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Tharakan T, Kallogjeri D, Piccirillo JF. Clinical studies in COVID-related olfactory disorders: Review of an institutional experience. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 10:129-136. [PMID: 38855285 PMCID: PMC11156682 DOI: 10.1002/wjo2.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To share a single institutional experience with clinical research on COVID-related olfactory dysfunction (OD). Data Source/Method Narrative review of published original data and ongoing clinical trials on COVID-related OD at Washington University from 2020 to 2023. Results There were three new diagnostic-/patient-reported outcome measures developed and tested. We report five clinical trials of interventions for COVID-related olfactory disorders: combined Visual-Olfactory Training (VOLT) with patient-preferred scents versus standard olfactory training (VOLT trial), oral gabapentin versus placebo (Gabapentin for the Relief of Acquired Chemosensory Experience trial), nasal theophylline irrigations versus placebo (Smell Changes and Efficacy of Nasal Theophylline trial), stellate ganglion block (single-arm), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) versus lifestyle intervention (MBSR trial). Conclusions Initial intervention trials for COVID-related OD have shown potential for improving subjective and objective olfactory outcomes. However, there remains no gold standard treatment that definitively outperforms placebo in controlled trials. Therefore, continued investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for COVID-related OD is necessary to maximize olfactory outcomes for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tharakan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Outcomes Research Office, School of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Outcomes Research Office, School of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jay F. Piccirillo
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Clinical Outcomes Research Office, School of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
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Godara M, Hecht M, Singer T. Training-related improvements in mental well-being through reduction in negative interpretation bias: A randomized trial of online socio-emotional dyadic and mindfulness interventions. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:662-672. [PMID: 38484880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of online contemplative practices, especially partner-based practices, on psychological well-being remain mixed, with sparse understanding of potential affective-cognitive mechanisms. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of two online contemplative interventions in improving depression, anxiety, emotion regulation (ER), and resilience, and to evaluate the mechanistic role of negative attention and interpretation biases. METHODS Employing a randomized controlled design (n = 285), we compared the efficacy of 10-week online mindfulness-based and partner-based socio-emotional dyadic interventions, both supported by weekly coaching sessions. Mental health aspects were assessed using validated self-report measures and negative biases using the mouse-contingent Scrambled Sentences Task. RESULTS Both interventions, compared to waitlist control, led to reductions in depression and ER difficulties, while trait anxiety decreased only after mindfulness training. Increases in multidimensional resilience were observed only after socio-emotional training and in stress recovery only after mindfulness-based training, both compared to waitlist control. Socio-emotional training led to significant reductions in negative interpretation bias and this mediated reductions in depression and trait anxiety. Neither training led to reductions in state anxiety or negative attention bias. LIMITATIONS The subclinical nature and overrepresentation of females in the sample limits generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that online mindfulness-based and socio-emotional partner-based interventions, supported by online coaching sessions, can reduce depression and ER difficulties. Though mindfulness practice reduced trait anxiety and enhanced stress recovery, socio-emotional training increased multidimensional resilience. Socio-emotional training reduced negative interpretation bias, which emerged as an intervention-specific mechanism. These findings highlight the potential benefits of online contemplative intervention approaches for psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika Godara
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Hecht
- Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
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van Tilburg MAL, Monis EL, Braumann RE, Fleishman K, Lamm K. Hypnotherapy as a medical treatment: Evidence-based or pseudoscience? Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 55:101841. [PMID: 38387324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypnotherapy continues to be a controversial practice in medicine. It is surrounded by myth and misuses that instill doubts about its legitimacy and usefulness. PURPOSE In this paper, we will distinguish pseudoscientific claims from evidence-based uses of hypnotherapy. RESULTS The use and acceptability of hypnotherapy has varied over history. Pseudoscientific uses, based on outdated theories that it can access the unconscious mind, have delegitimized hypnotherapy. Modern theories that hypnosis uses common social, emotional, and cognitive processes combined with evidence-based methods have re-established the use of hypnotherapy in many physical and mental health disorders and symptoms. Currently it is a widely accepted and recommended treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, with evidence building for many other applications. CONCLUSION Hypnotherapy, as a pseudoscience, can become unethical and cause distress for the patient and their families. Hypnotherapy, as an evidence-based treatment, can be used as a powerful tool to treat physical and psychological symptoms related to medical ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A L van Tilburg
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA; Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth L Monis
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Ryan E Braumann
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Fleishman
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Lamm
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
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Reynolds KA, Sommer JL, Roy R, Kornelsen J, Mackenzie CS, El-Gabalawy R. A Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Preoperative Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Experiences. Pain Manag Nurs 2024:S1524-9042(24)00144-9. [PMID: 38697887 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We qualitatively explored the impact of preoperative mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on total knee arthroplasty (TKA) experiences. Participants (n = 10) who received MBSR prior to TKA participated in semi-structured interviews concerning their experiences with MBSR and its perceived impact on surgery. We analyzed interviews according to reflexive thematic analysis, and coded data into three main themes: 1) Impact of MBSR on surgery experiences; 2) Contributors to change; and 3) Motivations for participation. Participants noted they were able to relax, feel more confident, and cope more effectively during the preoperative period, and that others in their lives noticed positive changes following their participation in MBSR. Participants' openness to mindfulness and health-related beliefs and may have contributed to the positive impacts they experienced from MBSR. Participants described being motivated to participate in MBSR to help them prepare for their surgery and to learn new coping strategies. Participants described a strong level of commitment to the intervention. With further research, integration of MBSR into prehabilitation for TKA may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada.
| | - Jordana L Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 0Z2, Canada
| | - Rachel Roy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 0Z2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kornelsen
- Department of Radiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Corey S Mackenzie
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada
| | - Renée El-Gabalawy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 0Z2, Canada; Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 3N4, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba, Manitoba, R3E 0V9, Canada
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Gao Y, Shi L, Fu N, Yang N, Weeks-Gariepy T, Mao Y. Mobile-Delivered Mindfulness Intervention on Anxiety Level Among College Athletes: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e40406. [PMID: 38457201 PMCID: PMC10960210 DOI: 10.2196/40406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College athletes are a group often affected by anxiety. Few interventional studies have been conducted to address the anxiety issues in this population. OBJECTIVE We conducted a mobile-delivered mindfulness intervention among college athletes to study its feasibility and efficacy in lowering their anxiety level and improving their mindfulness (measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [FFMQ]). METHODS In April 2019, we recruited 290 college athletes from a public university in Shanghai, China, and 288 of them were randomized into an intervention group and a control group (closed trial), with the former (n=150) receiving a therapist-guided, smartphone-delivered mindfulness-based intervention and the latter receiving mental health promotion messages (n=138). We offered in-person instructions during the orientation session for the intervention group in a classroom, with the therapist interacting with the participants on the smartphone platform later during the intervention. We used generalized linear modeling and the intent-to-treat approach to compare the 2 groups' outcomes in dispositional anxiety, precompetition anxiety, and anxiety during competition, plus the 5 dimensions of mindfulness (measured by the FFMQ). RESULTS Our intent-to-treat analysis and generalized linear modeling found no significant difference in dispositional anxiety, precompetition anxiety, or anxiety during competition. Only the "observation" facet of mindfulness measures had a notable difference between the changes experienced by the 2 groups, whereby the intervention group had a net gain of .214 yet fell short of reaching statistical significance (P=.09). Participants who specialized in group sports had a higher level of anxiety (β=.19; SE=.08), a lower level of "nonjudgemental inner experience" in FFMQ (β=-.07; SE=.03), and a lower level of "nonreactivity" (β=-.138; SE=.052) than those specializing in individual sports. CONCLUSIONS No significant reduction in anxiety was detected in this study. Based on the participant feedback, the time availability for mindfulness practice and session attendance for these student athletes in an elite college could have compromised the intervention's effectiveness. Future interventions among this population could explore a more student-friendly time schedule (eg, avoid final exam time) or attempt to improve cognitive and scholastic outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900024449; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=40865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Health Science, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ning Fu
- School of Public Administration and Emergency Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Tracy Weeks-Gariepy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Yuping Mao
- Department of Communication Studies, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States
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Rees K, Takeda A, Court R, Kudrna L, Hartley L, Ernst E. Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 2:CD013358. [PMID: 38358047 PMCID: PMC10867897 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013358.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions incorporating meditation to address stress, anxiety, and depression, and improve self-management, are becoming popular for many health conditions. Stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and clusters with other modifiable behavioural risk factors, such as smoking. Meditation may therefore be a useful CVD prevention strategy. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of meditation, primarily mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and transcendental meditation (TM), for the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases, and two trials registers on 14 November 2021, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of 12 weeks or more in adults at high risk of CVD and those with established CVD. We explored four comparisons: MBIs versus active comparators (alternative interventions); MBIs versus non-active comparators (no intervention, wait list, usual care); TM versus active comparators; TM versus non-active comparators. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were CVD clinical events (e.g. cardiovascular mortality), blood pressure, measures of psychological distress and well-being, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included other CVD risk factors (e.g. blood lipid levels), quality of life, and coping abilities. