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Zheng W, Chang IC, Limberis J, Budzik JM, Zha BS, Howard Z, Chen L, Ernst JD. Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides in lysosome-poor monocyte-derived lung cells during chronic infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012205. [PMID: 38701094 PMCID: PMC11095722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects lung myeloid cells, but the specific Mtb-permissive cells and host mechanisms supporting Mtb persistence during chronic infection are incompletely characterized. We report that after the development of T cell responses, CD11clo monocyte-derived cells harbor more live Mtb than alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, and CD11chi monocyte-derived cells. Transcriptomic and functional studies revealed that the lysosome pathway is underexpressed in this highly permissive subset, characterized by less lysosome content, acidification, and proteolytic activity than AM, along with less nuclear TFEB, a regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Mtb infection does not drive lysosome deficiency in CD11clo monocyte-derived cells but promotes recruitment of monocytes that develop into permissive lung cells, mediated by the Mtb ESX-1 secretion system. The c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib activates TFEB and enhances lysosome functions of macrophages in vitro and in vivo, improving control of Mtb infection. Our results suggest that Mtb exploits lysosome-poor lung cells for persistence and targeting lysosome biogenesis is a potential host-directed therapy for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - I-Chang Chang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Limberis
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Budzik
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Beth Shoshana Zha
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zachary Howard
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lucas Chen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Sava I, Davis LJ, Gray SR, Bright NA, Luzio JP. Reversible assembly and disassembly of V-ATPase during the lysosome regeneration cycle. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar63. [PMID: 38446621 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the luminal pH of late endocytic compartments in continuously fed mammalian cells is poorly understood. Using normal rat kidney fibroblasts, we investigated the reversible assembly/disassembly of the proton pumping V-ATPase when endolysosomes are formed by kissing and fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes and during the subsequent reformation of lysosomes. We took advantage of previous work showing that sucrosomes formed by the uptake of sucrose are swollen endolysosomes from which lysosomes are reformed after uptake of invertase. Using confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation of NRK cells stably expressing fluorescently tagged proteins, we found net recruitment of the V1 subcomplex during sucrosome formation and loss during lysosome reformation, with a similar time course to RAB7a loss. Addition of invertase did not alter mTORC1 signalling, suggesting that the regulation of reversible V-ATPase assembly/disassembly in continuously fed cells differs from that in cells subject to amino acid depletion/refeeding. Using live cell microscopy, we demonstrated recruitment of a fluorescently tagged V1 subunit during endolysosome formation and a dynamic equilibrium and rapid exchange between the cytosolic and membrane bound pools of this subunit. We conclude that reversible V-ATPase assembly/disassembly plays a key role in regulating endolysosomal/lysosomal pH in continuously fed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Sava
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Luther J Davis
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sally R Gray
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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3
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Tsong H, Holzbaur ELF, Stavoe AKH. Aging Differentially Affects Axonal Autophagosome Formation and Maturation. Autophagy 2023; 19:3079-3095. [PMID: 37464898 PMCID: PMC10621248 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2236485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Misregulation of neuronal macroautophagy/autophagy has been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We compared autophagosome formation and maturation in primary murine neurons during development and through aging to elucidate how aging affects neuronal autophagy. We observed an age-related decrease in the rate of autophagosome formation leading to a significant decrease in the density of autophagosomes along the axon. Next, we identified a surprising increase in the maturation of autophagic vesicles in neurons from aged mice. While we did not detect notable changes in endolysosomal content in the distal axon during early aging, we did observe a significant loss of acidified vesicles in the distal axon during late aging. Interestingly, we found that autophagic vesicles were transported more efficiently in neurons from adult mice than in neurons from young mice. This efficient transport of autophagic vesicles in both the distal and proximal axon is maintained in neurons during early aging, but is lost during late aging. Our data indicate that early aging does not negatively impact autophagic vesicle transport nor the later stages of autophagy. However, alterations in autophagic vesicle transport efficiency during late aging reveal that aging differentially impacts distinct aspects of neuronal autophagy.Abbreviations: ACAP3: ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 3; ARF6: ADP-ribosylation factor 6; ATG: autophagy related; AVs: autophagic vesicles; DCTN1/p150Glued: dynactin 1; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated protein 2; LysoT: LysoTracker; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAPK8IP1/JIP1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1; MAPK8IP3/JIP3: mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 3; mCh: mCherry; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Tsong
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erika LF Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea KH Stavoe
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Boutry M, DiGiovanni LF, Demers N, Fountain A, Mamand S, Botelho RJ, Kim PK. Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles regulate PI(3)P signaling to facilitate lysosomal tubule fission. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202205128. [PMID: 37289133 PMCID: PMC10250553 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation and fission of tubules from autolysosomes, endolysosomes, or phagolysosomes are required for lysosome reformation. However, the mechanisms governing these processes in these different lysosomal organelles are poorly understood. Thus, the role of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P) is unclear as it was shown to promote the formation of tubules from phagolysosomes but was proposed to inhibit tubule formation on autolysosomes because the loss of PI4KIIIβ causes extensive lysosomal tubulation. Using super-resolution live-cell imaging, we show that Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles are recruited to tubule fission sites from autolysosomes, endolysosomes, and phagolysosomes. Moreover, we show that PI(4)P is required to form autolysosomal tubules and that increased lysosomal tubulation caused by loss of PI4KIIIβ represents impaired tubule fission. At the site of fission, we propose that Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles mediate a PI(3)P signal on lysosomes in a process requiring the lipid transfer protein SEC14L2. Our findings indicate that Arf1-PI4KIIIβ positive vesicles and their regulation of PI(3)P are critical components of the lysosomal tubule fission machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Boutry
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura F. DiGiovanni
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Demers
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sami Mamand
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Polytechnic Research Center, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter K. Kim
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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5
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Zheng W, Chang IC, Limberis J, Budzik J, Zha BS, Howard Z, Chen L, Ernst J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides in lysosome-poor monocyte-derived lung cells during chronic infection. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3049913. [PMID: 37398178 PMCID: PMC10312915 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3049913/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) persists in lung myeloid cells during chronic infection. However, the mechanisms allowing Mtb to evade elimination are not fully understood. Here, we determined that in chronic phase, CD11clo monocyte-derived lung cells termed MNC1 (mononuclear cell subset 1), harbor more live Mtb than alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, and less permissive CD11chi MNC2. Transcriptomic and functional studies of sorted cells revealed that the lysosome biogenesis pathway is underexpressed in MNC1, which have less lysosome content, acidification, and proteolytic activity than AM, and less nuclear TFEB, a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Mtb infection does not drive lysosome deficiency in MNC1. Instead, Mtb recruits MNC1 and MNC2 to the lungs for its spread from AM to these cells via its ESX-1 secretion system. The c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib activates TFEB and enhances lysosome function of primary macrophages and MNC1 and MNC2 in vivo, improving control of Mtb infection. Our results indicate that Mtb exploits lysosome-poor monocyte-derived cells for in vivo persistence, suggesting a potential target for host-directed tuberculosis therapy.
