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Chen S, Tan S, Jin Z, Wu J, Zhao Y, Xu W, Liu S, Li Y, Huang H, Bao F, Xie J. The transcriptional landscape of Populus pattern/effector-triggered immunity and how PagWRKY18 involved in it. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2074-2092. [PMID: 38409861 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Plants trigger a robust immune response by activating massive transcriptome reprogramming through crosstalk between PTI and ETI. However, how PTI and ETI contribute to the quantitative or/and qualitative output of immunity and how they work together when both are being activated were unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive overview of pathogen-triggered transcriptomic reprogramming by analyzing temporal changes in the transcriptome up to 144 h after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inoculated in Populus. Moreover, we constructed a hierarchical gene regulatory network of PagWRKY18 and its potential target genes to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms of PagWRKY18 that are not yet clear. Interestingly, we confirmed that PagWRKY18 protein can directly bind the W-box elements in the promoter of a transmembrane leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, PagSOBIR1 gene, to trigger PTI. At the same time, PagWRKY18 functions in disease tolerance by modulation of ROS homeostasis and induction of cell death via directly targeting PagGSTU7 and PagPR4 respectively. Furthermore, PagPR4 can interact with PagWRKY18 to inhibit the expression of PagPR4 genes, forming a negative feedback loop. Taken together, these results suggest that PagWRKY18 may be involved in regulating crosstalk between PTI and ETI to activate a robust immune response and maintain intracellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhelun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiadong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Lin'an, China
| | - Fei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Sun K, Pan YT, Jiang HJ, Xu JY, Ma CY, Zhou J, Liu Y, Shabala S, Zhang W, Dai CC. Root endophyte-mediated alteration in plant H2O2 homeostasis regulates symbiosis outcome and reshapes the rhizosphere microbiota. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3153-3170. [PMID: 38394357 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic symbioses between plants and fungi are a dominant feature of many terrestrial ecosystems, yet little is known about the signaling that defines these symbiotic associations. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recognized as a key signal mediating the plant adaptive response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the role of H2O2 in plant-fungal symbiosis remains elusive. Using a combination of physiological analysis, plant and fungal deletion mutants, and comparative transcriptomics, we reported that various environmental conditions differentially affect the interaction between Arabidopsis and the root endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris, and link this process to alterations in H2O2 levels and H2O2 fluxes across root tips. We found that enhanced H2O2 efflux leading to a moderate increase in H2O2 levels at the plant-fungal interface is required for maintaining plant-fungal symbiosis. Disturbance of plant H2O2 homeostasis compromises the symbiotic ability of plant roots. Moreover, the fungus-regulated H2O2 dynamics modulate the rhizosphere microbiome by selectively enriching for the phylum Cyanobacteria, with strong antioxidant defenses. Our results demonstrated that the regulation of H2O2 dynamics at the plant-fungal interface affects the symbiotic outcome in response to external conditions and highlight the importance of the root endophyte in reshaping the rhizosphere microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Tong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Jun Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen-Yu Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Zhongguancun Xuyue Non-invasive Micro-test Technology Industrial Alliance, Beijing 10080, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 60909, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang J, Ye L, Chen Q, Wang F. Response analysis of Pinus sibirica to pine wood nematode infection through transcriptomics and metabolomics study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1383018. [PMID: 38774221 PMCID: PMC11106439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1383018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Pinus sibirica is primarily distributed in Siberia. Owing to its excellent cold resistance and development potential, it has become an important introduced tree species in the Greater Xing'an area of China. Pine wilt disease, triggered by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), constitutes a profoundly critical affliction within forest ecosystems. Its incidence has extended to the northeastern region of China in recent years. To explore the potential host status of P. sibirica in the Greater Xing'an area for PWN and to elucidate the responses following inoculation, artificial inoculation, transcriptomics, and metabolomics methods were used. In the artificial inoculation experiments, quantitative analysis of nematode populations within the trees demonstrated that PWN exhibited normal growth and reproductive capabilities within P. sibirica. Subsequently, transcriptome and metabolome sequencing were conducted at four time points before disease onset (3-, 5-, 7-, and 9-days post inoculation). Gene trend analysis and differentially expressed gene screening were employed and the results indicated that genes associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway exhibited predominant enrichment among the up-regulated genes. Metabolome analysis showed that the abundance of flavonoid-related metabolites in P. sibirica increased after inoculation with PWN. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome revealed that after PWN inoculation in P. sibirica, two chalcone synthase (chs) genes and a chalcone isomerase (chi) gene were significantly upregulated, and the upregulation should accumulate naringenin, pinocembrin, and apigenin to help P. sibirica resist infection of PWN. The results suggested that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway continued to respond after P. sibirica was infected with PWN and played an important role in the interaction between P. sibirica and PWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pests Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Nation Forestry and Grassland Administration on Northeast Area Forest and Grass Dangerous Pest Management and Control, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, Liaoning, China
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Garai S, Bhowal B, Gupta M, Sopory SK, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A, Kaur C. Role of methylglyoxal and redox homeostasis in microbe-mediated stress mitigation in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 338:111922. [PMID: 37952767 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the general consequences of stress in plants is the accumulation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and carbonyl species (like methylglyoxal) to levels that are detrimental for plant growth. These reactive species are inherently produced in all organisms and serve different physiological functions but their excessive accumulation results in cellular toxicity. It is, therefore, essential to restore equilibrium between their synthesis and breakdown to ensure normal cellular functioning. Detoxification mechanisms that scavenge these reactive species are considered important for stress mitigation as they maintain redox balance by restricting the levels of ROS, methylglyoxal and other reactive species in the cellular milieu. Stress tolerance imparted to plants by root-associated microbes involves a multitude of mechanisms, including maintenance of redox homeostasis. By improving the overall antioxidant response in plants, microbes can strengthen defense pathways and hence, the adaptive abilities of plants to sustain growth under stress. Hence, through this review we wish to highlight the contribution of root microbiota in modulating the levels of reactive species and thereby, maintaining redox homeostasis in plants as one of the important mechanisms of stress alleviation. Further, we also examine the microbial mechanisms of resistance to oxidative stress and their role in combating plant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bidisha Bhowal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Charanpreet Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Zhang X, Ren K, Xiao C, Chen X. Guanosine-driven hyaluronic acid-based supramolecular hydrogels with peroxidase-like activity for chronic diabetic wound treatment. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:206-217. [PMID: 37839631 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Guanosine is often used to construct supramolecular hydrogels due to its self-assembly properties, however, the high temperature and strong alkaline construction methods greatly limit its application in biomedical fields. In this work, a guanosine-driven hyaluronic acid-based supramolecular hydrogel was developed under mild condition by employing phenylboronic acid-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-PBA) backbone and guanosine molecules. Guanosines self-assembled into G-quartet planes under potassium ion conditions, and formed boronic ester bonds with HA-PBA, which induced rapid formation of dynamically cross-linked hydrogels. Hemin was then binding to the G-quartet plane via π-π interactions in the hydrogels, which exhibited peroxidase activity and were highly effective in killing bacteria by generating hydroxyl radicals in the presence of H2O2. Furthermore, glucose oxidase (GOx) was incorporated into the hydrogels and the HP/G@hemin@GOx hydrogels showed good antibacterial properties, modulation of wound glucose and ROS level, and good therapeutic efficacy for diabetic chronic wounds. Overall, the self-assembly of guanosine has been shown for the first time to be a feasible method for constructing natural polymer-based supramolecular hydrogels. This guanosine-driven HA-based supramolecular hydrogel can act as a potential wound dressing for chronic diabetic wound treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic wound repair remains an unsolved clinical challenge. Herein, we propose to utilize phenylboronic acid-modified hyaluronic acid and guanosine to construct supramolecular gels with peroxidase activity for chronic wound treatment. The self-assembly behavior of guanosine drives the natural macromolecular backbone to form the hydrogel, and the proposed method simplifies the gelation conditions and improves its biosafety. The G-quartets formed by the self-assembly of guanosine can act as the loading site for hemin. G-quartet/hemin complex imported peroxidase activity to the hydrogels, endowing them with the ability to kill bacteria and regulate ROS levels of cells in the wound site. This guanosine-driven supramolecular hydrogel significantly increased the rate of wound healing in diabetic mice, promising a new strategy for chronic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Kaixuan Ren
- Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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Shen WH, Zhou LL, Li XP, Cong RP, Huang QY, Zheng LP, Wang JW. Bamboo polysaccharides elicit hypocrellin A biosynthesis of a bambusicolous fungus Shiraia sp. S9. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:341. [PMID: 37828354 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellin A (HA), a fungal perylenequinone from bambusicolous Shiraia species, is a newly developed photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in cancer and other infectious diseases. The lower yield of HA is an important bottleneck for its biomedical application. This study is the first report of the enhancement of HA production in mycelium culture of Shiraia sp. S9 by the polysaccharides from its host bamboo which serve as a strong elicitor. A purified bamboo polysaccharide (BPSE) with an average molecular weight of 34.2 kDa was found to be the most effective elicitor to enhance fungal HA production and characterized as a polysaccharide fraction mainly composed of arabinose and galactose (53.7: 36.9). When BPSE was added to the culture at 10 mg/L on day 3, the highest HA production of 422.8 mg/L was achieved on day 8, which was about 4.0-fold of the control. BPSE changed the gene expressions mainly responsible for central carbon metabolism and the cellular oxidative stress. The induced generation of H2O2 and nitric oxide was found to be involved in both the permeabilization of cell membrane and HA biosynthesis, leading to enhancements in both intra- and extracellular HA production. Our results indicated the roles of plant polysaccharides in host-fungal interactions and provided a new elicitation technique to improve fungal perylenequinone production in mycelium cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lu Lu Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin Ping Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Peng Cong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qun Yan Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Li Ping Zheng
