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Zhang X, An M, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Nano-medicine therapy reprogramming metabolic network of tumour microenvironment: new opportunity for cancer therapies. J Drug Target 2024; 32:241-257. [PMID: 38251656 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2309565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic heterogeneity is one of the characteristics of tumour cells. In order to adapt to the tumour microenvironment of hypoxia, acidity and nutritional deficiency, tumour cells have undergone extensive metabolic reprogramming. Metabolites involved in tumour cell metabolism are also very different from normal cells, such as a large number of lactate and adenosine. Metabolites play an important role in regulating the whole tumour microenvironment. Taking metabolites as the target, it aims to change the metabolic pattern of tumour cells again, destroy the energy balance it maintains, activate the immune system, and finally kill tumour cells. In this paper, the regulatory effects of metabolites such as lactate, glutamine, arginine, tryptophan, fatty acids and adenosine were reviewed, and the related targeting strategies of nano-medicines were summarised, and the future therapeutic strategies of nano-drugs were discussed. The abnormality of tumour metabolites caused by tumour metabolic remodelling not only changes the energy and material supply of tumour, but also participates in the regulation of tumour-related signal pathways, which plays an important role in the survival, proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumour cells. Regulating the availability of local metabolites is a new aspect that affects tumour progress. (The graphical abstract is by Figdraw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min An
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Li W, McIntyre RL, Schomakers BV, Kamble R, Luesink AH, van Weeghel M, Houtkooper RH, Gao AW, Janssens GE. Low-dose naltrexone extends healthspan and lifespan in C. elegans via SKN-1 activation. iScience 2024; 27:109949. [PMID: 38799567 PMCID: PMC11126937 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As the global aging population rises, finding effective interventions to improve aging health is crucial. Drug repurposing, utilizing existing drugs for new purposes, presents a promising strategy for rapid implementation. We explored naltrexone from the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) based on several selection criteria. Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) has gained attention for treating various diseases, yet its impact on longevity remains underexplored. Our study on C. elegans demonstrated that a low dose, but not high dose, of naltrexone extended the healthspan and lifespan. This effect was mediated through SKN-1 (NRF2 in mammals) signaling, influencing innate immune gene expression and upregulating oxidative stress responses. With LDN's low side effects profile, our findings underscore its potential as a geroprotector, suggesting further exploration for promoting healthy aging in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisha Li
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L. McIntyre
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bauke V. Schomakers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Kamble
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne H.G. Luesink
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H. Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Georges E. Janssens
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Azeredo R, Peixoto D, Santos P, Duarte I, Ricardo A, Aragão C, Machado M, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Plays a Role as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles during Chronic Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:309. [PMID: 38785791 PMCID: PMC11117642 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Where teleost fish are concerned, studies in tryptophan immunomodulation generally point to immunosuppressive properties, thus presenting a potential anti-inflammatory dietary strategy. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of tryptophan dietary supplementation on immune and neuroendocrine responses of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, undergoing chronic inflammation. Juvenile European seabass were intraperitoneally injected with either Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA, inflamed group) or a saline solution (control group). Within each group, fish were fed a control (CTRL) and a CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3% DM basis; TRP) for 4 weeks. Different tissues were sampled every week for the assessment of immune-related parameters. When TRP was provided to FIA-injected fish, mcsfr gene expression increased from 1 to 2 weeks and remained high until the end of the experiment. The same fish showed a concurrent increase in peripheral monocyte counts. Moreover, il34 expression at 1 week post-FIA injection was higher in TRP-fed than in CTRL-fed fish. After one week, molecular patterns of anti-inflammatory processes seemed to be favoured by TRP (mcsfr, gr1, il34 and tgfβ). Altogether, the results show that the feeding period seems to be critical where tryptophan supplementation is concerned since at later inflammatory stages-and longer feeding periods-fish fed TRP displayed a molecular profile similar to that of the CTRL group. In contrast, shorter administration periods might accelerate immune regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ricardo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Campus da Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Zhong S, Pan L, Wang Z, Zeng Z. Revealing Changes in Ovarian and Hemolymphatic Metabolites Using Widely Targeted Metabolomics between Newly Emerged and Laying Queens of Honeybee ( Apis mellifera). INSECTS 2024; 15:263. [PMID: 38667393 PMCID: PMC11050517 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The queen bee is a central and pivotal figure within the colony, serving as the sole fertile female responsible for its reproduction. The queen possesses an open circulatory system, with her ovaries immersed in hemolymph. A continuous and intricate transportation and interchange of substances exist between the ovaries and hemolymph of queen bees. To determine the characteristic metabolites in the hemolymph and ovary, as well as understand how their rapid metabolism contributes to the process of egg-laying by queens, we reared Apis mellifera queens from three different age groups: newly emerged queen (NEQ), newly laying queen (NLQ), and old laying queen (OLQ). Using widely targeted metabolomics, our study revealed that the laying queen (NLQ and OLQ) exhibited faster fatty acid metabolism, up-regulated expression of antioxidants, and significant depletion of amino acids compared to the NEQ. This study revealed that the levels of carnitine and antioxidants (GSH, 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, etc.) in the NLQ and OLQ were significantly higher compared to NEQ. However, most of the differentially expressed amino acids, such as L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, L-aspartic acid, etc., detected in NLQ and OLQ were down-regulated compared to the NEQ. Following egg-laying, pathways in the queens change significantly, e.g., Tryptophan metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, etc. Our results suggest that carnitine and antioxidants work together to maintain the redox balance of the queen. Additionally, various amino acids are responsible for maintaining the queen's egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhong
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Luxia Pan
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhijiang Zeng
- Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (S.Z.); (L.P.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Honeybee Biology and Beekeeping, Nanchang 330045, China
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Beaudreau N, Page TM, Drolet D, McKindsey CW, Howland KL, Calosi P. Using a metabolomics approach to investigate the sensitivity of a potential Arctic-invader and its Arctic sister-species to marine heatwaves and traditional harvesting disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170167. [PMID: 38242480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coastal species are threatened by fishing practices and changing environmental conditions, such as marine heatwaves (MHW). The mechanisms that confer tolerance to such stressors in marine invertebrates are poorly understood. However, differences in tolerance among different species may be attributed to their geographical distribution. To test the tolerance of species occupying different thermal ranges, we used two closely related bivalves the softshell clam Mya arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), a cold-temperate invader with demonstrated potential for establishment in the Arctic, and the blunt gaper Mya truncata (Linnaeus, 1758), a native polar species. Clams were subjected to a thermal stress, mimicking a MHW, and harvesting stress in a controlled environment. Seven acute temperature changes (2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, and 32 °C) were tested at two harvesting disturbance intensities (with, without). Survival was measured after 12 days and three tissues (gills, mantle, and posterior adductor muscle) collected from surviving individuals for targeted metabolomic profiling. MHW tolerance differed significantly between species: 26.9 °C for M. arenaria and 17.8 °C for M. truncata, with a negligeable effect of harvesting. At the upper thermal limit, M. arenaria displayed a more profound metabolomic remodelling when compared to M. truncata, and this varied greatly between tissue types. Network analysis revealed differences in pathway utilization at the upper MHW limit, with M. arenaria displaying a greater reliance on multiple DNA repair and expression and cell signalling pathways, while M. truncata was limited to fewer pathways. This suggests that M. truncata is ill equipped to cope with warming environments. MHW patterning in the Northwest Atlantic may be a strong predictor of population survival and future range shifts in these two clam species. As polar environments undergo faster rates of warming compared to the global average, M. truncata may be outcompeted by M. arenaria expanding into its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beaudreau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Tessa M Page
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - David Drolet
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher W McKindsey
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Demersal and Benthic Science Branch, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, Québec, Canada
| | - Kimberly L Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Arctic and Aquatic Research Division, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Piero Calosi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Écologique et Évolutive Marine, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
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6
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Huldani H, Malviya J, Rodrigues P, Hjazi A, Deorari MM, Al-Hetty HRAK, Qasim QA, Alasheqi MQ, Ihsan A. Discovering the strength of immunometabolism in cancer therapy: Employing metabolic pathways to enhance immune responses. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3934. [PMID: 38379261 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Immunometabolism, which studies cellular metabolism and immune cell function, is a possible cancer treatment. Metabolic pathways regulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions, crucial to tumor identification and elimination. Immune evasion and tumor growth can result from tumor microenvironment metabolic dysregulation. These metabolic pathways can boost antitumor immunity. This overview discusses immune cell metabolism, including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Amino acid and lipid metabolic manipulations may improve immune cell activity and antitumor immunity. Combination therapy using immunometabolism-based strategies may enhance therapeutic efficacy. The complexity of the metabolic network, biomarker development, challenges, and future approaches are all covered, along with a summary of case studies demonstrating the effectiveness of immunometabolism-based therapy. Metabolomics, stable isotope tracing, single-cell analysis, and computational modeling are also reviewed for immunometabolism research. Personalized and combination treatments are considered. This review adds to immunometabolism expertise and sheds light on metabolic treatments' ability to boost cancer treatment immunological response. Also, in this review, we discussed the immune response in cancer treatment and altering metabolic pathways to increase the immune response against malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Jitendra Malviya
