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Dogadov DI, Kyuregyan KK, Alexandra GM, Minosyan AA, Kochkonyan AA, Karlsen AA, Vyshemirsky OI, Karal-Ogly DD, Mikhailov MI. Markers of antroponotic viral infections in vervet monkeys arrived from their natural habitat (Tanzania). Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:394-403. [PMID: 38156576 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various human viruses have been identified in wild monkeys and in captive primates. Cases of transmission of viruses from wild monkeys to humans and vice versa are known. The aim of this study was to identify markers of anthroponotic viral infections in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) arrived from their natural habitat (Tanzania). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fecal samples (n = 56) and blood serum samples (n = 75) obtained from 75 animals, respectively, on days 10 and 23 after admission to the primate center, were tested for the markers of anthroponotic viral infections (Ebola virus, Marburg virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), parainfluenza types 1 and 3, intestinal adenoviruses, rotaviruses) by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Among the examined animals, markers of 6 out of 11 tested viral infections were identified. Detection rates of IgG antibodies to HSV-1,2 (15.9%) and CMV (15.9%) were two times as low as IgG antibodies to EBV (31.8%). Among the markers of respiratory viral infections, IgG antibodies to parainfluenza virus type 1 were found (6.8%). 14.3% of the animals had rotavirus antigen, and 94% had simian adenovirus DNA. Markers of hemorrhagic fevers Ebola, Marburg, LCM, hepatitis C, and type 3 parainfluenza were not detected. CONCLUSION When importing monkeys from different regions of the world, an expanded screening for viral infections is needed considering the epidemiological situation both in the country of importation and in the country of destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Dogadov
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - K K Kyuregyan
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - G M Alexandra
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Minosyan
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Kochkonyan
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Karlsen
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
| | - O I Vyshemirsky
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - D D Karal-Ogly
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia
| | - M I Mikhailov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
- I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera
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2
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Kosoltanapiwat N, van der Hoek L, Kinsella CM, Tongshoob J, Prasittichai L, Klein M, Jebbink MF, Deijs M, Reamtong O, Boonnak K, Khongsiri W, Phadungsombat J, Tongthainan D, Tulayakul P, Yindee M. A Novel Simian Adenovirus Associating with Human Adeno-virus Species G Isolated from Long-Tailed Macaque Feces. Viruses 2023; 15:1371. [PMID: 37376670 PMCID: PMC10303043 DOI: 10.3390/v15061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics has demonstrated its capability in outbreak investigations and pathogen surveillance and discovery. With high-throughput and effective bioinformatics, many disease-causing agents, as well as novel viruses of humans and animals, have been identified using metagenomic analysis. In this study, a VIDISCA metagenomics workflow was used to identify potential unknown viruses in 33 fecal samples from asymptomatic long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Putatively novel astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were detected and confirmed by PCR analysis of long-tailed macaque fecal samples collected from areas in four provinces, Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi, Lopburi, and Prachuap Khiri Khan, where humans and monkeys live in proximity (total n = 187). Astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were present in 3.2%, 7.5%, and 4.8% of macaque fecal samples, respectively. One adenovirus, named AdV-RBR-6-3, was successfully isolated in human cell culture. Whole-genome analysis suggested that it is a new member of the species Human adenovirus G, closely related to Rhesus adenovirus 53, with evidence of genetic recombination and variation in the hexon, fiber, and CR1 genes. Sero-surveillance showed neutralizing antibodies against AdV-RBR-6-3 in 2.9% and 11.2% of monkeys and humans, respectively, suggesting cross-species infection of monkeys and humans. Overall, we reported the use of metagenomics to screen for possible new viruses, as well as the isolation and molecular and serological characterization of the new adenovirus with cross-species transmission potential. The findings emphasize that zoonotic surveillance is important and should be continued, especially in areas where humans and animals interact, to predict and prevent the threat of emerging zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.v.d.H.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.F.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Cormac M. Kinsella
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.v.d.H.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.F.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Jarinee Tongshoob
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Luxsana Prasittichai
- Wildlife Conservation Division, Protected Areas Regional Office 3 (Ban Pong), Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ratchaburi 70110, Thailand;
| | - Michelle Klein
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.v.d.H.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.F.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Maarten F. Jebbink
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.v.d.H.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.F.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Martin Deijs
- Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.v.d.H.); (C.M.K.); (M.K.); (M.F.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Wathusiri Khongsiri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.T.); (W.K.)
| | - Juthamas Phadungsombat
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Daraka Tongthainan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand;
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
| | - Marnoch Yindee
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat 80161, Thailand;
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3
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Ohta E. Pathologic characteristics of infectious diseases in macaque monkeys used in biomedical and toxicologic studies. J Toxicol Pathol 2023; 36:95-122. [PMID: 37101957 PMCID: PMC10123295 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs), which have many advantages in scientific research and are often the only relevant animals to use in assessing the safety profiles and biological or pharmacological effects of drug candidates, including biologics. In scientific or developmental experiments, the immune systems of animals can be spontaneously compromised possibly due to background infection, experimental procedure-associated stress, poor physical condition, or intended or unintended mechanisms of action of test articles. Under these circumstances, background, incidental, or opportunistic infections can seriously can significantly complicate the interpretation of research results and findings and consequently affect experimental conclusions. Pathologists and toxicologists must understand the clinical manifestations and pathologic features of infectious diseases and the effects of these diseases on animal physiology and experimental results in addition to the spectrum of infectious diseases in healthy NHP colonies. This review provides an overview of the clinical and pathologic characteristics of common viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infectious diseases in NHPs, especially macaque monkeys, as well as methods for definitive diagnosis of these diseases. Opportunistic infections that can occur in the laboratory setting have also been addressed in this review with examples of cases of infection disease manifestation that was observed or influenced during safety assessment studies or under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ohta
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai,
Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 300-2635, Japan
- *Corresponding author: E Ohta (e-mail: )
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Abstract
The existence of coronaviruses has been known for many years. These viruses cause significant disease that primarily seems to affect agricultural species. Human coronavirus disease due to the 2002 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the 2012 outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome made headlines; however, these outbreaks were controlled, and public concern quickly faded. This complacency ended in late 2019 when alarms were raised about a mysterious virus responsible for numerous illnesses and deaths in China. As we now know, this novel disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rapidly became a worldwide pandemic. Luckily, decades of research into animal coronaviruses hastened our understanding of the genetics, structure, transmission, and pathogenesis of these viruses. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals, with significant economic impact in several agricultural species. Their large genome, low dependency on host cellular proteins, and frequent recombination allow coronaviruses to successfully cross species barriers and adapt to different hosts including humans. The study of the animal diseases provides an understanding of the virus biology and pathogenesis and has assisted in the rapid development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we briefly review the classification, origin, etiology, transmission mechanisms, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies, including available vaccines, for coronaviruses that affect domestic, farm, laboratory, and wild animal species. We also briefly describe the coronaviruses that affect humans. Expanding our knowledge of this complex group of viruses will better prepare us to design strategies to prevent and/or minimize the impact of future coronavirus outbreaks.
