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Fonseca AA, Gonçalves VLDS, Barbosa AAS, Camargos MF. Use of FTA card for the detection of two RNA (CSFV and SV-A) and two DNA viruses (ASFVand SuHV-1) of importance in veterinary medicine. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1961-1966. [PMID: 38589741 PMCID: PMC11153393 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The FTA card has emerged as a promising alternative for nucleic acid extraction. The FTA card is a filter paper impregnated with chemicals that preserve and stabilize the genetic material present in the sample, allowing for its storage and transport at room temperature. The aim of this study was to test the card for the detection of RNA and DNA nucleic acids. Two RNA viruses (Senecavirus A and classical swine fever virus) and two DNA viruses (African swine fever virus and suid alphaherpesvirus 1) were tested, and in all cases, there was a decrease in sensitivity. The methods exhibited good repeatability and demonstrated a rapid and practical use for sample transport and nucleic acid extraction.
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Afayibo DJA, Zhang Z, Sun H, Fu J, Zhao Y, Amuda TO, Wu M, Du J, Guan G, Niu Q, Yang J, Yin H. Establishment of an ELISA Based on a Recombinant Antigenic Protein Containing Multiple Prominent Epitopes for Detection of African Swine Fever Virus Antibodies. Microorganisms 2024; 12:943. [PMID: 38792774 PMCID: PMC11124277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global pig industry, necessitating accurate and efficient diagnostic methods for its infection. Previous studies have often focused on a limited number of epitopes from a few proteins for detecting antibodies against ASFV. Therefore, the current study aimed to use multiple B-cell epitopes in developing an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for enhanced detection of ASFV antibodies. For the expression of recombinant protein, k3 derived from 27 multiple peptides of 11 ASFV proteins, such as p72, pA104R, pB602L, p12, p14.5, p49, pE248R, p30, p54, pp62, and pp220, was used. To confirm the expression of the recombinant protein, we used the Western blotting analysis. The purified recombinant K3 protein served as the antigen in our study, and we employed the indirect ELISA technique to detect anti-ASFV antibodies. The present finding showed that there was no cross-reactivity with antibodies targeting Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Moreover, the current finding was sensitive enough to find anti-ASFV in serum samples that had been diluted up to 32 times. The test (k3-iELISA) showed diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 98.41% and 97.40%, respectively. Moreover, during the present investigation, we compared the Ingenasa kit and the k3-iELISA to test clinical pig serum, and the results revealed that there was 99.00% agreement between the two tests, showing good detection capability of the k3-iELISA method. Hence, the current finding showed that the ELISA kit we developed can be used for the rapid detection of ASFV antibodies and used as an alternative during serological investigation of ASF in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dossêh Jean Apôtre Afayibo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Hualin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Jingsheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Yaru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Tharheer Oluwashola Amuda
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Mengli Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Qingli Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Jifei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China (Lanzhou), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou 730046, China; (D.J.A.A.); (J.D.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Vlasov M, Sindryakova I, Kudryashov D, Morgunov S, Kolbasova O, Lyska V, Zhivoderov S, Pivova E, Balyshev V, Namsrayn S, Sevskikh T, Sereda A, Kolbasov D. Administration Routes and Doses of the Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Strain PSA-1NH Influence Cross-Protection of Pigs against Heterologous Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1277. [PMID: 38731281 PMCID: PMC11083577 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of Suidae, i.e., domestic pigs and wild boars, caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The development of cross-protective vaccines against ASF is imperative for effective disease control, particularly in regions where ASF is endemic, potentially featuring multiple circulating ASFV isolates. The investigation of non-hemadsorbing naturally attenuated isolates and laboratory recombinant strains with a deletion in the EP402R gene has attracted interest. Our study aimed to assess the impacts of various administration routes and doses of the naturally attenuated ASFV-PSA-1NH (immunotype IV, genotype I) isolate on the manifestation of clinical signs of ASF and the level of protection against the heterologous ASFV-Stavropol 01/08 strain (seroimmunotype VIII, genotype II). The results demonstrated that the intranasal administration of a low dose of ASFV-PSA-1NH to pigs minimized the clinical signs of ASF and established a high level of protection against the heterologous strain ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. Despite the challenges in standardizing the dosage for intranasal administration, this approach appears as a viable alternative in ASF vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Sindryakova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), Academician Bakoulov Street, Bldg. 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (M.V.); (D.K.); (S.M.); (O.K.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (E.P.); (V.B.); (S.N.); (T.S.); (D.K.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexey Sereda
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), Academician Bakoulov Street, Bldg. 1, 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (M.V.); (D.K.); (S.M.); (O.K.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (E.P.); (V.B.); (S.N.); (T.S.); (D.K.)
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4
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Milton AAP, Das S, Momin KM, Prasad MCB, Khan S, Priya GB, Ghatak S, Sen A, Baruah KK. Development of a novel sensitive single-tube nested PCR assay for the detection of African swine fever virus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:107. [PMID: 38647708 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal and contagious viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). It has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry and poses a serious threat to food security worldwide. Diagnostic tests with high sensitivity are essential for the effective management of ASF. Here, we describe a single-tube nested PCR (STN-PCR) assay for the detection of ASFV in which two consecutive amplification steps are carried out within a single tube. Two pairs of primers (outer and inner) were designed to target the p72 gene of ASFV. The primer concentrations, annealing temperatures, and number of amplification cycles were optimized to ensure the consecutive utilization of outer and inner primer pairs during amplification while minimizing the likelihood of amplicon contamination. In comparison with two conventional endpoint PCR assays (one of which is recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health), the newly developed STN-PCR assay demonstrated a 100-fold improvement in the limit of detection (LOD), detecting 100 copies of ASFV genomic DNA, whereas the endpoint PCR assays could detect no fewer than 10,000 copies. The clinical performance of the STN-PCR assay was validated using 95 tissue samples suspected of being positive for ASFV, and the assay showed 100% specificity. A Cohen's kappa value of 0.91 indicated perfect agreement between the assays. This new STN-PCR assay is a potentially valuable tool that will facilitate the control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - M C B Prasad
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sabia Khan
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - G Bhuvana Priya
- College of Agriculture (CAU, Imphal), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - K K Baruah
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
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5
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Yang R, Fu WG, Zhou J, Zhang YF, Yang L, Yang HB, Fu LZ. Enhanced detection of African swine fever virus in samples with low viral load using digital PCR technology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28426. [PMID: 38689956 PMCID: PMC11059528 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Detection of low viral load samples has long been a challenge for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control. This study aimed to compare the detection efficacy of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR) and quantitative PCR(qPCR) for African swine fever virus (ASFV) at different viral loads, with a focus on assessing the accuracy of ddPCR in detecting low viral load samples. The results revealed that ddPCR had a detection limit of 1.97 (95% CI 1.48 - 4.12) copies/reaction and was 18.99 times more sensitive than qPCR (detection limit: 37.42, 95% CI 29.56 - 69.87 copies/reaction). In the quantification of high, medium, and low viral load samples, ddPCR showed superior stability with lower intra- (2.06% - 7.58%) and inter-assay (3.83% - 7.50%) coefficients of variation than those of qPCR (intra-assay: 8.08%-29.86%; inter-assay: 9.27%-34.58%). Bland-Altman analysis indicated acceptable consistency between ddPCR and qPCR for high and medium viral load samples; however, discrepancies were observed for low viral load samples, where two samples (2/24, 8.33%) exhibited deviations beyond the acceptable range (-46.18 copies/reaction). Moreover, ddPCR demonstrated better performance in detecting ASFV in clinical samples from asymptomatic pigs and environmental samples, with qPCR showing false negative rates of 7.69% (2/26) and 27.27% (12/44), respectively. McNemar analysis revealed significant differences between the two methods (P = 0.000) for samples with a viral load <100 copies/reaction. The results of this study demonstrate that ddPCR has better detection limits and adaptability than qPCR, allowing for a more accurate detection of ASFV in early-stage infections and low-concentration environmental samples. These findings highlight the potential of ddPCR in the prevention and control of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- National Animal Disease-Chongqing Monitoring Station, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - W.-G. Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- National Animal Disease-Chongqing Monitoring Station, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - J. Zhou
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
| | - Y.-F. Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- National Animal Disease-Chongqing Monitoring Station, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - L. Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- National Animal Disease-Chongqing Monitoring Station, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - H.-B. Yang
- Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Center of Da'an District, Zigong City, Sichuan, China
| | - L.-Z. Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing, China
- National Animal Disease-Chongqing Monitoring Station, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Research Center of Veterinary Biological Products Engineering Technology, Chongqing, China
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Muzykina L, Barrado-Gil L, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Cerón JJ, Alonso C, Montoya M. Overview of Modern Commercial Kits for Laboratory Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Swine Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38675848 PMCID: PMC11054272 DOI: 10.3390/v16040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid and early detection of infectious diseases in pigs is important, especially for the implementation of control measures in suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF), as an effective and safe vaccine is not yet available in most of the affected countries. Additionally, analysis for swine influenza is of significance due to its high morbidity rate (up to 100%) despite a lower mortality rate compared to ASF. The wide distribution of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) across various countries, the emergence of constantly new recombinant strains, and the danger of human infection underscore the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis. Several diagnostic approaches and commercial methods should be applied depending on the scenario, type of sample and the objective of the studies being implemented. At the early diagnosis of an outbreak, virus genome detection using a variety of PCR assays proves to be the most sensitive and specific technique. As the disease evolves, serology gains diagnostic value, as specific antibodies appear later in the course of the disease (after 7-10 days post-infection (DPI) for ASF and between 10-21 DPI for SwIAV). The ongoing development of commercial kits with enhanced sensitivity and specificity is evident. This review aims to analyse recent advances and current commercial kits utilised for the diagnosis of ASF and SwIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Muzykina
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, The Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research (CIB) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.-G.); (C.A.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- R&D Department, Cuarte S.L., Grupo Jorge, Ctra. de Logroño km 9.2, Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (D.C.-P.)