- Institute of Advance Bioinformatics, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Paul Rodrigues
- Department of Computer Engineering, King Khalid University, Al-Faraa, Asir-Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Medha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | | | | | | | - Ali Ihsan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Techniques, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
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Norouzi Kamareh M, Samadi M, Arabzadeh E, Abdollahi M, Sheidaei S, Riyahi Malayeri S, Schlicht J, Shirvani H, Rostamkhani F. The effect of 24-hour sleep deprivation and anaerobic exercise on the expression of BAX, BCL2, BMAL1 and CCAR2 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after L-arginine supplementation. Gene 2023; 887:147732. [PMID: 37625565 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation disrupt the circadian clock and exercise performance. Defective oxidative stress caused by sleep deprivation may affect the expression of genes involved in cell apoptosis. Since a number of studies have shown the anti-apoptotic effect of L-arginine, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of L-arginine supplementation on the expression of brain and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1), cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2), and BAX and BCL2 genes during sleep deprivation and acute anaerobic exercise. Participants included 20 healthy men age 26-35 years, randomized into the L-arginine intervention group (n = 10) and a placebo control (n = 10). The running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) was used for anaerobic exercise. Intervention subjects took one 1000 mg L-arginine tablet daily for 8 weeks. The Real-Time PCR method was used to determine apoptosis gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Acute anaerobic exercise and sleep deprivation both increased the expression of BAX and CCAR2 genes, and decreased the expression of BCL2 and BMAL1 genes (p < 0.05 for all). L-arginine supplementation increased the expression of BMAL1 and BCL2 genes and decreased the expression of BAX and CCAR2 genes relative to control (p < 0.05). L-Arginine controlled the increase in expression of BAX and CCAR2 genes and the decrease in expression of BCL2 and BMAL1 genes in response to sleep deprivation and acute anaerobic exercise (p < 0.05). Our results showed that 24-hour sleep deprivation and acute anaerobic exercise increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX and CCAR2) and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2 and BMAL1), although the effect of sleep deprivation is greater. In this situation, L-arginine supplementation may balance the apoptotic state of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, any recommendation about this needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirzahossein Norouzi Kamareh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahkameh Abdollahi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra Sheidaei
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Riyahi Malayeri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jeffrey Schlicht
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise Sciences, Western Connecticut State University, Danbury, CT 06810, USA
| | - Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rostamkhani
- Department of Biology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Russo MA, Garaci E, Frustaci A, Fini M, Costantini C, Oikonomou V, Nunzi E, Puccetti P, Romani L. Host-microbe tryptophan partitioning in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106994. [PMID: 37972721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The functional interdependencies between the molecular components of a biological process demand for a network medicine platform that integrates systems biology and network science, to explore the interactions among biological components in health and disease. Access to large-scale omics datasets (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics, etc.) has significantly advanced our opportunity along this direction. Studies utilizing these techniques have begun to provide us with a deeper understanding of how the interaction between the intestinal microbes and their host affects the cardiovascular system in health and disease. Within the framework of a multiomics network approach, we highlight here how tryptophan metabolism may orchestrate the host-microbes interaction in cardiovascular diseases and the implications for precision medicine and therapeutics, including nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Antonio Russo
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Garaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fini
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- University San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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9
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Zhang S, Cao Y, Xu C, Wang G, Huang Y, Bao W, Zhang S. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal metabolic responses to TGEV infection in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 38116760 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus that infects piglets with severe diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. The underlying pathogenesis of TGEV infection and the effects of TGEV infection on host metabolites remain poorly understood. To investigate the critical metabolites and regulatory factors during TGEV infection in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells by LC/MS and RNA-seq techniques. A total of 87 differential metabolites and 489 differentially expressed genes were detected. A series of metabolites and candidate genes from glutathione metabolism and AMPK signalling pathway were examined through combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome. We found glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) is markedly reduced after TGEV infection, and a significant negative correlation between AMPK signalling pathway and TGEV infection. Exogenous addition of the AMPK activator COH-SR4 significantly downregulates stearoyl coenzyme A (SCD1) mRNA and inhibits TGEV replication; while exogenous GSK-690693 significantly promotes TGEV infection by inhibiting AMPK signalling pathway. In summary, our study provides insights into the key metabolites and regulators for TGEV infection from the metabolome and transcriptome perspective, which will offer promising antiviral metabolic and molecular targets and enrich the understanding of the existence of a similar mechanism in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Guangzheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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10
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Ostojska M, Nowak E, Twardowska J, Lejman M, Zawitkowska J. CAR-T Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1595. [PMID: 38003910 PMCID: PMC10672004 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic system, especially from progenitor or mature B-cells, T-cells, or natural killer (NK) cells. NHL is the most common hematological malignancy worldwide and also the fourth most frequent type of cancer among pediatric patients. This cancer can occur in children of any age, but it is quite rare under the age of 5 years. In recent decades, available medicines and therapies have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with this cancer. However, some cases of NHL are treatment resistant. For this reason, immunotherapy, as a more targeted and personalized treatment strategy, is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of NHL in pediatric patients. The objective of the following review is to gather the latest available research results, conducted among pediatric and/or adult patients with NHL, regarding one immunotherapy method, i.e., chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. We focus on assessing the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy, which mainly targets B cell markers, CD19, CD20, and CD22, their connections with one another, sequential treatment, or connections with co-stimulatory molecules. In addition, we also evaluate the safety, aftermath (especially neurotoxicities) and limitations of CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ostojska
- Student’s Scientific Association of the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.); (E.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Emilia Nowak
- Student’s Scientific Association of the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.); (E.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Julia Twardowska
- Student’s Scientific Association of the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.O.); (E.N.); (J.T.)
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Zawitkowska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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11
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Zheng X, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Chu Y, Yang W. The role of amino acid metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284133. [PMID: 37936710 PMCID: PMC10626463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic symptom of the occurrence and development of many diseases, which is mainly characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages and granulocytes, and the increased release of proinflammatory factors. Subsequently, macrophage differentiates and T cells and other regulated factors exhibit anti-inflammatory function, releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to maintain homeostasis. Although reports define various degrees of metabolic disorders in both the inflamed and non-inflamed parts of inflammatory diseases, little is known about the changes in amino acid metabolism in such conditions. This review aims to summarize amino acid changes and mechanisms involved in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other inflammatory diseases. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) have been found to show promising effects in the treatment of IBD and other inflammatory diseases,their potential in the modulation of amino acid metabolism in the treatment of inflammation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The People’s Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Zhao E, Dong L, Zhao H, Zhang H, Zhang T, Yuan S, Jiao J, Chen K, Sheng J, Yang H, Wang P, Li G, Qin Q. A Relationship Prediction Method for Magnaporthe oryzae-Rice Multi-Omics Data Based on WGCNA and Graph Autoencoder. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1007. [PMID: 37888263 PMCID: PMC10607591 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae Oryzae (MoO) pathotype is a devastating fungal pathogen of rice; however, its pathogenic mechanism remains poorly understood. The current research is primarily focused on single-omics data, which is insufficient to capture the complex cross-kingdom regulatory interactions between MoO and rice. To address this limitation, we proposed a novel method called Weighted Gene Autoencoder Multi-Omics Relationship Prediction (WGAEMRP), which combines weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and graph autoencoder to predict the relationship between MoO-rice multi-omics data. We applied WGAEMRP to construct a MoO-rice multi-omics heterogeneous interaction network, which identified 18 MoO small RNAs (sRNAs), 17 rice genes, 26 rice mRNAs, and 28 rice proteins among the key biomolecules. Most of the mined functional modules and enriched pathways were related to gene expression, protein composition, transportation, and metabolic processes, reflecting the infection mechanism of MoO. Compared to previous studies, WGAEMRP significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of multi-omics data integration and analysis. This approach lays out a solid data foundation for studying the biological process of MoO infecting rice, refining the regulatory network of pathogenic markers, and providing new insights for developing disease-resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enshuang Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Liyan Dong
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hengyi Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Tianyue Zhang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Shuai Yuan
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Jiao Jiao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Kang Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (E.Z.); (L.D.); (H.Z.); (T.Z.); (J.J.); (K.C.); (J.S.)
| | - Hongbo Yang
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Pengyu Wang
- College of Software, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (P.W.)
