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Mannino F, Imbesi C, Irrera N, Pallio G, Squadrito F, Bitto A. Insights into the antiosteoporotic mechanism of the soy-derived isoflavone genistein: Modulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Biofactors 2024; 50:347-359. [PMID: 37767998 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a process that involves osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and different intracellular signaling, such as the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Dysregulations of this pathway may also occur during secondary osteoporosis, as in the case of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), which accelerates osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis by reducing bone formation, osteoblast differentiation and function, accelerates in turn osteoblast, and osteocyte apoptosis. Genistein is a soy-derived nutrient belonging to the class of isoflavones that reduces bone loss in osteopenic menopausal women, inhibiting bone resorption; however, genistein may also favor bone formation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether estrogen receptor stimulation by genistein might promote osteoblast and osteocyte function during glucocorticoid challenge. Primary osteoblasts, collected from C57BL6/J mice, and MLO-A5 osteocyte cell line were used to reproduce an in vitro model of GIO by adding dexamethasone (1 μM) for 24 h. Cells were then treated with genistein for 24 h and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and western blot were performed to study whether genistein activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Dexamethasone challenge reduced bone formation in primary osteoblasts and bone mineralization in osteocytes; moreover, canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was reduced following incubation with dexamethasone in both osteoblasts and osteocytes. Genistein reverted these changes and this effect was mediated by both estrogen receptors α and β. These data suggest that genistein could induce bone remodeling through Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Imbesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Zhang YY, Xie N, Sun XD, Nice EC, Liou YC, Huang C, Zhu H, Shen Z. Insights and implications of sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38368422 PMCID: PMC10874461 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, has led to a high risk of fatal osteoporotic fractures worldwide. Accumulating evidence has revealed that sexual dimorphism is a notable feature of osteoporosis, with sex-specific differences in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Specifically, females are more susceptible than males to osteoporosis, while males are more prone to disability or death from the disease. To date, sex chromosome abnormalities and steroid hormones have been proven to contribute greatly to sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis by regulating the functions of bone cells. Understanding the sex-specific differences in osteoporosis and its related complications is essential for improving treatment strategies tailored to women and men. This literature review focuses on the mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in osteoporosis, mainly in a population of aging patients, chronic glucocorticoid administration, and diabetes. Moreover, we highlight the implications of sexual dimorphism for developing therapeutics and preventive strategies and screening approaches tailored to women and men. Additionally, the challenges in translating bench research to bedside treatments and future directions to overcome these obstacles will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Xie
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Yih-Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Canhua Huang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Department of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, 315040, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Squadrito F, Imbalzano E, Rottura M, Arcoraci V, Pallio G, Catalano A, Atteritano M, Irrera N, Mannino F, Squadrito G, Vaccaro M, Irrera P, Pirrotta I, Bitto A. Effects of genistein aglycone in glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis: A randomized clinical trial in comparison with alendronate. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114821. [PMID: 37167726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) complicates the clinical management of patients subjected to long-term glucocorticoid use. This study explored the effects of genistein on bone loss in a randomized double-blind alendronate-controlled trial in postmenopausal women with GIO. 200 postmenopausal women (taking at least 5 mg of prednisone equivalents) since 3 months, or more, and expected to continue for at least other 12 months, were randomized to receive genistein (54 mg/day daily) or alendronate (70 mg once a week) for 24 months. Both groups received also Calcium and Vitamin D3 supplementation. Median bone mineral density (BMD) at the antero-posterior lumbar spine significantly increased from 0.75 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.77 g/cm2 at 1 year and 0.79 g/cm2 at 2 years in alendronate-treated patients and from 0.77 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.79 g/cm2 at 12 months and to 0.80 g/cm2 at 24 months in genistein recipients. No difference was observed between the two treatments. Median BMD at the femoral neck increased from 0.67 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.68 g/cm2 at 1 year and 0.69 g/cm2 at 2 years in alendronate-treated patients and from 0.68 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.70 g/cm2 at 12 months and to 0.71 g/cm2 at 24 months in genistein recipients. No difference was observed between alendronate and genistein groups in BMD. Regarding bone markers genistein and alendronate statistically decreased c-terminal telopeptide, while osteocalcin, bone-ALP, and sclerostin showed greater changes in genistein treated patients. This randomized clinical trial suggests that genistein aglycone represents an additional therapeutic option for patients with GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Rottura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Catalano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Atteritano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Pierangela Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Igor Pirrotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Bone-targeting delivery of platelet lysate exosomes ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by enhancing bone-vessel coupling. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:220. [PMID: 36310171 PMCID: PMC9620632 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) overuse is associated with decreased bone mass and osseous vasculature destruction, leading to severe osteoporosis. Platelet lysates (PL) as a pool of growth factors (GFs) were widely used in local bone repair by its potent pro-regeneration and pro-angiogenesis. However, it is still seldom applied for treating systemic osteopathia due to the lack of a suitable delivery strategy. The non-targeted distribution of GFs might cause tumorigenesis in other organs. RESULTS In this study, PL-derived exosomes (PL-exo) were isolated to enrich the platelet-derived GFs, followed by conjugating with alendronate (ALN) grafted PEGylated phospholipid (DSPE-PEG-ALN) to establish a bone-targeting PL-exo (PL-exo-ALN). The in vitro hydroxyapatite binding affinity and in vivo bone targeting aggregation of PL-exo were significantly enhanced after ALN modification. Besides directly modulating the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), respectively, PL-exo-ALN also facilitate their coupling under GCs' stimulation. Additionally, intravenous injection of PL-exo-ALN could successfully rescue GCs induced osteoporosis (GIOP) in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PL-exo-ALN may be utilized as a novel nanoplatform for precise infusion of GFs to bone sites and exerts promising therapeutic potential for GIOP.