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 81 RCTs (6971 participants), with most studies at unclear risk of bias. MBIs versus active comparators (29 RCTs, 2883 participants) Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were reported in six trials (388 participants) where heterogeneity was considerable (SBP: MD -6.08 mmHg, 95% CI -12.79 to 0.63, I2 = 88%; DBP: MD -5.18 mmHg, 95% CI -10.65 to 0.29, I2 = 91%; both outcomes based on low-certainty evidence). There was little or no effect of MBIs on anxiety (SMD -0.06 units, 95% CI -0.25 to 0.13; I2 = 0%; 9 trials, 438 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), or depression (SMD 0.08 units, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.24; I2 = 0%; 11 trials, 595 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Perceived stress was reduced with MBIs (SMD -0.24 units, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.03; I2 = 0%; P = 0.03; 6 trials, 357 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was little to no effect on well-being (SMD -0.18 units, 95% CI -0.67 to 0.32; 1 trial, 63 participants; low-certainty evidence). There was little to no effect on smoking cessation (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.68; I2 = 79%; 6 trials, 1087 participants; low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reported CVD clinical events or adverse events. MBIs versus non-active comparators (38 RCTs, 2905 participants) Clinical events were reported in one trial (110 participants), providing very low-certainty evidence (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.37 to 2.42). SBP and DBP were reduced in nine trials (379 participants) but heterogeneity was substantial (SBP: MD -6.62 mmHg, 95% CI -13.15 to -0.1, I2 = 87%; DBP: MD -3.35 mmHg, 95% CI -5.86 to -0.85, I2 = 61%; both outcomes based on low-certainty evidence). There was low-certainty evidence of reductions in anxiety (SMD -0.78 units, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.41; I2 = 61%; 9 trials, 533 participants; low-certainty evidence), depression (SMD -0.66 units, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.41; I2 = 67%; 15 trials, 912 participants; low-certainty evidence) and perceived stress (SMD -0.59 units, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.29; I2 = 70%; 11 trials, 708 participants; low-certainty evidence) but heterogeneity was substantial. Well-being increased (SMD 0.5 units, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.91; I2 = 47%; 2 trials, 198 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). There was little to no effect on smoking cessation (RR 1.36, 95% CI 0.86 to 2.13; I2 = 0%; 2 trials, 453 participants; low-certainty evidence). One small study (18 participants) reported two adverse events in the MBI group, which were not regarded as serious by the study investigators (RR 5.0, 95% CI 0.27 to 91.52; low-certainty evidence). No subgroup effects were seen for SBP, DBP, anxiety, depression, or perceived stress by primary and secondary prevention. TM versus active comparators (8 RCTs, 830 participants) Clinical events were reported in one trial (201 participants) based on low-certainty evidence (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.49). SBP was reduced (MD -2.33 mmHg, 95% CI -3.99 to -0.68; I2 = 2%; 8 trials, 774 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), with an uncertain effect on DBP (MD -1.15 mmHg, 95% CI -2.85 to 0.55; I2 = 53%; low-certainty evidence). There was little or no effect on anxiety (SMD 0.06 units, 95% CI -0.22 to 0.33; I2 = 0%; 3 trials, 200 participants; low-certainty evidence), depression (SMD -0.12 units, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.07; I2 = 0%; 5 trials, 421 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), or perceived stress (SMD 0.04 units, 95% CI -0.49 to 0.57; I2 = 70%; 3 trials, 194 participants; very low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reported adverse events or smoking rates. No subgroup effects were seen for SBP or DBP by primary and secondary prevention. TM versus non-active comparators (2 RCTs, 186 participants) Two trials (139 participants) reported blood pressure, where reductions were seen in SBP (MD -6.34 mmHg, 95% CI -9.86 to -2.81; I2 = 0%; low-certainty evidence) and DBP (MD -5.13 mmHg, 95% CI -9.07 to -1.19; I2 = 18%; very low-certainty evidence). One trial (112 participants) reported anxiety and depression and found reductions in both (anxiety SMD -0.71 units, 95% CI -1.09 to -0.32; depression SMD -0.48 units, 95% CI -0.86 to -0.11; low-certainty evidence). None of the trials reported CVD clinical events, adverse events, or smoking rates. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies included in the review, heterogeneity was substantial for many of the outcomes, which reduced the certainty of our findings. We attempted to address this by presenting four main comparisons of MBIs or TM versus active or inactive comparators, and by subgroup analyses according to primary or secondary prevention, where there were sufficient studies. The majority of studies were small and there was unclear risk of bias for most domains. Overall, we found very little information on the effects of meditation on CVD clinical endpoints, and limited information on blood pressure and psychological outcomes, for people at risk of or with established CVD. This is a very active area of research as shown by the large number of ongoing studies, with some having been completed at the time of writing this review. The status of all ongoing studies will be formally assessed and incorporated in further updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rees
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Rachel Court
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Laura Kudrna
- Institute of Applied Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Drozd F, Pettersen Sandtrø H, Leksbø TS, Haga SM, Jacobsen H, Størksen HT. Identifying and developing strategies for implementation of a guided internet- and mobile-based infant sleep intervention in well-baby and community mental health clinics using group concept mapping. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:175. [PMID: 38326797 PMCID: PMC10851561 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify strategies for the implementation of a guided internet- and mobile-based intervention (IMI) for infant sleep problems ("Sleep Well, Little Sweetheart") in well-baby and community mental health clinics. STUDY DESIGN We used group concept mapping, a two-phased mixed methods approach, conducted as a two-day workshop in each clinic. We recruited 20 participants from four clinics and collected sorting and rating data for implementation strategies based on the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy and brainstorming sessions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis to create cluster maps, laddergrams, and Go-Zone graphs. Participants were presented with the results and discussed and interpreted the findings at each of the clinics in spring 2022. RESULTS Participants identified 10 clusters of strategies, of which Training, Embedding and Coherence, User Involvement and Participation, and Clinician Support and Implementation Counseling were rated as most important and feasible. Economy and Funding and Interactive and Interdisciplinary Collaboration were rated significantly lower on importance and feasibility compared to many of the clusters (all ps < 0.05). There was a correlation between the importance and feasibility ratings (r =.62, p =.004). CONCLUSIONS The use of group concept mapping made it possible to efficiently examine well-baby and community clinics' perspectives on complex issues, and to acquire specific knowledge to allow for the planning and prioritization of strategies for implementation. These results suggest areas of priority for the implementation of IMIs related to infant sleep problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was pre-registered at Open Science Framework ( www.osf.io/emct8 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Drozd
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, N-0405, Nydalen, Oslo, PO Box 4623, Norway.
| | - Hege Pettersen Sandtrø
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, N-0405, Nydalen, Oslo, PO Box 4623, Norway
| | - Turid Skjerve Leksbø
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, N-0405, Nydalen, Oslo, PO Box 4623, Norway
| | - Silje Marie Haga
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, N-0405, Nydalen, Oslo, PO Box 4623, Norway
| | - Heidi Jacobsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, N-0405, Nydalen, Oslo, PO Box 4623, Norway
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Maloney S, Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy-Taking it Further (MBCT-TiF) compared to Ongoing Mindfulness Practice (OMP) in the promotion of well-being and mental health: A randomised controlled trial with graduates of MBCT and MBSR. Behav Res Ther 2024; 173:104478. [PMID: 38244384 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy-Taking it Further (MBCT-TiF), as an adapted programme for graduates of MBCT and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). MBCT-TiF sits within a global mental health approach, which aims to help shift a wider distribution of the population towards mental well-being and away from mental ill health using a family of MBCT curricula. The primary hypothesis was that MBCT-TiF, compared to Ongoing Mindfulness Practice (OMP), would help MBCT/MBSR graduates improve their mental well-being. METHOD A parallel RCT with repeated measures was conducted. 164 graduates of MBCT/MBSR were randomly assigned (1:1) to either MBCT-TiF or OMP. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05154266). RESULTS Of the 164 graduates recruited, 83 were randomly assigned to MBCT-TiF and 81 to OMP. MBCT-TiF was significantly more effective than OMP at improving mental well-being, with large effects post-intervention (B = 6.25; 95% CI = [4.20, 8.29]; Cohen's d = 0.78). No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS The findings support MBCT-TiF, in the context of the proposed global mental health approach, to help MBCT/MBSR graduates sustain mental health benefits and experience further gains in mental well-being after completing an introductory MBCT/MBSR programme. Future work should consider mechanisms and longer follow-up measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX, UK
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX, UK; Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX, UK.
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Kirykowicz K, Jaworski B, Owen J, Kirschbaum C, Seedat S, van den Heuvel LL. Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a mental health self-management app in clinicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115493. [PMID: 37778231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affected the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. Mental health app interventions (MHAIs) may offer appropriate and accessible means to support HCWs' mental health. We conducted a pilot randomised controlled crossover trial involving 34 clinicians randomised to either a MHAI or a waitlisted group. After one month, outcome assessments were repeated and the waitlisted group then crossed over to the MHAI; they again completed outcome assessments after a month. The primary outcomes were feasibility, assessed with the Systems Usability Scale (SUS), and acceptability, assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ). Secondary outcomes included efficacy for various mental health parameters. The SUS and CSQ scores indicated above average feasibility and acceptability. There was a significant difference in anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up between the groups, with greater improvement in the MHAI group. The groups differed in resilience and patient-related burnout from baseline to 1-month follow-up, with a trend towards significance, with greater improvements in the MHAI group. Anxiety and acute stress disorder severity improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention. We demonstrated that MHAIs hold potential for improving well-being of HCWs, although these findings will need to be replicated in adequately powered trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Kirykowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Beth Jaworski
- The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; NCPTSD - 334; 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Jason Owen
- The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; NCPTSD - 334; 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden D - 01062, Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Santa Maria D, Cuccaro P, Bender K, Sibinga E, Guerrero N, Keshwani N, Jones J, Fine M. Adapting an evidence-based mindfulness-based intervention for sheltered youth experiencing homelessness. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:366. [PMID: 37848846 PMCID: PMC10583326 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face challenges that impact their physical, mental, and social wellbeing, emotion regulation, and coping. Mindfulness reduces stress and improves resilience, emotion regulation, and executive functioning. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) teach the practice of mindfulness to foster present-moment attention without judgement and enhance self-observation and self-regulation, resulting in greater awareness of thoughts and emotions and improved interpersonal relationships. One such intervention, .b, has been shown to lower stress among youth. While a pilot study of .b among sheltered youth found the intervention to be feasible, the need for modifications was identified to improve its relevance, accessibility, and incorporate a trauma-informed approach. METHODS We used the ADAPT-ITT (Assessment, Decisions, Administration, Production, Topical experts, Integration, Training staff, and Testing) framework to adapt the .b mindfulness intervention to YEH living in an emergency shelter. Nine focus group discussions (n = 56), key informant interviews (n = 8), and beta testing with five youth working group sessions (n = 10) identified needed modifications. RESULTS Adaptations to the curriculum and delivery modality were made to approximate the average length of stay in the shelter; integrate trauma-informed care approaches; increase diversity of images by race, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, and gender identity; and increase the relevance of the audio-visual components. CONCLUSIONS Youth and the health and social services providers who care for youth generally liked the core concepts and presentation of the curriculum. Using the ADAPT-ITT framework, minor, yet important, changes were made to increase the relevance, acceptability, and feasibility of the intervention. Next steps are to conduct a randomized attention control pilot study to assess feasibility and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Santa Maria
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Cizik School of Nursing, 6901 Bertner Ave, Houston, Texas, 77030, United States.
