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Hsieh PS, Hwang SR, Hwang SW, Hwang JH. Plasma Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Levels Were Not Correlated with the Severity of Age-Related Hearing Impairment in Humans. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1757-1761. [PMID: 38222583 PMCID: PMC10785095 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between plasma glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels and age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) has not been reported in humans. By cross-sectional design, 268 subjects older than 33, with normal cognitive function and normal or symmetric sensorineural hearing loss, were selected randomly. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to test the impact of the plasma GDNF or IGF-1 level on the pure tone threshold of low frequencies (PTA-low) and high frequencies (PTA-high), respectively. Results showed that plasma GDNF and IGF-1 levels decreased with age without statistical significance. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that GDNF or IGF-1 levels were not significantly correlated with PTA-low or PTA-high after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, systemic diseases, habits, and noise exposure. In conclusion, plasma GDNF or IGF-1 levels were not associated with the severity of ARHI in humans. However, these findings did not support the roles of GDNF or IGF-1 genotypes on hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Hsieh
- Department
of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital,
Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Hwang
- Department
of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy
& Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Hwang
- School
of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung
University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department
of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 622, Taiwan
- School
of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien970,Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, China Medical University
Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung404,Taiwan
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2
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Pisani A, Paciello F, Del Vecchio V, Malesci R, De Corso E, Cantone E, Fetoni AR. The Role of BDNF as a Biomarker in Cognitive and Sensory Neurodegeneration. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040652. [PMID: 37109038 PMCID: PMC10140880 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a crucial function in the central nervous system and in sensory structures including olfactory and auditory systems. Many studies have highlighted the protective effects of BDNF in the brain, showing how it can promote neuronal growth and survival and modulate synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, conflicting data about BDNF expression and functions in the cochlear and in olfactory structures have been reported. Several clinical and experimental research studies showed alterations in BDNF levels in neurodegenerative diseases affecting the central and peripheral nervous system, suggesting that BDNF can be a promising biomarker in most neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, shearing loss, or olfactory impairment. Here, we summarize current research concerning BDNF functions in brain and in sensory domains (olfaction and hearing), focusing on the effects of the BDNF/TrkB signalling pathway activation in both physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we review significant studies highlighting the possibility to target BDNF as a biomarker in early diagnosis of sensory and cognitive neurodegeneration, opening new opportunities to develop effective therapeutic strategies aimed to counteract neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisani
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Malesci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-ENT Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry-Audiology Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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3
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Naert G, Pasdelou MP, Le Prell CG. Use of the guinea pig in studies on the development and prevention of acquired sensorineural hearing loss, with an emphasis on noise. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:3743. [PMID: 31795705 PMCID: PMC7195866 DOI: 10.1121/1.5132711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pigs have been used in diverse studies to better understand acquired hearing loss induced by noise and ototoxic drugs. The guinea pig has its best hearing at slightly higher frequencies relative to humans, but its hearing is more similar to humans than the rat or mouse. Like other rodents, it is more vulnerable to noise injury than the human or nonhuman primate models. There is a wealth of information on auditory function and vulnerability of the inner ear to diverse insults in the guinea pig. With respect to the assessment of potential otoprotective agents, guinea pigs are also docile animals that are relatively easy to dose via systemic injections or gavage. Of interest, the cochlea and the round window are easily accessible, notably for direct cochlear therapy, as in the chinchilla, making the guinea pig a most relevant and suitable model for hearing. This article reviews the use of the guinea pig in basic auditory research, provides detailed discussion of its use in studies on noise injury and other injuries leading to acquired sensorineural hearing loss, and lists some therapeutics assessed in these laboratory animal models to prevent acquired sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Colleen G Le Prell
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
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4
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Ahmed H, Shubina-Oleinik O, Holt JR. Emerging Gene Therapies for Genetic Hearing Loss. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2017; 18:649-670. [PMID: 28815315 PMCID: PMC5612923 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-017-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy, or the treatment of human disease using genetic material, for inner ear dysfunction is coming of age. Recent progress in developing gene therapy treatments for genetic hearing loss has demonstrated tantalizing proof-of-principle in animal models. While successful translation of this progress into treatments for humans awaits, there is growing interest from patients, scientists, clinicians, and industry. Nonetheless, it is clear that a number of hurdles remain, and expectations for total restoration of auditory function should remain tempered until these challenges have been overcome. Here, we review progress, prospects, and challenges for gene therapy in the inner ear. We focus on technical aspects, including routes of gene delivery to the inner ear, choice of vectors, promoters, inner ear targets, therapeutic strategies, preliminary success stories, and points to consider for translating of these successes to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Ahmed