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jian Wen Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Wen T, Ding Z, Thomashow LS, Hale L, Yang S, Xie P, Liu X, Wang H, Shen Q, Yuan J. Deciphering the mechanism of fungal pathogen-induced disease-suppressive soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2634-2650. [PMID: 36932631 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One model of a disease-suppressive soil predicts that the confrontation of plant with a phytopathogen can lead to the recruitment and accumulation of beneficial microorganisms. However, more information needs to be deciphered regarding which beneficial microbes become enriched, and how the disease suppression is achieved. Here, we conditioned soil by continuously growing eight generations of cucumber inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum in a split-root system. Disease incidence was found to decrease gradually upon pathogen infection accompanied with higher quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS mainly OH• ) in roots and accumulation of Bacillus and Sphingomonas. These key microbes were proven to protect the cucumber from pathogen infection by inducing high ROS level in the roots through enrichment of pathways, including a two-component system, a bacterial secretion system, and flagellar assembly revealed by metagenomics sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics analysis combined with in vitro application assays suggested that threonic acid and lysine were pivotal to recruit Bacillus and Sphingomonas. Collectively, our study deciphered a 'cry for help' case, wherein cucumber releases particular compounds to enrich beneficial microbes that raise the ROS level of host to prevent pathogen attack. More importantly, this may be one of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning disease-suppressive soil formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhexu Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Linda S Thomashow
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Shengdie Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Penghao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Heqi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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8
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Gao M, Wang Z, Jia Z, Zhang H, Wang T. Brassinosteroids alleviate nanoplastic toxicity in edible plants by activating antioxidant defense systems and suppressing nanoplastic uptake. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107901. [PMID: 37003216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As emerging pollutants of global concern, absorbed nanoplastics might have negative impacts on plant development and nutrient uptake, thereby decreasing yields. If nanoplastics are transferred to the edible parts of plants, they may pose a threat to human health when large quantities are ingested. While nanoplastic-induced phytotoxicity is attracting increasing attention, little is known about how to inhibit nanoplastic accumulation in plants and reduce the subsequent adverse effects. Here we investigated the absorption and accumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in different plant species and the role of brassinosteroids in alleviating PS-NP toxicity. Brassinosteroids inhibited accumulation of PS-NPs in tomato fruit and reversed PS-NP-induced phytotoxicity to promote plant growth and increase fresh weight and plant height. Brassinosteroids also reversed the induction of aquaporin-related genes by PS-NPs including TIP2-1, TIP2-2, PIP2-6, PIP2-8, PIP2-9, SIP2-1, and NIP1-2, providing a potential stress mechanism by which PS-NPs accumulate in the edible parts and targets for inhibition. In transcriptomic analyses, brassinosteroids enhanced fatty acid and amino acid metabolism and synthesis. In conclusion, exogenous application of 50 nM brassinosteroids alleviated the adverse effects of PS-NPs on plants, and exogenous application of brassinosteroids might be an effective means to minimize PS-NP-induced phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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9
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Pan J, Zhou J, Tang X, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Liu S. Bacterial Communication Coordinated Behaviors of Whole Communities to Cope with Environmental Changes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4253-4265. [PMID: 36862939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial communication plays an important role in coordinating microbial behaviors in a community. However, how bacterial communication organizes the entire community for anaerobes to cope with varied anaerobic-aerobic conditions remains unclear. We constructed a local bacterial communication gene (BCG) database comprising 19 BCG subtypes and 20279 protein sequences. BCGs in anammox-partial nitrification consortia coping with intermittent aerobic and anaerobic conditions as well as gene expressions of 19 species were inspected. We found that when suffering oxygen changes, intra- and interspecific communication by a diffusible signal factor (DSF) and bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) changed first, which in turn induced changes of autoinducer-2 (AI-2)-based interspecific and acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs)-based intraspecific communication. DSF and c-di-GMP-based communication regulated 455 genes, which covered 13.64% of the genomes and were mainly involved in antioxidation and metabolite residue degradation. For anammox bacteria, oxygen influenced DSF and c-di-GMP-based communication through RpfR to upregulate antioxidant proteins, oxidative damage-repairing proteins, peptidases, and carbohydrate-active enzymes, which benefited their adaptation to oxygen changes. Meanwhile, other bacteria also enhanced DSF and c-di-GMP-based communication by synthesizing DSF, which helped anammox bacteria survive at aerobic conditions. This study evidences the role of bacterial communication as an "organizer" within consortia to cope with environmental changes and sheds light on understanding bacterial behaviors from the perspective of sociomicrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juejun Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianhang Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongzhao Guo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Kumar S, Chandra R, Keswani C, Minkina T, Mandzhieva S, Voloshina M, Meena M. Trichoderma viride—Mediated Modulation of Oxidative Stress Network in Potato Challenged with Alternaria solani. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2023; 42:1919-1936. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s00344-022-10669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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11
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Singh P, Singh RK, Li HB, Guo DJ, Sharma A, Verma KK, Solanki MK, Upadhyay SK, Lakshmanan P, Yang LT, Li YR. Nitrogen fixation and phytohormone stimulation of sugarcane plant through plant growth promoting diazotrophic Pseudomonas. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 36814143 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2177814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Diazotrophic microorganisms are free-living groups of organisms that can convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) into bioavailable nitrogen for plants, which increases crop development and production. The purpose of the current study was to ascertain how diazotrophic plant growth promoting (PGP) Pseudomonas strains (P. koreensis CY4 and P. entomophila CN11) enhanced nitrogen fixation, defense activity, and PGP attributes of sugarcane varieties; GT11 and G×B9. A 15N isotope-dilution study was conducted to confirm the sugarcane strains' capacity to fix nitrogen, and the results indicated that between 21 to 35% of plant, nitrogen is fixed biologically by selected rhizobacteria. In comparison to the control, after 30, 60, and 90 days, both CY4 and CN11 strains significantly increased defense-related enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, glucanase, and chitinase) and phytohormones (abscisic acid, ABA, cytokinin, etc.) in GT11 and GXB. Additionally, the expression of SuCHI, SuGLU, SuCAT, SuSOD, and SuPAL genes was found to be elevated in Pseudomonas strains inoculated plants using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Both bacterial strains increased all physiological parameters and chlorophyll content in sugarcane plants more than their control. The effects of P. koreensis CY4 and P. entomophila CN11 strains on sugarcane growth promotion and nitrogen fixation under greenhouse conditions are described here for the first time systematically. The results of confirmation studies demonstrated that P. koreensis CY4 and P. entomophila are PGP bacterial strains with the potential to be employed as a biofertilizer for sugarcane growth, nitrogen nutrient absorption, and reduced application of chemical nitrogenous fertilizers in agricultural fields. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Bi Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, V.B.S. Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, India
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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12
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Vincent M, Boubakri H, Gasser M, Hay AE, Herrera-Belaroussi A. What contribution of plant immune responses in Alnus glutinosa-Frankia symbiotic interactions? Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Zhang R, Wang J, Xia R, Li D, Wang F. Antioxidant processes involving epicatechin decreased symptoms of pine wilt disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015970. [PMID: 36570913 PMCID: PMC9780601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) invasion of Northeast China, both symptomatic and asymptomatic PWN carriers have been found. Asymptomatic PWN carriers, which are more dangerous than symptomatic carriers, constitute a source of infection in the following spring. The simultaneous presence of symptomatic and asymptomatic PWN carriers indicates that Pinus koraiensis has different tolerance levels to PWN. In this study, validity of susceptibility testing discovered differential types of P. koraiensis including Latent Reservoirs, Low Susceptibles, High Susceptibles and Bell Ringers. Among those types, the Low Susceptibles and Latent Reservoirs were asymptomatic PWN carriers, and Latent Reservoirs were the most dangerous. Transcriptome and metabolomic data showed that 5 genes (3 ans and 2 anr gene) involved in the epicatechin (EC) synthesis pathway were significantly upregulated, which increased the content of EC antioxidants in Latent Reservoirs. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) staining and content determination showed that the hypersensitive response (HR) and H2O2, which functions as a signaling molecule in systemic acquired resistance, decreased in Latent Reservoirs. However, low contents of EC and high contents of H2O2 were found in the High Susceptibles of P. koraiensis. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of ans and anr was upregulated together only in Latent Reservoirs. These results show that the susceptibility of P. koraiensis to PWN differed among different individuals, although no resistant individuals were found. Latent Reservoirs, in which more PWNs resided without visible symptoms via prolonged incubation period, inhibited the symptoms caused by H2O2 because of increased contents of the EC antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Danlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alien Forest Pest Detection and Control-Heilongjiang Province, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Dangerous Forest Pest Management and Control, Liaoning forestry and grassland Bureau, Fushun, China
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14
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Son S, Park SR. Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032820. [PMID: 36523631 PMCID: PMC9745204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change caused by human activity is threatening global crop production and food security worldwide. In particular, the emergence of new infectious plant pathogens and the geographical expansion of plant disease incidence result in serious yield losses of major crops annually. Since climate change has accelerated recently and is expected to worsen in the future, we have reached an inflection point where comprehensive preparations to cope with the upcoming crisis can no longer be delayed. Development of new plant breeding technologies including site-directed nucleases offers the opportunity to mitigate the effects of the changing climate. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change on plant innate immunity and identification of elite genes conferring disease resistance are crucial for the engineering of new crop cultivars and plant improvement strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration on plant immunity systems. This review provides a strategy for securing crop-based nutrition against severe pathogen attacks in the era of climate change.
