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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Brown RB, Tozer DJ, Loubière L, Harshfield EL, Hong YT, Fryer TD, Williams GB, Graves MJ, Aigbirhio FI, O'Brien JT, Markus HS. MINocyclinE to Reduce inflammation and blood-brain barrier leakage in small Vessel diseAse (MINERVA): A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental medicine trial. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3852-3863. [PMID: 38629936 PMCID: PMC11180856 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of stroke/vascular dementia with few effective treatments. Neuroinflammation and increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability may influence pathogenesis. In rodent models, minocycline reduced inflammation/BBB permeability. We determined whether minocycline had a similar effect in patients with SVD. METHODS MINERVA was a single-center, phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-four participants with moderate-to-severe SVD took minocycline or placebo for 3 months. Co-primary outcomes were microglial signal (determined using 11C-PK11195 positron emission tomography) and BBB permeability (using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI). RESULTS Forty-four participants were recruited between September 2019 and June 2022. Minocycline had no effect on 11C-PK11195 binding (relative risk [RR] 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.04), or BBB permeability (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.91-1.03). Serum inflammatory markers were not affected. DISCUSSION 11C-PK11195 binding and increased BBB permeability are present in SVD; minocycline did not reduce either process. Whether these pathophysiological mechanisms are disease-causing remains unclear. INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY PORTAL IDENTIFIER ISRCTN15483452 HIGHLIGHTS: We found focal areas of increased microglial signal and increased blood-brain barrier permeability in patients with small vessel disease. Minocycline treatment was not associated with a change in these processes measured using advanced neuroimaging. Blood-brain barrier permeability was dynamic but MRI-derived measurements correlated well with CSF/serum albumin ratio. Advanced neuroimaging is a feasible outcome measure for mechanistic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin B. Brown
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Daniel J. Tozer
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Laurence Loubière
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Young T. Hong
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tim D. Fryer
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Guy B. Williams
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Martin J. Graves
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Franklin I. Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Hugh S. Markus
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Todorov-Völgyi K, González-Gallego J, Müller SA, Beaufort N, Malik R, Schifferer M, Todorov MI, Crusius D, Robinson S, Schmidt A, Körbelin J, Bareyre F, Ertürk A, Haass C, Simons M, Paquet D, Lichtenthaler SF, Dichgans M. Proteomics of mouse brain endothelium uncovers dysregulation of vesicular transport pathways during aging. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:595-612. [PMID: 38519806 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Age-related decline in brain endothelial cell (BEC) function contributes critically to neurological disease. Comprehensive atlases of the BEC transcriptome have become available, but results from proteomic profiling are lacking. To gain insights into endothelial pathways affected by aging, we developed a magnetic-activated cell sorting-based mouse BEC enrichment protocol compatible with proteomics and resolved the profiles of protein abundance changes during aging. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed a segregation of age-related protein dynamics with biological functions, including a downregulation of vesicle-mediated transport. We found a dysregulation of key regulators of endocytosis and receptor recycling (most prominently Arf6), macropinocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In gene deletion and overexpression experiments, Arf6 affected endocytosis pathways in endothelial cells. Our approach uncovered changes not picked up by transcriptomic studies, such as accumulation of vesicle cargo and receptor ligands, including Apoe. Proteomic analysis of BECs from Apoe-deficient mice revealed a signature of accelerated aging. Our findings provide a resource for analysing BEC function during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Todorov-Völgyi
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Judit González-Gallego
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience (GSN), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Crusius
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Robinson
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience (GSN), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andree Schmidt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florence Bareyre
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Paquet
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Floare ML, Wharton SB, Simpson JE, Aeschlimann D, Hoggard N, Hadjivassiliou M. Cerebellar degeneration in gluten ataxia is linked to microglial activation. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae078. [PMID: 38510211 PMCID: PMC10953628 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gluten sensitivity has long been recognized exclusively for its gastrointestinal involvement; however, more recent research provides evidence for the existence of neurological manifestations that can appear in combination with or independent of the small bowel manifestations. Amongst all neurological manifestations of gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia is the most commonly occurring one, accounting for up to 40% of cases of idiopathic sporadic ataxia. However, despite its prevalence, its neuropathological basis is still poorly defined. Here, we provide a neuropathological characterization of gluten ataxia and compare the presence of neuroinflammatory markers glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, major histocompatibility complex II and cluster of differentiation 68 in the central nervous system of four gluten ataxia cases to five ataxia controls and seven neurologically healthy controls. Our results demonstrate that severe cerebellar atrophy, cluster of differentiation 20+ and cluster of differentiation 8+ lymphocytic infiltration in the cerebellar grey and white matter and a significant upregulation of microglial immune activation in the cerebellar granular layer, molecular layer and cerebellar white matter are features of gluten ataxia, providing evidence for the involvement of both cellular and humoral immune-mediated processes in gluten ataxia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara-Luciana Floare
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Daniel Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology and Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Academic Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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Cooper CG, Kafetzis KN, Patabendige A, Tagalakis AD. Blood-brain barrier disruption in dementia: Nano-solutions as new treatment options. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1359-1385. [PMID: 38154805 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Candidate drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS) demonstrate extremely low clinical success rates, with more than 98% of potential treatments being discontinued due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Neurological conditions were shown to be the second leading cause of death globally in 2016, with the number of people currently affected by neurological disorders increasing rapidly. This increasing trend, along with an inability to develop BBB permeating drugs, is presenting a major hurdle in the treatment of CNS-related disorders, like dementia. To overcome this, it is necessary to understand the structure and function of the BBB, including the transport of molecules across its interface in both healthy and pathological conditions. The use of CNS drug carriers is rapidly gaining popularity in CNS research due to their ability to target BBB transport systems. Further research and development of drug delivery vehicles could provide essential information that can be used to develop novel treatments for neurological conditions. This review discusses the BBB and its transport systems and evaluates the potential of using nanoparticle-based delivery systems as drug carriers for CNS disease with a focus on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adjanie Patabendige
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aristides D Tagalakis
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Iskusnykh IY, Zakharova AA, Kryl’skii ED, Popova TN. Aging, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Cerebellum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1018. [PMID: 38256091 PMCID: PMC10815822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An important part of the central nervous system (CNS), the cerebellum is involved in motor control, learning, reflex adaptation, and cognition. Diminished cerebellar function results in the motor and cognitive impairment observed in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), and multiple sclerosis (MS), and even during the normal aging process. In most neurodegenerative disorders, impairment mainly occurs as a result of morphological changes over time, although during the early stages of some disorders such as AD, the cerebellum also serves a compensatory function. Biological aging is accompanied by changes in cerebellar circuits, which are predominantly involved in motor control. Despite decades of research, the functional contributions of the cerebellum and the underlying molecular mechanisms in aging and neurodegenerative disorders remain largely unknown. Therefore, this review will highlight the molecular and cellular events in the cerebellum that are disrupted during the process of aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. We believe that deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cerebellum during aging and the development of neurodegenerative disorders will be essential for the design of new effective strategies for neuroprotection and the alleviation of some neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Y. Iskusnykh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anastasia A. Zakharova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov St. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgenii D. Kryl’skii
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
| | - Tatyana N. Popova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Sq. 1, Voronezh 394018, Russia; (E.D.K.)