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Shubina-Oleinik
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Kim M, Jung JY, Choi S, Lee H, Morales LD, Koh JT, Kim SH, Choi YD, Choi C, Slaga TJ, Kim WJ, Kim DJ. GFRA1 promotes cisplatin-induced chemoresistance in osteosarcoma by inducing autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 13:149-168. [PMID: 27754745 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1239676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in chemotherapy has significantly increased its efficacy, yet the development of chemoresistance remains a major drawback. In this study, we show that GFRA1/GFRα1 (GDNF family receptor α 1), contributes to cisplatin-induced chemoresistance by regulating autophagy in osteosarcoma. We demonstrate that cisplatin treatment induced GFRA1 expression in human osteosarcoma cells. Induction of GFRA1 expression reduced cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death and it significantly increased osteosarcoma cell survival via autophagy. GFRA1 regulates AMPK-dependent autophagy by promoting SRC phosphorylation independent of proto-oncogene RET kinase. Cisplatin-resistant osteosarcoma cells showed NFKB1/NFκB-mediated GFRA1 expression. GFRA1 expression promoted tumor formation and growth in mouse xenograft models and inhibition of autophagy in a GFRA1-expressing xenograft mouse model during cisplatin treatment effectively reduced tumor growth and increased survival. In cisplatin-treated patients, treatment period and metastatic status were associated with GFRA1-mediated autophagy. These findings suggest that GFRA1-mediated autophagy is a promising novel target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- a Department of Oral Physiology , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea.,b Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , Edinburg , TX , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- a Department of Oral Physiology , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea.,d Dental Science Research Institute , Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Seungho Choi
- a Department of Oral Physiology , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- b Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , Edinburg , TX , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Liza D Morales
- b Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , Edinburg , TX , USA
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- d Dental Science Research Institute , Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea.,e Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Sun Hun Kim
- d Dental Science Research Institute , Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea.,f Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Yoo-Duk Choi
- g Department of Pathology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Chan Choi
- g Department of Pathology , Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- c Department of Pharmacology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Won Jae Kim
- a Department of Oral Physiology , School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea.,d Dental Science Research Institute , Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju , Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- b Edinburg Regional Academic Health Center, Medical Research Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , Edinburg , TX , USA.,c Department of Pharmacology , University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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6
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Kelly KM, Lalwani AK. On the Distant Horizon--Medical Therapy for Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2015; 48:1149-65. [PMID: 26409822 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in developed societies. Hearing impairment in children, particularly of prelingual onset, has been shown to negatively affect educational achievement, future employment and earnings, and even life expectancy. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which refers to defects within the cochlea or auditory nerve itself, far outweighs conductive causes for permanent hearing loss in both children and adults. The causes of SNHL in children are heterogeneous, including both congenital and acquired causes. This article identifies potential mechanisms of intervention both at the level of the hair cell and the spiral ganglion neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Kelly
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hinds Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anil K Lalwani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Floor 7, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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7
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Electroacoustic stimulation: now and into the future. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:350504. [PMID: 25276779 PMCID: PMC4168031 DOI: 10.1155/2014/350504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implants have provided hearing to hundreds of thousands of profoundly deaf people around the world. Recently, the eligibility criteria for cochlear implantation have been relaxed to include individuals who have some useful residual hearing. These recipients receive inputs from both electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS). Implant recipients who can combine these hearing modalities demonstrate pronounced benefit in speech perception, listening in background noise, and music appreciation over implant recipients that rely on electrical stimulation alone. The mechanisms bestowing this benefit are unknown, but it is likely that interaction of the electric and acoustic signals in the auditory pathway plays a role. Protection of residual hearing both during and following cochlear implantation is critical for EAS. A number of surgical refinements have been implemented to protect residual hearing, and the development of hearing-protective drug and gene therapies is promising for EAS recipients. This review outlines the current field of EAS, with a focus on interactions that are observed between these modalities in animal models. It also outlines current trends in EAS surgery and gives an overview of the drug and gene therapies that are clinically translatable and may one day provide protection of residual hearing for cochlear implant recipients.