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Mannino F, D’Angelo T, Pallio G, Ieni A, Pirrotta I, Giorgi DA, Scarfone A, Mazziotti S, Booz C, Bitto A, Squadrito F, Irrera N. The Nutraceutical Genistein-Lycopene Combination Improves Bone Damage Induced by Glucocorticoids by Stimulating the Osteoblast Formation Process. Nutrients 2022; 14:4296. [PMID: 36296984 PMCID: PMC9612338 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is the most common cause of iatrogenic osteoporosis and represents an important risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fractures. New therapeutic approaches are required in order to treat osteoporosis and reduce the side effects related to the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs. In this context, previous studies reported the efficacy of some isoflavones and carotenoids, such as lycopene and genistein, on the reduction of the risk of fracture related to osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined oral treatment, consisting of genistein and lycopene, in an experimental model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO). GIO was induced by subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone (MP, 30 mg/kg) for 60 days, whereas the control group (Sham) received saline solution only. Following induction, MP animals randomly were assigned to receive alendronate, genistein, lycopene, or the association of genistein and lycopene or saline solution for additional 60 days together with MP. Femurs obtained from the Sham group were used for osteoblasts extraction; they were then incubated with dexamethasone (DEX) for 24 h to be then treated with lycopene or genistein or the association of lycopene and genistein for an additional 24 h. Treatments with lycopene and genistein restored the impaired mineralization of cells observed following DEX treatment and stimulated osteoblast differentiation by increasing the depressed expression of bALP and RUNX2 (p < 0.0001). Wnt5a, β-catenin, and Nrf-2 expression were significantly increased following genistein and lycopene treatment (p < 0.0001), thus confirming their antioxidant activity as well as their ability in stimulating osteoblast function, mostly when genistein and lycopene were used in association. The combined treatment of genistein and lycopene improved the bone damage induced by glucocorticoids and significantly restored the normal architecture of bones as well as adequate interconnectivity of bone trabeculae, thus increasing bone mineral density parameters. The obtained data demonstrated that genistein and lycopene but in particular their association might prevent GC’s adverse effects, thus stimulating bone formation and reducing bone resorption, improving bone structure and microarchitecture, through different molecular pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin and the Nrf-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Tommaso D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Igor Pirrotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Antonio Giorgi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarfone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvio Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Christian Booz
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Wu Z, Liu L. The protective activity of genistein against bone and cartilage diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1016981. [PMID: 36160403 PMCID: PMC9492956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1016981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a natural isoflavone rich in soybean and leguminous plants, has been shown various biological effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, and bone/cartilage protection. Due to the structural similarity to estrogen, genistein exhibits estrogen-like activity in protecting against osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Furthermore, genistein has been considered as an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, which has been found to be dysregulated in the pathological development of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Many signaling pathways, such as MAPK, NF-κB, and NRF2/HO-1, are involved in the regulatory activity of genistein in protecting against bone and cartilage diseases. The potential molecular mechanisms of genistein in therapeutic management of bone and cartilage diseases have been investigated, but remain to be fully understood. In this article, we mainly discuss the current knowledge of genistein in protecting against bone and cartilage diseases, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyu Wu,
| | - Luying Liu
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Liu P, Gao Y, Luo P, Yu H, Guo S, Liu F, Gao J, Xu J, Wang S, Zhang C. Glucocorticoid-induced expansion of classical monocytes contributes to bone loss. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:765-776. [PMID: 35672449 PMCID: PMC9256622 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical monocytes are commonly involved in the innate inflammatory response and are the progenitors of osteoclasts. Excess endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) can increase the levels of classical monocytes in blood and bone marrow. The role of this cell population in high-dose exogenous GC-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) remains to be elucidated. In this study, GIOP was established in rats and mice by daily methylprednisolone injection, and monocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that classical monocytes accumulate in bone marrow during GIOP. Similarly, the monocyte proportion among bone marrow nucleated cells was also increased in patients with steroid treatment history. We sorted classical monocytes and analyzed their transcriptional profile in response to GCs by RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that classical monocytes isolated from GC-treated rats exhibited osteoclast differentiation potential. Deletion of classical monocytes by clodronate liposome treatment prevented GIOP via inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and restoration of CD31HiendomucinHi vessels. Regarding the molecular mechanism, classical monocytes express high levels of glucocorticoid receptors. In vitro treatment with GCs increased both the percentage and absolute number of monocytes and promoted their proliferation. In summary, classical monocytes mediated GC-induced bone loss and are a potential target for therapeutic intervention in GIOP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengbo Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyun Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Shengdian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200233, Shanghai, China.
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Cheng X, Xu P. The articular cartilage preservative effects of genistein in an experimental model of knees osteoarthritis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1331-1336. [PMID: 33989507 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the preservative effects of genistein on articular cartilage in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were assigned to 3 equal groups: sham group, osteoarthritis control group (OAG), and genistein-treated osteoarthritis group (GTG). Intra-articular injections of monosodium iodoacetate were used for osteoarthritis induction. After 2 weeks of rest for the induction of the inflammatory process, genistein (30 mg/kg/day) vs. saline gavage was administered for 8 weeks. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-13, Sox5/Sox6, Indian hedgehog (IHH), and Col2 were evaluated in medial femoral condyle sections by immunohistochemical staining. The number of chondrocytes and cartilage thicknesses were also measured and compared among the groups. No significant change in cartilage thickness was observed in GTG compared with OAG (p = 0.188). Chondrocyte count was significantly higher in the articular cartilage of GTG compared with OAG (p = 0.006). Induction of osteoarthritis significantly increased the expression of MMP-8, MMP-13, and IHH, but decreased Col2, Sox5, and Sox6 expression (p < 0.001); these were partially prevented in the GTG. Our findings support the effectiveness of genistein treatment in the prevention of articular cartilage damage in the experimental model of knee osteoarthritis. The proposed mechanism of action is through the suppression of the MMP, IHH, and Col2 pathways, besides the induction of Sox5 and Sox6 expression. Novelty: Genistein prevents articular cartilage damage in the experimental model of knee osteoarthritis. The osteoprotective effect is manifested by the modulation of expression of MMP, Sox, IHH, and Col2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Peilian Xu
- Department One of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, China
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Alveolar socket healing in 5-lipoxygenase knockout aged female mice treated or not with high dose of zoledronic acid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19535. [PMID: 34599216 PMCID: PMC8486749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role 5-lypoxigenase (5-LO) on alveolar socket healing in aged female mice treated with zoledronic acid (ZL). Forty 129/Sv female mice (64–68 weeks old), 20 wild type (WT) and 20 5-LO knockout (5LOKO) were equally distributed according to ZL treatment: WT Control, WT ZL, 5LOKO Control, and 5LOKO ZL. ZL groups were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 250 µg/Kg of ZL, while controls were treated with saline. Treatments were administered once a week, starting four weeks before surgery for tooth extraction and until 7 and 21 days post-surgery. Mice were euthanized for a comprehensive microscopic analysis (microCT, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry). WT ZL mice presented intense inflammatory infiltrate (7 days), delayed bone formation (21 days), reduced collagenous matrix quality, and a deficiency in Runx-2 + , TRAP + , and macrophages as compared to controls. 5LOKO ZL animals presented decreased number of Runx-2 + cells in comparison to 5LOKO Control at 7 days, but no major changes in bone healing as compared to WT or 5LOKO mice at 21 days. The knockout of 5LO favored intramembranous bone healing in aged female mice, with a direct impact on inflammatory response and bone metabolism on the development of ONJ-like lesions.
