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Martín-Hernanz S, Nogales M, Valente L, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Pomeda-Gutiérrez F, Cano E, Marrero P, Olesen JM, Heleno R, Vargas P. Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:667-684. [PMID: 36594263 PMCID: PMC10147335 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Canary Islands have strong floristic affinities with the Mediterranean Basin. One of the most characteristic and diverse vegetation belts of the archipelago is the thermophilous woodland (between 200 and 900 m.a.s.l.). This thermophilous plant community consists of many non-endemic species shared with the Mediterranean Floristic Region together with Canarian endemic species. Consequently, phytogeographic studies have historically proposed the hypothesis of an origin of the Canarian thermophilous species following the establishment of the summer-dry mediterranean climate in the Mediterranean Basin around 2.8 million years ago. METHODS Time-calibrated phylogenies for 39 plant groups including Canarian thermophilous species were primarily analysed to infer colonization times. In particular, we used 26 previously published phylogenies together with 13 new time-calibrated phylogenies (including newly generated plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data) to assess whether the time interval between stem and crown ages of Canarian thermophilous lineages postdates 2.8 Ma. For lineages postdating this time threshold, we additionally conducted ancestral area reconstructions to infer the potential source area for colonization. KEY RESULTS A total of 43 Canarian thermophilous lineages were identified from 39 plant groups. Both mediterranean (16) and pre-mediterranean (9) plant lineages were found. However, we failed to determine the temporal origin for 18 lineages because a stem-crown time interval overlaps with the 2.8-Ma threshold. The spatial origin of thermophilous lineages was also heterogeneous, including ancestral areas from the Mediterranean Basin (nine) and other regions (six). CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal an unexpectedly heterogeneous origin of the Canarian thermophilous species in terms of colonization times and mainland source areas. A substantial proportion of the lineages arrived in the Canaries before the summer-dry climate was established in the Mediterranean Basin. The complex temporal and geographic origin of Canarian thermophilous species challenges the view of the Canary Islands (and Madeira) as a subregion within the Mediterranean Floristic Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Nogales
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Luis Valente
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 Leiden, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Department of Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Pomeda-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Cano
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Marrero
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jens M Olesen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (RJB-CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Zi H, Jing X, Liu A, Fan X, Chen S, Wang H, He J. Simulated climate warming decreases fruit number but increases seed mass. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:841-855. [PMID: 36272096 PMCID: PMC10099976 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is changing plant sexual reproduction, having consequences for species distribution and community dynamics. However, the magnitude and direction of plant reproductive efforts (e.g., number of flowers) and success (e.g., number and mass of fruits or seeds) in response to warming have not been well-characterized. Here, we generated a global dataset of simulated warming experiments, consisting of 477 pairwise comparisons for 164 terrestrial species. We found evidence that warming overall decreased fruit number and increased seed mass, but little evidence that warming influenced flower number, fruit mass, or seed number. The warming effects on seed mass were regulated by the pollination type, and insect-pollinated plants exhibited a stronger response to warming than wind-pollinated plants. We found strong evidence that warming increased the mass of seeds for the nondominant species but no evidence of this for the dominant species. There was no evidence that phylogenetic relatedness explained the effects of warming on plant reproductive effort and success. In addition, the effects of warming on flowering onset negatively related to the responses in terms of the number of fruits and seeds to warming, revealing a cascading effect of plant reproductive development. These findings provide the first quantification of the response of terrestrial plant sexual reproduction to warming and suggest that plants may increase their fitness by producing heavier seeds under a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Anrong Liu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Si‐Chong Chen
- Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Royal Botanic Gardens KewWellcome Trust Millennium BuildingWakehurstUK
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Ecology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jin‐Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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3