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8
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Liu W, Rask-Andersen H. Immunohistological analysis of neurturin and its receptors in human cochlea. Auris Nasus Larynx 2014; 41:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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9
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Ramekers D, Versnel H, Grolman W, Klis SF. Neurotrophins and their role in the cochlea. Hear Res 2012; 288:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Mechanisms of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and targets of hair cell protection. Int J Otolaryngol 2011; 2011:937861. [PMID: 22121370 PMCID: PMC3202092 DOI: 10.1155/2011/937861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are commonly prescribed antibiotics with deleterious side effects to the inner ear. Due to their popular application as a result of their potent antimicrobial activities, many efforts have been undertaken to prevent aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Over the years, understanding of the antimicrobial as well as ototoxic mechanisms of aminoglycosides has increased. These mechanisms are reviewed in regard to established and potential future targets of hair cell protection.
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11
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Stöver T, Lenarz T. Biomaterials in cochlear implants. GMS CURRENT TOPICS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2011; 8:Doc10. [PMID: 22073103 PMCID: PMC3199815 DOI: 10.3205/cto000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The cochlear implant (CI) represents, for almost 25 years now, the gold standard in the treatment of children born deaf and for postlingually deafened adults. These devices thus constitute the greatest success story in the field of ‘neurobionic’ prostheses. Their (now routine) fitting in adults, and especially in young children and even babies, places exacting demands on these implants, particularly with regard to the biocompatibility of a CI’s surface components. Furthermore, certain parts of the implant face considerable mechanical challenges, such as the need for the electrode array to be flexible and resistant to breakage, and for the implant casing to be able to withstand external forces. As these implants are in the immediate vicinity of the middle-ear mucosa and of the junction to the perilymph of the cochlea, the risk exists – at least in principle – that bacteria may spread along the electrode array into the cochlea. The wide-ranging requirements made of the CI in terms of biocompatibility and the electrode mechanism mean that there is still further scope – despite the fact that CIs are already technically highly sophisticated – for ongoing improvements to the properties of these implants and their constituent materials, thus enhancing the effectiveness of these devices. This paper will therefore discuss fundamental material aspects of CIs as well as the potential for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Stöver
- Department of Otolaryngology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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12
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Scheper V, Paasche G, Miller JM, Warnecke A, Berkingali N, Lenarz T, Stöver T. Effects of delayed treatment with combined GDNF and continuous electrical stimulation on spiral ganglion cell survival in deafened guinea pigs. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1389-99. [PMID: 19084902 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) of spiral ganglion cells (SGC) via a cochlear implant is the standard treatment for profound sensor neural hearing loss. However, loss of hair cells as the morphological correlate of sensor neural hearing loss leads to deafferentation and death of SGC. Although immediate treatment with ES or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) can prevent degeneration of SGC, only few studies address the effectiveness of delayed treatment. We hypothesize that both interventions have a synergistic effect and that even delayed treatment would protect SGC. Therefore, an electrode connected to a pump was implanted into the left cochlea of guinea pigs 3 weeks after deafening. The contralateral untreated cochleae served as deafened intraindividual controls. Four groups were set up. Control animals received intracochlear infusion of artificial perilymph (AP/-). The experimental groups consisted of animals treated with AP in addition to continuous ES (AP/ES) or treated with GDNF alone (GDNF/-) or GDNF combined with continuous ES (GDNF/ES). Acoustically and electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses were recorded. All animals were killed 48 days after deafening; their cochleae were histologically evaluated. Survival of SGC increased significantly in the GDNF/- and AP/ES group compared with the AP/- group. A highly significant increase in SGC density was observed in the GDNF/ES group compared with the control group. Additionally, animals in the GDNF/ES group showed reduced EABR thresholds. Thus, delayed treatment with GDNF and ES can protect SGC from degeneration and may improve the benefits of cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Scheper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Swan EEL, Mescher MJ, Sewell WF, Tao SL, Borenstein JT. Inner ear drug delivery for auditory applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1583-99. [PMID: 18848590 PMCID: PMC2657604 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many inner ear disorders cannot be adequately treated by systemic drug delivery. A blood-cochlear barrier exists, similar physiologically to the blood-brain barrier, which limits the concentration and size of molecules able to leave the circulation and gain access to the cells of the inner ear. However, research in novel therapeutics and delivery systems has led to significant progress in the development of local methods of drug delivery to the inner ear. Intratympanic approaches, which deliver therapeutics to the middle ear, rely on permeation through tissue for access to the structures of the inner ear, whereas intracochlear methods are able to directly insert drugs into the inner ear. Innovative drug delivery systems to treat various inner ear ailments such as ototoxicity, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, autoimmune inner ear disease, and for preserving neurons and regenerating sensory cells are being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Leary Swan