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Nie Y, Li G, Li J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Shi Q, Zhou X, Li H, Chen XL, Li Y. A novel elicitor MoVcpo is necessary for the virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae and triggers rice defense responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018616. [PMID: 36325552 PMCID: PMC9619064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice. Elicitors secreted by M. oryzae play important roles in the interaction with rice to facilitate fungal infection and disease development. In recent years, several elicitor proteins have been identified in M. oryzae, and their functions and importance are increasingly appreciated. In this study, we purified a novel elicitor-activity protein from M. oryzae, which was further identified as a vanadium chloroperoxidase (MoVcpo) by MAIDL TOF/TOF MS. The purified MoVcpo induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in host cells, up-regulated the expression of multiple defense-related genes, thus significantly enhancing rice resistance against M. oryzae. These results suggested that MoVcpo functions as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) to trigger rice immunity. Furthermore, MoVcpo was highly expressed in the early stage of M. oryzae infection. Deletion of MoVcpo affected spore formation, conidia germination, cell wall integrity, and sensitivity to osmotic stress, but not fungal growth. Interestingly, compared with the wild-type, inoculation with MoVcpo deletion mutant on rice led to markedly induced ROS accumulation, increased expression of defense-related genes, but also lower disease severity, suggesting that MoVcpo acts as both an elicitor activating plant immune responses and a virulence factor facilitating fungal infection. These findings reveal a novel role for vanadium chloroperoxidase in fungal pathogenesis and deepen our understanding of M. oryzae-rice interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Nie
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanjun Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieling Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchuan Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Dong Q, Yan Q, Zhang B, Zhang LQ, Wu X. Effect of the Monothiol Glutaredoxin GrxD on 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Biosynthesis and Biocontrol Activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:920793. [PMID: 35875535 PMCID: PMC9304865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.920793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 is a plant root-associated bacterium that suppresses several soilborne plant diseases due to its production of the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG). The biosynthesis of 2,4-DAPG is controlled by many regulatory elements, including the global regulator of the Gac/Rsm regulon and the pathway-specific repressor PhlF. In this work, a novel genetic element grxD, which encodes the monothiol glutaredoxin GrxD, was identified and characterized in the production of 2,4-DAPG in P. fluorescens 2P24. Our data showed that the mutation of grxD remarkably decreased 2,4-DAPG production. GrxD lost its ability to alter the production of 2,4-DAPG when the active-site CGFS motif of GrxD was mutated by site-directed mutagenesis. Further studies showed that the RsmA and RsmE proteins were essential for the GrxD-mediated regulation of 2,4-DAPG and exoprotease production. In addition, our data revealed that the deletion of grxD increased the expression of phlF, which negatively regulated the production of 2,4-DAPG. In addition, the grxD mutant was severely impaired in the biocontrol effect against the bacterial wilt of tomato. Overall, our results indicated that the monothiol glutaredoxin GrxD is involved in the production of 2,4-DAPG of P. fluorescens by influencing the Gac/Rsm global signaling pathway and transcriptional regulator PhlF and is essential for the biocontrol properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-qun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Wu,
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Yao B, Huang R, Zhang Z, Shi S. Seed-Borne Erwinia persicina Affects the Growth and Physiology of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891188. [PMID: 35694312 PMCID: PMC9178255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed-borne Erwinia persicina can be transmitted globally via alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed trade, but there is limited information about the impact of this plant-pathogenic bacterium on alfalfa plants. In this study, strain Cp2, isolated from alfalfa seeds, was confirmed by whole-genome sequencing to belong to E. persicina. Subsequently, the effects of Cp2 on alfalfa growth and physiology were evaluated by constructing a rhizosphere infection model. Strain Cp2 had a strong inhibitory effect on the elongation and growth of alfalfa roots, which was very unfavorable to these perennial plants. Furthermore, an increased number of leaf spots and yellowing symptoms were observed in plants of the Cp2 group from day 10 to day 21 and the strain Cp2 was re-isolated from these leaves. Correlation between growth and photosynthetic parameters was analyzed and the significant decreases in fresh weight and root and plant lengths in the Cp2 group were related to the marked reduction of chlorophyll b, carotenoid, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of leaves (r > 0.75). In addition, nine physiological indicators of root, stem, and leaf were measured in the plants 21 days after treatment with Cp2. The physiological response of root and leaf to Cp2 treatment was stronger than that of stem. The physiological indicators with the greatest response to Cp2 infection were further explored through principal component analysis, and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and soluble protein showed the greatest changes in roots, stems, and leaves (P < 0.001). Among tissues, the commonality was the change of soluble protein. Therefore, soluble protein is speculated to be a physiological marker during alfalfa–E. persicina interactions. These findings indicate that once E. persicina spreads from alfalfa seeds to the rhizosphere, it can invade alfalfa roots and cause disease. This study demonstrates that this plant pathogenic bacterium may be a potential threat to new environment when they spread via seed trade and these “dangerous hitchhikers” warrant further attention, especially in the study of bacterial diseases in pasture-based production systems.
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18
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Gaspar ML, Pawlowska TE. Innate immunity in fungi: Is regulated cell death involved? PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010460. [PMID: 35587923 PMCID: PMC9119436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Gaspar
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Teresa E. Pawlowska
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vora SM, Ankati S, Patole C, Podile AR, Archana G. Alterations of Primary Metabolites in Root Exudates of Intercropped Cajanus cajan-Zea mays Modulate the Adaptation and Proteome of Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) fredii NGR234. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:1008-1025. [PMID: 34351469 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Legume-cereal intercropping systems, in the context of diversity, ecological function, and better yield have been widely studied. Such systems enhance nutrient phytoavailability by balancing root-rhizosphere interactions. Root exudates (RE) play an important role in the rhizospheric interactions of plant-plant and/or plant-microbiome interaction. However, the influence of the primary metabolites of RE on plant-rhizobia interactions in a legume-cereal intercrop system is not known. To understand the plant communication with rhizobia, Cajanus cajan-Zea mays intercropped plants and the broad host range legume nodulating Ensifer fredii NGR234 as the model plants and rhizobium used respectively. A metabolomics-based approach revealed a clear separation between intercropped and monocropped RE of the two plants. Intercropped C. cajan showed an increase in the myo-inositol, and proline, while intercropped Z. mays showed enhanced galactose, D-glucopyranoside, and arginine in the RE. Physiological assays of NGR234 with the RE of intercropped C. cajan exhibited a significant enhancement in biofilm formation, while intercropped Z. mays RE accelerated the bacterial growth in the late log phase. Further, using label-free proteomics, we identified a total of 2570 proteins of NGR234 covering 50% annotated protein sequences upon exposure to Z. mays RE. Furthermore, intercropped Z. mays RE upregulated bacterioferritin comigratory protein (BCP), putative nitroreductase, IlvD, LeuC, D (branched-chain amino acid proteins), and chaperonin proteins GroEL2. Identification offered new insights into the metabolome of the legume-cereal intercrop and proteome of NGR234-Z. mays interactions that underline the new molecular candidates likely to be involved in the fitness of rhizobium in the intercropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi M Vora
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sravani Ankati
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chhaya Patole
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, NCBS-TIFR Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Appa Rao Podile
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - G Archana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
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20
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Alarcón S, Tereucán G, Cornejo P, Contreras B, Ruiz A. Metabolic and antioxidant effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in crops of flesh-coloured Solanum tuberosum treated with fungicides. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2270-2280. [PMID: 34625964 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum tuberosum tubers have higher content of phenolic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAD) and anthocyanins in coloured genotypes. The use of fungicides for crops is common, but there are few studies regarding the interaction of fungicides and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Here, the AMF-plant interactions and the metabolic responses of three potato genotypes with different tuber colorations (VR808, CB2011-509 and CB2011-104) inoculated with Claroideoglomus claroideum (CC), Claroideoglomus lamellosum (HMC26) or Funneliformis mosseae (HMC7) were studied together with the use of the fungicides MONCUT (M) and ReflectXtra (R). Mycorrhizal traits, phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated. RESULTS Despite only two HCADs being identified, with 5-caffeolquinic acid the most abundant, four anthocyanins were detected only in purple potato genotypes. The anthocyanin and HCAD profiles, as well as AA, showed that the CB2011-104 genotype had better characteristics than the other genotypes, while VR808 and CB509 showed similar responses. The responses were dependent on the specific combinations of genotype, fungicide and the AMF strain, and generally showed better responses when colonized by AMFs. CONCLUSION The three potato genotypes had differential responses depending on the inoculated AMFs and the fungicide applied before sowing, where the optimal combinations for antioxidant response, mycorrhization degree and performance were HMC26/R for VR808, HMC7/M for CB2011-509 and HMC26/M for CB2011-104. Our results suggest the existence of functional compatibility that can be registered as beneficial effects even at the genotypic level of the host regarding a specific AMF strain. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alarcón
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tereucán
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Boris Contreras
- Novaseed Ltda. and Papas Arcoiris Ltda., Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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21
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Comparison of Auxin and Cytokinins Concentrations, and the Structure of Bacterial Community between Host Twigs and Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus Galls. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110982. [PMID: 34821783 PMCID: PMC8618787 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insect galls are characterized by high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. We calculated the correlation between the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and isopentenyladenine (iP) and the bacterial community structure of Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus galls. Our results indicated the concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP were positively correlated with the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls. We suggest the high concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP may affect the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls. Abstract Insect galls are the abnormal growth of plant tissues induced by a wide variety of galling insects and characterized by high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. It remains unclear whether the auxins and cytokinins affect the bacterial community structure of insect galls. We determined the concentrations of indoleacetic acid (IAA) as an example of auxin, trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) and isopentenyladenine (iP) as cytokinins in Lithosaphonecrus arcoverticus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) galls and the galled twigs of Lithocarpus glaber (Fagaceae) using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, for the first time, we compared the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls and galled twigs by high-throughput sequencing, and calculated the Spearman correlation and associated degree of significance between the IAA, tZR and iP concentrations and the bacterial community structure. Our results indicated the concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP were higher in L. arcoverticus galls than in galled twigs, and positively correlated with the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls. We suggest the high concentrations of IAA, tZR and iP may affect the bacterial community structure of L. arcoverticus galls.