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Bozkurt M, Calleja Alarcón JA, Uysal T, Garcia-Jacas N, Ertuğrul K, Susanna A. Biogeography of Rhaponticoides, an Irano-Turanian element in the Mediterranean flora. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22019. [PMID: 36539442 PMCID: PMC9768164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Floristic relationships between the Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean regions have been known from old. However, only a few biogeographical analyses based on molecular data have evaluated the history of steppe plants within the Mediterranean basin. Our study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the migratory and diversification processes by reconstructing the biogeography of Rhaponticoides (Cardueae), distributed in the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions. We generated nuclear and plastid sequences that were analyzed by Bayesian inference. We used the resulting phylogeny for dating the diversification of the genus and examining the dispersal pathways. Two clades were recovered, an Irano-Turanian clade and a Mediterranean clade. The origin of the genus was placed in the Anatolian plateau in the Middle Miocene. The genus experienced several diversifications and expansions correlated to the Messinian salinity crisis and the environmental changes in the Pliocene and the Quaternary. Rhaponticoides migrated following two routes reflecting the two souls of the genus: Irano-Turanian taxa colonized the steppes of Eurasia whilst Mediterranean species migrated via eastern and central Mediterranean and North Africa, leaving a trail of species; both pathways ended in the Iberian Peninsula. Our study also confirms that more work is needed to unravel phylogenetic relationships in Rhaponticoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bozkurt
- grid.17242.320000 0001 2308 7215Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Juan Antonio Calleja Alarcón
- Departament of Biology (Botany), Faculty of Sciences, Research Centre on Biodiversity and Global Change (CIBC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tuna Uysal
- grid.17242.320000 0001 2308 7215Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Nuria Garcia-Jacas
- grid.423841.80000 0004 1775 8010Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, S.N., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kuddisi Ertuğrul
- grid.17242.320000 0001 2308 7215Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Alfonso Susanna
- grid.423841.80000 0004 1775 8010Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Pg. del Migdia, S.N., 08038 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Miranda Cebrián H, Font X, Roquet C, Pizarro Gavilán M, García MB. Phylogenetic patterns of rarity and vulnerability in the flora of a temperate mountain range. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Font
- Plant Biodiversity Resource Centre, Univ. of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Dept de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal I Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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Palacio S, Cera A, Escudero A, Luzuriaga AL, Sánchez AM, Mota JF, Pérez‐Serrano Serrano M, Merlo ME, Martínez‐Hernández F, Salmerón‐Sánchez E, Mendoza‐Fernández AJ, Pérez‐García FJ, Montserrat‐Martí G, Tejero P. Recent and ancient evolutionary events shaped plant elemental composition of edaphic endemics: a phylogeny-wide analysis of Iberian gypsum plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2406-2423. [PMID: 35704043 PMCID: PMC9545410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of plant elemental composition and the underlying factors affecting its variation are a current hot topic in ecology. Ecological adaptation to atypical soils may shift plant elemental composition. However, no previous studies have evaluated its relevance against other factors such as phylogeny, climate or individual soil conditions. We evaluated the effect of the phylogeny, environment (climate, soil), and affinity to gypsum soils on the elemental composition of 83 taxa typical of Iberian gypsum ecosystems. We used a new statistical procedure (multiple phylogenetic variance decomposition, MPVD) to decompose total explained variance by different factors across all nodes in the phylogenetic tree of target species (covering 120 million years of Angiosperm evolution). Our results highlight the relevance of phylogeny on the elemental composition of plants both at early (with the development of key preadaptive traits) and recent divergence times (diversification of the Iberian gypsum flora concurrent with Iberian gypsum deposit accumulation). Despite the predominant phylogenetic effect, plant adaptation to gypsum soils had a strong impact on the elemental composition of plants, particularly on sulphur concentrations, while climate and soil effects were smaller. Accordingly, we detected a convergent evolution of gypsum specialists from different lineages on increased sulphur and magnesium foliar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 1622700JacaHuescaSpain
| | - Andreu Cera
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 1622700JacaHuescaSpain
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (BEECA), Secció de Botànica i Micologia, Facultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaDiagonal 64308028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos28933Móstoles, MadridSpain
| | - Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos28933Móstoles, MadridSpain
| | - Ana M. Sánchez
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos28933Móstoles, MadridSpain
| | - Juan Francisco Mota
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUALUniversidad de Almería04120AlmeríaSpain
| | | | - M. Encarnación Merlo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUALUniversidad de Almería04120AlmeríaSpain
| | | | | | - Antonio Jesús Mendoza‐Fernández
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, CEI·MAR and CECOUALUniversidad de Almería04120AlmeríaSpain
- Departamento de Botánica, Unidad de Conservación VegetalUniversidad de Granada18071GranadaSpain