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Transfer of exogenous genetic material into the mammalian inner ear using viral vectors has been characterized over the last decade. A number of different viral vectors have been shown to transfect the varying cell types of the nonprimate mammalian inner ear. Several routes of delivery have been identified for introduction of vectors into the inner ear while minimizing injury to existing structures and at the same time ensuring widespread distribution of the agent throughout the cochlea and the rest of the inner ear. These studies raise the possibility that gene transfer may be developed as a potential strategy for treating inner ear dysfunction in humans. Furthermore, a recent report showing successful transfection of excised human vestibular epithelia offers proof of principle that viral gene transfer is a viable strategy for introduction and expression of exogenous genetic material to restore function to the inner ear. Human vestibular epithelia were harvested from patients undergoing labyrinthectomy, either for intractable Ménière's disease or vestibular schwannoma resection, and cultured for as long as 5 days. In those experiments, recombinant, multiply-deleted, replication-deficient adenoviral vectors were used to transfect and express a reporter gene as well as the functionally relevant gene, wild-type KCNQ4, a potassium channel gene that when mutated causes the autosomal dominant HL DFNA2.Here, we review the current state of viral-mediated gene transfer in the inner ear and discuss different viral vectors, routes of delivery, and potential applications of gene therapy. Emphasis is placed on experiments demonstrating viral transfection of human inner ear tissue and implications of these findings and for the future of gene therapy in the human inner ear.
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15
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Liu Y, Okada T, Shimazaki K, Sheykholeslami K, Nomoto T, Muramatsu SI, Mizukami H, Kume A, Xiao S, Ichimura K, Ozawa K. Protection against aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity by regulated AAV vector-mediated GDNF gene transfer into the cochlea. Mol Ther 2008; 16:474-480. [PMID: 18180779 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since standard aminoglycoside treatment progressively causes hearing disturbance with hair cell degeneration, systemic use of the drugs is limited. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors have been of great interest because they mediate stable transgene expression in a variety of postmitotic cells with minimal toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of regulated AAV1-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in the cochlea on aminoglycoside-induced damage. AAV1-based vectors encoding GDNF or vectors encoding GDNF with an rtTA2s-S2 Tet-on regulation system were directly microinjected into the rat cochleae through the round window at 5 x 10(10) genome copies/body. Seven days after the virus injection, a dose of 333 mg/kg of kanamycin was subcutaneously given twice daily for 12 consecutive days. GDNF expression in the cochlea was confirmed and successfully modulated by the Tet-on system. Monitoring of the auditory brain stem response revealed an improvement of cochlear function after GDNF transduction over the frequencies tested. Damaged spiral ganglion cells and hair cells were significantly reduced by GDNF expression. Our results suggest that AAV1-mediated expression of GDNF using a regulated expression system in the cochlea is a promising strategy to protect the cochlea from aminoglycoside-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Liu
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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16
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Sekiya T, Kojima K, Matsumoto M, Holley MC, Ito J. Rebuilding lost hearing using cell transplantation. Neurosurgery 2007; 60:417-33; discussion 433. [PMID: 17327786 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000249189.46033.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The peripheral auditory nervous system (cochlea and auditory nerve) has a complex anatomy, and it has traditionally been thought that once the sensorineural structures are damaged, restoration of hearing is impossible. In the past decade, however, the potential to restore lost hearing has been intensively investigated using molecular and cell biological techniques, and we can now part with such a pessimistic view. In this review, we examine an important field in hearing restoration research: cell transplantation. METHODS Most efforts in this field have been directed to the replacement of hair cells by transplantation to the cochlea. Here, we focus on transplantation to the auditory nerve, from the side of the cerebellopontine angle rather than the cochlea. RESULTS Delivery of cells to the cochlea is potentially damaging, and nerve cells transplanted distally to the Schwann-glial transitional zone (cochlear side) may become inhibited when they reach the transitional zone. The auditory nerve is probably the most suitable route for cell transplantation. CONCLUSION The auditory nerve occupies an important position not only in neurosurgery but also in various diseases in other disciplines, and several lines of recent evidence indicate that it is a key target for hearing restoration. It is familiar to most neurosurgeons, and the recent advances in the molecular and cell biology of inner-ear development are of direct importance to neurorestorative medicine. In this article, we review the anatomy, development, and molecular biology of the auditory nerve and cochlea, with emphasis on the advances in cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Sekiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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17