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Radulović O, Stanković S, Stanojević O, Vujčić Z, Dojnov B, Trifunović-Momčilov M, Marković M. Antioxidative Responses of Duckweed ( Lemna minor L.) to Phenol and Rhizosphere-Associated Bacterial Strain Hafnia paralvei C32-106/3. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111719. [PMID: 34829590 PMCID: PMC8615135 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duckweed (L. minor) is a cosmopolitan aquatic plant of simplified morphology and rapid vegetative reproduction. In this study, an H. paralvei bacterial strain and its influence on the antioxidative response of the duckweeds to phenol, a recalcitrant environmental pollutant, were investigated. Sterile duckweed cultures were inoculated with H. paralvei in vitro and cultivated in the presence or absence of phenol (500 mg L−1), in order to investigate bacterial effects on plant oxidative stress during 5 days. Total soluble proteins, guaiacol peroxidase expression, concentration of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde as well as the total ascorbic acid of the plants were monitored. Moreover, bacterial production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was measured in order to investigate H. paralvei’s influence on plant growth. In general, the addition of phenol elevated all biochemical parameters in L. minor except AsA and total soluble proteins. Phenol as well as bacteria influenced the expression of guaiacol peroxidase. Different isoforms were associated with phenol compared to isoforms expressed in phenol-free medium. Considering that duckweeds showed increased antioxidative parameters in the presence of phenol, it can be assumed that the measured parameters might be involved in the plant’s defense system. H. paralvei is an IAA producer and its presence in the rhizosphere of duckweeds decreased the oxidative stress of the plants, which can be taken as evidence that this bacterial strain acts protectively on the plants during phenol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Radulović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.T.-M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Slaviša Stanković
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski Trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Olja Stanojević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski Trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Zoran Vujčić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 12-16 Studentski Trg, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Dojnov
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 12 Njegoševa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milana Trifunović-Momčilov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.T.-M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marija Marković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Bulevar Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.T.-M.); (M.M.)
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Coprinopsis cinerea uses laccase Lcc9 as a defense strategy to eliminate oxidative stress during fungal-fungal interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0176021. [PMID: 34669425 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01760-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequently, laccases are triggered during fungal cocultivation for overexpression. The function of these activated laccases during coculture has not been clarified. Previously, we reported that Gongronella sp. w5 (w5) (Mucoromycota, Mucoromycetes) specifically triggered the laccase Lcc9 overexpression in Coprinopsis cinerea (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes). To systematically analyze the function of the overexpressed laccase during fungal interaction, C. cinerea mycelia before and after the initial Lcc9 overexpression were chosen for transcriptome analysis. Results showed that accompanied by specific utilization of fructose as carbohydrate substrate, oxidative stress derived from antagonistic compounds secreted by w5 appears to be a signal critical for laccase production in C. cinerea. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease in the C. cinerea wild-type strain followed the increase in laccase production and then, lcc9 transcription and laccase activity stopped. By comparison, increased H2O2 content and mycelial ROS levels were observed during the entire cocultivation in lcc9 silenced C. cinerea strains. Moreover, lcc9 silencing slowed down the C. cinerea mycelial growth, affected hyphal morphology, and decreased the asexual sporulation in coculture. Our results showed that intracellular ROS acted as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses by C. cinerea with the expression of oxidative stress response regulator Skn7 and various detoxification proteins. Lcc9 takes part as a defense strategy to eliminate oxidative stress during the interspecific interaction with w5. Importance: The overproduction of laccase during interspecific fungal interactions is notoriously known. However, the exact role of the up-regulated laccases remains underexplored. Based on comparative transcriptomic analysis of C. cinerea and gene silencing of laccase Lcc9, here we show that oxidative stress derived from antagonistic compounds secreted by Gongronella sp. w5 was a signal critical for laccase Lcc9 production in Coprinopsis cinerea. Intracellular ROS acted as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses by C. cinerea with the expression of oxidative stress response regulator Skn7 and various detoxification proteins. Ultimately, Lcc9 takes part as a defense strategy to eliminate oxidative stress and help cell growth and development during the interspecific interaction with Gongronella sp. w5. These findings deepened our understanding of fungal interactions in their natural population and communities.
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Lu J, Liu T, Zhang X, Li J, Wang X, Liang X, Xu G, Jing M, Li Z, Hein I, Dou D, Zhang Y, Wang X. Comparison of the Distinct, Host-Specific Response of Three Solanaceae Hosts Induced by Phytophthora infestans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011000. [PMID: 34681661 PMCID: PMC8537708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Solanaceae hosts (TSHs), S. tuberosum, N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, represent the three major phylogenetic clades of Solanaceae plants infected by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight, one of the most devastating diseases seriously affecting crop production. However, details regarding how different Solanaceae hosts respond to P. infestans are lacking. Here, we conducted RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomic data from the TSHs at 12 and 24 h post P. infestans inoculation to capture early expression effects. Macroscopic and microscopic observations showed faster infection processes in S. tuberosum than in N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum under the same conditions. Analysis of the number of genes and their level of expression indicated that distinct response models were adopted by the TSHs in response to P. infestans. The host-specific infection process led to overlapping but distinct in GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched for differentially expressed genes; many were tightly linked to the immune response in the TSHs. S. tuberosum showed the fastest response and strongest accumulation of reactive oxygen species compared with N. benthamiana and S. lycopersicum, which also had similarities and differences in hormone regulation. Collectively, our study provides an important reference for a better understanding of late blight response mechanisms of different Solanaceae host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tingli Liu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Xun Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiangxiu Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
| | - Maofeng Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Zhugang Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China; (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ingo Hein
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK;
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Yanju Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (X.L.); (G.X.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.W.)
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Mamenko TP. Regulation of Legume-Rhizobial Symbiosis: Molecular Genetic Aspects and Participation of Reactive Oxygen Species. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Yuan H, Jin C, Pei H, Zhao L, Li X, Li J, Huang W, Fan R, Liu W, Shen QH. The Powdery Mildew Effector CSEP0027 Interacts With Barley Catalase to Regulate Host Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733237. [PMID: 34567043 PMCID: PMC8458882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most important fungal pathogen diseases. The genome of barley mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), encodes a large number of candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs). So far, the function and mechanism of most CSEPs remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a Bgh effector CSEP0027, a member of family 41, triggering cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. CSEP0027 contains a functional signal peptide (SP), verified by yeast secretion assay. We show that CSEP0027 promotes Bgh virulence in barley infection using transient gene expression and host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Barley catalase HvCAT1 is identified as a CSEP0027 interactor by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening, and the interaction is verified in yeast, in vitro and in vivo. The coexpression of CSEP0027 and HvCAT1 in barley cells results in altered localization of HvCAT1 from the peroxisome to the nucleus. Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-silencing and transiently-induced gene silencing (TIGS) assays reveal that HvCAT1 is required for barley immunity against Bgh. We propose that CSEP0027 interacts with barley HvCAT1 to regulate the host immunity and likely reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis to promote fungal virulence during barley infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hongcui Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Renchun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Hua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Desmedt W, Jonckheere W, Nguyen VH, Ameye M, De Zutter N, De Kock K, Debode J, Van Leeuwen T, Audenaert K, Vanholme B, Kyndt T. The phenylpropanoid pathway inhibitor piperonylic acid induces broad-spectrum pest and disease resistance in plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3122-3139. [PMID: 34053100 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although many phenylpropanoid pathway-derived molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to pests and pathogens, comparatively little is known about their role in regulating plant immunity. To explore this research field, we transiently perturbed the phenylpropanoid pathway through application of the CINNAMIC ACID-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) inhibitor piperonylic acid (PA). Using bioassays involving diverse pests and pathogens, we show that transient C4H inhibition triggers systemic, broad-spectrum resistance in higher plants without affecting growth. PA treatment enhances tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) resistance in field and laboratory conditions, thereby illustrating the potential of phenylpropanoid pathway perturbation in crop protection. At the molecular level, transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal that transient C4H inhibition in tomato reprograms phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism, systemically induces immune signalling and pathogenesis-related genes, and locally affects reactive oxygen species metabolism. Furthermore, C4H inhibition primes cell wall modification and phenolic compound accumulation in response to root-knot nematode infection. Although PA treatment induces local accumulation of the phytohormone salicylic acid, the PA resistance phenotype is preserved in tomato plants expressing the salicylic acid-degrading NahG construct. Together, our results demonstrate that transient phenylpropanoid pathway perturbation is a conserved inducer of plant resistance and thus highlight the crucial regulatory role of this pathway in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Epigenetics and Defence Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Jonckheere
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Viet Ha Nguyen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noémie De Zutter
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Kock
- Epigenetics and Defence Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Laboratory of Applied Mycology and Phenomics, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Epigenetics and Defence Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Liu D, Li YY, Zhou ZC, Xiang X, Liu X, Wang J, Hu ZR, Xiang SP, Li W, Xiao QZ, Wang Y, Hu RS, Zhao Q. Tobacco transcription factor bHLH123 improves salt tolerance by activating NADPH oxidase NtRbohE expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1706-1720. [PMID: 33871656 PMCID: PMC8260122 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced following the expression of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene are important regulators of stress responses. However, little is known about how plants acclimate to salt stress through the Rboh-derived ROS signaling pathway. Here, we showed that a 400-bp fragment of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) NtRbohE promoter played a critical role in the salt response. Using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screens, NtbHLH123, a bHLH transcription factor, was identified as an upstream partner of the NtRbohE promoter. These interactions were confirmed by Y1H, electrophoretic mobility assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Overexpression of NtbHLH123 resulted in greater resistance to salt stress, while NtbHLH123-silenced plants had reduced resistance to salt stress. We also found that NtbHLH123 positively regulates the expression of NtRbohE and ROS production soon after salt stress treatment. Moreover, knockout of NtRbohE in the 35S::NtbHLH123 background resulted in reduced expression of ROS-scavenging and salt stress-related genes and salt tolerance, suggesting that NtbHLH123-regulated salt tolerance is dependent on the NtbHLH123-NtRbohE signaling pathway. Our data show that NtbHLH123 is a positive regulator and acts as a molecular switch to control a Rboh-dependent mechanism in response to salt stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiang