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6
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Zheng W, Chang IC, Limberis J, Budzik JM, Zha BS, Howard Z, Chen L, Ernst JD. Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides in lysosome-poor monocyte-derived lung cells during chronic infection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.19.524758. [PMID: 36711606 PMCID: PMC9882350 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects cells in multiple lung myeloid cell subsets and causes chronic infection despite innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the mechanisms allowing Mtb to evade elimination are not fully understood. Here, using new methods, we determined that after T cell responses have developed, CD11clo monocyte-derived lung cells termed MNC1 (mononuclear cell subset 1), harbor more live Mtb compared to alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, and less permissive CD11chi MNC2. Bulk RNA sequencing of sorted cells revealed that the lysosome biogenesis pathway is underexpressed in MNC1. Functional assays confirmed that Mtb-permissive MNC1 have less lysosome content, acidification, and proteolytic activity than AM, and less nuclear TFEB, a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. Mtb infection does not drive lysosome deficiency in MNC1 in vivo. Instead, Mtb recruits MNC1 and MNC2 to the lungs for its spread from AM to these cell subsets as a virulence mechanism that requires the Mtb ESX-1 secretion system. The c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib activates TFEB and enhances lysosome function of primary macrophages in vitro and MNC1 and MNC2 in vivo, improving control of Mtb infection. Our results indicate that Mtb exploits lysosome-poor monocyte-derived cells for in vivo persistence, suggesting a potential target for host-directed tuberculosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Zheng
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - I-Chang Chang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason Limberis
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Budzik
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - B. Shoshana Zha
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zach Howard
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Chen
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joel D. Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Nosova O, Guselnikova V, Korzhevskii D. The application of alcian blue to identify astrocyte-associated amyloid plaques by using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 387:109797. [PMID: 36682730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes play an essential role in the normal functioning of the nervous system and are active contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, to comprehend the astrocytes and amyloid plaques relationship there is a need for imaging techniques providing simultaneous visualization of astrocytes using fluorescence and amyloid plaques revealed by transmitted light microscopy. NEW METHOD The possibility of simultaneous detection of astrocytes by immunocytochemistry (fluorescent) and amyloid plaques by cytochemical Alcian Blue (transparent) using confocal microscopy in 8-month-old 5хFAD mice samples shown. RESULTS The described method supposes performing astrocytes fluorescent labelling by GFAP or S100beta and amyloid plaques staining by Alcian Blue. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Proposed approach circumvents some limitations of fluorescence microscopy, such as weak fluorescence, low contrast, fluorophore broad excitation/emission profile and chemical instability. CONCLUSIONS The proposed technique provides high-quality resulting images of GFAP/s100beta- labelled astrocytes and Alcian Blue-stained amyloid plaques. These images are appliable for prospective qualitative and quantitative three-dimensional analysis due to the z-axis scanning. Moreover, it demonstrated the formation of stable Alcian Blue staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Nosova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
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8
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Dumigan A, Cappa O, Morris B, Sá Pessoa J, Calderon‐Gonzalez R, Mills G, Lancaster R, Simpson D, Kissenpfennig A, Bengoechea JA. In vivo single-cell transcriptomics reveal Klebsiella pneumoniae skews lung macrophages to promote infection. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e16888. [PMID: 36337046 PMCID: PMC9727930 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strategies deployed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria to counteract host defences are poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel host-pathogen interaction resulting in skewing lung macrophage polarisation by the human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. We identify interstitial macrophages (IMs) as the main population of lung macrophages associated with Klebsiella. Single-cell transcriptomics and trajectory analysis of cells reveal type I IFN and IL10 signalling, and macrophage polarisation are characteristic of infected IMs, whereas Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Nod-like receptor signalling are features of infected alveolar macrophages. Klebsiella-induced macrophage polarisation is a singular M2-type we termed M(Kp). To rewire macrophages, Klebsiella hijacks a TLR-type I IFN-IL10-STAT6 axis. Absence of STAT6 limits Klebsiella intracellular survival and facilitates the clearance of the pathogen in vivo. Glycolysis characterises M(Kp) metabolism, and inhibition of glycolysis results in clearance of intracellular Klebsiella. Capsule polysaccharide governs M(Kp). Klebsiella also skews human macrophage polarisation towards M(Kp) in a type I IFN-IL10-STAT6-dependent manner. Klebsiella induction of M(Kp) represents a novel strategy to overcome host restriction, and identifies STAT6 as target to boost defences against Klebsiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Oisin Cappa
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Brenda Morris
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Joana Sá Pessoa
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Ricardo Calderon‐Gonzalez
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Grant Mills
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Rebecca Lancaster
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - David Simpson
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Adrien Kissenpfennig
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Jose A Bengoechea
- Wellcome‐Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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9
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Ratto E, Chowdhury SR, Siefert NS, Schneider M, Wittmann M, Helm D, Palm W. Direct control of lysosomal catabolic activity by mTORC1 through regulation of V-ATPase assembly. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4848. [PMID: 35977928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells can acquire exogenous amino acids through endocytosis and lysosomal catabolism of extracellular proteins. In amino acid-replete environments, nutritional utilization of extracellular proteins is suppressed by the amino acid sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) through an unknown process. Here, we show that mTORC1 blocks lysosomal degradation of extracellular proteins by suppressing V-ATPase-mediated acidification of lysosomes. When mTORC1 is active, peripheral V-ATPase V1 domains reside in the cytosol where they are stabilized by association with the chaperonin TRiC. Consequently, most lysosomes display low catabolic activity. When mTORC1 activity declines, V-ATPase V1 domains move to membrane-integral V-ATPase Vo domains at lysosomes to assemble active proton pumps. The resulting drop in luminal pH increases protease activity and degradation of protein contents throughout the lysosomal population. These results uncover a principle by which cells rapidly respond to changes in their nutrient environment by mobilizing the latent catabolic capacity of lysosomes. mTORC1 blocks lysosomal nutrient generation. Here, the authors show that mTORC1 inactivation triggers V-ATPase assembly, which rapidly initiates lysosomal acidification and degradation of protein contents throughout the lysosomal population.