| | - Paula Cuccaro
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, USA
| | - Kimberly Bender
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Erica Sibinga
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Natalie Guerrero
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Najiba Keshwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Jennifer Jones
- Center for Nursing Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Cizik School of Nursing, Houston, USA
| | - Micki Fine
- Certified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Teacher by University of Massachusetts Medical Center Mindful Living, Worcester, USA
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Ivanova MY, Hall A, Weinberger S, Buckingham SL, Copeland WE, Crockett P, Dainer-Best J, D'Alberto C, Dewey L, Foret D, Galano M, Goodrich L, Holly L, Lane N, Leahey M, Lerner M, Marsh J, McGinnis E, Paiva-Salisbury M, Shaw JS, Swift P, Tinker R, Hudziak JJ. The Vermont Family Based Approach in Primary Care Pediatrics: Effects on Children's and Parents' Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Parents' Health-Related Quality of Life. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1297-1308. [PMID: 35246775 PMCID: PMC9793330 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial tested the Vermont Family Based Approach (VFBA) in primary care pediatrics. The VFBA is a model of healthcare delivery that shifts the focus from the individual to the family, emphasizes emotional and behavioral health, and uses evidence-based health promotion/prevention along with the treatment of emotional and behavioral problems. Participants were 81 families of 3-15-year-olds. For children, the VFBA was associated with greater reductions than the Control condition on the Child Behavior Checklist Emotionally Reactive, Withdrawn, Sleep Problems, Aggressive Behavior and Total Problems scales. For parents, the VFBA was associated with greater reductions than the Control condition on the Adult Self-Report Anxious/Depressed, Rule-Breaking Behavior, Internalizing Problems and Total Problems scales. The VFBA was also associated with greater improvement than the Control condition in the parents' health-related quality of life, as indicated by all scales of the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masha Y Ivanova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Allison Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Sara L Buckingham
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | | | - Phoenix Crockett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren Dewey
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - DeShan Foret
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Maria Galano
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Goodrich
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lindsay Holly
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nalini Lane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maureen Leahey
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mathew Lerner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jasmine Marsh
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ellen McGinnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Judith S Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Pamela Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rebekah Tinker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - James J Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Schiepek G, Marinell T, Aichhorn W, Schöller H, Harrer ME. Features of Self-Organization during the Process of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A Single Case Study. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1403. [PMID: 37895524 PMCID: PMC10606147 DOI: 10.3390/e25101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the extensive evidence of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions, there is only a limited understanding of their mechanisms of change. The three aims of this study are (1) to identify features of self-organization during the process (e.g., pattern transitions), (2) to obtain an impression of the effects of continuous self-assessments and feedback sessions on mindfulness-related stress reduction, and (3) to test the feasibility of high-frequency process monitoring and process feedback. Concerning aim (1), the specific hypothesis is that change will occur as a cascade of discontinuous pattern transitions emerging spontaneously in the sense of not being a reaction to external input. This single case study describes changing patterns of multiple time series that were produced by app-based daily self-assessments during and after an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program. After this MBSR program, the participant (a female nurse) continued the self-assessment and the mindfulness practice for a further 10 months. The results confirm findings on the positive effects of mindfulness programs for healthcare professionals, especially on coping with work-related stress. The analysis of the time series data supports the hypothesis of self-organization as a possible mechanism of change manifesting as a cascade of phase transitions in the dynamics of a biopsychosocial system. At the end of the year, the participant reported a beneficial impact of daily monitoring and systematic feedback on the change process. The results underline the feasibility and usefulness of continuous high-frequency monitoring during and after mindfulness interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Schiepek
- Institute of Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Psychology and Education Science, Ludwig-Maximilian University, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tatjana Marinell
- Certified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Teacher, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Aichhorn
- Institute of Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Schöller
- Institute of Synergetics and Psychotherapy Research, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- University Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Goldsmith ES, Koffel E, Ackland PE, Hill J, Landsteiner A, Miller W, Stroebel B, Ullman K, Wilt TJ, Duan-Porter WD. Evaluation of Implementation Strategies for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR): a Systematic Review. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:2782-2791. [PMID: 37012538 PMCID: PMC10069727 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving access to evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) is a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) priority. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) are effective for chronic pain and several mental health conditions. We synthesized evidence on implementation strategies to increase EBP access and use. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception until March 2021 for articles on EBP implementation within integrated health systems to treat chronic pain or chronic mental health conditions. Reviewers independently screened articles, extracted results, coded qualitative findings, and rated quality using modified criteria from Newcastle-Ottawa (quantitative results) or Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (qualitative results). We categorized implementation strategies using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework and classified outcomes using RE-AIM domains (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance). RESULTS Twelve articles (reporting results from 10 studies) evaluated CBT (k = 11) and ACT (k = 1) implementation strategies in large integrated healthcare systems. No studies evaluated MBSR implementation. Eight articles evaluated strategies within VHA. Six articles reported on national VHA EBP implementation programs; all involved training/education, facilitation, and audit/feedback. CBT and ACT implementation demonstrated moderate to large improvements in patient symptoms and quality of life. Trainings increased mental health provider self-efficacy in delivering EBPs, improved provider EBP perceptions, and increased provider EBP use during programs, but had unclear impacts on Reach. It was unclear whether external facilitation added benefit. Provider EBP maintenance was modest; barriers included competing professional time demands and patient barriers. DISCUSSION Multi-faceted CBT and ACT implementation programs increased provider EBP Adoption but had unclear impacts on Reach. Future implementation efforts should further evaluate Reach, Adoption, and Maintenance; assess the added value of external facilitation; and consider strategies targeting patient barriers. Future work should use implementation frameworks to guide evaluations of barriers and facilitators, processes of change, and outcomes. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42021252038.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Goldsmith
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Erin Koffel
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Princess E Ackland
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Hill
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne Landsteiner
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wendy Miller
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Stroebel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California - San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Ullman
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilt
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wei Denise Duan-Porter
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, One Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Krieger JF, Kristensen E, Marquardsen M, Ofer S, Mortensen EL, Giraldi A. Mindfulness in sex therapy and intimate relationships: a feasibility and randomized controlled pilot study in a cross-diagnostic group. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfad033. [PMID: 37465532 PMCID: PMC10350486 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mindfulness facets can be trained with structured mindfulness interventions, but little is known regarding application on a broader level within sex therapy (e.g. men, partners and different sexual dysfunctions). Aim To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an 8-week intervention-specifically, mindfulness for sex and intimacy in relationships (MSIR)-as a supplement to treatment as usual (TAU) as compared with only TAU in a clinical sample of men and women referred for sexual difficulties with or without a partner. Methods In this randomized controlled feasibility pilot study, 34 participants were randomized to MSIR + TAU (n = 15) or TAU (n = 19). Six healthy partners were also included in the study. MSIR was administered as 2 individual evaluations and six 2-hour group sessions of mixed gender and different types of sexual dysfunction. Outcomes The primary outcome measures were as follows: (1) feasibility, defined as the implementation of recruitment, acceptance, and attendance of intervention in daily clinical practice and the MSIR completion rate; (2) sexual functioning, as measured on a visual analog scale ("bothered by problem") and by validated questionnaires (Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire for Females and Males, Female Sexual Function Index, Female Sexual Distress Scale, International Index of Erectile Function). Results MSIR was feasible and well received by patients, with high rates of acceptance and intervention completion. As compared with pretreatment, the MSIR + TAU group and TAU control group were significantly less bothered by their sexual problems at the end of treatment, but the change was significantly larger in the MSIR + TAU group (P = .04). Participants in the MSIR + TAU group did not receive fewer TAU sessions than the TAU group (MSIR + TAU mean, 6 sessions; TAU mean, 8 sessions). Clinical Implications MSIR could be effectively used in a clinical setting as an add-on to TAU in the treatment of female and male sexual dysfunction and healthy partners. Strengths and Limitations The major strength of the study is that it is a randomized controlled study. This study is novel in the sense that it included men and women with different types of sexual dysfunction in the same mindfulness group. Limitations include the pilot nature of the study (e.g. a small sample size), and statistical conclusions should be made with caution. More accurate results may be found in a larger sample. Conclusion Results from this study support already existing evidence that mindfulness-based interventions are feasible and effective for targeting sexual dysfunctions in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fregerslev Krieger
- Corresponding author: Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 14, 2200 Copenhagen N.
| | - Ellids Kristensen
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Marquardsen
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark 2200, Denmark
| | - Shlomy Ofer
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services - Capital Region of Denmark 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Mettler J, Khoury B, Zito S, Sadowski I, Heath NL. Mindfulness-based programs and school adjustment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sch Psychol 2023; 97:43-62. [PMID: 36914366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) are increasingly used in educational institutions to enhance students' mental health and resilience. However, reviews of the literature suggest this use may have outpaced the evidence base and further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these programs' effectiveness and which outcomes are being affected. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the strength of MBPs' effects on school adjustment and mindfulness outcomes while also considering the potential influence of study and program characteristics, including the role of comparison groups, students' educational level, the type of program being used, and the facilitator's training and previous mindfulness experience. Following a systematic review of five databases, 46 studies using a randomized controlled design with students from preschool to undergraduate levels were selected. At post-program, the effect of MBPs compared to control groups was (a) small for overall school adjustment outcomes, academic performance, and impulsivity; (b) small to moderate for attention; and (c) moderate for mindfulness. No differences emerged for interpersonal skills, school functioning, or student behaviour. The effects of MBPs on overall school adjustment and mindfulness differed based on students' educational level and the type of program being delivered. Moreover, only MBPs delivered by outside facilitators with previous experience of mindfulness had significant effects on either school adjustment or mindfulness. This meta-analysis provides promising evidence of the effectiveness of MBPs in educational contexts to improve students' school adjustment outcomes beyond typically assessed psychological benefits, even when using randomized controlled designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mettler
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Bassam Khoury
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Zito
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Isabel Sadowski
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Nancy L Heath
- McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada.