- Hainan Cigar Institution, Haikou 571100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Hu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shi-Peng Xiang
- Tobacco Production Technology Center, Changsha Tobacco Company, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tobacco Leaf Management Department, Hunan Tobacco Company, Changsha 410007, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qin-Zhi Xiao
- Tobacco Production Technology Center, Yongzhou Tobacco Company, Yongzhou 425000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Hu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266101, Shandong Province, China
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González-López MDC, Jijón-Moreno S, Dautt-Castro M, Ovando-Vázquez C, Ziv T, Horwitz BA, Casas-Flores S. Secretome Analysis of Arabidopsis- Trichoderma atroviride Interaction Unveils New Roles for the Plant Glutamate:Glyoxylate Aminotransferase GGAT1 in Plant Growth Induced by the Fungus and Resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6804. [PMID: 34202732 PMCID: PMC8268252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of plant-fungus mutualistic interaction requires bidirectional molecular crosstalk. Therefore, the analysis of the interacting organisms secretomes would help to understand how such relationships are established. Here, a gel-free shotgun proteomics approach was used to identify the secreted proteins of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the mutualistic fungus Trichoderma atroviride during their interaction. A total of 126 proteins of Arabidopsis and 1027 of T. atroviride were identified. Among them, 118 and 780 were differentially modulated, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis unveiled that both organisms' secretomes were enriched with enzymes. In T. atroviride, glycosidases, aspartic endopeptidases, and dehydrogenases increased in response to Arabidopsis. Additionally, amidases, protein-serine/threonine kinases, and hydro-lyases showed decreased levels. Furthermore, peroxidases, cysteine endopeptidases, and enzymes related to the catabolism of secondary metabolites increased in the plant secretome. In contrast, pathogenesis-related proteins and protease inhibitors decreased in response to the fungus. Notably, the glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase GGAT1 was secreted by Arabidopsis during its interaction with T. atroviride. Our study showed that GGAT1 is partially required for plant growth stimulation and on the induction of the plant systemic resistance by T. atroviride. Additionally, GGAT1 seems to participate in the negative regulation of the plant systemic resistance against B. cinerea through a mechanism involving H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen González-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª. Section, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, Mexico; (M.d.C.G.-L.); (S.J.-M.); (M.D.-C.); (C.O.-V.)
| | - Saúl Jijón-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª. Section, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, Mexico; (M.d.C.G.-L.); (S.J.-M.); (M.D.-C.); (C.O.-V.)
| | - Mitzuko Dautt-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª. Section, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, Mexico; (M.d.C.G.-L.); (S.J.-M.); (M.D.-C.); (C.O.-V.)
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª. Section, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, Mexico; (M.d.C.G.-L.); (S.J.-M.); (M.D.-C.); (C.O.-V.)
- Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª. Section, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, Mexico
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Smoler Protein Center, Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Benjamin A. Horwitz
- Faculty of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Sergio Casas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, División de Biología Molecular, IPICYT, Camino a la Presa San José No. 2055. Col. Lomas 4ª. Section, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, Mexico; (M.d.C.G.-L.); (S.J.-M.); (M.D.-C.); (C.O.-V.)
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Martínez-Arias C, Sobrino-Plata J, Medel D, Gil L, Martín JA, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J. Stem endophytes increase root development, photosynthesis, and survival of elm plantlets (Ulmus minor Mill.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153420. [PMID: 33906025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived trees benefit from fungal symbiotic interactions in the adaptation to constantly changing environments. Previous studies revealed a core fungal endobiome in Ulmus minor which has been suggested to play a critical role in plant functioning. Here, we hypothesized that these core endophytes are involved in abiotic stress tolerance. To test this hypothesis, two core endophytes (Cystobasidiales and Chaetothyriales) were inoculated into in vitro U. minor plantlets, which were further subjected to drought. Given that elm genotypes resistant to Dutch elm disease (DED) tend to show higher abiotic stress tolerance than susceptible ones, we tested the endophyte effect on two DED-resistant and two DED-susceptible genotypes. Drought stress was moderate; endophyte presence attenuated stomata closure in response to drought in one genotype but this stress did not affect plant survival. In comparison, long-term in-vitro culture proved stressful to mock-inoculated plants, especially in DED-susceptible genotypes. Interestingly, no endophyte-inoculated plant died during the experiment, as compared to high mortality in mock-inoculated plants. In surviving plants, endophyte presence stimulated root and shoot growth, photosynthetic rates, antioxidant activity and molecular changes involving auxin-signaling. These changes and the observed endophyte stability in elm tissues throughout the experiment suggest endophytes are potential tools to improve survival and stress tolerance of DED-resistant elms in elm restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Juan Sobrino-Plata
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - David Medel
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Mandon K, Nazaret F, Farajzadeh D, Alloing G, Frendo P. Redox Regulation in Diazotrophic Bacteria in Interaction with Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060880. [PMID: 34070926 PMCID: PMC8226930 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants interact with a large number of microorganisms that greatly influence their growth and health. Among the beneficial microorganisms, rhizosphere bacteria known as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria increase plant fitness by producing compounds such as phytohormones or by carrying out symbioses that enhance nutrient acquisition. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, either as endophytes or as endosymbionts, specifically improve the growth and development of plants by supplying them with nitrogen, a key macro-element. Survival and proliferation of these bacteria require their adaptation to the rhizosphere and host plant, which are particular ecological environments. This adaptation highly depends on bacteria response to the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), associated to abiotic stresses or produced by host plants, which determine the outcome of the plant-bacteria interaction. This paper reviews the different antioxidant defense mechanisms identified in diazotrophic bacteria, focusing on their involvement in coping with the changing conditions encountered during interaction with plant partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Mandon
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (K.M.); (F.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Fanny Nazaret
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (K.M.); (F.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Davoud Farajzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 5375171379, Iran;
- Center for International Scientific Studies and Collaboration (CISSC), Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran 158757788, Iran
| | - Geneviève Alloing
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (K.M.); (F.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Pierre Frendo
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, ISA, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France; (K.M.); (F.N.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Imran A, Hakim S, Tariq M, Nawaz MS, Laraib I, Gulzar U, Hanif MK, Siddique MJ, Hayat M, Fraz A, Ahmad M. Diazotrophs for Lowering Nitrogen Pollution Crises: Looking Deep Into the Roots. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637815. [PMID: 34108945 PMCID: PMC8180554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During and after the green revolution in the last century, agrochemicals especially nitrogen (N) were extensively used. However, it resulted in a remarkable increase in crop yield but drastically reduced soil fertility; increased the production cost, food prices, and carbon footprints; and depleted the fossil reserves with huge penalties to the environment and ecological sustainability. The groundwater, rivers, and oceans are loaded with N excess which is an environmental catastrophe. Nitrogen emissions (e.g., ammonia, nitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide) play an important role in global climate change and contribute to particulate matter and acid rain causing respiratory problems, cancers, and damage to forests and buildings. Therefore, the nitrogen-polluted planet Earth needs concerted global efforts to avoid the disaster. Improved agricultural N management focuses on the synchronization of crop N demand and N supply along with improving the N-use efficiency of the crops. However, there is very little focus on the natural sources of N available for plants in the form of diazotrophic bacteria present inside or on the root surface and the rhizosphere. These diazotrophs are the mini-nitrogen factories that convert available (78%) atmospheric N2 to ammonia through a process known as "biological nitrogen fixation" which is then taken up by the plants for its metabolic functioning. Diazotrophs also stimulate root architecture by producing plant hormones and hence improve the plant's overall ability to uptake nutrients and water. In recent years, nanotechnology has revolutionized the whole agri-industry by introducing nano-fertilizers and coated/slow-releasing fertilizers. With this in mind, we tried to explore the following questions: To what extent can the crop N requirements be met by diazotroph inoculation? Can N input to agriculture be managed in a way leading to environmental benefits and farmers saving money? Can nanotechnology help in technological advancement of diazotroph application? The review suggests that an integrated technology based on slow-releasing nano-fertilizer combined with diazotrophs should be adopted to decrease nitrogen inputs to the agricultural system. This integrated technology would minimize N pollution and N losses to much extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Imran
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sughra Hakim
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoib Nawaz
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Laraib
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Umaira Gulzar
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Bagh, Kotli, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Hanif
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Siddique
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Hayat
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Fraz
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Division of Soil and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-Campus-Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C-PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Changes in Light Energy Utilization in Photosystem II and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Potato Leaves by the Pinworm Tuta absoluta. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102984. [PMID: 34069787 PMCID: PMC8157303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated photosystem II (PSII) functionality in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) before and after a 15 min feeding by the leaf miner Tuta absoluta using chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging analysis combined with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Fifteen minutes after feeding, we observed at the feeding zone and at the whole leaf a decrease in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (ΦPSII). While at the feeding zone the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII (ΦNPQ) did not change, at the whole leaf level there was a significant increase. As a result, at the feeding zone a significant increase in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) occurred, but there was no change at the whole leaf level compared to that before feeding, indicating no change in singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. The decreased ΦPSII after feeding was due to a decreased fraction of open reaction centers (qp), since the efficiency of open PSII reaction centers to utilize the light energy (Fv′/Fm′) did not differ before and after feeding. The decreased fraction of open reaction centers resulted in increased excess excitation energy (EXC) at the feeding zone and at the whole leaf level, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was detected only at the feeding zone. Although the whole leaf PSII efficiency decreased compared to that before feeding, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and the efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII (Fv/Fo), did not differ to that before feeding, thus they cannot be considered as sensitive parameters to monitor biotic stress effects. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis proved to be a good indicator to monitor even short-term impacts of insect herbivory on photosynthetic function, and among the studied parameters, the reduction status of the plastoquinone pool (qp) was the most sensitive and suitable indicator to probe photosynthetic function under biotic stress.
