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Kearney MR, Jasper ME, White VL, Aitkenhead IJ, Blacket MJ, Kong JD, Chown SL, Hoffmann AA. Parthenogenesis without costs in a grasshopper with hybrid origins. Science 2022; 376:1110-1114. [PMID: 35653484 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rarity of parthenogenetic species is typically attributed to the reduced genetic variability that accompanies the absence of sex, yet natural parthenogens can be surprisingly successful. Ecological success is often proposed to derive from hybridization through enhanced genetic diversity from repetitive origins or enhanced phenotypic breadth from heterosis. Here, we tested and rejected both hypotheses in a classic parthenogen, the diploid grasshopper Warramaba virgo. Genetic data revealed a single hybrid mating origin at least 0.25 million years ago, and comparative analyses of 14 physiological and life history traits showed no evidence for altered fitness relative to its sexual progenitors. Our findings imply that the rarity of parthenogenesis is due to constraints on origin rather than to rapid extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kearney
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Moshe E Jasper
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Vanessa L White
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian J Aitkenhead
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark J Blacket
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jacinta D Kong
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Brown TA, Tsurusaki N, Burns M. Genomic Determination of Reproductive Mode in Facultatively Parthenogenetic Opiliones. J Hered 2021; 112:34-44. [PMID: 33448304 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual reproduction may pose myriad short-term costs to females. Despite these costs, sexual reproduction is near ubiquitous. Facultative parthenogenesis is theorized to mitigate some of the costs of sex, as individuals can participate in occasional sex to limit costs while obtaining many benefits. However, most theoretical models assume sexual reproduction is fixed following mating, with no possibility of clutches of mixed reproductive ontogeny. Therefore, we asked: if coercive males are present at high frequency in a population of facultative parthenogens, will their clutches be solely sexually produced, or will there be evidence of sexually and asexually-produced offspring? How will their offspring production compare to conspecifics in low-frequency male populations? We addressed our questions by collecting females and egg clutches of the facultatively parthenogenetic Opiliones species Leiobunum manubriatum and L. globosum. In L. manubriatum, females from populations with few males were not significantly more fecund than females from populations with higher male relative frequency, despite the potential release of the former from sexual conflict. We used 3 genotyping methods along with a custom set of DNA capture probes to reveal that offspring of L. manubriatum from these high male populations were primarily produced via asexual reproduction. This is surprising because sex ratios in these southern populations approach equality, increasing the probability for females to encounter mates and produce offspring sexually. We additionally found evidence for reproductive polymorphisms within populations. Rapid and accurate SNP genotyping data will continue to allow us to address broader evolutionary questions regarding the role of facultative reproductive modes in the maintenance of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nobuo Tsurusaki
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Taxonomy, Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mercedes Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
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Štefánik M, Fedor P. Environmental stress in Parnassius apollo reflected through wing geometric morphometrics in a historical collection with a possible connection to habitat degradation. NATURE CONSERVATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.38.48682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring climate changes and habitat degradation in threatened species without negative impact to the populations can pose a considerable challenge. A rare chance to test the morphological response of wing shape and size to environmental factors on the mountain Apollo (Parnassius apollo) collected from 1938 to 1968 at a single location – Strečno mountain pass, N Slovakia presented itself in a historical collection. The canonical variate analysis showed a significant shift from a narrower to broader forewing, with more extremes in either extra broad or narrow forewings in the post- 1960 population. Analysis of existing data was conducted to determine the possible factors affecting this change. Generally, the comparative statistics of temperature and precipitation to morphology of individuals and their fluctuating asymmetry showed no, or weak, correlations. Two extreme weather events (ECEs), identified using the historical weather data, show no correlation of wing morphology to these events. Although no strong correlations can be drawn in case of the available weather data and morphology, the results of this study can be connected to strong anthropogenic effects of a large-scale road development project taking place in the vicinity of the collection site starting in November 1959 causing changes in the available habitat and therefore a shift in the wing morphology.
