unit volume and volume proportion of cortical intact neuron nuclei. RESULTS Calpain, caspase-3 activities, and cytochrome c levels were significantly increased in alcohol group while cathepsin B and L. activities were also found to be elevated albeit not statistically significant. These increases were significantly reversed by folic acid and betaine + folic acid treatments. While ethanol increased the number of apoptotic cells, this increase was prevented in ethanol + betaine and ethanol + betaine + folic acid groups. Morphometric examination showed that the mean diameter of apoptotic cells was increased with ethanol administration while this increase was reduced by betaine and betaine + folic acid treatments. CONCLUSION We observed that ethanol is capable of triggering apoptotic cell death in the newborn rat brains. Furthermore, folic acid, betaine, and combined therapy of these supplements may reduce neuroapoptosis related to prenatal alcohol consumption, and might be effective on preventing fetal alcohol syndrome in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sogut
- Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Bilim University, Yazarlar Sok. No:17, 34394, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Onur Uysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Oglakci
- Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Yucel
- Medical School, Department of Anatomy, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kazim Kartkaya
- Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Medical School, Department of Biochemistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey
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18
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Paul R, Borah A. L-DOPA-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson's disease: Elephant in the room. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1989-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Erol K, Yiğitaslan S, Ünel Ç, Kaygısız B, Yıldırım E. Evaluation of Cisplatin Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia via Cytosolic Calcium Accumulation. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:144-51. [PMID: 27403382 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.161110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium homeostasis is considered to be important in antineoplastic as well as in neurotoxic adverse effects of cisplatin. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the role of Ca(2+) in cisplatin neurotoxicity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells. STUDY DESIGN Cell culture study. METHODS DRG cells prepared from 1-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the role of Ca(2+) in the cisplatin (10-600 μM) neurotoxicity. The cells were incubated with cisplatin plus nimodipine (1-3 μM), dizocilpine (MK-801) (1-3 μM) or thapsigargin (100-300 nM). Toxicity of cisplatinon DRG cells was determined by the MTT assay. RESULTS The neurotoxicity of cisplatin was significant when used in high concentrations (100-600 μM). Nimodipine (1 μM) but not MK-801 or thapsigargin prevented the neurotoxic effects of 200 μM of cisplatin. CONCLUSION Voltage-dependent calcium channels may play a role in cisplatin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Erol
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Semra Yiğitaslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Ünel
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Kaygısız
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Engin Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Hsu HC, Chang WM, Wu JY, Huang CC, Lu FJ, Chuang YW, Chang PJ, Chen KH, Hong CZ, Yeh RH, Liu TZ, Chen CH. Folate Deficiency Triggered Apoptosis of Synoviocytes: Role of Overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species Generated via NADPH Oxidase/Mitochondrial Complex II and Calcium Perturbation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146440. [PMID: 26771387 PMCID: PMC4714898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a plethora of literature has documented that osteoarthritis (OA) is veritably associated with oxidative stress-mediated chondrocyte death and matrix degradation, yet the possible involvement of synoviocyte abnormality as causative factor of OA has not been thoroughly investigated. For this reason, we conduct the current studies to insight into how synoviocytes could respond to an episode of folate-deprived (FD) condition. First, when HIG-82 synoviocytes were cultivated under FD condition, a time-dependent growth impediment was observed and the demise of these cells was demonstrated to be apoptotic in nature mediated through FD-evoked overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and drastically released of cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentrations. Next, we uncovered that FD-evoked ROS overproduction could only be strongly suppressed by either mitochondrial complex II inhibitors (TTFA and carboxin) or NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitors (AEBSF and apocynin), but not by mitochondrial complex I inhibitor (rotenone) and mitochondrial complex III inhibitor (antimycin A). Interestingly, this selective inhibition of FD-evoked ROS by mitochondrial complex II and NOX inhibitors was found to correlate excellently with the suppression of cytosolic Ca2+ release and reduced the magnitude of the apoptotic TUNEL-positive cells. Taken together, we present the first evidence here that FD-triggered ROS overproduction in synoviocytes is originated from mitochondrial complex II and NOX. Both elevated ROS in tandem with cytosolic Ca2+ overload serve as final arbitrators for apoptotic lethality of synoviocytes cultivated under FD condition. Thus, folate supplementation may be beneficial to patients with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center of Advanced Integrative Sports Medicine, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, Collage of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chin Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, Collage of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Jou Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chuang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hua Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Zern Hong
- Department of Physical therapy, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rang-Hui Yeh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Zon Liu
- Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TZL); (CHC)
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, Collage of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TZL); (CHC)