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- R&D Department, Cuarte S.L., Grupo Jorge, Ctra. de Logroño km 9.2, Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (D.C.-P.)
| | - Jose Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.-G.); (C.A.)
| | - María Montoya
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, The Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research (CIB) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Liu HC, Liu RC, Hu MR, Yang AB, Wu RH, Chen Y, Zhang J, Bai JS, Wu SB, Chen JP, Long YF, Jiang Y, Zhou B. Development of high-concentration labeled colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips for detecting african swine fever virus p30 protein antibodies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25214. [PMID: 38318035 PMCID: PMC10840002 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), has inflicted significant economic losses on the pig industry in China. The key to mitigating its impact lies in accurate screening and strict biosecurity measures. In this regard, the development of colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips (CGITS) has proven to be an effective method for detecting ASFV antibodies. These test strips are based on the ASFV p30 recombinant protein and corresponding monoclonal antibodies. The design of the test strip incorporates a high-concentration colloidal gold-labeled p30 recombinant protein as the detection sensor, utilizing Staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) as the test line (T line), and p30 monoclonal antibody as the control line (C line). The sensitivity and specificity of the test strip were evaluated after optimizing the labeling concentration, pH, and protein dosage. The research findings revealed that the optimal colloidal gold labeling concentration was 0.05 %, the optimal pH was 8.4, and the optimal protein dosage was 10 μg/mL. Under these conditions, the CGITS demonstrated a detection limit of 1:512 dilution of ASFV standard positive serum, without exhibiting cross-reactivity with antibodies against other viral pathogens. Furthermore, the test strips remained stable for up to 20 days when stored at 50 °C and 4 °C. Comparatively, the CGITS outperformed commercial ELISA kits, displaying a sensitivity of 90.9 % and a specificity of 96.2 %. Subsequently, 108 clinical sera were tested to assess its performance. The data showed that the coincidence rate between the CGITS and ELISA was 93.5 %. In conclusion, the rapid colloidal gold test strip provides an efficient and reliable screening tool for on-site clinical detection of ASF in China. Its accuracy, stability, and simplicity make it a valuable asset in combating the spread of ASF and limiting its impact on the pig industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-cheng Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong-chao Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mei-rong Hu
- GuangDong Winsun Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 511356, China
| | - Ao-bing Yang
- GuangDong Winsun Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 511356, China
| | - Ren-hu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji-shan Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sheng-bo Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-peng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun-feng Long
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Dei Giudici S, Loi F, Ghisu S, Angioi PP, Zinellu S, Fiori MS, Carusillo F, Brundu D, Franzoni G, Zidda GM, Tolu P, Bandino E, Cappai S, Oggiano A. The Long-Jumping of African Swine Fever: First Genotype II Notified in Sardinia, Italy. Viruses 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 38257733 PMCID: PMC10820622 DOI: 10.3390/v16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boar that is spreading quickly around the world and causing huge economic losses. Although the development of effective vaccines is currently being attempted by several labs, the absence of globally recognized licensed vaccines makes disease prevention and early detection even more crucial. ASF has spread across many countries in Europe and about two years ago affected the Italian susceptible population. In Italy, the first case of ASF genotype II in wild boar dates back to January 2022, while the first outbreak in a domestic pig farm was notified in August 2023. Currently, four clusters of infection are still ongoing in northern (Piedmont-Liguria and Lombardy), central (Lazio), and southern Italy (Calabria and Campania). In early September 2023, the first case of ASFV genotype II was detected in a domestic pig farm in Sardinia, historically affected by genotype I and in the final stage of eradication. Genomic characterization of p72, p54, and I73R/I329L genome regions revealed 100% similarity to those obtained from isolates that have been circulating in mainland Italy since January 2022 and also with international strains. The outbreak was detected and confirmed due to the passive surveillance plan on domestic pig farms put in place to provide evidence on genotype I's absence. Epidemiological investigations suggest 24 August as the most probable time of ASFV genotype II's arrival in Sardinia, likely due to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei Giudici
- Laboratory of Virology, Deapartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (S.Z.); (M.S.F.); (G.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Federica Loi
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale della Sardegna, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 09125 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Sonia Ghisu
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (S.G.); (F.C.); (D.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Laboratory of Virology, Deapartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (S.Z.); (M.S.F.); (G.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Susanna Zinellu
- Laboratory of Virology, Deapartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (S.Z.); (M.S.F.); (G.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Mariangela Stefania Fiori
- Laboratory of Virology, Deapartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (S.Z.); (M.S.F.); (G.F.); (A.O.)
| | - Francesca Carusillo
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (S.G.); (F.C.); (D.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Diego Brundu
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (S.G.); (F.C.); (D.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Laboratory of Virology, Deapartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (S.Z.); (M.S.F.); (G.F.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Paolo Tolu
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Sardegna, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (G.M.Z.); (P.T.)
| | - Ennio Bandino
- Diagnostic Laboratories, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 08100 Nuoro, Italy; (S.G.); (F.C.); (D.B.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Cappai
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico Veterinario Regionale della Sardegna, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 09125 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Laboratory of Virology, Deapartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.D.G.); (P.P.A.); (S.Z.); (M.S.F.); (G.F.); (A.O.)
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9
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Hu Z, Tian X, Lai R, Wang X, Li X. Current detection methods of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289676. [PMID: 38144466 PMCID: PMC10739333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF), caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and notifiable animal disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, as designated by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). The effective diagnosis of ASF holds great importance in promptly controlling its spread due to its increasing prevalence and the continuous emergence of variant strains. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the most common and up-to-date methods established for various genes/proteins associated with ASFV. The discussed methods primarily focus on the detection of viral genomes or particles, as well as the detection of ASFV associated antibodies. It is anticipated that this paper will serve as a reference for choosing appropriate diagnostic methods in diverse application scenarios, while also provide direction for the development of innovative technologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Hu
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaogang Tian
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Ranran Lai
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Pig and Poultry Healthy Breeding and Disease Diagnosis Technology, Xiajin New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Dezhou, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., (NHLH Academy of Swine Research), Dezhou, China
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed and Livestock and Poultry Products Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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10
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Okwasiimire R, Kayaga EB, Ekakoro JE, Ndoboli D, Schumann K, Faburay B, Nassali A, Hauser C, Ochoa K, Wampande EM, Havas KA. Spatiotemporal description of African swine fever virus nucleic acid and antibodies detected in pigs sampled at abattoirs in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda from May 2021 through June 2022. Porcine Health Manag 2023; 9:51. [PMID: 37919811 PMCID: PMC10623799 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African swine fever virus (ASFV) infections in Africa cause hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and is maintained by a sylvatic cycle in warthogs. It is endemic in Uganda, leading to significant economic losses. Previous studies performed in rural areas and in Kampala had differing diagnostic results. The purpose of this study was to provide a robust spatial, temporal, and diagnostic summary of pigs slaughtered in the greater Kampala metropolitan area over the course of one year. This study characterized 1208 to 1323 serum, blood, and tissue samples collected from pigs at six abattoirs in the greater Kampala metropolitan area of Uganda monthly from May 2021 through June 2022. Validated and standardized serologic and molecular diagnostics were used. RESULTS Only 0.15% of pigs had detectable antibodies against ASFV, suggesting low survival rates or pre-clinical diagnosis. Yet, 59.5% of pigs were positive for ASFV DNA. Blood had the lowest detection rate (15.3%) while tonsil and lymph nodes had the highest (38% and 37.5%, respectively), spleen samples (31.5%) were in between. Agreement between sample types was fair to moderate overall. A significant seasonality of ASFV infections emerged with infections found predominately in the dry seasons. Spatial assessments revealed that the greater Kampala metropolitan area abattoirs have a catchment area that overlaps with Uganda's most pig dense regions. CONCLUSIONS Pigs at greater Kampala metropolitan area abattoirs can be sentinels for acute disease throughout the pig dense region of Uganda, particularly in the dry seasons. The high prevalence detected suggests that pigs are sold in response to local reports of ASFV infections (panic sales). Serological surveillance is not useful, as very few pigs seroconverted in this study prior to slaughter. In contrast, tissue samples of pigs can be used to detect disease using qPCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney Okwasiimire
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edrine B Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John E Ekakoro
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kate Schumann
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Aisha Nassali
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Cole Hauser
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA
| | - Krista Ochoa
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA
| | - Eddie M Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O.Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Karyn A Havas
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-6401, USA.
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11
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Lim JW, Vu TTH, Le VP, Yeom M, Song D, Jeong DG, Park SK. Advanced Strategies for Developing Vaccines and Diagnostic Tools for African Swine Fever. Viruses 2023; 15:2169. [PMID: 38005846 PMCID: PMC10674204 DOI: 10.3390/v15112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boars of all ages. Over a span of 100 years, ASF has continued to spread over continents and adversely affects the global pig industry. To date, no vaccine or treatment has been approved. The complex genome structure and diverse variants facilitate the immune evasion of the ASF virus (ASFV). Recently, advanced technologies have been used to design various potential vaccine candidates and effective diagnostic tools. This review updates vaccine platforms that are currently being used worldwide, with a focus on genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, including an understanding of their potential efficacy and limitations of safety and stability. Furthermore, advanced ASFV detection technologies are presented that discuss and incorporate the challenges that remain to be addressed for conventional detection methods. We also highlight a nano-bio-based system that enhances sensitivity and specificity. A combination of prophylactic vaccines and point-of-care diagnostics can help effectively control the spread of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Woo Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Thi Thu Hang Vu
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131000, Vietnam;
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Daesub Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (J.-W.L.); (M.Y.); (D.S.)