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Hettiarachchige IK, Vander Jagt CJ, Mann RC, Sawbridge TI, Spangenberg GC, Guthridge KM. Global Changes in Asexual Epichloë Transcriptomes during the Early Stages, from Seed to Seedling, of Symbiotum Establishment. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050991. [PMID: 34064362 PMCID: PMC8147782 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asexual Epichloë fungi are strictly seed-transmitted endophytic symbionts of cool-season grasses and spend their entire life cycle within the host plant. Endophyte infection can confer protective benefits to its host through the production of bioprotective compounds. Inversely, plants provide nourishment and shelter to the resident endophyte in return. Current understanding of the changes in global gene expression of asexual Epichloë endophytes during the early stages of host-endophyte symbiotum is limited. A time-course study using a deep RNA-sequencing approach was performed at six stages of germination, using seeds infected with one of three endophyte strains belonging to different representative taxa. Analysis of the most abundantly expressed endophyte genes identified that most were predicted to have a role in stress and defence responses. The number of differentially expressed genes observed at early time points was greater than those detected at later time points, suggesting an active transcriptional reprogramming of endophytes at the onset of seed germination. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed dynamic changes in global gene expression consistent with the developmental processes of symbiotic relationships. Expression of pathway genes for biosynthesis of key secondary metabolites was studied comprehensively and fuzzy clustering identified some unique expression patterns. Furthermore, comparisons of the transcriptomes from three endophyte strains in planta identified genes unique to each strain, including genes predicted to be associated with secondary metabolism. Findings from this study highlight the importance of better understanding the unique properties of individual endophyte strains and will serve as an excellent resource for future studies of host-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoka K. Hettiarachchige
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.K.H.); (C.J.V.J.); (R.C.M.); (T.I.S.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Christy J. Vander Jagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.K.H.); (C.J.V.J.); (R.C.M.); (T.I.S.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Ross C. Mann
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.K.H.); (C.J.V.J.); (R.C.M.); (T.I.S.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Timothy I. Sawbridge
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.K.H.); (C.J.V.J.); (R.C.M.); (T.I.S.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - German C. Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.K.H.); (C.J.V.J.); (R.C.M.); (T.I.S.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kathryn M. Guthridge
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (I.K.H.); (C.J.V.J.); (R.C.M.); (T.I.S.); (G.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu H, Li Y, Hu Y, Yang Y, Zhang W, He M, Li X, Zhang C, Kong F, Liu X, Hou X. EDS1-interacting J protein 1 is an essential negative regulator of plant innate immunity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:153-171. [PMID: 33751092 PMCID: PMC8136891 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved precise mechanisms to optimize immune responses against pathogens. ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) plays a vital role in plant innate immunity by regulating basal resistance and effector-triggered immunity. Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of EDS1 is required for resistance reinforcement, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that EDS1-INTERACTING J PROTEIN1 (EIJ1), which acts as a DnaJ protein-like chaperone in response to pathogen infection, functions as an essential negative regulator of plant immunity by interacting with EDS1. The loss-of-function mutation of EIJ1 did not affect plant growth but significantly enhanced pathogen resistance. Upon pathogen infection, EIJ1 relocalized from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm, where it interacted with EDS1, thereby restricting pathogen-triggered trafficking of EDS1 to the nucleus and compromising resistance at an early infection stage. During disease development, EIJ1 was gradually degraded, allowing the nuclear accumulation of EDS1 for transcriptional resistance reinforcement. The avirulent strain Pst DC3000 (AvrRps4) abolished the repressive action of EIJ1 by rapidly inducing its degradation in the effector-triggered immunity response. Thus, our findings show that EIJ1 is an essential EDS1-dependent negative regulator of innate plant immunity and provide a mechanistic understanding of how the nuclear versus cytoplasmic distribution of EDS1 is regulated during the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Author for communication:
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He X, Dai L, Wen H, Xu C, Xu W, Ye L, Sun X, Song W, Shen J. Reaction-based chemosensor as dual-channel indicator for visualizing and bioimaging of exogenous hypochlorite concentrations in living cells, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and zebrafish. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1157:338391. [PMID: 33832595 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tracking and quantifying hypochlorite (ClO-) in biological systems and environments remain challenging tasks, and many efforts have been made to improve ClO- recognition performance by modifying the sensor structure. In this study, a pre-designed coumarin/furanohydrazide-based sensor (CMFH) with the coumarin moiety as the building block (fluorogen) was rationally prepared as a ratiometric and colorimetric chemosensor for ClO- recognition. As expected, CMFH demonstrated excellent sensitivity and selectivity for ClO- detection. The fluorescence signal ratio (F466/F556) showed strong ClO- dependency, and the sensor exhibited ultrafast detection (within 60 s) and a low detection limit of 563 nM. Due to its low cytotoxicity and good tissue permeability, CMFH was demonstrated as a dual-channel sensor for ClO- bioimaging and visualization in cells, zebrafish, and even bacteria. Furthermore, CMFH-loaded paper strips were successfully applied to the colorimetric and fluorescent visualization of ClO-. The results demonstrate that CMFH has potential application value for tracking ClO- in various biosystems and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun He
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lixiong Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Han Wen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lisong Ye
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Sun
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wei Song
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan, 410005, China.
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
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Singh P, Singh RK, Li HB, Guo DJ, Sharma A, Lakshmanan P, Malviya MK, Song XP, Solanki MK, Verma KK, Yang LT, Li YR. Diazotrophic Bacteria Pantoea dispersa and Enterobacter asburiae Promote Sugarcane Growth by Inducing Nitrogen Uptake and Defense-Related Gene Expression. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:600417. [PMID: 33510724 PMCID: PMC7835727 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.600417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is a major crop in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In China, the application of large amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to boost sugarcane yield is commonplace, but it causes substantial environmental damages, particularly soil, and water pollution. Certain rhizosphere microbes are known to be beneficial for sugarcane production, but much of the sugarcane rhizosphere microflora remains unknown. We have isolated several sugarcane rhizosphere bacteria, and 27 of them were examined for N-fixation, plant growth promotion, and antifungal activity. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify these strains. Among the isolates, several strains were found to have a relatively high activity of nitrogenase and ACC deaminase, the enzyme that reduces ethylene production in plants. These strains were found to possess nifH and acdS genes associated with N-fixation and ethylene production, respectively. Two of these strains, Pantoea dispersa-AA7 and Enterobacter asburiae-BY4 showed maximum plant growth promotion (PGP) and nitrogenase activity, and thus they were selected for detailed analysis. The results show that they colonize different sugarcane tissues, use various growth substrates (carbon and nitrogen), and tolerate various stress conditions (pH and osmotic stress). The positive effect of AA7 and BY4 strains on nifH and stress-related gene (SuCAT, SuSOD, SuPAL, SuCHI, and SuGLU) expression and the induction of defense-related processes in two sugarcane varieties, GT11 and GXB9, showed their potential for stress amelioration and PGP. Both bacterial strains increased several sugarcane physiological parameters. i.e., plant height, shoot weight, root weight, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis, in plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The ability of rhizobacteria on N-fixing in sugarcane was also confirmed by a 15N isotope-dilution study, and the estimate indicates a contribution of 21-35% of plant nitrogen by rhizobacterial biological N fixation (BNF). This is the first report of sugarcane growth promotion by N-fixing rhizobacteria P. dispersa and E. asburiae strains. Both strains could be used as biofertilizer for sugarcane to minimize nitrogen fertilizer use and better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hai-Bi Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,Interdisciplinary Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mukesh K Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Manoj K Solanki
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, The Volcani Center, Institute for Post-Harvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bio Resources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Kolomiiets YV, Grigoryuk IP, Likhanov AF, Butsenko LM, Pasichnyk LA, Blume YB. Induction of Wheat Resistance against the Causative Agent of Basal Bacteriosis with Growth-Promoting Bacteria. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452720060067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Cao Y, Jiang G, Li M, Fang X, Zhu D, Qiu W, Zhu J, Yu D, Xu Y, Zhong Z, Zhu J. Glutaredoxins Play an Important Role in the Redox Homeostasis and Symbiotic Capacity of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1381-1393. [PMID: 32970520 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0098-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin (GRX) plays an essential role in the control of the cellular redox state and related pathways in many organisms. There is limited information on GRXs from the model nitrogen (N2)-fixing bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans. In the present work, we identified and performed functional analyses of monothiol and dithiol GRXs in A. caulinodans in the free-living state and during symbiosis with Sesbania rostrata. Our data show that monothiol GRXs may be very important for bacterial growth under normal conditions and in response to oxidative stress due to imbalance of the redox state in grx mutants of A. caulinodans. Functional redundancies were also observed within monothiol and dithiol GRXs in terms of different physiological functions. The changes in catalase activity and iron content in grx mutants were assumed to favor the maintenance of bacterial resistance against oxidants, nodulation, and N2 fixation efficiency in this bacterium. Furthermore, the monothiol GRX12 and dithiol GRX34 play a collective role in symbiotic associations between A. caulinodans and Sesbania rostrata. Our study provided systematic evidence that further investigations are required to understand the importance of glutaredoxins in A. caulinodans and other rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Cao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Gaofei Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Postdoctoral Station of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xingxing Fang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Daogeng Yu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, 571737 Danzhou, Hainan, PR China