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7
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Acharya NK, Grossman HC, Clifford PM, Levin EC, Light KR, Choi H, Swanson Ii RL, Kosciuk MC, Venkataraman V, Libon DJ, Matzel LD, Nagele RG. A Chronic Increase in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Facilitates Intraneuronal Deposition of Exogenous Bloodborne Amyloid-Beta1-42 Peptide in the Brain and Leads to Alzheimer's Disease-Relevant Cognitive Changes in a Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:163-186. [PMID: 38393907 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides (especially Aβ1-42) (Aβ42) have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the nature of their involvement in AD-related neuropathological changes leading to cognitive changes remains poorly understood. Objective To test the hypothesis that chronic extravasation of bloodborne Aβ42 peptide and brain-reactive autoantibodies and their entry into the brain parenchyma via a permeable BBB contribute to AD-related pathological changes and cognitive changes in a mouse model. Methods The BBB was rendered chronically permeable through repeated injections of Pertussis toxin (PT), and soluble monomeric, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled or unlabeled Aβ42 was injected into the tail-vein of 10-month-old male CD1 mice at designated intervals spanning ∼3 months. Acquisition of learned behaviors and long-term retention were assessed via a battery of cognitive and behavioral tests and linked to neuropathological changes. Results Mice injected with both PT and Aβ42 demonstrated a preferential deficit in the capacity for long-term retention and an increased susceptibility to interference in selective attention compared to mice exposed to PT or saline only. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased BBB permeability and entry of bloodborne Aβ42 and immunoglobulin G (IgG) into the brain parenchyma, selective neuronal binding of IgG and neuronal accumulation of Aβ42 in animals injected with both PT and Aβ42 compared to controls. Conclusion Results highlight the potential synergistic role of BBB compromise and the influx of bloodborne Aβ42 into the brain in both the initiation and progression of neuropathologic and cognitive changes associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish K Acharya
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging (NJISA), Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Henya C Grossman
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter M Clifford
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- HNL Lab Medicine, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Eli C Levin
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Kenneth R Light
- Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hana Choi
- Rowan-Virtua Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Randel L Swanson Ii
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Rehab Medicine Service, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary C Kosciuk
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Venkat Venkataraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Academic and Student Affairs, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - David J Libon
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Louis D Matzel
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert G Nagele
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Biomarker Discovery Center, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging (NJISA), Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Stratford, NJ, USA
- Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
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Hunt AL, Khan I, Wu AML, Makohon-Moore SC, Hood BL, Conrads KA, Abulez T, Ogata J, Mitchell D, Gist G, Oliver J, Wei D, Chung MA, Rahman S, Bateman NW, Zhang W, Conrads TP, Steeg PS. The murine metastatic microenvironment of experimental brain metastases of breast cancer differs by host age in vivo: a proteomic study. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023:10.1007/s10585-023-10233-7. [PMID: 37917186 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer in young patients is known to exhibit more aggressive biological behavior and is associated with a less favorable prognosis than the same disease in older patients, owing in part to an increased incidence of brain metastases. The mechanistic explanations behind these findings remain poorly understood. We recently reported that young mice, in comparison to older mice, developed significantly greater brain metastases in four mouse models of triple-negative and luminal B breast cancer. Here we have performed a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to identify proteins potentially contributing to age-related disparities in the development of breast cancer brain metastases. Using a mouse hematogenous model of brain-tropic triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231BR), we harvested subpopulations of tumor metastases, the tumor-adjacent metastatic microenvironment, and uninvolved brain tissues via laser microdissection followed by quantitative proteomic analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize differentially abundant proteins potentially contributing to age-dependent rates of brain metastasis. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in signaling pathways, particularly in the metastatic microenvironment, modulating tumorigenesis, metabolic processes, inflammation, and neuronal signaling. Tenascin C (TNC) was significantly elevated in all laser microdissection (LMD) enriched compartments harvested from young mice relative to older hosts, which was validated and confirmed by immunoblot analysis of whole brain lysates. Additional in vitro studies including migration and wound-healing assays demonstrated TNC as a positive regulator of tumor cell migration. These results provide important new insights regarding microenvironmental factors, including TNC, as mechanisms contributing to the increased brain cancer metastatic phenotype observed in young breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Hunt
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Annandale, VA, 22042, USA
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alex M L Wu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Zymeworks Inc, Vancouver, BC, V5T 1G4, Canada
| | - Sasha C Makohon-Moore
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Brian L Hood
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Tamara Abulez
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Jonathan Ogata
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Dave Mitchell
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Glenn Gist
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Julie Oliver
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Debbie Wei
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Monika A Chung
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Samiur Rahman
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 100, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Department of Surgery, The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Women's Service Line, Inova Health System, 3289 Woodburn Rd, Annandale, VA, 22042, USA.
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence and the Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The John P. Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Uniformed Services University, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 1126, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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9
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Yuan H, Sun D, Ji Y, Meng B, Lu B, Liu R, Xing X, Wang R, Chen J. Pericyte loss impairs the blood-brain barrier and cognitive function in aged mice after anesthesia/surgery. Brain Res Bull 2023; 204:110799. [PMID: 38867419 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to investigate the role of pericytes in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). METHODS In this study, we established a PND model via sevoflurane anesthesia and tibial fracture surgery in 2-month-old and 16-month-old male C57BL/6 mice. On the third postoperative day, the mice were subjected to behavioral testing or sacrificed to collect brain tissue. The progression of hippocampal blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuroinflammation was detected using transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence. We also used western blotting to measure the levels of plasma-derived protein immunoglobulin G (IgG) and albumin in the hippocampus to assess the leakage of the BBB. RESULTS Aged mice did not experience age-related cognitive decline and BBB disruption compared with younger mice but only increased glial cell activity. Anesthesia/Surgery damaged cognitive function, reduced pericyte coverage, decreased the length of capillaries and levels of occludin and claudin-5, destroyed the structure of the BBB, exacerbated IgG and albumin accumulation in the hippocampus, and enhanced the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus of aged mice. However, these negative effects did not occur in young mice. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the loss of pericytes led to increased BBB permeability and neuroinflammation after anesthesia/surgery in aged mice, ultimately resulting in cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Daofan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yiqin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rongjun Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Xiuzhong Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Ruichun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Junping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China; Department of Pain, Ningbo NO. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China.
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10
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Zhao N, Chung TD, Guo Z, Jamieson JJ, Liang L, Linville RM, Pessell AF, Wang L, Searson PC. The influence of physiological and pathological perturbations on blood-brain barrier function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1289894. [PMID: 37937070 PMCID: PMC10626523 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1289894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is located at the interface between the vascular system and the brain parenchyma, and is responsible for communication with systemic circulation and peripheral tissues. During life, the BBB can be subjected to a wide range of perturbations or stresses that may be endogenous or exogenous, pathological or therapeutic, or intended or unintended. The risk factors for many diseases of the brain are multifactorial and involve perturbations that may occur simultaneously (e.g., two-hit model for Alzheimer's disease) and result in different outcomes. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of individual perturbations on BBB function in isolation. Here we review the effects of eight perturbations: mechanical forces, temperature, electromagnetic radiation, hypoxia, endogenous factors, exogenous factors, chemical factors, and pathogens. While some perturbations may result in acute or chronic BBB disruption, many are also exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The resultant outcome on BBB function depends on the dose (or magnitude) and duration of the perturbation. Homeostasis may be restored by self-repair, for example, via processes such as proliferation of affected cells or angiogenesis to create new vasculature. Transient or sustained BBB dysfunction may result in acute or pathological symptoms, for example, microhemorrhages or hypoperfusion. In more extreme cases, perturbations may lead to cytotoxicity and cell death, for example, through exposure to cytotoxic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tracy D. Chung
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John J. Jamieson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lily Liang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Raleigh M. Linville
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alex F. Pessell
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Linus Wang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter C. Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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11
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Lee JM, Lee JH, Kim SH, Sim TH, Kim YJ. NXP032 ameliorates cognitive impairment by alleviating the neurovascular aging process in aged mouse brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8594. [PMID: 37237085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is well known to be associated with the breakdown of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and linked to higher cognitive dysfunction. Oxidative stress is believed to be a significant cause of the vascular aging process. Vitamin C is easily oxidized under physiological conditions, so it loses its potent antioxidant activity. We developed a DNA aptamer that enhances the function of vitamin C. NXP032 is the binding form of the aptamer and vitamin C. In this study, we investigated the effect of NXP032 on neurovascular stabilization through the changes of PECAM-1, PDGFR-β, ZO-1, laminin, and glial cells involved in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in aged mice. NXP032 was orally administered daily for 8 weeks. Compared to young mice and NXP032-treated mice, 20-month-old mice displayed cognitive impairments in Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. NXP032 treatment contributed to reducing the BBB damage by attenuating the fragmentation of microvessels and reducing PDGFR-β, ZO-1, and laminin expression, thereby mitigating astrocytes and microglia activation during normal aging. Based on the results, we suggest that NXP032 reduces vascular aging and may be a novel intervention for aging-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Lee
- Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy, Daejeon, 34059, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeok Sim