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Bio-Analytical Science Division, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Qian X, Hu L, Shi K, Wei H, Shi Y, Hu X, Zhou Q, Feng S, Long F, Mo S, Li Z. Development of a triplex real-time quantitative PCR for detection and differentiation of genotypes I and II African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1278714. [PMID: 37929278 PMCID: PMC10620837 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1278714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) was first identified in 1921 and is extensively prevalent around the world nowadays, which has a significant negative impact on the swine industry. In China, genotype II ASFV was first discovered in 2018, and has spread quickly to different provinces in a very short time; genotype I ASFV was first found in 2020, and has been reported in several provinces since then. To establish an accurate method for detection and differentiation of genotypes I and II ASFV, three primers and probes were designed targeting the ASFV B646L gene for different genotypes, the F1055L gene for genotype I, and the E183L gene for genotype II, and a triplex real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for differential detection of genotypes I and II ASFV was developed after optimizing the reaction conditions. The assay showed high sensitivity, and the limits of detection (LOD) of the B646L, F1055L, and E183L genes were 399.647 copies/reaction, 374.409 copies/reaction, and 355.083 copies/reaction, respectively; the coefficients of variation (CVs) of the intra-assay and the inter-assay were 0.22-1.88% and 0.16-1.68%, respectively, showing that this method had good repeatability; the assay could detect only ASFV, without cross-reactivity with other swine viruses including PRRSV, PEDV, PDCoV, CSFV, PRV, and PCV2, showing excellent specificity of this method. A total of 3,519 clinical samples from Guangxi province, southern China, were tested by the developed assay, and 8.16% (287/3,519) samples were found to be positive for ASFV, of which 0.17% (6/3,519) samples were positive for genotype I, 7.19% (253/3,519) samples for genotype II, and 0.80% (28/3,519) samples for genotypes I and II. At the same time, these clinical samples were also tested by a previously reported multiplex qPCR, and the agreement between these two methods was more than 99.94%. In summary, the developed triplex qPCR provided a fast, specific and accurate method for detection and differentiation of genotypes I and II ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Kaichuang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Haina Wei
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Yuwen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qingan Zhou
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Shuping Feng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Long
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Shenglan Mo
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zongqiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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13
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Bru G, Martínez-Candela M, Romero P, Navarro A, Martínez-Murcia A. Internal Validation of the ASFV MONODOSE dtec-qPCR Kit for African Swine Fever Virus Detection under the UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 Criteria. Vet Sci 2023; 10:564. [PMID: 37756086 PMCID: PMC10535882 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus is considered an emerging virus that causes African swine fever, a disease characterised by high mortality and elevated transmission rates and that, as it is for most other viral diseases, cannot be treated with specific drugs. Effective and reliable detection of the virus is relevant to prevent uncontrolled contagion among boar populations and to reduce economic losses. Moreover, animal health laboratories are demanding standardisation, optimisation and quality assurance of the available diagnostic assays. In the present study, the ASFV MONODOSE dtec-qPCR kit was validated following the UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 guidelines. Analytical validation terms include in silico and in vitro specificity, sensitivity, efficiency and reliability (repeatability/reproducibility). Diagnostic validation of the method was assessed through the analysis of a total of 181 porcine samples originating from six different matrix types doped with African swine fever virus DNA received from the European reference laboratory for African Swine Fever (INIA-CISA, Madrid, Spain): whole blood, blood serum, kidney, heart, liver and tonsil. Results agreed with those obtained from a reference detection method also based on real-time PCR, endorsed by WOAH, but the ASFV MONODOSE dtec-qPCR kit incorporates some technical innovations and improvements which may benefit end-users. This kit, available worldwide with full analytical and diagnostic validation, can recognise all known ASFV genotypes and brings additional benefits to the current qPCR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Bru
- Genetic PCR Solutions™, 03300 Orihuela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Martínez-Murcia
- Genetic PCR Solutions™, 03300 Orihuela, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Miguel Hernández, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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14
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Blázquez E, Pujols J, Segalés J, Navarro N, Rodríguez C, Ródenas J, Polo J. Inactivation of African swine fever virus inoculated in liquid plasma by spray drying and storage for 14 days at 4°C or 20°C. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290395. [PMID: 37607204 PMCID: PMC10443872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a dsDNA virus that can cause high mortality in pigs of all ages. Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is a highly digestible ingredient used in feed because it benefits performance, gut function and immunity. The objectives were to test if the spray-drying (SD) conditions along with post-drying storage of product for 14 days can inactivate ASFV inoculated in liquid plasma. Fresh liquid porcine plasma was inoculated with ASFV (BA71V) to a final concentration of 105.18 ±0.08 TCID50/mL of liquid plasma. Triplicate 2-L samples of spiked plasma were SD in a lab drier set at an outlet temperature of 80°C or 71°C. The final dried samples were stored at 4°C or 20°C for 14 d. Liquid and SD samples were analyzed for ASFV infectivity in two mirror 24-well plaques containing VERO cells monolayers. Wells were inoculated with different dilutions of SDPP dissolved 1:9 in PBS. One plaque was immediately frozen at -80°C and the other was incubated at 37°C for 3 d. Each dilution was replicated 9 times. After incubation both plaques were analyzed for ASFV by qRT-PCR. Results indicated that the SD process inactivated between 3.2 to 4.2 Logs ASFV TCID50/mL and 2.53 to 2.75 Logs TCID50/mL when the outlet temperature were 80°C and 71°C respectively. All SD samples stored at 4°C or 20°C for 14 d were absent of infectious ASFV. The combination of SD and post drying storage at both temperatures for 14 d was able to inactive >5.18 ±0.08 Log10 of ASFV inoculated in liquid porcine plasma, demonstrating that the manufacturing process for SDPP can be considered safe regarding ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blázquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- APC Europe, S.L.U. Granollers, Granollers, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Navarro
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Polo
- APC Europe, S.L.U. Granollers, Granollers, Spain
- APC LLC, Ankeny, IA, United States of America
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15
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Kosowska A, Barasona JA, Barroso-Arévalo S, Blondeau Leon L, Cadenas-Fernández E, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Low transmission risk of African swine fever virus between wild boar infected by an attenuated isolate and susceptible domestic pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1177246. [PMID: 37635760 PMCID: PMC10448392 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1177246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal infectious disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. This complex virus has already affected five continents and more than 70 countries and is considered to be the main threat to the global swine industry. The disease can potentially be transmitted directly through contact with infectious animals, or indirectly by means of contaminated feed or environments. Nevertheless, the knowledge regarding the transmission patterns of different ASF virus isolates at the wildlife-livestock interface is still limited. We have, therefore, assessed the potential transmission of an attenuated ASF virus isolate between infectious wild boar and directly exposed domestic pig. We registered 3,369 interspecific interactions between animals, which were brief and mostly initiated by wild boar. The major patterns observed during the study were head-to-head contact owing to sniffing, thus suggesting a high probability of pathogen transmission. However, only one of the five domestic pigs had a short period of viremia and became serologically positive for ASF virus antibodies. It was additionally discovered that the wild boar did not transmit the virulent virus isolate to the domestic pigs, which suggests that the presence of attenuated ASF virus isolates in affected areas may control the spreading of other more virulent isolates. These outcomes may help make decisions related to large-scale targeted management actions against ASF in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Blondeau Leon
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Chen Q, Tu F, Chen X, Yu Y, Gu Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Visual isothermal amplification detection of ASFV based on trimeric G-quadruplex cis-cleavage activity of Cas-12a. Anal Biochem 2023:115235. [PMID: 37422063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a kind of DNA virus and can infect both domestic pigs and wild boars with fatality up to 100%. The contaminated meat products mainly led to the worldwide transmission of ASFV. The outbreak of ASF greatly affects the supply stability of meat products as well as the development of the global pig industry. In this study, a visual isothermal amplification detection assay for ASFV based on trimeric G-quadruplex cis-cleavage activity of Cas12a was developed. The introduction of Cas12a could discriminate the specific amplification from the non-specific amplification and improve the sensitivity. The detection limit was as low as 0.23 copies/μL. This assay had good potential in the detection of ASFV and would be helpful for the stability of meat production and supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fangming Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yimeng Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yikai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhanmin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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17
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Oļševskis E, Masiulis M, Seržants M, Lamberga K, Šteingolde Ž, Krivko L, Cvetkova S, Buitkuvienė J, Pilevičienė S, Zani L, Denzin N, Depner K. Do Seropositive Wild Boars Pose a Risk for the Spread of African Swine Fever? Analysis of Field Data from Latvia and Lithuania. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050723. [PMID: 37242393 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, ASF occurred in wild boars throughout Latvia and Lithuania, and more than 21,500 animals were hunted and tested for the presence of the virus genome and antibodies in the framework of routine disease surveillance. The aim of our study was to re-examine hunted wild boars that tested positive for the antibodies and negative for the virus genome in the blood (n = 244) and to see if the virus genome can still be found in the bone marrow, as an indicator of virus persistence in the animal. Via this approach, we intended to answer the question of whether seropositive animals play a role in the spread of the disease. In total, 2 seropositive animals out of 244 were found to be positive for the ASF virus genome in the bone marrow. The results indicate that seropositive animals, which theoretically could also be virus shedders, can hardly be found in the field and thus do not play an epidemiological role regarding virus perpetuation, at least not in the wild boar populations we studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvīns Oļševskis
- Food and Veterinary Service, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marius Masiulis
- State Food and Veterinary Service, 07170 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Kristīne Lamberga
- Food and Veterinary Service, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Žanete Šteingolde
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Krivko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Svetlana Cvetkova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", LV-1076 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jūratė Buitkuvienė
- National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, 08409 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Simona Pilevičienė
- National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, 08409 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laura Zani
- Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (LAVES), 26203 Wardenburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Depner
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
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18