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Postdoctoral Station of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zengtao Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China
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Lu C, Yang Z, Liu J, Liao Q, Ling W, Waigi MG, Odinga ES. Chlorpyrifos inhibits nitrogen fixation in rice-vegetated soil containing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127098. [PMID: 32470732 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos, a common organophosphorus pesticide, is widely used for agricultural pest control and can inhibit nitrogen-fixing bacteria biomass in paddy. In this study, the additions of chlorpyrifos (1 and 8 mg kg-1) to soil, with or without Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501, resulted in a significant decrease in nitrogen fixation, despite insignificant effects on the abundances of P. stutzeri A1501 and bacteria in soil. Toxic effect of chlorpyrifos on P. stutzeri A1501 nitrogenase activity in medium was also observed, accompanied by a significant reduction in the expression of nitrogen-fixing related genes (nifA and nifH). Furthermore, rhizosphere colonization and biofilm formation by P. stutzeri A1501 were repressed by chlorpyrifos, leading to decreased nitrogenase activity in the rhizosphere. Biofilm formation in medium was inhibited by bacterial hyperkinesis and reduction of extracellular polymeric substance, including exopolysaccharides and proteins. Together, these findings showed that chlorpyrifos-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which was directly responsible for reduced nitrogenase activity in the medium, soil, and rhizosphere by inhibiting the expressions of nitrogen-fixing related genes. Furthermore, the inhibition of biofilm formation by chlorpyrifos or ROS likely aggravated the reduction in rhizospherere nitrogenase activity. These findings provide potentially valuable insights into the toxicity of chlorpyrifos on nitrogen-fixing bacteria and its mechanisms. Furthermore, for sustainable rice production, it is necessary to evaluate whether other pesticides affect nitrogen fixation and select pesticides that do not inhibit nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qihang Liao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wanting Ling
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Emmanuel Stephen Odinga
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Abstract
Animals and plants interact with microbes by engaging specific surveillance systems, regulatory networks, and response modules that allow for accommodation of mutualists and defense against antagonists. Antimicrobial defense responses are mediated in both animals and plants by innate immunity systems that owe their functional similarities to convergent evolution. Like animals and plants, fungi interact with bacteria. However, the principles governing these relations are only now being discovered. In a study system of host and nonhost fungi interacting with a bacterium isolated from the host, we found that bacteria used a common gene repertoire to engage both partners. In contrast, fungal responses to bacteria differed dramatically between the host and nonhost. These findings suggest that as in animals and plants, the genetic makeup of the fungus determines whether bacterial partners are perceived as mutualists or antagonists and what specific regulatory networks and response modules are initiated during each encounter. Fungal-bacterial symbioses range from antagonisms to mutualisms and remain one of the least understood interdomain interactions despite their ubiquity as well as ecological and medical importance. To build a predictive conceptual framework for understanding interactions between fungi and bacteria in different types of symbioses, we surveyed fungal and bacterial transcriptional responses in the mutualism between Rhizopus microsporus (Rm) (ATCC 52813, host) and its Mycetohabitans (formerly Burkholderia) endobacteria versus the antagonism between a nonhost Rm (ATCC 11559) and Mycetohabitans isolated from the host, at two time points, before and after partner physical contact. We found that bacteria and fungi sensed each other before contact and altered gene expression patterns accordingly. Mycetohabitans did not discriminate between the host and nonhost and engaged a common set of genes encoding known as well as novel symbiosis factors. In contrast, responses of the host versus nonhost to endobacteria were dramatically different, converging on the altered expression of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism. On the basis of the observed patterns, we formulated a set of hypotheses describing fungal-bacterial interactions and tested some of them. By conducting ROS measurements, we confirmed that nonhost fungi increased production of ROS in response to endobacteria, whereas host fungi quenched their ROS output, suggesting that ROS metabolism contributes to the nonhost resistance to bacterial infection and the host ability to form a mutualism. Overall, our study offers a testable framework of predictions describing interactions of early divergent Mucoromycotina fungi with bacteria.
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Miloradovic van Doorn M, Merl-Pham J, Ghirardo A, Fink S, Polle A, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Root isoprene formation alters lateral root development. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2207-2223. [PMID: 32495947 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a C5 volatile organic compound, which can protect aboveground plant tissue from abiotic stress such as short-term high temperatures and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we uncover new roles for isoprene in the plant belowground tissues. By analysing Populus x canescens isoprene synthase (PcISPS) promoter reporter plants, we discovered PcISPS promoter activity in certain regions of the roots including the vascular tissue, the differentiation zone and the root cap. Treatment of roots with auxin or salt increased PcISPS promoter activity at these sites, especially in the developing lateral roots (LR). Transgenic, isoprene non-emitting poplar roots revealed an accumulation of O2- in the same root regions where PcISPS promoter activity was localized. Absence of isoprene emission, moreover, increased the formation of LRs. Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity suppressed LR development, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. The analysis of the fine root proteome revealed a constitutive shift in the amount of several redox balance, signalling and development related proteins, such as superoxide dismutase, various peroxidases and linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase, in isoprene non-emitting poplar roots. Together our results indicate for isoprene a ROS-related function, eventually co-regulating the plant-internal signalling network and development processes in root tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Miloradovic van Doorn
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fink
- Forest Botany, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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A Framework for the Selection of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Based on Bacterial Competence Mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00760-20. [PMID: 32358015 PMCID: PMC7357491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00760-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been inoculated into the soil with the aim of improving the supply of nutrients to crop plants and decreasing the requirement of chemical fertilizers. However, sometimes these microbes fail to competitively colonize the plant roots and rhizosphere. Hence, the plant growth promotion effect is not observed. Here, we describe a new screening strategy aiming at the selection of more competent PGPR. We evaluated bacterial phenotypes related to plant growth promotion, colonization, and persistence. Our results demonstrated that despite the fact that our Rhizobium sp. strains successfully solubilized phosphorus and produced siderophores, their abilities to spread over surfaces, resist hydrogen peroxide, and form biofilms varied. Additionally, a multicriteria decision analysis was used to analyze the data that originated from bacterial physiological characterizations. This analysis allowed us to innovatively evaluate each strain as a whole and compare the performances of the strains under hypothetical scenarios of bacterial-trait requirements. The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is increasingly meaningful for the development of more environmentally friendly agricultural practices. However, often the PGPR strains selected in the laboratory fail to confer the expected beneficial effects when evaluated in plant experiments. Insufficient rhizosphere colonization is pointed out as one of the causes. With the aim of minimizing this inconsistency, we propose that besides studying plant growth promotion traits (PGP), the screening strategy should include evaluation of the microbial phenotypes required for colonization and persistence. As a model, we carried out this strategy in three Rhizobium sp. strains that showed phosphorus solubilization ability and production of siderophores. All strains displayed colonization phenotypes like surface spreading, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and formed biofilms. Regarding their ability to persist, biofilm formation was observed to be influenced by pH and the phosphorus nutrient provided in the growth media. Differences in the competence of the strains to use several carbon substrates were also detected. As part of our framework, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of the strains in a quantitative manner. The data analysis was integrated using a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA). All our results were scored, weighted, and grouped as relevant for PGP, colonization, or persistence. MCDA demonstrated that, when the phenotypes related to PGP and colonization are weighted over those for persistence, strain B02 performs better than the other two Rhizobium sp. strains. The use of our framework could assist the selection of more competent strains to be tested in greenhouse and field trials. IMPORTANCE Numerous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been inoculated into the soil with the aim of improving the supply of nutrients to crop plants and decreasing the requirement of chemical fertilizers. However, sometimes these microbes fail to competitively colonize the plant roots and rhizosphere. Hence, the plant growth promotion effect is not observed. Here, we describe a new screening strategy aiming at the selection of more competent PGPR. We evaluated bacterial phenotypes related to plant growth promotion, colonization, and persistence. Our results demonstrated that despite the fact that our Rhizobium sp. strains successfully solubilized phosphorus and produced siderophores, their abilities to spread over surfaces, resist hydrogen peroxide, and form biofilms varied. Additionally, a multicriteria decision analysis was used to analyze the data that originated from bacterial physiological characterizations. This analysis allowed us to innovatively evaluate each strain as a whole and compare the performances of the strains under hypothetical scenarios of bacterial-trait requirements.