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10
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Kaneko K, Chen H, Kaufman M, Sverdlov I, Stein EM, Park‐Min K. Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e526. [PMID: 34709753 PMCID: PMC8506634 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis (ON) is a complex and multifactorial complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ON is a devastating condition that causes severe pain and compromises the quality of life. The prevalence of ON in SLE patients is variable, ranging from 1.7% to 52%. However, the pathophysiology and risk factors for ON in patients with SLE have not yet been fully determined. Several mechanisms for SLE patients' propensity to develop ON have been proposed. Glucocorticoid is a widely used therapeutic option for SLE patients and high-dose glucocorticoid therapy in SLE patients is strongly associated with the development of ON. Although the hips and knees are the most commonly affected areas, it may be present at multiple anatomical locations. Clinically, ON often remains undetected until patients feel discomfort and pain at specific sites at which point the process of bone death is already advanced. However, strategies for prevention and options for treatment are limited. Here, we review the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for glucocorticoid-induced ON, with a specific focus on patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichi Kaneko
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew York10021USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew York10021USA
- Department of OrthopedicsBeijing Friendship HospitalBeijing100050China
| | - Matthew Kaufman
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew York10021USA
- Case Western Reserve School of MedicineClevelandOhio44106USA
| | - Isaak Sverdlov
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew York10021USA
- Tuoro College of Osteopathic Medicine‐New York CampusNew YorkNew York10027USA
| | - Emily M. Stein
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kyung‐Hyun Park‐Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research CenterHospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNew York10021USA
- Department of MedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- BCMB allied programWeill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNew York10021USA
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11
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Rodríguez V, Rivoira M, Picotto G, de Barboza GD, Collin A, de Talamoni NT. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by flavonoids with potential use for osteoporosis prevention or therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2913-2936. [PMID: 34547992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210921143644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide. Flavonoids have the potential to alleviate bone alterations in osteoporotic patients with the advantage of being safer and less expensive than the conventional therapies. OBJECTIVE The main objective is to analyze the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone by different subclasses of flavonoids. In addition, this review provides an up-to-date overview on the cellular and molecular aspects of osteoporotic bones versus healthy bones, and a brief description of some epidemiological studies indicating that flavonoids could be useful for osteoporosis treatment. METHODS The PubMed database was searched in the range of years 2001- 2021 using the keywords osteoporosis, flavonoids, and their subclasses such as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, flavanones and anthocyanins, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone. RESULTS Although flavonoids comprise many compounds that differ in structure, their effects on bone loss in postmenopausal women or in ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic animals are quite similar. Most of them increase bone mineral density and bone strength, which occur through enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast apoptosis, decrease in osteoclastogenesis as well as increase in neovascularization on the site of the osteoporotic fracture. CONCLUSION Several molecules of signaling pathways are involved in the effect of flavonoids on osteoporotic bone. Whether all flavonoids have a common mechanism or they act as ligands of estrogen receptors remain to be established. More clinical trials are necessary to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans, as well as comparative studies with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - María Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Picotto
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Alejandro Collin
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
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12
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Zhu Y, Zheng F, Xiao C, Liu X, Yao X, Zeng W. Synthesis and Bio-evaluation of 2-Alkyl Substituted Fluorinated Genistein Analogues Against Breast Cancer. Med Chem 2021; 18:589-601. [PMID: 34463229 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210830114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. The current methods of chemotherapy for breast cancer generally have strong adverse reactions and drug resistance. Therefore, the discovery of novel anti-breast cancer lead compounds is urgently needed. OBJECTIVE Design and synthesize a series of 2-alkyl substituted fluorinated genistein analogues and evaluate their anti-breast cancer activity. METHODS Target compounds were obtained in a multistep reaction synthesis. The anti-tumor activity of compounds I-1~I-35 were evaluated with MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and MCF-10A cell lines in vitro, with tamoxifen as the positive control. Molecular docking was used to study the interaction between the synthesized compounds and PI3K-gamma. RESULTS A series of 2-alkyl substituted fluorinated genistein analogues were designed, synthesized and screened for their bioactivity. Most of the compounds displayed better selectivity toward breast cancer cell lines as compared with tamoxifen. Among these analogues, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-9, I-15 and I-17 have the strongest selective inhibition of breast cancer cells. Compounds I-10, I-13, I-15, I-17 and I-33 were found to have significant inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells. Molecular docking studies have shown that these compounds may act as PI3Kγ inhibitors and may further exhibit anti-breast cancer effects. CONCLUSION Most of the newly synthesized compounds could highly selectively inhibit breast cancer cell lines. The experimental results indicate that the synthesized analogs may also have obvious selective inhibitory effects on other malignant proliferation cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Xiao
- Group of Lead Compound, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaohe Liu
- Group of Lead Compound, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Group of Lead Compound, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Kaikhosravi F, Daryanoosh F, Koushkie Jahromi M, Nemati J. The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training with Genistein on Biomechanical Properties of Femur Bone in Elderly Female Rats. JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jorjanibiomedj.8.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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14
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Hu C, Wong WT, Wu R, Lai WF. Biochemistry and use of soybean isoflavones in functional food development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2098-2112. [PMID: 31272191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1630598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans and their food products exist in the market in various forms, ranging from crude oils and bean meals to nutritious products (e.g. soy milk powers). With the availability of technologies for mass production of soy products and for enrichment of soy components (e.g. phospholipids, saponins, isoflavones, oligosaccharides and edible fiber), the nutritional values of soy products have been enhanced remarkably, offering the potential for functional food development. Among different bioactive components in soybeans, one important component is isoflavones, which have been widely exploited for health implications. While there are studies supporting the health benefits of isoflavones, concerns on adverse effects have been raised in the literature. The objective of this article is to review the recent understanding of the biological activities, adverse effects, and use of isoflavones in functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshen Hu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedical and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Runyu Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
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15
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Adhikary S, Choudhary D, Ahmad N, Karvande A, Kumar A, Banala VT, Mishra PR, Trivedi R. Dietary flavonoid kaempferol inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival. Nutrition 2018; 53:64-76. [PMID: 29655780 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kaempferol, a dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, has been reported to reverse osteopenic condition in ovariectomized rats. Because kaempferol is endowed with osteogenic activity, the aim of this study was to determine whether it has a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss. METHODS Adult female rats were divided into four groups as control (vehicle; distilled water), methylprednisolone (MP; 5 mg•kg•d, subcutaneously), MP + kaempferol (5 mg•kg•d, oral), and MP + human parathyroid 1-34 (30 µg/kg, 5 times/wk, subcutaneously) and treated for 4 wk. To study the antagonizing effect of kaempferol on GC-induced inhibition of fracture healing, drill-hole injury was performed on control and GC-treated rats. An oral dose of kaempferol was given for 14 d to observe the effect on callus formation at the site of injury. After treatment, bones were collected for further analysis. RESULTS GC was associated with a decreased bone mineral density and impaired bone microarchitecture parameters. Consumption of kaempferol induced bone-sparing effects in GC-induced osteopenic condition. Additionally, improved callus formation at site of drill injury in femur diaphysis was observed with kaempferol consumption in animals on GC. Consistent with the in vivo data, kaempferol elicited a higher expression of osteogenic markers in vitro and antagonized the apoptotic effect of dexamethasone on calvarial osteoblasts. CONCLUSION These results suggested that kaempferol reduced GC-induced bone loss and enhanced bone regeneration at fractured site, thus emphasizing the positive role of flavonoids on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulekha Adhikary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatesh Teja Banala
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Wood CL, Soucek O, Wong SC, Zaman F, Farquharson C, Savendahl L, Ahmed SF. Animal models to explore the effects of glucocorticoids on skeletal growth and structure. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:R69-R91. [PMID: 29051192 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective for the treatment of many chronic conditions, but their use is associated with frequent and wide-ranging adverse effects including osteoporosis and growth retardation. The mechanisms that underlie the undesirable effects of GCs on skeletal development are unclear, and there is no proven effective treatment to combat them. An in vivo model that investigates the development and progression of GC-induced changes in bone is, therefore, important and a well-characterized pre-clinical model is vital for the evaluation of new interventions. Currently, there is no established animal model to investigate GC effects on skeletal development and there are pros and cons to consider with the different protocols used to induce osteoporosis and growth retardation. This review will summarize the literature and highlight the models and techniques employed in experimental studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Wood