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10
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Feriotti C, Sá-Pessoa J, Calderón-González R, Gu L, Morris B, Sugisawa R, Insua JL, Carty M, Dumigan A, Ingram RJ, Kissenpfening A, Bowie AG, Bengoechea JA. Klebsiella pneumoniae hijacks the Toll-IL-1R protein SARM1 in a type I IFN-dependent manner to antagonize host immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111167. [PMID: 35947948 PMCID: PMC9638020 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens antagonize host defense responses by translocating effector proteins into cells. It remains an open question how those pathogens not encoding effectors counteract anti-bacterial immunity. Here, we show that Klebsiella pneumoniae exploits the evolutionary conserved innate protein SARM1 to regulate negatively MyD88- and TRIF-governed inflammation, and the activation of the MAP kinases ERK and JNK. SARM1 is required for Klebsiella induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10) by fine-tuning the p38-type I interferon (IFN) axis. SARM1 inhibits the activation of Klebsiella-induced absent in melanoma 2 inflammasome to limit IL-1β production, suppressing further inflammation. Klebsiella exploits type I IFNs to induce SARM1 in a capsule and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide-dependent manner via the TLR4-TRAM-TRIF-IRF3-IFNAR1 pathway. Absence of SARM1 reduces the intracellular survival of K. pneumoniae in macrophages, whereas sarm1-deficient mice control the infection. Altogether, our results illustrate an anti-immunology strategy deployed by a human pathogen. SARM1 inhibition will show a beneficial effect to treat Klebsiella infections. SARM1 is an evolutionary conserved innate immune protein with a TIR domain Klebsiella pneumoniae induces SARM1 to limit inflammation, and to induce IL-10 SARM1 inhibits the action of AIM2 inflammasome to limit IL-1β production In vivo, absence of SARM1 facilitates the clearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Feriotti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Joana Sá-Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Ricardo Calderón-González
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Lili Gu
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brenda Morris
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryoichi Sugisawa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jose L Insua
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Carty
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amy Dumigan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Adrien Kissenpfening
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - José A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK.
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11
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Michelis S, Danglot L, Vauchelles R, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Imaging and Measuring Vesicular Acidification with a Plasma Membrane-Targeted Ratiometric pH Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5996-6003. [PMID: 35377610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tracking the pH variation of intracellular vesicles throughout the endocytosis pathway is of prior importance to better assess the cell trafficking and metabolism of cells. Small molecular fluorescent pH probes are valuable tools in bioimaging but are generally not targeted to intracellular vesicles or are directly targeted to acidic lysosomes, thus not allowing the dynamic observation of the vesicular acidification. Herein, we designed Mem-pH, a fluorogenic ratiometric pH probe based on chromenoquinoline with appealing photophysical properties, which targets the plasma membrane (PM) of cells and further accumulates in the intracellular vesicles by endocytosis. The exposition of Mem-pH toward the vesicle's lumen allowed to monitor the acidification of the vesicles throughout the endocytic pathway and enabled the measurement of their pH via ratiometric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Michelis
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Romain Vauchelles
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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12
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Maxson ME, Abbas YM, Wu JZ, Plumb JD, Grinstein S, Rubinstein JL. Detection and quantification of the vacuolar H+ATPase using the Legionella effector protein SidK. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:212963. [PMID: 35024770 PMCID: PMC8763849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidification of secretory and endocytic organelles is required for proper receptor recycling, membrane traffic, protein degradation, and solute transport. Proton-pumping vacuolar H+ ATPases (V-ATPases) are responsible for this luminal acidification, which increases progressively as secretory and endocytic vesicles mature. An increasing density of V-ATPase complexes is thought to account for the gradual decrease in pH, but available reagents have not been sufficiently sensitive or specific to test this hypothesis. We introduce a new probe to localize and quantify V-ATPases. The probe is derived from SidK, a Legionella pneumophila effector protein that binds to the V-ATPase A subunit. We generated plasmids encoding fluorescent chimeras of SidK1-278, and labeled recombinant SidK1-278 with Alexa Fluor 568 to visualize and quantify V-ATPases with high specificity in live and fixed cells, respectively. We show that V-ATPases are acquired progressively during phagosome maturation, that they distribute in discrete membrane subdomains, and that their density in lysosomes depends on their subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yazan M Abbas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jing Ze Wu
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Plumb
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Holbert S, Barilleau E, Roche SM, Trotereau J, Georgeault S, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Wiedemann A, Méresse S, Virlogeux-Payant I, Velge P. Murine AML12 hepatocytes allow Salmonella Typhimurium T3SS1-independent invasion and intracellular fate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22803. [PMID: 34815429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the key role of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS1) apparatus as well as its associated effectors in the invasion and intracellular fate of Salmonella in the host cell. Several T3SS1 effectors work together to control cytoskeleton networks and induce massive membrane ruffles, allowing pathogen internalization. Salmonella resides in a vacuole whose maturation requires that the activity of T3SS1 subverts early stages of cell signaling. Recently, we identified five cell lines in which Salmonella Typhimurium enters without using its three known invasion factors: T3SS1, Rck and PagN. The present study investigated the intracellular fate of Salmonella Typhimurium in one of these models, the murine hepatocyte cell line AML12. We demonstrated that both wild-type Salmonella and T3SS1-invalidated Salmonella followed a common pathway leading to the formation of a Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV) without classical recruitment of Rho-GTPases. Maturation of the SCV continued through an acidified phase that led to Salmonella multiplication as well as the formation of a tubular network resembling Salmonella induced filaments (SIF). The fact that in the murine AML12 hepatocyte, the T3SS1 mutant induced an intracellular fate resembling to the wild-type strain highlights the fact that Salmonella Typhimurium invasion and intracellular survival can be completely independent of T3SS1.