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Abramjan A, Frýdlová P, Jančúchová-Lásková J, Suchomelová P, Landová E, Yavruyan E, Frynta D. Comparing developmental stability in unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the genus Darevskia. Evol Dev 2019; 21:175-187. [PMID: 30887666 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parthenogenetic species are usually considered to be short-lived due to the accumulation of adverse mutations, lack of genetic variability, and inability to adapt to changing environment. If so, one may expect that the phenotype of clonal organisms may reflect such genetic and/or environmental stress. To test this hypothesis, we compared the developmental stability of bisexual and parthenogenetic lizards of the genus Darevskia. We assessed asymmetries in three meristic traits: ventral, preanal, and supratemporal scales. Our results suggest that the amount of ventral and preanal asymmetries is significantly higher in clones compared with their maternal, but not paternal, progenitor species. However, it is questionable, whether this is a consequence of clonality, as it may be considered a mild form of outbreeding depression as well. Moreover, most ventral asymmetries were found in the bisexual species Darevskia valentini. We suggest that greater differences in asymmetry levels among bisexuals may be, for instance, a consequence of the population size: the smaller the population, the higher the inbreeding and the developmental instability. On the basis of the traits examined in this study, the parthenogens do not seem to be of significantly poorer quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andran Abramjan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Frýdlová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Suchomelová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Yavruyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biology, Zoology, and Ecology, Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rushworth CA, Windham MD, Keith RA, Mitchell-Olds T. Ecological differentiation facilitates fine-scale coexistence of sexual and asexual Boechera. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:2051-2064. [PMID: 30548985 PMCID: PMC6685206 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Ecological differentiation (ED) between sexual and asexual organisms may permit the maintenance of reproductive polymorphism. Several studies of sexual/asexual ED in plants have shown that the geographic ranges of asexuals extend beyond those of sexuals, often in areas of higher latitude or elevation. But very little is known about ED at fine scales, wherein coexistence of sexuals and asexuals may be permitted by differential niche occupation. METHODS We used 149 populations of sexual and apomictic lineages in the genus Boechera (rock cress) collected across a portion of this mustard's vast range. We characterized reproductive mode, ploidy, and species identity or hybrid parentage of each individual, and then used a multipronged statistical approach to (1) identify ED between sexuals and asexuals; (2) investigate the impacts of two confounding factors, polyploidy and hybridization, on ED; and (3) determine the environmental variables underlying ED. KEY RESULTS We found that sexuals and asexuals are significantly ecologically differentiated across the landscape, despite fine-scale interdigitation of these two reproductive forms. Asexual reproduction was strongly associated with greater disturbance, reduced slope, and greater environmental variability. Although ploidy had little effect on the patterns observed, hybridization has a unique impact on the relationships between asexual reproduction and specific environmental variables. CONCLUSIONS Ecological differentiation along the axes of disturbance, slope, and climatic variability, as well as the effects of heterozygosity, may contribute to the maintenance of sexuality and asexuality across the landscape, ultimately impacting the establishment and spread of asexual lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Rushworth
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael D. Windham
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rose A. Keith
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tom Mitchell-Olds
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Kamiya M, Saba E, West JA. Marginal distribution and high heterozygosity of asexual Caloglossa vieillardii (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) along the Australian coasts. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:1283-1293. [PMID: 28833125 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In animals and land plants, many asexual species originate through inter- or intraspecific crosses, and such heterozygous asexuals frequently are more abundant than their sexual relatives in marginal habitats. Although asexual species have been reported in various macroalgal taxa, detailed information regarding their distribution, heterozygosity, and origin is limited. Because many asexual tetrasporophyte strains of Caloglossa vieillardii have been isolated from South Australia, far from their core tropical habitats, we re-examined the distribution range of asexual C. vieillardii and genotyped these and other western Pacific strains using an actin gene marker. We confirmed the marginal distribution of the asexuals; however, a small patch of sexual thalli was newly discovered 450 km further west from asexual populations in South Australia. Three heterozygous genotypes and one homozygous genotypes were detected from nine asexual populations; 21 heterozygous strains were obligately asexual, but one homozygous strain suddenly produced sexual gametophytes after several years of culture. We hypothesized that the most abundant heterozygous genotype (defined as type 3/4) in asexual populations occurred by a cross between type 3 and type 4 allele gametophytes, both of which were isolated from the Australian coasts. In the crossing experiments, certain combinations between type 3 females and type 4 males produced tetrasporophytes, which recycled successive tetrasporophytes. In the culture experiments, whereas both sexual and asexual strains successfully produced tetraspores at 12°C, no sexual strains released carpospores below 14°C. However, it is uncertain whether this slight difference of maturation temperature was related to the marginal distribution of asexual C. vieillardii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunobu Kamiya