| | - Guihua Li
- College of Plant Science, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Qingming Qin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI 65211-7310, USA;
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13
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Guo Y, Wei S, Yin M, Cao D, Li Y, Wen C, Zhou J. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Reveals Stage-Specific Metabolic Signatures of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Metabolites 2023; 13:1058. [PMID: 37887383 PMCID: PMC10608640 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of chronic rheumatic immune disease, and the crucial point of AS treatment is identifying the correct stage of the disease. However, there is a lack of effective diagnostic methods for AS staging. The primary objective of this study was to perform an untargeted metabolomic approach in AS patients in an effort to reveal metabolic differences between patients in remission and acute stages. Serum samples from 40 controls and 57 AS patients were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-four kinds of differential metabolites were identified between the healthy controls and AS patients, mainly involving valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, etc. Furthermore, the levels of fatty acids (linoleate, dodecanoate, hexadecanoate, and octadecanoate), amino acids (serine and pyroglutamate), 2-hydroxybutanoate, glucose, etc., were lower in patients in the acute stage than those in the remission stage, which may be associated with the aggravated inflammatory response and elevated oxidative stress in the acute stage. Multiple stage-specific metabolites were significantly correlated with inflammatory indicators (CRP and ESR). In addition, the combination of serum 2-hydroxybutanoate and hexadecanoate plays a significant role in the diagnosis of AS stages. These metabolomics-based findings provide new perspectives for AS staging, treatment, and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuangshuang Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengdi Yin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dandan Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yiling Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengping Wen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Y.G.); (S.W.); (M.Y.); (D.C.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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14
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Yang W, Yang Y, Wang L, Lv X, Li J, Cui H, Tang C, Zhao Q, Jia Y, Qin Y, Zhang J. Comparative characterization of flavor precursors and volatiles of Taihe black-boned silky fowl and Hy-line Brown yolks using multiomics and GC-O-MS-based volatilomics. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113168. [PMID: 37689921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Eggs are nutritious and highly valued by consumers. However, egg flavor varies greatly among different hen breeds. The present study used gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry-based volatilomics to identify and compare volatile compounds in Taihe black-boned silky fowl (TS) and Hy-line Brown (HL) egg yolks. In addition, the relationships between the levels of different metabolites and lipids and flavor-associated differences were investigated using multiomics. Twenty-eight odorants in total were identified; among them, the levels of 3-methyl-butanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-pentylfuran, and (E, E)-2,4-decadienal differed significantly (P < 0.05) between TS and HL egg yolks. The difference in flavor compounds results in TS egg yolks having a stronger overall odor and flavor and a higher acceptance level than HL egg yolks. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 112 metabolites in the egg yolks were significantly different between the two breeds. Furthermore, these different metabolites in the egg yolks of both breeds were significantly enriched in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways and phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways (P < 0.05), as identified by both metabolite set enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Lipidomic analysis revealed significant differences in the lipid subclasses, lipid molecules, and fatty acid profiles between the egg yolks from the two breeds. As a result, 48 lipid molecules had variable influence in projection values > 1 based on the partial least squares regression model, which may play a role in the differences in aroma characteristics between the two breeds through oxidative degradation of fatty acids. Our study revealed the metabolite, lipid, and volatility profiles of TS and HL egg yolks and may provide an important basis for improving egg flavor to satisfy various consumer preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Youyou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Xueze Lv
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing 100107, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaxiong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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15
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Liao LS, Xiao ZJ, Wang JL, Liu TJ, Huang FD, Zhong YP, Zhang X, Chen KH, Du RL, Dong MY. A Four Amino Acid Metabolism-Associated Genes (AMGs) Signature for Predicting Overall Survival Outcomes and Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10502-w. [PMID: 37658254 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites are important indicators of cancer and mutations in genes involved in amino acid metabolism may influence tumorigenesis. Immunotherapy is an effective cancer treatment option; however, its relationship with amino acid metabolism has not been reported. In this study, RNA-seq data for 371 liver cancer patients were acquired from TCGA and used as the training set. Data for 231 liver cancer patients were obtained from ICGC and used as the validation set to establish a gene signature for predicting liver cancer overall survival outcomes and immunotherapeutic responses. Four reliable groups based on 132 amino acid metabolism-related DEGs were obtained by consistent clustering of 371 HCC patients and a four-gene signature for prediction of liver cancer survival outcomes was developed. Our data show that in different clinical groups, the overall survival outcomes in the high-risk group were markedly low relative to the low-risk group. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the characteristics of the 4-gene signature were independent prognostic factors for liver cancer. The ROC curve revealed that the risk characteristic is an efficient predictor for 1-, 2-, and 3-year HCC survival outcomes. The GSVA and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that high-risk score tumors were associated with all aspects of the degree of malignancy in liver cancer. There were more mutant genes and greater immune infiltrations in the high-risk groups. Assessment of the three immunotherapeutic cohorts established that low-risk score patients significantly benefited from immunotherapy. Then, we established a prognostic nomogram based on the TCGA cohort. In conclusion, the 4-gene signature is a reliable diagnostic marker and predictor for immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Sheng Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (For Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98, Chengxiang Road, Youjiang District, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- School of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zi-Jun Xiao
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Jun Liu
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Feng-Die Huang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhong
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ke-Heng Chen
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Run-Lei Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Ming-You Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology (For Hepatobiliary Diseases) of Guangxi, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 98, Chengxiang Road, Youjiang District, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
- School of Medical Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, Guangxi, China.
- Modern Industrial College of Biomedicine and Great Health, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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16
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Yuan D, Chen J, Zhao Z, Qin H. Metabolomics analysis of visceral leishmaniasis based on urine of golden hamsters. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:304. [PMID: 37649093 PMCID: PMC10469881 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases and is spread mainly in impoverished regions of the world. Although many studies have focused on the host's response to Leishmania invasion, relatively less is known about the complex processes at the metabolic level, especially the metabolic alterations in the infected hosts. METHODS In this study, we conducted metabolomics analysis on the urine of golden hamsters in the presence or absence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system tandem high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The metabolic characteristics of urine samples, along with the histopathological change and the parasite burden of liver and spleen tissues, were detected at 4 and 12 weeks post infection (WPI), respectively. RESULTS Amino acid metabolism was extensively affected at both stages of VL progression. Meanwhile, there were also distinct metabolic features at different stages. At 4 WPI, the significantly affected metabolic pathways involved alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), histidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and tyrosine metabolism. At 12 WPI, the markedly enriched metabolic pathways were almost concentrated on amino acid metabolism, including tyrosine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. The dysregulated metabolites and metabolic pathways at 12 WPI were obviously less than those at 4 WPI. In addition, seven metabolites that were dysregulated at both stages through partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) tests were screened to be of diagnostic potential. The combination of these metabolites as a potential biomarker panel showed satisfactory performance in distinguishing infection groups from control groups as well as among different stages of infection. CONCLUSION Our findings could provide valuable information for further understanding of the host response to Leishmania infection from the aspect of the urine metabolome. The proposed urine biomarker panel could help in the development of a novel approach for the diagnosis and prognosis of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hanxiao Qin
- Clinical Trial Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610021, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Ming S, Qu S, Wu Y, Wei J, Zhang G, Jiang G, Huang X. COVID-19 Metabolomic-Guided Amino Acid Therapy Protects from Inflammation and Disease Sequelae. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200265. [PMID: 36775870 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic since 2019. A metabolic disorder is a contributing factor to deaths from COVID-19. However, the underlying mechanism of metabolic dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and the potential interventions are not elucidated. Here targeted plasma metabolomic is performed, and the metabolite profiles among healthy controls, and asymptomatic, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients are compared. Among the altered metabolites, arachidonic acid and linolenic acid pathway metabolites are profoundly up-regulated in COVID-19 patients. Arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathways are significantly disturbed in asymptomatic patients. In the comparison of metabolite variances among the groups, higher levels of l-citrulline and l-glutamine are found in asymptomatic carriers and moderate or severe patients at the remission stage. Furthermore, l-citrulline and l-glutamine combination therapy is demonstrated to effectively protect mice from coronavirus infection and endotoxin-induced sepsis, and is observed to efficiently prevent the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis and central nervous system damage. Collectively, the data reveal the metabolite profile of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients and propose a potential strategy for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ming
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | - Siying Qu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Jiayou Wei
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Center for Infection and Immunity and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518100, China
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18
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Torres N, Tobón-Cornejo S, Velazquez-Villegas LA, Noriega LG, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Tovar AR. Amino Acid Catabolism: An Overlooked Area of Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:3378. [PMID: 37571315 PMCID: PMC10421169 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids have been extensively studied in nutrition, mainly as key elements for maintaining optimal protein synthesis in the body as well as precursors of various nitrogen-containing compounds. However, it is now known that amino acid catabolism is an important element for the metabolic control of different biological processes, although it is still a developing field to have a deeper understanding of its biological implications. The mechanisms involved in the regulation of amino acid catabolism now include the contribution of the gut microbiota to amino acid oxidation and metabolite generation in the intestine, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional control, and the participation of specific miRNAs involved in the regulation of amino acid degrading enzymes. In addition, molecules derived from amino acid catabolism play a role in metabolism as they are used in the epigenetic regulation of many genes. Thus, this review aims to examine the mechanisms of amino acid catabolism and to support the idea that this process is associated with the immune response, abnormalities during obesity, in particular insulin resistance, and the regulation of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No 15. Col Belisario Domínguez-Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.T.); (S.T.-C.); (L.A.V.-V.); (L.G.N.); (G.A.-E.)
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng H, Li S, Qiu HJ. Cellular metabolism hijacked by viruses for immunoevasion: potential antiviral targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228811. [PMID: 37559723 PMCID: PMC10409484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Immune cells utilize metabolic pathways to modulate the cellular differentiation or death. The intricate interplay between metabolism and immune response is critical for maintaining homeostasis and effective antiviral activities. In recent years, immunometabolism induced by viral infections has been extensively investigated, and accumulating evidence has indicated that cellular metabolism can be hijacked to facilitate viral replication. Generally, virus-induced changes in cellular metabolism lead to the reprogramming of metabolites and metabolic enzymes in different pathways (glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism). Metabolic reprogramming affects the function of immune cells, regulates the expression of immune molecules and determines cell fate. Therefore, it is important to explore the effector molecules with immunomodulatory properties, including metabolites, metabolic enzymes, and other immunometabolism-related molecules as the antivirals. This review summarizes the relevant advances in the field of metabolic reprogramming induced by viral infections, providing novel insights for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Su Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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20
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Pierozan P, Källsten L, Theodoropoulou E, Almamoun R, Karlsson O. Persistent immunosuppressive effects of dibutyl phthalate exposure in adult male mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162741. [PMID: 36914131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased exposure to manmade chemicals may be linked to an increase in immune-related diseases in humans and immune system dysfunction in wildlife. Phthalates are a group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) suspected to influence the immune system. The aim of this study was to characterize the persistent effects on leukocytes in the blood and spleen, as well as plasma cytokine and growth factor levels, one week after the end of five weeks of oral treatment with dibutyl phthalate (DBP; 10 or 100 mg/kg/d) in adult male mice. Flow cytometry analysis of the blood revealed that DBP exposure decreased the total leukocyte count, classical monocyte and T helper (Th) populations, whereas it increased the non-classical monocyte population compared to the vehicle control (corn oil). Immunofluorescence analysis of the spleen showed increased CD11b+Ly6G+ (marker of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells; PMN-MDSCs), and CD43+staining (marker of non-classical monocytes), whereas CD3+ (marker of total T cells) and CD4+ (marker of Th cells) staining decreased. To investigate the mechanisms of action, levels of plasma cytokines and chemokines were measured using multiplexed immunoassays and other key factors were analyzed using western blotting. The observed increase in M-CSF levels and the activation of STAT3 may promote PMN-MDSC expansion and activity. Increased ARG1, NOX2 (gp91phox), and protein nitrotyrosine levels, as well as GCN2 and phosphor-eIRFα, suggest that oxidative stress and lymphocyte arrest drive the lymphocyte suppression caused by PMN-MDSCs. The plasma levels of IL-21 (promotes the differentiation of Th cells) and MCP-1 (regulates migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages) also decreased. These findings show that adult DBP exposure can cause persistent immunosuppressive effects, which may increase susceptibility to infections, cancers, and immune diseases, and decrease vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pierozan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Liselott Källsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Theodoropoulou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Radwa Almamoun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden.