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Longoni A, Kolling J, dos Santos TM, dos Santos JP, da Silva JS, Pettenuzzo L, Gonçalves CA, de Assis AM, Quincozes-Santos A, Wyse ATS. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 exerts neuroprotective effects in an ex vivo model of mild hyperhomocysteinemia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 48:71-9. [PMID: 26658316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been detected in patients with various neurodegenerative conditions. Studies of brain tissue have revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia may impair energy metabolism, resulting in neuronal damage. In addition, new evidence has indicated that vitamin D plays crucial roles in brain development, brain metabolism and neuroprotection. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 1,25-dihydroxivitamin D3 (calcitriol) in cerebral cortex slices that were incubated with a mild concentration of Hcy. Cerebral cortex slices from adult rats were first pre-treated for 30 min with one of three different concentrations of calcitriol (50 nM, 100 nM and 250 nM), followed by Hcy for 1h to promote cellular dysfunction. Hcy caused changes in bioenergetics parameters (e.g., respiratory chain enzymes) and mitochondrial functions by inducing changes in mitochondrial mass and swelling. Here, we used flow cytometry to analyze neurons that were double-labelled with Propidium Iodide (PI) and found that Hcy induced an increase in NeuN(+)/PI cells but did not affect GFAP(+)/Pi cells. Hcy also induced oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation and protein damage and reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT and GPx). Calcitriol (50 nM) prevented these alterations by increasing the level of the vitamin D receptor. Our findings suggest that using calcitriol may be a therapeutic strategy for treating the cerebral complications caused by Hcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Longoni
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Janaina Kolling
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Tiago M dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - João Paulo dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Jussemara Souza da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pettenuzzo
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Adriano M de Assis
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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Deáková Z, Ďuračková Z, Armstrong DW, Lehotay J. Two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography for determination of homocysteine, methionine and cysteine enantiomers in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:118-24. [PMID: 26169904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional HPLC system with electrochemical detection was used for determination of homocysteine, methionine and cysteine enantiomers in biological samples. The amino acid separations were not possible only by using a chiral column. The compounds were separated from each other on an achiral column (Purospher RP-18 endcapped 250-4mm, 5μm) and their enantiomers were separated on Chirobiotic TAG (250-4.6mm, 5μm) column in an on-line system. The mobile phase composition and a choice of electrode potentials for detection were investigated. The l-enantiomers always eluted before the d-enantiomers. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of human serum of healthy volunteers and patients with multiple sclerosis. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were defined as the concentration that produced a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3 and 10. The method LOD values were found to be between 0.05 and 0.50μgmL(-1). The range of LOQ values were between 0.17 and 1.67μgmL(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Deáková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdeňka Ďuračková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jozef Lehotay
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Hirako A, Sun J, Furukawa S, Takeuchi T, Sugiyama A. Effect of methotrexate on rostral migratory stream in newborn rats. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1565-71. [PMID: 26136044 PMCID: PMC4710711 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-day-old rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of methotrexate (MTX) 5 mg/kg
and 150 mg/kg, and their rostral migratory streams (RMS) were examined time-dependently.
MTX treatment increased pyknotic and TUNEL-positive cells and decreased mitotic and
phospho-Histone H3-positive cells at almost all time points in the vertical arm, elbow and
horizontal arm regions of the RMS. There were more TUNEL-positive cells ratio in the MTX
150 mg/kg group than in the MTX 5 mg/kg group. Treatment with MTX 150 mg/kg decreased the
cellularity in the vertical arm region on Postnatal day (PD) 4, but that with the MTX 5
mg/kg did not. TUNEL-positive cells ratio was the highest in the vertical arm region,
followed by elbow and horizontal regions in both MTX-treated groups. TUNEL-positive cells
ratio in the vertical arm and elbow regions reached their peaks on PD 4 in both
MTX-treated groups, and both MTX-treatments significantly decreased Phospho-Histone
H3-positive cells ratio on PDs 2.5 and 3 in the vertical arm, elbow and horizontal arm
regions. The phospho-Histone H3-positive cells ratio in the vertical arm region recovered
on PD4 in the MTX 150 mg/kg group. These findings suggested that RMS required a great
amount of folic acid on PD 2 and that the folic acid-requirement differed depending on the
anatomical region of the RMS. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the
effect of MTX on the RMS and the necessity of the folic acid metabolism on RMS development
in newborn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Hirako
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Minami 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Jadavji NM, Deng L, Malysheva O, Caudill MA, Rozen R. MTHFR deficiency or reduced intake of folate or choline in pregnant mice results in impaired short-term memory and increased apoptosis in the hippocampus of wild-type offspring. Neuroscience 2015; 300:1-9. [PMID: 25956258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic or nutritional disturbances in one-carbon metabolism, with associated hyperhomocysteinemia, can result in complex disorders including pregnancy complications and neuropsychiatric diseases. In earlier work, we showed that mice with a complete deficiency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a critical enzyme in folate and homocysteine metabolism, had cognitive impairment with disturbances in choline metabolism. Maternal demands for folate and choline are increased during pregnancy and deficiencies of these nutrients result in several negative outcomes including increased resorption and delayed development. The goal of this study was to investigate the behavioral and neurobiological impact of a maternal genetic deficiency in MTHFR or maternal nutritional deficiency of folate or choline during pregnancy on 3-week-old Mthfr(+/+) offspring. Mthfr(+/+) and Mthfr(+/-) females were placed on control diets (CD); and Mthfr(+/+) females were placed on folate-deficient diets (FD) or choline-deficient diets (ChDD) throughout pregnancy and lactation until their offspring were 3weeks of age. Short-term memory was assessed in offspring, and hippocampal tissue was evaluated for morphological changes, apoptosis, proliferation and choline metabolism. Maternal MTHFR deficiency resulted in short-term memory impairment in offspring. These dams had elevated levels of plasma homocysteine when compared with wild-type dams. There were no differences in plasma homocysteine in offspring. Increased apoptosis and proliferation was observed in the hippocampus of offspring from Mthfr(+/-) mothers. In the maternal FD and ChDD study, offspring also showed short-term memory impairment with increased apoptosis in the hippocampus; increased neurogenesis was observed in ChDD offspring. Choline acetyltransferase protein was increased in the offspring hippocampus of both dietary groups and betaine was decreased in the hippocampus of FD offspring. Our results reveal short-term memory deficits in the offspring of dams with MTHFR deficiency or dietary deficiencies of critical methyl donors. We suggest that deficiencies in maternal one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy can contribute to hippocampal dysfunction in offspring through apoptosis or altered choline metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Jadavji