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - Erika Saba
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui, 917-0003, Japan
| | - John A West
- School of Biosciences 2, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Foighil DÓ, Smith MJ. EVOLUTION OF ASEXUALITY IN THE COSMOPOLITAN MARINE CLAM LASAEA. Evolution 2017; 49:140-150. [PMID: 28593668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1995.tb05966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/1992] [Accepted: 06/29/1993] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The marine clam genus Lasaea is unique among marine bivalves in that it contains both sexual and asexual lineages. We employed molecular tools to infer intrageneric relationships of geographically restricted sexual versus cosmopolitan asexual forms. Polymerase chain reaction primers were used to amplify and sequence homologous 624 nucleotide fragments of COIII from polyploid, asexual, direct-developing individuals representing northeastern Pacific, northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, southern Indian Ocean, and Australian populations. DNA sequences also were obtained from the two known diploid congeners, the Australian sexual, indirect developer, Lasaea australis, and an undescribed meiotic Australian direct developer. Estimated tree topologies did not support monophyly for polyploid asexual Lasaea lineages. A robust dichotomy was evident in all phylogenetic trees and each of the two main branches included one of the diploid meitoic Australian congeners. Lasaea australis clustered with two of the direct-developing, polyploid asexual haplotypes, one from Australia, the other from the northeastern Atlantic. Monophyly is supported for the diploid Australian direct-developing lineage together with the remaining polyploid asexual lineages from the northeastern Pacific, northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean, and southern Indian Ocean. These results indicate that asexual Lasaea lineages are polyphyletic and may have resulted from multiple hybridization events. The high degree of genetic divergence of asexual lineages from co-clustering meiotic congeners (16%-22%) and among geographically restricted monophyletic clones (9%-11%) suggests that asexual Lasaea lineages may be exceptionally long lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmaid Ó Foighil
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Michael J Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5A 1S6
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8
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Vrijenhoek RC, Pfeiler E, Wetherington JD. BALANCING SELECTION IN A DESERT STREAM‐DWELLING FISH,
POECILIOPSIS MONACHA. Evolution 2017; 46:1642-1657. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb01159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/1991] [Accepted: 03/07/1992] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08903–0231 USA
| | - Edward Pfeiler
- Departamento de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Guaymas Sonora 85400 MEXICO
| | - Jeffrey D. Wetherington
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08903–0231 USA
- Agricultural Products Division Dupont Company Wilmington DE 19880‐0402 USA
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9
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Wetherington JD, Kotora KE, Vrijenhoek RC. A TEST OF THE SPONTANEOUS HETEROSIS HYPOTHESIS FOR UNISEXUAL VERTEBRATES. Evolution 2017; 41:721-731. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/1986] [Accepted: 02/19/1987] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Wetherington
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
| | - Karen E. Kotora
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
| | - Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bureau of Biological Research Rutgers University P.O. Box 1059 Piscataway NJ 08855
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10
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Manasse RS, Stanton ML. THE INFLUENCE OF THE MATING SYSTEM ON SEED SIZE VARIATION IN
CRINUM ERUBESCENS
(AMARYLLIDACEAE). Evolution 2017; 45:883-890. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb04357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/1989] [Accepted: 09/05/1990] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. Manasse
- Department of Botany University of California Davis CA 95616 USA
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11
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Leary RF, Allendorf FW, Knudsen KL. INHERITANCE OF MERISTIC VARIATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY IN RAINBOW TROUT. Evolution 2017; 39:308-314. [PMID: 28564223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/1984] [Accepted: 09/06/1984] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We found relatively high heritabilities in the narrow sense for seven of eight meristic characters in a population of rainbow trout using regression of mean progeny values on mid-parent values. In sharp contrast, there is no statistically significant additive genetic variance controlling developmental stability, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry (h2 = 0.02). However, there is a significant correlation between the average heterozygosity of each family at isozyme loci and the average number of asymmetric traits per individual. We have previously reported a strong correlation between heterozygosity at protein loci and decreased fluctuating asymmetry in this and other salmonid populations. Thus, there is little or no additive, but substantial dominance, genetic variation affecting fluctuating asymmetry. This suggests that there has been directional selection for increased developmental stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robb F Leary
- Department of Zoology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812
| | - Fred W Allendorf
- Department of Zoology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812
| | - Kathy L Knudsen
- Department of Zoology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812
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12