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Key Words
- bcov, bovine coronavirus
- ccov, canine coronavirus
- cov(s), coronavirus(es)
- covid-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- crcov, canine respiratory coronavirus
- e, coronaviral envelope protein
- ecov, equine coronavirus
- fcov, feline coronavirus
- fipv, feline infectious peritonitis virus
- gfcov, guinea fowl coronavirus
- hcov, human coronavirus
- ibv, infectious bronchitis virus
- m, coronaviral membrane protein
- mers, middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus
- mhv, mouse hepatitis virus
- pedv, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
- pdcov, porcine deltacoronavirus
- phcov, pheasant coronavirus
- phev, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
- prcov, porcine respiratory coronavirus
- rt-pcr, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- s, coronaviral spike protein
- sads-cov, swine acute diarrhea syndrome-coronavirus
- sars-cov, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus
- sars-cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus–2
- tcov, turkey coronavirus
- tgev, transmissible gastroenteritis virus
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;,
| | - Tannia S Clark
- Office of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David M Kurtz
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
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5
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Cardeti G, Cersini A, Manna G, De Santis P, Scicluna MT, Albani A, Simula M, Sittinieri S, De Santis L, De Liberato C, Ngakan PO, Wahid I, Carosi M. Detection of viruses from feces of wild endangered Macaca maura: a potential threat to moor macaque survival and for zoonotic infection. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:418. [PMID: 36447236 PMCID: PMC9706849 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there is a scarcity of information and literature on Macaca maura health status relative to viral diseases. The objectives of the present study were to investigate on the potential spread of enteric and non-enteric viruses shed in the environment through a wild macaque feces and to understand the possible interrelation in the spread of zoonotic viruses in a poorly studied geographical area, the Sulawesi Island. This study will also contribute providing useful information on potential threats to the health of this endangered species. METHODS The sampling was conducted between 2014 and 2016 in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, in the south of the Sulawesi Island and non-invasive sampling methods were used to collect fresh stools of the M. maura, one of the seven macaque species endemic to the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The population under study consisted in two wild, neighboring social macaque groups with partially overlapping home ranges; twenty-four samples were collected and examined using negative staining electron microscopy and a panel of PCR protocols for the detection of ten RNA and two DNA viruses. RESULTS Viral particles resembling parvovirus (5 samples), picornavirus (13 samples) and calicivirus (13 samples) were detected by electron microscopy whereas the PCR panel was negative for the 12 viruses investigated, except for one sample positive for a mosquito flavivirus. The results did not correlate with animal sex; furthermore, because all of the animals were clinically healthy, it was not possible to correlate feces consistency with viral presence. CONCLUSIONS As information on viral infections in wild moor macaques remains limited, further studies are yet required to identify the fecal-oral and blood transmitted potentially zoonotic viruses, which may infect the moor macaque and other macaque species endemic to the South Sulawesi Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Cardeti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cersini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola De Santis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scicluna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Albani
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy ,Royal Society for the Protection of Birds/Gola Rainforest National Park, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Massimiliano Simula
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sittinieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Santis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Putu Oka Ngakan
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XFaculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Indonesia
| | - Isra Wahid
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XFaculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Sulawesi Indonesia
| | - Monica Carosi
- grid.8509.40000000121622106Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
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Atasoy MO, Isidan H, Turan T. Genetic diversity, frequency and concurrent infections of picobirnaviruses in diarrhoeic calves in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:127. [PMID: 35247085 PMCID: PMC8897729 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calf diarrhoea is one of the major problems in cattle farming with high morbidity and mortality in herds. Two enteric viruses, bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV), are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in young calves, whereas picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are often associated with diarrhoea. In the present study, the faecal specimens of 127 diarrhoeic bovines (less than 1-month-old) were employed to investigate the infection frequencies of these three pathogens. Results indicated that frequencies of BRV and BCoV in diarrhoeic calves were 38.58% and 29.92%, respectively. The 7.08% of bovine calf samples (9 out of 127) were found to be positive for PBV genogroup I. Sequence analysis further revealed the high genetic heterogeneity within representative PBV sequences. Additionally, both PBV-BCoV (n = 2) and BCoV-BRV-PBV (n = 1) co-infections were detected in bovine calves for the first time. Consequently, our findings pointed out the highly divergent nature of PBVs without regard to exact host or territory and the occasional co-existence with other enteric agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozan Atasoy
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Isidan
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Turhan Turan
- Department of Veterinary Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
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7
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Friant S, Bonwitt J, Ayambem WA, Ifebueme NM, Alobi AO, Otukpa OM, Bennett AJ, Shea C, Rothman JM, Goldberg TL, Jacka JK. Zootherapy as a potential pathway for zoonotic spillover: a mixed-methods study of the use of animal products in medicinal and cultural practices in Nigeria. ONE HEALTH OUTLOOK 2022; 4:5. [PMID: 35216623 PMCID: PMC8881094 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-022-00060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how and why people interact with animals is important for the prevention and control of zoonoses. To date, studies have primarily focused on the most visible forms of human-animal contact (e.g., hunting and consumption), thereby blinding One Health researchers and practitioners to the broader range of human-animal interactions that can serve as cryptic sources of zoonotic diseases. Zootherapy, the use of animal products for traditional medicine and cultural practices, is widespread and can generate opportunities for human exposure to zoonoses. Existing research examining zootherapies omits details necessary to adequately assess potential zoonotic risks. METHODS We used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data from questionnaires, key informant interviews, and field notes to examine the use of zootherapy in nine villages engaged in wildlife hunting, consumption, and trade in Cross River State, Nigeria. We analyzed medicinal and cultural practices involving animals from a zoonotic disease perspective, by including details of animal use that may generate pathways for zoonotic transmission. We also examined the sociodemographic, cultural, and environmental contexts of zootherapeutic practices that can further shape the nature and frequency of human-animal interactions. RESULTS Within our study population, people reported using 44 different animal species for zootherapeutic practices, including taxonomic groups considered to be "high risk" for zoonoses and threatened with extinction. Variation in use of animal parts, preparation norms, and administration practices generated a highly diverse set of zootherapeutic practices (n = 292) and potential zoonotic exposure risks. Use of zootherapy was patterned by demographic and environmental contexts, with zootherapy more commonly practiced by hunting households (OR = 2.47, p < 0.01), and prescriptions that were gender and age specific (e.g., maternal and pediatric care) or highly seasonal (e.g., associated with annual festivals and seasonal illnesses). Specific practices were informed by species availability and theories of healing (i.e., "like cures like" and sympathetic healing and magic) that further shaped the nature of human-animal interactions via zootherapy. CONCLUSIONS Epidemiological investigations of zoonoses and public health interventions that aim to reduce zoonotic exposures should explicitly consider zootherapy as a potential pathway for disease transmission and consider the sociocultural and environmental contexts of their use in health messaging and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagan Friant
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Jesse Bonwitt
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Wilfred A. Ayambem
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Nzube M. Ifebueme
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Alobi O. Alobi
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Oshama M. Otukpa
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Andrew J. Bennett
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD USA
| | - Corrigan Shea
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jessica M. Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
| | - Tony L. Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jerry K. Jacka
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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8
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Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea in Rhesus Macaques Is Not Associated with Enteric Viral Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122503. [PMID: 34960771 PMCID: PMC8707486 DOI: 10.3390/v13122503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While recent changes in treatment have reduced the lethality of idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD), this condition remains one of the most common causes of rhesus macaque deaths in non-human primate research centers. We compared the viromes in fecal swabs from 52 animals with late stage ICD and 41 healthy animals. Viral metagenomics targeting virus-like particles was used to identify viruses fecally shed by each animal. Five viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae, one to the Caliciviridae, one to the Parvoviridae, and one to the Adenoviridae families were identified. The fraction of reads matching each viral species was then used to estimate and compare viral loads in ICD cases versus healthy controls. None of the viruses detected in fecal swabs were strongly associated with ICD.