- Division of Developmental BiologyRoslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ondrej Soucek
- Department of Paediatrics2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sze C Wong
- Developmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Farasat Zaman
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colin Farquharson
- Division of Developmental BiologyRoslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars Savendahl
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Endocrinology Research GroupSchool of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Pizzino G, Irrera N, Galfo F, Oteri G, Atteritano M, Pallio G, Mannino F, D'Amore A, Pellegrino E, Aliquò F, Anastasi GP, Cutroneo G, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A. Adenosine Receptor Stimulation Improves Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in a Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:558. [PMID: 28928654 PMCID: PMC5591884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a secondary cause of bone loss. Bisphosphonates approved for GIO, might induce jaw osteonecrosis; thus additional therapeutics are required. Adenosine receptor agonists are positive regulators of bone remodeling, thus the efficacy of adenosine receptor stimulation for treating GIO was tested. In a preventive study GIO was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by methylprednisolone (MP) for 60 days. Animals were randomly assigned to receive polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2 receptor agonist, or PDRN and DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine, an A2 antagonist), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Another set of animals was used for a treatment study, following the 60 days of MP-induction rats were randomized to receive (for additional 60 days) PDRN, or PDRN and DMPX (an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist), or zoledronate (as control for gold standard treatment), or vehicle. Control animals were administered with vehicle for either 60 or 120 days. Femurs were analyzed after treatments for histology, imaging, and breaking strength analysis. MP treatment induced severe bone loss, the concomitant use of PDRN prevented the developing of osteoporosis. In rats treated for 120 days, PDRN restored bone architecture and bone strength; increased b-ALP, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and stimulated the Wnt canonical and non-canonical pathway. Zoledronate reduced bone resorption and ameliorated the histological features, without significant effects on bone formation. Our results suggest that adenosine receptor stimulation might be useful for preventing and treating GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Federica Galfo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Marco Atteritano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Angelica D'Amore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Federica Aliquò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe P Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cutroneo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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18
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Antiosteoporotic Activity of Genistein Aglycone in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from a Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020179. [PMID: 28241420 PMCID: PMC5331610 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein has a preventive role against bone mass loss during menopause. However, experimental data in animal models of osteoporosis suggest an anti-osteoporotic potential for this isoflavone. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a previously published trial investigating the effects of genistein in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. The parent study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving postmenopausal women with a femoral neck (FN) density <0.795 g/cm2. A cohort of the enrolled women was, in fact, identified at the baseline as osteoporotic (n = 121) on the basis of their T-score and analyzed thereafter for the 24 months’ treatment with either 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU vitamin D3 (placebo; n = 59); or calcium, vitamin D3, and Genistein aglycone (54 mg/day; genistein; n = 62). According to the femoral neck T-scores, 31.3% of the genistein and 30.9% of the placebo recipients were osteoporotic at baseline. In the placebo and genistein groups, the 10-year hip fracture probability risk assessed by Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX) was 4.1 ± 1.9 (SD) and 4.2 ± 2.1 (SD), respectively. Mean bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck increased from 0.62 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.68 g/cm2 at 1 year and 0.70 g/cm2 at 2 years in genistein recipients, and decreased from 0.61 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.60 g/cm2 at 1 year and 0.57 g/cm2 at 2 years in placebo recipients. At the end of the study only 18 postmenopausal women had osteoporosis in the genistein group with a prevalence of 12%, whereas in the placebo group the number of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was unchanged, after 24 months. This post-hoc analysis is a proof-of concept study suggesting that genistein may be useful not only in postmenopausal osteopenia but also in osteoporosis. However, this proof-of concept study needs to be confirmed by a large, well designed, and appropriately focused randomized clinical trial in a population at high risk of fractures.
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Murad HAS. L-Carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin in ovariectomized rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:43-53. [PMID: 26739525 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins' therapy in osteoporosis can aggravate muscle damage. This study was designed to assess which agent, L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10, could enhance the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were used; forty rats were ovariectomized while eight were sham-operated. Eight weeks post-ovariectomy, rats were divided into ovariectomized-untreated group and four ovariectomized-treated groups (n=8) which received by gavage (mg/(kg∙d), for 8 weeks) 17β-estradiol (0.1), atorvastatin (50), atorvastatin (50)+L-carnitine (100), or atorvastatin (50)+coenzyme Q10 (20). At the end of therapy, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and serum levels of bone metabolic markers (BMMs) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. Femurs were used for studying the breaking strength and histopathological changes. RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin+L-carnitine restored BMD, BMC, and bone strength to near normal levels. Estrogen therapy restored BMD and BMC to near normal levels, but failed to increase bone strength. Although atorvastatin and atorvastatin+coenzyme Q10 improved BMD, BMC, and bone strength, they failed to restore levels to normal. All treatments decreased BMMs and improved histopathological changes maximally with atorvastatin+L-carnitine which restored levels to near normal. Atorvastatin aggravated the ovariectomy-induced increase in CK level while estrogen, atorvastatin+L-carnitine, and atorvastatin+coenzyme Q10 decreased its level mainly with atorvastatin+L-carnitine which restored the level to near normal. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of L-carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. This could be valuable in treatment of osteoporotic patients. However, further confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A S Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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20
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Zhang Y, Shao J, Wang Z, Yang T, Liu S, Liu Y, Fan X, Ye W. Aqueous extract of pomegranate seed attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and hypercalciuria in mice: A comparative study with alendronate. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:491-8. [PMID: 27278225 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed in order to examine bone loss and calcium homeostasis in mice with glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) following treatment with the aqueous extract of pomegranate seed (AE-PS). In addition, a comparative study with alendronate was performed. Biomarkers in the serum and the urine were measured. The tibias, kidney and duodenum were removed in order to measure the levels of bone calcium, protein expression as well as to perform histomorphological analysis of the bone. GC treatment facilitated the induction of hypercalciuria in the mice, and the AE-PS‑treated mice exhibited a greater increase in serum calcium and a decrease in urine calcium. The AE-PS reversed the deleterious effects on the trabecular bone induced by DXM and stimulated bone remodeling, including an increase in bone calcium and alkaline phosphatase‑b (ALP-b) and a decrease in a the critical bone resorption markers C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed the increased disconnections and separation between the growth plate and the trabecular bone network as well as the reduction in the trabecular bone mass of the primary and secondary spongiosa throughout the proximal metaphysis of the tibia in the DXM group. Moreover, the decreased protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)5, TRPV6 and calbindin‑D9k (CaBP‑9k) was reversed by the AE-PS or alendronate supplementation in the kidneys and the duodenum as well as plasma membrane Ca2+‑ATPase1 (PMCA1) expression in the kidneys of mice with GIOP. There was no marked difference in pharmacological effectiveness between alendronate and the AE-PS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the AE-PS may be an alternative therapy suitable for use in the management of secondary osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Tieyi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Xinbing Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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Anti-osteoclastogenic activity of isoliquiritigenin via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent autophagic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 106:82-93. [PMID: 26947453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies, including those from our laboratory, have demonstrated that the natural flavonoid isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a promising agent for bone destructive diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-osteoclastogenic effects are still far from clear. Here, we evaluated the potential alterations of autophagy and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) during anti-osteoclastogenic effects by ISL in vitro and in vivo. We observed that ISL inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and suppressed autophagic microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 accumulation. ISL treatment resulted in the interruption of several specific features for autophagy in osteoclast precursors, including acidic vesicular organelle formation, LC3-II accumulation, and appearance of autophagic vacuoles. The RANKL-stimulated expression levels of autophagy-related genes and proteins also diminished in ISL-treated osteoclast precursors. The reactivation of autophagy by rapamycin almost reversed the ISL-elicited anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Interestingly, ISL inhibited the RANKL-stimulated NF-κB expression and nuclear translocation, whereas the NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 markedly suppressed the RANKL-induced autophagic activation. Consistent with the in vitro results, the administration of ISL could attenuate osteoclastogenic cathepsin K, autophagic LC3, and NF-κB expression to protect against inflammatory calvarial bone erosion in vivo. Our findings highlight the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent autophagy as an important mechanism of ISL-mediated anti-osteoclastogenic activity.