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Clarke GM, Oldroyd BP, Hunt P. THE GENETIC BASIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY INAPIS MELLIFERA:HETEROZYGOSITY VERSUS GENIC BALANCE. Evolution 2017; 46:753-762. [PMID: 28568667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/1991] [Accepted: 09/20/1991] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Clarke
- CSIRO Division of Entomology; G.P.O. Box 1700 Canberra City A.C.T. 2601 AUSTRALIA
| | - Benjamin P. Oldroyd
- USDA-ARS-Honey-Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research; 1157 Ben Hur Road Baton Rouge LA 70820 USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Burnley Gardens, Swan Street. Burnley Victoria 3121 AUSTRALIA
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13
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Leary RF, Allendorf FW, Knudsen KL. DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY AND HIGH MERISTIC COUNTS IN INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF SALMONID FISHES. Evolution 2017; 39:1318-1326. [PMID: 28564256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/1985] [Accepted: 07/23/1985] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robb F. Leary
- Department of Zoology University of Montana Missoula MT 59812
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14
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Echelle AA, Dowling TE, Moritz CC, Brown WM. MITOCHONDRIAL‐DNA DIVERSITY AND THE ORIGIN OF THE
MENIDIA CLARKHUBBSI
COMPLEX OF UNISEXUAL FISHES (ATHERINIDAE). Evolution 2017; 43:984-993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/1988] [Accepted: 02/09/1989] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas E. Dowling
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Craig C. Moritz
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Wesley M. Brown
- Museum of Zoology and Department of Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109
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15
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Vrijenhoek RC, Pfeiler E. DIFFERENTIAL SURVIVAL OF SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL
POECILIOPSIS
DURING ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. Evolution 2017; 51:1593-1600. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb01482.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/1997] [Accepted: 06/03/1997] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Vrijenhoek
- Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey 08903‐0231
| | - Edward Pfeiler
- Departamento de Ciencias Marinas Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Guaymas Sonora 85400 Mexico
- Department of Biology Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287‐1501 Mexico
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16
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Strauss SH. HETEROZYGOSITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY UNDER INBREEDING AND CROSSBREEDING IN
PINUS ATTENUATA. Evolution 2017; 41:331-339. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb05801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/1985] [Accepted: 11/14/1986] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Strauss
- Department of Forest Science Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331
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17
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Waser NM, Price MV. OPTIMAL OUTCROSSING IN IPOMOPSIS AGGREGAT A: SEED SET AND OFFSPRING FITNEs. Evolution 2017; 43:1097-1109. [PMID: 28564159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/1988] [Accepted: 03/16/1989] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Restricted gene flow and localized selection should establish a correlation between physical proximity and genetic similarity in many plant populations. Given this situation, fitness may decline in crosses between nearby plants (inbreeding depression), and in crosses between more widely separated plants ("outbreeding depression") mostly as a result of disruption of local adaptation. It follows that seed set and offspring fitness may be greatest in crosses over an intermediate "optimal outcrossing distance." This prediction was supported for Ipomopsis aggregata, a long-lived herbaceous plant pollinated by hummingbirds. In six replicate pollination experiments, mean seed set per flower was higher with an outcrossing distance of 1-10 m than with selfing or outcrossing over 100 m. A similar pattern appeared in the performance of offspring from experimental crosses grown under natural conditions and censused for a seven-year period. Offspring from 10-m crosses had higher survival, greater chance of flowering, and earlier flowering than those from 1-m or 100-m crosses. As a result, 1-m and 100-m offspring achieved only 47% and 68%, respectively, of the lifetime fitness of 10-m offspring. Offspring fitness also declined with planting distance from the seed parent over a range of 1-30 m, so that adaptation to the maternal environment is a plausible mechanism for outbreeding depression. Censuses in a representative I. aggregata population indicated that the herbaceous vegetation changes over a range of 2-150 m, suggesting that there is spatial variation in selection regimes on a scale commensurate with the observed effects of outbreeding depression and planting distance. We discuss the possibility that differences in seed set might in part reflect maternal mate discrimination and emphasize the desirability of measuring offspring fitness under natural conditions in assessing outcrossing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Waser
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224
| | - Mary V Price
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, 81224
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18
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Schenck RA, Vrijenhoek RC. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FACTORS AFFECTING COEXISTENCE AMONG SEXUAL AND CLONAL FORMS OF