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9
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Liu ZJ, Qian XK, Hong MH, Zhang JL, Li DY, Wang TH, Yang ZM, Zhang LY, Wang ZM, Nie HJ, Fan KY, Zhang XF, Chen MM, Sha WL, Roos C, Li M. Global view on virus infection in non-human primates and implications for public health and wildlife conservation. Zool Res 2021; 42:626-632. [PMID: 34410047 PMCID: PMC8455461 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans (and vice versa) and across animal species. As such, host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable attention. Non-human primates (NHPs), our closest evolutionary relatives, are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circulate between humans and NHPs. Here, we generated global statistics on virus infections in NHPs (VI-NHPs) based on a literature search and public data mining. In total, 140 NHP species from 12 families are reported to be infected by 186 DNA and RNA virus species, 68.8% of which are also found in humans, indicating high potential for crossing species boundaries. The top 10 NHP species with high centrality in the NHP-virus network include two great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus) and eight Old World monkeys (Macaca mulatta, M. fascicularis, M. leonina, Papio cynocephalus, Cercopithecus ascanius, C. erythrotis, Chlorocebus aethiops, and Allochrocebus lhoesti). Given the wide distribution of Old World monkeys and their frequent contact with humans, there is a high risk of virus circulation between humans and such species. Thus, we suggest recurring epidemiological surveillance of NHPs, specifically Old World monkeys that are in frequent contact with humans, and other effective measures to prevent potential circulation and transmission of viruses. Avoidance of false positives and sampling bias should also be a focus in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail:/
| | - Xue-Kun Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min-Heng Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da-Yong Li
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - Tian-Han Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zuo-Min Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273100, China
| | - Li-Ye Zhang
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Zi-Ming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua-Jian Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ke-Yue Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng-Meng Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Lai Sha
- College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen 37077, Germany.,Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Beijing 100101, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.E-mail:
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10
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Molina CV, Heinemann MB, Kierulff C, Pissinatti A, da Silva TF, de Freitas DG, de Souza GO, Miotto BA, Cortez A, Semensato BDP, Moreno LZ, Catão-Dias JL, Bueno MG. Leptospira spp., rotavirus, norovirus, and hepatitis E virus surveillance in a wild invasive golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas; Kuhl, 1820) population from an urban park in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22961. [PMID: 30828830 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The world currently faces severe biodiversity losses caused by anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, pollution, the introduction of exotic species, habitat fragmentation, and climate changes. Disease ecology in altered environments is still poorly understood. The golden-headed lion tamarin (GHLT, Leontopithecus chrysomelas) is an endangered species that became invasive in an urban park in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The initially few invasive GHLT individuals became hundreds, adapted to living in proximity to humans and domestic animals. These GHLTs were captured as part of a conservation project; some animals were translocated to Bahia and some were kept in captivity. This study tested 593 GHLT for Leptospira serology; 100 and 95 GHLT for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) toLeptospira and hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3), respectively, and 101 familiar groups for PCR to viruses (rotavirus A, norovirus GI and GII, and HEV-3). One animal had antibodies for Leptospira serovar Shermani and another for serovar Hebdomadis. One saprophyticLeptospira was found by the 16S PCR and sequencing. Viruses were not detected in samples tested. Findings suggest that the epidemiological importance of such pathogens in this GHLT population is either low or nonexistent. These data are important to understand the local disease ecology, as well as monitoring a translocation project, and to contribute data for species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila V Molina
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia (VPT), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Heinemann
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Kierulff
- Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ), Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA), Guapimirim, RJ, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tiago F da Silva
- Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danilo G de Freitas
- Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gisele O de Souza
- Laboratório de Zoonoses Bacterianas, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno A Miotto
- Departamento de Clínica Médica (VCM), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cortez
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luisa Z Moreno
- Laboratório de Sanidade Suína, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal (VPS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José L Catão-Dias
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia (VPT), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina G Bueno
- Instituto Pri-Matas para a Conservação da Biodiversidade, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Presidência, Plataforma Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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11
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The Challenges of Analysing Highly Diverse Picobirnavirus Sequence Data. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120685. [PMID: 30513931 PMCID: PMC6316005 DOI: 10.3390/v10120685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliable identification and classification of infectious diseases is critical for understanding their biology and controlling their impact. Recent advances in sequencing technology have allowed insight into the remarkable diversity of the virosphere, of which a large component remains undiscovered. For these emerging or undescribed viruses, the process of classifying unknown sequences is heavily reliant on existing nucleotide sequence information in public databases. However, due to the enormous diversity of viruses, and past focus on the most prevalent and impactful virus types, databases are often incomplete. Picobirnaviridae is a dsRNA virus family with broad host and geographic range, but with relatively little sequence information in public databases. The family contains one genus, Picobirnavirus, which may be associated with gastric illness in humans and animals. Little further information is available due in part to difficulties in identification. Here, we investigate diversity both within the genus Picobirnavirus and among other dsRNA virus types using a combined phylogenetic and functional (protein structure homology-modelling) approach. Our results show that diversity within picobirnavirus exceeds that seen between many other dsRNA genera. Furthermore, we find that commonly used practices employed to classify picobirnavirus, such as analysis of short fragments and trimming of sequences, can influence phylogenetic conclusions. The degree of phylogenetic and functional divergence among picobirnavirus sequences in our study suggests an enormous undiscovered diversity, which contributes to the undescribed “viral dark matter” component of metagenomic studies.
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12
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Non-Human Primate Models of Enteric Viral Infections. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100544. [PMID: 30301125 PMCID: PMC6213648 DOI: 10.3390/v10100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an important role non-human primates (NHP) play in biomedical research. Phylogenetic proximity of any of the NHP species to Homo sapiens assures that much better translatability of research outcomes from model studies involving human diseases can be achieved than from those generated with other pre-clinical systems. Our group and others used during past two decades NHPs in research directed towards viral and autoimmune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. This review summarizes progress made in the area of enteric viral infections including its applicability to human disease.
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13
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Duraisamy R, Akiana J, Davoust B, Mediannikov O, Michelle C, Robert C, Parra HJ, Raoult D, Biagini P, Desnues C. Detection of novel RNA viruses from free-living gorillas, Republic of the Congo: genetic diversity of picobirnaviruses. Virus Genes 2018; 54:256-271. [PMID: 29476397 PMCID: PMC7088520 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most of the emerging infectious diseases reported so far originated in wildlife. Therefore, virological surveillance of animals and particularly great apes is of great interest to establish the repertory of viruses associated with healthy hosts. This will further help to identify the emergence of new viruses and predict the possibility of interspecies transmission. In this study, we performed shotgun viral metagenomics on stool samples collected from seventeen free-living wild gorillas from the Republic of the Congo. The analysis revealed the presence of novel RNA viruses (picobirnaviruses, partitivirus, and Picornavirales (posa-like and dicistrovirus-like viruses)). Among these, picobirnavirus-related sequences were abundantly covered in the stools. Based on genetic variations both in capsid and RdRp proteins of picobirnaviruses, at least 96 variants were identified and most of them were novel. Among the 96, 22 variants had a nearly complete genome or segment. A comprehensive sequence analysis identified a potential new genogroup/genetic cluster and the presence of a short linear amino acid motif (ExxRxNxxxE) in a hypothetical protein. The sequence analysis of posa-like virus and dicistrovirus showed that these two viruses were novel members in the respective viral families. In conclusion, the identification of novel RNA viruses and their genetic diversity increases our knowledge about viruses that are associated with stools of wild gorillas and contributes to the initiatives in the search for potential emerging zoonotic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Duraisamy
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Akiana
- Laboratoire national de santé publique, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Michelle
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Robert
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Henri-Joseph Parra
- Laboratoire national de santé publique, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Biagini
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268 ADES, Etablissement Français du Sang, Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Assistance-Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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14
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Case-Control Comparison of Enteric Viromes in Captive Rhesus Macaques with Acute or Idiopathic Chronic Diarrhea. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00952-17. [PMID: 28659484 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00952-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is the major cause of non-research-associated morbidity and mortality affecting the supply of rhesus macaques and, potentially, their responses to experimental treatments. Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) in rhesus macaques also resembles ulcerative colitis, one form of human inflammatory bowel disease. To test for viral etiologies, we characterized and compared the fecal viromes from 32 healthy animals, 31 animals with acute diarrhea, and 29 animals with ICD. The overall fractions of eukaryotic viral reads were 0.063% for the healthy group, 0.131% for the acute-diarrhea group, and 0.297% for the chronic-diarrhea group. Eukaryotic viruses belonging to 6 viral families, as well as numerous circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viral genomes, were identified. The most commonly detected sequences were from picornaviruses, making up 59 to 88% of all viral reads, followed by 9 to 17% for CRESS DNA virus sequences. The remaining 5 virus families, Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Anelloviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Parvoviridae, collectively made up 1 to 3% of the viral reads, except for parvoviruses, which made up 23% of the viral reads in the healthy group. Detected members of the families Picornaviridae and Parvoviridae were highly diverse, consisting of multiple genera, species, and genotypes. Coinfections with members of up to six viral families were detected. Complete and partial viral genomes were assembled and used to measure the number of matching short sequence reads in feces from the 92 animals in the two clinical and the healthy control groups. Several enterovirus genotypes and CRESS DNA genomes were associated with ICD relative to healthy animals. Conversely, higher read numbers from different parvoviruses were associated with healthy animals. Our study reveals a high level of enteric coinfections with diverse viruses in a captive rhesus macaque colony and identifies several viruses positively or negatively associated with ICD.