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Guan X, Du Y, Ma R, Teng N, Ou S, Zhao H, Li X. Construction of the XGBoost model for early lung cancer prediction based on metabolic indices. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2023; 23:107. [PMID: 37312179 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-023-02171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a malignant tumour, and early diagnosis has been shown to improve the survival rate of lung cancer patients. In this study, we assessed the use of plasma metabolites as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis. In this work, we used a novel interdisciplinary mechanism, applied for the first time to lung cancer, to detect biomarkers for early lung cancer diagnosis by combining metabolomics and machine learning approaches. RESULTS In total, 478 lung cancer patients and 370 subjects with benign lung nodules were enrolled from a hospital in Dalian, Liaoning Province. We selected 47 serum amino acid and carnitine indicators from targeted metabolomics studies using LC‒MS/MS and age and sex demographic indicators of the subjects. After screening by a stepwise regression algorithm, 16 metrics were included. The XGBoost model in the machine learning algorithm showed superior predictive power (AUC = 0.81, accuracy = 75.29%, sensitivity = 74%), with the metabolic biomarkers ornithine and palmitoylcarnitine being potential biomarkers to screen for lung cancer. The machine learning model XGBoost is proposed as an tool for early lung cancer prediction. This study provides strong support for the feasibility of blood-based screening for metabolites and provide a safer, faster and more accurate tool for early diagnosis of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes an interdisciplinary approach combining metabolomics with a machine learning model (XGBoost) to predict early the occurrence of lung cancer. The metabolic biomarkers ornithine and palmitoylcarnitine showed significant power for early lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Guan
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Yue Du
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Rufei Ma
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Nan Teng
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Shu Ou
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Health Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, China.
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22
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Wang W, Xu L, Cao Y, Liu G, Lin Q, Mao X. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Changes Reveal the Immunomodulatory Function of Casein Phosphopeptide-Selenium Chelate in Beagle Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050345. [PMID: 37235428 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptide-selenium chelate (CPP-Se) is an organic compound produced by the chelation of casein phosphopeptide with selenium. This compound showed the ability to modulate canine immune response in our previous study; but its effect on the peripheral blood transcriptome and serum metabolome was unknown. This study aims to reveal the potential mechanism behind the immunomodulatory function of CPP-Se. We have identified 341 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CPP-Se groups as compared to the control group which comprised 110 up-regulated and 231 down-regulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis found that DEGs were mainly involved in immune-related signaling pathways. Moreover, the immune-related DEGs and hub genes were identified. Similarly, metabolomics identified 53 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the CPP-Se group, of which 17 were up-regulated and 36 were down-regulated. The pathways mainly enriched by DEMs were primary bile acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and other amino acids metabolic pathways. Combined analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data showed that the DEGs and DEMs were commonly enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolic pathways. Taken together, our findings provided a theoretical basis for further understanding of the immunomodulatory function of CPP-Se as well as a scientific reference for the future use of CPP-Se in pet foods as a dietary supplement to modulate the immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Wang
- Chongqing Sweet Pet Products Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Chongqing Sweet Pet Products Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qianru Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Chongqing Sweet Pet Products Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400000, China
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Liu X, Wang L, Choera T, Fang X, Wang G, Chen W, Lee YW, Mohamed SR, Dawood DH, Shi J, Xu J, Keller NP. Paralogous FgIDO genes with differential roles in tryptophan catabolism, fungal development and virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127382. [PMID: 37030080 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (Ido) is a tryptophan-degrading enzyme that is widely distributed across species. Ido catalyzes the first step of tryptophan (TRP) degradation and drives the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) coenzymes via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses a single IDO gene (BNA2) that is responsible for NAD+ synthesis, whereas a number of fungal species contain multiple IDO genes. However, the biological roles of IDO paralogs in plant pathogens remain unclear. In the current study, we identified three FgIDOs from the wheat head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum. FgIDOA/B/C expression was significantly induced upon TRP treatment. Targeted disruption of FgIDOA and/or FgIDOB caused different levels of NAD+ auxotrophy, thus resulting in pleotropic phenotypic defects. Loss of FgIDOA resulted in abnormal conidial morphology, reduced mycelial growth, decreased virulence in wheat heads and reduced deoxynivalenol accumulation. Exogenous addition of KYN or various intermediates involved in the KYN pathway rescued auxotrophy of the mutants. Metabolomics analysis revealed shifts toward alternative TRP degradation pathways to melatonin and indole derivatives in mutants lacking FgIDOB. Upregulation of partner genes in auxotrophic mutants and the capacity to rescue the auxotroph by overexpressing a partner gene indicated functional complementation among FgIDOA/B/C. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into differential roles in paralogous FgIDOs and how fungal TRP catabolism modulates fungal development and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, WI, USA; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tsokyi Choera
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, WI, USA
| | - Xin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sherif Ramzy Mohamed
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Dawood H Dawood
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706, WI, USA.
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Zhao Z, Fan Y, Cui Y, Yang L, Wu Y, Yuan Y, Zhang P, Zhao R, Ji J, Xu S, Qin X, Liu XJ. Integration of serum metabolomics and network pharmacology reveals the immunoenhancing mechanisms of Qishenbuqi capsules. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:201-215. [PMID: 37125330 PMCID: PMC10141780 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Qishenbuqi capsule (QSBQC), a listed Chinese patent prescription, comprises of 4 herbs. Clinically, it has been shown to improve immune functions. Methods Subjects with Qi deficiency and non-Qi deficiency were recruited, who then took QSBQC for 4 weeks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and the levels of white blood cells, CD3+ T cells (CD3+), CD4+ T cells (CD3+CD4+), CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+), and CD4+/CD8+ were determined. Serum metabolomics was used to explore the metabolic mechanisms of QSBQC on improving immunity. Meanwhile, the potential active ingredients, targets, and pathways of QSBQC on enhancing immunity were screened by network pharmacology. Results QSBQC significantly improved TCM syndrome scores and increased the number of CD8+ T cells of both Qi deficiency and non-Qi deficiency subjects. Serum metabolomics revealed that QSBQC regulated 18 differential metabolites and 8 metabolic pathways of Qi deficiency, and 12 differential metabolites and 7 metabolic pathways of non-Qi deficiency subjects. The "herbs-compounds-pathways" diagram showed that PQ-2, cimifugin, and divaricatol were the main active components. Pathways in cancer and arginine and proline metabolism could be the most important pathways. Conclusion Our research revealed the immunoenhancing mechanisms of QSBQC and improved the combination of TCM theory and modern western medicine theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuhui Fan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yutao Cui
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Taiyuan, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Ruping Zhao
- Taiyuan Jinyuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jianjun Ji
- Guangshengyuan TCM Co., Ltd, Datong 037300, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Guangshengyuan TCM Co., Ltd, Datong 037300, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiao-jie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Apaydın H, Koca Bicer C, Feyza Yurt E, Abdulkadir Serdar M, Dogan İ, Erten S. Elevated Kynurenine Levels in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Lab Med 2023; 54:166-172. [PMID: 36053233 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the plasma levels of tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS The study included 34 pSS patients and 42 healthy individuals, and serum Trp and kynurenine (Kyn) concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Trp degradation was predicted using the ratio of Kyn and Trp concentrations (Kyn/Trp). RESULTS In our study, the mean serum Trp concentration was found to be considerably lower in the pSS group than in the control group (P = .001). The levels of Kyn (P = .019) and the Kyn/Trp ratio (P < .001) were significantly higher in the pSS group than in the control group. The Kyn/Trp ratio was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (r = -0.369, P = .032). CONCLUSION We found that Kyn pathway metabolism was altered in patients with pSS. This suggests that Trp metabolism may be closely linked to the disease pathogenesis of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Apaydın
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Koca Bicer
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Feyza Yurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - İsmail Dogan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Rong HM, Kang HYJ, Tong ZH. Metabolomic Profiling of Lungs from Mice Reveals the Variability of Metabolites in Pneumocystis Infection and the Metabolic Abnormalities in BAFF-R-Deficient Mice. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1357-1373. [PMID: 37006807 PMCID: PMC10065423 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s394608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been increasing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in Pneumocystis infection and the metabolic abnormalities in B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R)-deficient mice with Pneumocystis infection. Methods The important function of B cells during Pneumocystis infection is increasingly recognized. In this study, a Pneumocystis-infected mouse model was constructed in BAFF-R-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Lungs of uninfected WT C57BL/6, WT Pneumocystis-infected, and BAFF-R-/- Pneumocystis-infected mice were used for metabolomic analyses to compare the metabolomic profiles among the groups, with the aim of exploring the metabolic influence of Pneumocystis infection and the influence of mature B-cell deficiency during infection. Results The results indicated that many metabolites, mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules, were dysregulated in Pneumocystis-infected WT mice compared with uninfected WT C57BL/6 mice. The data also demonstrated significant changes in tryptophan metabolism, and the expression levels of key enzymes of tryptophan metabolism, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), were significantly upregulated. In addition, B-cell development and function might be associated with lipid metabolism. We found a lower level of alitretinoin and the abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism in BAFF-R-/- Pneumocystis-infected mice. The mRNA levels of enzymes associated with fatty acid metabolism in the lung were upregulated in BAFF-R-/- Pneumocystis-infected mice and positively correlated with the level of IL17A, thus suggesting that the abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism may be associated with greater inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissue of BAFF-R-/- Pneumocystis-infected mice compared with the WT Pneumocystis-infected mice. Conclusion Our data revealed the variability of metabolites in Pneumocystis-infected mice, suggesting that the metabolism plays a vital role in the immune response to Pneumocystis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Mo Rong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-Yu-Jie Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhao-Hui Tong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gong Ti South Road, Chao yang District, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13910930309, Email