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Yoshida T, Hakuba N, Morizane I, Fujita K, Cao F, Zhu P, Uchida N, Kameda K, Sakanaka M, Gyo K, Hata R. Hematopoietic stem cells prevent hair cell death after transient cochlear ischemia through paracrine effects. Neuroscience 2007; 145:923-30. [PMID: 17320298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is regarded to be a potential approach for promoting repair of damaged organs. Here, we investigated the influence of hematopoietic stem cells on progressive hair cell degeneration after transient cochlear ischemia in gerbils. Transient cochlear ischemia was produced by extracranial occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries just before their entry into the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra. Intrascalar injection of HSCs prevented ischemia-induced hair cell degeneration and ameliorated hearing impairment. We also showed that the protein level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the organ of Corti was upregulated after cochlear ischemia and that treatment with HSCs augmented this ischemia-induced upregulation of GDNF. A tracking study revealed that HSCs injected into the cochlea were retained in the perilymphatic space of the cochlea, although they neither transdifferentiated into cochlear cell types nor fused with the injured hair cells after ischemia, suggesting that HSCs had therapeutic potential possibly through paracrine effects. Thus, we propose HSCs as a potential new therapeutic strategy for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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18
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Wefstaedt P, Scheper V, Lenarz T, Stöver T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor survival effects on auditory neurons are not limited by dexamethasone. Neuroreport 2006; 16:2011-4. [PMID: 16317344 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200512190-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cochlear implant performance depends on the number of surviving excitable auditory neurons and prevention of degradation of nerve-electrode interaction caused by adverse tissue reactions. Glucocorticoids and neurotrophic factors are promising options for a possible therapeutic intervention. Neurons dissociated from the spiral ganglion of rats (3-5 days old) were cultivated with addition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and the corticosteroid dexamethasone in various concentrations (25, 50, 100 ng/ml) and in combination with each other (100 ng/ml). The results suggest that a combination of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor does not enhance spiral ganglion cell survival significantly when compared with single brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment (100 ng/ml). In addition, dexamethasone application did not interfere with the survival-promoting effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wefstaedt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons following hair cell loss carries critical implications for efforts to rehabilitate severe cases of hearing loss with cochlear implants or hair cell regeneration. This review considers recently identified neurotrophic factors and therapeutic strategies which promote spiral ganglion neuron survival and neurite growth. Replacement of these factors may help preserve or regenerate the auditory nerve in patients with extensive hair cell loss. RECENT FINDINGS Spiral ganglion neurons depend on neurotrophic factors supplied by hair cells and other targets for their development and continued survival. Loss of this trophic support leads to spiral ganglion neuron death via apoptosis. Hair cells support spiral ganglion neuron survival by producing several peptide neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophin-3 and glial derived neurotrophic factor. In addition, neurotransmitter release from the hair cells drives membrane electrical activity in spiral ganglion neurons which also supports their survival. In animal models, replacement of peptide neurotrophic factors or electrical stimulation with an implanted electrode attenuates spiral ganglion neuron degeneration following deafferentation. Cell death inhibitors can also preserve spiral ganglion neuron populations. Preliminary studies show that transfer of stem cells or neurons from other ganglia are two potential strategies to replace lost spiral ganglion neurons. Inducing the regrowth of spiral ganglion neuron peripheral processes to approximate or contact cochlear implant electrodes may help optimize signaling from a diminished population of neurons. SUMMARY Recent studies of spiral ganglion neuron development and survival have identified several trophic and neuritogenic factors which protect these specialized cells from degeneration following hair cell loss. While still preliminary, such strategies show promise for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela C Roehm