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Kim S, Sharma C, Jung UJ, Kim SR. Pathophysiological Role of Microglial Activation Induced by Blood-Borne Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051383. [PMID: 37239054 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts entry of neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens into the brain, leading to proper neuronal functioning. BBB impairment leads to blood-borne protein infiltration such as prothrombin, thrombin, prothrombin kringle-2, fibrinogen, fibrin, and other harmful substances. Thus, microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators commence, resulting in neuronal damage and leading to impaired cognition via neuroinflammatory responses, which are important features observed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Moreover, these blood-borne proteins cluster with the amyloid beta plaque in the brain, exacerbating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and oxidative stress. These mechanisms work in concert and reinforce each other, contributing to the typical pathological changes in AD in the brain. Therefore, the identification of blood-borne proteins and the mechanisms involved in microglial activation and neuroinflammatory damage can be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD prevention. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation caused by the influx of blood-borne proteins into the brain via BBB disruption. Subsequently, the mechanisms of drugs that inhibit blood-borne proteins, as a potential therapeutic approach for AD, along with the limitations and potential challenges of these approaches, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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13
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Budamagunta V, Kumar A, Rani A, Bean L, Manohar‐Sindhu S, Yang Y, Zhou D, Foster TC. Effect of peripheral cellular senescence on brain aging and cognitive decline. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13817. [PMID: 36959691 PMCID: PMC10186609 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We examine similar and differential effects of two senolytic treatments, ABT-263 and dasatinib + quercetin (D + Q), in preserving cognition, markers of peripheral senescence, and markers of brain aging thought to underlie cognitive decline. Male F344 rats were treated from 12 to 18 months of age with D + Q, ABT-263, or vehicle, and were compared to young (6 months). Both senolytic treatments rescued memory, preserved the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and prevented the age-related decline in hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function associated with impaired cognition. Senolytic treatments decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the plasma (IL-1β, IP-10, and RANTES), with some markers more responsive to D + Q (TNFα) or ABT-263 (IFNγ, leptin, EGF). ABT-263 was more effective in decreasing senescence genes in the spleen. Both senolytic treatments decreased the expression of immune response and oxidative stress genes and increased the expression of synaptic genes in the dentate gyrus (DG). However, D + Q influenced twice as many genes as ABT-263. Relative to D + Q, the ABT-263 group exhibited increased expression of DG genes linked to cell death and negative regulation of apoptosis and microglial cell activation. Furthermore, D + Q was more effective at decreasing morphological markers of microglial activation. The results indicate that preserved cognition was associated with the removal of peripheral senescent cells, decreasing systemic inflammation that normally drives neuroinflammation, BBB breakdown, and impaired synaptic function. Dissimilarities associated with brain transcription indicate divergence in central mechanisms, possibly due to differential access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Budamagunta
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Linda Bean
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Sahana Manohar‐Sindhu
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of PharmacyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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14
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Noel RL, Batts AJ, Ji R, Pouliopoulos AN, Bae S, Kline-Schoder AR, Konofagou EE. Natural aging and Alzheimer's disease pathology increase susceptibility to focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6757. [PMID: 37185578 PMCID: PMC10130033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused Ultrasound (FUS) paired with systemically-injected microbubbles (μB) is capable of transiently opening the blood-brain barrier (BBBO) for noninvasive and targeted drug delivery to the brain. FUS-BBBO is also capable of modulating the neuroimmune system, further qualifying its therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Natural aging and AD impose significant strain on the brain and particularly the BBB, modifying its structure and subsequently, its functionality. The emerging focus on treating neurodegenerative diseases with FUS-BBBO necessitates an investigation into the extent that age and AD affect the BBB's response to FUS. FUS-BBBO was performed with a 1.5-MHz, geometrically focused transducer operated at 450 kPa and paired with a bolus microbubble injection of 8 × 108 μB/mL. Here we quantify the BBBO, BBB closing (BBBC) timeline, and BBB permeability (BBBP) following FUS-BBBO in male mice with and without AD pathology, aged 10 weeks, one year, or two years. The data presented herein indicates that natural aging and AD pathology may increase initial BBBO volume by up to 34.4% and 40.7% respectively, extend BBBC timeline by up to 1.3 and 1.5 days respectively, and increase BBBP as measured by average Ktrans values up to 80% and 86.1% respectively in male mice. This characterization of the BBB response to FUS-BBBO with age and AD further clarifies the nature and extent of the functional impact of these factors and may offer new considerations for planning FUS-BBBO interventions in aged and AD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Noel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - A J Batts
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - R Ji
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A N Pouliopoulos
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S Bae
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A R Kline-Schoder
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - E E Konofagou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, Mail Code 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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15
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Aging decreases docosahexaenoic acid transport across the blood-brain barrier in C57BL/6J mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281946. [PMID: 36795730 PMCID: PMC9934487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are actively taken up by the brain via various transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A lack of specific nutrients in the aged brain, including decreased levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction. To compensate for decreased brain DHA, orally supplied DHA must be transported from the circulating blood to the brain across the BBB through transport carriers, including major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2a (MFSD2A) and fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) that transport esterified and non-esterified DHA, respectively. Although it is known that the integrity of the BBB is altered during aging, the impact of aging on DHA transport across the BBB has not been fully elucidated. We used 2-, 8-, 12-, and 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice to evaluate brain uptake of [14C]DHA, as the non-esterified form, using an in situ transcardiac brain perfusion technique. Primary culture of rat brain endothelial cells (RBECs) was used to evaluate the effect of siRNA-mediated MFSD2A knockdown on cellular uptake of [14C]DHA. We observed that the 12- and 24-month-old mice exhibited significant reductions in brain uptake of [14C]DHA and decreased MFSD2A protein expression in the brain microvasculature compared with that of the 2-month-old mice; nevertheless, FABP5 protein expression was up-regulated with age. Brain uptake of [14C]DHA was inhibited by excess unlabeled DHA in 2-month-old mice. Transfection of MFSD2A siRNA into RBECs decreased the MFSD2A protein expression levels by 30% and reduced cellular uptake of [14C]DHA by 20%. These results suggest that MFSD2A is involved in non-esterified DHA transport at the BBB. Therefore, the decreased DHA transport across the BBB that occurs with aging could be due to age-related down-regulation of MFSD2A rather than FABP5.
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16
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Gudkov SV, Burmistrov DE, Kondakova EV, Sarimov RM, Yarkov RS, Franceschi C, Vedunova MV. An emerging role of astrocytes in aging/neuroinflammation and gut-brain axis with consequences on sleep and sleep disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101775. [PMID: 36334910 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system has changed dramatically over the last decade. The accumulating findings indicate that glial cells are involved not only in the maintenance of metabolic and ionic homeostasis and in the implementation of trophic functions but also in cognitive functions and information processing in the brain. Currently, there are some controversies regarding the role of astrocytes in complex processes such as aging of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Many findings confirm the important functional role of astrocytes in age-related brain changes, including sleep disturbance and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease. Until recent years, neurobiological research has focused mainly on neuron-glial interactions, in which individual astrocytes locally modulate neuronal activity and communication between neurons. The review considers the role of astrocytes in the physiology of sleep and as an important "player" in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the features of the astrocytic network reorganization during aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gudkov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy E Burmistrov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Kondakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Ruslan M Sarimov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Roman S Yarkov
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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17
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Fernandez N, Petit A, Pianos A, Haddad L, Schumacher M, Liere P, Guennoun R. Aging Is Associated With Lower Neuroactive Steroids and Worsened Outcomes Following Cerebral Ischemia in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6779564. [PMID: 36306407 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death, and aging is the main nonmodifiable risk factor. Following ischemia, neuroactive steroids have been shown to play a key role in cerebroprotection. Thus, brain steroid concentrations at the time of injury as well as their regulation after stroke are key factors to consider. Here, we investigated the effects of age and cerebral ischemia on steroid levels, behavioral outcomes, and neuronal degeneration in 3- and 18-month-old C57BL/6JRj male mice. Ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour followed by reperfusion (MCAO/R) and analyses were performed at 6 hours after MCAO. Extended steroid profiles established by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that (1) brain and plasma concentrations of the main 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone were lower in old than in young mice; (2) after MCAO/R, brain concentrations of progesterone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone, and corticosterone increased in young mice; and (3) after MCAO/R, brain concentrations of 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone, 3α5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and 3β5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone were lower in old than in young mice. After ischemia, old mice showed increased sensori-motor deficits and more degenerating neurons in the striatum than young mice. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that the decreased capacity of old mice to metabolize steroids toward the 5α-reduction pathway comparatively to young mice may contribute to the worsening of their stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neïké Fernandez
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anthony Petit
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Antoine Pianos
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Léna Haddad
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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18
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Mahon E, Lachman ME. Voice biomarkers as indicators of cognitive changes in middle and later adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 119:22-35. [PMID: 35964541 PMCID: PMC9487188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Voice prosody measures have been linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is unclear whether they are associated with normal cognitive aging. We assessed relationships between voice measures and 10-year cognitive changes in the MIDUS national sample of middle-aged and older adults ages 42-92, with a mean age of 64.09 (standard deviation = 11.23) at the second wave. Seven cognitive tests were assessed in 2003-2004 (Wave 2) and 2013-2014 (Wave 3). Voice measures were collected at Wave 3 (N = 2585) from audio recordings of the cognitive interviews. Analyses controlled for age, education, depressive symptoms, and health. As predicted, higher jitter was associated with greater declines in episodic memory, verbal fluency, and attention switching. Lower pulse was related to greater decline in episodic memory, and fewer voice breaks were related to greater declines in episodic memory and verbal fluency, although the direction of these effects was contrary to hypotheses. Findings suggest that voice biomarkers may offer a promising approach for early detection of risk factors for cognitive impairment or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mahon
- Brandeis University, Department of Psychology, Waltham, MA, USA.