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
| | - L Deng
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
| | - O Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
| | - M A Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
| | - R Rozen
- Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
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25
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Övey İS, Naziroğlu M. Homocysteine and cytosolic GSH depletion induce apoptosis and oxidative toxicity through cytosolic calcium overload in the hippocampus of aged mice: involvement of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. Neuroscience 2014; 284:225-233. [PMID: 25305668 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and apoptosis were induced in neuronal cultures by inhibition of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis with d,l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO). Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channels are gated by oxidative stress. The oxidant effects of homocysteine (Hcy) may induce activation of TRPV1 and TRPM2 channels in aged mice as a model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We tested the effects of Hcy, BSO and GSH on oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ and influx via TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels in the hippocampus of mice. Native mice hippocampal neurons were divided into five groups as follows; control, Hcy, BSO, Hcy+BSO and Hcy+BSO+GSH groups. The neurons in TRPM2 and TRPV1 experiments were stimulated by hydrogen peroxide and capsaicin, respectively. BSO and Hcy incubations increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, and levels of caspase 3 and 9. All of these increases were reduced by GSH treatments. Treatment with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA) as potent inhibitors of TRPM2, capsazepine as a potent inhibitor of TRPV1, verapamil+diltiazem (V+D) as inhibitors of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) and MK-801 as a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) channel antagonist indicated that GSH depletion and Hcy elevation activated Ca2+ entry into the neurons through TRPM2, TRPV1, VGCC and NMDA channels. Inhibitor roles of 2-APB and capsazepine on the Ca2+ entry higher than in V+D and MK-801 antagonists. In conclusion, these findings support the idea that GSH depletion and Hcy elevation can have damaging effects on hippocampal neurons by perturbing calcium homeostasis, mainly through TRPM2 and TRPV1 channels. GSH treatment can partially reverse these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- İ S Övey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Suleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Naziroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Suleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey; Neuroscience Research Center, University of Suleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey.
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Ghazizadeh V, Nazıroğlu M. Electromagnetic radiation (Wi-Fi) and epilepsy induce calcium entry and apoptosis through activation of TRPV1 channel in hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion of rats. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:787-99. [PMID: 24792079 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incidence rates of epilepsy and use of Wi-Fi worldwide have been increasing. TRPV1 is a Ca(2+) permeable and non-selective channel, gated by noxious heat, oxidative stress and capsaicin (CAP). The hyperthermia and oxidant effects of Wi-Fi may induce apoptosis and Ca(2+) entry through activation of TRPV1 channel in epilepsy. Therefore, we tested the effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) exposure on Ca(2+) influx, oxidative stress and apoptosis through TRPV1 channel in the murine dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hippocampus of pentylentetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic rats. Rats in the present study were divided into two groups as controls and PTZ. The PTZ groups were divided into two subgroups namely PTZ + Wi-Fi and PTZ + Wi-Fi + capsazepine (CPZ). The hippocampal and DRG neurons were freshly isolated from the rats. The DRG and hippocampus in PTZ + Wi-Fi and PTZ + Wi-Fi + CPZ groups were exposed to Wi-Fi for 1 hour before CAP stimulation. The cytosolic free Ca(2+), reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, caspase-3 and -9 values in hippocampus were higher in the PTZ group than in the control although cell viability values decreased. The Wi-Fi exposure induced additional effects on the cytosolic Ca(2+) increase. However, pretreatment of the neurons with CPZ, results in a protection against epilepsy-induced Ca(2+) influx, apoptosis and oxidative damages. In results of whole cell patch-clamp experiments, treatment of DRG with Ca(2+) channel antagonists [thapsigargin, verapamil + diltiazem, 2-APB, MK-801] indicated that Wi-Fi exposure induced Ca(2+) influx via the TRPV1 channels. In conclusion, epilepsy and Wi-Fi in our experimental model is involved in Ca(2+) influx and oxidative stress-induced hippocampal and DRG death through activation of TRPV1 channels, and negative modulation of this channel activity by CPZ pretreatment may account for the neuroprotective activity against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghazizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, University of Suleyman Demirel, 32260, Isparta, Isparta, Turkey
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27
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Rozycka A, Jagodzinski PP, Kozubski W, Lianeri M, Dorszewska J. Homocysteine Level and Mechanisms of Injury in Parkinson's Disease as Related to MTHFR, MTR, and MTHFD1 Genes Polymorphisms and L-Dopa Treatment. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:534-42. [PMID: 24532985 PMCID: PMC3924248 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210210559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is considered to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Homocysteine (Hcy) levels are influenced by folate concentrations and numerous genetic factors through the folate cycle, however, their role in the pathogenesis of PD remains controversial. Hcy exerts a neurotoxic action and may participate in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, calcium accumulation, and apoptosis. Elevated Hcy levels can lead to prooxidative activity, most probably through direct interaction with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and sensitization of dopaminergic neurons to age-related dysfunction and death. Several studies have shown that higher concentration of Hcy in PD is related to long-term administration of levodopa (L-dopa). An elevation of plasma tHcy levels can also reflect deficiencies of cofactors in remethylation of Hcy to methionine (Met) (folates and vitamin B12) and in its transsulfuration to cysteine (Cys) (vitamin B6). It is believed that the increase in the concentration of Hcy in PD can affect genetic polymorphisms of the folate metabolic pathway genes, such as MTHFR (C677T, A1298C and G1793A), MTR (A2756G), and MTHFD1 (G1958A), whose frequencies tend to increase in PD patients, as well as the reduced concentration of B vitamins. In PD, increased levels of Hcy may lead to dementia, depression and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Rozycka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel P Jagodzinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St, 60-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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28