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14
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Kostjukov VV. Photoexcitation of cresyl violet dye in aqueous solution: TD-DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Tan JMJ, Garner ME, Regeimbal JM, Greene CJ, Márquez JDR, Ammendolia DA, McCluggage ARR, Li T, Wu KJ, Cemma M, Ostrowski PP, Raught B, Diamond MS, Grinstein S, Yates RM, Higgins DE, Brumell JH. Listeria exploits IFITM3 to suppress antibacterial activity in phagocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4999. [PMID: 34404769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway has important functions in resistance to viral infection, with the downstream induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) protecting the host from virus entry, replication and spread. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen, can exploit the type I IFN response as part of their pathogenic strategy, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here we show that type I IFN suppresses the antibacterial activity of phagocytes to promote systemic Lm infection. Mechanistically, type I IFN suppresses phagosome maturation and proteolysis of Lm virulence factors ActA and LLO, thereby promoting phagosome escape and cell-to-cell spread; the antiviral protein, IFN-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), is required for this type I IFN-mediated alteration. Ifitm3-/- mice are resistant to systemic infection by Lm, displaying decreased bacterial spread in tissues, and increased immune cell recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. Together, our findings show how an antiviral mechanism in phagocytes can be exploited by bacterial pathogens, and implicate IFITM3 as a potential antimicrobial therapeutic target.
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16
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Harada A, Shimojima N, Kobayashi M, Kamba S, Hirobe S, Sumiyama K. Visualization of the human enteric nervous system by probe confocal laser endomicroscopy: a first real-time observation of Hirschsprung's disease and allied disorders. BMC Med Imaging 2021; 21:118. [PMID: 34332524 PMCID: PMC8325866 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-021-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our group previously proved that the human enteric nervous system can be visualized with confocal laser endomicroscopy after topical application of cresyl violet using surgically resected intestine specimens. The present report documents the first in vivo visualization of the human enteric nervous system with confocal laser endomicroscopy using local cresyl violet staining. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and clinical efficiency of confocal laser endomicroscopy in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease and allied disorders in vivo. Methods Confocal laser endomicroscopy was performed in vivo in two patients to confirm the presence of the enteric nervous system during surgery in patients with Hirschsprung’s disease and allied disorders. Cresyl violet was gently injected from the serosal side into the muscular layer of the intestine, and scanning was performed within 30 min. Then, the scanned intestines were resected, and the visualized area of the specimens was pathologically evaluated. Results The ganglion cell nuclei and the enteric nervous system network were clearly visualized intraoperatively in both cases. The morphological findings were similar to the pathological findings of the enteric nervous system in both cases although the period of visibility was brief. Conclusion This study demonstrated the first, real-time observation of the enteric nervous system in humans using confocal laser endomicroscopy and suggest the potential to identify the enteric nervous system intra-operatively during surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease and allied disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Harada
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojima
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan.