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Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Bone Formation and Lipid Metabolism of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Rats through Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4927035. [PMID: 26941827 PMCID: PMC4749801 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4927035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been suggested as a promising method alternative to drug-based therapies for treating osteoporosis (OP), but the role of PEMF in GIOP animal models still remains unknown. This study was performed to investigate the effect of PEMF on bone formation and lipid metabolism and further explored the several important components and targets of canonical Wnt signaling pathway in GIOP rats. After 12 weeks of intervention, bone mineral density (BMD) level of the whole body increased significantly, serum lipid levels decreased significantly, and trabeculae were thicker in GIOP rats of PEMF group. PEMF stimulation upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt10b, LRP5, β-catenin, OPG, and Runx2 and downregulated Axin2, PPAR-γ, C/EBPα, FABP4, and Dkk-1. The results of this study suggested that PEMF stimulation can prevent bone loss and improve lipid metabolism disorders in GIOP rats. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in bone formation and lipid metabolism during PEMF stimulation.
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King TJ, Shandala T, Lee AM, Foster BK, Chen KM, Howe PR, Xian CJ. Potential Effects of Phytoestrogen Genistein in Modulating Acute Methotrexate Chemotherapy-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Damage in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18293-311. [PMID: 26258775 PMCID: PMC4581246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced bone damage is a frequent side effect which causes diminished bone mineral density and fracture in childhood cancer sufferers and survivors. The intensified use of anti-metabolite methotrexate (MTX) and other cytotoxic drugs has led to the need for a mechanistic understanding of chemotherapy-induced bone loss and for the development of protective treatments. Using a young rat MTX-induced bone loss model, we investigated potential bone protective effects of phytoestrogen genistein. Oral gavages of genistein (20 mg/kg) were administered daily, for seven days before, five days during, and three days after five once-daily injections (sc) of MTX (0.75 mg/kg). MTX treatment reduced body weight gain and tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume (p < 0.001), increased osteoclast density on the trabecular bone surface (p < 0.05), and increased the bone marrow adipocyte number in lower metaphyseal bone (p < 0.001). Genistein supplementation preserved body weight gain (p < 0.05) and inhibited ex vivo osteoclast formation of bone marrow cells from MTX-treated rats (p < 0.001). However, MTX-induced changes in bone volume, trabecular architecture, metaphyseal mRNA expression of pro-osteoclastogenic cytokines, and marrow adiposity were not significantly affected by the co-administration of genistein. This study suggests that genistein may suppress MTX-induced osteoclastogenesis; however, further studies are required to examine its potential in protecting against MTX chemotherapy-induced bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J King
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Tetyana Shandala
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Alice M Lee
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Bruce K Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia.
| | - Ke-Ming Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Peter R Howe
- Nutritional Physiology Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Cory J Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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Cheng Y, Wang WL, Liang JJ. Genistein attenuates glucocorticoid-induced bone deleterious effects through regulation Eph/ephrin expression in aged mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:394-403. [PMID: 25755727 PMCID: PMC4348890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to investigate bone deteriorations and the involvement of skeletal Eph/ephrin signaling pathway of GIOP aged mice in response to the treatment of genistein. METHODS The biomarkers in serum and urine were measured, tibias were taken for the measurement on gene and protein expression and histomorphology analysis, and femurs were taken for the measurement on bone Ca and three-dimensional architecture of trabecular bone. RESULTS Genistein showed a greater increase in bone Ca, BMD and significantly increased FGF-23 and OCN, reduced TRACP-5b, PTH and CTX in GIOP mice. Genistein reversed DXM-induced trabecular deleterious effects and stimulated bone remodeling. The treatment of DXM group with genistein significantly elevated the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Moreover, genistein administration down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Eph A2 and ephrin A2 in tibia of the GIOP mice. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of Eph B4 and ephrin B2 were increased in mice treated by DXM with genistein as compared to the DXM single treatment. CONCLUSIONS DXM-induced trabecular bone micro-structure deterioration in aged mice was involved in the regulation of the Eph receptors and ephrin ligands. Genistein might represent a therapy with bone-forming as well as an anti-resorptive activity in GIOP mice. The underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through regulation Eph/ephrin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, The Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University66 Tongan Road, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun-Jun Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of Anqiu246 Jiankang Road, Weifang 262100, China
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Pawlowski J, Martin BR, McCabe G, Ferruzzi MG, Weaver CM. Plum and soy aglycon extracts superior at increasing bone calcium retention in ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6108-17. [PMID: 24894797 PMCID: PMC4082398 DOI: 10.1021/jf403310q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenols have been shown to influence bone turnover and bone properties in the estrogen-depleted state. We used a crossover design in ovariectomized rats (n = 16 rats for each diet) to investigate the effect of supplementation of two doses each of blueberry, plum, grape, grape seed extract, and resveratrol on bone. We tested the aglycon and glucoside forms of genistein to quantify differences in efficacy on bone calcium retention. Rats were given an intravenous dose of ⁴⁵Ca to prelabel bone, and bone calcium retention was assessed by urinary excretion of ⁴⁵Ca:Ca ratio during an intervention period compared with nonintervention. Genistein aglycon increased bone calcium retention significantly (p<0.05) more than the glucoside (22% vs 13%, respectively). Plum extract (0.45% w/w total dietary polyphenols) and resveratrol (0.2% w/w total dietary polyphenols) were also effective, increasing bone calcium retention by 20% (p=0.0153) and 14% (p=0.0012), respectively. Several polyphenolic-rich diets improved bone calcium retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
W. Pawlowski
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Berdine R. Martin
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - George
P. McCabe
- Department
of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue
University, 250 North
University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Connie M. Weaver
- Department
of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Uyar B, Sivrikoz ON, Ozdemir U, Dasbasi T, Sacar H. Histological investigation of the effect of soybean (Glycine max) extracts on the collagen layer and estrogen receptors in the skin of female rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:854-61. [PMID: 25627999 PMCID: PMC4286672 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(12)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of soybean extracts obtained using different extraction methods on the skin of female rats. METHOD A total of 64 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 equal groups. Various extracts were administered to the female rats by oral gavage for one month. The groups comprised carboxymethyl cellulose-free control, carboxymethyl cellulose-plus control, 100-mg/kg n-hexane extract, 200-mg/kg n-hexane extract, 100-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, 200-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract, 100-mg/kg ethanol extract and 200-mg/kg ethanol extract groups. The thickness of the collagen layer and the number of estrogen receptor-positive cells were evaluated. RESULTS All the extract-treated groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the number of estrogen receptor-positive cells compared with the control groups. Regarding the thickness of the collagen layer, only the 200-mg/kg ethyl acetate extract-treated group showed a significant increase compared with the control groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that oral intake of three different total soybean extracts might have positive estrogenic effects on the skin and that only a high-dose ethyl acetate extract can increase the expression of collagen, which may prove to be beneficial for postmenopausal facial skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belkiz Uyar