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Chen CS, Tseng YT, Hsu YY, Lo YC. Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant defense and cell survival signaling are upregulated by 17β-estradiol in homocysteine-treated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroendocrinology 2013; 97:232-41. [PMID: 22948038 DOI: 10.1159/000342692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A recent neuroimaging study discovered the neurotoxicity effects of homocysteine (Hcy), which is only seen in elderly women. Estrogens exert a variety of actions on brain function that influence cognitive function, mood, and neuroprotection. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant defense pathway has been well-known to afford neuroprotection. Here, we first demonstrate the roles of Nrf2-Keap1 in 17β-estradiol (E2) cytoprotection and Hcy toxicity and the protective mechanisms of E2 on Hcy cytotoxicity in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS Cell viability was determined by trypan blue method. Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In Hcy-treated SH-SY5Y cells, E2 increased cell viability, attenuated ROS production, activated Akt signaling and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a kinase known to participate in neurodegeneration. Moreover, E2 treatment led to Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1, the main negative regulator of Nrf2 activity in the cytoplasm, and increased the protein level of Nrf2 in the nucleus, with a significant increase in HO-1 expression and SOD activity in Hcy-treated cells. E2-induced Nrf2 activation was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780. Further, E2 decreased Hcy-induced apoptotic death by upregulating the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, decreasing cytochrome c release from mitochondria, and attenuating apoptotic cascade activation (Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3). CONCLUSION E2 activates cell survival signaling and Nrf2-Keap1 antioxidant defense pathway and attenuates Hcy cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Shin JY, Ahn YH, Paik MJ, Park HJ, Sohn YH, Lee PH. Elevated homocysteine by levodopa is detrimental to neurogenesis in parkinsonian model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50496. [PMID: 23209759 PMCID: PMC3509089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of neurogenesis that acts as an endogenous repair mechanism would have a significant impact on future therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies demonstrated dopaminergic modulation of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain. Levodopa, the gold standard therapy for PD, causes an increase in homocysteine levels that induces neuronal death via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The present study investigated whether elevated homocysteine by levodopa treatment in a parkinsonian model would modulate neurogenesis via NMDA receptor signal cascade and compared the effect of levodopa and pramipexol (PPX) on neurogenic activity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Neurogenesis was assessed in vitro using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) isolated from the SVZ and in vivo with the BrdU-injected animal model of PD using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Modulation of homocysteine levels was evaluated using co-cultures of NPCs and astrocytes and PD animals. Immunochemical and Western blot analyses were used to measure neurogenesis and determine the cell death signaling. Levodopa treatment increased release of homocysteine on astrocytes culture media as well as in plasma and brain of PD animals. Increased homocysteine by levodopa led to increased apoptosis of NPCs through the NMDA receptor-dependent the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. The administration of a NMDA antagonist significantly attenuated apoptotic cell death in levodopa-treated NPCs and markedly increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ of levodopa-treated PD animals. Comparative analysis revealed that PPX treatment significantly increased the number of NPCs and BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ of PD animals compared to levodopa treatment. Our present study demonstrated that increased homocysteine by levodopa has a detrimental effect on neurogenesis through NMDA receptor-mediated ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Modulation of levodopa-induced elevated homocysteine by NMDA antagonist or dopamine agonist has a clinical relevance for PD treatment in terms of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Shin
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Man-Jeong Paik
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young H. Sohn
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Dietary folic acid intake differentially affects methionine metabolism markers and hippocampus morphology in aged rats. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1157-67. [PMID: 22832899 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Folic acid (FA) is an emerging nutritional factor in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative disorders by still unknown mechanisms. The hippocampus is altered during the loss of cognitive abilities in humans and selectively affected when homocysteine increases. The aim was to evaluate the potential protective role of folic acid in the maintenance of biochemical markers related to the methionine cycle, as well as the integrity of the hippocampus as part of the brain in aged rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (18 months old) were assigned to four different folic acid groups (0 mg FA/kg diet, deficient; 2 mg FA/kg diet, control; 8 mg FA/kg diet, moderate supplementation; 40 mg FA/kg diet, extra supplementation) for 30 days. We evaluated several parameters related to the methionine cycle. In addition, hippocampus areas were immunostained for specific neuronal markers and astrocytes. RESULTS Serum folate levels increased according to FA dietary level (p < 0.01). There was a significant increase in the serum homocysteine concentrations in the folic acid-deficient diet group (p < 0.01). However, brain S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine did not differ significantly between the folic acid groups. Consequently, the methylation ratio was also unchanged. The morphometric analysis did not show any differences in the number of neurons and astrocytes between groups, except when comparing the folic acid-deficient diet versus folic acid-supplemented diet in the striatum of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Clearly, the dietary FA deficiency negatively affects the methionine metabolism biomarkers, while excessive supplementation seems to be unnecessary for optimal maintenance of the methylation cycle and hippocampus integrity.