POECILIOPSIS. Evolution 2017; 40:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/1985] [Accepted: 04/28/1986] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ferguson MM. DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY OF RAINBOW TROUT HYBRIDS: GENOMIC COADAPTATION OR HETEROZYGOSITY? Evolution 2017; 40:323-330. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1986.tb00474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/1985] [Accepted: 11/11/1985] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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TATARENKOV A, HEALEY CIM, AVISE JC. Microgeographic population structure of green swordail fish: genetic differentiation despite abundant migration. Mol Ecol 2009; 19:257-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Mezhzherin SE, Kokodii SV. Genetic homeostasis and developmental stability in natural populations of bisexual (Carassius auratus) and unisexual (C. gibelio) goldfishes. CYTOL GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452709050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Mesaroš G, Tucić B, Tucić N. Directional and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Sexual and Asexual Otiorhynchus alpicola Populations. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1994.tb00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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ERBOUT NATHALIE, DE MEYER MARC, LENS LUC. Hybridization between two polyphagous fruit-fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) causes sex-biased reduction in developmental stability. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Auffray J, Renaud S, Alibert P, Nevo E. Developmental stability and adaptive radiation in theSpalax ehrenbergisuperspecies in the Near‐East. J Evol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1999.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.‐C. Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - S. Renaud
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - P. Alibert
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554 CNRS), CC064, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
| | - E. Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
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Zachos FE, Hartl GB, Suchentrunk F. Fluctuating asymmetry and genetic variability in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): a test of the developmental stability hypothesis in mammals using neutral molecular markers. Heredity (Edinb) 2007; 98:392-400. [PMID: 17375126 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), used as an indicator of developmental stability, has long been hypothesized to be negatively correlated with genetic variability as a consequence of more variable organisms being better suited to buffer developmental pathways against environmental stress. However, it is still a matter of debate if this is due to metabolic properties of enzymes encoded by certain key loci or rather to overall genomic heterozygosity. Previous analyses suggest that there might be a general difference between homeo- and poikilotherms in that only the latter tend to exhibit the negative correlation predicted by theory. In the present study, we addressed these questions by analysing roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from five German populations with regard to FA in metric and non-metric skull and mandible traits as well as variability at eight microsatellite loci. Genetic variability was quantified by heterozygosity and mean d2 parameters, and although the latter did not show any relationship with FA, we found for the first time a statistically significant negative correlation of microsatellite heterozygosity and non-metric FA among populations. Because microsatellites are non-coding markers, this may be interpreted as evidence for the role of overall genomic heterozygosity in determining developmental stability. To test if the threshold character of non-metric traits is responsible for the metric vs non-metric difference we also carried out calculations where we treated our metric traits as threshold values. This, however, did not yield significant correlations between FA and genetic variability either.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Zachos
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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GARNIER STEPHANE, GIDASZEWSKI NELLY, CHARLOT MARYLINE, RASPLUS JEANYVES, ALIBERT PAUL. Hybridization, developmental stability, and functionality of morphological traits in the ground beetleCarabus solieri(Coleoptera, Carabidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schaefer K, Lauc T, Mitteroecker P, Gunz P, Bookstein FL. Dental Arch Asymmetry in an Isolated Adriatic Community. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2005; 129:132-42. [PMID: 16229029 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Developmental stability reflects the ability of a genotype to develop in the same way under varying environmental conditions. Deviations from developmental stability, arising from disruptive effects of environmental and genetic stresses, can be measured in terms of fluctuating asymmetry, a particularly sensitive indicator of the ability to cope with these stresses during ontogeny. In an inbred Adriatic island population, we expected dental arch fluctuating asymmetry 1) to be higher than in an outbred sample from the same island, and 2) within this population, to increase with the level of inbreeding. Due to environmental stress, we also expected to find higher fluctuating asymmetry in the outbred island population than in an urban reference group from the same country. The material consisted of 506 dental casts of 253 children from 1) the island of Hvar, and 2) Zagreb, Croatia. Three-dimensional coordinates of 26 landmarks spanning the arches were digitized. The analysis partitioned the asymmetry of arch forms into components for directional and fluctuating bilateral asymmetry, using the appropriate Procrustes method (geometric morphometrics). The results corroborated the hypotheses. Fluctuating asymmetry was found to be higher on the island than in Zagreb in all groups and in both jaws, and increased significantly with endogamy level in the lower jaw. There was no significant directional asymmetry in the Zagreb sample and likewise none in the upper jaws of the outbred island group, but significant directional asymmetry in both jaws of the inbred population and also in the lower jaws of the outbred island group. These results suggest an environmental as well as a genetic influence on dental arch asymmetry. Although the lower jaws expressed these two stresses almost additively, the upper jaws appeared to be better buffered. The role of directional asymmetry as a potential indicator of craniofacial developmental instability clearly merits further attention.