| | | | | | - Pablo Tejero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE‐CSIC)Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria 1622700JacaHuescaSpain
- Botanika Saila, Sociedad de Ciencias AranzadiZorroagagaina 1120014Donostia‐San SebastianGipuzkoaSpain
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6
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Baumel A, Nieto Feliner G, Médail F, La Malfa S, Di Guardo M, Bou Dagher Kharrat M, Lakhal-Mirleau F, Frelon V, Ouahmane L, Diadema K, Sanguin H, Viruel J. Genome-wide footprints in the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) unveil a new domestication pattern of a fruit tree in the Mediterranean. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4095-4111. [PMID: 35691023 PMCID: PMC9541536 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intense research efforts over the last two decades have renewed our understanding of plant phylogeography and domestication in the Mediterranean basin. Here we aim to investigate the evolutionary history and the origin of domestication of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which has been cultivated for millennia for food and fodder. We used >1000 microsatellite genotypes to delimit seven carob evolutionary units (CEUs). We investigated genome‐wide diversity and evolutionary patterns of the CEUs with 3557 single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). To address the complex wild vs. cultivated status of sampled trees, we classified 56 sampled populations across the Mediterranean basin as wild, seminatural or cultivated. Nuclear and cytoplasmic loci were identified from RADseq data and separated for analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of these genomic‐wide data allowed us to resolve west‐to‐east expansions from a single long‐term refugium probably located in the foothills of the High Atlas Mountains near the Atlantic coast. Our findings support multiple origins of domestication with a low impact on the genetic diversity at range‐wide level. The carob was mostly domesticated from locally selected wild genotypes and scattered long‐distance westward dispersals of domesticated varieties by humans, concomitant with major historical migrations by Romans, Greeks and Arabs. Ex situ efforts to preserve carob genetic resources should prioritize accessions from both western and eastern populations, with emphasis on the most differentiated CEUs situated in southwest Morocco, south Spain and eastern Mediterranean. Our study highlights the relevance of wild and seminatural habitats in the conservation of genetic resources for cultivated trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Baumel
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques St-Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frédéric Médail
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques St-Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Di Guardo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Campus Sciences et Technologies, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatma Lakhal-Mirleau
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques St-Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | - Valentine Frelon
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques St-Jérôme, Marseille, France
| | - Lahcen Ouahmane
- Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Microbiennes Agrosciences et Environnement, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Katia Diadema
- Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles (CBNMed), Hyères, France
| | - Hervé Sanguin
- CIRAD, UMR PHIM, Montpellier, France.,PHIM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Molecular Systematics of Valerianella Mill. (Caprifoliaceae): Challenging the Taxonomic Value of Genetically Controlled Carpological Traits. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101276. [PMID: 35631702 PMCID: PMC9146508 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Valerianella (cornsalad) is a taxonomically complex genus formed by 50–65 annual Holarctic species classified into at least four main sections. Carpological traits (sizes and shapes of achenes and calyx teeth) have been used to characterize its sections and species. However, the potential systematic value of these traits at different taxonomic ranks (from sections to species (and infraspecific taxa)) has not been tested phylogenetically yet. Here, we have assessed the evolutionary systematic value of Valerianella diagnostic carpological traits at different hierarchical ranks and have demonstrated their ability to separate taxa at the sectional level but not at species level for species of several species pairs. A total of 426 individuals (17 species, 4 sections) of Valerianella were analyzed using AFLP and plastid data. Genetic clusters, phylogenetic trees, and haplotype networks support the taxonomic classification of Valerianella at the four studied sectional levels (V. sects. Valerianella, Cornigerae, Coronatae, Platycoelae) but show admixture for ten taxa from five species pairs (V. locusta—V. carinata, V. coronata—V. pumila, V. multidentata—V. discoidea, V. dentata—V. rimosa, V. eriocarpa—V. microcarpa), which are not reciprocally monophyletic. Dating analyses indicate that the Valerianella sections are relatively old (mid-Miocene), while most species diverged in the Pliocene–Pleistocene. A new section Valerianella sect. Stipitae is described to accommodate the highly divergent and taxonomically distinct V. fusiformis type species. Taxonomic treatments that recognize the sectional ranks and that subsume the separate species of each species pair into single species represent a natural classification for Valerianella.