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Smach MA, Naffeti S, Charfeddine B, Ben Abdallah J, Othmen LB, Letaef A, Limem K. [Homocysteine, vitamin B-12, folic acid and the cognitive decline in the elderly]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 61:184-92. [PMID: 22647793 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for neurological diseases, but the underlying pathophysiology has not been adequately explained. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, which is sometimes associated with a low plasma level of vitamin B9, B12 and folic acid, is responsible in the toxicity in neural cell by activating NMDA receptor. Indeed, even if vitamin supplementation has clearly proven its efficiency on lowering plasma levels of homocysteine, recent studies do not show any positive effect of vitamin therapy on cognitive function. The hypothesis that this therapy is inefficient has been recently reinforced by two randomized trials on the effects of vitamin supplementation. Several hypotheses still need to be explored: Mechanisms of homocysteine toxicity and that of total uselessness of vitamin supplementation; the possible need to complete the actual data with further, more powerful studies in order to prove the role of homocysteine in the development of neurodegenerative diseases and a clinical effect of vitamin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Smach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, 4002 Sousse, Tunisie.
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32
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Zoccolella S, Tortorella C, Iaffaldano P, Direnzo V, D'Onghia M, Paolicelli D, Livrea P, Trojano M. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients with multiple sclerosis are associated with male gender. J Neurol 2012; 259:2105-10. [PMID: 22421956 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels exert several neurotoxic actions and vascular dysfunctions that may be involved in pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The effective role of Hcy in MS however remains to be determined. The aim of this work was to compare plasma Hcy levels in MS patients and neurological disease controls (NDC) and to evaluate their relationships with clinical and demographic variables. In this cross-sectional study, we examined plasma Hcy levels in 217 patients with MS [53 clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of MS, 134 relapsing remitting (RR), 23 secondary progressive (SP) and seven primary progressive (PP) MS], recruited among patients attending a tertiary clinical center in southern Italy and in 219 age/sex-matched controls. Median Hcy levels were slightly higher in MS patients compared to NDC (9.1 μmol/l; range, 3.4-35.9 vs. 8.6, range 3.5-27.4; p = 0.02). Median Hcy concentrations were increased in males more than in females in the MS population (10.4 vs. 8.4; p < 0.0001), whereas no differences across genders were found in NDC (9.1 vs. 8.5). Hcy levels were higher in male MS patients compared to the male NDC patients (p = 0.001). Patients with CIS had lower Hcy (7.5 μmol/l; p = 0.004) compared to patients with RR (9.5 μmol/l), SP (10.1 μmol/l) and PP (9.9 μmol/l). Median Hcy concentration was higher in patients with disease duration longer than 22 months (9.7 vs. 8.6 μmol/l; p = 0.02). Plasma Hcy levels are increased in patients with definite MS. Higher Hcy levels are associated with male sex, suggesting a role of Hcy in neurodegenerative processes of MS, which are prominent in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zoccolella
- Department of Neurosciences and Organs of Senses, University of Bari, Ospedale Policlinico, P.zza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Budni J, Romero A, Molz S, Martín-de-Saavedra M, Egea J, Del Barrio L, Tasca C, Rodrigues A, López M. Neurotoxicity induced by dexamethasone in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line can be prevented by folic acid. Neuroscience 2011; 190:346-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hemendinger RA, Armstrong EJ, Brooks BR. Methyl Vitamin B12 but not methylfolate rescues a motor neuron-like cell line from homocysteine-mediated cell death. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 251:217-25. [PMID: 21237187 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine is an excitatory amino acid implicated in multiple diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Information on the toxicity of homocysteine in motor neurons is limited and few studies have examined how this toxicity can be modulated. In NSC-34D cells (a hybrid cell line derived from motor neuron-neuroblastoma), homocysteine induces apoptotic cell death in the millimolar range with a TC₅₀ (toxic concentration at which 50% of maximal cell death is achieved) of 2.2 mM, confirmed by activation of caspase 3/7. Induction of apoptosis was independent of short-term reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methyl Vitamin B12 (MeCbl) and methyl tetrahydrofolate (MTHF), used clinically to treat elevated homocysteine levels, were tested for their ability to reverse homocysteine-mediated motor neuron cell death. MeCbl in the micromolar range was able to provide neuroprotection (2 h pretreatment prior to homocysteine) and neurorescue (simultaneous exposure with homocysteine) against millimolar homocysteine with an IC₅₀ (concentration at which 50% of maximal cell death is inhibited) of 0.6 μM and 0.4 μM, respectively. In contrast, MTHF (up to 10 μM) had no effect on homocysteine-mediated cell death. MeCbl inhibited caspase 3/7 activation by homocysteine in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas MTHF had no effect. We conclude that MeCbl is effective against homocysteine-induced cell death in motor neurons in a ROS-independent manner, via a reduction in caspase activation and apoptosis. MeCbl decreases Hcy induced motor neuron death in vitro in a hybrid cell line derived from motor neuron-neuroblastoma and may play a role in the treatment of late stage ALS where HCy levels are increased in animal models of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richelle A Hemendinger