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Sadri H, Ghaffari MH, Sauerwein H. Invited review: Muscle protein breakdown and its assessment in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:822-842. [PMID: 36460512 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of body reserves including fat, protein, and glycogen is necessary to overcome phases of negative nutrient balance typical for high-yielding dairy cows during the periparturient period. Skeletal muscle, the largest internal organ in mammals, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, unlike in liver and adipose tissue, the metabolic and regulatory role of skeletal muscle in the adaptation of dairy cows to the physiological needs of pregnancy and lactation has not been studied extensively. The functional integrity and quality of skeletal muscle are maintained through a constant turnover of protein, resulting from both protein breakdown and protein synthesis. Thus, muscle protein breakdown (MPB) and synthesis are intimately connected and tightly controlled to ensure proper protein homeostasis. Understanding the regulation of MPB, the catabolic component of muscle turnover, and its assessment are therefore important considerations to provide information about the timing and extent of tissue mobilization in periparturient dairy cows. Based on animal models and human studies, it is now evident that MPB occurs via the integration of 3 main systems: autophagy-lysosomal, calpain Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These 3 main systems are interconnected and do not work separately, and the regulation is complex. The ubiquitin-proteasomal system is the most well-known cellular proteolytic system and plays a fundamental role in muscle physiology. Complete degradation of a protein often requires a combination of the systems, depending on the physiological situation. Determination of MPB in dairy cows is technically challenging, resulting in a relative dearth of information. The methods for assessing MPB can be divided into either direct or indirect measurements, both having their strengths and limitations. Available information on the direct measures of MPB primarily comes from stable isotopic tracer methods and those of indirect measurements from assessing expression and activity measures of the components of the 3 MPB systems in muscle biopsy samples. Other indirect approaches (i.e., potential indicators of MPB), including ultrasound imaging and measuring metabolites from muscle degradation (i.e., 3-methylhistidine and creatinine), seem to be applicable methods and can provide useful information about the extent and timing of MPB. This review presents our current understanding, including methodological considerations, of the process of MPB in periparturient dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 5166616471 Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Liu S, Xu Q, Wang Y, Lv Y, Liu QQ. Metabolomics combined with clinical analysis explores metabolic changes and potential serum metabolite biomarkers of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with renal impairment. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15051. [PMID: 36942002 PMCID: PMC10024486 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune systemic disease, and the majority of AAV patients have renal involvement presenting as rapid progressive glomerulonephritis (GN). Currently, the clinically available AAV markers are limited, and some of the newly reported markers are still in the nascent stage. The particular mechanism of the level changes of various markers and their association with the pathogenesis of AAV are not well defined. With the help of metabolomics analysis, this study aims to explore metabolic changes in AAV patients with renal involvement and lay the foundation for the discovery of novel biomarkers for AAV-related kidney damage. Methods We performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based on serum samples from patients with AAV (N = 33) and healthy controls (N = 33) in order to characterize the serum metabolic profiling. The principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to identify the differential metabolites. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) analysis were further conducted to identify the potential diagnostic biomarker. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the identified potential biomarker. Results A total of 455 metabolites were detected by LC-MS analysis. PCA and OPLS-DA demonstrated a significant difference between AAV patients with renal involvement and healthy controls, and 135 differentially expressed metabolites were selected, with 121 upregulated and 14 downregulated. Ninety-two metabolic pathways were annotated and enriched based on the KEGG database. N-acetyl-L-leucine, Acetyl-DL-Valine, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, and the combination of 1-methylhistidine and Asp-phe could accurately distinguish AAV patients with renal involvement from healthy controls. And 1-methylhistidine was found to be significantly associated with the progression and prognosis of AAV with renal impairment. Amino acid metabolism exhibits significant alternations in AAV with renal involvement. Conclusion This study identified metabolomic differences between AAV patients with renal involvement and non-AAV individuals. Metabolites that could accurately distinguish patients with AAV renal impairment from healthy controls in this study, and metabolites that were significantly associated with disease progression and prognosis were screened out. Overall, this study provides information on changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways for future studies of AAV-related kidney damage and lays a foundation for the exploration of new biomarkers of AAV-related kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Health Management Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing quan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Bae G, Berezhnoy G, Koch A, Cannet C, Schäfer H, Kommoss S, Brucker S, Beziere N, Trautwein C. Stratification of ovarian cancer borderline from high-grade serous carcinoma patients by quantitative serum NMR spectroscopy of metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1158330. [PMID: 37168255 PMCID: PMC10166069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional diagnosis is based on histology or clinical-stage classification which provides no information on tumor metabolism and inflammation, which, however, are both hallmarks of cancer and are directly associated with prognosis and severity. This project was an exploratory approach to profile metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammation parameters (glycoprotein A and glycoprotein B) of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) for identifying additional useful serum markers and stratifying ovarian cancer patients in the future. Methods: This project included 201 serum samples of which 50 were received from BOT and 151 from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), respectively. All the serum samples were validated and phenotyped by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with in vitro diagnostics research (IVDr) standard operating procedures generating quantitative data on 38 metabolites, 112 lipoprotein parameters, and 5 inflammation markers. Uni- and multivariate statistics were applied to identify NMR-based alterations. Moreover, biomarker analysis was carried out with all NMR parameters and CA-125. Results: Ketone bodies, glutamate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, glycerol, and phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in HGSOC, while the same tumors showed significantly lower levels of alanine and histidine. Furthermore, alanine and histidine and formic acid decreased and increased, respectively, over the clinical stages. Inflammatory markers glycoproteins A and B (GlycA and GlycB) increased significantly over the clinical stages and were higher in HGSOC, alongside significant changes in lipoproteins. Lipoprotein subfractions of VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs increased significantly in HGSOC and over the clinical stages, while total plasma apolipoprotein A1 and A2 and a subfraction of HDLs decreased significantly over the clinical stages. Additionally, LDL triglycerides significantly increased in advanced ovarian cancer. In biomarker analysis, glycoprotein inflammation biomarkers behaved in the same way as the established clinical biomarker CA-125. Moreover, CA-125/GlycA, CA-125/GlycB, and CA-125/Glycs are potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Last, the quantitative inflammatory parameters clearly displayed unique patterns of metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125 in BOT and HGSOC with clinical stages I-IV. Conclusion: 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with commercial IVDr assays could detect and identify altered metabolites and lipoproteins relevant to EOC development and progression and show that inflammation (based on glycoproteins) increased along with malignancy. As inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, glycoproteins, thereof, are promising future serum biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of EOC. This was supported by the definition and stratification of three different inflammatory serum classes which characterize specific alternations in metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125, implicating that future diagnosis could be refined not only by diagnosed histology and/or clinical stages but also by glycoprotein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuntae Bae
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC 2124) “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christoph Trautwein,
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Abstract
Significance: Cancer immunotherapy has yielded striking antitumor effects in many cancers, yet the proportion of benefited patients is still limited. As key mediators of tumor suppression, CD8+ T cells are crucial for cancer immunotherapy. It has been widely appreciated that the modulation of CD8+ T cell immunity could be an effective way to further improve the therapeutic benefit of immunotherapy. Recent Advances: Emerging evidence has underlined a close link between metabolism and immune functions, providing a metabolism-immune axis that is increasingly investigated for understanding CD8+ T cell regulation. On the other hand, growing findings have reported that tumors adopt multiple approaches to induce metabolic reprogramming of CD8+ T cells, leading to compromised immunotherapy. Critical Issues: CD8+ T cell metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is often adapted to diminish antitumor immune responses and thereby evade from immune surveillance. A better understanding of metabolic regulation of CD8+ T cells in the TME is believed to hold promise for opening a new therapeutic window to further improve the benefit of immunotherapy. We herein review the mechanistic understanding of how CD8+ T cell metabolism is reprogrammed in the TME, mainly focusing on the impact of nutrient availability and bioactive molecules secreted by surrounding cells. Future Directions: Future research should pay attention to tumor heterogeneity in the metabolic microenvironment and associated immune responses. It is also important to include the trending opinion of "precision medicine" in cancer immunotherapies to tailor metabolic interventions for individual patients in combination with immunotherapy treatments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1234-1253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Xiang J, Liao Y, Peng G, Shen C. Identification of tryptophan metabolic gene-related subtypes, development of prognostic models, and characterization of tumor microenvironment infiltration in gliomas. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1037835. [PMID: 36407768 PMCID: PMC9673907 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1037835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation and immunotherapy of tumor microenvironment (TME) is a hot topic in recent years. However, the potential value of tryptophan metabolism genes in regulating TME and immunotherapy is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive study of glioma patients was carried out based on 40 tryptophan metabolic genes. Subsequently, these prognostic tryptophan metabolic genes are systematically associated with immunological characteristics and immunotherapy. A risk score model was constructed and verified in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) cohorts to provide guidance for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy of glioma patients. RESULTS We described the changes of tryptophan metabolism genes in 966 glioma samples from genetic and transcriptional fields and evaluated their expression patterns from two independent data sets. We identified two different molecular subtypes and found that two subtypes were associated with clinicopathological features, prognosis, TME cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). Then, four genes (IL4I1, CYP1A1, OGDHL, and ASMT) were screened out by univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis of tryptophan metabolism genes, and a risk score model for predicting the overall survival (OS) of glioma patients was constructed. And its predictive ability is verified using the CGGA database. At the same time, we verified the expression of IL4I1, CYP1A1, OGDHL, and ASMT four genes in glioma specimens and cell lines in GES4260 and GES15824. Therefore, we constructed a nomogram to improve the clinical applicability of the risk assessment model. The high risk score group, characterized by increased TMB and immune cell infiltration, was also sensitive to temozolomide immunotherapy. Our comprehensive analysis of tryptophan metabolic genes in gliomas shows that they play a potential role in tumor immune stromal microenvironment, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. CONCLUSION Tryptophan metabolism genes play an indispensable role in the complexity, diversity, and prognosis of TME. This risk score model based on tryptophan metabolism gene is a new predictor of clinical prognosis and immunotherapy response of glioma, and guides a more appropriate immunotherapy strategy for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwei Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenfu Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Yaghoobpoor S, Tavasol A, Jazi K, Mohamadkhani A, Klegeris A, McElhinney A, Mafi Z, Hajiesmaeili M, Sayehmiri F. Dynamic changes in kynurenine pathway metabolites in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013784. [PMID: 36426364 PMCID: PMC9680557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by axonal damage, demyelination, and perivascular inflammatory lesions in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS). Kynurenine pathway (KP), which is the major route of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, generates a variety of neurotoxic as well as neuroprotective compounds, affecting MS pathology and the severity of impairments. Alterations in KP have been described not only in MS, but also in various psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the previously reported dysregulation of KP and differences in its metabolites and enzymes in patients with MS compared to healthy control subjects. Method Electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science were searched to identify studies measuring concentrations of KP metabolites and enzymes in MS patients and control subjects. The following metabolites and enzymes implicated in the KP were investigated: TRP, kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), quinolinic acid (QUIN), picolinic acid (PIC), hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT), and their related ratios. Result Ten studies were included in our systematic review. Our review demonstrates that IDO expression is reduced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MS patients compared to healthy controls. Also, increased levels of QUIN and QUIN/KYNA in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MS patients is observed. Differences in levels of other metabolites and enzymes of KP are also reported in some of the reviewed studies, however there are discrepancies among the included reports. Conclusion The results of this investigation suggest a possible connection between alterations in the levels of KP metabolite or enzymes and MS. QUIN levels in CSF were higher in MS patients than in healthy controls, suggesting that QUIN may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS. The data indicate that differences in the serum/blood or CSF levels of certain KP metabolites and enzymes could potentially be used to differentiate between MS patients and control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Tavasol
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Jazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Alyssa McElhinney
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Zahedeh Mafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pallotta MT, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Coletti A, Orabona C, Macchiarulo A, Volpi C, Grohmann U. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1): an up-to-date overview of an eclectic immunoregulatory enzyme. FEBS J 2022; 289:6099-6118. [PMID: 34145969 PMCID: PMC9786828 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When discovered more than 50 years ago, IDO1 was thought to be an effector molecule capable of mediating a survival strategy based on the deprivation of bacteria and tumor cells of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Since 1998, when tryptophan catabolism was discovered to be crucially involved in the maintenance of maternal T-cell tolerance, IDO1 has become the focus of several laboratories around the world. Indeed, IDO1 is now considered as an authentic immune regulator not only in pregnancy, but also in autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and tumor immunity. However, in the last years, a bulk of new information-including structural, biological, and functional evidence-on IDO1 has come to light. For instance, we now know that IDO1 has a peculiar conformational plasticity and, in addition to a complex and highly regulated catalytic activity, is capable of performing a nonenzymic function that reprograms the expression profile of immune cells toward a highly immunoregulatory phenotype. With this state-of-the-art review, we aimed at gathering the most recent information obtained for this eclectic protein as well as at highlighting the major unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | | | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
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Morais RA, Teixeira GL, Ferreira SRS, Cifuentes A, Block JM. Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds of Native Brazilian Fruits of the Arecaceae Family and Its Potential Applications for Health Promotion. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194009. [PMID: 36235663 PMCID: PMC9571529 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits from the Arecaceae family, although being rich in bioactive compounds with potential benefits to health, have been underexplored. Studies on their composition, bioactive compounds, and effects of their consumption on health are also scarce. This review presents the composition of macro- and micronutrients, and bioactive compounds of fruits of the Arecaceae family such as bacaba, patawa, juçara, açaí, buriti, buritirana, and butiá. The potential use and reported effects of its consumption on health are also presented. The knowledge of these underutilized fruits is important to encourage production, commercialization, processing, and consumption. It can also stimulate their full use and improve the economy and social condition of the population where these fruits are found. Furthermore, it may help in future research on the composition, health effects, and new product development. Arecaceae fruits presented in this review are currently used as raw materials for producing beverages, candies, jams, popsicles, ice creams, energy drinks, and edible oils. The reported studies show that they are rich in phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, tocopherols, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids. Moreover, the consumption of these compounds has been associated with anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiobesity, and cardioprotective effects. These fruits have potential to be used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Despite their potential, some of them, such as buritirana and butiá, have been little explored and limited research has been conducted on their composition, biological effects, and applications. Therefore, more detailed investigations on the composition and mechanism of action based on in vitro and/or in vivo studies are needed for fruits from the Arecaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Alves Morais
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Gerson Lopes Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Jane Mara Block
- Graduate Program in Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (J.M.B.)
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Hu Y, Li J, Ni F, Yang Z, Gui X, Bao Z, Zhao H, Wei G, Wang Y, Zhang M, Hong R, Wang L, Wu W, Mohty M, Nagler A, Chang AH, van den Brink MRM, Li MD, Huang H. CAR-T cell therapy-related cytokine release syndrome and therapeutic response is modulated by the gut microbiome in hematologic malignancies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5313. [PMID: 36085303 PMCID: PMC9461447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy holds promise for hematologic malignancies, however, response rates and associated immune-related adverse effects widely vary among patients. Here we show, by comparing diversity and composition of the gut microbiome during different CAR-T therapeutic phases in the clinical trial ChiCTR1800017404, that the gut flora characteristically differs among patients and according to treatment stages, and might also reflect patient response to therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM; n = 43), acute lympholastic leukemia (ALL; n = 23) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 12). We observe significant temporal differences in diversity and abundance of Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Sutterella, and Collinsella between MM patients in complete remission (n = 24) and those in partial remission (n = 11). Furthermore, we find that patients with severe cytokine release syndrome present with higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc, Stenotrophomonas, and Staphylococcus, which is reproducible in an independent cohort of 38 MM patients. This study has important implications for understanding the biological role of the microbiome in CAR-T treatment responsiveness of hematologic malignancy patients, and may guide therapeutic intervention to increase efficacy. The success rate of CAR-T cell therapy is high in blood cancers, yet individual patient characteristics might reduce therapeutic benefit. Here we show that therapeutic response in MM, ALL and NHL, and occurrence of severe cytokine release syndrome in multiple myeloma are associated with specific gut microbiome alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ni
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongli Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Gui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houli Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Hong
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linqin Wang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Department of Hematology, Sorbonne University, Hospital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRs 938, and EBMT Paris Study office/CEREST-TC, Paris, France
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Division, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Alex H Chang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ming D Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