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Qi X, Feng T, Ma Z, Zheng L, Liu H, Shi Z, Shen C, Li P, Wu P, Ru Y, Li D, Zhu Z, Tian H, Wu S, Zheng H. Deletion of DP148R, DP71L, and DP96R Attenuates African Swine Fever Virus, and the Mutant Strain Confers Complete Protection against Homologous Challenges in Pigs. J Virol 2023; 97:e0024723. [PMID: 37017515 PMCID: PMC10134827 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00247-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) has caused a devastating pandemic in domestic and wild swine, causing economic losses to the global swine industry. Recombinant live attenuated vaccines are an attractive option for ASFV treatment. However, safe and effective vaccines against ASFV are still scarce, and more high-quality experimental vaccine strains need to be developed. In this study, we revealed that deletion of the ASFV genes DP148R, DP71L, and DP96R from the highly virulent isolate ASFV CN/GS/2018 (ASFV-GS) substantially attenuated virulence in swine. Pigs infected with 104 50% hemadsorbing doses of the virus with these gene deletions remained healthy during the 19-day observation period. No ASFV infection was detected in contact pigs under the experimental conditions. Importantly, the inoculated pigs were protected against homologous challenges. Additionally, RNA sequence analysis showed that deletion of these viral genes induced significant upregulation of the host histone H3.1 gene (H3.1) and downregulation of the ASFV MGF110-7L gene. Knocking down the expression of H3.1 resulted in high levels of ASFV replication in primary porcine macrophages in vitro. These findings indicate that the deletion mutant virus ASFV-GS-Δ18R/NL/UK is a novel potential live attenuated vaccine candidate and one of the few experimental vaccine strains reported to induce full protection against the highly virulent ASFV-GS virus strain. IMPORTANCE Ongoing outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) have considerably damaged the pig industry in affected countries. Thus, a safe and effective vaccine is important to control African swine fever spread. Here, an ASFV strain with three gene deletions was developed by knocking out the viral genes DP148R (MGF360-18R), NL (DP71L), and UK (DP96R). The results showed that the recombinant virus was completely attenuated in pigs and provided strong protection against parental virus challenge. Additionally, no viral genomes were detected in the sera of pigs housed with animals infected with the deletion mutant. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed significant upregulation of histone H3.1 in virus-infected macrophage cultures and downregulation of the ASFV MGF110-7L gene after viral DP148R, UK, and NL deletion. Our study provides a valuable live attenuated vaccine candidate and potential gene targets for developing strategies for anti-ASFV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaochao Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panxue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Blázquez E, Pujols J, Rodríguez F, Segalés J, Rosell R, Campbell J, Polo J. Feeding Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma to Pigs Reduces African Swine Fever Virus Load in Infected Pigs and Delays Virus Transmission-Study 1. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040824. [PMID: 37112736 PMCID: PMC10142603 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential benefits of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) to pigs infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV). Two groups of twelve weaned pigs each were fed with CONVENTIONAL or 8% SDPP enriched diets. Two pigs (trojans)/group) were injected intramuscularly with the pandemic ASFV (Georgia 2007/01) and comingled with the rest of the pigs (1:5 trojan:naïve ratio) to simulate a natural route of transmission. Trojans developed ASF and died within the first week after inoculation, but contact pigs did not develop ASF, viremia, or seroconversion. Therefore, three more trojans per group were introduced to optimize the ASFV transmission (1:2 trojan:naïve ratio). Blood, nasal, and rectal swabs were weekly harvested, and at end of the study ASFV-target organs collected. After the second exposure, rectal temperature of conventionally fed contact pigs increased >40.5 °C while fever was delayed in the SDPP contact pigs. Additionally, PCR Ct values in blood, secretions, and tissue samples were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for CONVENTIONAL compared to SDPP contact pigs. Under these study conditions, contact exposed pigs fed SDPP had delayed ASFV transmission and reduced virus load, likely by enhanced specific T-cell priming after the first ASFV-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Blázquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- APC Europe, S.L. 08403 Granollers, Spain
| | - Joan Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Polo
- APC Europe, S.L. 08403 Granollers, Spain
- APC LLC, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA
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Pujols J, Blázquez E, Segalés J, Rodríguez F, Chang CY, Argilaguet J, Bosch-Camós L, Rosell R, Pailler-García L, Gavrilov B, Campbell J, Polo J. Feeding Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma to Pigs Improves the Protection Afforded by the African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) BA71∆CD2 Vaccine Prototype against Experimental Challenge with the Pandemic ASFV-Study 2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040825. [PMID: 37112737 PMCID: PMC10146001 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) on the protection afforded by the BA71∆CD2 African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine prototype. Two groups of pigs acclimated to diets without or with 8% SDPP were intranasally inoculated with 105 plaque-forming units (PFU) of live attenuated ASFV strain BA71∆CD2 and, three weeks later, left in direct contact with pigs infected with the pandemic Georgia 2007/01 ASFV strain. During the post-exposure (pe) period, 2/6 from the conventional diet group showed a transient peak rectal temperature >40.5 °C before day 20 pe, and some tissue samples collected at 20 d pe from 5/6 were PCR+ for ASFV, albeit showing Ct values much higher than Trojan pigs. Interestingly, the SDPP group did not show fever, neither PCR+ in blood nor rectal swab at any time pe, and none of the postmortem collected tissue samples were PCR+ for ASFV. Differential serum cytokine profiles among groups at vaccination, and a higher number of ASFV-specific IFNϒ-secreting T cells in pigs fed with SDPP soon after the Georgia 2007/01 encounter, confirmed the relevance of Th1-like responses in ASF protection. We believe that our result shows that nutritional interventions might contribute to improving future ASF vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Pujols
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Blázquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- APC Europe, S.L., 08403 Granollers, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bosch-Camós
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d'Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lola Pailler-García
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases in Europe, IRTA-CReSA, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Boris Gavrilov
- Biologics Development, Huvepharma, 3A Nikolay Haytov Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Javier Polo
- APC Europe, S.L., 08403 Granollers, Spain
- APC, LLC, Ankeny, IA 50021, USA
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21
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Design of a Replicative-Competent MGF110 (1L-5-6L) Deleted African Swine Fever Virus (Genotype II). ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Viral individual genes functions and their role in the interaction with the host cells remain the main area in the study of African swine fever virus (ASFV) biology. The extreme heterogeneity of the ASFV makes it difficult to develop vaccines against this pathogen. In this work, we generated the ASFV deletion mutant virus Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) with the six genes deletion in multigenic family 110 (MGF110) (1L-5-6L) and studied its characteristics in vitro. The homologous recombination method was used for the deletion in ASFV parental strain Volgograd/14с. A series of six passages was carried out in the COS-1 cell culture using the limiting dilution method. The recombinant strain Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110 was selected by the plaque formation method. Performed study of viral replication showed no changes in viral growth kinetics in comparison with the parental strain. The ASFV Volgograd/D(1L-5-6L) MGF110 is a great tool available to test the importance of MGF110 for virus virulence and vaccine development.
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African Swine Fever Virus Load in Hematophagous Dipterans Collected in an Outbreak from Romania: Risk Factors and Implications. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3548109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease of swine that causes significant economic damage. The summer peaks and river courses have triggered the hypothesis that vectors may be involved in the transmission of the virus. In temperate climates, insect numbers increase in the late summer. Low temperatures and frosts decrease the number of active insects. Their presence is strongly associated with the nearby wetlands or swamps around the farms. The aim of our study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with the presence of ASFV DNA in hematophagous dipterans and to analyze the relevance of Ct values obtained following RT-PCR analysis of the positive samples in ASF outbreaks in Romania, as an indication for the viral load. The current study included 99 pools of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and 296 pools of biting midges (Culicoides spp.), collected in June-September 2020, from 30 outbreaks of ASF in domestic swine from backyard farms (BF), type A farms (TAF), and commercial farms (CF). All extracted DNA was tested for the presence of the ASFV genome using a real-time PCR protocol. Ct values of 39.53 and below were considered as positive (min: 18.19; median: 31.41; max: 39.53). The blood meal source was identified in the hematophagous insects by using a PCR protocol targeting the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. Data were analyzed using R software v. 4.0.5. In total, 3,158 insects (S. calcitrans n = 198 and Culicoides n = 2960) were collected in 23 farms of the 30 outbreak farms. Ten species of biting midges were identified. The total number of insect pools showed significant differences according to the month of sampling, with a higher number of pools collected in August and September. Overall, 137 pools out of the 395 examined were positive for the presence of ASFV DNA. There was a higher viral DNA load in farms where pigs were present at the moment of sampling compared to farms where pigs were already culled, in S. calcitrans compared to Culicoides spp. and in CF and TAF compared to BF.
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23
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Novel sensitive isothermal-based diagnostic technique for the detection of African swine fever virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:79. [PMID: 36740635 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and sensitive diagnostic technique for the detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) nucleic acid was developed for testing clinical samples in the field or resource-constrained settings. In the current study, the saltatory rolling-circle amplification (SRCA) technique was used for the first time to detect ASFV. The technique was developed using World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-approved primers targeting the p72 gene of the ASFV genome. The assay can be performed within 90 minutes at an isothermal temperature of 58°C without a requirement for sophisticated instrumentation. The results can be interpreted by examination with the naked eye with the aid of SYBR Green dye. This assay exhibited 100% specificity, producing amplicons only from ASFV-positive samples, and there was no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic viruses and bacteria of pigs that were tested. The lower limits of detection of SRCA, endpoint PCR, and real-time PCR assays were 48.4 copies/µL, 4.84 × 103 copies/µL, and 4.84 × 103 copies/µL, respectively. Thus, the newly developed SRCA assay was found to be 100 times more sensitive than endpoint and real-time PCR assays. Clinical tissue samples obtained from ASFV-infected domestic pigs and other clinical samples collected during 2020-22 from animals with suspected ASFV infection were tested using the SRCA assay, and a 100% accuracy rate, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were demonstrated. The results indicate that the SRCA assay is a simple yet sensitive method for the detection of ASFV that may improve the diagnostic capacity of field laboratories, especially during outbreaks. This novel diagnostic technique is completely compliant with the World Health Organization's "ASSURED" criteria advocated for disease diagnosis, as it is affordable, specific, sensitive, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable. Therefore, this SRCA assay may be preferable to other complex molecular techniques for diagnosing African swine fever.
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Vlasov ME, Sindryakova IP, Kudrjashov DA, Morgunov SY, Kolbasova OL, Lyska VM, Zhivoderov SP, Pivova EY, Balyshev VM, Sereda AD, Kolbasov DV. Inoculation with ASFV-Katanga-350 Partially Protects Pigs from Death during Subsequent Infection with Heterologous Type ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020430. [PMID: 36851644 PMCID: PMC9959532 DOI: 10.3390/v15020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is an extremely genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous pathogen. Previously, we have demonstrated that experimental inoculation of pigs with an attenuated strain, Katanga-350 (genotype I, seroimmunotype I) (ASFV-Katanga-350), can induce protective immunity in 80% of European domestic pigs against the homologous virulent European strain Lisbon-57. At least 50% of the surviving pigs received protection from subsequent intramuscular infection with a heterologous virulent strain, Stavropol 01/08 (genotype II, seroimmunotype VIII) (ASFV-Stavropol 01/08). In this study, we assessed clinical signs, the levels of viremia, viral DNA, anti-ASFV antibodies and post-mortem changes caused by subsequent intramuscular injection with ASFV-Katanga-350 and heterologous ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. Inoculation of pigs with the ASFV-Katanga-350 did not protect animals from the disease in the case of the subsequent challenged ASFV-Stavropol 01/08. However, 40% of pigs were protected from death. Moreover, the surviving animals showed no pathomorphological changes or the presence of an infectious virus in the organs after euthanasia at 35 days post challenging. The ability/inability of attenuated strains to form a certain level of protection against heterologous isolates needs a theoretical background and experimental confirmation.