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15
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Gallagher CA, Navarro R, Cruz K, Aung MS, Ng A, Bajak E, Beierschmitt A, Lawrence M, Dore KM, Ketzis J, Malik YS, Kobayashi N, Ghosh S. Detection of picobirnaviruses in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Molecular characterization of complete genomic segment-2. Virus Res 2017; 230:13-18. [PMID: 28057480 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During 2014-2015, 270 fecal samples were collected from non-diarrheic, captive and wild African green monkeys (AGMs) on the island of St. Kitts, Caribbean region. By RNA-PAGE, picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were detected in sixteen captive AGMs. By RT-PCR and sequencing of partial gene segment-2, PBVs in 15 of these 16 samples were assigned to genogroup-I. The full-length nucleotide (nt) sequence of gene segment-2 of one of the genogroup-I PBV strains, strain PBV/African green monkey/KNA/016593/2015, was obtained using a non-specific primer-based amplification method with modifications. Gene segment-2 of strain 016593 was 1707bp long, and encoded a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 538aa. Furthermore, the nearly complete gene segment-2 sequences of three other AGM PBV strains were determined using primers designed from gene segment-2 sequence of 016593. The gene segment-2 of the 4 AGM PBV strains were almost identical to each other, and exhibited a high degree of genetic diversity (maximum nt and deduced aa sequence identities of 66.4% and 65.3%, respectively) with those of PBVs from other host species. The 5'- and 3'- (except for one mismatch) end nt sequences and the three domains of RdRps were retained in the AGM PBV strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection, and molecular characterization of complete gene segment-2 of PBVs in vervet monkeys. PBVs were detected for the first time from the Caribbean region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa A Gallagher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Ryan Navarro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Katalina Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Agnes Ng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies; School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Edyta Bajak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies; Behavioral Science Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Matthew Lawrence
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Kerry M Dore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Jennifer Ketzis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts, West Indies; Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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16
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Kylla H, Dutta TK, Roychoudhury P, Malik YS, Mandakini R, Subudhi PK. Prevalence and molecular characterization of porcine Picobirnavirus in piglets of North East Region of India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:417-422. [PMID: 27987110 PMCID: PMC7089439 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been recognized as one of the important causal viral agents of gastroenteritis in several animal species especially in young immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we report the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of porcine PBVs from North Eastern Hilly region of India. A total of 457 fecal samples from piglets were collected from local (n = 130) and cross (n = 327) breed piglets in different seasons for 2 years. All the samples were subjected to RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR analysis for detection of PBVs. A total of 4.59 and 11.15% samples were recorded as positive for PBVs by RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR, respectively. Rate of detection was higher from diarrhoeic animals (13.56%) compared to non-diarrhoeic (4.23%) animals. Higher prevalence rate was observed from unorganized farms (14.22%) compared to organized farms (8.0%) with slightly higher detection from cross breed (11.62%) compared to local breed (10.0%). Maximum cases of piglet diarrhea associated with PBVs were detected during summer (16.4%) and winter (14.39%) seasons compared to autumn (4.80%) and spring (6.45%). All the samples were positive for PBV genogroup I only. Based upon the sequence analysis, the isolates were unique and placed in separate clad and were not closely associated with any other Indian isolates of PBVs so far. Two isolates were closely related with one Chinese isolate recovered from sewage water. This is the first systematic study of prevalence of PBVs associated with piglet diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kylla
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014 India
| | - T. K. Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014 India
| | - P. Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014 India
| | - Y. S. Malik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014 India
| | - R. Mandakini
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014 India
| | - P. K. Subudhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram 796014 India
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17
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Tan B, Wu LJ, Yang XL, Li B, Zhang W, Lei YS, Li Y, Yang GX, Chen J, Chen G, Wang HZ, Shi ZL. Isolation and characterization of adenoviruses infecting endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Virol J 2016; 13:190. [PMID: 27884154 PMCID: PMC5123214 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0648-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviruses are important pathogens with the potential for interspecies transmission between humans and non-human primates. Although many adenoviruses have been identified in monkeys, the knowledge of these viruses from the Colobinae members is quite limited. FINDINGS We conducted a surveillance of viral infection in endangered golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in the subfamily Colobinae in China, and found that 5.1% of sampled individuals were positive for adenovirus. One of the adenoviruses (SAdV-WIV19) was successfully isolated and its full-length genome was sequenced. The full-length genome of WIV19 is 33,562 bp in size, has a G + C content of 56.2%, and encodes 35 putative genes. Sequence analysis revealed that this virus represents a novel species in the genus Mastadenovirus. Diverse cell lines, including those of human origin, were susceptible to WIV19. CONCLUSION We report the first time the isolation and full-length genomic characterization of an adenovirus from the subfamily Colobinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Song Lei
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Monitoring Center of Wildlife Diseases and Resource of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Present Address: Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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18
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Ao YY, Yu JM, Zhang CY, Xin YY, Li LL, Duan ZJ. Identification of a Novel Enterovirus Species in Rhesus Macaque in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28526. [PMID: 27329349 PMCID: PMC4916455 DOI: 10.1038/srep28526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of Enterovirus (EV) in nonhuman primates (NHPs), which could act as a source of future emerging human viral diseases, have boosted interest in the search for novel EVs. Here, a highly divergent strain of EV, tentatively named SEV-gx, was identified by viral metagenomic analysis from stool samples of rhesus macaques in China. In total, 27 of 280 (9.6%) faecal samples from rhesus macaques were positive for SEV-gx. Its complete genomic sequence is 7,367 nucleotide (nt). Genomic analyses showed that it has a standard genomic organisation for EVs, being more closely related to EV-J strains (approximately 54.0%, 43.0–44.1%, 52.3–55.2%, 61.1–62.7% and 64.0% amino acids identity in polyprotein, P1, P2 and P3 and combined 2C/3CD regions, respectively). It was also shown to have genome characteristics typical of EVs. Phylogenetic analysis of P1, 2C and 3CD aa indicated that SEV-gx can be classified as a distinct cluster in the EVs. All of this evidence demonstrates SEV-gx is a novel species (tentatively named EV-K) in the EV genus, which contributes to our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of EVs. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential pathogenicity of SEV-gx in NHPs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yun Ao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Jie-Mei Yu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Cui-Yuan Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Yun-Yun Xin
- The First affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Duan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
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19
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Detection of the VP6 gene of group F and G rotaviruses in broiler chicken fecal samples from the Amazon region of Brazil. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2263-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Elfenbein HA, Rosso LD, McCowan B, Capitanio JP. Effect of Indoor Compared with Outdoor Location during Gestation on the Incidence of Diarrhea in Indoor-Reared Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2016; 55:277-290. [PMID: 27177560 PMCID: PMC4865688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Behavior and health, including the incidence of chronic idiopathic diarrhea, can vary widely among NHP reared indoors. We hypothesized that factors during gestation account for some of the variability in chronic diarrhea risk that cannot be explained by postnatal environment, genes, or known physiologic deficits. We hypothesized that, among macaques reared indoors postnatally, outdoor housing during gestation (when the dam engaged with a large, species-typical social group) would be protective against diarrhea as compared with gestation experienced in an indoor setting. We also hypothesized that exposure to routine husbandry and veterinary care in utero would increase diarrhea rates in offspring. We built models to test the influence of specific events during pregnancy as well as their interactions with anxiety-related genotype as a way of understanding gene×environment interaction on the development of diarrhea in indoor-reared rhesus macaques. Although previous reports have suggested that rearing by the mother in an indoor environment is preferable to nursery rearing, we found that whether gestation occurred indoors (in single or pair housing) or outdoors (in a large social group) better explained the variability in diarrhea rate in our study population of indoor-reared macaques. Furthermore, the diarrhea incidence was associated with nervous temperament and serotonin transporter promoter genotype. Several significant interactions indicated that some of these effects were specific to subsets of animals. Our results demonstrate that the prenatal environment can have unexpected lasting health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie A Elfenbein
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Laura Del Rosso
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brenda McCowan
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - John P Capitanio
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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Taxonomy proposal for Old World monkey adenoviruses: characterisation of several non-human, non-ape primate adenovirus lineages. Arch Virol 2015; 160:3165-77. [PMID: 26370792 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A species classification regarding Old World monkey adenoviruses is proposed. We determined the nucleotide sequences of PCR-amplified fragments from the genes of the IVa2, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, penton base, and hexon proteins from every simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotype that originated from Old World monkeys for which the full genome sequence had not yet been published. We confirmed that the majority of Old Word monkey SAdVs belong to two previously established species. Interestingly, one is the most recently established human AdV species, Human mastadenovirus G, which includes a single human virus, HAdV-52, as well as SAdV-1, -2, -7, -11, -12, and -15. The other approved species, Simian mastadenovirus A includes SAdV-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -14, and -48. Several SAdVs (SAdV-5, -8, -49, -50) together with baboon AdV-1 and rhesus monkey AdV strains A1139, A1163, A1173, A1258, A1285, A1296, A1312, A1327 and A1335 have been proposed to be classified into an additional species, Simian mastadenovirus B. Another proposed species, Simian mastadenovirus C has been described for SAdV-19, baboon AdV-2/4 and -3. Our study revealed the existence of four additional AdV lineages. The corresponding new candidate species are Simian mastadenovirus D (for SAdV-13), Simian mastadenovirus E (for SAdV-16), Simian mastadenovirus F (for SAdV-17 and -18), and Simian mastadenovirus G (for SAdV-20). Several biological and genomic properties, such as the host origin, haemagglutination profile, number of fibre genes, and G+C content of the genome, strongly support this classification. Three SAdV strains originating from the American Type Culture Collection turned out to be mixtures of at least two virus types, either of the same species (SAdV-12 and -15 types from Human mastadenovirus G) or of two different species (SAdV-5 types from Simian mastadenovirus B and Human mastadenovirus G).