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Neff BD. Stabilizing selection on genomic divergence in a wild fish population. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:2381-5. [PMID: 14983018 PMCID: PMC356959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307522100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation programs use breeding protocols to increase genomic divergence (by mating genetically dissimilar individuals) in an attempt to circumvent population declines resulting from inbreeding depression. However, disruption of either beneficial gene complexes or local genetic adaptations can lead to outbreeding depression, and thus, there should be a reduction in fitness of individuals at either end of the genomic divergence continuum. Although such simultaneous inbreeding and outbreeding depression has been observed in plant populations, it rarely has been demonstrated in animal populations. Here, I use both genetic and phenotypic measures to show that there is stabilizing selection on genomic divergence in a wild population of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). I also show that breeding individuals that exercise mate choice produce offspring that are closer to the optimal level of genomic divergence than random mating alone would predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Neff
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7.
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29
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Kearney M, Shine R. DEVELOPMENTAL SUCCESS, STABILITY, AND PLASTICITY IN CLOSELY RELATED PARTHENOGENETIC AND SEXUAL LIZARDS (HETERONOTIA, GEKKONIDAE). Evolution 2004. [DOI: 10.1554/03-559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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JOKELA JUKKA, LIVELY CURTISM, DYBDAHL MARKF, FOX JENNIFERA. Genetic variation in sexual and clonal lineages of a freshwater snail. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Mazzi D, Largiadèr CR, Bakker TCM. Inbreeding and developmental stability in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). Heredity (Edinb) 2003; 89:293-9. [PMID: 12242646 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2001] [Accepted: 05/07/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry, small non-directional departures from perfect symmetry in bilateral traits, results from the inability of individuals to buffer development against genetic and environmental perturbations. Fluctuating asymmetry is a widely used measure of developmental stability, and developmental stability has been hypothesised to be inversely related to heterozygosity. We compared male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) that had been inbred for one generation to outbred control males with respect to the asymmetry of a set of bilateral morphometric traits. Inbred fish developed significantly more asymmetric pectoral fins than their outbred counterparts, whereas neither the magnitude of asymmetry for pelvic spines nor for gill covers significantly responded to the treatment. Our results conform to a pattern of heterogeneity amongst traits in their tendency to develop asymmetrically in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mazzi
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, CH-3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland.
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Lens L, Van Dongen S, Kark S, Matthysen E. Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: can we bridge the gap between studies? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2002; 77:27-38. [PMID: 11911372 DOI: 10.1017/s1464793101005796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence from both experimental and non-experimental studies that fluctuating asymmetry does not consistently index stress or fitness. The widely held--yet poorly substantiated--belief that fluctuating asymmetry can act as a universal measure of developmental stability and predictor of stress-mediated changes in fitness, therefore staggers. Yet attempts to understand why the reported relationships between fluctuating asymmetry, stress and fitness are so heterogeneous--i.e. whether the associations are truly weak or non-existent or whether they become confounded during different stages of the analytical pathways remain surprisingly scarce. Hence, we attempt to disentangle these causes, by reviewing the various statistical and conceptual factors that are suspected to confound potential relationships between fluctuating asymmetry, stress and fitness. Two main categories of factors are discerned: those associated with the estimation of developmental stability through fluctuating asymmetry and those associated with the effects of genotype and environment on developmental stability. Next, we describe a series of statistical tools that have recently been developed to help reduce this noise. We argue that the current lack of a theoretical framework that predicts if and when relationships with developmental stability can be expected, urges for further theoretical and empirical research, such as on the genetic architecture of developmental stability in stressed populations. If the underlying developmental mechanisms are better understood, statistical patterns of asymmetry variation may become a biologically meaningful tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Lens
- Dept of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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34