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Multiple-probe-assisted DNA capture and amplification for high-throughput African swine fever virus detection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:797-805. [PMID: 36576568 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most devastating infectious diseases affecting domestic pigs and wild boar. The grave socio-economic impact of African swine fever infection at a global level makes large-scale rapid and robust diagnosis a critical step towards effective control. Here, we describe multiple-probe-assisted DNA capture and amplification technology (MADCAT) - a novel, sensitive, simple, and high-throughput method for detecting ASFV directly from whole blood or other complex matrices. Through a unique DNA capture approach which specifically captures the target DNA onto 96-well plate for subsequent amplification, MADCAT abandons the complicated extraction protocol and achieves ultrafast and high-throughput detection. The sample-to-result time for 96 samples is about 90 min, as compared with the 3-4 h time of the conventional real-time qPCR method. The limit of detection (LOD) of MADCAT is 0.5 copies/μL blood and is 5 times more sensitive than an extraction-based qPCR assay when testing serially diluted whole blood samples. The assay is 100% specific against other common swine pathogens. In the clinical diagnosis of 96 field samples, all 22 positive samples were correctly identified with lower Ct values than extraction-based qPCR, confirming its high diagnostic sensitivity (100%). Owing to its high-throughput, specific high sensitivity, and direct detection features, MADCAT shows great potential for use in large-scale ASFV surveillance and monitoring for effective disease control. KEY POINTS: • No nucleic acid extraction, 100% capture efficiency, and high-throughput • Ultra-high sensitivity of 0.5 DNA copies/μL or 6 DNA copies/reaction • The sample-to-answer time for 96 samples is about 90 min.
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Gallardo C, Casado N, Soler A, Djadjovski I, Krivko L, Madueño E, Nieto R, Perez C, Simon A, Ivanova E, Donescu D, Milicevik V, Chondrokouki E, Nurmoja I, Frant M, Feliziani F, Václavek P, Pileviciene S, Marisa A. A multi gene-approach genotyping method identifies 24 genetic clusters within the genotype II-European African swine fever viruses circulating from 2007 to 2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1112850. [PMID: 36761884 PMCID: PMC9905734 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease of pigs and wild boar that poses a major threat to the global swine industry. The genotype II African swine fever virus (ASFV) entered the European Union (EU) in 2014 and since then fourteen countries have been affected, Italy and North Macedonia being the last in 2022. While whole genome sequencing remains the gold standard for the identification of new genetic markers, sequencing of multiple loci with significant variations could be used as a rapid and cost-effective alternative to track outbreaks and study disease evolution in endemic areas. Materials and methods To further our understanding of the epidemiology and spread of ASFV in Europe, 382 isolates collected during 2007 to 2022 were sequenced. The study was initially performed by sequencing the central variable region (CVR), the intergenic region (IGR) between the I73R and I329L genes and the O174L and K145R genes. For further discrimination, two new PCRs were designed to amplify the IGR between the 9R and 10R genes of the multigene family 505 (MGF505) and the IGR between the I329L and I215L genes. The sequences obtained were compared with genotype II isolates from Europe and Asia. Results The combination of the results obtained by sequencing these variable regions allowed to differentiate the European II-ASFV genotypes into 24 different groups. In addition, the SNP identified in the IGR I329L-I215L region, not previously described, grouped the viruses from North Macedonia that caused the 2022 outbreaks with viruses from Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece, differentiating from other genotype II isolates present in Europe and Asia. Furthermore, tandem repeat sequence (TRS) within the 9R-10R genes of the multigene family 505 (MGF505) revealed eight different variants circulating. Discussion These findings describe a new multi-gene approach sequencing method that can be used in routine genotyping to determine the origin of new introductions in ASF-free areas and track infection dynamics in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Gallardo
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Carmina Gallardo ✉
| | - Nadia Casado
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Soler
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Igor Djadjovski
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Laura Krivko
- 3Latvia NRL: Laboratory of Microbiology and Pathology, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Enviroment, BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Encarnación Madueño
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Nieto
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga Perez
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Simon
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emiliya Ivanova
- 4Bulgaria NRL: National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute (NDVRI), Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniel Donescu
- 5Romania NRL: Institute for Diagnostic and Animal Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vesna Milicevik
- 6Republic of Serbia NRL: Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eleni Chondrokouki
- 7Greece NRL: Greek Ministry of Rural Development and Food FMD, Virological, Rickettsial & Exotic Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Imbi Nurmoja
- 8Estonian NRL: National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment (LABRIS), Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maciej Frant
- 9Poland NRL: National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- 10Italy NRL: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Petr Václavek
- 11Czech Republic NRL: State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czechia
| | - Simona Pileviciene
- 12Lithuania NRL: National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI), Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arias Marisa
- 1European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF (EURL-ASF): Centro De investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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27
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Hwang HJ, Choi YS, Song K, Frant M, Kim JH. Development and validation of a fast quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of African swine fever virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1037728. [PMID: 36686190 PMCID: PMC9845278 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes African swine fever (ASF), a lethal hemorrhagic fever that is highly contagious among domestic pigs and wild boars. Due to the high mortality rates and highly contagious nature of the ASF, it is important to develop a fast detection method for ASFV with high sensitivity and specificity to take an immediate action to stop wide spread of the virulent disease. Therefore, a fast and quantitative molecular detection method of ASFV is presented in this study. A total of 24 genotypes of ASFV have been identified based on nucleic acid sequences of the major capsid protein p72. The primers and probe of the present assay was designed to detect all of the p72-based genotypes of ASFV. The turnaround time for PCR detection was within 50 min which is at least about two-times faster compared to other PCR assays. Limit of detection (LoD) was 6.91 genomic copies/reaction for the most virulent genotype II. LoD values for other genotypes were within 10-20 copies/reaction. Cross-reactivity of the assay was validated using a panel of pathogens related to swine disease, and no cross-reactivity was observed. Positive and negative clinical samples (50 samples each) obtained from sick and healthy animals, were used to validate the assay. The results showed that 100% agreement for both positive and negative samples. In summary, the assay described in this study offers the advantage of rapid detection of all genotypes of ASFV with high sensitivity and specificity. The assay is a valuable tool both in clinical and laboratory uses for sensitive and fast detection of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maciej Frant
- Department of Swine Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Jeong Hee Kim
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28
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Dhandapani G, Nguyen VG, Kim MC, Noh JY, Jang SS, Yoon SW, Jeong DG, Huynh TML, Le VP, Song D, Kim HK. Magnetic-bead-based DNA-capture-assisted real-time polymerase chain reaction and recombinase polymerase amplification for the detection of African swine fever virus. Arch Virol 2023; 168:21. [PMID: 36593422 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a deadly disease in swine caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). The global spread of ASFV has resulted in significant economic losses worldwide. Improved early detection has been the most important first line of defense for preventing ASF outbreaks and for activating control measures. Despite the availability of rapid amplification methods, nucleic acid extraction from specimens still needs to be performed in a laboratory. To facilitate this step, we exploited the strong affinity of biotin-streptavidin binding by functionalizing streptavidin-coated magnetic beads with biotinylated oligonucleotide capture probes to efficiently capture genotype II ASFV DNA directly from crude clinical samples. The captured DNA is suitable for detection using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). In this study, ASFV DNA was efficiently captured from swine feces, serum, and tissue samples. Both DNA-capture-assisted qPCR and RPA-based detection methods have a limit of detection (LOD) of 102 copies/µl, which is comparable to those of commercially available kits. In addition, an RPA-SYBR Green I method was developed for the immediate visual detection of ASFV DNA, which is time-saving and efficient for resource-limited field settings. In summary, a rapid, versatile, sequence-specific DNA capture method was developed to efficiently capture ASFV DNA from swine clinical samples and subsequent detection by qPCR and RPA, which has the potential to be used for robust screening and surveillance of ASFV and in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Dhandapani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Min Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Sik Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Yoon
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Phan Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and infectious diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Hyeon JY, Tseren-Ochir EO, Lee DH, Nahm SS, Gladue DP, Borca MV, Song CS, Risatti GR. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of African swine fever virus detected in a backyard pig in Mongolia, 2019. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1094052. [PMID: 36891469 PMCID: PMC9986476 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1094052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and fatal disease affecting domestic and wild pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Since the first outbreak in China in August 2018, ASF has spread rapidly in Asia. and the first case in Mongolia was confirmed in January 2019. In this study, we report the first whole genome sequence of an ASFV (ASFV SS-3/Mongolia/2019) detected from a backyard pig in Mongolia in February 2019 using whole genome sequencing. We analyzed their phylogenetic relationship with other genotype II ASFVs from Eurasia. The ASFV SS-3/Mongolia/2019 belonged to genotype II (p72 and p54), serogroup 8 (CD2v), Tet-10a variant (pB602L), and IGRIII variant (intergenic region between the I73R/I329L genes). A total of five amino acid substitutions were observed in MGF 360-10L, MGF 505-4R, MGF 505-9R, NP419L, and I267L genes compared to the ASFV Georgia 2007/1 virus. ML phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequence showed that the virus shares a high nucleotide sequence identity with ASFVs recently identified in Eastern Europe and Asia and clustered with the ASFV/Zabaykali/WB5314/2020|Russia|2020 virus which was identified at the border between the Russian Federation and Mongolia in 2020. Our results suggest that trans boundary spread of ASF occurred through close geographic proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Hyeon
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soep Nahm
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Douglas P Gladue
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Manuel V Borca
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,KCAV Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillermo R Risatti
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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30