- Motor Neuron Cell Biology Group, Department of Neurology, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
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35
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Homocysteine promotes proliferation and activation of microglia. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 31:2069-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Fong CS, Shyu HY, Shieh JC, Fu YP, Chin TY, Wang HW, Cheng CW. Association of MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR polymorphisms with Parkinson's disease among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 412:332-8. [PMID: 21070756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influence of folate/homocysteine conversion is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, association of the folate metabolic pathway gene polymorphisms with PD susceptibility remains unclear. METHODS To test this possibility in PD, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study constituting 211 patients and 218 age- and sex-matched controls of ethnic Chinese in Taiwan. Genotyping assay was performed to screen for polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T), methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR A2756G), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR A1049G and C1783T) genes and assess the association between these genotype polymorphisms and PD risk using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of these four non-synonymous polymorphisms, the MTRR 1049GG variant was significantly associated with PD susceptibility (OR=3.17, 95%CI=1.08-9.35). Furthermore, we stratified our patients based on the MTHFR 677TT genotype in different strata, a significant association between the joint effect of polymorphisms and PD risk was observed in those patients whose genotypes were MTRR A1049G/MTR A2756G or MTRR C1783T/MTR A2756G (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings provide support for the synergistic effects of polymorphisms in the folate metabolic pathway genes in PD susceptibility; the increased PD risk would be more significant in carriers with the polymorphisms of MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shih Fong
- Department of Neurology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Sinha M, Saha A, Basu S, Pal K, Chakrabarti S. Aging and antioxidants modulate rat brain levels of homocysteine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S): Implications in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2010; 483:123-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Zoccolella S, Bendotti C, Beghi E, Logroscino G. Homocysteine levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A possible link. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:140-7. [DOI: 10.3109/17482960902919360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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One-carbon metabolism and schizophrenia: current challenges and future directions. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:562-70. [PMID: 19896901 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disease generally considered to result from a combination of heritable and environmental factors. Although its pathophysiology has not been fully determined, biological studies support the involvement of several possible components including altered DNA methylation, abnormal glutamatergic transmission, altered mitochondrial function, folate deficiency and high maternal homocysteine levels. Although these factors have been explored separately, they all involve one-carbon (C1) metabolism. Furthermore, C1 metabolism is well positioned to integrate gene-environment interactions by influencing epigenetic regulation. Here, we discuss the potential roles of C1 metabolism in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Understanding the contribution of these mechanisms could yield new therapeutic approaches aiming to counteract disease onset or progression.
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Neuroprotective effects of genistein and folic acid on apoptosis of rat cultured cortical neurons induced by β-amyloid 31-35. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:655-62. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509243042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genistein and folic acid have been reported respectively to protect against the development of cognitive dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanism(s) for this protection remain unknown. In this report, the mechanism(s) contributing to the neuroprotective effects of genistein and folic acid were explored using rat cortical neuron cultures. We found that genistein and folic acid, both separately and collaboratively, increased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential in β-amyloid (Aβ) 31-35-treated neurons. Furthermore, reduced percentage of comet cells and shortened tail length were observed in the neurons treated with genistein or folic acid. A more significant reduction in tail length of the comet neurons was observed in the co-administered neurons. RT-PCR analysis of the cultured cortical neurons showed down-regulated expression of p53, bax and caspase-3, but up-regulated expression of bcl-2 in the three neuroprotective treatment groups compared with neurons from the Aβ31-35 solo-treated group. In a nuclear dyeing experiment using Hoechst 33342, we found that both genistein and folic acid prevent neuronal apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of genistein and folic acid singly or in combination observed in cultured cortical neuron studies might be related to their anti-apoptotic properties.