| | - Masakuni Kobayashi
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kamba
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirobe
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, 2-8-29 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sumiyama
- Department of Endoscopy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Davis LJ, Bright NA, Edgar JR, Parkinson MDJ, Wartosch L, Mantell J, Peden AA, Luzio JP. Organelle tethering, pore formation and SNARE compensation in the late endocytic pathway. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:268392. [PMID: 34042162 PMCID: PMC8186482 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide insights into the kiss-and-run and full fusion events resulting in endocytic delivery to lysosomes, we investigated conditions causing increased tethering and pore formation between late endocytic organelles in HeLa cells. Knockout of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) VAMP7 and VAMP8 showed, by electron microscopy, the accumulation of tethered lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-carrier vesicles around multivesicular bodies, as well as the appearance of ‘hourglass’ profiles of late endocytic organelles attached by filamentous tethers, but did not prevent endocytic delivery to lysosomal hydrolases. Subsequent depletion of the SNARE YKT6 reduced this delivery, consistent with it compensating for the absence of VAMP7 and VAMP8. We also investigated filamentous tethering between multivesicular bodies and enlarged endolysosomes following depletion of charged multi-vesicular body protein 6 (CHMP6), and provide the first evidence that pore formation commences at the edge of tether arrays, with pore expansion required for full membrane fusion. Summary: Endocytic delivery to lysosomes by kiss and run/membrane fusion entails pore formation commencing at the edge of tether arrays, and demonstrates SNARE redundancy and compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther J Davis
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Nicholas A Bright
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James R Edgar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Michael D J Parkinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lena Wartosch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Judith Mantell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS81TD, UK.,Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS81TD, UK
| | - Andrew A Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science & Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics (CMIAD), The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - J Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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18
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Abstract
Many lysosome functions are determined by a lumenal pH of ∼5.0, including the activity of resident acid-activated hydrolases. Lysosome pH (pHlys) is often increased in neurodegenerative disorders and predicted to be decreased in cancers, making it a potential target for therapeutics to limit the progression of these diseases. Accurately measuring pHlys, however, is limited by currently used dyes that accumulate in multiple intracellular compartments and cannot be propagated in clonal cells for longitudinal studies or used for in vivo determinations. To resolve this limitation, we developed a genetically encoded ratiometric pHlys biosensor, pHLARE (pHLysosomal Activity REporter), which localizes predominantly in lysosomes, has a dynamic range of pH 4.0 to 6.5, and can be stably expressed in cells. Using pHLARE we show decreased pHlys with inhibiting activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Also, cancer cells from different tissue origins have a lower pHlys than untransformed cells, and stably expressing oncogenic RasV12 in untransformed cells is sufficient to decrease pHlys. pHLARE is a new tool to accurately measure pHlys for improved understanding of lysosome dynamics, which is increasingly considered a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Webb
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94941
| | - Francesca M Aloisio
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94941
| | - Rabab A Charafeddine
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94941
| | - Jessica Cook
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94941
| | - Torsten Wittmann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94941
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94941
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19
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Takeshita T. Computational Study of Cresyl Violet Covalently Attached to the Silane Coupling Agents: Application to TiO 2-Based Photocatalysts and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10101958. [PMID: 33019555 PMCID: PMC7600687 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of photosensitizing dyes to TiO2 using silane coupling agents (SCAs) is a promising strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2-based photocatalysts and the photovoltaic conversion of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This approach can control the geometry and orientation of the photosensitizing dye on the TiO2 surface. In this study, a density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) investigation was carried out on cresyl violet (CV) covalently attached to SCAs with a terminal oxirane group (OTES–Cn) to reveal the influence of OTES–Cn on the geometry of the photosensitizing dyes. The potential of CV covalently attached to OTES–Cn (CV–OTES–Cn) to act as a photosensitizing dye was also analyzed. The hydroxyl group formed by the epoxy-opening reaction between CV and OTES–Cn strongly influenced the geometry of CV–OTES–Cn, which was attributed to a CH–O interaction. Additionally, TD-DFT, frontier molecular orbital and molecular electrostatic potential calculations revealed that CV–OTES–Cn has excellent optical properties and electron injection ability. In particular, the characteristics of the unbent conformation of CV–OTES–Cn are expected to contribute significantly to the photocurrent in TiO2-based photocatalysts and DSSCs. These findings enhance the understanding of the covalent attachment strategy using SCAs and contribute to improving TiO2-based photocatalysts and DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Takeshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Food Science, Fukui University of Technology, 3-6-1 Gakuen, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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20
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Vossen LI, Domínguez-Asenjo B, Gutiérrez-Corbo C, Pérez-Pertejo MY, Balaña-Fouce R, Reguera RM, Calderón M. Mannose-Decorated Dendritic Polyglycerol Nanocarriers Drive Antiparasitic Drugs To Leishmania infantum-Infected Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E915. [PMID: 32987800 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are hosts for intracellular pathogens involved in numerous diseases including leishmaniasis. They express surface receptors that may be exploited for specific drug-targeting. Recently, we developed a PEGylated dendritic polyglycerol-based conjugate (PG–PEG) that colocalizes with intracellular parasite. We hereby study the effect of surface decoration with mannose units on the conjugates’ targeting ability toward leishmania intracellular parasites. Murine and human macrophages were exposed to fluorescently labeled mannosylated PG–PEG and uptake was quantified by flow cytometry analysis. Nanocarriers bearing five mannose units showed the highest uptake, which varied between 30 and 88% in the population in human and murine macrophages, respectively. The uptake was found to be dependent on phagocytosis and pinocytosis (80%), as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis (79%). Confocal microscopy showed that mannosylated PG–PEGs target acidic compartments in macrophages. In addition, when both murine and human macrophages were infected and treated, colocalization between parasites and mannosylated nanoconjugates was observed. Leishmania-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) showed avidity by mannosylated PG–PEG whereas non-infected macrophages rarely accumulated conjugates. Moreover, the antileishmanial activity of Amphotericin B was kept upon conjugation to mannosylated PG–PEG through a pH-labile linker. This study demonstrates that leishmania infected macrophages are selectively targeted by mannosylated PEGylated dendritic conjugates.