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19
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Wang L, Mao B, Fan K, Sun R, Zhang J, Liang H, Liu Y. ROS attenuates TET2-dependent ZO-1 epigenetic expression in cerebral vascular endothelial cells. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:73. [PMID: 36076297 PMCID: PMC9461112 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether DNA active demethylase TET regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS Correlations between TET2 activity (indicated by its catalytic product 5hmC) and the expression of BBB tight junction proteins were examined in Tet2 knockout mice and post-mortem human brain tissues. In cultured endothelial cells, the impact of changes of TET activity on the expression of tight junction protein, ZO-1, was studied. BBB permeability assays were performed in Tet2 knockout mice. RESULTS It was found that the level of 5hmC decreased in brain microvascular endothelial cells of aging mice. In Tet2 knockout mice, the level of 5hmC in endothelial cells was weaker and significantly correlated with the reduced expression of tight junction protein ZO-1. In cultured endothelial cells, H2O2 significantly decreased the expression of 5hmC and ZO-1. Tet2 knock-down using siRNA significantly downregulated the expression of ZO-1 in endothelial cells. hMeChip-PCR showed that H2O2 decreased the level of 5hmC in the ZO-1 promoter region, which was rescued by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Consistently, Tet2 knock-down using siRNA significantly downregulated the level of 5hmC in the ZO-1 promoter region. It was also found that the level of 5hmC decreased in endothelial cells of aging human brains compared with that of adult brains, and the level of ZO-1 was positively correlated with that of 5hmC in microvascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TET activity is essential in regulating ZO-1 expression of BBB. It might be a potential target for neuroprotection during aging and in diverse neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Yixueyuan 138, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Mao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Yixueyuan 138, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyang Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Yixueyuan 138, Shanghai, China
| | - Renqiang Sun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Yixueyuan Rd. 138, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Yixueyuan 138, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1279 Sanmen Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200434, China. .,Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Yixueyuan 138, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Sakamuri SSVP, Sure VN, Kolli L, Liu N, Evans WR, Sperling JA, Busija DW, Wang X, Lindsey SH, Murfee WL, Mostany R, Katakam PVG. Glycolytic and Oxidative Phosphorylation Defects Precede the Development of Senescence in Primary Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. GeroScience 2022; 44:1975-1994. [PMID: 35378718 PMCID: PMC9616994 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondrial and glycolytic energy pathways related to aging could contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunction. We studied the impact of aging on energetics of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by comparing the young (passages 7-9), pre-senescent (passages 13-15), and senescent (passages 20-21) cells. Pre-senescent HBMECs displayed decreased telomere length and undetectable telomerase activity although markers of senescence were unaffected. Bioenergetics in HBMECs were determined by measuring the oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) rates. Cellular ATP production in young HBMECs was predominantly dependent on glycolysis with glutamine as the preferred fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In contrast, pre-senescent HBMECs displayed equal contribution to ATP production rate from glycolysis and OXPHOS with equal utilization of glutamine, glucose, and fatty acids as mitofuels. Compared to young, pre-senescent HBMECs showed a lower overall ATP production rate that was characterized by diminished contribution from glycolysis. Impairments of glycolysis displayed by pre-senescent cells included reduced basal glycolysis, compensatory glycolysis, and non-glycolytic acidification. Furthermore, impairments of mitochondrial respiration in pre-senescent cells involved the reduction of maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity but intact basal and ATP production-related OCR. Proton leak and non-mitochondrial respiration, however, were unchanged in the pre-senescent HBMECs. HBMECS at passages 20-21 displayed expression of senescence markers and continued similar defects in glycolysis and worsened OXPHOS. Thus, for the first time, we characterized the bioenergetics of pre-senescent HBMECs comprehensively to identify the alterations of the energy pathways that could contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lahari Kolli
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 S. Robertson, Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Jared A Sperling
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 S. Robertson, Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Clayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 200 Flower Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, 131 S. Robertson, Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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21
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Ayala-Guerrero L, García-delaTorre P, Sánchez-García S, Guzmán-Ramos K. Serum Levels of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Association with Cognitive Impairment and Type 2 Diabetes. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:501-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Branyan TE, Selvamani A, Park MJ, Korula KE, Kosel KF, Srinivasan R, Sohrabji F. Functional Assessment of Stroke-Induced Regulation of miR-20a-3p and Its Role as a Neuroprotectant. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:432-448. [PMID: 34570349 PMCID: PMC9046320 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have gained popularity as a potential treatment for many diseases, including stroke. This study identifies and characterizes a specific member of the miR-17-92 cluster, miR-20a-3p, as a possible stroke therapeutic. A comprehensive microRNA screening showed that miR-20a-3p was significantly upregulated in astrocytes of adult female rats, which typically have better stroke outcomes, while it was profoundly downregulated in astrocytes of middle-aged females and adult and middle-aged males, groups that typically have more severe stroke outcomes. Assays using primary human astrocytes and neurons show that miR-20a-3p treatment alters mitochondrial dynamics in both cell types. To assess whether stroke outcomes could be improved by elevating astrocytic miR-20a-3p, we created a tetracycline (Tet)-induced recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) construct where miR-20a-3p was located downstream a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. Treatment with doxycycline induced miR-20-3p expression in astrocytes, reducing mortality and modestly improving sensory motor behavior. A second Tet-induced rAAV construct was created in which miR-20a-3p was located downstream of a neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter. These experiments demonstrate that neuronal expression of miR-20a-3p is vastly more neuroprotective than astrocytic expression, with animals receiving the miR-20a-3p vector showing reduced infarction and sensory motor improvement. Intravenous injections, which are a therapeutically tractable treatment route, with miR-20a-3p mimic 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) significantly improved stroke outcomes including infarct volume and sensory motor performance. Improvement was not observed when miR-20a-3p was given immediately or 24 h after MCAo, identifying a unique delayed therapeutic window. Overall, this study identifies a novel neuroprotective microRNA and characterizes several key pathways by which it can improve stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Branyan
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Amutha Selvamani
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Min Jung Park
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kriti E Korula
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Kelby F Kosel
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Rahul Srinivasan
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Women's Health in Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, College Station, TX, 77840, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, 8447 Riverside Pkwy, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
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23
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Preininger MK, Kaufer D. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Astrocyte Senescence as Reciprocal Drivers of Neuropathology in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116217. [PMID: 35682895 PMCID: PMC9180977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant cell types in the brain, astrocytes form a tissue-wide signaling network that is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating various brain activities. Here, we review some of the essential functions that astrocytes perform in supporting neurons, modulating the immune response, and regulating and maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Given their importance in brain health, it follows that astrocyte dysfunction has detrimental effects. Indeed, dysfunctional astrocytes are implicated in age-related neuropathology and participate in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review two mechanisms by which astrocytes mediate neuropathology in the aging brain. First, age-associated blood–brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) causes the hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling in astrocytes, which elicits a pro-inflammatory and epileptogenic phenotype. Over time, BBBD-associated astrocyte dysfunction results in hippocampal and cortical neural hyperexcitability and cognitive deficits. Second, senescent astrocytes accumulate in the brain with age and exhibit a decreased functional capacity and the secretion of senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Both BBBD and senescence progressively increase during aging and are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, but the relationship between the two has not yet been established. Thus, we discuss the potential relationship between BBBD, TGFβ hyperactivation, and senescence with respect to astrocytes in the context of aging and disease and identify future areas of investigation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela K. Preininger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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25
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Wang Y, Wang K, Bao Y, Zhang T, Ainiwaer D, Xiong X, Wang G, Sun Z. The serum soluble Klotho alleviates cardiac aging and regulates M2a/M2c macrophage polarization via inhibiting TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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TGF-β as a Key Modulator of Astrocyte Reactivity: Disease Relevance and Therapeutic Implications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051206. [PMID: 35625943 PMCID: PMC9138510 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for normal brain development and functioning. They respond to brain injury and disease through a process referred to as reactive astrogliosis, where the reactivity is highly heterogenous and context-dependent. Reactive astrocytes are active contributors to brain pathology and can exert beneficial, detrimental, or mixed effects following brain insults. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been identified as one of the key factors regulating astrocyte reactivity. The genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway in animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease alters pathological and functional outcomes. This review aims to provide recent understanding regarding astrocyte reactivity and TGF-β signaling in brain injury, aging, and neurodegeneration. Further, it explores how TGF-β signaling modulates astrocyte reactivity and function in the context of CNS disease and injury.