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8
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Otero A, Vargas P, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Jiménez-Mejías P, Valcárcel V, Villa-Machío I, Hipp AL. A snapshot of progenitor-derivative speciation in Iberodes (Boraginaceae). Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3192-3209. [PMID: 35390211 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Traditional classification of speciation modes has focused on physical barriers to gene flow. Allopatric speciation with complete reproductive isolation is viewed as the most common mechanism of speciation. Parapatry and sympatry, by contrast, entail speciation in the face of ongoing gene flow, making them more difficult to detect. The genus Iberodes (Boraginaceae, NW Europe) comprises five species with contrasting morphological traits, habitats, and species distributions. Based on the predominance of narrow and geographically distant endemic species, we hypothesized that geographic barriers were responsible for most speciation events in Iberodes. We undertook an integrative study including: (i) phylogenomics through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, (ii) genetic structure analyses, (iii) demographic modeling, (iv) morphometrics, and (v) climatic niche modeling and niche overlap analysis. Results revealed a history of recurrent progenitor-derivative speciation manifested by a paraphyletic pattern of nested species differentiation. Budding speciation mediated by ecological differentiation is suggested for the coastal lineage, deriving from the inland widespread I. linifolia during Late Pliocene. Meanwhile, geographic isolation followed by niche shifts are suggested for the more recent differentiation of the coastland taxa. Our work provides a model for distinguishing speciation via ecological differentiation of peripheral, narrowly endemic I. kuzinskyanae and I. littoralis from a widespread extant ancestor, I. linifolia. Ultimately, our results illustrate a case of Pliocene speciation in the probable absence of geographic barriers and get away from the traditional cladistic perspective of speciation as producing two species from an extinct ancestor, thus reminding us that phylogenetic trees tell only part of the story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Otero
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Mejías
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Valcárcel
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Villa-Machío
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC). Pza. de Murillo, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Department of Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. DuSable Lake Shore Dr, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Morton Arboretum, 4100 Illinois Route 53, 60532, Lisle, Illinois, USA
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9
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Martín-Hernanz S, Albaladejo RG, Lavergne S, Rubio E, Grall A, Aparicio A. Biogeographic history and environmental niche evolution in the palearctic genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107238. [PMID: 34197899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biogeographic history and the degree of environmental niche conservatism provide essential clues to decipher the underlying macroevolutionary processes of species diversification and to understand contemporary patterns of biodiversity. The genus Helianthemum constitutes an excellent case study to investigate the impact of the geo-climatic changes and the environmental niche shifts on the origins of plant species diversity in the Mediterranean hotspot. It is a palearctic species-rich lineage with c. 140 species and subspecies mostly belonging to three distinct evolutionary radiations, almost confined to the Mediterranean region and occurring across varied environmental conditions. In this work, we studied the ample and rapid diversification of the genus Helianthemum across its whole distribution range by performing phylogenetic reconstructions of ancestral ranges and environmental niche evolution. We observed a striking synchrony of biogeographic movements with niche shifts between the three major clades of the genus Helianthemum, likely related to the geo-climatic events occurred in the Mediterranean Basin since the Upper Miocene. In particular, Late Miocene and Early Pliocene were dominated by episodes of range expansions, the Late Pliocene by range contraction and vicariance events, and Pleistocene by most intense environmental niche shifts and in-situ diversification. Our study also provides evidence for four main environmental niches in Helianthemum (i.e., Mediterranean, subdesert, humid-montane and subtropical-insular) and a tendency toward environmental niche conservatism within different subclades, with few niche shifts mostly occurring from Mediterranean ancestors. The relative longer time spent in Mediterranean areas by the ancestors of Helianthemum suggests that the larger species diversity observed in the Mediterranean (i.e. Northern Africa and Southern Europe) may have been generated by a time-for-speciation effect reinforced by environmental niche conservatism. Overall, our work highlights the role of the Mediterranean Basin as a 'cradle of diversity' and an 'evolutionary hub', facilitating the environmental transitions and determining the building up of a global plant biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rafael G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, FR-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Encarnación Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Aurélie Grall
- Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Albaladejo RG, Martín-Hernanz S, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Olangua-Corral M, Aparicio A. Reconstruction of the spatio-temporal diversification and ecological niche evolution of Helianthemum (Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands using genotyping-by-sequencing data. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:597-611. [PMID: 32386290 PMCID: PMC8052925 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several biogeographical models have been proposed to explain the colonization and diversification patterns of Macaronesian lineages. In this study, we calculated the diversification rates and explored what model best explains the current distribution of the 15 species endemic to the Canary Islands belonging to Helianthemum sect. Helianthemum (Cistaceae). METHODS We performed robust phylogenetic reconstructions based on genotyping-by-sequencing data and analysed the timing, biogeographical history and ecological niche conservatism of this endemic Canarian clade. KEY RESULTS Our phylogenetic analyses provided strong support for the monophyly of this clade, and retrieved five lineages not currently restricted to a single island. The pristine colonization event took place in the Pleistocene (~1.82 Ma) via dispersal to Tenerife by a Mediterranean ancestor. CONCLUSIONS The rapid and abundant diversification (0.75-1.85 species per million years) undergone by this Canarian clade seems the result of complex inter-island dispersal events followed by allopatric speciation driven mostly by niche conservatism, i.e. inter-island dispersal towards niches featuring similar environmental conditions. Nevertheless, significant instances of ecological niche shifts have also been observed in some lineages, making an important contribution to the overall diversification history of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - J Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava (Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias - ICIA), Puerto de la Cruz, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Olangua-Corral
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva y Micro-morfología, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’—Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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11
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Conservation Genetics of Four Critically Endangered Greek Endemic Plants: A Preliminary Assessment. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin constitutes one of the largest global biodiversity hotspots, hosting more than 11,000 endemic plants, and it is recognised as an area with a high proportion of threatened taxa. Nevertheless, only a tiny fraction of the threatened Mediterranean endemics have their genetic diversity assessed, and we are unaware if and how climate change might impact their conservation status. This is even more pronounced in Eastern Mediterranean countries with a rich endemic flora, such as Greece, which hosts a large portion of the plant taxa assessed at the European level under the IUCN criteria. Using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and species distribution models, we analysed the genetic diversity and investigated the impacts of climate change on four critically endangered and extremely narrow and rare Greek island endemic plants, namely Aethionema retsina, Allium iatrouinum, Convolvulus argyrothamnos, and Saponaria jagelii. All four species are facing intense anthropogenic threats and display moderate genetic diversity (uHe: 0.254–0.322), while climate change is expected to have a profound impact on their range size during the coming decades. A combination of in- and ex-situ measures, such as population reinforcement and seed bank conservation, are urgently needed in order to preserve these highly threatened and rare Greek endemics.