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oya Nermin Sivrikoz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozdemir
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Teslima Dasbasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Handan Sacar
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, Izmir, Turkey
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Role of flavonoids on oxidative stress and mineral contents in the retinoic acid-induced bone loss model of rat. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1217-27. [PMID: 24271527 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species play a role in a number of degenerative conditions including osteoporosis. Flavonoids as phyto-oestrogens exert physiological effects against oxidative stress diseases. We developed a retinoic acid-induced bone loss model of rats to assess whether flavonoids and alendronate as positive control have role against oxidative stress and mineral contents in osteoporosis in vivo. METHODS Three-month-old female rats of the Y59 strain were given quercetin, chrysin, naringenin (100 mg kg(-1)) or alendronate (40 mg kg(-1), a positive control) immediately before retinoic acid treatment (80 mg kg(-1)) once daily for 14 days by a single intragastric (i.g.) application. In the second part of the study, we assessed the effect of those flavonoids on the skeletal system of healthy rats using single i.g. application on the respective flavonoids during 14 days. Twenty-four hours after the treatment, we analysed bone mineral density and the total content of bone calcium and phosphorus in the femur, the geometric and physical characteristics of thigh bones and lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels of liver and kidney cells. RESULTS All flavonoids improved the decrease in bone weight coefficient, the length and the diameter of the bone, the content of bone ash and calcium and phosphorus content induced by retinoic acid. Chrysin and quercetin showed promise as preventive agents. Flavonoids were superior to alendronate according to some criteria. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the dietary flavonoids could reduce retinoic acid-induced oxidative stress and bone loss and that flavonoids may be useful therapeutics for prevention of skeletal diseases.
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Khan MP, Mishra JS, Sharan K, Yadav M, Singh AK, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Bhaduaria S, Maurya R, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. A novel flavonoid C-glucoside from Ulmus wallichiana preserves bone mineral density, microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the presence of glucocorticoid by promoting osteoblast survival: a comparative study with human parathyroid hormone. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1256-66. [PMID: 23928508 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) is a novel compound isolated from Ulmus wallichiana, reported to have bone anabolic action in ovariectomized rats. Here, we studied the effect of GTDF in glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss and its mode of action. METHODS Osteoblasts were cultured from rat calvaria or bone marrow to study apoptosis and differentiation by dexamethasone (Dex), methylprednisolone (MP), GTDF, quercetin and rutin. Female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with Dex or MP with or without GTDF or PTH. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography, determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone and osteoblast apoptosis by co-labeling bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Serum osteocalcin was determined by ELISA. RESULTS GTDF preserved trabecular and cortical bones in the presence of Dex and MP and mitigated the MP-mediated suppression of serum osteocalcin. Co-administration of GTDF to MP rats increased mineral apposition, bone formation rates, bone biomechanical strength, reduced osteoblast apoptosis and increased osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells compared to MP group, suggesting in vivo osteogenic effect of GTDF. These effects of GTDF were to a great extent comparable to PTH. GTDF prevented GC-induced osteoblast apoptosis by inhibiting p53 expression and acetylation, and activation of AKT but did not influence transactivation of GC receptor (GR). CONCLUSIONS GTDF protects against GC-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival through p53 inhibition and activation of AKT pathways but not as a GR antagonist. GTDF has the potential in the management of GC-induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India; Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India; Center for Drug Discovery and Development in Reproductive Health (CDDDRH), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India
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Raghu Nadhanan R, Skinner J, Chung R, Su YW, Howe PR, Xian CJ. Supplementation with fish oil and genistein, individually or in combination, protects bone against the adverse effects of methotrexate chemotherapy in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71592. [PMID: 23951199 PMCID: PMC3741109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy has been shown to induce long-term skeletal side effects such as osteoporosis and fractures; however, there are no preventative treatments. This study investigated the damaging effects of anti-metabolite methotrexate (MTX) subcutaneous injections (0.75 mg/kg BW) for five days and the potential protective benefits of daily oral gavage of fish oil at 0.5 mL/100 g BW (containing 375 mg of n-3 PUFA/100 g BW), genistein (2 mg/100 g BW), or their combination in young adult rats. MTX treatment alone significantly reduced primary spongiosa height and secondary spongiosa trabecular bone volume. Bone marrow stromal cells from the treated rats showed a significant reduction in osteogenic differentiation but an increase in adipogenesis ex vivo. Consistently, stromal cells had significantly higher mRNA levels of adipogenesis-related proliferator activator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and fatty acid binding protein (FABP4). MTX significantly increased the numbers of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and marrow osteoclast precursor cell pool while significantly enhancing the mRNA expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), the RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the bone. Supplementary treatment with fish oil and/or genistein significantly preserved trabecular bone volume and osteogenesis but suppressed MTX-induced adipogenesis and increases in osteoclast numbers and pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine expression. Thus, Fish oil and/or genistein supplementation during MTX treatment enabled not only preservation of osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast number and bone volume, but also prevention of MTX treatment-induced increases in bone marrow adiposity, osteoclastogenic cytokine expression and osteoclast formation, and thus bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rethi Raghu Nadhanan
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jayne Skinner
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rosa Chung
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter R. Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cory J. Xian
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Ming LG, Lv X, Ma XN, Ge BF, Zhen P, Song P, Zhou J, Ma HP, Xian CJ, Chen KM. The prenyl group contributes to activities of phytoestrogen 8-prenynaringenin in enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption in vitro. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1202-14. [PMID: 23389955 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that 8-prenylflavonoids have a higher osteogenic activity than do flavonoids, which suggested that the 8-prenyl group may play an active role in bone-protective properties. To address this hypothesis, activities of 8-prenylnaringenin (PNG) and naringenin (NG) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function were compared in vitro. PNG was found to have a stronger ability than NG to improve osteoblast differentiation and osteogenic function in cultured rat calvarial osteoblasts, as demonstrated by levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, calcium deposition, and the number and area of mineralized bone nodules, as well as mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes Bmp-2, OSX, and Runx-2. In addition, although expression of osteoclastogenic inducer receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was not affected, that of osteoclastogenesis inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and consequently the OPG/RANKL ratio were increased, more potently by PNG than NG. PNG was also found to have a higher potency than NG in inhibiting the osteoclast formation in rabbit bone marrow cells and their resorptive activity, as revealed by lower numbers of osteoclasts formed, lower numbers and areas of bone resorption pits, and lower mRNA expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K. Furthermore, PNG induced apoptosis of mature osteoclasts at a higher degree and at an earlier time than did NG. These results indicate that the 8-prenyl group plays an important role and contributes to the higher bone-protective activity of PNG in comparison with NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Guo Ming