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27
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Wang N, Tan Y, Zhou Q, Mao R, Yang Y. The impairment of the hippocampal neuro-vascular unit precedes changes in spatial cognition in naturally aged rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 776:136580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Addressing Blood–Brain Barrier Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040742. [PMID: 35453494 PMCID: PMC9029506 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of the brain tissue. It facilitates communication while separating the peripheral circulation system from the brain parenchyma. However, normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases can alter and damage the physiological properties of the BBB. In this review, we first briefly present the essential pathways maintaining and regulating BBB integrity, and further review the mechanisms of BBB breakdown associated with normal aging and peripheral inflammation-causing neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. We also discuss how BBB disruption can cause or contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia and a devastating neurological disorder. Next, we document overlaps between AD and vascular dementia (VaD) and briefly sum up the techniques for identifying biomarkers linked to BBB deterioration. Finally, we conclude that BBB breakdown could be used as a biomarker to help diagnose cognitive impairment associated with normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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29
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Liu X, Yang H, Yan X, Xu S, Fan Y, Xu H, Ma Y, Hou W, Javed R, Zhang Y. Co-exposure of polystyrene microplastics and iron aggravates cognitive decline in aging mice via ferroptosis induction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113342. [PMID: 35228028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of co-exposure of iron and microplastics (MPs) on the cognitive function of aged humans and animals. It was already known that individual iron or MPs exposure can initiate potential neurotoxicity. However, the combined effect of MPs and iron remained to be elucidated. In this study, the toxicity of iron, MPs, co-treatment of MPs & iron, and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated in vivo. Our findings suggest that 5 µm MPs could enter the aging mice brain and accumulate in cortex and hippocampus. In addition, MPs and iron have a good binding ability, therefore, co-exposure of MPs & iron cause significant iron overload and cognitive deficits as compared to control and individual treatments of iron and MPs. Moreover, the lipid peroxidation and inflammation, which are involved in ferroptosis, get significantly elevated by co-exposure of iron and MPs. Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence that co-exposure of iron and MPs could aggravate the cognitive impairment via disturbing brain iron homeostasis and inducing ferroptosis in cognitive-related brain areas, what's more, the results warn that MPs may act as vectors of pollutants (mostly heavy metals) increasing the health burden on body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Liu
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hekai Yang
- The First Clinical College, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xinzhu Yan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuangfeng Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No.195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - He Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Weijian Hou
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China.
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30
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Kamma E, Lasisi W, Libner C, Ng HS, Plemel JR. Central nervous system macrophages in progressive multiple sclerosis: relationship to neurodegeneration and therapeutics. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:45. [PMID: 35144628 PMCID: PMC8830034 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 15 disease-modifying drugs that have been approved over the last 20 years for the treatment of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are limited treatment options available for progressive MS. The development of new drugs for the treatment of progressive MS remains challenging as the pathophysiology of progressive MS is poorly understood. The progressive phase of MS is dominated by neurodegeneration and a heightened innate immune response with trapped immune cells behind a closed blood–brain barrier in the central nervous system. Here we review microglia and border-associated macrophages, which include perivascular, meningeal, and choroid plexus macrophages, during the progressive phase of MS. These cells are vital and are largely the basis to define lesion types in MS. We will review the evidence that reactive microglia and macrophages upregulate pro-inflammatory genes and downregulate homeostatic genes, that may promote neurodegeneration in progressive MS. We will also review the factors that regulate microglia and macrophage function during progressive MS, as well as potential toxic functions of these cells. Disease-modifying drugs that solely target microglia and macrophage in progressive MS are lacking. The recent treatment successes for progressive MS include include B-cell depletion therapies and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. We will describe several therapies being evaluated as a potential treatment option for progressive MS, such as immunomodulatory therapies that can target myeloid cells or as a potential neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kamma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Lasisi
- Recovery and Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, NL, Canada
| | - Cole Libner
- Department of Health Sciences and the Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Huah Shin Ng
- Division of Neurology and the Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,University of Alberta, 5-64 Heritage Medical Research Centre, Edmonton, AB, T6G2S2, Canada.
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31
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Wang HL, Zhang CL, Qiu YM, Chen AQ, Li YN, Hu B. Dysfunction of the Blood-brain Barrier in Cerebral Microbleeds: from Bedside to Bench. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1898-1919. [PMID: 34881076 PMCID: PMC8612614 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a disorder of cerebral microvessels that are characterized as small (<10 mm), hypointense, round or ovoid lesions seen on T2*-weighted gradient echo MRI. There is a high prevalence of CMBs in community-dwelling healthy older people. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the significance of CMBs in stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, gait disturbances and late-life depression. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is considered to be the event that initializes CMBs development. However, the pathogenesis of CMBs has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of CMBs, hypertensive vasculopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and review recent research that has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and CMBs presence. CMBs-associated risk factors can exacerbate BBB breakdown through the vulnerability of BBB anatomical and functional changes. Finally, we discuss potential pharmacological approaches to target the BBB as therapy for CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - An-qi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ya-nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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32
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Hussain B, Fang C, Chang J. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown: An Emerging Biomarker of Cognitive Impairment in Normal Aging and Dementia. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:688090. [PMID: 34489623 PMCID: PMC8418300 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.688090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized microenvironment of the neural tissue. It separates the peripheral circulatory system from the brain parenchyma while facilitating communication. Alterations in the distinct physiological properties of the BBB lead to BBB breakdown associated with normal aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we first briefly discuss the aging process, then review the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB breakdown associated with normal aging that further cause neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. We also summarize dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) and subsequently discuss the phenotypes and mechanisms of BBB disruption in dementia correlated with cognition decline. Overlaps between AD and VaD are also discussed. Techniques that could identify biomarkers associated with BBB breakdown are briefly summarized. Finally, we concluded that BBB breakdown could be used as an emerging biomarker to assist to diagnose cognitive impairment associated with normal aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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33
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Appelt-Menzel A, Oerter S, Mathew S, Haferkamp U, Hartmann C, Jung M, Neuhaus W, Pless O. Human iPSC-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Models: Valuable Tools for Preclinical Drug Discovery and Development? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 55:e122. [PMID: 32956578 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Translating basic biological knowledge into applications remains a key issue for effectively tackling neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, or neuroendocrine disorders. Efficient delivery of therapeutics across the neuroprotective blood-brain barrier (BBB) still poses a demanding challenge for drug development targeting central nervous system diseases. Validated in vitro models of the BBB could facilitate effective testing of drug candidates targeting the brain early in the drug discovery process during lead generation. We here review the potential of mono- or (isogenic) co-culture BBB models based on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and compare them to several available BBB in vitro models from primary human or non-human cells and to rodent in vivo models, as well as to classical and widely used barrier models [Caco-2, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)]. In particular, we are discussing the features and predictivity of these models and how hiPSC-derived BBB models could impact future discovery and development of novel CNS-targeting therapeutics. © 2020 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Oerter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany.,University Hospital Würzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sanjana Mathew
- University Hospital Würzburg, Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Röntgenring 11, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Undine Haferkamp
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Hartmann
- University Hospital Halle, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- University Hospital Halle, University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Julius-Kuehn-Strasse 7, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, Hamburg, Germany
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34
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Blood-brain barrier dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:487-498. [PMID: 34028650 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of specific tight junction proteins and transporters expressed on the lining of endothelial cells of the vasculature in the brain. The structural and functional integrity of the BBB is one of the most critical factors for maintaining brain homeostasis and is mainly regulated by complex interactions between various cell types, such as endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, which are shaped by their differential responses to changes in microenvironments. Alterations in these cellular components have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Although it has long been considered that BBB dysfunction is a mere ramification of pathological phenomena, emerging evidence supports its critical role in the pathogenesis of various disorders. In epilepsy, heightened BBB permeability has been found to be associated with increased occurrence of spontaneous seizures. Additionally, exaggerated inflammatory responses significantly correlate with increased BBB permeability during healthy aging. Furthermore, it has been previously reported that BBB disruption can be an early marker for predicting cognitive impairment in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. We herein review a potential role of the major cellular components of the BBB, with a focus on the contribution of BBB disruption, in neurodegenerative disease progression.