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Bohorquez JA, Lanka S, Rosell R, Pérez-Simó M, Alberch M, Rodriguez F, Ganges L, Maddox CW. Efficient detection of African Swine Fever Virus using minimal equipment through a LAMP PCR method. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1114772. [PMID: 36779186 PMCID: PMC9911463 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) currently represents the biggest threat to the porcine industry worldwide, with high economic impact and severe animal health and welfare concerns. Outbreaks have occurred in Europe and Asia since ASFV was reintroduced into the continent in 2007 and, in 2021, ASFV was detected in the Caribbean, raising alarm about the reemergence of the virus in the Americas. Given the lack of vaccines against ASFV, control of the virus relies on molecular surveillance, which can be delayed due to the need for sample shipment to specialized laboratories. Isothermal PCR techniques, such as LAMP, have become increasingly attractive as point-of-care diagnostic tools given the minimal material expense, equipment, and training required. The present study aimed to develop a LAMP assay for the detection of ASFV. Four LAMP primer sets were designed, based on a consensus sequence for the ASFV p72 gene, and were tested using a synthetic plasmid containing the cloned ASFV p72 target gene as a positive control. Two primer sets, were selected for further validation, given their very short time for amplification. Both primer sets showed thermal stability, amplifying the ASFV DNA at temperatures between 60-70°C and proved to have an analytical limit of detection as low as one ASFV-plasmid DNA copy/µL, using both fluorometric and colorimetric methods. The selected primers did not yield false positive or cross reactive results with other common swine pathogens, showing high specificity. Testing of DNA-spiked samples showed that LAMP amplification was not affected by the nature of the matrices, including oral fluids, tonsils, blood, or rectal swabs. The primer sets were able to detect the two more prevalent ASFV genotypes in the field. Taken together, the results show that ASFV-LAMP-BG2 and ASFV-LAMP-BG3 would be a useful tool for rapid, highly sensitive on-site diagnostic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alejandro Bohorquez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Rosa Rosell
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Simó
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Alberch
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Carol W. Maddox,
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31
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Barroso-Arévalo S, Díaz-Frutos M, Kosowska A, Pérez-Sancho M, Domínguez L, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. A useful tool for the safe diagnosis and control of the two main pandemics of the XXI century: COVID-19 and African Swine Fever disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282632. [PMID: 36877705 PMCID: PMC9987814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the disease triggered by the African Swine Fever virus are currently two of the main problems regarding public and animal health, respectively. Although vaccination seems to be the ideal tool for controlling these diseases, it has several limitations. Therefore, early detection of the pathogen is critical in order to apply preventive and control measures. Real-time PCR is the main technique used for the detection of both viruses, which requires previous processing of the infectious material. If the potentially infected sample is inactivated at the time of sampling, the diagnosis will be accelerated, impacting positively on the diagnosis and control of the disease. Here, we evaluated the inactivation and preservation properties of a new surfactant liquid for non-invasive and environmental sampling of both viruses. Our results demonstrated that the surfactant liquid effectively inactivates SARS-CoV-2 and African Swine Fever virus in only five minutes, and allows for the preservation of the genetic material for long periods even at high temperatures such as 37°C. Hence, this methodology is a safe and useful tool for recovering SARS-CoV-2 and African Swine Fever virus RNA/DNA from different surfaces and skins, which has significant applied relevance in the surveillance of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Frutos
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Zeng D, Qian B, Li Y, Zong K, Peng W, Liao K, Yu X, Sun J, Lv X, Ding L, Wang M, Zhou T, Jiang Y, Li J, Xue F, Wu X, Dai J. Prospects for the application of infectious virus detection technology based on propidium monoazide in African swine fever management. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025758. [PMID: 36246220 PMCID: PMC9563241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a hemorrhagic and often fatal disease occurring in domestic pigs and wild boars. ASF can potentially greatly impact the global trade of pigs and pork products and threaten global food security. Outbreaks of ASF must be notified to the World Organization for Animal Health. In this study, we analyzed the feasibility of applying propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment-based infectious virus detection technology to ASF prevention and control and investigated the prospects of applying this technology for epidemic monitoring, disinfection effect evaluation, and drug development. PMA as a nucleic acid dye can enter damaged cells and undergo irreversible covalent crosslinking with nucleic acid under halogen light to prevent its amplification. Although this technology has been widely used for the rapid detection of viable bacteria, its application in viruses is rare. Therefore, we analyzed the theoretical feasibility of applying this technology to the African swine fever virus (ASFV) in terms of gene and cell composition. Rapid infectious ASFV detection technology based on PMA pretreatment would greatly enhance all aspects of ASF prevention and control, such as epidemic monitoring, disinfection treatment, and drug development. The introduction of this technology will also greatly improve the ability to prevent and control ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Zeng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | - Bingxu Qian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Zong
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | - Wanqing Peng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Liao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
- Technology Center of Hefei Customs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei, China
| | | | - Xiaying Lv
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Ding
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Wang
- Technical Center of Hefei Customs, Hefei, China
| | | | - Yuan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Xue
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xue,
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Xue,
| | - Jianjun Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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33
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Cao S, Lu H, Wu Z, Zhu S. A duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR assay to distinguish the genotype I and II strains of African swine fever virus in Chinese epidemic strains. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:998874. [PMID: 36213412 PMCID: PMC9539676 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.998874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic and wild pigs. A recent study reported that both ASF virus (ASFV) genotypes I and II have invaded farm-raised pigs in China, causing chronic infection and morbidity. To develop a duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method to distinguish the ASFV genotypes I and II in Chinese epidemic strains, the probes and primers were designed based on the B646L sequences of genotypes I and II listed in the GenBank database. After optimizing the system, a duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR method for simultaneous detection of ASFV genotypes I and II B646L genes was successfully established. This method had no cross-reaction with Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), or Porcine Parvovirus (PPV), indicating that it has strong specificity. The sensitivity results indicated that the minimum detection limit of ASFV genotypes I and II B646L was 10 copies/Rxn. The inter- and intra-group coefficients of variation were both <3%, indicating that the method was highly reproducible. Therefore, the established duplex fluorescent quantitative PCR assay is important for the differential detection and epidemiological investigation of ASFV.
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34
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Zurita M, Martignette L, Barrera J, Carrie M, Piscatelli H, Hangman A, Brake D, Neilan J, Petrik D, Puckette M. Detection of African swine fever virus utilizing the portable MatMaCorp ASF detection system. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2600-2608. [PMID: 34871471 PMCID: PMC9786863 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has emerged as a major threat to domestic and wild suid populations, and its continued spread threatens commercial swine production worldwide. The causative agent of ASF, African swine fever virus (ASFV), possesses a linear, double stranded DNA genome. Traditional detection of ASFV relies on laboratory-based virus isolation or real-time PCR of samples, typically blood or spleen, obtained from suspect cases. While effective, these methodologies are not easily field deployable, a major limitation during disease outbreak and response management scenarios. In this report, we evaluated the MatMaCorp Solas 8® ASFV detection system, a field deployable DNA extraction and fluorescent detection device, for its ability to extract and detect ASFV from multiple sample types obtained from domestic swine experimentally infected with ASFV strain Georgia. We found that the MatMaCorp Solas 8® ASFV detection device, and affiliated MagicTip™ DNA extraction and C-SAND™ assay kits, readily detected ASFV in blood and spleen, as well as other sample types, including pinna, liver, skin, muscle and bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariceny Zurita
- SAIC (formerly with Leidos)Plum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | - Lauren Martignette
- SAIC (formerly with Leidos)Plum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | - Jose Barrera
- SAIC (formerly with Leidos)Plum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | | | | | | | - David Brake
- BioQuest Associates, LLCPlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | - John Neilan
- US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
| | | | - Michael Puckette
- US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology DirectoratePlum Island Animal Disease CenterGreenportNew York
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35
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Wang L, Fu D, Tesfagaber W, Li F, Chen W, Zhu Y, Sun E, Wang W, He X, Guo Y, Bu Z, Zhao D. Development of an ELISA Method to Differentiate Animals Infected with Wild-Type African Swine Fever Viruses and Attenuated HLJ/18-7GD Vaccine Candidate. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081731. [PMID: 36016353 PMCID: PMC9415487 DOI: 10.3390/v14081731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs, posing a significant threat to the world pig industry. Several researchers are investigating the possibilities for developing a safe and efficient vaccine against ASF. In this regard, significant progress has been made and some gene-deleted ASFVs are reported as potential live attenuated vaccines. A seven-gene-deleted live attenuated vaccine candidate HLJ/18-7GD (among which CD2v is included) has been developed in our laboratory and reported to be safe and protective, and it is expected to be commercialized in the near future. There is an urgent need for developing a diagnostic method that can clearly discriminate between wild-type-ASFV-infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA). In the present study, a dual indirect ELISA based on p54 and CD2v proteins was successfully established to specifically distinguish serum antibodies from pigs infected with wild-type ASFV or possessing vaccine immunization. To evaluate the performance of the assay, a total of 433 serum samples from four groups of pigs experimentally infected with the wild-type HLJ/18 ASFV, immunized with the HLJ/18-7GD vaccine candidate, infected with the new lower virulent variant, and specific-pathogen-free pigs were used. Our results showed that the positive rate of immunized serum was 96.54% (p54) and 2.83% (CD2v), and the positive rate of the infection by wild-type virus was 100% (p54) and 97.8% (CD2v). Similarly, the positive rate to infection by the new low-virulent ASFV variant in China was 100% (p54) and 0% (CD2v), indicating the technique was also able to distinguish antibodies from wild-type and the new low-virulent ASFV variant in China. Moreover, no cross-reaction was observed in immune sera from other swine pathogens, such as CSFV, PEDV, PRRSV, HP-PRRSV, PCV2, and PrV. Overall, the developed dual indirect ELISA exhibited high diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability and will provide a new approach to differentiate serum antibodies between wild virulent and CD2v-unexpressed ASFV infection, which will play a great role in serological diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring of ASF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weldu Tesfagaber
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yuanmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Encheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Wan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xijun He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Z.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Z.B.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Z.B.); (D.Z.)