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
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Icariin Protects Against Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis In Vitro and Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteocyte Apoptosis In Vivo. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:189-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ming LG, Chen KM, Xian CJ. Functions and action mechanisms of flavonoids genistein and icariin in regulating bone remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:513-21. [PMID: 22777826 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly natural products particularly flavonoids are being explored for their therapeutic potentials in reducing bone loss and maintaining bone health. This study has reviewed previous studies on the two better known flavonoids, genistein and icariin, their structures, functions, action mechanisms, relative potency, and potential application in regulating bone remodeling and preventing bone loss. Genistein, an isoflavone abundant in soy, has dual functions on bone cells, able to inhibit bone resorption activity of osteoclasts and stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of bone marrow stromal progenitor cells (BMSCs) and osteoblasts. Genistein is an estrogen receptor (ER)-selective binding phytoestrogen, with a greater affinity to ERβ. Genistein inhibits tyrosine kinases and inhibits DNA topoisomerases I and II, and may act as an antioxidant. Genistein enhances osteoblastic differentiation and maturation by activation of ER, p38MAPK-Runx2, and NO/cGMP pathways, and it inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption through inducing osteoclastogenic inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) and blocking NF-κB signaling. Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside isolated from Epimedium herb, stimulates osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibits bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Icariin, whose metabolites include icariside I, icariside II, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin, has no estrogenic activity. However, icariin is more potent than genistein in promoting osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. The existence of a prenyl group on C-8 of icariin molecular structure has been suggested to be the reason why icariin is more potent than genistein in osteogenic activity. Thus, the prenylflavonoids may represent a class of flavonoids with a higher osteogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Guo Ming
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command of PLA, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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Heiss C, Govindarajan P, Schlewitz G, Hemdan NYA, Schliefke N, Alt V, Thormann U, Lips KS, Wenisch S, Langheinrich AC, Zahner D, Schnettler R. Induction of osteoporosis with its influence on osteoporotic determinants and their interrelationships in rats by DEXA. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR199-207. [PMID: 22648240 PMCID: PMC3560729 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As women are the population most affected by multifactorial osteoporosis, research is focused on unraveling the underlying mechanism of osteoporosis induction in rats by combining ovariectomy (OVX) either with calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C and vitamin D2/D3 deficiency, or by administration of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone). MATERIAL/METHODS Different skeletal sites of sham, OVX-Diet and OVX-Steroid rats were analyzed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) at varied time points of 0, 4 and 12 weeks to determine and compare the osteoporotic factors such as bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), area, body weight and percent fat among different groups and time points. Comparative analysis and interrelationships among osteoporotic determinants by regression analysis were also determined. RESULTS T scores were below-2.5 in OVX-Diet rats at 4 and 12 weeks post-OVX. OVX-diet rats revealed pronounced osteoporotic status with reduced BMD and BMC than the steroid counterparts, with the spine and pelvis as the most affected skeletal sites. Increase in percent fat was observed irrespective of the osteoporosis inducers applied. Comparative analysis and interrelationships between osteoporotic determinants that are rarely studied in animals indicate the necessity to analyze BMC and area along with BMD in obtaining meaningful information leading to proper prediction of probability of osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced osteoporotic effect observed in OVX-Diet rats indicates that estrogen dysregulation combined with diet treatment induces and enhances osteoporosis with time when compared to the steroid group. Comparative and regression analysis indicates the need to determine BMC along with BMD and area in osteoporotic determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Ha BG, Nagaoka M, Yonezawa T, Tanabe R, Woo JT, Kato H, Chung UI, Yagasaki K. Regulatory mechanism for the stimulatory action of genistein on glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:501-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Polito F, Marini H, Bitto A, Irrera N, Vaccaro M, Adamo EB, Micali A, Squadrito F, Minutoli L, Altavilla D. Genistein aglycone, a soy-derived isoflavone, improves skin changes induced by ovariectomy in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:994-1005. [PMID: 21827449 PMCID: PMC3312494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ovariectomy accelerates age-related skin changes as adequate oestrogen levels are required to control structural integrity and functional capacity of skin. Genistein, a soy-derived isoflavone, has been tested in anti-ageing cosmetic preparations with interesting results on skin elasticity, photoaging and skin cancer prevention. We investigated the effects of genistein aglycone and compared them with systemic raloxifene hydrochloride and 17-α-ethinyloestradiol on skin changes in aged, ovariectomized (OVX) rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Six months after ovariectomy, rats were randomly allocated to different groups and treated, daily, with genistein aglycone (1 and 10mg·kg(-1) s.c.), raloxifene hydrochloride (0.05 and 0.5mg·kg(-1) s.c.) or 17-α-ethinyloestradiol (0.003 and 0.03mg·kg(-1) s.c.) for 12 weeks. Controls were untreated OVX and sham OVX rats. At the end of the treatment period, a skin biopsy was carried out and skin samples were assessed for molecular, histological and functional changes. KEY RESULTS Skin samples of untreated OVX rats showed a decrease in TGF-β1, VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 compared with sham OVX rats. All the treatments significantly restored this depressed molecular profile revealed in OVX rats. Genistein aglycone, 1mg·kg(-1) , also significantly increased the thickness of collagen and breaking strength of skin in the OVX rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Relatively long-term, systemic treatment with genistein aglycone shows comparable efficacy to oestrogen in reversing some molecular, histological and functional changes of the skin associated with ovariectomy in aged rats. This suggests that genistein aglycone might be an effective alternative therapy for the management of age-related skin changes in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polito
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Physiology and Human Nutrition, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Miao Q, Li JG, Miao S, Hu N, Zhang J, Zhang S, Xie YH, Wang JB, Wang SW. The bone-protective effect of genistein in the animal model of bilateral ovariectomy: roles of phytoestrogens and PTH/PTHR1 against post-menopausal osteoporosis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 13:56-70. [PMID: 22312238 PMCID: PMC3269672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein, a major phytoestrogen of soy, is considered a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Mounting evidence suggested a positive correlation between genistein consumption and bone health both in vivo and in vitro. Earlier studies have revealed that genistein acted as a natural estrogen analogue which activated estrogen receptor and exerted anti-osteoporotic effect. However, it remains unclear whether PTH, the most crucial hormone that regulates mineral homeostasis, participates in the process of genistein-mediated bone protection. In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effects between genistein and nilestriol and investigated whether PTH and its specific receptor PTHR1 altered in response to genistein-containing diet in the animal model of ovariectomy. Our results showed that genistein administration significantly improved femoral mechanical properties and alleviates femoral turnover. Genistein at all doses (4.5 mg/kg, 9.0 mg/kg and 18.0 mg/kg per day, respectively) exerted improved bending strength and b-ALP limiting effects than nilestriol in the present study. However, genistein administration did not exert superior effects on bone protection than nilestriol. We also observed circulating PTH restoration in ovariectomized rats receiving genistein at the dose of 18 mg/kg per day. Meanwhile, PTHR1 abnormalities were attenuated in the presence of genistein as confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. These findings strongly support the idea that besides serving as an estrogen, genistein could interact with PTH/PTHR1, causing a superior mineral restoring effect than nilestriol on certain circumstance. In conclusion, our study reported for the first time that the anti-osteoporotic effect of genistein is partly PTH/PTHR1-dependent. Genistein might be a potential option in the prevention and treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis with good tolerance, more clinical benefits and few undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Jing-Ge Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Shan Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Nan Hu