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Irwin RE. Field and allozyme studies investigating optimal mating success in two sympatric spring-ephemeral plants, Trillium erectum and T. grandiflorum. Heredity (Edinb) 2001; 87:178-89. [PMID: 11703508 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of field experiments and allozyme studies was used to test whether two spring-ephemeral plants growing in eastern North America, Trillium erectum and T. grandiflorum (Liliaceae), exhibited an optimal outcrossing distance for fruit and seed production. Furthermore, the spatial genetic structure of the Trillium populations was examined in light of the outcrossing results. In field experiments, recipient plants were pollinated with either self pollen or with pollen from donors growing 1 m, 10 m, 100 m, and 1500 m away. These distances represented crosses between individuals growing within the same population (1 m, 10 m, and 100 m crosses) and between individuals growing in different populations (1500 m crosses). Self-pollinated T. erectum and T. grandiflorum produced 71% and 89% fewer seeds, respectively, than all other outcrossing treatments. However, there were no significant differences among outcrossing treatments for fruit or seed production. As neither T. erectum nor T. grandiflorum exhibited an optimal outcrossing distance for fruit or seed production, it was predicted that populations of the two would not demonstrate strong spatial genetic structure or isolation by distance. The allozyme results only partially supported the patterns revealed in the outcrossing treatments. Populations of T. erectum and T. grandiflorum showed moderate spatial genetic differentiation based on F-statistics, and only T. grandiflorum exhibited significant isolation by distance based on spatial autocorrelation analyses. The lack of optimal outcrossing distances and the patterns of allozyme variation in T. erectum and T. grandiflorum populations may be attributed to a number of factors, including active seed dispersal by ants, rare long-distance gene-flow events, post-pollination and post-fertilization selection, and/or the severity of inbreeding depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Irwin
- Biology Department, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0086, USA.
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35
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Lens L, Van Dongen S, Galbusera P, Schenck T, Matthysen E, Van De Casteele T. Developmental instability and inbreeding in natural bird populations exposed to different levels of habitat disturbance. J Evol Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Gilligan DM, Woodworth LM, Montgomery ME, Nurthen RK, Briscoe DA, Frankham R. Can fluctuating asymmetry be used to detect inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in endangered populations? Anim Conserv 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2000.tb00234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Vøllestad LA, Hindar K, Møller AP. A meta-analysis of fluctuating asymmetry in relation to heterozygosity. Heredity (Edinb) 1999; 83 ( Pt 2):206-18. [PMID: 10469209 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1999.00555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry, the random departure from perfect bilateral symmetry, is a common measure of developmental instability that has been hypothesized to be inversely correlated with heterozygosity. Although this claim has been widely repeated, several studies have reported no such association. Therefore, we test the generality of this association, using meta-analysis, by converting test statistics for the relationship between heterozygosity (H) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) into a common effect size, the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. We have analysed a database containing 41 studies with a total of 118 individual samples. Overall we found an unweighted mean negative effect size; r=-0.09 (i. e. a negative correlation between H and FA). Significant heterogeneity in effect size was mainly caused by a difference between ectothermic and endothermic animals, and to a lesser extent by the use of different study designs (i.e. within-population vs. among-populations). Mean effect size for endothermic animals was positive and significantly different from the mean effect size for ectothermic animals. Only for within-population studies of ectothermic animals did we find a significantly negative effect size (r=-0.23 +/- 0.09). The distribution of effect sizes in relation to sample size provided little evidence for patterns typical of those produced by publication bias. Our analysis suggests, at best, only a weak association between H and FA, and heterozygosity seems to explain only a very small amount of the variation in developmental instability among individuals and populations (r2=0.01 for the total material).
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Vøllestad
- Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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38
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Alados CL, Escós J, Emlen JM. Fluctuating asymmetry and fractal dimension of the sagittal suture as indicators of inbreeding depression in dama and dorcas gazelles. CAN J ZOOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/z95-231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of inbreeding on the developmental instability of skulls of dorcas (Gazella dorcas) and dama (G. dama) gazelles were investigated. In total, 132 dorcas gazelle skulls and 74 dama gazelle skulls from the Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas in Almera, Spain, were measured. The fluctuating asymmetry of 9 meristic characters, consisting of the numbers of foramina on the two sides of the skull and mandible, was calculated. Although only the foramen infraorbitalis showed a significant increase in asymmetry with inbreeding in dorcas gazelles, the sum of the foramina in 5 of the skull regions clearly indicates an increase in asymmetry with inbreeding in both dorcas and dama gazelles. The fractal dimension of the sagittal suture was calculated by means of the coastline method. A greater effect of inbreeding on the sagittal suture in dama than in dorcas gazelle was observed, in concordance with the more evident deleterious effects of inbreeding depression in dama than in dorcas gazelles.