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Verma H, Mor SK, Erber J, Goyal SM. Prevalence and complete genome characterization of turkey picobirnaviruses. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 30:134-139. [PMID: 25530436 PMCID: PMC7172272 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The "light turkey syndrome" (LTS), in which birds weigh less than their standard breed character at the marketing time, is believed to be a consequence of viral enteritis at an early age (3-5 weeks) from which the birds never fully recover. In a previously published study, we collected fecal pools from 2, 3, 5 and 8 week old turkey poults (80 pools from LTS farms and 40 from non-LTS farms) and examined them for the presence of astro-, rota-, reo-, and coronaviruses. To determine the presence of additional enteric viruses, we analyzed a fecal pool by Illumina sequencing and found picobirnavirus (PBV). Segments 1 and 2 of this virus shared 45.8%aa and 60.9-64.5%aa identity with genogroup I of human PBV, respectively. Primers based on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid genes were designed for detection and molecular characterization of PBVs in the 120 fecal pools described above. From LTS farms, 39 of 80 (48.8%) pools were PBV positive while 23 of 40 (57.5%) were positive from non-LTS farms. The phylogenetic analysis of 15 randomly selected strains divided them into four subgroups within genogroup I (subgroups 1A-D). Nine strains were in subgroup IA showing 69.9-76.4%nt identity with human PBV GI strainVS111 from the Netherlands. Strains in subgroup IB (n=2) had 91.4-91.7%nt identity with chicken PBV GI strain AVE 42v1 from Brazil. Two strains in subgroup IC had 72.3-74.2%nt identity with chicken PBV strain AVE 71v3 from Brazil. In subgroup ID, two strains showed 72.4-81.8%nt identity with chicken PBV GI strain AVE 57v2 from Brazil. Subgroup IC and ID were the most divergent. Five of the 15 strains were typed using capsid gene primers. They showed 32.6-33.4%nt and 39.5-41.3%aa identity with VS10 human PBV strain. These results indicate co-circulation of divergent strains of PBVs among Minnesota turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Verma
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jonathan Erber
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sagar M Goyal
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Zhang S, Bai R, Feng R, Zhang H, Liu L. Detection and evolutionary analysis of picobirnaviruses in treated wastewater. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 8:474-82. [PMID: 25546400 PMCID: PMC4408179 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater contains numerous viruses. In this study, picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were detected in the stream of a wastewater treatment plant in Changsha, Hunan province, China, and evolutionary analysis of the isolated PBVs was performed. The phylogenetic tree revealed that the PBVs were highly divergent and could be classified into six distinct groups according to their hosts. Among these groups, pairwise comparison of the six groups revealed that the nucleotide distance of group 4 (bootstrap value = 0.92; nucleotide identity = 94%) was the largest. Thus, group 4 might represent a new division of PBVs. Comprehensive analysis of the obtained PBV sequences to investigate their evolutionary history and phylodynamics revealed that group 5 (PBVs from monkey) exhibited maximum polymorphism (K = 30.582, S = 74, η = 98, Pa = 47) and lowest nucleotide substitutions per site per year (6.54E-3 subs per site per year), except group 4. Maximum clade credibility tree indicated that group 5 appeared earlier than the other groups. In conclusion, this study detected PBVs in treated wastewater in China, and identified a new PBV group. Furthermore, among these PBVs, group 5 was found to survive longer and present a balance between PBVs and their monkey host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhang
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A, Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
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Masachessi G, Ganesh B, Martinez LC, Giordano MO, Barril PA, Isa MB, Paván GV, Mateos CA, Nates SV. Maintenance of picobirnavirus (PBV) infection in an adult orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) and genetic diversity of excreted viral strains during a three-year period. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 29:196-202. [PMID: 25435283 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work provide data about the maintenance of picobirnavirus (PBV) infection during adulthood in a mammalian host. For this purpose PBV infection was studied in an adult orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) by PAGE/SS, RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. PBV infection in the animal was asymptomatic and was characterized by interspaced silent and high/ low active viral excretion periods. The PBV strains excreted by the studied individual were identified as genogroup I and revealed a nucleotide identity among them of 64-81%. The results obtained allowed to arrive to a deeper understanding of the natural history of PBV infection, which seems to be characterized by new-born, juvenile and adult asymptomatic hosts which persistently excrete closely related strains in their feces. Consequently, picobirnaviruses could be considered frequent inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, leaving the question open about the molecular mechanisms governing persistent and asymptomatic coexistence within the host and the potential host suitability to maintain this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Masachessi
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India.
| | - Laura C Martinez
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Miguel O Giordano
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Patricia A Barril
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Maria B Isa
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Giorgio V Paván
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Carlos A Mateos
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Silvia V Nates
- Virology Institute ''Dr. J. M. Vanella", School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Bányai K, Potgieter C, Gellért Á, Ganesh B, Tempesta M, Lorusso E, Buonavoglia C, Martella V. Genome sequencing identifies genetic and antigenic divergence of porcine picobirnaviruses. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2233-2239. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.057984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The full-length genome sequence of a porcine picobirnavirus (PBV) detected in Italy in 2004 was determined. The smaller (S) genome segment was 1730 nt, coding for a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Two distinct subpopulations of larger (L) genome segment (LA and LB) were identified in the sample, with the sizes ranging from 2351 to 2666 nt. The ORF1, coding for a protein of unknown function, contained a variable number of repetitions of the ExxRxNxxxE motif. The capsid protein-coding ORF2 spanned nt 810–2447 in the LB variants and started at nt 734 in the LA variants. However, a termination codon was present only in one of all the LA segment variants. Three-dimensional modelling of the porcine PBV capsids suggested structural differences in the protruding domain, tentatively involved as antigens in the humoral immune response. Altogether, these findings suggest the simultaneous presence of two different PBV strains sharing the same S segment but displaying genetically diverse L segments. In addition, the sample probably contained a mixture of PBVs with aberrant RNA replication products. Altered structure in the L segments could be tolerated and retained in the presence of functionally integer-cognate genes and represents a mechanism of virus diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christiaan Potgieter
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Human Metabonomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Virology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Ákos Gellért
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Martella
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Epidemiology, phylogeny, and evolution of emerging enteric Picobirnaviruses of animal origin and their relationship to human strains. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:780752. [PMID: 25136620 PMCID: PMC4124650 DOI: 10.1155/2014/780752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Picobirnavirus (PBV) which has been included in the list of viruses causing enteric infection in animals is highly versatile because of its broad host range and genetic diversity. PBVs are among the most recent and emerging small, nonenveloped viruses with a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome, classified under a new family “Picobirnaviridae.” PBVs have also been detected from respiratory tract of pigs, but needs further close investigation for their inhabitant behavior. Though, accretion of genomic data of PBVs from different mammalian species resolved some of the ambiguity, quite a few questions and hypotheses regarding pathogenesis, persistence location, and evolution of PBVs remain unreciprocated. Evolutionary analysis reveals association of PBVs with partitiviruses especially fungi partitiviruses. Although, PBVs may have an ambiguous clinical implication, they do pose a potential public health concern in humans and control of PBVs mainly relies on nonvaccinal approach. Based upon the published data, from 1988 to date, generated from animal PBVs across the globe, this review provides information and discussion with respect to genetic analysis as well as evolution of PBVs of animal origin in relation to human strains.
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Abstract
A previous metagenomic analysis of the turkey gut RNA virus community identified novel enteric viruses that may play roles in poultry enteric diseases or in performance problems noted in the field. As part of the molecular characterization of these novel enteric viruses, a reverse transcriptase-PCR diagnostic assay was developed, targeting a novel turkey-origin picobirnavirus (PBV) initially identified in a pooled intestinal sample from turkey poults in North Carolina. Little detailed molecular information exists regarding the family Picobirnaviridae, particularly for the PBVs that have been described in avian species. This diagnostic assay targets the turkey PBV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene and produces an 1135-bp amplicon. This assay was validated using in vitro transcribed RNA and was tested using archived enteric samples collected from turkey flocks in the southeastern United States. Further, a phylogenetic analysis suggests the turkey PBV is unique because it does not group closely with the recognized PBV genogroups circulating in mammalian hosts.