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35
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Frías-Anaya E, Gromnicova R, Kraev I, Rogachevsky V, Male DK, Crea F, Hawkes CA, Romero IA. Age-related ultrastructural neurovascular changes in the female mouse cortex and hippocampus. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:273-284. [PMID: 33579556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown occurs in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Although age-associated alterations have previously been described, most studies focused in male brains; hence, little is known about BBB breakdown in females. This study measured ultrastructural features in the aging female BBB using transmission electron microscopy and 3-dimensional reconstruction of cortical and hippocampal capillaries from 6- and 24-month-old female C57BL/6J mice. Aged cortical capillaries showed more changes than hippocampal capillaries. Specifically, the aged cortex showed thicker basement membrane, higher number and volume of endothelial pseudopods, decreased endothelial mitochondrial number, larger pericyte mitochondria, higher pericyte-endothelial cell contact, and increased tight junction tortuosity compared with young animals. Only increased basement membrane thickness and pericyte mitochondrial volume were observed in the aged hippocampus. Regional comparison revealed significant differences in endothelial pseudopods and tight junctions between the cortex and hippocampus of 24-month-old mice. Therefore, the aging female BBB shows region-specific ultrastructural alterations that may lead to oxidative stress and abnormal capillary blood flow and barrier stability, potentially contributing to cerebrovascular diseases, particularly in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Frías-Anaya
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Radka Gromnicova
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Vadim Rogachevsky
- Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Pushchino Federal Research Centre for Biological Research, Pushchino, Russia
| | - David K Male
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Francesco Crea
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Cheryl A Hawkes
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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36
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Dwyer Z, Rudyk C, Farmer K, Beauchamp S, Shail P, Derksen A, Fortin T, Ventura K, Torres C, Ayoub K, Hayley S. Characterizing the protracted neurobiological and neuroanatomical effects of paraquat in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 100:11-21. [PMID: 33450723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The primary motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) result from the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and often, the loss is asymmetrical, resulting in unilateral tremor presentation. Notably, age is the primary risk factor for PD, and it is likely that the disease ultimately stems from the impact of environmental factors, which interact with the aging process. Recent research has focused on the role of microglia and pro-oxidative responses in dopaminergic neuronal death. In this study, we sought to examine the neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and stress effects of exposure to the etiologically relevant pesticide, paraquat, over time (up to 6 months after injections). We also were interested in whether a high-resolution, 7-Tesla animal magnetic resonance imaging would be sensitive enough to detect the degenerative impact of paraquat. We found that paraquat induced a loss of dopaminergic SNc neurons and activation of microglia that surprisingly did not change over 6 months after the last injection. A long-lasting reduction was evident for body weight, and alterations in organ (lung and heart) weight were evident, which reflect the peripheral impact of the toxicant. The microglial proinflammatory actin-remodeling factor, WAVE2, along with the inflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B were also elevated within the brain. Remarkably, the stress hormone, corticosterone, was still significantly elevated 1 month after paraquat, whereas the inflammasome factor, caspase-1, and antigen presentation factor, MFG-E8, both displayed delayed rises after the 6-month time. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, we detected no striatal changes but modest hemispheric differences in the SNc and time-dependent volumetric enlargement of the ventricles in paraquat-treated mice. These data suggest that paraquat induces long-term nigrostriatal pathology (possibly asymmetric) and inflammatory changes and stress and trophic/apoptotic effects that appear to either increase with the passage of time or are evident for at least 1 month. In brief, paraquat may be a useful nonspecific means to model widespread stress and inflammatory changes related to PD or age-related disease in general, but not the progressive nature of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Dwyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Rudyk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheryl Beauchamp
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pragya Shail
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Derksen
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Fortin
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Ventura
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Torres
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research (OHRI), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiara Ayoub
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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37
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Miller AL, Bessho S, Grando K, Tükel Ç. Microbiome or Infections: Amyloid-Containing Biofilms as a Trigger for Complex Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638867. [PMID: 33717189 PMCID: PMC7952436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is the community of microorganisms that live upon or within their human host. The microbiota consists of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea; the gut microbiota is comprised mostly of bacteria. Many bacterial species within the gut microbiome grow as biofilms, which are multicellular communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. Studies have shown that the relative abundances of bacterial species, and therefore biofilms and bacterial byproducts, change during progression of a variety of human diseases including gastrointestinal, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cancer. Studies have shown the location and proximity of the biofilms within the gastrointestinal tract might impact disease outcome. Gram-negative enteric bacteria secrete the amyloid curli, which makes up as much as 85% of the extracellular matrix of enteric biofilms. Curli mediates cell-cell attachment and attachment to various surfaces including extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and laminin. Structurally, curli is strikingly similar to pathological and immunomodulatory human amyloids such as amyloid-β, which has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein, which is involved in Parkinson's disease, and serum amyloid A, which is secreted during the acute phase of inflammation. The immune system recognizes both bacterial amyloid curli and human amyloids utilizing the same receptors, so curli also induces inflammation. Moreover, recent work indicates that curli can participate in the self-assembly process of pathological human amyloids. Curli is found within biofilms of commensal enteric bacteria as well as invasive pathogens; therefore, evidence suggests that curli contributes to complex human diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on how bacterial biofilms containing curli participate in the pathological and immunological processes in gastrointestinal diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shingo Bessho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Grando
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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38
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Batterman KV, Cabrera PE, Moore TL, Rosene DL. T Cells Actively Infiltrate the White Matter of the Aging Monkey Brain in Relation to Increased Microglial Reactivity and Cognitive Decline. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607691. [PMID: 33664743 PMCID: PMC7920950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is characterized by declines in processing speed, learning, memory, and executive function even in the absence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In normal aging monkeys and humans, neuronal loss does not account for cognitive impairment. Instead, loss of white matter volume and an accumulation of myelin sheath pathology begins in middle age and is associated with cognitive decline. It is unknown what causes this myelin pathology, but it likely involves increased neuroinflammation in white matter and failures in oligodendrocyte function (maturation and repair). In frontal white matter tracts vulnerable to myelin damage, microglia become chronically reactive and secrete harmful pro-inflammatory cytokines. Despite being in a phagocytic state, these microglia are ineffective at phagocytosing accruing myelin debris, which directly inhibits myelin sheath repair. Here, we asked whether reported age-related increases in pro-inflammatory markers were accompanied by an adaptive immune response involving T cells. We quantified T cells with immunohistochemistry in the brains of 34 cognitively characterized monkeys and found an age-related increase in perivascular T cells that surround CNS vasculature. We found a surprising age-related increase in T cells that infiltrate the white matter parenchyma. In the cingulum bundle the percentage of these parenchymal T cells increased with age relative to those in the perivascular space. In contrast, infiltrating T cells were rarely found in surrounding gray matter regions. We assessed whether T cell infiltration correlated with fibrinogen extravasation from the vasculature as a measure of BBB leakiness and found no correlation, suggesting that T cell infiltration is not a result of passive extravasation. Importantly, the density of T cells in the cingulum bundle correlated with microglial reactivity and with cognitive impairment. This is the first demonstration that T cell infiltration of white matter is associated with cognitive decline in the normal aging monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn V Batterman
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Payton E Cabrera
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tara L Moore
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Laboratory of Interventions for Cortical Injury and Cognitive Decline, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Bahadur Patel A, Veeraiah P, Shameem M, Mahesh Kumar J, Saba K. Impaired GABAergic and glutamatergic neurometabolic activity in aged mice brain as measured by 1 H-[ 13 C]-NMR spectroscopy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21321. [PMID: 33543543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001704rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function, and is a major risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases. Although, there are several evidence that brain mitochondrial function is altered with aging its significance at the cellular level is elusive. In this study, we have investigated mitochondrial TCA cycle and neurotransmitter cycle fluxes associated with glutamatergic, GABAergic neurons and astroglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of young (6 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL6 mice by using 1 H-[13 C]-NMR spectroscopy together with timed infusion of 13 C-labeled glucose and acetate. The ratio VCyc /VTCA was determined from a steady-state [2-13 C]acetate experiment. Metabolic fluxes were obtained by fitting a three-compartment metabolic model to 13 C turnover of amino acids from glucose. Levels of glutamate, aspartate and taurine were reduced in the cerebral cortex, while glutamine and choline were elevated in the hippocampus of aged mice. Interestingly, the rate of acetate oxidation increased in the cerebral cortex, while the flux of mitochondrial TCA cycle of glutamatergic neurons decreased in the cerebral cortex (P < .0001) and hippocampus (P = .025) of aged mice. The glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle flux was reduced in the cerebral cortex (P < .0001). The GABAergic TCA cycle flux was reduced in the cerebral cortex (P = .0008), while GABA-glutamine neurotransmitter cycling flux was also reduced in the cerebral cortex (P = .011) and hippocampus (P = .042) of aged brain. In conclusion, the reduction in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter activity of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus correlates qualitatively with declined cognitive function in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Bahadur Patel
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamal Saba
- NMR Microimaging and Spectroscopy, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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40
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Wu ML, Yang XQ, Xue L, Duan W, Du JR. Age-related cognitive decline is associated with microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders and neuroinflammation in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113125. [PMID: 33422597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is associated with chronic low grade neuroinflammation that may result from a complex interplay among many factors, such as bidirectional communication between the central nervous system (CNS) and gut microbiota. The present study used 2-month-old (young group) and 15-month-old (aged group) male C57BL/6 mice to explore the potential association between age-related cognitive decline and the microbiota-gut-brain axis disorder. We observed that aged mice exhibited significant deficits in learning and memory, neuronal and synaptic function compared with young mice. Aged mice also exhibited significant dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Disruptions of the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier were also observed, including increases in intestinal, low-grade systemic and cerebral inflammation. Furthermore, plasma and brain levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were significantly higher in aged mice compared with young mice, with increasing expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88) and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in intestinal and brain tissues. These findings showed that microbiota-gut-brain axis dysfunction that occurs through LPS-induced activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in age-related neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Wu