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Ornelas IJ, Rao D, Price C, Chan G, Tran A, Aisenberg G, Perez G, Maurer S, Nelson AK. Promoting mental health in Latina immigrant women: Results from the Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma intervention trial. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115776. [PMID: 36809698 PMCID: PMC9998361 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Latina immigrants are at increased risk of depression and anxiety and limited access to mental health care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA), a community-based intervention to reduce stress and promote mental health among Latina immigrants. METHODS ALMA was evaluated using a delayed intervention comparison group study design. Latina immigrants (N = 226) were recruited from community organizations in King County, Washington from 2018 to 2021. Although originally developed to be delivered in-person, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the intervention was adapted mid-study to be delivered online. Participants completed surveys to assess changes in depression and anxiety post-intervention and at a two-month follow-up. We estimated generalized estimating equation models to assess differences in outcomes across groups, including stratified models for those receiving the intervention in-person or online. RESULTS In adjusted models, participants in the intervention group had lower levels of depressive symptoms than the comparison group post-intervention (β = -1.82, p = 0.01) and at two-month follow-up (β = -1.52, p = 0.01). Anxiety scores decreased for both groups, and there were no significant differences post-intervention or at follow-up. In stratified models, participants in the online intervention group had lower levels of depressive (β = -2.50, p = 0.007) and anxiety (β = -1.86, p = 0.02) symptoms than those in the comparison group, but there were no significant differences among those that received the intervention in-person. CONCLUSIONS Community-based interventions can be effective in preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among Latina immigrant women, even when delivered online. Further research should evaluate the ALMA intervention among larger more diverse Latina immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- India J Ornelas
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Deepa Rao
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, USA.
| | | | - Gary Chan
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA; University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, USA.
| | - Anh Tran
- Duke School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, USA.
| | | | - Georgina Perez
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Serena Maurer
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Adrianne Katrina Nelson
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
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Nosek M, Meade VE. "Holding Space": A Phenomenological Exploration of Mindfulness-Based Practice With Veterans Who Have Experienced Trauma. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36720069 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230126-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The current phenomenological study examined the lived experiences of Veterans who completed a 4-month mindfulness program. One-on-one interviews were conducted with 12 Veterans using a Socratic method of interviewing, which yielded rich contextual narratives. Analysis was guided by a hermeneutic process to disclose concealed meanings. Findings demonstrate how holding space allowed deep healing and are presented under two distinct themes: It's a We Thing! encompasses what being in a community with nonjudgmental others afforded participants; and Quiet Your Mind, Quiet Yourself, Your Body is related to how practices of mindfulness taught participants to cope with daily challenges. Nurses working with Veterans may use mindfulness and peer support interventions to help transform trauma into profound healing and help Veterans find new meaning in life. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Kwan PP, Pike JR, Co DE, Esmundo S, Vaivao DES, May VT, Pang JK, Sabado-Liwag M, Tan NS, Tanjasiri SP, Xie B, Palmer PH. Association Between Stress and Social Support Among Young Adult Pacific Islander Smokers. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2023; 82:31-38. [PMID: 36779006 PMCID: PMC9910195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found high levels of stress among Americans, particularly amongst young adults and ethnic minority groups. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to explore the association between stress and social support among a sample of 276 young adult smokers of Pacific Islander ancestry, specifically Samoans and Tongans with an average age of 25.3 years. Previous research had documented the protective role of social support on stress, and thus it is hypothesized that young adult Pacific Islander smokers who perceived higher levels of social support will have less perceived stress. Social support was assessed using a 12-item scale which measured participant's perceived social support from family, friends, and significant others. Perceived stress was measured using a 10-item scale with 2 subscales - self efficacy and helplessness. Standardized parameter estimates from structural equation modeling indicated a statistically significant inverse relationship between perceived social support from family and perceived stress related to helplessness. More specifically, young adult Samoans and Tongans who report higher levels of social support from family do not feel as much stress stemming from being helpless. The results highlight the importance of family social support on stress management among this population. Most importantly, these findings add to the limited research around mental health within Pacific Islander (Samoan and Tongan) communities in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle Erika Co
- California State University of Northridge, Northridge, CA (PPK, DEC, SE)
| | - Shenazar Esmundo
- California State University of Northridge, Northridge, CA (PPK, DEC, SE)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nasya S. Tan
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA (JRP, NST, BX, PHP)
| | | | - Bin Xie
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA (JRP, NST, BX, PHP)
| | - Paula H. Palmer
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA (JRP, NST, BX, PHP)
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Abbott D, Lack CW, Anderson P. Does Using a Mindfulness App Reduce Anxiety and Worry? A Randomized-Controlled Trial. J Cogn Psychother 2023; 37:26-42. [PMID: 36787997 DOI: 10.1891/jcpsy-d-20-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: the availability of smartphone-based mindfulness training applications (apps) may circumvent many barriers to receiving in-person help, but little controlled research has been conducted on them. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a widely used -mindfulness training app, Headspace, at reducing anxiety and worry. Methods: this study used a randomized-controlled design to examine the app using a 3 (Time; baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks) × 2 (Access; immediate, delayed for 4 weeks) design. Participants who reported moderate to high anxiety or worry were randomly assigned to receive -either -immediate access or delayed access to the app. For null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), analyses of variance were used to test the hypotheses that app access for 4 and 8 weeks would reduce anxiety and worry as compared to waitlist or baseline and that app access for 8 weeks would reduce anxiety and worry as compared to 4 weeks. Bayes estimates were used to -determine the level of evidence for the hypothesis that app access reduces anxiety and worry. Results: four weeks of app access significantly reduced anxiety symptoms, as did 8 weeks, but NHST indicated there were no significant difference between 4 and 8 weeks of access. We failed to reject the null for the analysis of variance on worry, but Bayesian estimates indicated substantial evidence for the hypothesis that the mindfulness training app reduces worry. Conclusions: this research shows that using Headspace can reduce anxiety and worry, but that there does not appear to be a consistent dose relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deah Abbott
- University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Caleb W Lack
- University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Page Anderson
- Georgia State University, Department of Psychology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Farley R, de Diaz NAN, Emerson LM, Simcock G, Donovan C, Farrell LJ. Mindful Parenting Group Intervention for Parents of Children with Anxiety Disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01492-2. [PMID: 36689038 PMCID: PMC9869845 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Parenting behaviour and rearing style contribute to the intergenerational relationship between parental and child anxiety. Current psychological interventions for child anxiety typically do not adequately address parental mental health, parenting behaviours or the parent-child relationship. The current pilot study examines the effectiveness of a mindful parenting intervention (MPI) for parents of young children with clinical anxiety. It was hypothesised that the intervention would be associated with improvements in parental stress, mental health, and mindfulness, and a reduction in child clinical anxiety symptoms. Twenty-one parents of children aged 3-7 years diagnosed with anxiety disorders participated in an 8-week group MPI program that aimed to increase their intentional moment to moment awareness of the parent-child relationship. Parental (anxiety, depression, hostility, stress, burden, mindfulness, mindful parenting) and child (anxiety diagnoses, anxiety severity, comorbidities) outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Parents reported a significant increase in mindful parenting and a significant reduction in parent-child dysfunctional interaction, but no change in mental health symptoms. There was a significant reduction in parent-rated child anxiety symptoms, severity of child anxiety diagnosis and number of comorbid diagnoses at post and 3-month follow-up. Limitations include a lack of waitlist control, small sample size, and participants were largely mothers, from intact families and highly educated. There was attrition of 43% and outcomes were predominantly self-report. MPIs offer a novel and potentially effective method of increasing mindful parenting, decreasing dysfunctional parent-child interactions, reducing parenting stress and might also be an effective early intervention for indirectly decreasing young children's clinical anxiety symptoms. Larger-scale controlled trials of MPIs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Farley
- Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
- School of Applied Psychology, Health Building (G40), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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Crone WC, Kesebir P, Hays B, Mirgain SA, Davidson RJ, Hagness SC. Cultivating well-being in engineering graduate students through mindfulness training. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281994. [PMID: 36947553 PMCID: PMC10032494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The mental health crisis in graduate education combined with low treatment rates among engineering graduate students underscores the need for engineering graduate programs to provide effective methods to promote well-being. There is an extensive body of neuroscience research showing that contemplative practices, such as mindfulness, produce measurable effects on brain function and overall well-being. We hypothesized that a mindfulness-based training program designed for engineering graduate students would improve emotional well-being and, secondarily, enhance research capacity. An initial pilot study was conducted at a single institution (Phase 1), followed by a larger study conducted at both the original and a second institution (Phase 2) to gather additional data and show the program's transferability. The program comprised eight weekly mindfulness training sessions. Individuals in the study were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or wait-list control group. We administered pre- and post-test surveys with quantitative measures designed to assess emotional and physical well-being, as well as creativity, research satisfaction, and desire to contribute to the betterment of society. Participants also completed a summative survey to evaluate the impact of the program on their well-being and research. Analysis revealed statistically significant findings: improved emotional health, decreased neuroticism, increased positive affect, decreased negative affect, and increased mindfulness in the intervention groups compared to the control groups. Intervention groups in Phase 2 also reported statistically significant improvement in satisfaction with their research. Our findings suggest that mindfulness training has the potential to play a vital professional and personal development role in graduate engineering education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C Crone
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pelin Kesebir
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Beverly Hays
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shilagh A Mirgain
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Healthy Minds Innovations, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Susan C Hagness
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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22
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COVID-19: Reducing the risk via diet and lifestyle. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:1-16. [PMID: 36333177 PMCID: PMC9550279 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review shows that relatively simple changes to diet and lifestyle can significantly, and rapidly, reduce the risks associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of infection risk, severity of disease, and even disease-related mortality. A wide range of interventions including regular exercise, adequate sleep, plant-based diets, maintenance of healthy weight, dietary supplementation, and time in nature have each been shown to have beneficial effects for supporting more positive health outcomes with COVID-19, in addition to promoting better overall health. This paper brings together literature from these areas and presents the argument that non-pharmaceutical approaches should not be overlooked in our response to COVID-19. It is noted that, in several cases, interventions discussed result in risk reductions equivalent to, or even greater than, those associated with currently available vaccines. Where the balance of evidence suggests benefits, and the risk is minimal to none, it is suggested that communicating the power of individual actions to the public becomes morally imperative. Further, many lives could be saved, and many harms from the vaccine mandates avoided, if we were willing to embrace this lifestyle-centred approach in our efforts to deal with COVID-19.