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Immunobiological Characteristics of the Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Strain Katanga-350. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081630. [PMID: 35893695 PMCID: PMC9394480 DOI: 10.3390/v14081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the cause of a recent pandemic that is threatening the global pig industry. The virus infects domestic and wild pigs and manifests with a variety of clinical symptoms, depending on the strain. No commercial vaccine is currently available to protect animals from this virus, but some attenuated and recombinant live vaccine candidates might be effective against the disease. This article describes the immunobiological characteristics of one such candidate—the laboratory-attenuated ASFV strain, Katanga-350—which belongs to genotype I. In this study, we assessed clinical signs and post-mortem changes, the levels of viremia and the presence of viral DNA caused by injection of ASF virus strains Katanga-350, Lisbon-57, and Stavropol 08/01. Intramuscular injection of this strain protected 80% of pigs from a virulent strain of the same genotype and seroimmunotype (Lisbon-57). At least 50% of the surviving pigs received protection from subsequent intramuscular infection with a heterologous (genotype II, seroimmunotype VIII) virulent strain (Stavropol 08/01). Virus-specific antibodies were detectable in serum and saliva samples between 8–78 days after the first inoculation of the Katanga-350 strain (the observational period). The results suggested that this strain could serve as a basis for the development of a recombinant vaccine against ASF viruses belonging to seroimmunotype I.
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Yang L, Wang L, Lv M, Sun Y, Cao J. Clinical Validation of DNA Extraction-Free qPCR, Visual LAMP, and Fluorescent LAMP Assays for the Rapid Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1067. [PMID: 35888155 PMCID: PMC9320077 DOI: 10.3390/life12071067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pig industry and food safety are seriously threatened by outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF). To permit early diagnosis of African swine fever virus (ASFV), prevent its spread, and limit its outbreaks, a highly sensitive diagnostic method that can be performed at pig farms is required. Herein, we established DNA extraction-free real-time PCR (qPCR), visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and fluorescent LAMP assays, which were compared with the results of World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) qPCR to assess ASFV-infected clinical samples. Based on plasmid DNA, the limit of detection for the three assays and OIE qPCR were 5.8 copies/μL. All four assays had good ASFV specificity and showed no cross-reactivity with other tested viruses. These assays were used to diagnose 100 clinical samples. The assays showed good diagnostic consistency, with kappa values of 1.0, 0.84, and 0.88, respectively. Compared with OIE qPCR, the diagnostic specificity/sensitivity of DNA extraction-free qPCR, visual LAMP, and fluorescent LAMP assays were 100%/100%, 100%/87.1%, and 100%/90.32%, respectively. The assays eliminated the need for DNA extraction and are more suitable for ASF diagnosis by inexperienced farmers in low-resource environments, making them a good choice for on-site monitoring of pig farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102629, China;
| | - Meihui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
| | - Yu Sun
- China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jijuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China; (L.Y.); (M.L.)
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Wang S, Shen H, Lin Q, Huang J, Zhang C, Liu Z, Sun M, Zhang J, Liao M, Li Y, Zhang J. Development of a Cleaved Probe-Based Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of African Swine Fever Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:884430. [PMID: 35719327 PMCID: PMC9204333 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.884430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and lethal viral disease of pigs. However, commercial vaccines are not yet available, and neither are drugs to prevent or control ASF. Therefore, rapid, accurate on-site diagnosis is urgently needed for detection during the early stages of ASFV infection. Herein, a cleaved probe-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification (CP-LAMP) detection method was established. Based on the original primer sets, we targeted the ASFV 9GL gene sequence to design a probe harboring a ribonucleotide insertion. Ribonuclease H2 (RNase H2) enzyme activity can only be activated when the probe is perfectly complementary, resulting in hydrolytic release of a quencher moiety, and consequent signal amplification. The method displayed robust sensitivity, with copy number detection as low as 13 copies/µL within 40 min at constant temperature (62°C). Visualization of the fluorescence product was employed using a self-designed 3D-printed visualization function cassette, and the CP-LAMP method achieved specific identification and visual detection of ASFV. Moreover, coupling the dual function cassette and smartphone quantitation makes the CP-LAMP assay first user-friendly, cost-effective, portable, rapid, and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; The Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Qijie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; The Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for LingNan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, China
| | - Yugu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; The Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province; The Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Gao Q, Feng Y, Yang Y, Luo Y, Gong T, Wang H, Gong L, Zhang G, Zheng Z. Establishment of a Dual Real-Time PCR Assay for the Identification of African Swine Fever Virus Genotypes I and II in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:882824. [PMID: 35720851 PMCID: PMC9198542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.882824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first outbreak of ASFV genotype II in China in 2018, ASF has posed a significant threat to the swine industry. After the emergence of genotype I in China in 2020, the epidemic prevention and control have become more difficult. No effective commercial vaccine is currently available, and the disease is difficult to eradicate; therefore, the identification of the ASFV genotype is critical to establish biosafety control measures. In this study, a dual real-time PCR detection method based on B646L and E183L genes was developed to distinguish between ASFV genotypes I and II by specifically amplifying the genotype I E183L gene. The method is strongly specific, detects B646L and E183L genes simultaneously, and does not cross-react with PEDV, PCV, PRRSV, PRV, and CSFV. The double real-time PCR detection of ASFV genotypes I and II showed a B646L amplification curve, and only genotype I showed an E183L amplification curve, consistent with our expectations. The method has high sensitivity and the lowest copy numbers detected for recombinant plasmids B646L and E183L were 1.07 × 102 and 3.13 × 104 copies/μL, respectively. The method is reproducible, and the coefficient of variation for detecting the coefficient of variation (CV) values of the two recombinant plasmids was <2%. Seven samples were positive and 277 were negative, and the results of the two methods were consistent. The dual real-time PCR presented in this study provides a rapid detection method for the identification of ASFV genotypes I and II, which may lead to improving efficient prevention and control measures for ASF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhuo Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zezhong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- African Swine Fever Regional Laboratory of China, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center for African Swine Fever Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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African Swine Fever (ASF) Trend Analysis in Wild Boar in Poland (2014–2020). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091170. [PMID: 35565596 PMCID: PMC9105269 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary African swine fever (ASF) has been present in Poland since 2014. The article describes and explains the changes in the ASF epidemic in the wild boar population in the period 2014–2020. In that relatively short time, the disease has spread to about half of the territory of Poland, affecting eastern and western provinces. Most ASF-positive animals were molecular/virus-positive, however, the observation of the increase of serologically positive animals (potential survivors) in successive years of the epidemic, especially in areas where the virus has been present for a longer time, may indicate the potential beginning of ASF endemicity in Poland. Abstract African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of Suidae, i.e., domestic pigs and wild boars. The disease was introduced to Poland in 2014 and is now present in the wild boar population. Appropriate ASF prevention requires further research for answers to fundamental questions about the importance of vectors in virus transmission, the impact of environmental factors on the presence of ASFV in wild boar habitats, and the role of survivors as potential virus carriers and their part in the potential endemicity of ASF. In order to analyze the changes in the molecular and serological prevalence of ASFV in wild boar population in Poland, real-time PCR and ELISA/IPT tests were conducted. In the analyzed period (2014–2020), most of the ASF-positive wild boars were molecular/virus-positive, however, over the years the percentage and the number of seropositive animals has increased. At the beginning of the epidemic, the disease was limited to a small area of the country. Since then, it has spread to new provinces of Poland. From the beginning and until today, most notifications of ASF-positive wild boars were for carcasses (passive surveillance), however, the number of serologically positive animals is still increasing. Despite the fact that notifications of ASF outbreaks are still being received near the eastern border of Poland, the old ASF area seems to be limited mainly to ASF serologically positive animals, which may indicate the beginning of ASF endemicity in Poland.
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Havas KA, Gogin AE, Basalaeva JV, Sindryakova IP, Kolbasova OL, Titov IA, Lyska VM, Morgunov SY, Vlasov ME, Sevskikh TA, Pivova EY, Kudrjashov DA, Doolittle K, Zimmerman S, Witbeck W, Gimenez-Lirola LG, Nerem J, Spronk GD, Zimmerman JJ, Sereda AD. An Assessment of Diagnostic Assays and Sample Types in the Detection of an Attenuated Genotype 5 African Swine Fever Virus in European Pigs over a 3-Month Period. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040404. [PMID: 35456079 PMCID: PMC9027431 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus causes hemorrhagic disease in swine. Attenuated strains are reported in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Few studies on the diagnostic detection of attenuated ASF viruses are available. Two groups of pigs were inoculated with an attenuated ASFV. Group 2 was also vaccinated with an attenuated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine. Commercially available ELISA, as well as extraction and qPCR assays, were used to detect antibodies in serum and oral fluids (OF) and nucleic acid in buccal swabs, tonsillar scrapings, OF, and blood samples collected over 93 days, respectively. After 12 dpi, serum (88.9% to 90.9%) in Group 1 was significantly better for antibody detection than OF (0.7% to 68.4%). Group 1′s overall qPCR detection was highest in blood (48.7%) and OF (44.2%), with the highest detection in blood (85.2%) from 8 to 21 days post inoculation (dpi) and in OF (83.3%) from 1 to 7 dpi. Group 2′s results were not significantly different from Group 1, but detection rates were lower overall. Early detection of attenuated ASFV variants requires active surveillance in apparently healthy animals and is only reliable at the herd level. Likewise, antibody testing will be needed to prove freedom from disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn A. Havas
- Pipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN 56164, USA; (J.N.); (G.D.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey E. Gogin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | | | - Irina P. Sindryakova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Olga L. Kolbasova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ilya A. Titov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Valentina M. Lyska
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Sergey Y. Morgunov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Mikhail E. Vlasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Timofey A. Sevskikh
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Elena Y. Pivova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kudrjashov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Kent Doolittle
- IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA; (K.D.); (S.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Silvia Zimmerman
- IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA; (K.D.); (S.Z.); (W.W.)
| | - Wendy Witbeck
- IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME 04092, USA; (K.D.); (S.Z.); (W.W.)
| | | | - Joel Nerem
- Pipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN 56164, USA; (J.N.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Gordon D. Spronk
- Pipestone Research, Pipestone Holdings, Pipestone, MN 56164, USA; (J.N.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Alexey D. Sereda
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology (FRCVM), 601125 Volginsky, Russia; (A.E.G.); (I.P.S.); (O.L.K.); (I.A.T.); (V.M.L.); (S.Y.M.); (M.E.V.); (T.A.S.); (E.Y.P.); (D.A.K.); (A.D.S.)