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12
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Otero A, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Vargas P. Evolution in the Model Genus Antirrhinum Based on Phylogenomics of Topotypic Material. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:631178. [PMID: 33643359 PMCID: PMC7907437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Researchers in phylogenetic systematics typically choose a few individual representatives of every species for sequencing based on convenience (neighboring populations, herbarium specimens, samples provided by experts, garden plants). However, few studies are based on original material, type material or topotypic material (living specimens from the locality where the type material was collected). The use of type or topotypic material in phylogenetic studies is paramount particularly when taxonomy is complex, such as that of Antirrhinum (Plantaginaceae). In this paper, we used topotypic materials of Antirrhinum at the species level (34 species proposed by previous authors), 87 specimens representing the species distributions and >50,000 informative nucleotide characters (from ∼4,000 loci) generated by the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique: (i) to test two explicit taxonomic hypotheses widely followed by local taxonomic treatments; (ii) to robustly estimate phylogenetic relationships; (iii) to investigate the evolution of key morphological characters and biogeographic centers of differentiation. Two GBS phylogenies based on two datasets (87 localities and 34 topotypic specimens) revealed that: (1) Sutton's (1988) taxonomic account is the most congruent with phylogenetic results, whereas division of Antirrhinum into three major clades disagrees with Rothmaler's (1956) infrageneric classification; (2) monophyly of populations currently included in the same species is primarily supported; (3) the historically recognized Antirrhinum majus group is not monophyletic; (4) sister-group relationships are robust for eight species pairs; (5) the evolutionary radiation of 26 species since the Pliocene is underpinned given a high rate of diversification (0.54 spp. Myr-1); (6) a geographic pattern of speciation is reconstructed, with northern Iberia as the center of early diversification followed by more recent speciation in southeastern Iberia; and (7) multiple acquisitions of key taxonomic characters in the course of Antirrhinum diversification are strongly supported, with no evidence of hybridization between major clades. Our results also suggest incipient speciation in some geographic areas and point to future avenues of research in evolution and systematics of Antirrhinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Otero
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Kougioumoutzis K, Kokkoris IP, Panitsa M, Kallimanis A, Strid A, Dimopoulos P. Plant Endemism Centres and Biodiversity Hotspots in Greece. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:72. [PMID: 33498512 PMCID: PMC7909545 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodiversity hotspots (BH) cover a small fraction of the Earth's surface, yet host numerous endemics. Human-induced biodiversity loss has been increasing worldwide, despite attempts to halt the extinction crisis. There is thus an urgent need to efficiently allocate the available conservation funds in an optimised conservation prioritization scheme. Identifying BH and endemism centres (EC) is therefore a valuable tool in conservation prioritization and planning. Even though Greece is one of the most plant species-rich European countries, few studies have dealt with the identification of BH or EC and none has ever incorporated phylogenetic information or extended to the national scale. Consequently, we are unaware of the extent that Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) of the Natura 2000 network efficiently protect Greek plant diversity. Here, we located for the first time at a national scale and in a phylogenetic framework, the areas serving as BH and EC, and assessed the effectiveness of the Greek SAC in safeguarding them. BH and EC are mainly located near mountainous areas, and in areas supposedly floristically impoverished, such as the central Aegean islands. A critical re-assessment of the Greek SAC might be needed to minimize the extinction risk of the Greek endemics, by focusing the conservation efforts also on the BH and EC that fall outside the established Greek SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kougioumoutzis
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
- Department of Ecology and Systematics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15701 Athens, Greece
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis P. Kokkoris
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Maria Panitsa
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
| | - Athanasios Kallimanis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - Panayotis Dimopoulos
- Division of Plant Biology, Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (I.P.K.); (M.P.); (P.D.)