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Ganesh B, Masachessi G, Mladenova Z. Animal picobirnavirus. Virusdisease 2014; 25:223-38. [PMID: 25674589 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Picobirnavirus (PBV) is a small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus of vertebrate hosts. The name 'Picobirnavirus' derives from the prefix 'pico' (latin for 'small') in reference to the small virion size, plus the prefix 'bi' (latin for 'two') and the word 'RNA' to indicate the nature of the viral genome. The serendipitous discovery of PBV dates back to 1988 from Brazil, when human fecal samples collected during the acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were subjected for routine rotavirus surveillance by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver straining (S/S). The PAGE gels after silver staining showed a typical 'two RNA band' pattern, and it was identified as Picobirnavirus. Likewise, the feces of wild black-footed pigmy rice rats (Oryzomys nigripes) subjected for PAGE assay by the same research group in Brazil reported the presence of PBV (Pereira et al., J Gen Virol 69:2749-2754, 1988). PBVs have been detected in faeces of humans and wide range of animal species with or without diarrhoea, worldwide. The probable role of PBV as either a 'primary diarrhoeal agent' in 'immunocompetent children'; or a 'potential pathogen' in 'immunocompromised individuals' or an 'innocuous virus' in the intestine remains elusive and needs to be investigated despite the numerous reports of the presence of PBV in fecal samples of various species of domestic mammals, wild animals, birds and snakes; our current knowledge of their biology, etiology, pathogenicity or their transmission characteristics remains subtle. This review aims to analyse the veterinary and zoonotic aspects of animal Picobirnavirus infections since its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C. I. T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700 010 West Bengal India
| | - Gisela Masachessi
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Zornitsa Mladenova
- National Reference Laboratory of Enteroviruses, Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, 44A, Stoletov Blvd., 1233 Sofia, Bulgaria
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29
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Molecular detection of genogroup I and II picobirnaviruses in pigs in China. Virus Genes 2014; 48:553-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Handley SA, Thackray LB, Zhao G, Presti R, Miller AD, Droit L, Abbink P, Maxfield LF, Kambal A, Duan E, Stanley K, Kramer J, Macri SC, Permar SR, Schmitz JE, Mansfield K, Brenchley JM, Veazey RS, Stappenbeck TS, Wang D, Barouch DH, Virgin HW. Pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with expansion of the enteric virome. Cell 2012; 151:253-66. [PMID: 23063120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection is associated with enteropathy, which likely contributes to AIDS progression. To identify candidate etiologies for AIDS enteropathy, we used next-generation sequencing to define the enteric virome during SIV infection in nonhuman primates. Pathogenic, but not nonpathogenic, SIV infection was associated with significant expansion of the enteric virome. We identified at least 32 previously undescribed enteric viruses during pathogenic SIV infection and confirmed their presence by using viral culture and PCR testing. We detected unsuspected mucosal adenovirus infection associated with enteritis as well as parvovirus viremia in animals with advanced AIDS, indicating the pathogenic potential of SIV-associated expansion of the enteric virome. No association between pathogenic SIV infection and the family-level taxonomy of enteric bacteria was detected. Thus, enteric viral infections may contribute to AIDS enteropathy and disease progression. These findings underline the importance of metagenomic analysis of the virome for understanding AIDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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31
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Souza F, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF, Lorenzetti E, Headley SA, Passos F, Silvestre T, Zago L, Mottin V, Montiani-Ferreira F, Lange R, Svoboda W, Gomes E. The evaluation of enteric viruses in asymptomatic free-ranging non-human primates (Alouatta guariba clamitans, Alouatta caraya, Callithrixspp., Callithrix penicillata,andLeontopithecus caissara)in southern Brazil. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:304-8. [PMID: 22889190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - Amauri A. Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Paraná; Brazil
| | - Alice F. Alfieri
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Paraná; Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Paraná; Brazil
| | - Selwyn A. Headley
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Paraná; Brazil
| | - Fernando Passos
- Department of Zoology; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - Thiago Silvestre
- Graduate Program in Zoology; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - Luciana Zago
- Graduate Program in Zoology; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - Viviane Mottin
- Department of Zoology; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Lange
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - Walfrido Svoboda
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba; Brazil
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Farkas T, Falkenstein KP, Bohm RP, Pecotte J, Sestak K. High incidence of rhesus enteric calicivirus infections and diarrhea in captive juvenile macaques: a likely association. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:325-8. [PMID: 22882638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCVs) were recently described. METHODS Prevalence of ReCV antibodies was tested in six species of captive non-human primates. RESULTS High ReCV seroprevalence was revealed in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. CONCLUSIONS High rates of ReCV seroprevalence and diarrhea in juvenile macaques suggest that ReCVs may play a role in morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Farkas
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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33
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Masachessi G, Martinez LC, Ganesh B, Giordano MO, Barril PA, Isa MB, Ibars A, Pavan JV, Nates SV. Establishment and maintenance of persistent infection by picobirnavirus in greater rhea (Rhea Americana). Arch Virol 2012; 157:2075-82. [PMID: 22782138 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A study aimed to determine the infection model that picobirnavirus (PBV) established in birds was conducted in a farm of greater rheas in Córdoba, Argentina. Analysis of stools collected during a longitudinal study involving seven birds provided evidence that PBV is acquired very early in life and establishes a persistent infection in the host, which is characterized by intermingled periods of high, low and silent viral activity. Genomic analysis indicated that the rheas excreted virus with nucleotide sequence identity between 90.5-100 % and that more than one PBV strain with different electropherotype profiles could be involve in the infection. This report provides the first evidence of persistent infection of PBV in birds. The natural history of PBV infection has begun to be understood, and it appears that asymptomatic PBV-infected mammals and birds could persistently excrete the virus in stool samples, contributing to wide circulation of the virus in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Masachessi
- Virology Institute Dr. J. M. Vanella, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Gillman L, Sánchez AM, Arbiza J. Picobirnavirus in captive animals from Uruguay: identification of new hosts. Intervirology 2012; 56:46-9. [PMID: 22759924 DOI: 10.1159/000338275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been detected in several species of animals from different countries worldwide, including in South America. The host range of these viruses has increased in recent years; thus, in order to contribute to the knowledge in this topic we analyzed samples from captivity animals from Uruguay. We found the presence of PBVs in four species of animals, Panthera leo, Panthera onca, Puma concolor and Oncifelis geoffroyi, representing new PBV-susceptible hosts. All strains belonged to genogroup I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gillman
- Sección Virología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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Sestak K, Feely S, Fey B, Dufour J, Hargitt E, Alvarez X, Pahar B, Gregoricus N, Vinjé J, Farkas T. Experimental inoculation of juvenile rhesus macaques with primate enteric caliciviruses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37973. [PMID: 22666426 PMCID: PMC3364207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue culture-adapted Tulane virus (TV), a GI.1 rhesus enteric calicivirus (ReCV), and a mixture of GII.2 and GII.4 human norovirus (NoV)-containing stool sample were used to intrastomacheally inoculate juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in order to evaluate infection caused by these viruses. METHODOLOGY & FINDINGS: Two of the three TV-inoculated macaques developed diarrhea, fever, virus-shedding in stools, inflammation of duodenum and 16-fold increase of TV-neutralizing (VN) serum antibodies but no vomiting or viremia. No VN-antibody responses could be detected against a GI.2 ReCV strain FT285, suggesting that TV and FT285 represent different ReCV serotypes. Both NoV-inoculated macaques remained asymptomatic but with demonstrable virus shedding in one animal. Examination of duodenum biopsies of the TV-inoculated macaques showed lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria and villous blunting. TV antigen-positive (TV+) cells were detected in the lamina propria. In most of the TV+ cells TV co-localized perinuclearly with calnexin--an endoplasmic reticulum protein. A few CD20+TV+ double-positive B cells were also identified in duodenum. To corroborate the authenticity of CD20+TV+ B cells, in vitro cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy macaques were inoculated with TV. Multicolor flow cytometry confirmed the presence of TV antigen-containing B cells of predominantly CD20+HLA-DR+ phenotype. A 2-log increase of viral RNA by 6 days post inoculation (p<0.05) suggested active TV replication in cultured lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results show that ReCVs represent an alternative cell culture and animal model to study enteric calicivirus replication, pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Sestak
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (TF)
| | - Stephanie Feely
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brittney Fey
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jason Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Edwin Hargitt
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nicole Gregoricus
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tibor Farkas
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KS); (TF)
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Simian genogroup I picobirnaviruses: prevalence, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2779-82. [PMID: 22622441 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00634-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the first detection of simian picobirnaviruses (PBVs) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in fecal specimens of two monkeys with diarrhea in China. We now report the detection of genogroup I PBVs in 48% (44/92) of the fecal specimens by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and amplicon sequencing using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) gene. Molecular characterization of these 44 strains demonstrated both sequence conservation and diversity among simian PBVs and among simian, porcine, and human PBVs. We further determined full-length sequences of segment 2 of the two simian PBV strains, monkey/CHN-14/2002 and monkey/CHN-49/2002, and demonstrated 52.5% to 54.2% nucleotide sequence similarity to the corresponding gene of the bovine strain RUBV and the prototype human strain 1-CHN-97 of genogroup I PBVs and an even lower similarity (38.4%) to segment 2 of the prototype human genogroup II strain 4-GA-91. Further studies are needed to investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PBVs in animals and humans.