- Departmen Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xue-Qin Yang
- Departmen Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Xue
- Departmen Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jun-Rong Du
- Departmen Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
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Candelario-Jalil E, Paul S. Impact of aging and comorbidities on ischemic stroke outcomes in preclinical animal models: A translational perspective. Exp Neurol 2021; 335:113494. [PMID: 33035516 PMCID: PMC7874968 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a highly complex and devastating neurological disease. The sudden loss of blood flow to a brain region due to an ischemic insult leads to severe damage to that area resulting in the formation of an infarcted tissue, also known as the ischemic core. This is surrounded by the peri-infarct region or penumbra that denotes the functionally impaired but potentially salvageable tissue. Thus, the penumbral tissue is the main target for the development of neuroprotective strategies to minimize the extent of ischemic brain damage by timely therapeutic intervention. Given the limitations of reperfusion therapies with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator or mechanical thrombectomy, there is high enthusiasm to combine reperfusion therapy with neuroprotective strategies to further reduce the progression of ischemic brain injury. Till date, a large number of candidate neuroprotective drugs have been identified as potential therapies based on highly promising results from studies in rodent ischemic stroke models. However, none of these interventions have shown therapeutic benefits in stroke patients in clinical trials. In this review article, we discussed the urgent need to utilize preclinical models of ischemic stroke that more accurately mimic the clinical conditions in stroke patients by incorporating aged animals and animal stroke models with comorbidities. We also outlined the recent findings that highlight the significant differences in stroke outcome between young and aged animals, and how major comorbid conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia dramatically increase the vulnerability of the brain to ischemic damage that eventually results in worse functional outcomes. It is evident from these earlier studies that including animal models of aging and comorbidities during the early stages of drug development could facilitate the identification of neuroprotective strategies with high likelihood of success in stroke clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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42
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Kanagasingam S, Chukkapalli SS, Welbury R, Singhrao SK. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Strong Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:501-511. [PMID: 33532698 PMCID: PMC7835991 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the several important bacterial pathogens associated with the sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Different serotypes are either capsulated or are non-capsulated. It has been demonstrated that P. gingivalis (non-capsulated) can reproduce the neurodegenerative AD-like changes in vitro, and a capsular P. gingivalis (strain W83) could reproduce the cardinal hallmark lesions of AD in a wild-type mouse model. All P. gingivalis forms express proteolytically active proteases that enable cleavage of the amyloid-β protin precursor (AβPP) and tau resulting in the formation of amyloid-β and neurofibrillary tangles. Tau is an established substrate for gingipains, which can cleave tau into various peptides. Some of the P. gingivalis fragmented tau protein peptides contain “VQIINK” and “VQIVYK” hexapeptide motifs which map to the flanking regions of the microtubule binding domains and are also found in paired helical filaments that form NFTs. P. gingivalis can induce peripheral inflammation in periodontitis and can also initiate signaling pathways that activate kinases, which in turn, phosphorylate neuronal tau. Periodontal disease related inflammation has metabolic implications for an individual’s peripheral and brain health as patients suffering from generalized periodontitis often have related co-morbidities and are “at risk” of developing AD. The aim here is to discuss the role of P. gingivalis behind such associations with the backdrop of huge efforts to test P. gingivalis virulence factors clinically (GAIN Trial: Phase 2/3 Study of COR388 in Subjects with AD) with inhibitors, which may lead to an intervention by reducing the pathogenic bacterial load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Kanagasingam
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Richard Welbury
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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43
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Fernandes DC, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Advances in 3D neural, vascular and neurovascular models for drug testing and regenerative medicine. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:754-768. [PMID: 33202252 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials continue to fall short regarding drugs to effectively treat brain-affecting diseases. Although there are many causes of these shortcomings, the most relevant are the inability of most therapeutic agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the failure to translate effects from animal models to patients. In this review, we analyze the most recent developments in BBB, neural, and neurovascular models, analyzing their impact on the drug development process by considering their quantitative and phenotypical characterization. We offer a perspective of the state-of-the-art of the models that could revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo C Fernandes
- 3Bs Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3Bs Research Group, I3B's - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Hill RA, Kouremenos K, Tull D, Maggi A, Schroeder A, Gibbons A, Kulkarni J, Sundram S, Du X. Bazedoxifene - a promising brain active SERM that crosses the blood brain barrier and enhances spatial memory. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104830. [PMID: 32858306 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Over 20 years of accumulated evidence has shown that the major female sex hormone 17β-estradiol can enhance cognitive functioning. However, the utility of estradiol as a therapeutic cognitive enhancer is hindered by its unwanted peripheral effects (carcinogenic). Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) avoid the unwanted effects of estradiol by acting as estrogen receptor antagonists in some tissues such as breast and uterus, but as agonists in others such as bone, and are currently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, understanding of their actions in the brain are limited. The third generation SERM bazedoxifene has recently been FDA approved for clinical use with an improved biosafety profile. However, whether bazedoxifene can enter the brain and enhance cognition is unknown. Using mice, the current study aimed to explore if bazedoxifene can 1) cross the blood-brain barrier, 2) rescue ovariectomy-induced hippocampal-dependent spatial memory deficit, and 3) activate neural estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent gene transcription. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we firstly demonstrate that a peripheral injection of bazedoxifene can enter the brain. Secondly, we show that an acute intraperitoneal injection of bazedoxifene can rescue ovariectomy-induced spatial memory deficits. And finally, using the ERE-luciferase reporter mouse, we show in vivo that bazedoxifene can activate the ERE in the brain. The evidence shown here suggest bazedoxifene could be a viable cognitive enhancer with promising clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - K Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - D Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - A Maggi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - A Schroeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - A Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - J Kulkarni
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University, St Kilda, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - X Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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Chen C, Chao Y, Lin H, Chen C, Chen C, Yang J, Chan JYH, Juo SH. miR-195 reduces age-related blood-brain barrier leakage caused by thrombospondin-1-mediated selective autophagy. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13236. [PMID: 33029941 PMCID: PMC7681043 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins in cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) is a leading cause of BBB breakdown. We recently reported that miR‐195 provides vasoprotection, which urges us to explore the role of miR‐195 in BBB integrity. Here, we found cerebral miR‐195 levels decreased with age, and BBB leakage was significantly increased in miR‐195 knockout mice. Furthermore, exosomes from miR‐195‐enriched astrocytes increased endothelial TJ proteins and improved BBB integrity. To decipher how miR‐195 promoted BBB integrity, we first demonstrated that TJ proteins were metabolized via autophagic–lysosomal pathway and the autophagic adaptor p62 was necessary to promote TJ protein degradation in cerebral ECs. Next, proteomic analysis of exosomes revealed miR‐195‐suppressed thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) as a major contributor to BBB disruption. Moreover, TSP1 was demonstrated to activate selective autophagy of TJ proteins by increasing the formation of claudin‐5‐p62 and ZO1‐p62 complexes in cerebral ECs while TSP1 impaired general autophagy. Delivering TSP1 antibody into the circulation showed dose‐dependent reduction of BBB leakage by 20%–40% in 25‐month‐old mice. Intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection of miR‐195 rescued TSP1‐induced BBB leakage. Dementia patients with BBB damage had higher levels of serum TSP1 compared to those without BBB damage (p = 0.0015), while the normal subjects had the lowest TSP1 (p < 0.0001). Taken together, the study implies that TSP1‐regulated selective autophagy facilitates the degradation of TJ proteins and weakens BBB integrity. An adequate level of miR‐195 can suppress the autophagy–lysosome pathway via a reduction of TSP1, which may be important for maintaining BBB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien‐Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Fen Lin
- Department of NeurologyKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of NeurologyCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Jung Chen
- Proteomics Core LaboratoryDepartment of Medical Research, China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Sheng Chen
- Department of PsychiatryKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of PsychiatryCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Jenq‐Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in BiomedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Suh‐Hang H. Juo
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of New Drug DevelopmentChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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Miceli V, Russelli G, Iannolo G, Gallo A, Lo Re V, Agnese V, Sparacia G, Conaldi PG, Bulati M. Role of non-coding RNAs in age-related vascular cognitive impairment: An overview on diagnostic/prognostic value in Vascular Dementia and Vascular Parkinsonism. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111332. [PMID: 32805261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age is the pivotal risk factor for different common medical conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and dementia. Among age-related disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, represent the leading causes of premature mortality strictly related to vascular ageing, a pathological condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart disease and stroke. These features negatively impact on the brain, owing to altered cerebral blood flow, neurovascular coupling and impaired endothelial permeability leading to cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) as Vascular Dementia (VD) and Parkinsonism (VP). It is an increasing opinion that neurodegenerative disorders and cerebrovascular diseases are associated from a pathogenetic point of view, and in this review, we discuss how cerebrovascular dysfunctions, due to epigenetic alterations, are linked with neuronal degeneration/dysfunction that lead to cognitive impairment. The relation between neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are reviewed with a focus on role of ncRNAs in age-related vascular diseases impairing the endothelium in the blood-brain barrier with consequent dysfunction of cerebral blood flow. In this review we dissert about different regulatory mechanisms of gene expression implemented by ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of age-related neurovascular impairment, aiming to highlight the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic/prognostic purposes as well as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Miceli
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - G Russelli
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - G Iannolo
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - A Gallo
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - V Lo Re
- Neurology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - V Agnese
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - G Sparacia
- Radiology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - P G Conaldi
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - M Bulati
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy.