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21
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Franch O, Gutiérrez-Corbo C, Domínguez-Asenjo B, Boesen T, Jensen PB, Nejsum LN, Keller JG, Nielsen SP, Singh PR, Jha RK, Nagaraja V, Balaña-Fouce R, Ho YP, Reguera RM, Knudsen BR. DNA flowerstructure co-localizes with human pathogens in infected macrophages. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6081-6091. [PMID: 32402089 PMCID: PMC7293011 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we characterize the cellular uptake of a DNA structure generated by rolling circle DNA amplification. The structure, termed nanoflower, was fluorescently labeled by incorporation of ATTO488-dUTP allowing the intracellular localization to be followed. The nanoflower had a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 300 nanometer and was non-toxic for all mammalian cell lines tested. It was internalized specifically by mammalian macrophages by phagocytosis within a few hours resulting in specific compartmentalization in phagolysosomes. Maximum uptake was observed after eight hours and the nanoflower remained stable in the phagolysosomes with a half-life of 12 h. Interestingly, the nanoflower co-localized with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania infantum within infected macrophages although these pathogens escape lysosomal degradation by affecting the phagocytotic pathway in very different manners. These results suggest an intriguing and overlooked potential application of DNA structures in targeted treatment of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leishmaniasis that are caused by pathogens that escape the human immune system by modifying macrophage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Boesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pia Bomholt Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Josephine Geertsen Keller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Prakruti R Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science & Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Jha
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science & Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science & Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Yi-Ping Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Centre for Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Birgitta Ruth Knudsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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22
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Grzybowski M, Taki M, Kajiwara K, Yamaguchi S. Effects of Amino Group Substitution on the Photophysical Properties and Stability of Near-Infrared Fluorescent P-Rhodamines. Chemistry 2020; 26:7912-7917. [PMID: 32274865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphine oxide-bridged rhodamines (P-rhodamines) bearing various acyclic and cyclic amine moieties, including dimethyl- and diethylamine, azetidine, pyrrolidine and 7-azabicyclo[2,2,1]heptane (7ABH), have been synthesized. The photophysical properties as well as chemical and photostability of these dyes have been studied in detail. Among these dyes, the 7ABH-substituted dye shows stronger fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region, relative to the other P-rhodamines. This dye could be applied to live-cell imaging, wherein lysosomes were selectively stained in a pH-independent manner. It was also found that the ring fusion of the amine moieties gives rise to remarkably redshifted spectra, with absorption and emission maxima at 770 and 820 nm, respectively, spectrally close to that of indocyanine green (ICG). Importantly, the ring-fused P-rhodamines showed much higher photostability than ICG, indicative of their promising utility as the NIR-emissive dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiji Kajiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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23
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Leemans B, Stout TAE, Soom AV, Gadella BM. pH-dependent effects of procaine on equine gamete activation†. Biol Reprod 2019; 101:1056-1074. [PMID: 31373616 PMCID: PMC6877780 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Procaine directly triggers pH-dependent cytokinesis in equine oocytes and induces hypermotility in stallion spermatozoa, an important event during capacitation. However, procaine-induced hyperactivated motility is abolished when sperm is washed to remove the procaine prior to sperm-oocyte co-incubation. To understand how procaine exerts its effects, the external Ca2+ and Na+ and weak base activity dependency of procaine-induced hyperactivation in stallion spermatozoa was assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Percoll-washed stallion spermatozoa exposed to Ca2+-depleted (+2 mM EGTA) procaine-supplemented capacitating medium (CM) still demonstrated hyperactivated motility, whereas CM without NaCl or Na+ did not. Both procaine and NH4Cl, another weak base, were shown to trigger a cytoplasmic pH increase (BCECF-acetoxymethyl (AM)), which is primarily induced by a pH rise in acidic cell organelles (Lysosensor green dnd-189), accompanied by hypermotility in stallion sperm. As for procaine, 25 mM NH4Cl also induced oocyte cytokinesis. Interestingly, hyperactivated motility was reliably induced by 2.5-10 mM procaine, whereas a significant cytoplasmic cAMP increase and tail-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation were only observed at 10 mM. Moreover, 25 mM NH4Cl did not support the latter capacitation characteristics. Additionally, cAMP levels were more than 10× higher in boar than stallion sperm incubated under similar capacitating conditions. Finally, stallion sperm preincubated with 10 mM procaine did not fertilize equine oocytes. In conclusion, 10 mM procaine causes a cytoplasmic and acidic sperm cell organelle pH rise that simultaneously induces hyperactivated motility, increased levels of cAMP and tail-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in stallion spermatozoa. However, procaine-induced hypermotility is independent of the cAMP/protein tyrosine phosphorylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Leemans
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom A E Stout
- Departments of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart M Gadella
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Departments of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Ostrowski PP, Roth Z, Grinstein S. Labeling Acidic Compartments of Neutrophils with Cresyl Violet. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2087:207-213. [PMID: 31728993 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0154-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the acidotropic marker cresyl violet to stain acidic granules in live neutrophils. Cresyl violet is less phototoxic, more photostable, and more cost-effective than other commercially available acidotropic markers. Additionally, it does not photoconvert to fluorescent species of a different color, a limitation of other commonly used acidotropic markers. Staining can be readily detected by fluorescence microscopy or by flow cytometry, and can be used as a readout of degranulation in activated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Ostrowski
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ziv Roth
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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25