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23
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A systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions on quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2023; 270:726-745. [PMID: 36348069 PMCID: PMC9643979 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL) is commonly impaired among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The aim of this study was to evaluate via meta-analysis the efficacy of Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for improving QoL in PwMS. METHODS Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified via searching six major electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, AMED, and PsycINFO) in April 2022. The primary outcome was QoL. Study quality was determined using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis using a random effects model was undertaken. Effect sizes are reported as Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). Prospero ID: 139835. RESULTS From a total of 1312 individual studies, 14 RCTs were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, total participant n = 937. Most studies included PwMS who remained ambulatory. Cognitively impaired PwMS were largely excluded. Comorbidities were inconsistently reported. Most MBIs were delivered face-to face in group format, but five were online. Eight studies (n = 8) measured MS-specific QoL. In meta-analysis, overall effect size (SMD) for any QoL measure (n = 14) was 0.40 (0.18-0.61), p = 0.0003, I2 = 52%. SMD for MS-specific QoL measures (n = 8) was 0.39 (0.21-0.57), p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%. MBI effect was largest on subscale measures of mental QoL (n = 8), SMD 0.70 (0.33-1.06), p = 0.0002, I2 = 63%. Adverse events were infrequently reported. CONCLUSIONS MBIs effectively improve QoL in PwMS. The greatest benefits are on mental health-related QoL. However, more research is needed to characterize optimal formatting, mechanisms of action, and effects in PwMS with more diverse social, educational, and clinical backgrounds.
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Lang T, Daniel K, Inskip M, Mavros Y, Fiatarone Singh MA. Caring for Informal Dementia Caregivers and Their Loved Ones Via the HOMeCARE Exercise and Mindfulness for Health Program (HOMeCARE): A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231203472. [PMID: 37811133 PMCID: PMC10559724 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231203472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of a dyadic intervention of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for informal dementia caregivers and home-based balance and progressive resistance training (PRT) for their loved ones. Methods: The study was a two arm, randomized, controlled, single-blinded, parallel-group trial. Dyads were randomized to an intervention group: an 8-week MBSR course (daily) and an 8-week PRT and balance training (3 days/week) for their loved ones or a waiting list control group. Results: Nine dyads were randomized [caregivers: median age 75 (40-81) years, loved ones: 77 (73-88) years]. The intervention significantly improved caregiver mindfulness [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) 1.35 (-0.10, 2.81); p = .009] and functional mobility in their loved ones [mean difference (95% confidence interval) 1.53 (-3.09, 6.14)] with no significant effects on caregiver burden [relative effect size (95% confidence interval) 0.22 (-1.09, 1.54); p = .622]. Conclusion: The study appeared feasible in the home environment and future large and longer trials should test the efficacy of a more abbreviated MBSR intervention and to optimize adoption and sustain adherence over time. Trial registry name: HOMeCare: Caring for the Dementia Caregiver and their Loved One via the HOMeCare Exercise and Mindfulness for Health Program Trial URL: https://www.australianclinicaltrials.gov.au/anzctr/trial/ACTRN12617000347369 Registration number: ACTRN12617000347369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Lang
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Daniel
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Inskip
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
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Piovesan A, Mirams L, Poole H, Ogden R. The effect of mindfulness meditation on the perceived duration of pain. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2022.2154780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piovesan
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Mirams
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Poole
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ruth Ogden
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Awad E, Hallit S, Obeid S. Does self-esteem mediate the association between perfectionism and mindfulness among Lebanese university students? BMC Psychol 2022; 10:256. [DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the associations between mindfulness, self-esteem and perfectionism in a Lebanese sample of university students, as well as the indirect effect of self-esteem between mindfulness and perfectionism was investigated.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out between July and September 2021. A total of 363 university students were recruited through convenience sampling through several universities in Lebanon’s governorates. An online survey that included a part that collected sociodemographic information, the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory to assess mindfulness, the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale to assess self-esteem and the Big Three Perfectionism Scale to assess perfectionism was completed by participants.
Results
Higher self-esteem (Beta = 1.30) was significantly associated with more mindfulness, whereas higher self-critical perfectionism (Beta = − 0.61) was significantly associated with less mindfulness. Self-esteem mediated the association between self-critical and narcissistic perfectionism and mindfulness. More perfectionism was significantly and directly associated with less mindfulness and lower self-esteem, whereas higher self-esteem was significantly associated with more mindfulness.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable findings that enable practitioners to effectively identify people needing interventions to improve psychological health through mindfulness, self-esteem and perfectionism. The conclusions that can be deduced from this study can help educational psychologists and counselors guide university students towards effective mindfulness practices that can increase self-esteem levels and balance maladaptive perfectionism that can cause distress and impairment in the social and academic settings.
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Patterson CW, Golightly M. Adults with intellectual disabilities and third‐wave therapies: A systematic review and
meta‐ethnography. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 36:13-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jar.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Golightly
- Peterborough Adult locality Team Adult Mental Health Peterborough UK
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Bermejo-Martins E, Pueyo-Garrigues M, Casas M, Bermejo-Orduna R, Villarroya A. A Forest Bathing Intervention in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Feasibility Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13589. [PMID: 36294168 PMCID: PMC9603293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Forest bathing practices benefit individuals' physical and mental health. A growing number of published studies provide evidence of such effects in diverse populations and contexts. However, no literature has been found that evaluates the effects of forest bathing on people with intellectual disabilities. In this paper, we present a quasi-experimental pre-post protocol for assessing the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of a forest bathing intervention in a group of adults with intellectual disability. An 11-weekly session program will be applied in the forests of the Ollo Valley, Navarre (Spain). The preliminary efficacy outcomes will be blood pressure, psycho-physiological coherence parameters and quality of life. The feasibility of the intervention will be assessed through data on barriers and facilitators of the implementation process and indicators of environmental comfort (physiological equivalent temperature and thermic perception). This study offers an opportunity for people with intellectual disabilities to benefit from a forest bathing intervention and explore its effects not only on their quality of life, but also on the improvement in their physiological and psychological state. This feasibility study is an essential step to explore crucial aspects for a future full-scale trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bermejo-Martins
- Department of Community, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Pueyo-Garrigues
- Department of Community, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Casas
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Grupo de Humanidades Ambientales, BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl Bermejo-Orduna
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Grupo de Humanidades Ambientales, BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Villarroya
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Navarra, Campus Universitario, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
- Grupo de Humanidades Ambientales, BIOMA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Ornelas IJ, Perez G, Maurer S, Gonzalez S, Childs V, Price C, Nelson AK, Perez Solorio SA, Tran A, Rao D. Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma: In-Person and Online Delivery of an Intervention to Promote Mental Health Among Latina Immigrant Women. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:821-829. [PMID: 35723668 PMCID: PMC9595613 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2022.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A few mindfulness-based interventions have been developed for Latina immigrant populations. We describe the feasibility and acceptability of Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA), a culturally grounded intervention developed to prevent and reduce depression and anxiety among Latina immigrants. We also compare participation in the intervention in-person with an online adaptation developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: ALMA was developed through several years of formative research in collaboration with community organizations serving Latino immigrants. The curriculum integrates mindfulness-based approaches with Latino cultural strengths to reduce stress, enhance coping strategies, and increase social support. Latina immigrant women who spoke Spanish were recruited from Latino serving organizations to participate in an intervention trial. The program consisted of eight sessions offered weekly in person to groups of ∼20 Latina immigrants. After the onset of the pandemic, the program was adapted to be delivered online via zoom. Attendance and fidelity were monitored by intervention staff, and a satisfaction survey was given to participants post-intervention. Results: We enrolled 226 Latina immigrant women with an average age of 40 years and an average of 15.0 years living in the United States. The majority of participants were monolingual Spanish speakers (59%) with a high school degree (66%), although almost half were living on less than $2,200 per month (48%). One hundred and seven (47%) attended the program in-person, and 119 (53%) participated online. Program attendance was similar across modalities, with an average of 58% sessions completed among in-person and 60% among online participants. Participant satisfaction and perceived efficacy of the intervention were high in both in-person and online groups. Discussion: Our findings indicate that the ALMA intervention is acceptable and feasible in this population. Future research should assess the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in Latina immigrant populations, including both in-person and online modalities. CTR# NCT03749278.
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Affiliation(s)
- India J. Ornelas
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Georgina Perez
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Serena Maurer
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Veronica Childs
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia Price
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adrianne Katrina Nelson
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S. Adriana Perez Solorio
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anh Tran
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Deepa Rao
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pérez V, Menéndez-Crispín EJ, Sarabia-Cobo C, de Lorena P, Fernández-Rodríguez A, González-Vaca J. Mindfulness-Based Intervention for the Reduction of Compassion Fatigue and Burnout in Nurse Caregivers of Institutionalized Older Persons with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811441. [PMID: 36141714 PMCID: PMC9517410 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the mental health of nurses caring for institutionalized older people. Caring in this environment can be complex, with higher levels of burnout and compassion fatigue in staff. It is therefore important to find interventions to increase the well-being of staff. Mindfulness training is known to be effective in treating a variety of physical and mental health conditions. This study sought to conduct a direct evaluation of the effectiveness of a combined online training in two types of mindfulness-based therapies for the reduction of compassion fatigue and burnout in geriatric nurses caring for institutionalized elderly people with dementia. In a randomized controlled trial (n = 39 experimental group, n = 35 control group), we explored whether individuals with high levels of burnout and compassion fatigue would benefit more from an online mindfulness training program. The outcome variable was the ProQoL professional quality of life scale, which was collected at baseline, at six weeks, and at three months after completion of the intervention. Significant differences were found between both groups for the subscales Compassion Fatigue and Burnout (p < 0.05), with a significant improvement in the experimental group (significant effect size). These findings were maintained at three months after the end of the intervention for both compassion fatigue (F1,28 = 18.14, p = 0.003) and burnout (F1,28 = 7.25, p = 0.040). However, there were no differences between groups for the satisfaction subscale. The effect of time and the effects of comparing the two groups after controlling for time were statistically significant for all three subscales of the questionnaire (all p values < 0.001), with effect sizes ranging from small to large (R2 change 0.10-0.47). These data indicate that the experimental condition was more effective, explaining between 10 and 18% more of the variance. A short, online intervention based on mindfulness training appears to be effective for reducing compassion fatigue and burnout in geriatric nurses, with sustained effects over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Sarabia-Cobo
- Facultad de Enfermería, IDIVAL, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda Valdecilla s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Julia González-Vaca
- Nursing Research Group (GRIN) from the IDIBELL Translational Medicine Area, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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[Health-Related Goals of Digital Prevention and Health Promotion in Families]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2022; 85:371-379. [PMID: 35948045 DOI: 10.1055/a-1860-0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY AIM There is an increase in digital technologies to support health promotion. The majority of offerings is aimed at the individual but are less adapted to social life constellations such as families. The goal of this is study was to highlight the need and the requirements for an addressee-oriented app development. This was to be achieved by determining the initial situation and health goals of the surveyed families in the fields of exercise, nutrition and relaxation, and identifying points of intersection of the family members for a health app. METHODS The online survey was conducted with n=1008 parents (Ø 48 years, 59% female, 39.3% male, 1.7% diverse) on health status as well as exercise, nutrition and relaxation, smartphone use, app features and gamification. Quantitative data analysis (frequency analyses, Chi2 test, factor analysis, and single-factor analysis of variance) was performed using IBM SPSS Analytics (25; Armonk, NewYork). RESULTS The majority of those surveyed considered their state of health to be good. The minority met the WHO reference values for physical activity and nutrition. In addition, the respondents were exposed to a high level of stress with simultaneously low coping skills. The identified target areas were active relaxation measures, nutrition, general competence, physical activity, nature activities and sports-recreation opportunities. Significant differences were found in age, in the active relaxation measures [F(2)=3.367; p=0.035] and sports-recreation opportunities [F(2)=7.480; p=0.001]. CONCLUSION The study reveals intersections of families' content for a behavior change process with digital support. The interest in individual offers differs between the age groups of the children surveyed. Further research should identify health app usage preferences in families and in different family constellations as well as a family-friendly approach.