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Trudu M, Oliva L, Orfanelli U, Romano A, Di Raimondo F, Sanvito F, Ponzoni M, Cenci S. Preclinical evidence of a direct pro-survival role of arginine deprivation in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:968208. [PMID: 36172163 PMCID: PMC9512038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.968208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma grows by establishing multiple interactions with bone marrow cells. These include expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which drive immunoevasion via mechanisms that include arginase-1-driven depletion of L-arginine, thus indirectly promoting myeloma cell survival and tumor progression. The peculiar biology of malignant plasma cells postulates that arginine depletion may benefit their fitness also directly, e.g., by engaging the integrated stress response, or by stimulating autophagy through mTORC1 inhibition. We thus investigated the direct impact of arginine deprivation on myeloma cells and challenged its pathophysiological relevance in vitro and in vivo. First, we found that partial arginine depletion spared proliferation of human multiple myeloma cells at concentrations that arrest human T cells. Next, we asked if arginine shortage activates putative adaptive pathways in myeloma cells. Low arginine failed to activate the integrated stress response, as indicated by unmodified phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, but sizably inhibited mTORC1, as revealed by reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. Notably, depressed mTORC1 activity was not sufficient to increase autophagy, as assessed by the lysosomal digestion rate of the autophagosome-associated protein, LC3-II. Rather, it stimulated mTORC2, resulting in increased phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent AKT phosphorylation and activity, leading to heightened inhibitory phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic BAD protein. We then tested whether arginine depletion-activated AKT may protect malignant plasma cells from cell death. Indeed, culturing myeloma cells in low arginine medium significantly reduced the apoptotic effect of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, an outcome prevented by pharmacological inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we challenged the relevance of the identified circuit in vivo. To gauge the pathophysiologic relevance of low arginine to myeloma growth independently of immunoevasion, we xenotransplanted human myeloma cells subcutaneously into T cell-deficient Rag2–/–γc–/– recipient mice and treated palpable tumor-bearing mice with the clinical-grade arginase inhibitor CB1158. Arginase inhibition significantly raised serum arginine concentration, reduced tumor growth by caliper assessment, and decreased intra-tumor AKT phosphorylation in vivo. Altogether, our results reveal a novel direct pro-survival effect of arginine deprivation on myeloma cells, with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Trudu
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Oliva
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Age Related Diseases, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Cenci,
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Kuo CH, Ballantyne R, Huang PL, Ding S, Hong MC, Lin TY, Wu FC, Xu ZY, Chiu K, Chen B, Liu CH. Sarcodia suae modulates the immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei against Vibrio alginolyticus via the purine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:766-777. [PMID: 35810966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Red seaweeds have several biofunctional properties, including immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. In this study, we examined the effects of diets containing Sarcodia suae on the immune response, immune-related gene expressions, and disease resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, 1H NMR metabolomics was applied to analyze the metabolites extracted from shrimp fed with S. suae and their functions in regulating immunity. A diet containing only fish meal was used as the control diet (S0), and three diets containing different concentrations of S. suae powder, 2.5% (S2.5), 5% (S5), and 7.5% (S7.5) were used as experimental diets. Shrimp were fed diets for 20 days. Compared to the control group (S0), results showed that (1) shrimp fed diets supplemented with 5-7.5% of S. suae powder significantly increased anti-V. alginolyticus activity; (2) phagocytic activity (PA) increased in all shrimp fed with S. suae, but total haemocyte count (THC) only increased in S7.5 group; and (3) the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in haemocyte were significantly higher in S7.5 groups. Results from the 1H NMR analysis revealed that 19 heapatopancreatic metabolites were matched and identified among groups. Based on the KEGG enrichment analysis, the up-regulated metabolites in the shrimp fed S5 and S7.5 diets were primarily due to the metabolism of purine and phenylalanine and their respective pathways. Results from these trials reveal that diets containing S. suae can increase immune response, thereby increasing shrimp resistance to V. alginolyticus. The purine and phenylalanine metabolic pathways may be considered as the relevant pathways for optimizing immunomodulatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rolissa Ballantyne
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Huang
- Pingtung County Ping Rong High School, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shanwu Ding
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Hong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yung Lin
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Cheng Wu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yan Xu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Taiwan
| | - Kuohsun Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bonien Chen
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Peyraud F, Guegan JP, Bodet D, Nafia I, Fontan L, Auzanneau C, Cousin S, Roubaud G, Cabart M, Chomy F, Le Loarer F, Chaput N, Danlos FX, Planchard D, Even C, Khettab M, Tselikas L, Besse B, Barlesi F, Soria JC, Marabelle A, Bessede A, Italiano A. Circulating L-Arginine predicts the survival of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:1041-1051. [PMID: 35850444 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the systemic approach to cancer treatment. However, most patients receiving ICIs do not derive benefits. Therefore, it is crucial to identify reliable predictive biomarkers of response to ICIs. One important pathway in regulating immune cell reactivity is L-arginine (ARG) metabolism, essential to T-cell activation. We therefore aimed to evaluate the association between baseline plasma ARG levels and the clinical benefit of ICIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS The correlation between ARG levels and clinical ICI activity was assessed by analyzing plasma samples obtained before treatment onset in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced cancer included in two institutional molecular profiling programs (BIP, NCT02534649, n = 77; PREMIS, NCT03984318, n = 296) and from patients in a phase 1 first-in-human study of budigalimab monotherapy (NCT03000257). Additionally, the correlation between ARG levels and ICI efficacy in preclinical settings was evaluated using a syngeneic mouse model of colorectal cancer responsive to ICIs. Using matched PBMC plasma samples, we analyzed the correlation between ARG levels and PBMC features through multiplexed flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS In both discovery and validation cohorts, low ARG levels at baseline (<42 μM) were significantly and independently associated with a worse clinical benefit rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Moreover, at the preclinical level, the tumor rejection rate was significantly higher in mice with high baseline ARG levels than in those with low ARG levels (85.7% versus 23.8%; P = 0.004). Finally, PBMC immunophenotyping showed that low ARG levels were significantly associated with increased PD-L1 expression in several immune cell subsets from the myeloid lineage. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that baseline ARG levels predict ICI response. Plasma ARG quantification may therefore represent an attractive biomarker to tailor novel therapeutic regimens targeting the ARG pathway in combination with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Peyraud
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J-P Guegan
- Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - D Bodet
- Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - I Nafia
- Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Fontan
- Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Auzanneau
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Cousin
- Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - G Roubaud
- Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Cabart
- Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Chomy
- Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Le Loarer
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Chaput
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; University Paris-Saclay, UFR pharmacy, Chatenay-Malabry F-92290, France
| | - F-X Danlos
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - D Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - C Even
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Khettab
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Tselikas
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - B Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - F Barlesi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - J-C Soria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Marabelle
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - A Bessede
- Explicyte Immuno-Oncology, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Italiano
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Lu K, Wang Y, Zhang H, Tian C, Wang W, Yang T, Qi B, Wu S. Rational Design of a Theranostic Agent Triggered by Endogenous Nitric Oxide in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9193-9205. [PMID: 35729801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage caused by upregulated nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, stimulus-triggered theranostic agents have received much attention due to benefits on disease imaging and targeted therapeutic effects. However, the development of a theranostic agent triggered by NO for AD remains unexplored. Herein, through the mechanism analysis of the reaction between a fluorophore of 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) and NO, which we occasionally found and thereafter structure optimization of DPAC, a theranostic agent DPAC-(peg)4-memantine was fabricated. In an AD cellular model, DPAC-(peg)4-memantine exhibits NO sensing ability for AD imaging. Meanwhile, DPAC-(peg)4-memantine shows improved therapeutic by targeted drug release triggered by NO and sustained therapeutic effects owing to the synergetic antioxidative abilities via the anti-AD drug and NO scavenging. This work provides an unprecedented avenue for the studies on not only AD but also other diseases with NO upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqing Tian
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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Sodium Butyrate Modulates Blood Pressure and Gut Microbiota in Maternal Tryptophan-Free Diet-induced Hypertension Rat Offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109090. [PMID: 35724813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition, gut microbiome composition, and metabolites derived from gut microbiota are closely related to the development of hypertension in offspring. A plethora of metabolites generated from diverse tryptophan metabolic pathways show both beneficial and harmful effects. Butyrate, one of the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), has shown vasodilation effects. We examined whether sodium butyrate administration in pregnancy and lactation can prevent hypertension induced by a maternal tryptophan-free diet in adult progeny and explored the protective mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received normal chow (CN), tryptophan-free diet (TF), sodium butyrate 400 mg/kg/day in drinking water (CNSB), or TF diet plus sodium butyrate (TFSB) in pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were sacrificed at the age of 16 weeks (n = 8 per group). Compared with normal chow, offspring exposed to the maternal tryptophan-free diet had markedly increased blood pressure, associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Treatment with sodium butyrate rescued maternal TF-exposed offspring from hypertension. The protective effect of sodium butyrate is related to alterations to microbiome composition, increased renal expression of SCFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR109A, and restoration of RAS balance. In summary, these results suggest that sodium butyrate protects against maternal TF-induced offspring hypertension, likely by modulating gut microbiota, its derived metabolites, and the RAS.
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Unbalanced IDO1/IDO2 Endothelial Expression and Skewed Keynurenine Pathway in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061332. [PMID: 35740354 PMCID: PMC9220124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense investigation, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and the newly defined long COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has been provided of metabolic alterations characterizing this group of disorders, with particular relevance of an activated tryptophan/kynurenine pathway as described in this review. Recent histological studies have documented that, in COVID-19 patients, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzymes are differentially expressed in the pulmonary blood vessels, i.e., IDO1 prevails in early/mild pneumonia and in lung tissues from patients suffering from long COVID-19, whereas IDO2 is predominant in severe/fatal cases. We hypothesize that IDO1 is necessary for a correct control of the vascular tone of pulmonary vessels, and its deficiency in COVID-19 might be related to the syndrome’s evolution toward vascular dysfunction. The complexity of this scenario is discussed in light of possible therapeutic manipulations of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndromes.