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Wei X, Zhao L, Liu J, Dodel RC, Farlow MR, Du Y. Minocycline prevents gentamicin-induced ototoxicity by inhibiting p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and caspase 3 activation. Neuroscience 2005; 131:513-21. [PMID: 15708492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are commonly used antibiotics that often induce ototoxicity leading to permanent hair cell loss and hearing impairment. We hereby examined whether minocycline protects hair cells from gentamicin-induced hair cell damage. Two millimolar gentamicin significantly induced outer hair cell damage and the addition of minocycline to gentamicin-treated explants significantly increased hair cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrated that gentamicin induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation in these cells and these remarkable changes were blocked by minocycline treatments. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibitor of p38 MAPK or the inhibitor of caspase 3 only partially blocked gentamicin-induced hair cell damage, and the pretreatment of explants with the inhibitor of p38 MAPK and the inhibitor of caspase 3 together exerted a synergic protective effect against gentamicin-induced hair cell damage. Our results suggest that minocycline blocks gentamicin-induced hair cell loss possibly by inhibition of three mechanisms: p38 MAPK phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation. This finding may explain why minocycline has protective activity in a variety of apoptotic models. Therapeutic intervention by using minocycline or related drugs may be a novel means for preventing inner ear injury following the use of aminoglycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wei
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 975 West Walnut Street IB 457, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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21
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Bohn MC. Motoneurons crave glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Exp Neurol 2004; 190:263-75. [PMID: 15530868 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This is a commentary on the developmental and therapeutic relevance of recent studies in the glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) transgenic mouse reported by Zhao et al. (2004). This interesting study demonstrated that increased expression of GDNF in astrocytes increases the number of neighboring motoneurons of certain motoneuron subpopulations by diminishing programmed cell death during development. In addition, astrocyte-derived GDNF was shown to protect facial motoneurons from injury-induced cell death. Since this is the first direct demonstration that secretion of GDNF from astrocytes in the CNS can affect motoneuron development in utero and motoneuron survival after axotomy, novel approaches for motor neuron disease are suggested. The known target neurons that respond to GDNF are reviewed, as are studies using GDNF gene delivery in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is postulated that GDNF is a factor to which many motoneurons respond along their whole extent from soma to axon to terminal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Bohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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Guntinas-Lichius O, Wittekindt C. The Role of Growth Factors for Disease and Therapy in Diseases of the Head and Neck. DNA Cell Biol 2003; 22:593-606. [PMID: 14577911 DOI: 10.1089/104454903322405473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are a large family of polypeptide molecules that regulate cell division in many tissues by autocrine or paracrine mechanisms. Depending on what receptors are activated, growth factors can initiate mitogenic, antiproliferative, or trophic effects, that is, growth factors act as positive or negative modulators of cell proliferation. Therefore, growth factors do not only play an important role in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also in pathological situations like infection, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Consequently, the application of growth factors, or vice versa the application of substances which are directed against growth factors like antigrowth factor antibodies, may have therapeutic applications. This review provides a brief account of what we know regarding growth factors in otorhinolaryngology, particularly in the field of otology, wound healing, oncology, peripheral nerve regeneration, and rhinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Guntinas-Lichius
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany.
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Malgrange B, Rigo JM, Coucke P, Thiry M, Hans G, Nguyen L, van de Water TR, Moonen G, Lefebvre PP. Identification of factors that maintain mammalian outer hair cells in adult organ of Corti explants. Hear Res 2002; 170:48-58. [PMID: 12208540 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Both outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs) survive and mature in 3 days old rat organ of Corti explants cultured for 1 month in a minimal essential medium. In contrast, under the same culture conditions, only IHCs survive in explants from adult guinea pig organ of Corti while many of the OHCs are lost within the first 48 h. Hair cell counts show OHCs loss to be greater in the lower portion (i.e. middle turn) of the cochlea than at the apex. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) indicates that there is DNA damage in adult OHCs within 8 h of explantation. Treatment of the adult organ of Corti explants with either actinomycin D (10(-7) M) or cycloheximide (10(-6) M) prevents most OHC losses. According to these results apoptosis may be the mechanism of OHC loss in adult organ of Corti explants. Stable membrane potentials recorded from the OHCs in both uncultured and actinomycin D-treated organ of Corti explants cultured for 72 h demonstrate the functional integrity of these hair cells. OHC losses in the adult guinea pig organ of Corti cultures can also be prevented by treatment with several of the growth factors tested, i.e. acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The results of this study suggest that growth factor therapy may be applicable to the treatment of some hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Malgrange
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, University of Liège, 17 Place Delcour, B-4020, Liège, Belgium.
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