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Cheng C, Chau CL. Gamification-based intervention for enhancing team effectiveness and coping flexibility: Randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:941252. [PMID: 35958645 PMCID: PMC9357928 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.941252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate a newly developed gamification-based intervention of serious play training (SPT). A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of the new intervention program in comparison with a widely adopted cognitive-behavioral training (CBT) program. Real-life work teams were recruited to enhance the ecological validity of outcome evaluation. The participants comprised 250 Chinese working adults (68% men; median age = 25 years, range: 18-40) who took part voluntarily. They were randomly assigned to the SPT, CBT, and waitlist conditions. For outcome evaluation, team effectiveness was the primary outcome, whereas coping flexibility was the secondary outcome. For explanation of outcome changes, group cohesion and discriminative thinking were tested as the hypothesized learning mechanisms. The results revealed that the SPT group alone reported greater team effectiveness over time, with an increase in group cohesion found to explain the improvement. Both the SPT and CBT groups reported greater coping flexibility over time, with discriminative thinking found to account for the beneficial changes. These findings provide initial evidence indicating the efficacy of utilizing the gamification approach in corporate training for team-building and personal coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Amitani M, Amitani H, Owaki T, Monuki T, Adachi S, Kawazu S, Fukumoto T, Suzuki H, Yoshimura T, Mizuma K, Nishida Y, Watanabe H, Hirose M, Funakoshi K, Ota K, Murotani K, Asakawa A. The Effect of Mindfulness Yoga in Children With School Refusal: A Study Protocol for an Exploratory, Cluster-Randomized, Open, Standard Care-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial. Front Public Health 2022; 10:881303. [PMID: 35910937 PMCID: PMC9325992 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.881303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School refusal occurs in about 1–2% of young people. Anxiety and depression are considered to be the most common emotional difficulties for children who do not attend school. However, at present, no definitive treatment has been established for school refusal, although interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy have been used. This paper reports a protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness yoga intervention for children with school refusal. Methods This study is a multicenter, exploratory, open cluster-randomized controlled trial. This study will recruit children aged 10–15 years with school refusal. After a 2-week baseline, participants for each cluster will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: with or without mindfulness yoga for 4 weeks. Mindfulness yoga will be created for schoolchildren for this protocol and distributed to the participants on DVD. The primary outcome is anxiety among children with school refusal using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Children. Discussion For this study, we developed a mindfulness yoga program and protocol, and examine whether mindfulness yoga can improve anxiety in children with school refusal. Our mindfulness yoga program was developed based on the opinions of children of the same age, and is a program that children can continue to do every day without getting bored. In this way, we believe that we can contribute to the smooth implementation of support to reduce the anxiety of children with school refusal, and to the reduction of the number of children who refuse to go to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Amitani
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Division of Community-Based Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Marie Amitani
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Owaki
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Division of Community-Based Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takako Monuki
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Adachi
- Division of Community-Based Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawazu
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Fukumoto
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshimura
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kimiko Mizuma
- Education Center for Doctors in Remote Islands and Rural Areas, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Nishida
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Watanabe
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirose
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kouta Funakoshi
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Ota
- Center for Clinical Research and Innovation, Osaka City University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Division of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Salvador C, Mark P, Hoenemeyer T, McDonald V. Prospective feasibility study of a mindfulness-based program for breast cancer patients in the southeastern US. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101639. [PMID: 35841719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness interventions can improve psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivors. Few mindfulness programs for cancer recovery exist in Southeastern U.S. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for breast cancer patients in Birmingham, Alabama. The secondary objective was to explore potential program effects on mindfulness skills and QoL. METHODS This study was a prospective, quasi-experimental feasibility study conducted over 10 months at a university hospital. Feasibility was achieved if 80% of eligible patients screened enrolled in the study and 70% of enrolled patients attended all 8 program sessions. Effectiveness was estimated by changes in mindfulness and QoL indicators measured with validated scales administered at 3 time points and assessed with a non-parametric Friedman test. Sessions included meditation, yoga, and an attention practice called body scan. There were 3 groups of 2-5 patients. RESULTS The sample totaled 12 patients. Forty-four percent (12/27) of eligible patients enrolled in the study, and two out of 12 enrolled patients completed 8 program sessions, resulting in 16.7% (2/12) retention. However, more than half (66.7%) of participants completed at least 7 sessions. Between baseline and 8-week follow-up, patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in distress, general wellbeing, and fatigue-related QoL. CONCLUSIONS Feasibility objectives were not achieved. However, a majority of participants (66.7%) completed 7 of 8 program sessions. Program effects were promising for distress, fatigue, and wellbeing. Results warrant further research on MBSR-like programs for breast cancer patients in Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salvador
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 615 18th St S, Suite 2500, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States.
| | - Phyllis Mark
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 615 18th St S, Suite 2500, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Teri Hoenemeyer
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 615 18th St S, Suite 2500, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Victoria McDonald
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 615 18th St S, Suite 2500, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
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Robertson T, Ahola Kohut S, Telfer H, Seifert-Hansen M, Mitchell J, Anthony SJ. Mindfulness-based retreat for mothers of paediatric heart transplant recipients: protocol for a pilot intervention study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060461. [PMID: 35803637 PMCID: PMC9272107 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mothers are often the primary caregivers for children requiring heart transplantation. Given that a mother's ability to successfully cope with the demands of her caregiving role may be predictive of positive familial psychosocial outcomes, it is critical that maternal coping is assessed and supported in paediatric healthcare. Mindfulness-based programmes are proposed as one intervention that may enhance quality of life, improve distress tolerance and coping and reduce social isolation in caregiving populations. This pilot study aims to investigate: (1) the implementation success of a mindfulness-based retreat (MBR), and (2) the effectiveness of a MBR at improving quality of life, distress tolerance, coping and perceived social support for mothers of paediatric heart transplant recipients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A convergent parallel, mixed-method design is proposed for this pilot, exploratory study. Twenty mothers will participate in this pilot MBR held at a resort in Ontario, Canada. Quantitative data will be obtained using five standardised instruments completed at three time points: (T1) 24-hours prior to the intervention, (T2) immediately on completion of the intervention, and (T3) three months post-intervention. Qualitative data will be collected from all participants both through semi-structured focus groups at T2 and individual telephone interviews at T3. Focus groups and individual interviews will be transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data will be merged and compared during interpretation to ensure that the intervention implementation and effectiveness of the MBR retreat are described with comprehensive accuracy. The primary outcomes will be feasibility in relation to implementation effectiveness and participants' perception of social support for efficacy of the MBR intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received Institutional Research Ethics Board approval from The Hospital for Sick Children (Number: 1000064719). Informed consent will be obtained prior to participant enrolment. Findings will be disseminated via conference presentations and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Robertson
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Ahola Kohut
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Telfer
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirna Seifert-Hansen
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Mitchell
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samantha J Anthony
- Department of Social Work, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Taylor ME, Lozy O, Conti K, Wacha-Montes A, Bentley KH, Kleiman EM. The Effectiveness of a Brief Telehealth and Smartphone Intervention for College Students Receiving Traditional Therapy: Longitudinal Study Using Ecological Momentary Assessment Data. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e33750. [PMID: 35767338 PMCID: PMC9280460 DOI: 10.2196/33750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief interventions such as mental health apps and single-session interventions are increasingly popular, efficacious, and accessible delivery formats that may be beneficial for college students whose mental health needs may not be adequately met by college counseling centers. However, no studies so far have examined the effectiveness of these modes of treatment for college students who are already receiving traditional therapy, despite it being common among this population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the differences in self-reported momentary negative affect between college students in therapy and not in therapy who received a brief single-session intervention delivered by counseling center staff and a supplemental mobile app. METHODS Data for this study were drawn from E-Manage, a brief mobile health intervention geared toward college students. Participants in the study were 173 college students who indicated whether they had received therapy. We conducted a multilevel model to determine whether there were differences between those in therapy versus not in therapy in negative affect reported throughout the study. Following this, we conducted multilevel models with therapy status as the predictor and negative affect as the outcome. RESULTS Results of the multilevel model testing showed that the cross-level interaction between the time point (ie, pre- vs postexercise) and therapy status was significant (P=.008), with the reduction in negative affect from pre- to postexercise greater for those in therapy (b=-0.65, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.40; P<.001) than it was for those not in therapy (b=-0.31, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.19; P<.001). Therapy status was unassociated with both the pre-exercise (b=-1.69, 95% CI -3.51 to 0.13; P=.07) and postexercise (b=-1.37, 95% CI -3.17 to 0.43; P=.14) ratings of negative affect. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that app-based and single-session interventions are also appropriate to use among college students who are receiving traditional therapy. A randomized controlled trial comparing students receiving therapy to students receiving therapy and E-Manage will be necessary to determine to what extent E-Manage contributed to the reductions in negative affect that therapy-attending college students experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia Lozy
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Kaileigh Conti