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Ganesh B, Bányai K, Martella V, Jakab F, Masachessi G, Kobayashi N. Picobirnavirus infections: viral persistence and zoonotic potential. Rev Med Virol 2012; 22:245-56. [PMID: 22311513 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are small, non-enveloped, bisegmented double-stranded RNA genomic viruses of vertebrate hosts. Since their discovery in the late 1980s in clinical specimens from outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in children, significant efforts have been made to investigate the role of PBV in diarrheic diseases. PBV has been detected in sporadic episodes of diarrhea as sole pathogen or coinfection as well as in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis and in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea. However, PBV is frequently detected in non-diarrheic healthy hosts, and prolonged shedding has been observed in some individuals. Of interest, similar patterns of PBV infection have also been observed in pigs and other animal hosts. The increasing amount of PBV sequence data gathered from molecular epidemiological studies has evidenced a great sequence diversity of PBVs in various hosts and environmental samples. Importantly, evidence has been found for genetic relatedness between human and animal PBV strains, suggesting extant crossing points in the ecology and evolution of heterologous PBV strains. At present, no cell culture and animal model exists for PBVs. Well-structured epidemiological studies are still the only alternative to demonstrate the potential etiological role of PBVs in acute gastroenteritis or other diseases. This review aims to analyze the public health aspects of PBV infection, especially its possible association with zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Malik YS, Chandrashekar KM, Sharma K, Haq AA, Vaid N, Chakravarti S, Batra M, Singh R, Pandey AB. Picobirnavirus detection in bovine and buffalo calves from foothills of Himalaya and Central India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:1475-8. [PMID: 21479844 PMCID: PMC7088823 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes detection of picobirnavirus (PBV) in faecal samples from bovine and buffalo calves employing the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A total of 136 faecal samples from buffalo (n = 122) and cow calves (n = 14) exhibiting clinical signs of diarrhoea and from healthy calves were collected during 2007–2010 from subtropical (central India) and tarai area of western temperate Himalayan foothills (Uttarakhand). The dsRNA nature of the virus was confirmed by nuclease treatment (RNase A, RNaseT1 and DNase 1). PAGE results confirmed 3.67% (5/136) positivity for PBV, showing a typical genomic migration pattern with two discrete bands with size of approximately 2.4 and 1.7 kbps for the larger and smaller segments, respectively. Among the five PBV samples identified, three were from buffalo calves and one from cow calf exhibiting clinical signs of acute diarrhoea, while one sample from non-diarrhoeic buffalo calf also showed the presence of PBV. None of the samples showed dual infection of rotavirus and PBV. The preliminary findings indicate sporadic incidences of PBV in bovine calves and emphasize the need for the development of better diagnostics for early detection and genetic characterization of these emerging isolates of farm animals of economic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263138, India.
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Ganesh B, Banyai K, Masachessi G, Mladenova Z, Nagashima S, Ghosh S, Nataraju SM, Pativada M, Kumar R, Kobayashi N. Genogroup I picobirnavirus in diarrhoeic foals: can the horse serve as a natural reservoir for human infection? Vet Res 2011; 42:52. [PMID: 21414192 PMCID: PMC3068956 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Picobirnaviruses (PBV) are small, non-enveloped viruses with a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome. In this study a PBV strain, PBV/Horse/India/BG-Eq-3/2010, was identified in the faeces of a 10 month old weaned female foal with diarrhoea in January 2010 from Kolkata, India. Surprisingly, sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of a short stretch of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene revealed close genetic relatedness (> 98% nucleotide identity) to a human genogroup I PBV strain (Hu/GPBV1) detected earlier from the same part of India. Our observations together with earlier findings on genetic relatedness between human and animal PBV warrant further studies on zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED), P-33, C,I,T, Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India.
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Ursu, K, Papp, H, Kisfali, P, Rigó, D, Melegh, B, Martella, V, Bányai K. Monitoring of Group A Rotaviruses in Wild-Living Birds in Hungary. Avian Dis 2011; 55:123-7. [DOI: 10.1637/9428-061610-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nates SV, Gatti MSV, Ludert JE. The picobirnavirus: an integrated view on its biology, epidemiology and pathogenic potential. Future Virol 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Picobirnaviruses (PBV) are a group of small, nonenveloped viruses with bi-segmented dsRNA genomes. The large genomic segment encodes for the capsid protein while the small segment encodes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. PBV are widely distributed and have been detected in the feces of a large variety of vertebrate species, including farm and captive animals and also in humans. Their etiological role as a cause of diarrhea remains elusive. Still, compelling evidence indicates that PBV may be opportunistic pathogens associated with diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. The partial molecular characterization of human and animal strains revealed that PBVs are highly variable, and at least two distinct genogroups have been recognized. In addition, the possibility of interspecies transmission has been suggested. This article examines the molecular epidemiology and the biology of PBV and highlights the major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia V Nates
- Institute for Virology ‘Dr JM Vanella’, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Cordoba National University, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan E Ludert
- Department of Infectomics & Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research & Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico and Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN. Av. IPN 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico, D.F., C.P. 07360, Mexico
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Ganesh B, Nagashima S, Ghosh S, Nataraju SM, Rajendran K, Manna B, Ramamurthy T, Niyogi SK, Kanungo S, Sur D, Kobayashi N, Krishnan T. Detection and molecular characterization of multiple strains of Picobirnavirus causing mixed infection in a diarrhoeic child: Emergence of prototype Genogroup II-like strain in Kolkata, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2011; 2:61-72. [PMID: 21537403 PMCID: PMC3077240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) associated with viral gastroenteritis were reported from humans and several animal species to date. PBVs belonging to family Picobirnaviridae under proposed order Diplornavirales are small, non-enveloped, with bisegmented dsRNA genome. METHODS PBV was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver staining. Confirmatory RT-PCR using primer pair PicoB25 (+) and PicoB43 (-) for genogroup I PBV and PicoB23(+) and PicoB24(-) for genogroup II PBV, resulted in amplicons of 201bp and 369bp respectively. The amplicons of genogroup I PBV were cloned and sequenced; amplicon of genogroup II PBV was directly sequenced. Further, the phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of strains from Kolkata was compared with hitherto reported PBV strains. RESULTS In PAGE, a faecal specimen showed three sets of PBV with large profile bisegmented genomic RNA with slight variation in migration pattern. Molecular cloning experiments confirmed that PBV/ Human/INDIA/GPBV6/2007 had mixed infection comprising four different strains of PBV genogroup I [GPBV6C1P-GPBV6C4P] and one PBV genogroup II strain [GPBV6G2P]. CONCLUSION Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of gene segment 2 of GPBV6 clones (C1, C2, C3 and C4) revealed low nucleotide identities (59-63%) and distant genetic relatedness to other human and porcine genogroup I picobirnaviruses. The strain GPBV6G2P represents another PBV genogroup II strain after prototype strain 4-GA-91/USA as genogroup II PBVs have seldom been reported to date, except from Kolkata, India and Netherlands. We are reporting the first incidence of detection of multiple strain (mixed) infection of picobirnavirus [genogroups I and II] from a diarrhoeic child in a slum community of Kolkata, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineS-1 W-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineS-1 W-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Seegekote M Nataraju
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnan Rajendran
- Division of Data Management, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Byomkesh Manna
- Division of Data Management, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Swapan K Niyogi
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Kanungo
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipika Sur
- Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of MedicineS-1 W-17, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Triveni Krishnan
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED)P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
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Molecular characterization of adenoviruses in fecal samples of captively bred rhesus macaques in China. Vet Microbiol 2010; 149:461-6. [PMID: 21215533 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to study the molecular diversity of simian adenoviruses in nonhuman primate (NHP) populations, we screened a colony of captively bred rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in China for the presence of adenoviral DNA in stool samples. This was done by using the nested PCR method that targeted the adenovirus polymerase gene. Among the 57 animals analyzed, fecal samples from 12 animals were positive for the presence of adenoviral DNA and the PCR fragments were cloned for sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results suggested that the viral DNA clones were primarily segregated into two large groups: SAdV-6 (2 non-redundant sequences) and SAdV-7 (9 non-redundant sequences). In addition, there were three clones with more similarity to SAdV-1, SAdV-3 and HAdV-52 respectively. Our data confirmed the prevalence of adenoviral DNA in the feces of NHPs and revealed the heterogeneity and phylogenetics of the adenoviruses in the gastrointestinal tract of the study animals.