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D'Costa VM, Coyaud E, Boddy KC, Laurent EMN, St-Germain J, Li T, Grinstein S, Raught B, Brumell JH. BioID screen of Salmonella type 3 secreted effectors reveals host factors involved in vacuole positioning and stability during infection. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2511-22. [PMID: 31611645 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens express virulence proteins that are translocated into host cells (herein referred to as effectors), where they can interact with target proteins to manipulate host cell processes. These effector-host protein interactions are often dynamic and transient in nature, making them difficult to identify using traditional interaction-based methods. Here, we performed a systematic comparison between proximity-dependent biotin labelling (BioID) and immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry to investigate a series of Salmonella type 3 secreted effectors that manipulate host intracellular trafficking (SifA, PipB2, SseF, SseG and SopD2). Using BioID, we identified 632 candidate interactions with 381 unique human proteins, collectively enriched for roles in vesicular trafficking, cytoskeleton components and transport activities. From the subset of proteins exclusively identified by BioID, we report that SifA interacts with BLOC-2, a protein complex that regulates dynein motor activity. We demonstrate that the BLOC-2 complex is necessary for SifA-mediated positioning of Salmonella-containing vacuoles, and affects stability of the vacuoles during infection. Our study provides insight into the coordinated activities of Salmonella type 3 secreted effectors and demonstrates the utility of BioID as a powerful, complementary tool to characterize effector-host protein interactions.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson J. Gomes
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and NanobiotechnologyUniversity of BrasíliaBrasília Brazil
| | - Claure N. Lunardi
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and NanobiotechnologyUniversity of BrasíliaBrasília Brazil
| | - Fellipy S. Rocha
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and NanobiotechnologyUniversity of BrasíliaBrasília Brazil
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPolytechnique MontréalQC Canada
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27
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Ansari Dezfouli M, Zahmatkesh M, Farahmandfar M, Khodagholi F. Melatonin protective effect against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity mediated by mitochondrial biogenesis; involvement of hippocampal Sirtuin-1 signaling pathway. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Westman J, Moran G, Mogavero S, Hube B, Grinstein S. Candida albicans Hyphal Expansion Causes Phagosomal Membrane Damage and Luminal Alkalinization. mBio 2018; 9:e01226-18. [PMID: 30206168 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01226-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
C. albicans is the most common cause of nosocomial fungal infection, and over 3 million people acquire life-threatening invasive fungal infections every year. Even if antifungal drugs exist, almost half of these patients will die. Despite this, fungi remain underestimated as pathogens. Our study uses quantitative biophysical approaches to demonstrate that yeast-to-hypha transition occurs within the nutrient-deprived, acidic phagosome and that alkalinization is a consequence, as opposed to the cause, of hyphal growth. Macrophages rely on phagosomal acidity to destroy engulfed microorganisms. To survive this hostile response, opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans developed strategies to evade the acidic environment. C. albicans is polymorphic and able to convert from yeast to hyphae, and this transition is required to subvert the microbicidal activity of the phagosome. However, the phagosomal lumen, which is acidic and nutrient deprived, is believed to inhibit the yeast-to-hypha transition. To account for this apparent paradox, it was recently proposed that C. albicans produces ammonia that alkalinizes the phagosome, thus facilitating yeast-to-hypha transition. We reexamined the mechanism underlying phagosomal alkalinization by applying dual-wavelength ratiometric pH measurements. The phagosomal membrane was found to be highly permeable to ammonia, which is therefore unlikely to account for the pH elevation. Instead, we find that yeast-to-hypha transition begins within acidic phagosomes and that alkalinization is a consequence of proton leakage induced by excessive membrane distension caused by the expanding hypha.
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29
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Abstract
C9orf72 mutations are a major cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. The C9orf72 protein undergoes regulated recruitment to lysosomes and has been broadly implicated in control of lysosome homeostasis. However, although evidence strongly supports an important function for C9orf72 at lysosomes, little is known about the lysosome recruitment mechanism. In this study, we identify an essential role for WDR41, a prominent C9orf72 interacting protein, in C9orf72 lysosome recruitment. Analysis of human WDR41 knockout cells revealed that WDR41 is required for localization of the protein complex containing C9orf72 and SMCR8 to lysosomes. Such lysosome localization increases in response to amino acid starvation but is not dependent on either mTORC1 inhibition or autophagy induction. Furthermore, WDR41 itself exhibits a parallel pattern of regulated association with lysosomes. This WDR41-dependent recruitment of C9orf72 to lysosomes is critical for the ability of lysosomes to support mTORC1 signaling as constitutive targeting of C9orf72 to lysosomes relieves the requirement for WDR41 in mTORC1 activation. Collectively, this study reveals an essential role for WDR41 in supporting the regulated binding of C9orf72 to lysosomes and solidifies the requirement for a larger C9orf72 containing protein complex in coordinating lysosomal responses to changes in amino acid availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Amick
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Arun Kumar Tharkeshwar
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Catherine Amaya
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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30
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Abstract
Lysosomes perform degradative functions that are important for all cells. However, neurons are particularly dependent on optimal lysosome function due to their extremes of longevity, size and polarity. Axons in particular exemplify the major spatial challenges faced by neurons in the maintenance of lysosome biogenesis and function. What impact does this have on the regulation and functions of lysosomes in axons? This review focuses on the mechanisms whereby axonal lysosome biogenesis, transport and function are adapted to meet neuronal demand. Important features include the dynamic relationship between endosomes, autophagosomes and lysosomes as well as the transport mechanisms that support the movement of lysosome precursors in axons. A picture is emerging wherein intermediates in the lysosome maturation processes that would only exist transiently within the crowded confines of a neuronal cell body are spatially and temporally separated over the extreme distances encountered in axons. Axons may thus offer significant opportunities for the analysis of the mechanisms that control lysosome biogenesis. Insights from the genetics and pathology of human neurodegenerative diseases furthermore emphasize the importance of efficient axonal transport of lysosomes and their precursors.