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Kate H Bentley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Evan M Kleiman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Jedel S, Beck T, Swanson G, Hood MM, Voigt RM, Gorenz A, Jakate S, Raeisi S, Hobfoll S, Keshavarzian A. Mindfulness Intervention Decreases Frequency and Severity of Flares in Inactive Ulcerative Colitis Patients: Results of a Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1872-1892. [PMID: 35661212 PMCID: PMC9713500 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory disease, characterized by symptomatic periods (flare) interspersed with asymptomatic periods (remission). Evidence suggests that psychological stress can trigger flare. Studies have shown that mindfulness interventions (MI) reduce stress, foster more adaptive coping, and improve quality of life, but have been minimally used for UC patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether participation in an MI results in improvements in UC disease course and inflammatory cascades, mindfulness, perceived stress, and other psychological outcomes in inactive UC patients with limited or no exposure to past MI. METHODS Participants were randomized to an 8-week MI or control group. Biological and psychological assessments were performed at baseline, post 8-week course, and at 6- and 12-months. RESULTS Forty-three participants enrolled. The MI increased the state of mindfulness and mindfulness skills, decreased perceived stress and stress response in patients with inactive UC. The MI intervention significantly decreased the incidence of flare over 12 months (P < .05). None of the UC patients in the MI flared during 12 months, while 5 of 23 (22%) control group participants flared during the same period. CONCLUSIONS MIs could be considered as adjuvant treatment for a subset of UC patients with high perceived stress and low state of mindfulness.The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01491997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Jedel
- Address correspondence to: Sharon Jedel, PsyD, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 207, Chicago, IL 60612 ()
| | - Todd Beck
- Bioinformatics and Biostatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Garth Swanson
- Bioinformatics and Biostatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan M Hood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annika Gorenz
- Rush University Medical Center, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shriram Jakate
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stevan Hobfoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention on physical function in individuals with chronic low back pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2022; 49:101623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Riley TD, Roy S, Parascando JA, Wile K, LaGamma C, Dong H, Zgierska AE. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Live Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:497-506. [PMID: 35363576 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) live online during the COVID-19 shutdown. Design: Mixed-methods study using a sequential explanatory design. Settings/location: Cohorts 1-4 took place in-person and Cohorts 5-6 took place over Zoom following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects: Participants were paying members of the general public enrolled in one of six live MBSR courses. Interventions: All MBSR courses followed the standard 8-week MBSR curriculum, led by experienced instructors. Outcome measures: Feasibility measured via class attendance, acceptability measured via the adapted Treatment Satisfaction Survey, and MBSR course effects measured by a focus group with Cohort 5, and the following assessments completed by all cohorts: Perceived Stress Scale-10, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the 36-item Short Form Survey. Results: 73 adults participated in six live MBSR courses (48 in the four in-person courses; 25 in the two online courses). Most of the participants identified as white, non-Hispanic, middle-aged females, with annual household income >$100,000. Course completion, defined as at least 6/8 classes attended, did not differ between in-person and online cohorts (84.1% versus 67.6%, respectively, p = 0.327). Participants in Cohort 5 who completed the course (n = 10) rated it as very important and useful for stress coping, and reported high likelihood of continuing their mindfulness practice (all ratings: between 8 and 10 on a 1-10 Likert scale), with open-ended responses corroborating their numerical ratings. Focus group (n = 6) responses indicated that online MBSR was positively received, reduced perceived loss of control, and improved quality of life and morale during the pandemic. Conclusions: Delivering MBSR live online can be feasible and acceptable for the general public, and is potentially beneficial, including during the social upheaval of the COVID-19 pandemic. Online delivery could help expand access to MBSR and address health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Riley
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Parascando
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Wile
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Huamei Dong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandra E Zgierska
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Nichols AL, Klussman K, Langer J. Finding meaning in our everyday moments: testing a novel intervention to increase employee well-being. BALTIC JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/bjm-12-2021-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe benefits of meaning in the workplace are abundant. However, few opportunities exist to increase meaning among employees in ways that result in desired organizational impacts. The current study developed two new mindfulness-based interventions designed to ultimately increase both job and life satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachOver five days, 67 participants either: (1) Reported their daily activities, (2) Additionally rated the meaningfulness of each hour, or (3) Additionally planned to increase the meaning of the least meaningful activities. At the beginning and end of the week, they also reported their job satisfaction and life satisfaction.FindingsResults suggested that listing daily activities and rating the meaningfulness of each hour was most beneficial. Compared to only listing daily activities, this group experienced greater job and life satisfaction. In contrast, the group that additionally attempted to increase the meaningfulness of their daily activities did not perform better on either of these measures.Practical implicationsSpending only a few minutes focusing on recognizing the meaning in one's daily activities can improve one's job and life satisfaction. As such, organizations may consider encouraging engagement in such a task either at the end of the workday or at home. Doing so may result in an increase in both how satisfied they are at home and at work.Originality/valueThis provides initial evidence for a short intervention that may greatly increase the well-being of employees at work and home.
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Upadhyay P, Joshi A, Mishra I, Kelly L, Novack L, Hariri S, Kveraga K, Subramaniam B. Short Term Effects of Inner Engineering Completion Online Program on Stress and Well-Being Measures. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814224. [PMID: 35572309 PMCID: PMC9094408 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic has been a major disruptor of routine life, resulting in increased stress and predisposing people to negative outcomes, such as insomnia, anxiety and hopelessness. Mind-body interventions have improved concentration, emotional balance, and positive emotions, with an enhanced sense of productivity, and self-confidence. We therefore hypothesized that exposure to an online mind-body intervention, “Inner Engineering Completion Online (IECO),” would reduce stress and promote well-being. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled participants registered for the IECO courses, which for the first time were delivered remotely, online. Participants learned a 21-min meditation practice called Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya during the course, which incorporates controlled breathing and mediation techniques. Each enrolled participant was asked to complete self-reported electronic surveys at three key time points: at the time of consent, immediately after completing IECO, and 6 weeks after IECO completion. Effects of IECO practice were assessed using four well-validated neuropsychological scales: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Positive Emotion/Relationship/Engagement Scale (PERMA) Profiler, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). A Signed Rank test was used to analyze the survey data and P-values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Of the 375 participants interested in participation, 164 participants were eligible. Sixty-eight participants completed surveys at all time points and were identified as compliant participants. The baseline median score for PSS in compliant participants (n = 95) was 13.5 (IQR 9, 18); immediate post-IECO median PSS score was 12 (IQR 8, 16) demonstrating a 1.5 unit decrease in PSS scores (p-value = 0.0023). Similarly, comparing PSS scores in compliant participants (n = 68) for immediate Post IECO [11.5 (IQR 8, 15.5)] to PSS scores at six weeks [8 (IQR 4.5, 12.5)] showed a statistically significant 3.5-unit decrease, indicating a reduction in stress upon routine practice of the intervention (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Incorporating the remotely delivered mind-body intervention Shambhavi Mahamudra Kriya into daily life via the IECO program over as few as 6 weeks produced a significant stress reduction, improvement in sleep quality and mindfulness. Clinical Trial Registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04189146].
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Upadhyay
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
| | - Akshaj Joshi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
| | - Isha Mishra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
| | - Lauren Kelly
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
| | - Lena Novack
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
| | - Sepideh Hariri
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
| | - Kestutis Kveraga
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, United States
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Pagador F, Barone M, Manoukian M, Xu W, Kim L. Effective Holistic Approaches to Reducing Nurse Stress and Burnout During COVID-19. Am J Nurs 2022; 122:40-47. [PMID: 35447650 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000830744.96819.dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exposure to work-related stress can lead to nurse burnout, potentiating clinical and medication errors and low-quality patient care. Holistic approaches (such as mindfulness training, "zen rooms," and massage chairs, among others) have been shown to reduce nurses' anxiety, stress, and burnout. PURPOSE To evaluate the use of "serenity lounges" (dedicated rooms where nurses can take workday breaks for the purposes of relaxation and rejuvenation) and massage chairs on nurses' anxiety, stress, and burnout. METHODS This quality improvement project analyzed 67 paired responses to surveys filled out by nurses before and after their use of serenity lounges at a medical center in Los Angeles between November 2020 and May 2021. Following successful implementation of a serenity lounge on a pilot unit, this project was expanded to a total of 10 units, including COVID-19 cohort units. As part of this expansion, massage chairs were added to 10 serenity lounges, along with items such as wipes, gloves, and shoe covers to enable nurses to adhere to infection control protocols. RESULTS Analysis of the 67 paired responses to pre- and post-lounge-use surveys revealed a significant reduction in feelings of emotional exhaustion, burnout, frustration, being worn out, stress, and anxiety after use of the serenity lounge. Improvements in feelings of emotional exhaustion, being worn out, and being anxious were also noted after using the massage chair for at least 10 to 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of providing a holistic approach, including a serene space, massage equipment, and other amenities, to help nurses reduce feelings of anxiety, stress, and burnout, particularly during challenging times such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florida Pagador
- Florida Pagador is an assistant nurse manager, Melanie Barone is an associate nursing director, Mana Manoukian is a clinical nurse specialist, Wenrui Xu is a clinical research specialist, and Linda Kim is a research scientist, all at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. Contact author: Linda Kim, . The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. A podcast with the authors is available at www.ajnonline.com
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Chan SHW, Lui D, Chan H, Sum K, Cheung A, Yip H, Yu CH. Effects of mindfulness-based intervention programs on sleep among people with common mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:636-650. [PMID: 35582336 PMCID: PMC9048455 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i4.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are particularly prevalent in people with depression or anxiety disorder. Although mindfulness has been suggested as an important component in alleviating insomnia, no comprehensive review and meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of different mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.
AIM To compare the effects of different MBI programs on sleep among people with depression or anxiety disorder.
METHODS Related publications in Embase, Medline, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2020 for randomised controlled trials. Data were synthesized using a random-effects or a fixed-effects model to analyse the effects of various MBI programs on sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder. The fixed-effects model was used when heterogeneity was negligible, and the random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was significant to calculate the standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS We identified 397 articles, of which 10 randomised controlled trials, involving a total of 541 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Studies of internet mindfulness meditation intervention (IMMI), mindfulness meditation (MM), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based touch therapy (MBTT) met the inclusion criteria. The greatest effect sizes are reported in favour of MBTT, with SMDs of -1.138 (95%CI: -1.937 to -0.340; P = 0.005), followed by -1.003 (95%CI: -1.645 to -0.360; P = 0.002) for MBCT. SMDs of -0.618 (95%CI: -0.980 to -0.257; P = 0.001) and -0.551 (95%CI: -0.842 to -0.260; P < 0.0001) were reported for IMMI and MBSR in the pooling trials, respectively. Significant effects on sleep problem improvement are shown in all reviewed MBI programs, except MM, for which the effect size was shown to be non-significant.