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14
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Koutroumpa K, Warren BH, Theodoridis S, Coiro M, Romeiras MM, Jiménez A, Conti E. Geo-Climatic Changes and Apomixis as Major Drivers of Diversification in the Mediterranean Sea Lavenders ( Limonium Mill.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:612258. [PMID: 33510756 PMCID: PMC7835328 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.612258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean realm, comprising the Mediterranean and Macaronesian regions, has long been recognized as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, owing to its remarkable species richness and endemism. Several hypotheses on biotic and abiotic drivers of species diversification in the region have been often proposed but rarely tested in an explicit phylogenetic framework. Here, we investigate the impact of both species-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors on diversification in the species-rich, cosmopolitan Limonium, an angiosperm genus with center of diversity in the Mediterranean. First, we infer and time-calibrate the largest Limonium phylogeny to date. We then estimate ancestral ranges and diversification dynamics at both global and regional scales. At the global scale, we test whether the identified shifts in diversification rates are linked to specific geological and/or climatic events in the Mediterranean area and/or asexual reproduction (apomixis). Our results support a late Paleogene origin in the proto-Mediterranean area for Limonium, followed by extensive in situ diversification in the Mediterranean region during the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene. We found significant increases of diversification rates in the "Mediterranean lineage" associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, onset of Mediterranean climate, Plio-Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations, and apomixis. Additionally, the Euro-Mediterranean area acted as the major source of species dispersals to the surrounding areas. At the regional scale, we infer the biogeographic origins of insular endemics in the oceanic archipelagos of Macaronesia, and test whether woodiness in the Canarian Nobiles clade is a derived trait linked to insular life and a biotic driver of diversification. We find that Limonium species diversity on the Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos is the product of multiple colonization events followed by in situ diversification, and that woodiness of the Canarian endemics is indeed a derived trait but is not associated with a significant shift to higher diversification rates. Our study expands knowledge on how the interaction between abiotic and biotic drivers shape the uneven distribution of species diversity across taxonomic and geographical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Koutroumpa
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ben H. Warren
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institut de Systematique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Spyros Theodoridis
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mario Coiro
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria M. Romeiras
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ares Jiménez
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- IES Pedra da Auga, Ponteareas, Spain
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Zhu X, Li S, Xu B, Luo H. Cancer evolution: A means by which tumors evade treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111016. [PMID: 33246226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various methods have been tried to study and treat cancer, the cancer remains a major challenge for human medicine today. One important reason for this is the presence of cancer evolution. Cancer evolution is a process in which tumor cells adapt to the external environment, which can suppress the human immune system's ability to recognize and attack tumors, and also reduce the reproducibility of cancer research. Among them, heterogeneity of the tumor provides intrinsic motivation for this process. Recently, with the development of related technologies such as liquid biopsy, more and more knowledge about cancer evolution has been gained and interest in this topic has also increased. Therefore, starting from the causes of tumorigenesis, this paper introduces several tumorigenesis processes and pathways, as well as treatment options for different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urogenital Tumor Systems and Synthetic Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Translational Medicine Institute of Shenzhen, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bairui Xu
- The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Key Lab of Zhanjiang for R&D Marine Microbial Resources in the Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjian, China.