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Valanciene E, Jonuskiene I, Syrpas M, Augustiniene E, Matulis P, Simonavicius A, Malys N. Advances and Prospects of Phenolic Acids Production, Biorefinery and Analysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E874. [PMID: 32517243 PMCID: PMC7356249 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotechnological production of phenolic acids is attracting increased interest due to their superior antioxidant activity, as well as other antimicrobial, dietary, and health benefits. As secondary metabolites, primarily found in plants and fungi, they are effective free radical scavengers due to the phenolic group available in their structure. Therefore, phenolic acids are widely utilised by pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and chemical industries. A demand for phenolic acids is mostly satisfied by utilising chemically synthesised compounds, with only a low quantity obtained from natural sources. As an alternative to chemical synthesis, environmentally friendly bio-based technologies are necessary for development in large-scale production. One of the most promising sustainable technologies is the utilisation of microbial cell factories for biosynthesis of phenolic acids. In this paper, we perform a systematic comparison of the best known natural sources of phenolic acids. The advances and prospects in the development of microbial cell factories for biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds are discussed in more detail. A special consideration is given to the modern production methods and analytics of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Naglis Malys
- Bioprocess Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania; (E.V.); (I.J.); (M.S.); (E.A.); (P.M.); (A.S.)
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Gerna D, Roach T, Mitter B, Stöggl W, Kranner I. Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in Interkingdom Interaction Between Bacteria and Wheat Seeds and Seedlings. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:336-348. [PMID: 31631769 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0248-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In endophytes, the abundance of genes coding for enzymes processing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), argues for a crucial role of ROS metabolism in plant-microbe interaction for plant colonization. Here, we studied H2O2 metabolism of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds and their microbiota during germination and early seedling growth, the most vulnerable stages in the plant life cycle. Treatment with hot steam diminished the seed microbiota, and these seeds produced less extracellular H2O2 than untreated seeds. Using a culture-dependent approach, Pantoea and Pseudomonas genera were the most abundant epiphytes of dry untreated seeds. Incubating intact seedlings from hot steam-treated seeds with Pantoea strains triggered H2O2 production, whereas Pseudomonas strains dampened H2O2 levels, attributable to higher catalase activities. The genus Pantoea was much less represented among seedling endophytes than genus Pseudomonas, with other endophytic genera, including Bacillus and Paenibacillus, also possessing high catalase activities. Overall, our results show that certain bacteria of the seed microbiota are able to modulate the extracellular redox environment during germination and early seedling growth, and high catalase activity is proposed as a key trait of seed endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerna
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT), Tulln, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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A novel Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri NADPH quinone reductase involved in salt stress response and virulence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129514. [PMID: 31911239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker is maintained as an epiphyte on citrus leaves until entering the plant tissue. During epiphytic survival, bacteria may encounter low water availability that challenges the infection process. Proteomics analyses of Xcc under saline stress, mimicking the conditions found during epiphytic survival, showed increased abundance of a putative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase encoded by XAC2229. METHODS Expression levels of XAC2229 and a Xcc mutant in XAC2229 were analyzed in salt and oxidative stress and during plant-pathogen interaction. An Escherichia coli expressing XAC2229 was obtained, and the role of this protein in oxidative stress resistance and in reactive oxygen species production was studied. Finally, Xac2229 protein was purified, spectrophotometric and cofactor analyses were done and enzymatic activities determined. RESULTS XAC2229 was expressed under salt stress and during plant-pathogen interaction. ΔXAC2229 mutant showed less number of cankers and impaired epiphytic survival than the wild type strain. ΔXAC2229 survived less in the presence of H2O2 and produced more reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances than the wild type strain. Similar results were observed for E. coli expressing XAC2229. Xac2229 is a FAD containing flavoprotein, displays diaphorase activity with an optimum at pH 6.0 and has quinone reductase activity using NADPH as an electron donor. CONCLUSIONS A FAD containing flavoprotein from Xcc is a new NADPH quinone reductase required for bacterial virulence, particularly in Xcc epiphytic survival on citrus leaves. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A novel protein involved in the worldwide disease citrus canker was characterized.
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Qi W, Wang F, Ma L, Qi Z, Liu S, Chen C, Wu J, Wang P, Yang C, Wu Y, Sun W. Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms and Cytology of Cold Tolerance in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1241. [PMID: 32903421 PMCID: PMC7434931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold damage has negatively impacted the yield, growth and quality of the edible cooking oil in Northern China and Brassica napus L.(rapeseed) planting areas decreased because of cold damage. In the present study we analyzed two Brassica napus cultivars of 16NTS309 (highly resistant to cold damage) and Tianyou2238 (cold sensitive) from Gansu Province, China using physiological, biochemical and cytological methods to investigate the plant's response to cold stress. The results showed that cold stress caused seedling dehydration, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrolyte leakage and O2 - and H2O2 were increased in Tianyou2238 than 16NTS309 under cold stress at 4°C for 48 h, as well as the proline, soluble protein and soluble sugars markedly accumulated, and antioxidant enzymes of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were higher in 16NTS309 compared with in Tianyou2238, which play key roles in prevention of cell damage. After exposure to cold stress, the accumulation of the blue formazan precipitate and reddish brown precipitate indicated that O2 - and H2O2, respectively, were produced in the root, stem, and leaf were higher than under non-cold conditions. Contents of O2 - and H2O2 in cultivar Tianyou2238 were higher than 16NTS309, this is consistent with the phenotypic result. To understand the specific distribution of O2 - in the sub-cellular, we found that in both cultivars O2 - signals were distributed mainly in cambium tissue, meristematic cells, mesophyll cytoplasm, and surrounding the cell walls of root, stem, leaves, and leaf vein by morphoanatomical analysis, but the quantities varied. Cold stress also triggered obvious ultrastructural alterations in leaf mesophyll of Tianyou2238 including the damage of membrane system, destruction of chloroplast and swelling of mitochondria. This study are useful to provide new insights about the physiological and biochemical mechanisms and cytology associated with the response of B. napus to cold stress for use in breeding cold-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Qi
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ze Qi
- College of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cairong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wancang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wancang Sun,
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Tang L, Qiu L, Liu C, Du G, Mo Z, Tang X, Mao Y. Transcriptomic Insights into Innate Immunity Responding to Red Rot Disease in Red Alga Pyropia yezoensis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5970. [PMID: 31783543 PMCID: PMC6928737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis, one of the most economically important marine algae, suffers from the biotic stress of the oomycete necrotrophic pathogen Pythium porphyrae. However, little is known about the molecular defensive mechanisms employed by Pyr. yezoensis during the infection process. In the present study, we defined three stages of red rot disease based on histopathological features and photosynthetic physiology. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out at different stages of infection to identify the genes related to the innate immune system in Pyr. yezoensis. In total, 2139 up-regulated genes and 1672 down-regulated genes were identified from all the infected groups. Pathogen receptor genes, including three lectin genes (pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)) and five genes encoding typical plant R protein domains (leucine rich repeat (LRR), nucleotide binding site (NBS), or Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)), were found to be up-regulated after infection. Several defense mechanisms that were typically regarded as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants were induced during the infection. These included defensive and protective enzymes, heat shock proteins, secondary metabolites, cellulase, and protease inhibitors. As a part of the effector-triggered immunity (ETI), the expression of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and hypersensitive cell death response (HR) increased significantly during the infection. The current study suggests that, similar to plants, Pyr. yezoensis possesses a conserved innate immune system that counters the invasion of necrotrophic pathogen Pyt. porphyrae. However, the innate immunity genes of Pyr. yezoensis appear to be more ancient in origin compared to those in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Liping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Guoying Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Zhaolan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xianghai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
| | - Yunxiang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (Ministry of Education), College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (L.T.); (L.Q.); (C.L.); (G.D.); (X.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Tropical Marine Bioresource (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572022, China
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Ying X, Wan M, Hu L, Zhang J, Li H, Lv D. Identification of the Virulence Factors of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus via Heterologous Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana using Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5575. [PMID: 31717281 PMCID: PMC6888081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening, is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide. HLB is associated with the non-culturable bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) in the United States. The virulence mechanism of CaLas is largely unknown, partly because of the lack of a mutant library. In this study, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) were used for large-scale screening of the virulence factors of CaLas. Agroinfiltration of 60 putative virulence factors in N. benthamiana led to the identification of four candidates that caused severe symptoms in N. benthamiana, such as growth inhibition and cell death. CLIBASIA_05150 and CLIBASIA_04065C (C-terminal of CLIBASIA_04065) could cause cell death in the infiltrated leaves at five days post infiltration. Two low-molecular-weight candidates, CLIBASIA_00470 and CLIBASIA_04025, could inhibit plant growth. By converting start codon to stop codon or frameshifting, the four genes lost their harmful effects to N. benthamiana. It indicated that the four virulence factors functioned at the protein level rather than at the RNA level. The subcellular localization of the four candidates was determined by confocal laser scanning microscope. CLIBASIA_05150 located in the Golgi apparatus; CLIBASIA_04065 located in the mitochondrion; CLIBASIA_00470 and CLIBASIA_04025 distributed in cells as free GFP. The host proteins interacting with the four virulence factors were identified by yeast two-hybrid. The host proteins interacting with CLIBASIA_00470 and CLIBASIA_04025 were overlapping. Based on the phenotypes, the subcellular localization and the host proteins identified by yeast two-hybrid, CLIBASIA_00470 and CLIBASIA_04025, functioned redundantly. The hypothesis of CaLas virulence was proposed. CaLas affects citrus development and suppresses citrus disease resistance, comprehensively, in a complicated manner. Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation might play a vital role in CaLas virulence. Deep characterization of the interactions between the identified virulence factors and their prey will shed light on HLB. Eventually, it will help in developing HLB-resistant citrus and save the endangered citrus industry worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Ying
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA;
| | - Mengyuan Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China;
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Linshuang Hu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 10086, China; (L.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 10086, China; (L.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hui Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - Dianqiu Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China;
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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