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Wang H, Xiao Y, Xu C, Cao Y, Jing P, Wu S, Liu J, Bao W. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Metabolic Mechanisms in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells under Zearalenone Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6561-6572. [PMID: 35583463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that frequently occurs in agricultural crops and related products and seriously threatens both animal feed and human food safety. To identify key metabolites and regulators involved in ZEA toxicological processes, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells upon ZEA exposure using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS and RNA-seq techniques. A total of 325 differential metabolites and 5646 differentially expressed genes were detected. Integrated analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that metabolic processes including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were most affected. Exogenous addition of the key metabolite l-arginine significantly facilitated ZEA metabolism and ameliorated ZEA-induced reactive oxygen species levels and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, l -arginine contributed to the expression of phase II detoxification genes (SULT2B1, GSTA1, GSTM3, and GPX4). l-Arginine addition also increased the protein levels of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and downregulated p62/SQSTM1 levels, indicating its regulatory roles in autophagic flux activation upon ZEA exposure. This study provided global insights into metabolic and transcriptional changes as well as key metabolites and regulators underlying the cellular response to ZEA exposure, and paved the way for the identification of metabolic and molecular targets for biomonitoring and controlling contamination by ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Jing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Aximujiang K, Kaheman K, Wushouer X, Wu G, Ahemaiti A, Yunusi K. Lactobacillus acidophilus and HKL Suspension Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota, Suppressing TLR9, and Promoting Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859628. [PMID: 35600873 PMCID: PMC9118348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with complex pathogenesis. The intestinal flora disturbance affects the homeostasis of the intestinal environment, leading to metabolic imbalance and immune abnormalities of the host, contributing to the perpetuation of intestinal inflammation. We suggest that the combination of anti-inflammatory therapy and the regulation of intestinal flora balance may help in the treatment process. Previously, we used a combination treatment consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) and Chinese medicine Huan Kui Le (HKL) suspension in a UC rat model, where the combined intervention was more effective than either treatment alone. Herein, the mechanism of action of this combined treatment has been investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA methods in the colon, and untargeted metabolomics profiling in serum. Colon protein expression levels of IL-13 and TGF-β were upregulated, whereas those of TLR9 and TLR4 were downregulated, consistent with an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, gut microbiota structure changed, shown by a decrease in opportunistic pathogens correlated with intestinal inflammation, such as Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella, and an increase in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. The latter correlated positively with IL-13 and TGF-β and negatively with IFN-γ. Finally, this treatment alleviated the disruption of the metabolic profile observed in UC rats by increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)–producing bacteria in the colonic epithelium. This combination treatment also affected the metabolism of lactic acid, creatine, and glycine and inhibited the growth of Klebsiella. Overall, we suggest that treatment combining probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine is a novel strategy beneficial in UC that acts by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, TLR9, and cytokines in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimujiang Aximujiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kuerbannaimu Kaheman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital in Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xilinguli Wushouer
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guixia Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Abulaiti Ahemaiti
- The Functional Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kurexi Yunusi
- Uygur Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Kurexi Yunusi,
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Zhao X, Di Q, Liu H, Quan J, Ling J, Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Wu H, Wu Z, Song W, An H, Chen W. MEF2C promotes M1 macrophage polarization and Th1 responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:540-553. [PMID: 35194174 PMCID: PMC8975968 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in inflammation and host defense; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C) is essential for regulating M1 macrophage polarization in response to infection and inflammation. Global gene expression analysis demonstrated that MEF2C deficiency in macrophages downregulated the expression of M1 phenotypic markers and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotypic markers. MEF2C significantly promoted the expression of interleukin-12 p35 subunit (Il12a) and interleukin-12 p40 subunit (Il12b). Myeloid-specific Mef2c-knockout mice showed reduced IL-12 production and impaired Th1 responses, which led to susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection and protected against DSS-induced IBD in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that MEF2C directly activated the transcription of Il12a and Il12b. These findings reveal a new function of MEF2C in macrophage polarization and Th1 responses and identify MEF2C as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qianqian Di
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Han Liu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jiazheng Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zizhao Zhao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zherui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jingshi Road 16766, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Huazhang An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jingshi Road 16766, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Weilin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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45
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Triozzi PL, Stirling ER, Song Q, Westwood B, Kooshki M, Forbes ME, Holbrook BC, Cook KL, Alexander-Miller MA, Miller LD, Zhang W, Soto-Pantoja DR. Circulating Immune Bioenergetic, Metabolic, and Genetic Signatures Predict Melanoma Patients' Response to Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1192-1202. [PMID: 35284940 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is improving the outcomes of several cancers. However, only a subset of patients respond. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are critically needed to guide treatment decisions and develop approaches to the treatment of therapeutic resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We compared bioenergetics of circulating immune cells and metabolomic profiles of plasma obtained at baseline from patients with melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. We also performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to correlate transcriptional changes associated with metabolic changes observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and patient plasma. RESULTS Pretreatment PBMC from responders had a higher reserve respiratory capacity and higher basal glycolytic activity compared with nonresponders. Metabolomic analysis revealed that responder and nonresponder patient samples cluster differently, suggesting differences in metabolic signatures at baseline. Differential levels of specific lipid, amino acid, and glycolytic pathway metabolites were observed by response. Further, scRNAseq analysis revealed upregulation of T-cell genes regulating glycolysis. Our analysis showed that SLC2A14 (Glut-14; a glucose transporter) was the most significant gene upregulated in responder patients' T-cell population. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed significantly elevated cell surface expression of the Glut-14 in CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ circulating populations in responder patients. Moreover, LDHC was also upregulated in the responder population. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a glycolytic signature characterizes checkpoint inhibitor responders; consistently, both ECAR and lactate-to-pyruvate ratio were significantly associated with overall survival. Together, these findings support the use of blood bioenergetics and metabolomics as predictive biomarkers of patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Triozzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth R Stirling
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brian Westwood
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mitra Kooshki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - M Elizabeth Forbes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Beth C Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Katherine L Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Martha A Alexander-Miller
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David R Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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46
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Yuasa HJ. Inhibitory effect of ascorbate on tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. J Biochem 2022; 171:653-661. [PMID: 35244712 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyze the same reaction, oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) to N-formyl-kynurenine. In both enzymes, the ferric (FeIII) form is inactive, and ascorbate (Asc) is frequently used as a reductant in in vitro assays to activate the enzymes by reducing the heme iron. Recently, it has been reported that Asc activates IDO2 by acting as a reductant, however, it is also a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. Here, the effect of Asc on human TDO (hTDO) is investigated. Similar to its interaction with IDO2, Asc acts as both a reductant and a competitive inhibitor of hTDO in the absence of catalase, and its inhibitory effect was enhanced by the addition of H2O2. Interestingly, however, no inhibitory effect of Asc was observed in the presence of catalase. TDO is known to be activated by H2O2 and a ferryl-oxo (FeIV=O) intermediate (Compound II) is generated during the activation process. The observation that Asc acts as a competitive inhibitor of hTDO only in the absence of catalase can be explained by assuming that the target of Asc is Compound II. Asc seems to compete with L-Trp in an unusual manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Julie Yuasa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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47
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Zhou Z, Yang Z, Xia L, Zhang H. Construction of an enzyme-based all-fiber SPR biosensor for detection of enantiomers. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113836. [PMID: 34847363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral analysis of amino acids (AAs) is of great importance in medical science due to the distinctive effect of AA isomers on human health. Although various chiral recognition techniques have been developed, the quantitative chiral recognition of low-level AA isomers remains challenging. Here, we combined the fiber optic SPR with an enzyme-substrate recognition mechanism to construct a direct-assay-type chiral AA biosensor. As a proof-of-concept attempt, a recently discovered Rasamsonia emersonii D-amino acid oxidase (ReDAAO) with a wide substrate spectrum and high stability was immobilized on the graphene oxide and gold nanorods composites (GO-AuNRs), using both EDC/NHS coupling and the gold-binding peptide (GBP) method. Such a biosensor can distinguish two AA isomers at the same concentration. It achieved specific detection of D-amino acids (D-AAs) with a linear range from 5x10-4 mM to 30 mM. Furthermore, it showed good resistance to enantiomeric interference. When the percentage of D-AA increases in the isomer mixture, a good linear relationship between the D/(D + L)-AA ratio and SPR spectral shift was obtained. This unique combination of the enzyme, nanocomposite, and SPR taps into the rich reservoir of proteins for chiral receptors. It lays the foundation for protein-based chiral recognition of other clinically important small molecules in future biosensor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyue Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Xia
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Houjin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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48
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Esmaeili SA, Hajavi J. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in allergic disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3297-3306. [PMID: 35028850 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid tryptophan (TRP) is critical for the expansion and survival of cells. During the past few years, the manipulation of tryptophan metabolism via indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) has been presented as a significant regulatory mechanism for tolerance stimulation and the regulation of immune responses. Currently, a considerable number of studies suggest that the role of IDO in T helper 2 (Th2) cell regulation may be different from that of T helper 1 (Th1) immune responses. IDO acts as an immunosuppressive tolerogenic enzyme to decrease allergic responses through the stimulation of the Kynurenine-IDO pathway, the subsequent reduction of TRP, and the promotion of Kynurenine products. Kynurenine products motivate T-cell apoptosis and anergy, the propagation of Treg and Th17 cells, and the aberration of the Th1/Th2 response. We suggest that the IDO-kynurenine pathway can function as a negative reaction round for Th1 cells; however, it may play a different role in upregulating principal Th2 immune responses. In this review, we intend to integrate novel results on this pathway in correlation with allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jafar Hajavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, 9691793718, Gonabad, Iran.
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49
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Zhang IW, López-Vicario C, Duran-Güell M, Clària J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Advanced Liver Disease: Emerging Concepts. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:772174. [PMID: 34888354 PMCID: PMC8650317 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.772174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are entrusted with the challenging task of providing energy through the generation of ATP, the universal cellular currency, thereby being highly flexible to different acute and chronic nutrient demands of the cell. The fact that mitochondrial diseases (genetic disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome) manifest through a remarkable clinical variation of symptoms in affected individuals underlines the far-reaching implications of mitochondrial dysfunction. The study of mitochondrial function in genetic or non-genetic diseases therefore requires a multi-angled approach. Taking into account that the liver is among the organs richest in mitochondria, it stands to reason that in the process of unravelling the pathogenesis of liver-related diseases, researchers give special focus to characterizing mitochondrial function. However, mitochondrial dysfunction is not a uniformly defined term. It can refer to a decline in energy production, increase in reactive oxygen species and so forth. Therefore, any study on mitochondrial dysfunction first needs to define the dysfunction to be investigated. Here, we review the alterations of mitochondrial function in liver cirrhosis with emphasis on acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), the latter being a form of acute decompensation characterized by a generalized state of systemic hyperinflammation/immunosuppression and high mortality rate. The studies that we discuss were either carried out in liver tissue itself of these patients, or in circulating leukocytes, whose mitochondrial alterations might reflect tissue and organ mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we present different methodological approaches that can be of utility to address the diverse aspects of hepatocyte and leukocyte mitochondrial function in liver disease. They include assays to measure metabolic fluxes using the comparatively novel Biolog’s MitoPlates in a 96-well format as well as assessment of mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry using Oroboros’ O2k-technology and Agilent Seahorse XF technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid W Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Discovery and development of a novel N-(3-bromophenyl)-{[(phenylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}-N-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor using knowledge-based drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114043. [PMID: 34929581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a potential target for the next generation of cancer immunotherapies. We describe the development of two series of IDO1 inhibitors incorporating a N-hydroxy-thiophene-carboximidamide core generated by knowledge-based drug design. Structural modifications to improve the cellular activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds synthesized, including extension of the side chain of the N-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide core, resulted in compound 27a, a potent IDO1 inhibitor which demonstrated significant (51%) in vivo target inhibition on IDO1 in a human SK-OV-3 ovarian xenograft tumor mouse model. This strategy is expected to be applicable to the discovery of additional IDO1 inhibitors for the treatment of other diseases susceptible to modulation of IDO1.
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