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16
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Martín-Rodríguez I, Vargas P, Ojeda F, Fernández-Mazuecos M. An enigmatic carnivorous plant: ancient divergence of Drosophyllaceae but recent differentiation of Drosophyllum lusitanicum across the Strait of Gibraltar. SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1771467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología-IVAGRO, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, E-11510, Spain
- Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, E-28933, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid, E-28014, Spain
| | - Fernando Ojeda
- Departamento de Biología-IVAGRO, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, E-11510, Spain
| | - Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, Madrid, E-28014, Spain
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17
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Balao F, Lorenzo MT, Sánchez-Robles JM, Paun O, García-Castaño JL, Terrab A. Early diversification and permeable species boundaries in the Mediterranean firs. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:495-507. [PMID: 31730195 PMCID: PMC7061173 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inferring the evolutionary relationships of species and their boundaries is critical in order to understand patterns of diversification and their historical drivers. Despite Abies (Pinaceae) being the second most diverse group of conifers, the evolutionary history of Circum-Mediterranean firs (CMFs) remains under debate. METHODS We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) on all proposed CMF taxa to investigate their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status. KEY RESULTS Based on thousands of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we present here the first formal test of species delimitation, and the first fully resolved, complete species tree for CMFs. We discovered that all previously recognized taxa in the Mediterranean should be treated as independent species, with the exception of Abies tazaotana and Abies marocana. An unexpectedly early pulse of speciation in the Oligocene-Miocene boundary is here documented for the group, pre-dating previous hypotheses by millions of years, revealing a complex evolutionary history encompassing both ancient and recent gene flow between distant lineages. CONCLUSIONS Our phylogenomic results contribute to shed light on conifers' diversification. Our efforts to resolve the CMF phylogenetic relationships help refine their taxonomy and our knowledge of their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Balao
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - María Teresa Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Robles
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ovidiu Paun
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Luis García-Castaño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anass Terrab
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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18
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Martín-Hernanz S, Aparicio A, Fernández-Mazuecos M, Rubio E, Reyes-Betancort JA, Santos-Guerra A, Olangua-Corral M, Albaladejo RG. Maximize Resolution or Minimize Error? Using Genotyping-By-Sequencing to Investigate the Recent Diversification of Helianthemum (Cistaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1416. [PMID: 31781140 PMCID: PMC6859804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A robust phylogenetic framework, in terms of extensive geographical and taxonomic sampling, well-resolved species relationships and high certainty of tree topologies and branch length estimations, is critical in the study of macroevolutionary patterns. Whereas Sanger sequencing-based methods usually recover insufficient phylogenetic signal, especially in recently diversified lineages, reduced-representation sequencing methods tend to provide well-supported phylogenetic relationships, but usually entail remarkable bioinformatic challenges due to the inherent trade-off between the number of SNPs and the magnitude of associated error rates. The genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) is a species-rich and taxonomically complex Palearctic group of plants that diversified mainly since the Upper Miocene. It is a challenging case study since previous attempts using Sanger sequencing were unable to resolve the intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Aiming to obtain a robust phylogenetic reconstruction based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), we established a rigorous methodological workflow in which we i) explored how variable settings during dataset assembly have an impact on error rates and on the degree of resolution under concatenation and coalescent approaches, ii) assessed the effect of two extreme parameter configurations (minimizing error rates vs. maximizing phylogenetic resolution) on tree topology and branch lengths, and iii) evaluated the effects of these two configurations on estimates of divergence times and diversification rates. Our analyses produced highly supported topologically congruent phylogenetic trees for both configurations. However, minimizing error rates did produce more reliable branch lengths, critically affecting the accuracy of downstream analyses (i.e. divergence times and diversification rates). In addition to recommending a revision of intrageneric systematics, our results enabled us to identify three highly diversified lineages in Helianthemum in contrasting geographical areas and ecological conditions, which started radiating in the Upper Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martín-Hernanz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Encarnación Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arnoldo Santos-Guerra
- Jardín de Aclimatación de la Orotava, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Olangua-Corral
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva y Micro-morfología, Jardín Botánico Canario ‘Viera y Clavijo’—Unidad Asociada CSIC (Cabildo de Gran Canaria), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rafael G. Albaladejo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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19
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Fernández-Mazuecos M, Blanco-Pastor JL, Juan A, Carnicero P, Forrest A, Alarcón M, Vargas P, Glover BJ. Macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs, a key evolutionary innovation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1123-1138. [PMID: 30570752 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar spurs are widely considered a key innovation promoting diversification in angiosperms by means of pollinator shifts. We investigated the macroevolutionary dynamics of nectar spurs in the tribe Antirrhineae (Plantaginaceae), which contains 29 genera and 300-400 species (70-80% spurred). The effect of nectar spurs on diversification was tested, with special focus on Linaria, the genus with the highest number of species. We generated the most comprehensive phylogeny of Antirrhineae to date and reconstructed the evolution of nectar spurs. Diversification rate heterogeneity was investigated using trait-dependent and trait-independent methods, and accounting for taxonomic uncertainty. The association between changes in spur length and speciation was examined within Linaria using model testing and ancestral state reconstructions. We inferred four independent acquisitions of nectar spurs. Diversification analyses revealed that nectar spurs are loosely associated with increased diversification rates. Detected rate shifts were delayed by 5-15 Myr with respect to the acquisition of the trait. Active evolution of spur length, fitting a speciational model, was inferred in Linaria, which is consistent with a scenario of pollinator shifts driving diversification. Nectar spurs played a role in diversification of the Antirrhineae, but diversification dynamics can only be fully explained by the complex interaction of multiple biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Mazuecos