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Gao P, Chen Q, Hu J, Lin Y, Lin J, Guo Q, Yue H, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Li J, Ding G, Guo G. Effect of ultra‑wide‑band electromagnetic pulses on blood‑brain barrier permeability in rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2775-2782. [PMID: 32945403 PMCID: PMC7453585 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The restrictive nature of the blood brain barrier (BBB) brings a particular challenge to the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The effect of ultra-wide band electromagnetic pulses (UWB-EMPs) on BBB permeability was examined in the present study in order to develop a safe and effective technology that opens the BBB to improve treatment options for CNS diseases. Rats were exposed to a single UWB-EMP at various field strengths (50, 200 or 400 kV/m) and the BBB was examined using albumin immunohistochemistry and Evans blue staining at different time periods (0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h) after exposure. The expression and distribution of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) were evaluated using western blotting to identify a potential mechanism underlying BBB permeability. The results showed that the BBB permeability of rats exposed to UWB-EMP increased immediately following UWM-EMP treatment and peaked between 3 and 6 h after UWB-EMP exposure, returning to pre-exposure levels 24 h later. The data suggested that UWB-EMP at 200 and 400 kV/m could induce BBB opening, while 50 kV/m UWB-EMP could not. The levels of ZO-1 in the cerebral cortex were significantly decreased at 3 and 6 h after exposure; however, no change was observed in the distribution of ZO-1. The present study indicated that UWB-EMP-induced BBB opening was field strength-dependent and reversible. Decreased expression of ZO-1 may be involved in the effect of UWB-EMP on BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yue
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Zeng
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Guozhen Guo
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Andjelkovic AV, Stamatovic SM, Phillips CM, Martinez-Revollar G, Keep RF. Modeling blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebrovascular disease in vitro: current and future paradigms. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:44. [PMID: 32677965 PMCID: PMC7367394 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) was and still is a challenge to bridge. A highly selective, restrictive and dynamic barrier, formed at the interface of blood and brain, the BBB is a “gatekeeper” and guardian of brain homeostasis and it also acts as a “sensor” of pathological events in blood and brain. The majority of brain and cerebrovascular pathologies are associated with BBB dysfunction, where changes at the BBB can lead to or support disease development. Thus, an ultimate goal of BBB research is to develop competent and highly translational models to understand mechanisms of BBB/NVU pathology and enable discovery and development of therapeutic strategies to improve vascular health and for the efficient delivery of drugs. This review article focuses on the progress being made to model BBB injury in cerebrovascular diseases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuska V Andjelkovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA.
| | - Svetlana M Stamatovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Chelsea M Phillips
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriela Martinez-Revollar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 7520 MSRB I, 1150 West Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5602, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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49
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Chiarini A, Armato U, Hu P, Dal Prà I. CaSR Antagonist (Calcilytic) NPS 2143 Hinders the Release of Neuroinflammatory IL-6, Soluble ICAM-1, RANTES, and MCP-2 from Aβ-Exposed Human Cortical Astrocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061386. [PMID: 32498476 PMCID: PMC7349863 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Available evidence shows that human cortical neurons’ and astrocytes’ calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) bind Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers triggering the overproduction/oversecretion of several Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neurotoxins—effects calcilytics suppress. We asked whether Aβ•CaSR signaling might also play a direct pro-neuroinflammatory role in AD. Cortical nontumorigenic adult human astrocytes (NAHAs) in vitro were untreated (controls) or treated with Aβ25–35 ± NPS 2143 (a calcilytic) and any proinflammatory agent in their protein lysates and growth media assayed via antibody arrays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and immunoblots. Results show Aβ•CaSR signaling upregulated the synthesis and release/shedding of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (holoprotein and soluble [s] fragment), Regulated upon Activation, normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-2. Adding NPS 2143 (i) totally suppressed IL-6′s oversecretion while remarkably reducing the other agents’ over-release; and (ii) more effectively than Aβ alone increased over controls the four agents’ distinctive intracellular accumulation. Conversely, NPS 2143 did not alter Aβ-induced surges in IL-1β, IL-3, IL-8, and IL-16 secretion, consequently revealing their Aβ•CaSR signaling-independence. Finally, Aβ25–35 ± NPS 2143 treatments left unchanged MCP-1′s and TIMP-2′s basal expression. Thus, NAHAs Aβ•CaSR signaling drove four proinflammatory agents’ over-release that NPS 2143 curtailed. Therefore, calcilytics would also abate NAHAs’ Aβ•CaSR signaling direct impact on AD’s neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.D.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7646 (A.C.); +39-045-802-7161 (I.D.P)
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
- Burns Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, University of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology and Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Verona, Veneto, 37134 Verona, Italy; (U.A.); (P.H.)
- Burns Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, University of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (I.D.P.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7646 (A.C.); +39-045-802-7161 (I.D.P)
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50
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Mehdipour M, Skinner C, Wong N, Lieb M, Liu C, Etienne J, Kato C, Kiprov D, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Rejuvenation of three germ layers tissues by exchanging old blood plasma with saline-albumin. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8790-8819. [PMID: 32474458 PMCID: PMC7288913 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterochronic blood sharing rejuvenates old tissues, and most of the studies on how this works focus on young plasma, its fractions, and a few youthful systemic candidates. However, it was not formally established that young blood is necessary for this multi-tissue rejuvenation. Here, using our recently developed small animal blood exchange process, we replaced half of the plasma in mice with saline containing 5% albumin (terming it a "neutral" age blood exchange, NBE) thus diluting the plasma factors and replenishing the albumin that would be diminished if only saline was used. Our data demonstrate that a single NBE suffices to meet or exceed the rejuvenative effects of enhancing muscle repair, reducing liver adiposity and fibrosis, and increasing hippocampal neurogenesis in old mice, all the key outcomes seen after blood heterochronicity. Comparative proteomic analysis on serum from NBE, and from a similar human clinical procedure of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), revealed a molecular re-setting of the systemic signaling milieu, interestingly, elevating the levels of some proteins, which broadly coordinate tissue maintenance and repair and promote immune responses. Moreover, a single TPE yielded functional blood rejuvenation, abrogating the typical old serum inhibition of progenitor cell proliferation. Ectopically added albumin does not seem to be the sole determinant of such rejuvenation, and levels of albumin do not decrease with age nor are increased by NBE/TPE. A model of action (supported by a large body of published data) is that significant dilution of autoregulatory proteins that crosstalk to multiple signaling pathways (with their own feedback loops) would, through changes in gene expression, have long-lasting molecular and functional effects that are consistent with our observations. This work improves our understanding of the systemic paradigms of multi-tissue rejuvenation and suggest a novel and immediate use of the FDA approved TPE for improving the health and resilience of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Colin Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Lieb
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cameron Kato
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dobri Kiprov
- California Pacific Medical Center, Apheresis Care Group, San-Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Michael J. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irina M. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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