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31
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Chávez JC, De la Vega-Beltrán JL, José O, Torres P, Nishigaki T, Treviño CL, Darszon A. Acrosomal alkalization triggers Ca 2+ release and acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoa. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4735-4747. [PMID: 29135027 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sperm acrosome reaction (AR), an essential event for mammalian fertilization, involves Ca2+ permeability changes leading to exocytosis of the acrosomal vesicle. The acrosome, an intracellular Ca2+ store whose luminal pH is acidic, contains hydrolytic enzymes. It is known that acrosomal pH (pHacr ) increases during capacitation and this correlates with spontaneous AR. Some AR inducers increase intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) through Ca2+ release from internal stores, mainly the acrosome. Catsper, a sperm specific Ca2+ channel, has been suggested to participate in the AR. Curiously, Mibefradil and NNC55-0396, two CatSper blockers, themselves elevate [Ca2+ ]i by unknown mechanisms. Here we show that these compounds, as other weak bases, can elevate pHacr , trigger Ca2+ release from the acrosome, and induce the AR in both mouse and human sperm. To our surprise, μM concentrations of NNC55-0396 induced AR even in nominally Ca2+ free media. Our findings suggest that alkalization of the acrosome is critical step for Ca2+ release from the acrosome that leads to the acrosome reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Chávez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
| | - José L De la Vega-Beltrán
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
| | - Omar José
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
| | - Paulina Torres
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
| | - Takuya Nishigaki
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
| | - Claudia L Treviño
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
| | - Alberto Darszon
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, México
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32
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Gidon A, Åsberg SE, Louet C, Ryan L, Haug M, Flo TH. Persistent mycobacteria evade an antibacterial program mediated by phagolysosomal TLR7/8/MyD88 in human primary macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006551. [PMID: 28806745 PMCID: PMC5570494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria reside in macrophages where they avoid lysosomal targeting and degradation through poorly understood mechanisms proposed to involve arrest of phagosomal maturation at an early endosomal stage. A clear understanding of how this relates to host defenses elicited from various intracellular compartments is also missing and can only be studied using techniques allowing single cell and subcellular analyses. Using confocal imaging of human primary macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium (Mav) we show evidence that Mav phagosomes are not arrested at an early endosomal stage, but mature to a (LAMP1+/LAMP2+/CD63+) late endosomal/phagolysosomal stage where inflammatory signaling and Mav growth restriction is initiated through a mechanism involving Toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8, the adaptor MyD88 and transcription factors NF-κB and IRF-1. Furthermore, a fraction of the mycobacteria re-establish in a less hostile compartment (LAMP1-/LAMP2-/CD63-) where they not only evade destruction, but also recognition by TLRs, growth restriction and inflammatory host responses that could be detrimental for intracellular survival and establishment of chronic infections. Mycobacterium avium is increasingly reported as a causative agent of non-tuberculous disease in immunocompromised patients and in individuals with underlying disease or using immunosuppressant drugs, with prevalence often higher than the more pathogenic M. tuberculosis in developed countries. Both M. avium and M. tuberculosis cause persistent infections by surviving inside host macrophages. Here, we identify from which compartment M. avium evoke inflammatory signaling in human primary macrophages, and the pattern-recognition receptors involved. In essence, we present three key findings: 1) M. avium phagosomes are not arrested at an early endosomal stage, but rather mature normally into phagolysosomes from where a fraction of the bacteria escape and re-establish in a new compartment. 2) In addition to avoiding degradation in phagolysosomes, by escaping M. avium also evade inflammatory signaling. 3) M. avium unable to escape is degraded in phagolysosomes and recognized by Toll-like receptors 7 and 8. Our results can contribute to new understanding of intracellular infections, and thus have vital clinical implications for development of novel anti-microbial strategies and host-targeted therapy to mycobacterial and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gidon
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Elisabeth Åsberg
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Louet
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Ryan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Haug
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- The Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trude Helen Flo
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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33
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Gutierrez-Corbo C, Dominguez-Asenjo B, Vossen LI, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Muñoz-Fenández MA, Balaña-Fouce R, Calderón M, Reguera RM. PEGylated Dendritic Polyglycerol Conjugate Delivers Doxorubicin to the Parasitophorous Vacuole in Leishmania infantum
Infections. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Gutierrez-Corbo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiologia Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank; IiSGM and CIBER-BBN; 28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara Dominguez-Asenjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Laura I. Vossen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Maria A. Muñoz-Fenández
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiologia Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank; IiSGM and CIBER-BBN; 28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
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34
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Domínguez-Martín E, Cardenal-Muñoz E, King JS, Soldati T, Coria R, Escalante R. Methods to Monitor and Quantify Autophagy in the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells 2017; 6:E18. [PMID: 28671610 DOI: 10.3390/cells6030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a eukaryotic catabolic pathway that degrades and recycles cellular components to maintain homeostasis. It can target protein aggregates, superfluous biomolecular complexes, dysfunctional and damaged organelles, as well as pathogenic intracellular microbes. Autophagy is a dynamic process in which the different stages from initiation to final degradation of cargo are finely regulated. Therefore, the study of this process requires the use of a palette of techniques, which are continuously evolving and whose interpretation is not trivial. Here, we present the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a relevant model to study autophagy. Several methods have been developed based on the tracking and observation of autophagosomes by microscopy, analysis of changes in expression of autophagy genes and proteins, and examination of the autophagic flux with various techniques. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of the currently available techniques to assess autophagy in this organism.
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35
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Levin R, Hammond GRV, Balla T, De Camilli P, Fairn GD, Grinstein S. Multiphasic dynamics of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate during phagocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:128-140. [PMID: 28035045 PMCID: PMC5221617 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate undergoes striking multiphasic changes during phagosome formation and maturation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these changes and the role of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate in phagolysosome formation are investigated. We analyzed the distribution, fate, and functional role of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) during phagosome formation and maturation. To this end, we used genetically encoded probes consisting of the PtdIns4P-binding domain of the bacterial effector SidM. PtdIns4P was found to undergo complex, multiphasic changes during phagocytosis. The phosphoinositide, which is present in the plasmalemma before engagement of the target particle, is transiently enriched in the phagosomal cup. Soon after the phagosome seals, PtdIns4P levels drop precipitously due to the hydrolytic activity of Sac2 and phospholipase C, becoming undetectable for ∼10 min. PtdIns4P disappearance coincides with the emergence of phagosomal PtdIns3P. Conversely, the disappearance of PtdIns3P that signals the transition from early to late phagosomes is accompanied by resurgence of PtdIns4P, which is associated with the recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase 2A. The reacquisition of PtdIns4P can be prevented by silencing expression of the kinase and can be counteracted by recruitment of a 4-phosphatase with a heterodimerization system. Using these approaches, we found that the secondary accumulation of PtdIns4P is required for proper phagosomal acidification. Defective acidification may be caused by impaired recruitment of Rab7 effectors, including RILP, which were shown earlier to displace phagosomes toward perinuclear lysosomes. Our results show multimodal dynamics of PtdIns4P during phagocytosis and suggest that the phosphoinositide plays important roles during the maturation of the phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Levin
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Tamas Balla
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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