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Blanco-Pastor
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
- INRA, Centre Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Poitiers, UR4 (URP3F), 86600, Lusignan, France
| | - Ana Juan
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN) & Instituto de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, PO Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pau Carnicero
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alan Forrest
- Centre for Middle Eastern Plants, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Marisa Alarcón
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Parc de Montjuïc, 08038, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beverley J Glover
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Keresztes L, Menéndez JM, Martin L, Török E, Kolcsár LP. Description of a new species of Mediotipula from Albania, with consideration of the eastern Mediterranean as a diversity hotspot (Diptera, Tipulidae). Zookeys 2018:99-115. [PMID: 30386162 PMCID: PMC6207631 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.792.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the TipulasubgenusMediotipula is described from the south-eastern part of Albania, south-eastern Europe. Morphologically, the new species is most similar to T. (M.) stigmatella Schummel, 1833, but differs mainly with respect to males, having a distinctly shaped posterior margin of tergite 9–10, a widened outer gonostylus and a series of details of the inner gonostylus (anterior end of the anterior arm, shape of the posterior arm), as well as having more bulbous and rounded hypogynal valves in the females. Further morphological differences of the male terminalia between allopatric populations of T. (M.) stigmatella in the Carpathians and Balkans, south-eastern Europe, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujza Keresztes
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, University of Babeș-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor 5-7, Romania University of Babeș-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Jesús Martínez Menéndez
- Department Zoología, Antropología Física & Genética, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n. Campus Vida. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Luis Martin
- Department Zoología, Antropología Física & Genética, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, R/Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n. Campus Vida. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Edina Török
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Centre of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, University of Babeș-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor 5-7, Romania University of Babeș-Bolyai Cluj-Napoca Romania.,Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Splaiul Independenţei 296, 060031 Bucureşti, Romania Romanian Academy Institute of Biology Bucureşti Romania
| | - Levente-Péter Kolcsár
- Romanian Academy Institute of Biology, Splaiul Independenţei 296, 060031 Bucureşti, Romania Romanian Academy Institute of Biology Bucureşti Romania
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Rundel PW, Arroyo MTK, Cowling RM, Keeley JE, Lamont BB, Pausas JG, Vargas P. Fire and Plant Diversification in Mediterranean-Climate Regions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:851. [PMID: 30018621 PMCID: PMC6038726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of broad interest in global patterns of biodiversity, little attention has been given to understanding the remarkable levels of plant diversity present in the world's five Mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions, all of which are considered to be biodiversity hotspots. Comprising the Mediterranean Basin, California, central Chile, the Cape Region of South Africa, and southwestern Australia, these regions share the unusual climatic regime of mild wet winters and warm dry summers. Despite their small extent, covering only about 2.2% of world land area, these regions are home to approximately one-sixth of the world vascular plant flora. The onset of MTCs in the middle Miocene brought summer drought, a novel climatic condition, but also a regime of recurrent fire. Fire has been a significant agent of selection in assembling the modern floras of four of the five MTC regions, with central Chile an exception following the uplift of the Andes in the middle Miocene. Selection for persistence in a fire-prone environment as a key causal factor for species diversification in MTC regions has been under-appreciated or ignored. Mechanisms for fire-driven speciation are diverse and may include both directional (novel traits) and stabilizing selection (retained traits) for appropriate morphological and life-history traits. Both museum and nursery hypotheses have important relevance in explaining the extant species richness of the MTC floras, with fire as a strong stimulant for diversification in a manner distinct from other temperate floras. Spatial and temporal niche separation across topographic, climatic and edaphic gradients has occurred in all five regions. The Mediterranean Basin, California, and central Chile are seen as nurseries for strong but not spectacular rates of Neogene diversification, while the older landscapes of southwestern Australia and the Cape Region show significant components of both Paleogene and younger Neogene speciation in their diversity. Low rates of extinction suggesting a long association with fire more than high rates of speciation have been key to the extant levels of species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W. Rundel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary T. K. Arroyo
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard M. Cowling
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Jon E. Keeley
- Sequoia Field Station, Western Ecological Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Byron B. Lamont
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Juli G. Pausas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, University of Valencia, CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Arroyo J, Thompson JD. Plant reproductive ecology and evolution in a changing Mediterranean climate. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 29292591 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Arroyo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - J D Thompson
- UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionelle et Evolutive, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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