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41
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Zhang XM, Huang GW, Tian ZH, Ren DL, X Wilson J. Folate deficiency induces neural stem cell apoptosis by increasing homocysteine in vitro. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 45:14-9. [PMID: 19590702 PMCID: PMC2704322 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.08-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular events for neural progenitor cells, such as proliferation and differentiation, are regulated by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic cell signals. Folate plays a central role in central nervous system development, so folate, as an extrinsic signal, may affect neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of folate deficiency on the cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and homocysteine concentrations in NSCs. NSCs were isolated from fetal rats and identified as NSCs by their expression of immunoreactive nestin. Cell proliferation was quantitated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptotic cells were detected and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. We measured homocysteine concentrations in NSCs by high performance liquid chromatography and detected the expression of caspase-3 by western blot method. Folate deficiency not only decreased cell proliferation, but also increased the apoptotic rate of NSCs as demonstrated by the increased expression of early apoptotic markers such as caspase-3, compared to control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, There was a statistically significant increase in homocysteine concentration during folate deficiency in NSCs (p<0.05). These data suggest that folate affects the cell proliferation, apoptosis and homocysteine generation in NSC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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42
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Folate deficiency induces in vitro and mouse brain region-specific downregulation of leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 and protein phosphatase 2A B(alpha) subunit expression that correlate with enhanced tau phosphorylation. J Neurosci 2008; 28:11477-87. [PMID: 18987184 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2816-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered folate homeostasis is associated with many clinical and pathological manifestations in the CNS. Notably, folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism is essential for methyltransferase-dependent cellular methylation reactions. Biogenesis of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzyme containing the regulatory B(alpha) subunit, a major brain tau phosphatase, is controlled by methylation. Here, we show that folate deprivation in neuroblastoma cells induces downregulation of PP2A leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 (LCMT-1) expression, resulting in progressive accumulation of newly synthesized demethylated PP2A pools, concomitant loss of B(alpha), and ultimately cell death. These effects are further accentuated by overexpression of PP2A methylesterase (PME-1) but cannot be rescued by PME-1 knockdown. Overexpression of either LCMT-1 or B(alpha) is sufficient to protect cells against the accumulation of demethylated PP2A, increased tau phosphorylation, and cell death induced by folate starvation. Conversely, knockdown of either protein accelerates folate deficiency-evoked cell toxicity. Significantly, mice maintained for 2 months on low-folate or folate-deficient diets have brain-region-specific alterations in metabolites of the methylation pathway. Those are associated with downregulation of LCMT-1, methylated PP2A, and B(alpha) expression and enhanced tau phosphorylation in susceptible brain regions. Our studies provide novel mechanistic insights into the regulation of PP2A methylation and tau. They establish LCMT-1- and B(alpha)-containing PP2A holoenzymes as key mediators of the role of folate in the brain. Our results suggest that counteracting the neuronal loss of LCMT-1 and B(alpha) could be beneficial for all tauopathies and folate-dependent disorders of the CNS.
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Heidenreich DJ, Reedy MV, Brauer PR. Homocysteine enhances cardiac neural crest cell attachment in vitro by increasing intracellular calcium levels. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:2117-28. [PMID: 18651663 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcys) increases the risk of neurocristopathies. Previous studies show Hcys inhibits neural crest (NC) cell migration in vivo. However, the mechanisms responsible for this effect are unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of Hcys on NC cell attachment in vitro and determined if any of the effects were due to altered Ca2+ signaling. We found Hcys enhanced NC cell attachment in a dose and substrate-dependent manner. Ionomycin mimicked the effect of Hcys while BAPTA-AM and 2-APB blocked the effect of Hcys on NC attachment. In contrast, inhibitors of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels had no effect on NC attachment. Hcys also increased the emission of the intracellular Ca2+-sensitive probe, Fluo-4. These results show Hcys alters NC attachment by triggering an increase in intracellular Ca2+ possibly by generating inositol triphosphate. Hence, the teratogenic effect ascribed to Hcys may be due to perturbation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Heidenreich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
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44
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Williams HM, Lippok H, Doherty G. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite signalling triggers homocysteine-mediated apoptosis in trigeminal sensory neurons in vitro. Neurosci Res 2008; 60:380-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Dubey M, Shea TB. Potentiation of arsenic neurotoxicity by folate deprivation: protective role of S-adenosyl methionine. Nutr Neurosci 2008; 10:199-204. [PMID: 18284027 DOI: 10.1080/10284150701562703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Folate deficiency contributes to a variety of age-related neurological and psychological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The environmental neurotoxin arsenic has recently been linked with decreased neurofilament (NF) content in peripheral nerve. We examined herein, whether or not folate deprivation potentiated the impact of arsenic on NF dynamics. Arsenic inhibited translocation of NFs into axonal neurites in culture and increased perikaryal NF phosphoepitopes. Folate deprivation potentiated the impact of arsenic on these phenomena. Supplementation with S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) attenuated the impact of folate deprivation on arsenic neurotoxicity, consistent with the decrease in SAM following folate deprivation and the requirement for SAM-mediated methylation for arsenic bioelimination. These findings demonstrate how key nutritional deficiencies can potentiate the impact of enrivonmental neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Dubey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cellular Neurobiology and Neurodegeneration Research, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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46