CONCLUSION All MBI programs (MBTT, MBCT, IMMI and MBSR), except MM, are effective options to improve sleep problems among people with depression or anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ho-Wan Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danielle Lui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hazel Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelly Sum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ava Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hayley Yip
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Ho Yu
- School of Behavioral and Applied Science, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, United States
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Klibert JJ, Sturz BR, LeLeux-LaBarge K, Hatton A, Smalley KB, Warren JC. Savoring Interventions Increase Positive Emotions After a Social-Evaluative Hassle. Front Psychol 2022; 13:791040. [PMID: 35386887 PMCID: PMC8978832 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.791040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a high quality of life is dependent upon how individuals face adversity. Positive psychological interventions are well-suited to support coping efforts; however, experimental research is limited. The purpose of the current research was to examine whether different savoring interventions could increase important coping resources (i.e., positive emotions) in response to a social-evaluative hassle. We completed an experimental mixed subject design study with a university student sample. All participants completed a hassle induction task and were then randomly assigned into different intervention groups. Positive emotion ratings were collected at three points in time (baseline, post-induction task, post-intervention). Results revealed a significant time x intervention interaction effect, such that individuals in the savoring the moment intervention reported higher levels of positive emotions (at post-intervention) compared to individuals assigned to the true control group, guided imagery control group, and savoring through reminiscence intervention. Such findings represent a significant extension to savoring theory and offer support for savoring the moment exercises as a primary prevention strategy to bolster effective responses to social-evaluative hassles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Klibert
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Bradley R Sturz
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Kayla LeLeux-LaBarge
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - Arthur Hatton
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, United States
| | - K Bryant Smalley
- Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
| | - Jacob C Warren
- Center for Rural Health and Health Disparities, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
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Ciarrochi J, Hayes SC, Oades LG, Hofmann SG. Toward a Unified Framework for Positive Psychology Interventions: Evidence-Based Processes of Change in Coaching, Prevention, and Training. Front Psychol 2022; 12:809362. [PMID: 35222161 PMCID: PMC8866971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.809362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2000, research within positive psychology has exploded, as reflected in dozens of meta-analyses of different interventions and targeted processes, including strength spotting, positive affect, meaning in life, mindfulness, gratitude, hope, and passion. Frequently, researchers treat positive psychology processes of change as distinct from each other and unrelated to processes in clinical psychology. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for positive psychology processes that crosses theoretical orientation, links coherently to clinical psychology and its more dominantly "negative" processes, and supports practitioners in their efforts to personalize positive psychological interventions. We argue that a multi-dimensional and multi-level extended evolutionary approach can organize effective processes of change in psychosocial interventions, by focusing interventions on context-appropriate variation, selection, and retention of processes, arranged in terms of key biopsychosocial dimensions across psychological, biophysiological, and sociocultural levels of analysis. We review widely studied positive psychology constructs and programs and show how this evolutionary approach can readily accommodate them and provide a common language and framework for improving human and community flourishing. We conclude that Interventions should start with the person, not the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven C Hayes
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Lindsay G Oades
- Centre for Positive Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Taylor G, Bylund CL, Kastrinos A, Alpert JM, Puig A, Krajewski JMT, Sharma B, Fisher CL. Practicing Mindfulness through mHealth Applications: Emerging Adults' Health-Enhancing and Inhibiting Experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052619. [PMID: 35270309 PMCID: PMC8910211 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and practices (MBPs) can promote better health outcomes. Although MBIs and MBPs were developed to be delivered in-person, mobile health (mHealth) tools such as apps have made these more accessible. Mindfulness apps (MAs) are popular among emerging adults (EAs) who have the highest ownership of smartphones and who are also at risk for distress. While adverse effects have been observed with MBIs/MBPs, this has not been examined when mindfulness is practiced using apps. We interviewed EAs (n = 22) to capture their motivations for using these apps and identified health-inhibiting and enhancing experiences. Data were thematically analyzed using the constant comparative method. Motivations for app use included accessibility, convenience, and stress/health management. EAs described health-enhancing outcomes (reduced distress, improved physical symptoms, increased focus) and health-inhibiting outcomes (worsened distress, performance uncertainty, dependency development, worsened physical health). They provided suggestions for improving apps (e.g., feedback option). These findings illustrate benefits and risks that EAs may encounter when practicing mindfulness using apps, which can inform the best practices for app design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greenberry Taylor
- Department of Communication, Flagler College, St. Augustine, FL 32084, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-2515910098
| | - Carma L. Bylund
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Amanda Kastrinos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA;
| | - Jordan M. Alpert
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.M.A.); (B.S.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Ana Puig
- College of Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | | | - Bhakti Sharma
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.M.A.); (B.S.); (C.L.F.)
| | - Carla L. Fisher
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (J.M.A.); (B.S.); (C.L.F.)
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Wang Z, Liu S, Xu X, Xiao Y, Yang M, Zhao X, Jin C, Hu F, Yang S, Tang B, Song C, Wang T. Gut Microbiota Associated With Effectiveness And Responsiveness to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Improving Trait Anxiety. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:719829. [PMID: 35281444 PMCID: PMC8908961 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.719829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mindfulness-based interventions have been widely demonstrated to be effective in reducing stress, alleviating mood disorders, and improving quality of life; however, the underlying mechanisms remained to be fully understood. Along with the advanced research in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, this study aimed to explore the impact of gut microbiota on the effectiveness and responsiveness to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) among high trait anxiety populations. Design A standard MBCT was performed among 21 young adults with high trait anxiety. A total of 29 healthy controls were matched for age and sex. The differences in gut microbiota between the two groups were compared. The changes in fecal microbiota and psychological indicators were also investigated before and after the intervention. Results Compared with healthy controls, we found markedly decreased bacterial diversity and distinctive clusters among high trait anxiety populations, with significant overgrowth of bacteria such as Streptococcus, Blautia, and Romboutsia, and a decrease in genera such as Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus_3, and Lachnoclostridium. Moreover, MBCT attenuated trait anxiety and depression, improved mindfulness and resilience, and increased the similarity of gut microbiota to that of healthy controls. Notably, a high presence of intestinal Subdoligranulum pre-MBCT was associated with increased responsiveness to MBCT. Decreases in Subdoligranulum post-MBCT were indicative of ameliorated trait anxiety. The tryptophan metabolism pathways were significantly over-represented among high responders compared to low responders. Conclusion The significantly increased diversity post-MBCT added evidence to gut-brain communication and highlighted the utility of mycobiota-focused strategies for promoting the effectiveness and responsiveness of the MBCT to improve trait anxiety. Clinical Trial Registration chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900028389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cancan Jin
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiping Song
- Department of Nursing, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Caiping Song, ; Tao Wang,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Caiping Song, ; Tao Wang,
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Kraines MA, Peterson SK, Tremont GN, Beard C, Brewer JA, Uebelacker LA. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: a Systematic Review of Cognitive Outcomes. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:1126-1135. [PMID: 36059888 PMCID: PMC9436005 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Summarize existing literature on cognitive outcomes of MBSR and MBCT for individuals with depression. Methods Following PRISMA (2021) guidance, we conducted a systematic review. We searched databases for studies published from 2000 to 2020 which examined cognitive outcomes of MBSR and MBCT in individuals with at least mild depressive symptoms. The search result in 10 studies (11 articles) meeting inclusion criteria. Results We identified five single armed trials and five randomized controlled trials. Results indicated that three studies did not show any improvements on cognitive outcomes, and seven studies showed at least one improvement in cognitive outcomes. Conclusions Overall, the review highlighted several inconsistencies in the literature including inconsistent use of terminology, disparate samples, and inconsistent use of methodology. These inconsistencies may help to explain the mixed results of MBSR and MBCT on cognitive outcomes. Recommendations include a more streamlined approach to studying cognitive outcomes in depressed individuals in the context of MBSR and MBCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morganne A. Kraines
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Butler Hospital/Psychosocial Research Program
- Corresponding Author: Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd., Providence, RI 02906, USA,
| | | | | | | | - Judson A. Brewer
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Brown University School of Public Health
| | - Lisa A. Uebelacker
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Butler Hospital/Psychosocial Research Program
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Pereira DR, Silva ER, Carvalho-Maia C, Monteiro-Reis S, Lourenço C, Calisto R, Teixeira RJ, Carlson LE, Bart G, Vainio SJ, Sales MGF, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. The modulatory role of internet-supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on extracellular vesicles and psychological distress in people who have had cancer: a protocol for a two-armed randomized controlled study. Trials 2022; 23:118. [PMID: 35123569 PMCID: PMC8817152 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used in oncology contexts as a promising tool with numerous benefits for various health-related and psychosocial outcomes. Despite the increasing popularity of MBIs, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined their effects upon biological parameters. Specifically, no previous study has examined the effects of MBIs on extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are potentially important markers of health, disease, and stress. Moreover, the lack of RCTs is even more limited within the context of technology-mediated MBIs and long-term effects. Methods The current study protocol presents a two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled study investigating the effects of internet-supported mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) compared with treatment as usual (TAU). Primary outcomes are psychological distress and EV cargo of distressed participants with previous breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer diagnoses. Secondary outcomes are self-reported psychosocial and health-related measures, and additional biological markers. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 4 weeks after baseline (mid-point of the intervention), 8 weeks after baseline (immediately post-intervention), 24 weeks after baseline (after booster sessions), and 52 weeks after baseline. Our goal is to recruit at least 111 participants who have been diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer (cancer stage I to III), are between 18 and 65 years old, and have had primary cancer treatments completed between 3 months and 5 years ago. Half of the participants will be randomized to the TAU group, and the other half will participate in an 8-week online MBCT intervention with weekly group sessions via videoconference. The intervention also includes asynchronous homework, an online retreat after the fifth week, and 4 monthly booster sessions after completion of the 8-week programme. Discussion This study will allow characterizing the effects of internet-based MBCT on psychosocial and biological indicators in the context of cancer. The effects on circulating EVs will also be investigated, as a possible neurobiological pathway underlying mind-body intervention effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04727593 (date of registration: 27 January 2021; date of record verification: 6 October 2021). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06045-x.
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Ciarrochi J, Sahdra B, Hofmann SG, Hayes SC. Developing an item pool to assess processes of change in psychological interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT). JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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