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Tong S, Singh J, Ruone S, Humphrey C, Yip CCY, Lau SKP, Anderson LJ, Kaur T. Identification of adenoviruses in fecal specimens from wild chimpanzees (Pan trogylodytes schweinfurthii) in western Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82:967-70. [PMID: 20439983 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA of two distinctive adenoviruses was detected in wild chimpanzees in western Tanzania that showed clinical signs of acute, upper respiratory disease, notably coughing. The amplified sequences from part of the capsid hexon gene suggests that one virus is a novel adenovirus serotype candidate and the other virus is a species C adenovirus most closely related to recent isolates from captive chimpanzees in the United States, Simian AdV 37 with 86% nucleic acid identity and Simian AdV 40 with 95% nucleic acid identity, respectively. The species C adenovirus sequences suggest possible recombination with a human adenovirus. The source of these viruses and disease association is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Tong
- Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Ganesh B, Nataraju SM, Rajendran K, Ramamurthy T, Kanungo S, Manna B, Nagashima S, Sur D, Kobayashi N, Krishnan T. Detection of closely related Picobirnaviruses among diarrhoeic children in Kolkata: evidence of zoonoses? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2010; 10:511-6. [PMID: 20178864 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The genus, Picobirnavirus (PBV), Spanish 'pico'='small', birna for 'bipartite RNA' genome, belongs to the family Picobirnaviridae under the proposed order Diplornavirales. PBV infections have been reported from diarrhoeic animal species and humans as well as from asymptomatic cases. The detection of Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) in diarrhoeic faecal specimens from children aged <5 years, suggestive of zoonotic transmission is being reported. 23 Picobirnavirus positive faecal specimens were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and silver staining from a set of 1112 faecal specimens collected from an urban slum community in Kolkata between July and October 2007. The Picobirnaviruses showed either large profile (n=22) or small profile (n=1) for their bisegmented genomic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). 13/23 positives were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as 201bp amplicon with genogroup I primers [PicoB25(+) and PicoB43(-) specific for RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene fragment encoded by genomic segment 2] and seven amplicons were sequenced [GPBV1-5, 7 and 8]. Sequence analyses showed that four PBV strains [GPBV1-3 and 8] resembled different clones of porcine PBV strains (D4, D6 and C10) reported in 2008 from Hungary and two PBV strains [GPBV4 and 7] resembled human PBV strains (P597, Kolkata and 2-GA-91, USA) with the maximum nucleotide (nt) identity ranging from 78% to 92%. One strain GPBV5 clustered with human PBVs and porcine PBVs that were reported from Hungary, Venezuela and Argentina showing close homology to human-like PBVs. Therefore, the close monitoring of their global spread as well as in-depth molecular characterization is essential for better understanding of emerging PBV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700 010, West Bengal, India
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Farkas T, Dufour J, Jiang X, Sestak K. Detection of norovirus-, sapovirus- and rhesus enteric calicivirus-specific antibodies in captive juvenile macaques. J Gen Virol 2009; 91:734-8. [PMID: 19889933 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.015263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-norovirus (NoV), -sapovirus (SaV) and -Tulane virus (TV) antibodies in rhesus macaques of the Tulane National Primate Research Center and to evaluate the antigenic relationship between these viruses. A high prevalence of NoV-binding (51-61 %) and SaV-binding (50-56 %) antibodies and TV-neutralizing (69 %) antibodies were detected. Serum samples obtained during a human NoV outbreak and a multivalent anti-NoV hyperimmune serum were not able to neutralize TV infectivity. Conversely, low levels of cross-reactivity between the prototype TV and NoVs, but not between the TV and SaVs were detected by ELISA. These data indicate the preservation of some cross-reactive B-cell epitopes between the rhesus and human caliciviruses (CVs). The high prevalence of human and rhesus CV-specific serum antibodies suggests the frequent exposure of colony macaques to enteric CVs including the possibility of CV transmission between human and non-human primate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Farkas
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Bányai K, Esona MD, Liu A, Wang Y, Tu X, Jiang B. Molecular detection of novel adenoviruses in fecal specimens of captive monkeys with diarrhea in China. Vet Microbiol 2009; 142:416-9. [PMID: 19926233 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (AdV) has been recently detected among monkeys with diarrhea in a major research primate colony in China. To better assess disease burden and epidemiology of adenoviruses in the colony, we examined the prevalence of this virus in fecal specimens by PCR using broadly reactive hexon gene-specific primers. Of the 29 strains that were characterized by sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we identified a broad spectrum of simian AdV (SAdV) types, including species SAdV-A (n=14) and HAdV-G (n=9). Six additional strains represented two genetic clusters distantly related to other known SAdVs. A better understanding of the epidemiology of SAdVs and their potential role in gastroenteritis is critical to the implementation of advanced prevention strategies against AdV infection in captive primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bányai
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Ghosh S, Kobayashi N, Nagashima S, Naik TN. Molecular characterization of full-length genomic segment 2 of a bovine picobirnavirus (PBV) strain: evidence for high genetic diversity with genogroup I PBVs. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:2519-2524. [PMID: 19587136 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.013987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the molecular characterization of a bovine genogroup I picobirnavirus strain RUBV-P detected from a 1-month-old diarrhoeic calf in eastern India. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of a short stretch of gene segment 2 of RUBV-P revealed low nucleotide identities (51.2-64.9%) with and distant genetic relatedness to other genogroup I picobirnaviruses. The complete gene segment 2 sequence of RUBV-P was obtained by the single primer amplification method with modifications. Gene segment 2 of RUBV-P was 1758 bp long, encoded a predicted protein of 554 aa and exhibited low nucleotide (58.1-58.8%) and amino acid (51.3-55.4%) identities with genogroup I human strains Hy005102 and 1-CHN-97. The 5'- and 3'-end nucleotide sequences, and the three motifs of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of double-stranded RNA viruses, were conserved among these strains. Our findings suggested that bovine strain RUBV-P might be distinct from genogroup I picobirnaviruses of humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - S Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - T N Naik
- School of Biology, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India
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Muradrasoli S, Mohamed N, Hornyák A, Fohlman J, Olsen B, Belák S, Blomberg J. Broadly targeted multiprobe QPCR for detection of coronaviruses: Coronavirus is common among mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). J Virol Methods 2009; 159:277-87. [PMID: 19406168 PMCID: PMC7112901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) can cause trivial or fatal disease in humans and in animals. Detection methods for a wide range of CoVs are needed, to understand viral evolution, host range, transmission and maintenance in reservoirs. A new concept, “Multiprobe QPCR”, which uses a balanced mixture of competing discrete non- or moderately degenerated nuclease degradable (TaqMan®) probes was employed. It provides a broadly targeted and rational single tube real-time reverse transcription PCR (“NQPCR”) for the generic detection and discovery of CoV. Degenerate primers, previously published, and the new probes, were from a conserved stretch of open reading frame 1b, encoding the replicase. This multiprobe design reduced the degree of probe degeneration, which otherwise decreases the sensitivity, and allowed a preliminary classification of the amplified sequence directly from the QPCR trace. The split probe strategy allowed detection of down to 10 viral nucleic acid equivalents of CoV from all known CoV groups. Evaluation was with reference CoV strains, synthetic targets, human respiratory samples and avian fecal samples. Infectious-Bronchitis-Virus (IBV)-related variants were found in 7 of 35 sample pools, from 100 wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Ducks may spread and harbour CoVs. NQPCR can detect a wide range of CoVs, as illustrated for humans and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaman Muradrasoli
- Section of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Sciences, Academic Hospital, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjolds v. 17, SE- 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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