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Wei R, Wang X, Liu X, Guo C. Chlorine Dioxide Inhibits African Swine Fever Virus by Blocking Viral Attachment and Destroying Viral Nucleic Acids and Proteins. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:844058. [PMID: 35372537 PMCID: PMC8968399 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.844058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease and provokes severe economic losses and health threats. At present no effective vaccine or treatment is available to prevent or cure ASF. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs against ASF virus (ASFV). Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), an ideal biocide, has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and no drug resistance. Here, we found that ClO2 strongly inhibited ASFV replication in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The inhibitory effect of ClO2 occurred during viral attachment rather than entry, indicating that ClO2 suppressed the early stage of virus life cycle. ClO2 showed a potent anti-ASFV effect when added either before, simultaneously with, or after virus infection. Furthermore, ClO2 could destroy viral nucleic acids and proteins, which may contribute to its capacity of inactivating ASFV virions. The minimum concentration of degradation of ASFV nucleic acids by ClO2 is 1.2 μg/mL, and the degradation is a temperature-dependent manner. These have guiding significance for ClO2 prevention and control of ASFV infection in pig farms. In addition, ClO2 decreased the expression of ASFV-induced inflammatory cytokines. Overall, our findings suggest that ClO2 may be an ideal candidate for the development of novel anti-ASFV prophylactic and therapeutic drugs in swine industry.
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Signal-enhanced visual strand exchange amplification detection of African swine fever virus by the introduction of multimeric G-quadruplex/hemin DNAzyme. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:675-682. [DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Establishment of a Direct PCR Assay for Simultaneous Differential Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever Using Crude Tissue Samples. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030498. [PMID: 35336904 PMCID: PMC8948687 DOI: 10.3390/v14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF) are contagious swine diseases that are clinically indistinguishable from each other; hence, reliable test methods for accurate diagnosis and differentiation are highly demanded. By employing a buffer system suitable for crude extraction of nucleic acids together with an impurity-tolerant enzyme, we established a multiplex assay of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for simultaneous detection of ASF virus (ASFV), CSF virus (CSFV) and swine internal control derived genes in a sample without the need for prior purification of viral nucleic acids. We applied this method to test serum and tissue samples of infected pigs and wild boars and compared the statistical sensitivities and specificities with those of standard molecular diagnostic methods. When a serum was used as a test material, the newly established assay showed 94.4% sensitivity for both and 97.9 and 91.9% specificity for ASFV and CSFV detection, respectively. In contrast, the results were 100% identical with those obtained by the standard methods when a crude tissue homogenate was used as a test material. The present data indicate that this new assay offers a practical, quick, and reliable technique for differential diagnosis of ASF and CSF where geographical occurrences are increasingly overlapping.
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Pikalo J, Carrau T, Deutschmann P, Fischer M, Schlottau K, Beer M, Blome S. Performance Characteristics of Real-Time PCRs for African Swine Fever Virus Genome Detection—Comparison of Twelve Kits to an OIE-Recommended Method. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020220. [PMID: 35215814 PMCID: PMC8875665 DOI: 10.3390/v14020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a major threat to pig production, and real-time PCR (qPCR) protocols are an integral part of ASF laboratory diagnosis. With the pandemic spread of ASF, commercial kits have risen on the market. In Germany, the kits have to go through an approval process and thus, general validation can be assumed. However, they have never been compared to each other. In this study, 12 commercial PCR kits were compared to an OIE-recommended method. Samples representing different matrices, genome loads, and genotypes were included in a panel that was tested under diagnostic conditions. The comparison included user-friendliness, internal controls, and the time required. All qPCRs were able to detect ASFV genome in different matrices across all genotypes and disease courses. With one exception, there were no significant differences when comparing the overall mean. The overall specificity was 100% (95% CI 87.66–100), and the sensitivity was between 95% and 100% (95% CI 91.11–100). As can be expected, variability concerned samples with low genome load. To conclude, all tests were fit for purpose. The test system can therefore be chosen based on compatibility and prioritization of the internal control system.
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Wei N, Zheng B, Niu J, Chen T, Ye J, Si Y, Cao S. Rapid Detection of Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus Using CRISPR Cas13a-Based Lateral Flow Strip. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020179. [PMID: 35215773 PMCID: PMC8879322 DOI: 10.3390/v14020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a dsDNA virus that can cause serious, highly infectious, and fatal diseases in wild boars and domestic pigs. The ASFV has brought enormous economic loss to many countries, and no effective vaccine or treatment for the ASFV is currently available. Therefore, the on-site rapid and accurate detection of the ASFV is key to the timely implementation of control. The RNA-guided, RNA-targeting CRISPR effector CRISPR-associated 13 (Cas13a; previously known as C2c2) exhibits a “collateral effect” of promiscuous RNase activity upon the target recognition. The collateral cleavage activity of LwCas13a is activated to degrade the non-targeted RNA, when the crRNA of LwCas13a binds to the target RNA. In this study, we developed a rapid and sensitive ASFV detection method based on the collateral cleavage activity of LwCas13a, which combines recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and a lateral flow strip (named CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD). The method was an isothermal detection at 37 °C, and the detection can be used for visual readout. The detection limit of the CRISPR/Cas13a-LFD was 101 copies/µL of p72 gene per reaction, and the detection process can be completed within an hour. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to eight other swine viruses, including classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and has a 100% coincidence rate with real-time PCR detection of the ASFV in 83 clinical samples. Overall, this method is sensitive, specific, and practicable onsite for the ASFV detection, showing a great application potential for monitoring the ASFV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bohan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junjun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youhui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (N.W.); (B.Z.); (J.N.); (T.C.); (J.Y.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (S.C.)
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Netherton CL, Goatley LC, Flannery J, Ashby M, Batten C. Laboratory Diagnosis and Quantification of African Swine Fever Virus Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2503:95-104. [PMID: 35575888 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2333-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the tool of choice for the diagnostic laboratory and is a robust and easily scalable method for the researcher analyzing viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. In this chapter, we describe protocols for both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and non-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (real-time PCR) for the detection of African swine fever virus genome in a range of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynnette C Goatley
- African Swine Fever Vaccinology Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - John Flannery
- Non-vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Martin Ashby
- Non-vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Carrie Batten
- Non-vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK.
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48
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Pereira De Oliveira R, Vial L, Le Potier MF. Quantification of ASFV DNA and RNA in Ornithodoros Soft Ticks. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2503:105-118. [PMID: 35575889 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2333-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biology methods are highly sensitive to detect the genome of pathogens and to study their biology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription followed by a polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) permit the detection of the presence and the replication of African swine fever virus in soft ticks. Here, we described our techniques to detect and quantify DNA and RNA of African swine fever virus in soft ticks including a housekeeping gene of soft ticks as internal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Pereira De Oliveira
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), CIRAD-INRAE-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané/Niort, ANSES, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Laurence Vial
- UMR Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risque et Ecosystèmes (ASTRE), CIRAD-INRAE-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Wan Y, Shi Z, Peng G, Wang L, Luo J, Ru Y, Zhou G, Ma Y, Song R, Yang B, Cao L, Tian H, Zheng H. Development and application of a colloidal-gold dual immunochromatography strip for detecting African swine fever virus antibodies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:799-810. [PMID: 34939134 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). Currently, there is no vaccine against ASF worldwide, and no effective treatment measures are available. For this reason, developing a simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive serological detection method for ASFV antibodies is crucial for the prevention and control of ASF. In this study, a 1:1 mixture of gold-labeled p30 and p72 probes was used as the gold-labeled antigen. The p30 and p72 proteins and their monoclonal antibodies were coated on a nitrocellulose membrane (NC) as a test (T) line and control (C) line, respectively. A colloidal-gold dual immunochromatography strip (ICS) for ASFV p30 and p72 protein antibodies was established. The results showed that the colloidal-gold dual ICS could specifically detect ASFV antibodies within 5-10 min. There was no cross-reaction after testing healthy pig serum; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), foot-and-mouth disease type A virus (FMDV-A), foot-and-mouth disease type O virus (FMDV-O), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) positive sera. A positive result was obtained only for the positive control P1. The sensitivity of the test strips was 1:256, which was equivalent to that of commercially ELISA kits. Their coincidence rate with the two commercial ASFV ELISA antibodies detection kits was higher than 98%. The test strips were stably stored at 18-25 °C and 4 °C for 4 and 6 months, respectively. The colloidal-gold dual ICS prepared in this study had high sensitivity and specificity and were characterized by rapid detection, simple operation, and easy interpretation of results. Therefore, they are of great significance to diagnose, prevent, and control African swine fever. KEY POINTS: • We establish an antibody detection that is quick and can monitor an ASF infection. • We observe changes in two protein antibodies to dynamically monitor ASF infection. • We use diversified detection on a single test strip to detect both antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhengwang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Gaochaung Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Juncong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Gaijing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Liyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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50
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Barasona JA, Cadenas-Fernández E, Kosowska A, Barroso-Arévalo S, Rivera B, Sánchez R, Porras N, Gallardo C, Sánchez-Vizcaíno JM. Safety of African Swine Fever Vaccine Candidate Lv17/WB/Rie1 in Wild Boar: Overdose and Repeated Doses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761753. [PMID: 34917082 PMCID: PMC8669561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar. Outbreaks of ASF have grown considerably in the last decade causing important economic consequences for the swine industry. Its control is hampered by the lack of an effective treatment or vaccine. In Europe, the wild boar is a key wild reservoir for ASF. The results of the oral vaccination trial of wild boar with Lv17/WB/Rie1 are hope for this problem. However, this vaccine candidate has certain safety concerns, since it is a naturally attenuated vaccine. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate the safety of this vaccine candidate in terms of overdose (high dose) and repeated doses (revaccination) in wild boar. Low-dose orally vaccinated animals developed only a slight transient fever after vaccination and revaccination. This was also the case for most of the high-dose vaccinated wild boar, except for one of them which succumbed after revaccination. Although this fatality was related to hierarchical fights between animals, we consider that further studies are required for clarification. Considering these new results and the current epidemiological situation of ASF in wild boar, this vaccine prototype is a promising tool for the control of the disease in these wild populations, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Barasona
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Kosowska
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Barroso-Arévalo
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rivera
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Sánchez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Porras
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmina Gallardo
- European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Sánchez-Vizcaíno
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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