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Alibert P, Renaud S, Dod B, Bonhomme F, Auffray JC. Fluctuating asymmetry in the Mus musculus hybrid zone: a heterotic effect in disrupted co-adapted genomes. Proc Biol Sci 1994; 258:53-9. [PMID: 7997458 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1994.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental stability reflects the organism's ability to buffer minor developmental accidents and is often estimated by measuring the fluctuating asymmetry. Either implicitly or explicitly, numerous authors have assumed that developmental stability is correlated with overall fitness. If this is the case, changes in morphological asymmetry across a hybrid zone could be used as a measure of the selection on hybrid genomes. Developmental stability in hybrid populations is theoretically related to the genetic distance between hybridizing taxa, and results from a balance between the stabilizing effect due to increased heterozygosity and the disruptive effect caused by breakdown of genomic co-adaptation. Here we have compared the amount of fluctuating asymmetry across a transect of the hybrid zone between the two European subspecies of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. musculus) in Denmark. For the first time in any natural hybrid zone we found an increased developmental stability in the populations with mixed genomes. Moreover, the apparently beneficial effect of hybridization on the developmental stability of the hybrid mice contrasts with the results of both genetic and parasitological studies which show that hybrid dysgenesis occurs in this zone. Our results suggest that the barrier to gene flow in the Mus musculus hybrid zone may result from the disruption of relatively few gene systems. They also lead us to reassess the relation between developmental stability expressed as fluctuating asymmetry, co-adaptation and overall fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alibert
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, URA 327 CNRS, Université Montpellier II, France
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Fowler K, Whitlock MC. Fluctuating asymmetry does not increase with moderate inbreeding in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity (Edinb) 1994; 73 ( Pt 4):373-6. [PMID: 7989217 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1994.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry, the unsigned difference between character values on the left and right sides of an individual, is often thought to be highly correlated with the heterozygosity of individuals or populations. A large sample of Drosophila melanogaster individuals with an inbreeding coefficient of F = 0.25 was derived from a laboratory population and compared to a sample of outbred individuals for the fluctuating asymmetry of sternopleural bristle number. Inbred flies were not more asymmetric than outbred flies. There was no evidence for heritability of fluctuating asymmetry, as measured by variance among full-sib lines. Fluctuating asymmetry may not be a reliable measure of the degree of inbreeding at the relatively low levels found in most animal populations and should be used with caution in the management of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fowler
- Institute of Cell, Animal, and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, U.K
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42
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Fluctuating asymmetry inMacaca fascicularis: A study of the etiology of developmental noise. INT J PRIMATOL 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02192775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Lack of correlation between heterozygosity and fitness in forked fungus beetles. Heredity (Edinb) 1993. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1993.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Livshits G, Smouse PE. Relationship between fluctuating asymmetry, morphological modality and heterozygosity in an elderly Israeli population. Genetica 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02424511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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47
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Zakharov VM. Appearance, fixation and stabilisation of environmentally induced phenotypic changes as a microevolutionary event. Genetica 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02424516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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The genetic basis of developmental stability. I. Relationships between stability, heterozygosity and genomic coadaptation. Genetica 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02424502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Markow TA. Genetics and developmental stability: an integrative conjecture on aetiology and neurobiology of schizophrenia. Psychol Med 1992; 22:295-305. [PMID: 1615099 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291700030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
A model is proposed to explain the etiology of pathological handedness. Developmental instability, caused by elevated genotypic homozygosity, environmental disturbances, or their interaction, overrides programmed laterality and handedness in the same way that it perturbs the bilaterally symmetrical expression of morphological and metric traits. The model predicts that pathological handedness should be elevated among individuals with higher than average homozygosity and individuals who have developed under unfavorable uterine environments. Suggestions are offered for specific populations in which the predictions may be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Markow
- Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1501
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