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Oldreive CE, Doherty GH. Neurotoxic effects of homocysteine on cerebellar Purkinje neurons in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2007; 413:52-7. [PMID: 17157438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Whilst a plethora of studies that describe the toxicity of homocysteine to CNS neurons have been published, the effects of homocysteine on the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum that play a vital role in motor function remain wholly unexplored. We have therefore established cultures of embryonic cerebellar Purkinje neurons and exposed them to a range of concentrations of homocysteine and determined its effects on their survival. The experiments revealed that all concentrations of homocysteine studied, from 50 to 500microM, caused a significant decrease in cerebellar Purkinje neuron number. This loss could be counteracted by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk in the first 24h following homocysteine exposure, revealing that the initial loss was apoptotic. However, z-VAD-fmk could not prevent homocysteine-mediated loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in the longer term, after 6 days in vitro. In addition to its effects on Purkinje neuron survival, homocysteine markedly reduced both the overall magnitude and the complexity of the neurite arbor extended by the cerebellar Purkinje neurons, following 6 days incubation with this agent in vitro. Taken together our data reveal that homocysteine is toxic to cerebellar Purkinje neurons in vitro, inhibiting both their survival and the outgrowth of neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri E Oldreive
- School of Biology, Bute Building, West Burn Lane, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, United Kingdom
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47
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Wang C, Zhang D, Li G, Liu J, Tian J, Fu F, Liu K. Neuroprotective effects of safflor yellow B on brain ischemic injury. Exp Brain Res 2006; 177:533-9. [PMID: 17006684 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate whether safflor yellow B (SYB) had a protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury and to determine the possible mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used to make the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The behavioral test was used to measure neurological deficit scores for evaluation of the ischemic damage of brain. The infarction area of brain was assessed in brain slices stained with 2% solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of the brain. Furthermore, the respiratory control ratio (RCR = state 3/state 4) was assessed in the brain mitochondria. In vitro, the effect of SYB was tested in cultured fetal cortical cells exposed to glutamate to identify its neuroprotection against neurons damage. The results in vivo showed that SYB at doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mg kg(-1) markedly decreased the neurological deficit scores and the infarction area in MCAO rats. At the same time, SYB significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism, decreased MDA content, and increased SOD and GPx activities in ischemic brain. The results in vitro showed that SYB remarkably inhibited neuron damage induced by glutamate in cultured fetal cortical cells. These suggest that SYB might act as a potential neuroprotective agent against the cerebral ischemia-induced injury in rat brain through reducing lipid peroxides, scavenging free radicals, and improving the energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
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48
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Obeid R, Herrmann W. Mechanisms of homocysteine neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to dementia. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2994-3005. [PMID: 16697371 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mild to moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Human studies suggest that homocysteine (Hcy) plays a role in brain damage, cognitive and memory decline. Numerous studies in recent years investigated the role of Hcy as a cause of brain damage. Hcy itself or folate and vitamin B12 deficiency can cause disturbed methylation and/or redox potentials, thus promoting calcium influx, amyloid and tau protein accumulation, apoptosis, and neuronal death. The Hcy effect may also be mediated by activating the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype. Numerous neurotoxic effects of Hcy can be blocked by folate, glutamate receptor antagonists, or various antioxidants. This review describes the most important mechanisms of Hcy neurotoxicity and pharmacological agents known to reverse Hcy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Saarland, Kirrberger Strasse, Gebäude 57, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Chandra G, Gangopadhyay PK, Senthil Kumar KS, Mohanakumar KP. Acute intranigral homocysteine administration produces stereotypic behavioral changes and striatal dopamine depletion in Sprague–Dawley rats. Brain Res 2006; 1075:81-92. [PMID: 16487496 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine has been considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and patients with hyperhomocystinemia exhibit neurological and psychological abnormalities. Elevated level of this molecule in the blood of Parkinson's disease patients receiving long-term l-DOPA therapy prompted us to investigate whether homocysteine is neurotoxic to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals infused unilaterally with different doses of homocysteine (0.25-1 micromol in 1 microl) intranigrally exhibited significant and dose-dependent decrease in dopamine levels in the ipsilateral striatum as assayed employing an HPLC coupled with electrochemical detector, 19 days post-infusion. While 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid level in the striatum showed a dose-dependent decrease, homovanillic acid was found to be inhibited only for the highest dose. Amphetamine administration in these animals on the 14th day caused stereotypic turning behavior ipsilateral to the side of infusion. Apomorphine challenge on the 16th day elicited stereotypic contralateral circling behavior. Neurotransmitter levels in the serotonergic perikarya or terminals were unaltered 19 days following intraraphe infusion of homocysteine, which suggested the specificity of its action to dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate nigrostriatal lesions similar to that observed following intranigral infusion of the dopaminergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine and suggest its closeness to the parkinsonian animal model. Furthermore, these findings provide evidence for the neurotoxic nature of homocysteine to dopaminergic neurons and suggest that elevated level of this molecule in parkinsonian patients may be conducive to accelerate the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chandra
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Neurosciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Zoccolella S, Lamberti P, Iliceto G, Dell'Aquila C, Diroma C, Fraddosio A, Lamberti SV, Armenise E, Defazio G, de Mari M, Livrea P. Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in L-dopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients with dyskinesias. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44:863-6. [PMID: 16776634 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2006.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:863–6.
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