- Institute of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mail:
| | - Song Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; E-Mails: (Q.M.); (J.-G.L.); (S.M.); (S.Z.); (Y.-H.X.); (J.-B.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-29-84774748; Fax: +86-29-83224790
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Bitto A, Marini H, Burnett BP, Polito F, Levy RM, Irrera N, Minutoli L, Adamo EB, Squadrito F, Altavilla D. Genistein aglycone effect on bone loss is not enhanced by supplemental calcium and vitamin D3: a dose ranging experimental study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:879-886. [PMID: 21397481 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Genistein aglycone (GEN) has a favorable effect on bone loss. We investigated the effects of GEN alone or in combination with supplemental calcium and vitamin D(3) in an animal model of bone loss to evaluate if there was additional benefit. Ovariectomized (OVX) and SHAM-OVX rats were used. OVX were divided into 12 groups and randomized to receive: GEN at 27, 54, 200, 500 or 1000 mg (human equivalent dose (HED)/day/ip injection alone or with calcium carbonate (Ca) (360 mg/kg/day/gavages) and vitamin D(3) (D(3)) (50 IU/kg/day/gavages) or Ca/D(3) without GEN or untreated for 6 weeks. SHAM-OVX were randomized into 7 groups and treated with: Ca and D(3) alone or in combination with GEN (same doses as OVX), or left untreated. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone-alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), collagen C-telopeptides (CTX), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and soluble receptor activator of NFκB ligand (sRANKL) were assessed. Femurs were excised and tested for breaking strength and histology. Uterine weight was analyzed to assess GEN's estrogenic effects on the SHAM-OVX. The most effective dose of GEN, independent of Ca/D(3) supplementation, was 54 mg/day. Higher doses yielded no further improvement in bone biomarkers, histology or strength. Only 1000 mg/day HED of genistein produced statistically significant changes in uterine weight of the SHAM-OVX. This study suggests that 54 mg/day of GEN is the threshold dose for efficacy. In addition, supplemental calcium and vitamin D(3), beyond normal dietary intake do not enhance the effects of genistein on improving measures of bone loss. This observation has implications regarding the use of calcium and vitamin D(3) supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy
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Genistein inhibits mitochondrial-targeted oxidative damage induced by beta-amyloid peptide 25–35 in PC12 cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:399-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Burnett BP, Pillai L, Bitto A, Squadrito F, Levy RM. Evaluation of CYP450 inhibitory effects and steady-state pharmacokinetics of genistein in combination with cholecalciferol and citrated zinc bisglycinate in postmenopausal women. Int J Womens Health 2011; 3:139-50. [PMID: 21792336 PMCID: PMC3140810 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s19309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of genistein 27 mg, cholecalciferol 200 IU, citrated zinc bisglycinate (4 mg elemental zinc) 20 mg per capsule in Fosteum®, a prescription medical food regulated by the FDA and indicated for the dietary management of osteopenia and osteoporosis, was tested for drug interactions and to determine the pharmacokinetic profile for genistein, the principal bone-modulating ingredient in the product. Methods In vitro human liver microsome cytochrome P450 (CYP450) assays were used to test the product for potential drug interactions with the isoforms 1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. Due to specific 2C8 and 2C9 inhibition, a steady-state pharmacokinetic study was performed to assess serum genistein concentrations by high-pressure liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectroscopy in healthy fasting (n = 10) and fed (n = 10) postmenopausal women. Results The product showed minimal inhibition of 1A2, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, exhibiting IC50 > 10 μM, but 2C8 and 2C9 yielded IC50 of 2.5 μM and 2.8 μM, respectively, concentrations which are theroretically achievable when dosing the product twice daily. After seven days of administration in a steady-state pharmacokinetic study, significant differences were found for unconjugated genistein (including free and protein-bound), regarding time to peak concentration (1.88 ± 1.36 hours), maximum concentration reached (0.052 ± 0.055 μM), elimination half-life (2.3 ± 1.6 hours), and area under the concentration-time curve (53.75 ± 17.59 ng · hour/mL) compared with results for total genistein (including glucuronidated and sulfonated conjugates) time to peak concentration (2.22 ± 1.09 hours), maximum concentration reached (2.95 ± 1.64 μM), elimination half-life (10.4 ± 4.1 hours), and area under the concentration-time curve (10424 ± 6290 ng · hour/mL) in fasting subjects. Coadministration of food tended to extend the time and extent of absorption as well as slow elimination of genistein, but not in a statistically significant manner. Conclusion Because the serum genistein concentrations achieved during pharmacokinetic testing at therapeutic doses were well below those required for enzyme inhibition in the in vitro liver microsome assays, these results indicate a low potential for drug interactions.
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Novotný M, Vasilenko T, Varinská L, Smetana K, Szabo P, Šarišský M, Dvořánková B, Mojžiš J, Bobrov N, Toporcerová S, Sabol F, Matthews BJ, Gál P. ER-α agonist induces conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, while ER-β agonist increases ECM production and wound tensile strength of healing skin wounds in ovariectomised rats. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:703-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Marini H, Polito F, Altavilla D, Irrera N, Minutoli L, Calò M, Adamo EB, Vaccaro M, Squadrito F, Bitto A. Genistein aglycone improves skin repair in an incisional model of wound healing: a comparison with raloxifene and oestradiol in ovariectomized rats. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1185-94. [PMID: 20590611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oestrogen loss at menopause is frequently related to poor wound healing. Genistein has been tested in anti-ageing cosmetic preparations with interesting results on skin health. Here, we investigated the effects of the genistein aglycones, given systemically, in an incisional model of wound healing, compared to systemic oestradiol and raloxifene. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Six months after ovariectomy (OVX), rats were randomly assigned to groups of 12 animals each and treated daily with genistein aglycone (1 and 10 mg kg(-1) s.c.), raloxifene hydrochloride (0.05 and 0.5 mg kg(-1) s.c.) or 17-alpha-ethinyl oestradiol (0.003 and 0.03 mg kg(-1) s.c.) for 12 weeks. Untreated OVX and sham OVX rats were used as controls. Then, 14 or 7 days before the end of the experiment, an incisional wound healing procedure was performed and skin specimens were collected to evaluate molecular, histological and functional measurements. KEY RESULTS Seven and fourteen days after wounding, samples from OVX rats showed a decrease in transforming growth factor-beta1, tissue transglutaminase 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor compared to samples from sham OVX rats. Oestradiol, raloxifene and genistein all significantly modified this decrease, but the lowest genistein dose exerted a greater effect than the other treatments. Moreover, the lowest dose of genistein was the most effective in improving skin healing and wound tensile strength. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Genistein aglycone might be an alternative therapy for the management of skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Marini
- Department of Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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